**OFFICE OF**  **THE AlTORNEY**  **GENERAL OF**  **TEXAS AUSTIN** 
**I GROVER**  SBLLERS **mToR ”**  **FT**

**GMtsw.L**

## 112

"1 wish to rutmit for your opiaion the queation whether an oSSioer or **mallsted** man in tbu TUXRS State Guerd, under elthor oS the above tgpea of aativity, ir pmsonally llabla and rubjeot to
m&it for pwBoMl injury or prapertg dawo by reR809 OS his 0porRtion of mator voh%oles or otbar eqtipumt in porweeion 0r tha T-B Hmto orvrd mxd operated byhimunderordws oihis oommnnding

0f~lA%*SW.
"-#a hRv; bean info& unoffialallythe u pawoubnto&m )mtolvedaPrmber **oftheFo~r** Texas NationalWardin Rllaa, Tox&8..
mIneidontaUyl the Tmrae Etato OUSNI Us boon rcoordedreao&tion by tha War **Doprrtaent as**  **the** orwod mllltis OS the stRta,purmuwxt to federal **lawi and**  &marally the motor rslrla1.a or other equip numt 

### wad

by it r mabern 

### ia

l **qtiipment tmmd**  by the United States and Surnlshed to the State Sar tr8lnJ.ng und porforningthe aotiw duty of the iilitir."

**Arti 6768,**  **VWWKl*S** **Annotated** C&V%& **StRtUtelS, aa**  **auwmled**by Xouue Bill Flo. 56S, anrctrd by the Bortr-e,i@;hth ra&alnture, reada a8 follorrr

'Tim rllitti OS thie State shall be divided into two (8) olasbsls,

th* aotiv* and ream-v.mllitIia* The wctito militia shall waulrt of orguiiredend mlformed lailitary

Sorom OS thir State rbieh shall **be** knom a8 the TOXRS 3IatiosmlQuwd orthoQurr State Guard, RI the cum r;3a ~a: tho ree8a-wmilitir rhp3.l curls1st

of all those iatile to 6oniai In the lRUitl& I- but not siwvinp,

in the Texa8 Xotlon& 0~~x4 or the Tewa state suard."

*seotion 1 (a). Authcrlty **and muno.**  **whenever** any **part of**  **the RutfonRl**  **ward OS**  **tw.8** 

## state **18 in**  **aotivs** izeileral

servioe, the @overncr la hereby ruthorlz.od to

## 113 \

orgmiw **end** maintain tithin this St&a duriy: suah period,under 8uoh regulatianaOS tha :eamt&ry of War of the -United Stats8 may prsaoriba for t-hair

orymiration, stAndardaof trainlui;, l.nstrwtion

and disaiplti, l

ueh tilitary fcraoa M tbo ctovwaorany dwaa aeoeaeuy to deS6nd thfa state. 4 8 +
*(II) Such fowos shall be e part of the katlve ailltia uad a ocmponantof the Ililltw!~ **Forttes OS**  **Texas** end aheXl. be additional to and diatinat from the !iational

13uaa-d and shall be known &IIthe !l'exarr Stata Guurda Pmvided, hmevar, thatmambma of the Taxaa ~IJutional Gumd W!IO

ma not at t&e tlum in Fedw6l SWV~O~ my be used, undo the authorit of tlm AdjutantGenar& ts omna~@,lnatruot, in tra and administerall or any ecmpment of tha xilltary Pa-a.8 of this St&to. inoludlng~ auoh State Guard.”



## “800t1cm 8 (a)* or!&aaLutbQ.

Rule8 unaam- thns. The

5o~ermer is iaweby

uuthwised

to tr wrlbr males l d regalatlonsnot lnaonsi8knt with visloas of this Aot governing the 

### l alldimeat, esration, ,+3mbliatmLtion, tmlfosna, elcruipsmt,l8abteau&a., cawuad, tninlng and dlsolpllzna OS auoh ~ox8.a; provided such rules and regulations,in 80 frr aa he &aem~ prrotionbleend deetiable,8hal.l oonforrp

to cbxlsting law ~ovorn%ngand pertrinlagto tha XatiaMl Guard and the rules and re@.at$ons **promulgated there**  under.*

Ax-tic10

s838, Yeraon~aAnnotatedCivil Ststutos,as amem by said HOUM Bill Woa 5B6, provider aa Sollows:

*Aotive mllltia service. The military forcea of this Sate when oirlled fnto active aarviee of this state in time of war, inawroatlon, invahion,or hn&mnt danger ther*of, or the preventionof i.nvacSlon, thou durlrq their time 6s aorvioe,be entitled to the sme pay, rations,md allouanoesfor elcit~~i;
as fs now or my hereafterbe qttabl.iaiisd tiJ t!-m 2.awa for the ensy of the m-&ted States.***T&me 18**  **no** provi8ion in thr law8 crouting th. TexU8

st0t.e mmrd ommpting any member tboreof f'rum 0ivl.l liabiliby for t:m death or Injury to anoth8r parson or from property damp~0.

