NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

—ro-p-sEefer-T-- 

DORIA N mostigum puns 

14 _ 

Handle via the Byeman Control System only 

MANNED ORBITING LABORATORY 

PROGRAM PLAN 

VOLUME 1 of 2 

TOP SECRET 

DORIAN 
NRO APPROVED FOR HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 SECRET 

VOLUME]. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Preface 

Glossary of Abbreviations 

Figure a. Orbiting Vehicle Sketch 

Section I - System Development/Operating Concepts 

• 

Page Number 

5 

14 

17 

Part 1. - System Description 

A. Program Objective 18 

B. Development Flight Test Objectives • • • • • 18 

C. Operating Concept 19 

D. System Description # • • 20. 

E. System Growth Studies # • • 23 

Part 2. - MOL Contractor Responsibilities and 

Factory-tei-Pad Operation 

A. Basic MOL Contractor Structure 25 

B. Contractors Roles and Responsibilities 

for Mission Hardware 25 

DORIAN 

Figure I-1 Laboratory Vehicle Ground 

Flow 35 

Figure 1-2 Manned/Automatic Ground 

Flow at GE 36 

Figure 1-3 Manned/Automatic Ground 

Flow at EEC 37 

Figure 4 Manned/Automatic Ground 

Flow at DAC 38 

Figure 5 Manned/Automatic Ground 

Flow at YAM 39 

Part 3. - Master Program Schedule 40 

Figure 1-6 41 

Part 4: - Program Funding Summary 42 

Figure 1-7 43' 

Page / of // ?pages 

Copy of copies 

SAM BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL.` SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 -SEOREF--- 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY. 

Page Number 

Section II - Mission Operations 

Part 1. - Operating Description 

A. General 44 

B. Roles and Responsibilities of Government 

Groups 44 

C. MCI, Peculiar Support Tasks 48 

D. Mission Enhancement Support 56 

Part 2. - Mission Operations Activities Schedule . 61 

Figure II-1 62 

Part 3. - Mission Operations Funding Requirements 63 

Figure 11-2 64 

Section III - Facilities 

Part 1. - General Description 

A. General 65 

B. Launch Complex 66 

C. Operational Training and Evaluation Facility 67 

D. Operational Readiness Unit 68 

E. Support Building 69 

F. Operating Concept 70 

Part 2. Facilities Schedule 71 

Figure III-1 72 

Part 3. Support Facilities Funding Requirements. . 73 

Figure 111-2 74 

Section IV - Program Management 

Part 1. - Government 

A. Introduction 75 

B. Reference 75 

C. Objectives 76 

DORIAN Page 2% ofiapages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL" SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

(74 ilt4yrg HANDLE Vid BYEMAN 

CONTROL:, SYSTEM ONLY 

Page Number 

D. Management Responsibilities 

E. GSE/TD Role of Aerospace . 

Part 2. - MOL Management Organization 

Figure IV-1 

Section V - Advanced Studies and Technology 

Part 1. - Scope 

A. Objectives 

B. Advanced Studies 

87 

88 

C. Advanced Technology 93 

Part 2. - Schedule • 96 

Figure V-1 97 

Part 3. - Funding Requirements • • '• 98 

Figure V-2 99 

Section VI - Manpower 

Will be furnished at a later date. 

Section VII - Astronaut Training 

Part 1. - Flight Crew Training 

A. Phase Description 101 

B. General . . 103 

Part 2. - Training Phase Sequence 

Figure VII-1 106 

Section VIII - Logistic Support 

Will be furnished at a later date. 107 

DORIAN Page 3 Offh?pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA 13YEMA ■ , 

coNTROC,syeTEm ONLY 

77 

84 

100 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

Page Number 

Section IX - Security and Information 

Part 1. - General 

A. Purpose 

B. References 

Part 2..- Security 

108 

108 

A. Security Responsibility 110 

B. Level of Information 111 

C. Security Controls of Work Areas 111 

D. Special Clearance Action 111 

E. Classification of Information 113 

F. Release of MOL Classified Information . . 114 

Part 3. - Information 

A. Objective and Policy Background 115 

B. Responsibilities 115 

-DORIAN Page 4/ of//epages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HAN DCE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 
T

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

June 15, 1967 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMA1 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

PREFACE 

In a June 29, 1965 memorandum to the Secretary of Defense, the 

Secretary of the Air Force proposed a redefined Manned Orbiting 

Laboratory (MOL) Program aimed principally at achieving very high 

resolution photography of significant targets. Specifically, in that 

memorandum, the SAF requested early approval to enter into a MOL 

Program Contract Definition Phase. Approval was subsequently given, 

and publicly announced by the President in August 1965 with no 

reference, however, to a reconnaissance mission objective. 

This Program Plan presents a description of the MOL Program which 

has evolved from the Contract Definition Phase and engineering development activities to date. Volume I describes the overall MOL Program 

in terms of development objectives, operational concepts, fund requirements, schedules, facilities, training, etc. Volume II presents, 

in considerably more detail, technical descriptions, schedules, and 

fund requirements of the major system segments. 

Program Objectives 

The principal objective of the MOL Program is the development and 

early demonstration of an operationally useful, high resolution, optical 

reconnaissance system capable of achieving ground 

resolution photography. The MOL Development Program will yield both 

manned and unmanned versions of this reconnaissance system. These are 

DORIAN 

Paged-of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

NOLE VIA BYEIVII-tiv 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

'CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN Page4; of Pages 

Copy of Copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

NRO APPROVED FOR SECRET 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

DORIAN 

HANDLE WA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

hereafter referred to as the manned/automatic and automatic versions 

respectively. The manned/automatic system will provide the crew the 

option of operating in manual, automatic, or combined manual/automatic 

modes. 

The development and demonstration of other military applications 

of MOL such as SIGINT is a secondary objective. Provisions for the 

introduction of such capabilities, both in the form of supporting 

experiments and full-scale demonstrations, will be given appropriate 

consideration in the design of the basic system, but will not be 

allowed to compromise the primary objective. 

Accommodation of other DOD and NASA scientific and technological 

experiments is a tertiary objective. Experimental programs of significance and value will be pursued throughout the MOL Program on a noninterference basis with the* principal military objectives. Priority 

will be given to those experiments which support the investigation 

of the utility of military manned space flight. 

Presently, virtually the entire capacity of the MOL vehicle is 

utilized for the accomplishment of the primary objective and no 

secondary or tertiary experiments are planned in the basic development 

program. Studies in the area of secondary experiments are being 

undertaken for possible inclusion in future flights and, in addition, 

discussions are being held with NASA regarding the use of MOL for 

scientific experimentation. 

SECRET 
DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

.44r I7r'sc? ett_ NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

The MOL Program, however, plans to take maximum advantage of a 

possible early 1969 flight of NASA's Apollo Orbital Workshop to gain 

additional preliminary knowledge on man-system integration for the 

MOL Laboratory Module. As part of a series of DOD experiments in this 

portion of the Apollo Applications Program, it is planned to establish 

crew mobility and restraint methods for the MOL free volume in the 

pressurized Lab Module, to evaluate the design of the MOL sleep station, 

to demonstrate the zero-G self-donning capability of the MOL space 

suit, and possibly to investigate on-orbit maintenance procedures 

(probably using a molecular sieve unit from the MOL life support 

system). 

Prior Activities 

Approximately $108 million was released during the contract 

definition period which extended from Presidential announcement in 

August 1965, to September 1, 1966, after which funds began to be 

obligated to protect program schedules and objectives. These latter 

funds were applied for engineering definition of the major system 

segments and in the case of Eastman Kodak and the T-IIIM, for hardware development, procurement of long lead items, and construction 

of industrial facilities associated with the acquisition of the DORIAN 

payload. Also, a completely successful Gemini B heat shield flight 

test was conducted on 3 November 1966, using a refurbished Gemini 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN Pagel of pages 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

SECRET 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIAlifferi 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

spacecraft. The purpose of the test was to obtain early engineering 

data on. the ability of a heat shield with an integral hatch to withstand the reentry environment. The test was conducted on the Eastern 

Test Range using Titan IIIC R&D vehicle #9. Also included in the 

flight, as a secondary objective, was a simulated MOL laboratory 

test structure. 

A number of important technical decisions in program content and 

concept occurred during the Phase I Definition. The program, as 

envisaged in June 1965, consisted of nine launches (two unmanned and 

seven manned) from the Western Test Range. The two unmanned development launches were scheduled as an early test of system hardware, 

exclusive of optical sensor equipment (the critical pacing item in 

the original schedule that projected .a first manned flight in late 

1968). The original planning was structured to provide a semioperational capability at the earliest possible date, and would have 

required the initiation of Phase II engineering development at the 

beginning of calendar year 1966. Based on this planning data, the 

total cost of the development program'was then estimated at $1.5 

billion. 

During the detailed appraisal of optical payload development lead 

times in the Contract Definition Phase, plus the development of 

integrated test and checkout schedules in 1966/67, it became apparent 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAL' 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY Page S of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
Lo 

NROAPPROVEDFOR HANDLE VIA BYEiviiiN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN 

that time-extension revisions in the overall program schedule were 

necessary. The first manned flight, which now includes a fully 

qualified DORIAN payload, presently is scheduled for December 1970 

Current Program Status 

To accomplish the primary MDL objective, a development program 

of seven launches currently is approved. The first manned reconnaissance system flight (MOL Flt 3) in December 1970 will be preceded 

by two unmanned flights in April and June 1970 for the purposes of 

qualifying the Gemini B spacecraft, the Titan IIIM man-rated booster, 

and the Orbiting Vehicle structure. The final two of the planned 

five reconnaissance payload flights, scheduled for October 1971 and 

January 1972, will operate in the fully automatic (unmanned) mode. 

This schedule provides operationally useful information at the 

earliest practical date in consideration of system and sensor development, and resourcesavailability, and should provide. an increasing 

quality and quantity of mission data as the flight test program matures. 

The configuration selected for the MDL system to accomplish an early 

manned demonstration of high resolution optics utilizes: existing flight 

and ground system hardware and capabilities from DOD and NASA inventories 

to the maximum extent possible. An optimized selection has been made 

after thorough examination, during the Definition Phase, of the many 

alternatives' and trade-offs of subsystem and components developed and 

tested in other manned and unmanned space systems. Extended life 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN clonmpor SYSTEM ONLY 

Page 5 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

--naaErr 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE vIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN 

capability will be achieved through minimum modification of existing 

systems by means of redundancy, spares, or modest product improvement, 

with a minimum of new subsystems or components developed. The Air Force, 

throughout the Definition Phase, insisted that the contractors be con- 

' tinuallY. conscious of cost effectiveness in their design definition. 

No contingency funds have been included in the program to allow for 

uncertainties which normally are encountered in a development program. 

However, program cost estimates are based primarily on negotiated 

contract costs and contractor proposal's for the schedule described 

in Section I. Deferred and change item cost estimates, where negotiations have not yet been completed, are based.on comprehensive anaylses 

made with the contractors on the basis of detailed specifications 

furnished by the Air Force. 

Total Program Cost Estimate 

Program definition resulted not only in a better understanding of, 

and confidence in the technical and schedule baselines but also established 

a much higher degree of accuracy in total program cost estimates. The 

Engineering Development Program as now defined and recommended is 

estimated at $2.35 billion, as detailed in Section I. 

The increase in the engineering development cost estimate, over 

that submitted to the Secretary of Defense in June 1965, is due primarily to detailed program definition, some increase in program scope, 

and a longer period than originally alloCated for development and test. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEIVIAc, 

ttNmnou SYSTEM ONLY 

Page /t) of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

a yarn 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN 

In addition to schedule adjustments required to accommodate 

increased development and test time, guidance received during the 

definition period from the Panel on Reconnaissance of the President's 

Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) resulted in certain changes to the 

initial MOL configuration. Specifically, the requirement that the 

reconnaissance system provide the option to be operated in either a 

manned/automatic or an automatic (unmanned) mode was incorporated 

into the basic MOL system specification. Contractors' roles and 

responsibilities include this dual mode as an integral part of the 

development program. The program is currently planned so that the 

final two of the seven scheduled launches will be flown in the automatic mode. All launches will use the seven-segment 120-inch diameter 

solid rocket motor- Titan III with certain improvements to the airframe 

and liquid rocket engine to meet the MOL payload requirements. The 

inclusion of General Electric as a major participating associate 

contractor is another change which was either unforeseen or not fully 

understood at the initiation of program definition. 

