SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-3198-16T3

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

CANDIDO MAYAS,

Defendant-Appellant.

_________________________

Submitted December 19, 2018 – Decided 

Before Judges Currier and Mayer.

On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law 

Division, Cumberland County, Indictment No. 06-02-

0132.

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for 

appellant (Anthony J. Vecchio, Designated Counsel, on 

the brief).

Jennifer Webb-McRae, Cumberland County Prosecutor, 

attorney for respondent (Danielle Pennino, Assistant 

Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the 

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

January 16, 2019
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Defendant appeals from a February 27, 2017 order denying his petition 

for post-conviction relief (PCR) after an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.

The facts leading to defendant's conviction are straightforward. 

Defendant was a rear seat passenger in a car driven by co-defendant, Daniel 

Rivera.1 The police stopped Rivera's car for having defective tail lights. The 

police officers found three firearms in plain view in the car. Defendant, Rivera, 

and two other passengers were then arrested.

Rivera pled guilty to possessing the guns and eluding the police. During 

the plea colloquy, Rivera stated he was driving a rented car, the guns belonged 

to him, and defendant did not know the guns were in the car.

Defendant elected to proceed to trial. Rivera was not called as a witness 

at defendant's trial. Instead, defense counsel presented a stipulation, advising

the jury Rivera pled guilty to possessing the guns found in Rivera's rental car.

The jury convicted defendant of three counts of third-degree possession 

of a weapon, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b), and three counts of second-degree certain 

persons not to have firearms, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-7(b). The court sentenced 

defendant to an aggregate twenty-year term of imprisonment with a ten-year

parole ineligibility period.

 

1

 Rivera is also defendant's cousin.
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Defendant filed a direct appeal, and we affirmed the conviction but 

reversed and remanded the matter for resentencing. State v. Mayas, No. A-2227-

07 (App. Div. July 29, 2011). The New Jersey Supreme Court denied 

defendant's petition for certification on January 13, 2012. State v. Mayas, 209 

N.J. 97 (2012).

Defendant filed a PCR petition on May 30, 2012. On June 10, 2014, 

without conducting an evidentiary hearing, the PCR judge denied the petition, 

and defendant appealed. We reversed and remanded the matter for an 

evidentiary hearing before a different PCR judge. State v. Mayas, No. A-1310-

14 (App. Div. June 22, 2016).

An evidentiary hearing on defendant's PCR application was held on 

December 19, 2016. Defendant's trial counsel and Rivera testified. Trial 

counsel testified he did not believe Rivera was a credible witness following 

Rivera's plea hearing. According to trial counsel, Rivera could not describe the 

guns or explain how the guns operated. Defendant's trial attorney found Rivera's 

testimony either contradicted, or was not contained in, the discovery related to 

defendant's charges. According to defendant's trial counsel, Rivera would have 

had to contradict his plea testimony to help defendant's case. In addition,

counsel believed a jury was likely to find Rivera biased because he was 
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defendant's cousin and the two men had a close relationship. Counsel told the 

PCR judge that interviewing Rivera prior to trial would not have changed his 

opinion because the stipulation regarding Rivera's plea to possession of the 

weapons was preferable to calling a witness who lacked credibility. Defendant's 

trial counsel also believed the State failed to present sufficient evidence for the 

jury to find defendant knew there were guns in the car.

Rivera was sequestered during the PCR evidentiary hearing and did not 

hear the testimony offered by defendant's trial counsel. Rivera explained, while 

he is defendant's cousin, defendant is "like a brother" and Rivera would help 

defendant in "any way."

Rivera was unable to recall the statements he made during his plea 

colloquy. At the PCR evidentiary hearing, Rivera testified he purchased three 

weapons one week prior to being arrested and none of the co-defendants knew 

the guns were in the car. Rivera further explained the guns were located in a 

bag inside the car. However, Rivera's PCR hearing testimony contradicted his 

plea hearing testimony and the information in the arrest report.

In denying defendant's PCR petition, the trial judge cited Rivera's lack of 

credibility, conflicting testimony, and close relationship with defendant,

concluding the decision against calling Rivera as a witness at defendant's trial 
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was a "reasonable strategic decision based on all of the information that trial 

counsel possessed and could have possessed as a result of an interview [of 

Rivera]." The judge determined it was not "reasonably probable" the outcome 

of the trial would have been different due to Rivera's conflicting testimony and 

lack of credibility.

On appeal, defendant argues his trial counsel was ineffective because he 

did not interview Rivera prior to trial or call him to testify during trial. 

Specifically, defendant raises the following arguments:

DEFENDANT WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE 

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL BOTH BEFORE AND 

DURING HIS TRIAL.

A. Trial counsel failed to conduct an adequate pretrial investigation.

B. Trial counsel was ineffective in failing to call 

Daniel Rivera to testify at defendant's trial.

We defer to the trial court's factual findings made after an evidentiary hearing 

on a petition for PCR. State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 540 (2013). We uphold the PCR 

court's findings if they are "supported by sufficient credible evidence in the record." 

Ibid. A PCR petitioner must establish the grounds for relief by a preponderance of 

the credible evidence. State v. Goodwin, 173 N.J. 583, 593 (2002).
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To establish a prima facie claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a 

convicted defendant must satisfy a two-part test, demonstrating that: (1) counsel's 

performance was deficient, and (2) the deficient performance actually prejudiced the 

accused's defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 682 (1984); see also

State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987). In demonstrating the likelihood of succeeding 

under the Strickland/Fritz test, a defendant "must do more than make bald 

assertions[,] . . . [and] must allege facts sufficient to demonstrate counsel's alleged 

substandard performance." State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div. 

1999).

In reviewing ineffective assistance claims, courts apply a strong presumption 

that a defendant's trial counsel "rendered adequate assistance and made all 

significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment." 

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690. "[C]omplaints 'merely of matters of trial strategy' will 

not serve to ground a constitutional claim of inadequacy." Fritz, 105 N.J. at 54

(quoting State v. Williams, 39 N.J. 471, 489 (1963)).

Courts defer to a trial counsel's decisions regarding the calling of

witnesses to testify during trial. State v. Arthur, 184 N.J. 307, 321 (2005); see 

also State v. Pierre, 223 N.J. 560, 579 (2015) (recognizing the difficulty of 

determining which witnesses to call and holding a court should defer to a defense 
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counsel's decision whether to call a witness). "Determining which witnesses to 

call . . . is one of the most difficult strategic decisions that any trial attorney 

must confront . . . [t]herefore . . . a court's review of such a decision should be 

'highly deferential.'" Arthur, 184 N.J. at 320–21 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. 

at 689)).

Here, defendant's trial counsel made appropriate strategy decisions and 

tactical judgments in presenting a defense. Trial counsel's determination that 

Rivera lacked credibility is supported by the record. Rivera's familial and close 

relationship with defendant also raised the issue of bias, which would likely 

have had a negative impact on defendant's case. Trial counsel further believed 

presenting a stipulation to the jury regarding Rivera's plea to possession of the 

weapons was sufficient to overcome the State's proofs against defendant.

Based on our review of the record, we are satisfied defendant's claim of 

ineffective assistance of counsel is without merit. The decisions made by trial 

counsel were an exercise of sound judgment and reasonable trial strategy. See

Arthur, 184 N.J. at 332-33. The mere fact that a trial strategy failed does not 

establish a constitutional claim of inadequacy. Fritz, 105 N.J. at 54.

Affirmed.