The authorit U'o ray mowor in r4gunt to tha Oivil llabllItLe8of mmber8 of the m%lfti& Frar i&8 dro18ion8 of **the Pedwul**  **appollata oourlx**  **(FodwU** Digeat, Vel. 46, tIW.8 Y;IlIt&.a,

key mtnbar Is] WC note that it Ia ~eimtiy rCoo&nI8ad that a mmmbor of the mIlIt%a nmy be 01vIlly 1lablC for tort8 aomlttod bybk.

PCI QUQk hrcrp

vOlUU8 68, kl84PtiU2 &W18pX%dCnC9, 34JC8 f&s4466,a8 follor8r

**“ see.**  **ll6.** Pec8oxu4LIab%llb of Pwwru in Killtrrf 8W'ViCO.--It18 l Td&-O8tab i8h& &‘ti*thUt par3 8ON 

## engugad

ia tha mlllWry 8CPVIC8 of the Itate or nation are not lkblo %fk a **olvll** atit **for** dmmgC8 for U0t8 **done** in th8 C-80 Of thati mtlikry dutlO8, in ObOdiOIlOO to thC larful CPdCr8 of a 8up8rICZ Of~ioW, 0F, U8 8tat.d b 8-0 udhO~itiO8~ in obedlenuoto o rdo r8

whi0 hlr4 apparentlyluwful or not apparently &wftal,but If 8uah or&m8 8~4 tll4gu1, or apparsntl~

izis%az~~~~~~~~ ~dz3i$~x~. th6y afford no Ju8tiffoUtion for th8 Wrongful act. + 4 4.0

+4044*

'A 801diCl'

18 W38pon8ibh fOC dLUC@$C8 fQr 4l& &4t8 dOnO by hln Without Ol'der8 Or Out81dC Or ,ti

8xC.88 of hi8 Ol'dOP8. The mere faCt that on8 18 a ma&w of the tilltury do08 sot give him liaCn8C to **db thou**  i$h%.n$cl wh%Ch a oirIltanmnnot do. G Q *.'

iz + 4 4 Q e

*sot. 17. superior or c infrrior officer8und 8oldime bomd to obey ordws cPl0wmung 0ffioerr.-Vihila

am protected in 80 do&& 4xoept vrkubr4 8uch **orders Hoa**  **Aa IS.**  **Kniehrbooker,** page **#S.**

8hOw on thoip~

faoe their 0wn 111e~aUty Or wult of authority,a SuperIOrofflobr 18 hInIrlf an8Werablefor all a0tr within the fair eaope of the order8 given by him, and hia only &vaIlatle defenee is that the order8 given by him Were IAWRil. Tha gemoral rule 18 that offioere in 0ommand of mIlltary fORlO8 are not personally liable for inju~IO8 r88ultIngfrc5 theix offi0Ial rots **in** the4

pro8eoutlao**of** lawfulmllltary OpeMti0n8. Thi8 rub %8 rrubjeot, hOWeYOr, t0 the Ulnitatlonthat polronel 1Iablllt~nrpy be inaurredwhere the offloes a0t8 wuntonly,or inths abmenae Of any rea8onabl8nOce88ity.0 i+ W offieon who have mIlItIa In 00mmandmay bo re8pOn8iblefor d8m8g88 8urtaInedbg a citizen re8lLlting

inmath praoticr.

Of firin& &UX8 by m5bor8 of the llcSlltIa under tholr charge and at t he i r o on man d. l * *î

Themefore,we oonolxxhthat a wmber of tha Torar Stats Gwrd, eng8ged in either of the @908 oflotivltier d+ 8oribOdby YOU, I8 rO8pOMible for wO8, tn rOllpO0t t0 elthor pr8onnl injUdO or propertyduukgo crrwmd~by hI# Mt8 of mgligenoo, whothor with or wIthout ordora BF In Ox0888 Of
hi8 OrdW8. 

### 156 Mar es, 9L vie point out,houov*D, tbAt oompllanoeby a prlvats 8oldieawith an Order 6f a 8upwior oifiosr I8 suffioiant juatiflaatlon for the violationOf a trwffitio

rule 1~1le88 the order 18 80 wpably -Wl’ul that a rea8onableman in the poaitton of a perron obem it would p8r0OIve it8 unlawful quality, and that an order to keep * motor oonvoy together,even If that involved oontinu%n&in the face of a red light, althOugh lllogal, oannOt ba deemed palpubly or obvIou8lyIllegal to a roldior chargedwith the operationof one of the tntck8 In the oonvoy, but it doer not follow that a private soldierwould be oxowed by such nn order fram the 00n8eipe~e8 of neglimnoo in m oth&r@rpeot tbma the vi0lafion of the ordinanoe. a8 65 eamGlZ35Ilure to alow dqm or 8&p if h&k&t to have forO8bsn-tbt there ~a8 danger of a cgllI8Ion,and that an order to dlsreyard li&bt8 would not bogquivalent to an order to drive reckler8lyor to 0OnditIm8 other ulan li&ht8,and to the truok driver beyond it8Hon. A. El Fnickerbboker

Truat~ that thQ t1ona,we are