Such changes, together with the actual negotiated contract costs, 

cost of living increases, and more realistic estimating of program 

deferrals have all contributed to the program cost increase. 

The capability to have intermediate delivery of reconnaissance 

data was initially included in the baseline program. This was to be 

accomplished by a Wideband Data Readout System and/or a Data Return 

DORIAN Page / of pages 

Copy of copies 

7-IANDLE VIA BYENIAIV SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

-C-0.NTI,2012 SYSTEM ONL:i 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 P-7,"iirrk? 

, 2.111La HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

D3RIAN 

Vehicle (ballistic reentry capsule) that would permit mid-flight 

return of approximately 60 pounds of film. These capabilities have 

been deferred both because of an apparent lack of interest on the part 

of potential users and in order to reduce early year funding requirements; however, the laboratory will include space, weight and power 

provisions sufficient to accommodate these capabilities should the 

decision be made at a later date to proceed with their development and 

test. 

Summary 

The MOL Program, as defined in this plan, will provide: first, a 

semi-operational intelligence collection capability which will photograph significant targets at resolution.; second, 

knowledge of man's essential and/or worthwhile contributions to very 

high resolution reconnaissance photography from space; third, the 

technology, fundamental subsystem hardware, and system designs for a 

satellite reconnaissance system which could achieve resolutions 

and fourth, an orbital facility 

to determine the utility of man in space for military purposes, and to 

develop and test out other potential military mission applications 

as they become apparent. 

The technical feasibility of the MOL system has been affirmed by 

studies and test demonstrations. Areas of apparent technical concern 

have been analyzed in depth, and appropriate early attention is being 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/2, of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

2 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 SECRET HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

focused on them. The current baseline schedule represents a balanced 

orderly progression of development toward the earliest possible useful 

military space capability consistent with anticipated fund availability. 

There is confidence, therefore, in the MOL Program Office that the 

MOL system will meet or better its performance goals in the time frame 

estimated and within the overall cost projection 

JAMES FERGUSON 

General, USAF 

Director, MOL Program 

DOR_TAN Page /3 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAYS', BYE 21170-67 

tai A ik.1”.1 ■•• • TC■ 01••■ • 11 • 
R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

mAN:.)LE VIA E5Yrivi,,. 

CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY 

Glossary 

of 

Frequently-Used Abbreviations 

ACTS Attitude Control & Translation Subsystem (Laboratory 

Vehicle). 

ADS Advanced Data System. 

ANE Aerospace Medical Division, Air Force Systems Command. 

ASTEG All Systems Test Equipment Group. Douglas nomenclature 

for automated checkout equipment. 

ATP Authority to Proceed. Baseline date for initiation of 

Phase II; Sept 1, 1966. 

ATS Acquisition and Tracking Subsystem. 

CDR • Critical Design Review. 

Computer Integrated Test Equipment. G.E. nomenclature 

for automated checkout equipment. 

• Camera-Optical Assembly. Camera and lens barrel with 

optical elements, less tracking mirror. 

Data Recovery Capsule. Film container in Gemini. 

DRV Data Recovery Vehicle. Ejectable film return reentry 

vehicle. 

EC/LS Environmental Control/Life Support Subsystem (Laboratory 

Vehicle). 

EDCTU Electronic Development Compatibility Test Unit. Douglas 

electrical/electronic Lab Vehicle mock-up. 

FACI First Article Configuration Inspection. 

1 

1 

CITE 

1 COA 

DRC 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/i4of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

GBPS Gemini B Procedures Simulator. 

GBQ Gemini B Qualification Vehicle. First flight article. 

IMU Inertial Measuring Unit. 

LCC Launch Control Center, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. 

LM Laboratory Module. See Figure a. 

LMQTV Laboratory Module Qualification Test Vehicle. 

LV Laboratory Vehicle. See Figure a. 

MCC Mission Control Center, Sunnyvale, California. 

MDAU - Mission Data Adapter Unit. Electronic interface between 

Mission Payload and LV Data Management Subsystem. 

MGC - Missile Guidance Computer (Titan IIIM). 

MM Mission Module. See Figure a. 

MMAS - Mission Module Aft Section. See Figure a. 

NNFS Mission Module Forward Section. See Figure a. 

MPSS. Mission Payload System Segment. 

GAMS Orbit Attitude & Maneuvering System (Gemini). 

OTIth - Operational Test and Evaluation Facility. 

OV Orbiting Vehicle. See Figure a. 

PCM - Pulse Code Modulation. 

PDR Preliminary Design Review. 

PSA Pressure Suit Assembly. 

PSIA Production Systems Integration Area. Douglas nomenclature 

for assembly area in Huntington Beach facility. 

RTS - Remote Tracking Station. 

DORIAN Page /Cot pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 
1 

DORIAN Page/Cof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

N RO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

• HANZLE VIA BYEIVIAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLII 

SCF Satellite Control Facility. 

SGLS Space - Ground Link Subsystem. 

SM Support Module. Replaces Gemini B in unmanned 

MOL configuration. 

STC Satellite Test Center, Sunnyvale, California. 

TM Tracking Mirror. 

TVC Thrust Vector Control (Titan IIIM). 

VAFB Vandenberg Air Force Base. 

DLE VIA BYEiVIAN 

cc.,!7Rot: SYSTEM ONLY. 

I 
l-1nL, yin 

RtO APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CONTROt SYSTEM ONLY 

• i;„a '••-• 

lv 

4 C 

LO 0 

a 

0 

ORBITING 

VEHIC

LE 

DORIAN 

Page /7 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

Inrn7.17 NA-No YEIVIAN 

tiONTROD SYSTEM ONLY 

T T 
1

R0 APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

ivJy HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

SECTION I - SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/OPERATING CONCEPTS 

Part 1 - System Description 

A. Program Objective 

The objective of the high resolution MOL photographic reconnaissance system is to acquire photographs of significant targets of 

denied areas in both manned and automatic modes, with at least 

ground resolution in the manned mode, and as close to 

as possible in the automatic mode. 

B. Development Flight Test Objectives 

The objectives of the flight program, listed in general order 

of priority, are: 

1. To demonstrate in semi-operational use the ability of the 

MOL high resolution photographic reconnaissance system to acquire 

photographs of significant targets in both manned and automatic modes, 

achieving the highest possible ground resolution in all modes and ' 

operating conditions. 

2. To acquire quantitative data which will permit assessment 

of the nature and value of the significant contributions of man in 

increasing the quantity and quality of photography obtained. 

3. To demonstrate a 30-day capability to perform the mission 

cited in 1, above. 

Page/ of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA 1.3YEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

1 
N1O APPROVED FOR 

RLEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

4. To obtain data which will permit valid assessment of the 

military worth of other possible manned or unmanned missions in space, 

e.g., crisis surveillance, etc. 

5. To obtain quantitative data concerning optical' technology 

and design for advanced systems which could provide photography with 

ground resolution • 

6. To conduct experiments which will contribute to the 

improvement of military space technology and to collect bioastronautic 

data for longer duration missions. 

7. To obtain quantitative data which measures the effectiveness of manned versus automatic modes of operation in the achievement 

of basic and secondary objectives. 

C. Operating Concept 

The photographic system will be launched from the WTR into 

a nominal orbit of 80 NM perigee (at 55 degrees N. Latitude) and 

180 NM apogee, with an orbital inclination of 90 degrees, to permit 

maximum target coverage under appropriate solar illumination conditions. 

The MOL System will be capable of performing high resolution 

optical reconnaissance missions of at least 30 days duration in either 

a manned mode with a 2-man flight crew, or up to 42 days in an unmanned 

mode. Provisions will be made in the design to allow the option of• 

increasing the unmanned mode operating time to 60i days. As a design 

objective, the philosophy in terms of redundant systems and back-up 

modes shall be that no single failure shall cause a mission abort, or 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL'. SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/qof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

a.47.71 r'; 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

N1O APPROVED FOR CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

RLEASE 1 JULY 2015 

if an abort occurs, no single failure shall be fatal'to either or 

both crew members. In addition, every effort will be made to maximize 

the probability of recovering the crew even if they are incapacitated. 

Maximum use will be made of existing man-rated subsystems, 

components and facilities. Extended life capability will be pursued 

through minimum modification of existing systems by means of redundancy, 

spares, maintainability or product improvement. Only if these approaches

are unsatisfactory will new subsystems or components be developed. 

Adequate mission program schedule assurance will be provided by back- 

] 

up systems which could be introduced as primary systems later in the 

program to aid in any second generation growth. 

D. System Description - 

' 

The major elements comprising the MOL System include the 

Gemini B 

Support Module (replaces Gemini B in unmanned mode) 

Laboratory Module 

Mission Module 

Flight Crew and Crew Equipment 

Launch Vehicle 

Test Operations 

Facilities 

Each of these major elements consists of a number of subsystems, 

including the necessary AGE and support personnel. The Gemini B, 

Laboratory Module, and the Mission Module form: the Orbiting Vehicle 

DORIAN 0 Page24of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

1 

HANDLE VIA BYENIAA 7017) CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 
VIA BIENAN 1

ROAPPROVEDFOR CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 -- 

which is launched as an integral unit and will function, in orbit 

for at least 30 days. 

The Gemini His derived from the basic NASA Gemini spacecraft. 

It will provide crew support, protection and transportation for two 

crewmen during ascent and re-entry, and will be capable of supporting 

two crewmen, and being otherwise autonomous for a sufficient time 

after separation from the orbiting laboratory, to achieve a controlled 

re-entry and water landing at the pre-designated landing area. The 

Gemini B will be capable of returning the crew film, and experimental 

data to earth when desired. 

The Laboratory Module will provide crew and mission support 

during the entire orbital flight. phase. It will carry all the necessary 

subsystems for the safe and efficient autonomous operation of the Orbiting 

Vehicle. It will provide support for quiescent storage of the Gemini B, 

and supply functions such as power and command and control to the Mission 

Payload System Segment. 

The Mission Payload System Segment (MPSS) is composed of a 

Photographic System and the subsystems_necessary forlits. control.and 

dynamics. The subsystems are located in the Laboratory Module or the 

Mission Module depending on the specific function involved. 

The General Electric Company is responsible for the overall 

integration of the MPSS and the control hardware for the interface 

between the Douglas Laboratory.Module System Segment, and the Eastman 

Kodak main optical system and camara (Photographic System). 

DORIAN PageZ/of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL'. SYSTEM ONLY, 

1 . 1 

tjU 
.,t1 1/4 _ t,, HANDLE VIA BYENAN 

i

R0 APPROVED FOR CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY. 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

The Photographic System for the initial MOL development 

program will be a focal length camera-optical system having 

1 

a 70-inch aperture and capable of providing a ground resolution of at 

least from an altitude of 80 nautical miles. 

The camera-optical system will have the capability of being 

manually operated by man, but will also be designed so as to function 

in an automatic mode. Automatic systems for navigation, camera pointing, 

tracking and focusing, cross format image motion compensation and onorbit optical alignment will be developed to realize the fullest 

potential of the optics during unmanned automatic operations and to 

enhance performance during manned operations. Provision for manual 

supervision and override will be. incorporated in the automatic mode 

of the manned/automatic configuration. 

A capability to accommodate a Wideband Data Readout System 

and a Data Return Vehicle will be preserved by including the necessary 

space, weight, power, and environmental control requirements in the 

1 basic spacecraft design. 

The flight crew will be highly proficient in all activities 

related to the 30-day MOL flight profile. During the pre-flight training, 

in addition to developing spacecraft control skills, particular emphasis 

will be placed on achievement of a high state of crew proficiency in 

operating the primary MOL mission payload. 

The basic MOL Launch Vehicle will be a Titan III capable of 

inserting a total orbiting vehicle weight of at least 31,325 pounds 

DORIAN Page2Zof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY, 
iLEASE 1 JULY 2015 

0 APPROVED FOR 

1 

-1 

into an elliptical orbit with an 80 NM perigee (at 55 degrees N. Latitude) 

and 180 NM apogee, at a 90 degree inclination launch from the Western 

Test Range. 

Mission control will be exercised through the Satellite Test 

Center (STC) of the Satellite Control Facility (SCF). MOL on-orbit 

support will be achieved with SCF tracking stations, augmented as 

required. 

units and specialist teams in such quantities and at such locations as 

are necessary. It is anticipated that these forces will be provided 

from existing Government resources for the most part. 

E. System Growth Studies 

In system growth studies, a modest and continuing effort will 

be made to define sensor systems which use advanced techniques such as 

lightweight mirror technology, new materials advanced optical designs, 

and optical mirror figure control on orbit. These studies will be 

with basic MOL hardware. The potential for extending the normal 

directed principally to technology, techniques and systems compatible 

system operating capability to durations of 60 days or more using the 

same basic system elements will be explored. Although a 60-day lifetime capability requirement is not currently part of the Phase II MOL 

development program, such growth is expected to be readily achievable 

in the future if the need arises. Although the initial MOL System 

The recovery forces will be comprised of sea, land, and air 

ri CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

n^smui-= VIA 1.;02.'d1 

capability in the manned configuration will be based on integral launches 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

rc, 

Page0of Pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
t

RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

coNTRoc SYSTEM ONLY 

of the entire on-orbit spacecraft, the application of rendezvous 

techniques will not be precluded in growth considerations. 

Systems growth studies will be accomplished subject to the 

availability of funds only after baseline requirements have been 

satisfied. 

DORIAN PageZqof pages 

Copy of copies 

WANDLC VIA SAFSL BYE 21170-67 BYEMAN 

■CONTROCSYSTEM ONLY 

1 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAL 

tONT'ROC SYSTEM ONLY N 

R 

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

1 

I 

Part 2 - MOL Contractor Responsibilities and Factory-To-Pad Operation 

A. Basic MOL ContraCtor Structure 

The MOL system will be designed and produced by five major 

associate contractors whose responsibilities are as follows: 

1. Douglas Aircraft Company* - Laboratory Vehicle and Support 

Module Design and Fabrication and Orbiting Vehicle System Integration. 

2. General Electric Company - Mission Payload System Segment 

Integration and Selected Subsystem Hardware Developments. 

3. Eastman Kodak Company - Photographic System. 

4. McDonnell Company* - Gemini B. 

5. Martin Marietta Corporation and Associates - Titan IIIM 

Launch Vehicle, and Launch Pad Operations.- 

Additional support tasks and lesser subsystems are handled by 

Government groups or support contractors. The specific tasks of the 

associate contractors, particularly in areas of close interrelationship 

with their associates, are discussed in some detail below. 

B. Contractors' Roles and Responsibilities for Mission Hardware 

1. Specific Responsibilities 

Responsibilities for the Mission Payload System Segment 

have been established as follows: 

a. GE will provide the on-orbit design requirements for 

the Mission Module structure. DAC will-be responsible for preparation 

* The Douglas and McDonnell Companies have been merged into the 

McDonnell Douglas Corporation. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

t'ONMROD SYSTEM ONLY 404 rfl tr...-• 

;49 

PageZSOf pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

and release of fabrication drawings and construction of the Mission 

Module structure in two separable sections, Forward and Aft. 

b. The structure for the Camera-Optical Assembly (COA) 

will be separate from the Mission Module structure and will be contracted 

for, and installed by EKC in the Mission Module Aft Section. GE is 

responsible for the dynamic performance and analysis of the Mission 

Payload System Segment. 

c. The support structure for the tracking mirror drive 

will be furnished and installed by GE in the Mission Module Forward 

Section. 

d. GE will furnish and install the tracking mirror drive. 

This includes the gimbals, bearings and servo drive motors. GE will 

.also furnish and install the necessary tracking mirror control hardwaie 

and software, with the exception of the airborne computer which will 

be furnished by DAC. GE will integrate the Image Velocity Sensor and 

provide and integrate the tracking mirror control hardware which includes 

those instruments required for accurate positioning information such 

as the star tracker subsystem, drag accelerometer, rate gyro package, 

and the instrumentation to measure angUlar displacement between the lens 

barrel and the structure for the tracking mirror drive. GE will also 

provide the reconnaissance system control consoles. 

e. The Acquisition and Tracking System (A2B) including 

the control hardware and airborne computer software will be furnished 

by GE. 

D OBIAN Page2.6of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

COT TROE SYSTEM ONLY 
HANDLE VIA BYELIAN 

CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

f. EKC will provide the mounts and locks for the main 

lens barrel and Ross corrector barrel. The connection between the 

Ross corrector barrel and the Laboratory Module pressure bulkhead will 

be provided by DAC. 

E. EKC will provide the necessary insulation, heaters 

and control devices to maintain the main lens barrel and Ross corrector 

barrel within the required temperature range. 

h. GE will provide all necessary insulation, heaters 

and control devices in the Mission Module Forward Section to maintain 

the tracking mirror within the required temperature range. Environmental control doors and the servo mechanisms required for control of 

thermal flux on the tracking mirror during photographic periods will 

be furnished by GE. 

DAC will provide the basic DC electrical power source 

and GE will be responsible for receiving, controlling and distributing 

the electrical power for the Mission Payload System Segment. 

2. Ground Flow Philosophy 

Ground flow processing of system hardware and software is 

based on a factory-to-pad concept which provides a coordinated assembly, 

test, and handling plan for delivering flight-ready hardware. The key 

features of the factory-to-pad concept are as follows: 

a. Balanced and integrated testing at GE/EKC/DAC/VAFB. 

b. Direct comparison of Mission Profile Test results at 

GE/EKC/DAC/VAFB. 

DORIAN Page2:7of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

'CONTROL'. SYSTEM ONLY 

2 
R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA B YEMAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

1 

1 

1 i 

1 

c. Use of command and telemetry link during acceptance 

and pre-launch tests. 

d. Identical AGE design for factory and field checkout 

tests. 

e. Minimized handling and transfer. 

f. Malfunction isolation to the component level. 

g. Component replacement capability on the pad. 

3. Vehicle Processing Requirements and Integration 

The preparation of the MOL system for launch involves the 

assembly and test of a number of MOL system segments. To enhance the 

probability of a successful mission operation, comprehensive testing 

will be conducted on the ground. The test program includes the 

participation of all pre-launch, launch and orbiting systems, and 

support elements. 

The Mission Payload System Segment flight vehicle hardware 

provided by GE is assembled (including installation of components in 

the Mission Module Forward Section) and tested at the contractor's 

plant. Then the Payload Consoles go to DAC for assembly into the 

Laboratory Module. The Mission Module Forward Section is shipped to 

EKC, combined with the Aft Section and tested. The Mission Module is 

then mated with the Laboratory Module at DAC, Huntington Beach. Upon 

completion of integration and acceptance tests at DAC, the Laboratory 

Vehicle is shipped to VAFB. Here it. is mated with the Titan III and 

DORIAN Pagel.$ of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE 

t'oNtrgein 

VIA BYEMApi 

SYSTEM ONLY 

.1.01,..11601111MINIGIMOMMISIGNINCIr" 
HANDLE VIA BYEIvIAN 

CONTROL! SYSTEM ONLY R1

0 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Gemini B, pre-launch tested and launched. Baseline equipment flows 

have been established for both the manned and the unmanned modes. 

These systems flow plans are described below. 

4. Manned System Flo** Plan (Mission Payload) 

The manned system flow consists of the following individual 

elements: 

a. GE AVE assembly and test at GE/Valley Forge. 

b. Payload (less Mission Payload Consoles) integration at EKC. 

c. Mission Payload Consoles/Laboratory Module integration 

at DAC, followed by Laboratory Module/Mission Module integration. 

d. Pad cycle at VAFB. 

A simplified block diagram of the complete manned mission 

payload system ground flow showing the major functions at GE/Valley . 

Forge, EKC, DAC, and VAFB is shown in Figure I-1. 

5. System Flow at General Electric 

System flow at GE starts with final assembly and terminates 

with the shipment of the Mission Module Foreword Section to EKC. The 

operations to be performed at GE are shown in Figure 1-2. 

At Valley Forge, GE will install the tracking mirror 

support structure and drive, the control devices and other AVE (star 

tracker, etc.) in the Mission Module Forward Section structure received 

from DAC. Electrical compatibility of the Mission Payload Consoles 

and the Forward Section will be verified, and assembly completed by 

adding the inertial/thermal tracking mirror simulator. 

DORIAN Page4of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEIVi4 

ZONTRCie SYSTEM ONLY 

P'CITV'T !■ ...3.Ti A 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

1 

1 

1 I 

1 

-1 

Performance tests are then conducted employing Computer 

Integrated Test Equipment (CITE) AGE and an electrical simulator for 

the Mission Module Aft Section. These tests encompass GE AVE located 

in the Laboratory Module (Mission Console Bays 2 and 8, including the 

DAC-supplied computer) and in the Mission Module Forward Section. 

Ambient-environment testing will be conducted first,. progressing in 

complexity and incorporating one new element at a time until a mission 

profile test demonstrating full capability is run. This mission profile 

test establishes a baseline, and is repeated during subsequent testing 

at GE, and at EKC, DAC, and VAIB. 

Subsequent test phases at GE include vibration, mode 

verification, thermal/vacuum, and the final performance demonstration 

for buyoff. Mission Payload Consoles are used to exercise the Mission 

Module Forward Section AVE for all of these test phases. 

After completion of the GE, Valley Forge, tests, the 

Mission Payload Consoles are shipped to DAC for installation in the 

Laboratory Module. After the tracking mirror simulator is removed, the 

Mission Module Forward Section is shipped to EKC for further processing 

6. System Flow at Eastman Kodak Company 

The system flow at EKC is shown in Figure 173. EKC 

assembles the lens barrel (main and Ross corrector) and the thermal 

control system for both barrels, and installvthem in the DAC supplied 

Mission Module Aft Section. They then perform a mode survey, and 

ambient and thermal optical tests using a substitute Mission Module 

Forward Section where required. 

DORIAN Pagel) of pages, 

Copy of copies 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

;CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY - Yr. s r-71 77.7:A 

I 
HANDLE VIA BYEiviAiv 

tONTROD SYSTEM ONLY N 0 APPROVED FOR 

RILEASE 1 JULY 2015 

In parallel with the Aft Section testing, EKC receives 

the Mission Module Forward Section from GE and installs the tracking 

mirror. After testing the installed tracking mirror for flatness, 

EKC assembles the Forward Section to the Aft Section and conducts 

ambient performance, acoustic, dynamic, optical baseline, thermal 

optical, and operational dynamics tests. Between and after the 

environmental tests, baseline performance is re-verified. GE supports 

these tests by operating the Mission Module Forward Section AVE (with 

required AGE support), as necessary, to determine how much the Mission 

Module Forward Section elements contribute to photographic image smear. 

The assembled Mission Module is then shipped by air to 

DAC for further processing. - 

7. Equipment Flow at DAC 

Figure I-4 shows the DAC portion of the manned system 

flow. The Mission Payload consoles are received at DAC before the 

Mission Module, and are installed in the Laboratory Module (LM) by 

DAC personnel with GE assistance. After this installation, assembly 

of the LM is completed, and the LM system checkout is conducted including a thermal vacuum test. 

When the Mission Module is received from EKC, it is 

inspected for shipping damage and weight, and c.g. measurements are 

performed. 

The Laboratory Module and Mission Module are mechanically 

and electrically mated. The Laboratory Vehicle system testing is 

DORIAN PageS/of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

MNI.TX NIX EYENIAN 

reralTratiu-YSYEM ONLY 

.3"rY 

di. 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 7

0 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

.1 

1 

performed and electromagnetic compatibility is verified. A low-level 

vibration acceptance test is conducted. With completion of the manned 

Laboratory Vehicle testing phase at DAC, the Laboratory Vehicle 

mission profile is repeated for Air Force acceptance. Throughout all 

testing at DAC, the Mission Payload System Segment test results will be 

compared with previous results for performance trends. 

After Air Force acceptance, the assembled Laboratory 

Vehicle is prepared for over-the-road shipment to VAFB. 

8. Description of Flow at VAIB 

Figure 1-5 defines the equipment and event flow at VAIB 

with the tasks to be performed up to launch. Prior to receipt of the 

Laboratory Vehicle, a complete pad/AGE checkout will be made. The 

.Laboratory Vehicle is received at the pad and inspected for possible 

transport damage. The Laboratory Vehicle is then mated to the Titan 

IIIM and the Gemini B spacecraft. Subsystems are checked, a mission 

profile test and launch dress rehearsal are conducted, launch readiness 

preparations are performed, and the launch countdown is conducted. 

9. Automatic (Unmanned) System Flow Plan 

In the unmanned configuration, the Gemini B is replaced 

with a Support Module (SM) containing Data Recovery Vehicles. The 

Laboratory Module/Mission Module will be equipped only for automatic 

operation in this configuration. 

Roles and responsibilities for the Support Module have 

been assigned as follows: 

DORIAN Page57 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 
'HANDLE VIA MIEIVii,.14 

COI'■ITROU SYSTEM ONLY N10 APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

a. DAC 

1. Design and systems integration 

2. External fairing 

3. Fairing doors and separation subsystem 

4. DRV/film transport support structure 

5. Thermal control 

6. Electrical power and signal distribution 

7. Instrumentation of DAC-supplied equipment 

8. Integration of AVI SM instrumentation into LV system 

9. Tankage for expendables 

10. AGE associated with DAC equipment 

b. EKC 

1. Film transport subsystem 

2. Fthn takeup cassettes in the DRV's 

3. Film cutter and sealer mechanism 

4. Film takeup command/power sequence unit 

5. Instrumentation of EKC-supplied equipment 

6. Alignment and test of the film transport system 

7. Mechanical AGE for EKC equipment 

c. GE 

1. Data Recovery Vehicles (DRV's) 

2. DRV separation command/power sequence unit 

3. Integration of command/power sequence units with 

electrical AGE 

DORIAN 

HANDLE BYENIAN 

OONTROt.I SYSTEM ONLY 

PageBof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

'CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY T

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

4. AGE associated with GE equipment 

5. DRV separation and launch mechanism 

6. Film cutter sealer mechanism's in the DRV 

7. Instrumentation for GE-supplied equipment 

DORIAN Page31/of pages 

Copy of copies 

sun BYE 21170-67 

HANDL. VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

I 
_J 

Z 

VIA DIC.IYIAIN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

1 

• Kai.. J1 .1, 

✓D U 

o [a 

Page 5.5 of page 

Copy sof copies 

HANDLE VIA SAFSL BYE 21170-67 BYEIVIAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 0_ 0_ CO 

U 

0 

V 

U 

V 

r5 

Ch 5 

4) 0) 

5 

 ir:1 

AO 0 0 St 

U 0.1 

0 00 41 U. E 00 .. 

U 

V 

U 

44 

V. 

ti 

U) 

gt4 

s-1 

0 

o. 

0 U 

V 

0 

0 

V 

U 

U) 

CO 

44 

12:1 
• ,••{1,1....C. VIA C.IVIAIN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

• 

O 

E-1 

z 4 E. 

Cli 

PAYLOAD S 

1 

PAYLOAD SIMULATOR 

MANNED/AUTOMATIC GROUND FLOW (MPSS)AT GE 

1 

SAND`-91.a:BYEt MAN 

0_ LI-I 

0_ c* • 

Page3.4; of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

Z 
MAN

N

E

D/AU

TOMATIC GROUND FL

OW MPSS AT EKC 

0 w m 4z4 

w a wa 

tn 

'4

Q.u.1 0 

"4 

f 

Px14 

H 

z 

i 

tei 

2 

ao 

VaseamommehOMONINIIMIN■ 

z 

w 

›- 

a 

0 

z 

0

Z • 

2 

ci) 

0 

z

0 

D 

Z 

I - 

-1 

o 9 c

er 

0 lr. HANDLE VIA SYEMAN 

2L- ONTROE SYSTEM ONLY DORIAN 

H 

%-0 

M 

0 01:11 0 

cci4 I-I .4 44 WZ„.4 c4 

Page.a /of pages 

Copy. of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170 
rzl 

V) 

< 

• 

0 E • 

fi) 

g 

E., 

c13 54 Z 

w wUzww 

(1) plz 

II I 1 t 

0 

Ey 

0 

z 

z

•c4 

1 

1 

1 

1 41 

0 

> - 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

ECrEPNTROC SYSTEM °NUL 

w 

ec 

z cr 

HANDLE VIA tat.IYIAIX 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY, 

A 

Page g of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

Z A W N Z0 .1 00.) 

rz4 GET 

.4• 
1 

1 

MANNED/AUTOMATIC SYSTEM GROUND FLOW (FLIGHT VEHICLE) AT VAFB 

• 

0 

wa 

<40 

4 a) 

Z<X 

"I '040 

4 

1■1111

■1111•4•111•111•••■••• 

Lc) 

- DORIAN 

1 

re 

a) 

P4 \ 

VIA b %MAN 

;CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY 

HN 

zw 

E4 

UN 

Ha I I 

Ei • 

› 0 .rY) 

44 A H E40, 

c4 W WO 

o 

▪ 

›. ° 

N 

••4 E-1

"4 0 g W)Mc” „oe4 wHN g A41 cd„ y. 0, IA 

W.4041 >4W>' OHWHOlmfa:4 

a 

tlz0,40 

jow4114 

rA<.)Z4, 

yE40."4t3 4gr4n4 Z; 51 y 

171 gME-1

04 

1

1..)›0>WE4

m 2• 

• I I 

a 

=

Co 

ce .HANDLE BYEMAN ,a- (o :CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

1.1.1 

Z 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

"CONTROE SYSTEM ONLY -NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RIELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Part 3 - Master Planning Schedule 

Figure 1-6 presents, in summary form, the major program milestones. These are presented in greater detail in each Part 3 Section 

of Volume 2. 

DORIAN Page4/Qof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

ANI VEN BYEMAN 

-CONT012 SYSTEM ONLY 
MASTERPLANNINGSCHEDULE 

I FY68 r FY 69 1 Fr7C) FY7I I FY72 

iz.. olt 

. 4. 

.4 1: -a 

vt N

-Jo 

u.411 O 

.* -

AI 

-4 

4 -4 

i 1 ii 

4 

: MI 

1 

x to to -I ■II Ell 

.tr ■ • a Ham ■irPI ■III 

, ,...„ 

u. 

...in u 1 :10 1 1 ii am i

PR 

E IMI 1111 I 111 I IP! li II 

..., 1..1, .....iN NM . N: - -.. III 

2 

It1 

g lir 

X 

4 i 4 

2 

■ 4 

! 10. 

VI! X 

.. Ic. 

.„ 

b. 

.... 

pil 

. 

• 41 z 

o I o 

cn I 

I 

cn 

m I 1WI 1 13.- At • A I To Ao -3 

x g ,,. A z 

< m 4 

z ,7, 2 

u- 0 ro u. 

. 

o r -4 . 10 

z N . z 

0 to N i 0 

Ul N ■11 1 • 0 

OS 

< tt N 

I 

• < 

..) 

'1 

4 R I 4 

2 .... X 

U. CO L U., 

r. 1 -a 

o w i , 

o 

z o 

I 

z 

o a- • al 0 

t A PI i 

4 N ttilk All . i I ell '-:. I 4( 

Ps 

tc) = Iti 

II 

a , - , 0 1 , 

i 

x a ■ 

1 1111111 

i 

1 

4 co 1 

' 1 ! 

FISCAL YEAR 

CALENDAR YEAR 

MONTHS 

I PROGRAMFLIGHT SCHEDULE ILAB

ORATORY VEHICLE 

144 

eg 

5- 

! 

MM Aft Section 

L

M M /M

PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM 

MirrorBlank Deliveries 

I_ Construction-ProductionFa 

'

A 

EngineeringDesign 

I Fab& TestDevModels_1 

Prod/Del FltArticles 

t 1.2 0 

I GBQ Design/DevTest 

: 72

— .1 Li an 

L GuidanceSystem 

VAFB LAUNCH CO

MPLEX — 

Facility Design FacilityConst& Activity 

AGE InstSc Checkout 

MissionSimulator()TAY!) 
• v LA 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Part 4 - Funding Requirements 

Figure 1-7 presents a recapitulation, by fiscal year, of the 

total programs. financial needs. These are supported by the individual 

segment detail contained in Volume 1, Sections II, III and VII, and 

all of the Sections of Volume 2. 

.DORIAN 

ANDLt. via BYEMAN 

CONTROC SYS-7EM 

ONLY 

Pageigof. pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 2117o-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEN1AN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY, t■IRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Vf.:,1577 

FUNDING REQUIREMENTS (IN MILTIONS) 

MOL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT 

September 1, 1966 - June 30,.1972 

LM Basic 

Deferrals 

Changes 

67 

106.2 

.8 

.2 

68 

170.6 

4.1 

.3 

69 

231.7 

11.1 

3.1 

7o 

173.5 

33.9 

15.0 

"OT.4 

71 

63.6 

36.5 

8.8 

72 

8.6 

24.6 

.1 

TOTAL 

754.2 

111.0 

27.5 

107.2 175.0 2457 108.9 33.3 892.7 

MM Basic 29.6 54.5 61.2 35.2 4.0 .6 185.1 

Deferrals 2.6 13.0 35.1 38.9 24.1 11.3 125.0 

Changes 1.1 2.5 4.7 5.2 1.0 -0- 14.5 

33.3 70.0 101.0 79.3 29.1 11.9 324.6 

Photo Sys Basic 51.0 93.3 65.3 24.0 7.9 4.2 245.7 

Deferrals .4 10.5 14.8 20.5 5.6 -0- 51.8 

Changes 1.3 6.2 34.6 14.9 6.5 -0- 63.5 

Special Dorian 5.8 4.6 5.0 5.1 5.o 5.0 30.5 

Effort 58.5 114-76_ 119:7 64.5 25.0 9.2 391.5 

GB Basic 35.5 43.7 67.77 37.9 12.5 1.0 198.3 

Deferrals .1 5.1 12.2 14.9 8.5 3.2 44.0 

Changes .7 5.2 2.4 1.4 .5 -0- 10.2 

36.3 0 82.3 -547 21.5 772 252.5 

TIIIM Basic 43.o 39.4 97.7 93.4 56.4 18.0 347.9 

Deferrals .2 4.6 7.0 .7 -0- 12.5 

3.2 44.0 UT77 9I 7 56.4 18.0 360.4 

Crew Eq .5 3.8 3.1 2.9 2.0 .4 12.7 

Test Ops 1.4 1.8 8.5 7.8 8.2 4.6 32.3 

A rospace 6.5 13.8- 14.7 15.5 15.5 12.4 78.4 

SIVB Exper. .6 .2.4 -0- -0- -o- -o- 3.0 

Laboratory Misc. 

10.0 22.4 26.4 26.3 25.8 17.T 128.3 

TOTAL 288.5 480.0 680.0 540.8 266.7 94.o 2350.0 

Prior Yr 

Carry Over (60.1) (60.1) 

RDT&E NOA Reqmit 228.4 480.0 680.0 540.8 266.7 94.0 2289.9 

MCP 5.6 1.0 6.6 

234.0 481.0 680.0 540.8 266.7 94.0 2296.5 

FIGURE 1-7 

-

LiOTty of 

DORIAN Page'3of pages 

PoniPs 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

RO APPROVED FOR CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECTION II - MISSION OPERATIONS 

Part 1 - Operating Description 

A. General 

Other sections of this document define the roles and responsibilities of the major associate contractors, system ground flow philosophy, 

the support facilities, crew training, and flight vehicle processing 

requirements. This section deals with the principal government activities 

involved in the pre-launch, launch, ascent, on-orbit, and reentry and 

recovery phases for the demonstration of the attainment of an effective 

combination of man and machine for collection of useful overhead 

reconnaissance of denied areas. 

B. Roles and Responsibilities of Government Groups Supporting MOL 

Operations 

No single activity can provide all of the support necessary to 

accomplish the general flight objectives of the MOL Program. The 

principal groups involved in the sequence of major events which occur in 

the MOL operations from receipt of flight hardware at Vandenberg AFB 

through recovery of the flight crew, mission data, and the Gemini B 

spacecraft are listed below: 

1. Satellite Operations Center. The SOC, located in Washington, 

D.C., provides an interface between the intelligence community with their 

requirements and the MOL/DORIAN System. The target deck and priorities 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

:=NTRCe:SYSTEM ONLY 

Paget of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

ixY 
rEO APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEI`viAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

are generated by the SOC and sent to the Mission Control Center for 

processing and ultimate commanding of the MOL systems. This target list 

is fed into the computer programs and the optimum strategy is computed 

for target selection. The targeting events thus generated are fed to 

command generation software programs which provide the necessary commands 

and data to be sent to the MOL, including non-mission events such as 

station contacts, orbit adjusts, and specialized secondary flight 

objectives. The computer on board MOL has the complete target list which 

was available before flight. Specifically, the SOC will perform the 

following functions: 

a. Select the launch date from within any limits of 

flexibility established by Director, MOL. 

b. Select orbit parameters from within an available envelope 

established by Director, MOL. 

c. Target selection software will be developed in 

coordination with the SOC. All targets, priorities, weightings, and 

target selection criteria will be provided by the SOC to MOL for use in 

the target selection software. 

d. Approve the primary and secondary reconnaissance targets. 

e. Provide retargeting priorities during on-orbit operations 

on the basis of prior mission accomplishMents. 

f. Provide such other operational guidance and support, as 

DORIAN Page 4krof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

troNrnot SYSTEM ONLY 
RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

may be- necessary during pre-mission, on-going, and post-mission phases. 

2. Air Force Satellite Control Facility. Elements of the SCF 

are involved not only in the on-orbit support but provide support during 

simulations, on-pad compatibility checks, pre-launch activity, and 

powered flight. 

a. The Satellite Test Center (STC) provides the focal 

point for both the distribution of commands and data to the remote tracking stations as well as the reception and processing of data received by 

the remote tracking stations. Their services include semi-automatic 

data distribution, computing facilities, orbit determination and 

ephemeris update, and allocation of network resources. 

b. The Mission Control Center at the STC will develop mission 

profiles for the MOL Program as a function of requests from the SOC as 

well as integrating special payload operations, Laboratory Module 

operations, and secondary flight objectives. In the normal mode of 

operation, the ground software will generate identification of primary and 

alternate targets to be taken, and this information will be sent to the on 

board computer. The MOL computer knowing the current MOL ephemeris and 

the geographic position of the target can compute and generate all 

necessary pointing and tracking information.. Provision is also allowed 

for supplementing the pre-stored target list by transmitting new targets 

DORIAN Page146 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN. 

=NTROL1 SYSTEM ONLY 
HANDLE VIA BYEIV1AN 

CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

to MOL with their geographic locations and special targeting requirements. 

c. Remote Tracking Stations (RTS) provide SGLS support 

and data handling with the STC. They receive command loads from the 

STC and upon acquisition of the Orbiting Vehicle will transmit these 

command loads to the MOL. 

3. 6595th Aerospace Test Wing will be the on-site integrator 

for launch operations which includes assuring that the launch complex is 

fully operational, crew is fully trained, check out test procedures are 

adequate, schedules and mission directives are prepared, and working 

groups and working relationships are established. 

4. Western Test Range (WTR) will provide prelaunch support by 

making normal range checks and R.F. transmission relays from the launch 

complex to the Vandenberg Tracking Station of the SCF. During powered 

flight, the support will include range safety, ground precision tracking, 

and TIIIM telemetry coverage. 

5. Pacific Missile Range (PMR) will provide backup TIIIM 

coverage, prime telemetry and UHF voice coverage during Stage 0 plume 

attenuation period. 

6. 1st Strategic Aerospace Division will supply standard base 

support services, real property and real property installed equipment 

management. 

DORIAN Page.47of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEIVIAN 

:CONTROL! SYSTEM ONLY 

Y 

ti 
NRO APPROVED FOR RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

7. NRD/NASA will provide insertion ship support and selected 

stations for C-band tracking and UHF voice support in Gemini B contingency 

operations. 

8. Department of Defense Manager for Manned Space Flight 

Support Operations (DDMS) will provide and control through all flight 

phases, the resources necessary to support MOL recovery operations. 

9. MOL Systems Office will provide total MOL operations integration and flight crew training, which is described in Volume 1, 

Section VII. 

C. MOL Peculiar Support Tasks 

The government groups listed above (with the exception of the 

MOL Systems Office) have missions and responsibilities in support of other 

'space programs in addition to MOL and are supported financially through 

their own program elements. However, some of the support they provide 

will be peculiar to MOL operations; consequently they expect to be 

reimbursed for these peculiar services. The remainder of this section 

is devoted to a description of this MOL peculiar support. Implementation 

schedules are shown in Part 2 and costs in-Part 

1. Flight Operations and Support. Flight Operations and 

Support is concerned principally with Mission Control and the interface 

with the NRO Satellite Operations Center (SOC). It includes all equipments, communications, computer programs, personnel, techniques, and 

DORIAN Page.i4t7of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDI:a VIA: BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

7„, Ty-44 

t,b,..W.15,g. • • 
IRCi APPROVED FOR ' CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

procedures necessary to accomplish MOL Mission Control from start to 

countdown to mission completion including Laboratory Vehicle disposal, 

all data retrieval, and crew recovery when applicable. This segment 

also includes provisions for integration, simulation, training and overall system exercising. 

a. The Mission Planning and Evaluation (MP&E) software 

which will be developed by the Deputy Director, MOL, will provide the 

primary interface with the SOC. Using the target data supplied by the 

SOC, this software will provide for the selection of targets to be 

imaged by the DORIAN system and from frame titling data for correlation 

of the photographs. The dynamic capabilities of the DORIAN optical 

systems and man-in-the-loop require a new generation of software for 

this purpose. 

Contractor proposals have been received and evaluated 

for the development-of the MP&E software. It is planned to initiate 

this contract duringjA21267. A development phase of about 25 months 

will include program design, development and coding. Following the 

development phase, a nine-month integration and checkout phase will be 

conducted to assure program capability with all other MOL software and 

with the Mission Simulator in the OTEF at VAFB. A subsequent ninemonth period has been scheduled to accomplish total software validation, 

crew procedures checkout, and mission readiness assurance. The 

operational interfaces with the SOC will be validated during this period; 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEIVIAL% 

HSiiPigf"-■ cowl-Roc SYSTEM ONLY 

Page 4E' pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

1 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

NIRO APPROVED FOR CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

b. Satellite Test Center Computer Programs. The MOL 

Program will utilize the capabilities of the SCF's Advanced Data System 

(ADS) which is scheduled to be in operation during the period of MOL' 

flights. However, a variety of MOL Program peculiar software routines 

will be developed to support various MOL operational phases, and these 

routines will be included in the ADS. During powered flight and on-orbit 

phases, the ADS software provides control of the tracking telemetry and 

command functions of the STC. Verification of this software support will 

be accomplished using the Mission Simulator in the OTEF at VAFB. During 

the ADS contract period, interface requirements will be provided to 

assure that the software format is compatible with the MOL Program peculiar 

routines in the CDC 3800 computers. 

c. Satellite Control Facility Augmentation. Augmentation 

of the SCF with additional - equipment and MOL Program peculiar equipment 

is divided into two areas: Remote Tracking Station equipment and STC 

equipment. 

(1) Remote Tracking Station Equipment. The primary 

voice circuit between the Remote Tracking Station (RTS) and the Orbiting 

Vehicle will use the SGLS but the SGLS baseband assembly unit at each 

RTS must be modified to. provide the capability for secure digital voice 

transmission. In addition, an additional recorder will be provided at 

each RTS for recording of the MOL stored voice. This additional recorder 

will permit dedicated post-pass voice playback without preventing the 

RTS supporting another satellite during the playback time. 

Pagejr-O of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 
1

R0 APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Three RTS (Thule, Kodiak, and Guam) must have clear 

voice capability to support ascent and early orbit voice requirements. 

It will be necessary to modify existing antennas at these stations to 

achieve thiS capability. 

(2) STC Equipment. The support of MOL by the STC 

requires more equipment than that provided for a normal STC user. These 

increased requirements will be met by obtaining additional standard 

consoles and other modules being developed undet the SCF's ADS contract. 

MOL Program costs included the procurement, installation and checkout of 

nine controller positions and supporting display equipment. 

2. Test Support. The Test Support tasks listed beloW are MOL 

peculiar requirements to augment the National Range Division launch 

range and tracking ship support. 

a. Range Toxic Dispersion Studies. Unknown toxic 

dispersion characteriatics of the South Vandenberg and Sudden Ranch terrain 

will be analyzed to insure that optimum. conditions for operational launches 

of a Titan IIIM are fully known. Empirical data will be gathered for 

the Sudden Ranch area Weather Information Network and Display System 

expansion by burning Minuteman solid material in the vicinity of the 

proposed MOL pad and taking quantitative samples at multiple selected 

sites on South Vandenberg, Sudden Ranch and adjacent property. 

DORIAN Page 57 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL? SYSTEM ONLY 
HANDLE VIA bYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY. 

rEO APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

b. Range Reliability Studies. Studies of the Western Test 

Range capabilities necessary to support manned launches will be accomplished. 

These studies will define any equipment capability or reliability 

improvements which may have to be accomplished in FY 68, FY 69 and 

FY 70. 

c. Space Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS) Receiver (Pacific 

Missile Range, San Nicolas Island). The SGLS provides telemetry receiving equipment at San Nicolas Island for the MOL SGLS downlink. S 

Nicolas Island will acquire the flight vehicle on a 60-foot antenna at 

not later than 80 seconds into flight. It will be the sole downlink 

terminal for some duration- before Stage Zero separation and again for 

some duration before the Insertion Ship has acquired the MOL target. 

d. AGM-19, T-2 Class Ship Software. This will provide the 

computer programming needed to employ the instrumentation of the AGM-19 

class ships for MOL insertion support. 

e. Countdown Status System. This will provide for the 

integration of MOL operations into the VAFB countdown status system. The 

displayed information consists of operation and program number, countdown time and status. Countdown information will be provided to selected 

range instrumentation sites and control facilities at VAFB, synchronized 

to range user operations. 

DORIAN PagetrZof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANCI.E V:A BYEMAN 

rz.L.NTWL SYSTEM ONL'I 

T:!t,th 

qW.2. Lu 

rme rYns 

1 
NR APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

riANDLE VIA E:fralii■i 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

f. Back-up Ship Mods. Include the additional "MOL 

peculiar" modifications (SGLS capability, communications, etc.) to the 

AGM-1 (Range Tracker) required to upgrade the ship for minimum insertion 

support after the fourth launch. 

3. Recovery. The Recovery System includes the forces deployed 

and support provided for both planned and contingency landing areas. 

The MOL recovery system will make maximum use of those NASA .equipments, 

techniques, and procedures developed for Gemini/Apollo recovery support 

which are appropriate for MOL. The recovery force will be comprised of 

sea, land, and air units, and associated specialist teams as necessary 

to meet the recovery requirements. Special high-density air, land, and 

sea recovery forces will be provided in the immediate area of the launch 

pad to insure recovery of the crew in case of land and water impacts. 

Rescue will be accomplished by ships stationed downrange and aircraft 

staged from Easter Island in the event of an abort from powered flight. 

Planned recoveries from orbit will be accomplished in areas designated 

in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The forces will be stationed worldwide for contingency operations. 

a. DOD Manager for Manned Spaee Flight Operations (DDMS). 

Recovery forces(ships and aircraft) will be required in support of MOL 

development flights for retrieval of the GPrini B spacecraft. 

DORIAN PageS—.3of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 
FtANDL.E VIA BYEIVIAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY # ; 

NIRO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

b. Handling AGE. Recovery AGE such as flotation collars, 

boilerplate spacecraft, transport dollies, hooks, etc., must be 

collected, refurbished, and maintained through the years associated with 

the MOL Program, starting in FY 68. 

c. Testing, Training and Training Aids. Tests will be 

conducted at Patrick and Vandenberg Air Force Bases to establish 

launch area recovery baselines. This includes surf tests for specialized 

rescue (astronaut, data and spacecraft); dummies that will be air-dropped 

for rescue rehearsals both on land and water; parachutes in the event 

these are not available in sufficient number from supply sources; special 

harnesses that may be necessary for rescue and recovery and special 

equipment that may be necessary for mountain and crevice rescue; and ' 

recovery operations. 

d. Launch Area Recovery Equipment (WTR). The Launch Area 

Recovery concept involves an expansion of existing WTR capabilities. 

Problems associated with flight crew recovery in the launch areas, both land 

and surf, are currently being investigated. The rough terrain surrounding 

the launch site, the surf breaking over the coastal rocksi and beachless, uneven coastline pose special problems to which no precedent or techniques are 

relatable from the NASA Eastern Test Range (ETR) manned launches. The 

DORIAN Paged4 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 
t

OAPPROVEDFOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

•.; 

terrain features may require special equipment and/or modifications to 

rescue boats and helicopters. 

e. Ascent and Re-Entry, Acent and Re-Entry software is 

required to merge the varying logic of the Gemini B and T-IIIM systems, 

WTR tracking data, etc., into the SCF computer system. For example, for 

the powered flight phase, three PCM and one single side band (record 

only) data links will be received and processed by WTR and SCF ground 

stations. WTR will also prOvide metric tracking data from approximately 

five different sites. The metric tracking data will be transmitted to 

the STC in real time over the existing microwave line froni the Vandenberg 

Tracking Station. A second microwave line will be acquired to carry 

MOL telemetry which has been received at Vandenberg Tracking Station to 

the STC as back-up to the WTR data. At the STC, the Advanced Data System 

(ADS) will merge tracking data along with MOL guidance systems data. 

The combined output will then be transferred to an on-line CDC 3800 

computer for real time ascent trajectory and abort mode computation. 

Subsequently display on program peculiar plot boards and data consoles 

will be accomplished via the ADS. A similar set of circumstances of 

collecting data from a number of different sources for computation and 

display apply to the re-entry phase. 

DORIAN PageS"..iof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

V!A BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY, 

Pr(7-.7in. 

wicbhLI 
HANDLE ViA WI/BIM 

toloTzoe SYSTEM ONLY, 

RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

D. Mission Enhancement Support 

Additional effort is desirable to extend and maximize the 

present DORIAN capability in accordance with accepted mission objectives. 

This effort consists of the tasks presented below. Funds not yet included 

in baseline approved funding are required for these tasks in the approximate 

amounts shown in Part 3 if they are to be accomplished. Approximately 

one half of the funds shown for FY 68 and FY 69 would be spent on 

aircraft simulation studies (see 3 below). 

DORIAN Page SiSof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE Vii; 

CONTR6C SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA S\'EMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

2. Astronomical Observation. The MOL photographic system will 

also provid a capability for astronomical observations, particularly 

planetary. A vehicle roll capability and an infinite optical focus 

platen posi ion is required. Time exposures up to 17 minutes (per 

orbital per od) can be provided by use of the tracking mirror and up 

to 45 minut s (one-half the orbital period) by maintaining constant 

pitch attit de with respect to inertial space (disable pitch-rate program). 

Fine grain ilm may be used in conjunction with the long exposures 

and should roduce resolutions bettering those previonely attained from 

the ground y a factor of- two. Resolution obtainable on the surface 

of Mars dur 

(without e 

for photog 

capability involving equipment modification will depend upon analysis 

and approval of cost and technical impacts/of such modification. 

3. Visual Observation Simulations. The value and limitations 

ng the 1971 opposition is estimated at 25 nautical miles. 

Steps are being taken to incorporate into the MOL vehicle 

ipment modification) and mission planning the capability 

phy of Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Planning on further 

'cally aided observations of the earth from a satellite cannot 

Page 5-7 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

of telesco 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA B EMAN 

CONTROL" SYSTO ONLY 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CONTROL` SYSTEM ONLY 

be determined precisely until actual missions are conducted. Many 

variables are known that affect the ultimate capability of man to 

detect and recognize earth objects from orbit. It is likely that 

additional variables still undefined also exist and similarly affect 

this capability. The number and range of these variables cause ground 

simulations to become unrealistic and the result inconclusive. Aircraft 

simulations to determine man's visual observation capability can eliminate 

the artificial provisioning of important variables such as scene brightness, objectto-background contrast and sun-scene vehicle geometry, 

as well as the physical characteristics of the observed objects (size, 

shape, color, pattern, etc.). Some variables in aircraft simulation are 

partially real, such as atmospheric visibility and relative motion, 

while others must be wholly simulated as on the ground. 

As an expansion of the detection and recognition visual 

capability, another function of man in the MOL system can be measured 

much more accurately with aircraft simulations than on the ground. 

This is the ability of man to apply a priori knowledge and judgment in 

real-time manner to the selection of one of several potential targets 

depending on its intelligence value and/or its accessibility. Weather 

avoidance in the selection of targets using actual weather phenomena 

can be realistically demonstrated and evaluated. Also, the ability of 

man to determine target activity, pin-point objects of interest in a 

general area, and obtain intelligence from non-programmed observations 

DORIAN 

HA N OC.Z BYEMAN 

'tiDNTR01:: SYSTEM ONLY 

Ti7) 7,7; 

PagelFof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

T 
NRO APPROVED FOR HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

can be credibly tested. 

To date, only limited experimentation or simulation of this 

nature has been conducted. Expanded effort is planned to generate this 

information as quickly and cheaply as possible using simulations that 

closely approximate real MOL operating conditions. 

4. Generalized Target Model. A continuing need exists for the 

generation and maintenance of a realistic engineering target model 

sufficiently general to fully exploit the man-machine flexibility of the 

MOL system in its primary mission of satellite reconnaissance. This 

model will be used to refine the system design parameters, analyze 

mission operations, and formulate mission operational procedures. 

The model will include targets representative of the needs of the 

national intelligence community which may be satisfied by MOL photography 

or visual observation. Present target models are designed for and/or 

limited by the capabilities of current reconnaissance systems. The 

generalized target model may ultimately be expanded to include requirements for SIGINT, radar surveillance and other appropriate missions. 

5. Stereo Photography. Since the MOL system is capable of 

multiple photographic frames of any one target, investigation will be 

undertaken to determine the optimum number, aspect angle, and range of 

acceptable stereo convergence angles for maximum intelligence value. 

It appears that these stereo qualities will vary with the type of target 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAH 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY, 

Page.f;yof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

T:7, 17..3 

r 
HANDLE VIA BYEIViiiii 

CONTROL! SYSTEM ONLY NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

being observed (unusual shapes), as well as the sun-scene-vehicle geometry 

during photography. Thus, a complete parametric study considering all 

variables is planned. These efforts will be accomplished in close 

coordination with appropriate elements of the NRO and the national 

intelligence community. 

DORIAN Page60 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VJA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY. 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA E i E■VI 

CONTROL` SYSTEMSTEM ONLY 

Part 2 - Schedule 

Figure II-1 shows the milestones for the major program test 

support and operations activities required to provide the ground 

environment for MOL flight tests. 

DORIAN Page6/of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY, 

vd? L. sr, 
cJ 

>- Ut I I 

-)I11111111111111=1111/111111111111111111111E 

0 

to 

3 

EINIIIIIIMINIM11111111111111111101111•11111111111111111111111•1111111•1111111•U 

1111111111111101111111111MININIE 

iiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiinu IIIIII 

0 

TEST OPERATIONS SUPPORT 

... 0 

,_ 

. I 1 i limn NE to 11 ! io it .1 vra 

n 

cc ! • - AI 11 111 1 1 

z - . 

.. 

r 

; z 

o 2, NM _ ; Pill MI >- i I 0 

'-- 

4 111111 E1111 1 11 1 1 1 I 

uu 

1iio 

c 1 1

ra 11111 I O

J 1 

e, li - 1 1 m g: rod oar sit 71 on Foil rsi I.. • 

0 II ll 

r11 Q-' Tr- a • aiiiaa • ARM 

El aaamauiaia.c 

u. 

? 111.11111E11111 iiruai 

en r., e3 El! 1 -41 4 AIIIIII IM 

co tjaa ii 11111111111111111111 3 MI • ua • INI I.$J II , 

cn „FA. 

Ell I '- ME 111111111.; 

.:c in I - I I - 111111619.41101 II a 

m Fr, mil ; , .o Mill.bil m 

In LL 'w 1111111111111111111,3 pun 

to -, („, 

. 

;,, 

2 . 1 c, 

„, „iip 

1 ••1 

II r. (Ni 

1 CC 

N < ' I 

6 2 ill 

si 

a- }- I 1111141171 MI NEI 

co < „, 

0 gii ,f, 

11 a 

-, 

m R., 

. C.) 2 

a 2 

* 11 

1 

a 

0) I .4 IIJ 

I 

M 

CO 

.. 

— 

z 

CL ..., 

)— LL a 2 aautaaaaa a. iaaaauaai•aa 121 

z .11 

'4- IIIIIIIflhI1I1I . III . 11 II III.. z o 

01 rq 

11 

I 

111 1 I 

i 

1.

w

0 

N N n 

FISCAL YEAR I 

CALENDAR YEAR 

MONTHS 

I 

 PROGR

AM 

 FLIGHTS 

I 

 TEST 

 SUPPORT 

 (

WTR) 

 

Range ToxicDispersionand 

ReliabilityStudies 

I InsertionShip Computer 

64 

E 

O 

CountdownStatusSystem 

BackupShip Mods 

1FLIGHT OPERATIONS 

12 

(... 

f— 

0 

a. 

th 

Msn 

Planning&Eval Software ] 

. V. 

ce 

..5 ci) 

...._ 

. L. 

- I

ST

C 

Comp

uter 

 Sy

s 

 Supp

or

t 

SCF A

UGMENTATION 1 UHF Voice(WakeIsland) 

UHFVoiceAntennas(7Statior1 

STC Equip

ment Procurement1 

I & C forManned Flights 

MANNED RECOVERYSUPPOR 

DDMC (Ships &Aircraft) HandlingAGE Test,Training&TrainingAid 

- Launch Area(VTR) Recovery 

4J 

1 

 MISSI

O

N ENHANC

EM

ENT 

 S

PT 

LC) 

o 2 

LL 

>- 

> -) 0 

CL 

Q&) 

0_i 

LLI 

Z 
HANDLE VIA EXEMAN 

tONTROC SYSTEM ONLY NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Part 3 - Funding Requirements 

Figure 11-2 provides detail of the FY fund requirements for the 

test support and operations required additions, modifications and 

services. 

DORIAN Page(3of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANOLE El YEMAN r.CONT'ROL' SYSTEM ONLY 
O 0 

0 

0 ;4 

P4 

0 

0 -H 

0 H 

LC \ CD 

• VI 

cd 

C3:1 

• 

0 

0 H 

0 

0 

H 

1-1 

GTt 

i-q 

-,4 

S 

E-1 

0 0 --1- 

01 LC\ \.0 

No cn (Y) 

• • • 

lf \ --- N 

-4. 

--1- 

cn 

• 

N

H 

00 in 0 c) c\ 

Lf \ 0 -1 0 M ..1-- 

NO cn N (Y 0 0 

• a • • • • 

H 

c 

Nin 

• 

N 

0000 

N LC\ --i-0 

1.r1 C) LIN. r-1 

• • • • 

ON 

0 CO 

r-I N 

In CO 

0 ,...0 

H 

On 

(fl 

N-- 

J-1 

to 

LrN 

0.1 

N 

cn 

co 

Cr) 

uN 

_4- 

H 

0 N 

CO 

cn 

t--- 

CO 

NLI-N 

-.14 

-..1- 

CO 

0 

NCS. 

r-I 

CO

CV 

....1- 

4 

.c 

E-I 

0 

H 

Cv 

C.-- 

W 

0 0 

H 0 C--- O

--t- 

. . 

H 

• 

0 

t-- 

LrN 

H• 

0 0 c0 

CV in CY\ 

0 0 c0 

• • • • - 

cv 

c0 

0 \ 

c0 

. 

CV 

H 

N- 

›-i 

cr-. 

LrN 

0 

trN co 

• • H 

u-N 

o 

( 

. 

CV 

0 0 NO Lf1 11\ 0\ 

0 0 C.- • • • 

Lc\ • 

ONON 

co 

. 

LA 

0 

N- 

>i 

rr, 

0 LIN 01 

0 C \I 1/4.0 

0 0 4-0 

• • • -4 ,--i 

-..1- 

0\ 

cn 

• 

CV 

uN cn LrN 

-...1- M --I' 

cV 0 0 

• • - 

H 

(T.) 

N 

c) 

• 

H 

0 0 ■O. 

lI\ 0 0 

N H c0 

• • • 

NO 0 

in 0 

H0 

• • 

r-1 M 

0\ 

■0 

>-I 

C-T-• • 

0 0 If\ 

0 In 0\ ..z 

-7 lf\ 01 

1-1 r--I 1--1 

L(\ 

01 

-z 

.0 

0 

CO 

0 

0 

(Y) 

• 

00 0 

LI"\ In 0 

0 0 H 

• • • 

00 

0 0 

N 0 

• • 

Cr) 

CO 

VD 

ir-4 

7-1 

00 

0 0 

• 

0 

0 

H 

• 1-1 

00 CV In

M H • • 

0 ' 

t"-- 

..... 1" 

• 

00 

Li-N LI\ 

c-I 0 • • 

0 

0 CV 

• 

! L'-- \O 

›-I 

0 

O 

0 01 

o 

• 

r'' 

00 0") in 

co ,-1 . . 

0* 

• 

00 in 

0 0 

• • 

0 00 

ON CV 

0 c0 

• • 

..- 

-c 

0 

P4 

P4 

(fl 

CC 

0 

0 -H 

-P 

cd 

s•-4 

0 

P. 

0 

.4-3 

.0 

tIO H 

P-4 

0 

H 

a3 

4-3 

0 

a) 

g 

.c4 

>) 

..

+3-4 

•H 

cd 

fri 

S-I 

tiG ri 

CD 0 0 

$.4 1-1 $4 

cd i4-1 4-3 

0 H 

A-, ;-1 0 cd 

CH Q) 0 -P O -4-3 0 

CO 0 0 +3 

P4 4-3 ,0 

0 E 9-4 

0 0 H Cr) 

•H 0 H 

a) 

v.) K..) ..P 

..-1 E-t aj 

CO C2 

H•H 

-P 

;-I 

0 

P4 

M 

-1-) 

co 

E-i 

ca 

a) 

-,-1 

rci a) 

-P (fl 

CO cd c

'''' 

.1-1 -P CO 0 Ca 

(/) CO (t CO >1 

F-t g ua 

(I) P4 Ul 

fa• -P •• ■-1 Ca '11:1 

C/1 .1-1 ••••-• 

•r-1 1---1 CO •P Z CO 

P .ri F-1 03 

.0 a) ca 4-, P4 H 

c.) cd > ca ca H 03 • 

•ri ••-i •r-4 43 .0 -1-) 

X H a) H g r.,) o 

0 a) 0 0 -P 

H g a) 0 P4 -,o 

P4 ON ro g 0 

(1) (1..) H •P I CO 

a0 140 ci) I 0 .- 

I-4 0 0 

CU 03 O C. 0 cd 

g4rat)•=4012c1 

0 7:i H 

f-t 

0 

0 

0 

(1) 

C4 

..--.. a) 

k 

0 c1-1 0 0 

t/D (1.) CO 

g 1Z 

.H ..... •

;-1 

ixl ',1 (/2 -p 

0 (T3 H 0 

$4 cd 1.4 

, 

El 4-) I 0 a) 

tiLl " -P 1:4 

0 -H 

H •r-1 CO 

rci -p a) 

0 (1) PG C.) 

cd a) cp E-1 4/2 

=HA -4 

DORIAN Paget, of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYD,M 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

WO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECTION III - FACILITIES 

Part 1 - General Description 

A. General 

The facilities described in this Section encompass those 

Government-owned or managed MOL-peculiar ground facilities necessary 

to support MOL operations from receipt of the MOL system segments at 

Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB), through launch of the MOL, and 

recovery of the Gemini B. The facilities required at VAFB for support 

of the program include a Space Launch Complex Number 6 (SLC #6) and 

MOL Support Facilities located on the Sudden Ranch and on VAFB proper. 

In addition, to reduce access time and size of recovery forces, an 

aircraft staging area will be needed for use in recovery operations 

in case of abort during powered flight. 

The facilities used for receipt and inspection of launch 

vehicle flight hardware, hardware storage, flight vehicle build-up and 

launch, and control of countdown operations are not charged to the MOL 

Program element, but are included for information purposes and because 

their timely completion is vital to the consummation of the MOL 

Program. Funds for the Launch Complex facilities were authorized and 

appropriated in the FY 1966 and 1967 Military Construction Program. 

The FY 1967 military construction budget provided funds for 

MOL support facilities at VAFB for accommodating activities not provided 

for in the Launch Complex. These activities are: 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA 1.1YEMArJ 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page66—Of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

Q.; 
1-: ANOLE VIA BYE.MAN 

CONTROL! SYSTEM ONLY, NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

1. Training, evaluation, housing, and conditioning of the 

flight crew. 

2. Receipt, inspection, storage, and processing of elements 

of the orbiting vehicle. (Final assembly and checkout will be 

accomplished on the launch pad). 

3. Support of contractor personnel. 

The MOL Launch Complex, located on the western portion of the located 

Sudden Ranch area of VAFB, California will contain one launch stand 

and those facilities_ required to receive, assemble, checkout, monitor 

and launch the MOL Launch Vehicle. Major items of construction will 

be the Launch Pad, Umbilical Tower, Mobile Services Tower, AGE Building, 

propellant loading and storage systems, Launch Control Center, railroad 

siding, supporting utilities, security fencing, roads, Segment Ready. 

Storage Building, Segment Receipt Inspection Building, Ready Building, 

Protective Clothing Building, and Complex Service Building 

MOL support facilities include Support Buildings, the 

Operational Training and Evaluation Facility, the Operational Readiness 

Unit, and the Engineering and Operations Building. 

B. Launch Complex (SLC-6) 

The original concept was to provide an Initial Launch Capability 

(ILC) which could at some future date be expanded into full IntegrateTransfer-Launch (ITL) capability which would support a family of 

Titan III-booster military payloads. However, at the present time 

there is no space program other than MOL planning to use the ILC. 

DORIAN Page‘6of pages 

Copy of copies 

. HANDLE VIA BYED/i 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 
DORIAN 

ANDC'Z. VIA Er:Ei,;;*.j,; .

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page 6'7 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

T 

HANOLZ VIA END WI 

toNTRot SYSTEM ONLY 

rilRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

The launch rate for MOL for planning purposes has been specified 

at a maximum of six per year. Therefore, no requirement can be 

foreseen which would cause a need to convert to the ITL concept. 

Nevertheless, the MOL Program does provide for capability improvements. Studies of improving cost effectiveness and providing for 

growth in the MOL Program point to the possible need for increased 

payload capability in both weight and diameter. Therefore, the 

original TLC is being developed with the following considerations: 

1- Accommodate the 7-segment, 120-inch SRM and 10-foot 

core with the inherent capability of economic growth to a 3-segment, 

156-inch SRM with 16-foot diameter core. 

2. The concept of on-pad build-up will be retained with 

no requirement to maintain the option of proceeding to an ITL capability 

unless that option can be provided at essentially no cost. 

3. The Launch Control Center and other support facilities 

will be sized to permit the support of a second launch pad using the 

on-pad build-up concept. 

4. The design will not preclude the use of SLC-6 by any 

member of the current Titan III family. 

C. Operational Training and Evaluation Facility 

This will be a one-story structure of approximately 53,000 

square feet housing a MOL mission simulator which is required for 

flight crew preparation, ground controller preparation, validation 

of ground and airborne software, development of contingency procedures, 
:.;LADLE VIA 

RO APPROVED FOR CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY. 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

and validation of mission and specific flight planning. Other 

functions associated with this facility include: 

1. Storage, inspection, and maintenance of training and 

orbital flight crew equipment. 

2. Collection of physiological data which will be compared 

with in-flight crew status for purposes of mission management. 

3. Pre-and post-flight crew examinations, minor diagnostic 

and treatment capability. 

4. Final integrated astronaut/key personnel training. 

D. Operational Readiness Unit 

This is a one-story facility of approximately 8,900 square 

feet which will be used for-pre-flight living and physical conditioning 

area for eight astronauts and key personnel. This facility will 

provide for the following: 

1. Medical supervision to insure proper preparation and dietary 

management for personnel. 

2. Pre-adaptation of the flight crew to unusual work/rest 

cycles as indicated by mission requirements. 

3. Medical surveillance to prevent significant exposure to 

communicable diseases in order to avoid, where possible, mission 

degradation due to illness. 

4. Sleeping quarters, dining room, and kitchen for crew and 

key personnel. 

5. Physical conditioning area for the flight crew. 

DORIAN 

VIA DYEal-4 

CCN:'ROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page6 0 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

6. .1g.ao HANDLE VIA BYENIAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

E. Support Buildings 

This category includes a variety of existing buildings to 

be reassigned to the MOL Program to support McDonnell, Douglas, 

Eastman Kodak, General Electric and Martin-Marietta. 

1. Engineering and. Operations Building 

This will be a two-story structure of approximately 

80,000 square feet to provide technical support space for MOL contractor, 

sub-contractor, and Air Force personnel. 

2. Staging Base for Powered Flight Abort Recovery Aircraft 

An analysis of the rescue and recovery problems associated 

with an abort from powered flight clearly identified the need for a 

downrange aircraft staging-base. The staging base will operationally 

support approximately eight aircraft and about 100 personnel, periodically, 

during mission periods. The results of studies show that Easter Island 

is the most suitable location for such a staging base. MOL requirements 

will be provided by augmenting facilities to be provided by the 

FY 1968 Military Construction Program Funds have been requested to provide runway paving, taxiway 

and parking area increase, fuel storage increase, and personnel 

facilities such as housing, messing, medical facilities, etc. FY 1968 

funds are required to take advantage of the cost savings resulting 

from coupling the MOL augmentation construction with basic 

construction programs. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA Enfialiji 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEVAN 

CONTROL. SYSTEM ONLY I

RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

F. Operating Concept 

The live solid rocket motor components of the Titan IIIM 

will be transported to the Segment Ready Storage Building at VAFB 

by rail cars for storage prior to transportation to the Segment 

Receipt Inspection Building. A railroad will connect these two 

buildings and the launch pad. The solid rocket motors (Stage Zero) 

will be the first components assembled on the launch stand. Following 

this, the core segment of the Titan III will be assembled between the 

solids. The core segment (Stages 1 and 2) will arrive at VAFB by 

C-133B aircraft and will be processed through the. Missile Assembly 

Building #5 before going to the launch pad. 

The previously integrated Laboratory Module and Mission Module 

will be transported directly to the pad by road vehicle from the Douglas 

Huntington Beach plant for mechanical mate to the T-IIIM. Transportation 

of the Gemini B from the contractor's plant to VAFB will be by air. It 

will go to a Support Building for inspection of shipping damage and for 

installation of pyrotechnics, recovery parachute, flight seats, and 

retro rockets. The Gemini B will then be delivered to the launch 

stand and mechanically mated to the Lab Vehicle. Doors to the environmental shelter'in the Mobile Service Tower will'be closed and the 

subsystem and system tests will be started. Technical support space 

for MOL contractor/subcontractor/Air Force personnel will be provided 

in the Engineering and Operations Building. 

DORIAN Page-70 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 7P:n i` -;' 
NRO APPROVED FOR HANDLE V!A BYEMAN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Part 2 - Schedule 

Figure III-1 summarizes- the major facilities construction schedule. 

Because of AGE (LV and MPSS) delivery times at VAFB, activation times' 

(between Flights 2 and 3) are critical in the overall schedule. 

DORIAN 

viA EYEMAil 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page7iof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
U, 

z 

66 FY 69 1 FY70 I FY71 l FY72 

( ) ) 1 i p ' 

IL x . 10 nil III NM 1,- 

.

1

. .N.. E. E 

. 

. .. 

 .a 

. 

a

.. .... 0 

1 

a 

. 

. 

. m H 1 . . ... r . H 1111 11111 i 

1 

1 in 

.a. 

0F2 

: 

"Iii 

1 

z I a

1 I <: IIIui 

sE I < 

.

4

] 

1

. 

I 

.) 1 g II I 1I 

.•

.X 

! I 

II1II1IIHI 

1 11 

la

,st- 

 I 

IiiI! 1111.1 

0) 

o Fn 

z ro 

0 % liii III 1111011 111111 

• in tO 

1 E 

4 

II 

co 

-> 

x x m 

a pi a 

11 111 tl.. 0 ro IIII 111111 

Lt. 

a) 

CO 111 1 111 

tO 

0 cv 

z I.- ej Z 

0 tO N o 

(f) to csi CO 

• csi et 

"2 I if 

X — 

• 

i 

4 (V 

X Cn 

U. CO U0 

lu - 

4 

,,, 

0 

Z _ 

Z I 0 

CII .04 

< co 

1 

a a•i ;4 ' I STAGING BASE ABORT REC

OVE 

I (CompleteOct 66) 1 -I

2 x -a NI _,_ Readiness MONTH

S1 

I MO L I.:AJNCH COMPLEX I Site Preparation Compl Aug6E 

0 z 

, 

1 Construction 4 I A

GE Installation&Checkout] 

0

. 

MOLS

UPPORT FACILITIES I c 

74 

I Advertise&ContractAward 

I Construction 

9 ., 

FISCAL YEAR 

CALENDAR YEAR 

0 A 
HAN6L'z VIA ..123NiaiAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY. 

NIk) APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Part 3 - Funding Requirements 

Due to refinements and revisions in test philosophies and 

concepts (factory to pad, etc.), and the availability of existing VAFB 

facilities, numerous. changes have been made which reduce the original 

estimate of $8.71-OM for the MOL support facilities. The current 

cost estimates for these facilities are shown in figure and 

include costs for construction of new and/or modifications to existing 

facilities as appropriate. These estimates do not include costs for 

installation and checkout of AGE or other specialized technical 

equipment (these costs are covered by each program segment proViding 

its own peculiar AGE). 

DORIAN 

HANDLE ViA 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page7,8 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
Facilities 

Booster Assembly Building 

Missile Assembly Building 

OONTEOC SYSTEM ONLY 

co 0 0 0 

H 

0 0 

0 

H 

z 

H 

CO 

o 

o H C.1 

ON 0 Co CO H 0 

. . 

cNi Ckl 

H 

H 

H 

t10 

ttO 

.H 

O 

H M W 

d 

0 Gq 

•rt 

tIO 

cd 

- ;-1 

a) 

bU 

t)f) 0 0 -P C/) 

r4 tap cd g 

Cd •i 

a) H 

cd g 

40 

o 

g 0 Cq 0 F-4 (1) 

g 

cd g -P 

F-1 

cd Pi a) a) 40 0 0 

81841E1 -(12.D 

DORIAN 

1-•:ANDL.E V1A BYENIAN 

coN- .:Roc SYSTEM ONLY 

Pagel of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
ViA BYEPLAA 

NRp APPROVED FOR CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECTION IV - PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 

Part 1 - Government 

A. Introduction 

There have been three phases of Air Force management of the 

MOL Program beginning with an interim organization established in 

January 1965 for the initial study phase, and for which executive 

management was assigned to the Under Secretary of the Air Force. 

This was modified in August 1965 for the contract definition phase 

with the establishment of the MOL Program and Systems Offices and 

specific program responsibilities assigned to the Director, MOL, and 

the Director, Special Projects (SAFSP). MOL management is now entering its final phase for the engineering development portion of the 

program. This section describes the AF management arrangement which 

is effective July 1, 1967. 

B. References 

1. Memorandum for Deputy Secretary of Defense from Under 

Secretary of the Air Force, subject: "MOL Management", dated January 

14, 1965. 

2. Memorandum for Secretary of Defense from Secretary of the 

-1 Air Force, subject: "MOL Management ", dated August 24, 1965. 

3. AOL Program Office Program Directive 65-1, Subject: 

-1 

"Management of the MOL Program", dated August 25, 1965. 

4. MOL Program Office Program Directive 65-2, subject: 

"MOL Phase I Program Authority Action", dated August 25, 1966. 

DORIAN 

HANDiX ViA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page 7 c". of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
,,::04.7LE VIA EYE:ViAN 

N112, 0 APPROVED FOR CONTF:OU SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

5. DNRO/Director, MOL Agreement, "MOL Black Financial 

Procedures", dated November 4, 1965. 

6. Memorandum for CSAF and other addressees from Secretary 

of the Air Force, subject: "Delegation of Authority", dated November 

9, 1965. 

7. Memorandum from Assistant Secretary of the Air Force 

(R&D) to Vice Chief of Staff, subject: "MOL Financial. Procedures," 

dated January 19, 1966. 

8. Secretary of the Air Force Order No. 100.1, subject: 

"Functions of Under, Assistant, and Deputy Under Secretaries of the 

Air Force", dated Septembera, 1966. 

9. Secretary of the Air Force Order No. 117.4 subject: 

"Director of the MOL Program", dated September 1, 1966. 

' 10. Memorandum for Director, MOL, from Assistant Secretary of 

the Air Force (R&D), subject: "Authorization to Proceed with the 

Engineering Development Phase of the MOL Program", dated January 13, 

1967. 

11. Memorandum For Director, MOL and Director, SAFSP from 

Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, subject: "Manned Orbiting 

Laboratory Program Management", dated June 1967. 

C. Objectives 

The objectives of the MOL management organization (Figure IV-1), 

and organizational responsibilities are to provide a streamlined 

management structure which will permit the most efficient employment 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page 7 6 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDL! VIA BYE AN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY. 

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

N 

R 

1 

1 

1 

•-] 

I 

1 

1 

1 

of resources, and a single line of authority for management and 

control of the total program effort. The following considerations 

were fundamental in establishing the management philosophy: 

1. Responsive, streamlined, integrated vertical management 

for all aspects of the program. 

2. Highly qualified and experienced program management 

personnel. 

3. Security control compatible with established policies for 

overhead satellite reconnaissance and with program objectives. 

4. Three discrete management levels within the Air Force: 

a. Program policy, guidance and approval. 

b. Program direction. 

c. Program implementation. 

The responsibilities and relationships for each of these levels are 

described ins paragraph D. 

D. Management Responsibilities 

1. Program Policy, Guidance and Approval. 

a. SAF/DNRO 

The Secretary of the Air Force/Director, National 

Reconnaissance Office are responsible for executive management of the 

MOL Program. SAF will be responsible for all Air Force decisions and 

directions pertaining to the MOL program, and is the final reviewing 

DORIAN 

VIA BY

. 

SYSTEM ONLY 

r•7 

Page 

Copy of copy 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

7 7 of pages 

kfiL 

HANDLE 

CONTROT 
rf; 

1, • 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY, 

Page 7 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

and committing authority for the Department of the Air Force on this 

program. He is supported by the MOL Policy Committee which provides 

such advice and assistance as is required, and by the DNRO in those 

areas which interface with the National Reconnaissance Program, MOL 

activities are conducted using both "black" and "white" funding, 

procurement and security procedures. All activities which deal with 

the reconnaissance aspects of the program are handled in the BYEMAN 

control system under the special code work DORIAN. The DNRO is 

responsible for all..National Reconnaissance Program aspects of the 

MOL Program, The SAF/DERO assign management responsibility and, delegate 

commensurate authority to the Director, MOL. 

b. DNRO 

The DNRO provides the DirectOr, MOL with the guidance, 

task assignments, and requirements pertinent to the MOL reconnaissance 

payload development and technical objectives, overall program security, 

and N)L operations as a part of the National Reconnaissance Program. 

In principle, MOL reconnaissance ,operations will be 

conducted in the same manner as current operating projects in the 

National Reconnaissance Program. Field command and control of MOL 

on-orbit operations will be exercised by the Deputy Director, MOL, 

from the Satellite Test Center, using resources of the Satellite 

Control Facility, under the reconnaissance mission control of the 

DNRO through the NRO Satellite Operations Center. 
HANDLE VlA 

CONTROL` SYSTEM SYSTEM ONLY 

RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

The DNRO also chairs the MOL Program Review Council 

(Ref Part 1-B-11). The Council functions include assistance, support 

and advice to SAFRD/DNRO on matters requiring their personal attention, 

action, or decision, and identification of items requiring attention 

of the MOL Policy Committee. 

2. Program Direction 

a. Director, MOL 

The Director, MOIL reports directly to SAF/DNRO. The 

Director, MOL is responsible to establish, manage and conduct, in 

accordance with DNRO guidelines, task assignments and requirements.for 

all aspects of the approved MOL program. as assigned by the SAF and 

by the overall provisions of this management plan. He is the principal 

operating agent for the direction of the MOL program. Operating 

activities include overall system performance, integration, testing, 

coordinating and planning; advanced studies, research, development, 

test and improvement of performance and effectiveness of manned 

military satellite vehicles; utilization of Air Force personnel and 

resources, in addition to any other resources assigned. He and his 

Washington office are located in the Pentagon near the offices of SAF. 

His office handles the Hq USAF and other Washington area Air Force 

staffing of the program including liaison with other Government agencies. 

His office provides complete and timely program status information 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

Page-17 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

.734, V., 01, • 
vITA 

toNTR0V. SYSTEM ONLY 1R0 APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

available in comprehensive form for OSAF and OSD review. He is 

responsible for keeping selected senior members of the Air Staff 

personally informed concerning the MOL program. Major Air Staff 

offices and Commands (such as DCS/R&D, SAFOI, SAC, etc.) may provide 

a well-qualified officer for full-time duty as part of the office of 

the Director, MOL. Such officers will expedite functional support 

which the Director, MOL may determine necessary for the MOL Program, 

and will assist in keeping their parent offices or Commands informed. 

The Vice Director, MOL, is also a General officer and is the 

principal assistant and advisor to the Director, MOL, coordinating 

the activities of all offices under the supervision and command of 

the Director, MOL. He acts with full authority of the Director, MOL, 

except in those responsibilities specifically reserved to the Director, 

MOL by the directives of higher authority. All action taken by him 

has the same force and effect as though taken by Director, MOL. 

The AFSC Deputy Chief of Staff for Procurement and Production has 

been designated as Assistant Director, MOL (Procurement) and is responsible for all MOL Program contracting. To discharge this responsibility, 

the Secretary of the Air Force has delegated him special contract 

change and waiver authority for those covert contracts which are 

necessary to protect the security of the MOL reconnaissance mission, 

the association of the MOL Program with the NRP, and the relationship 

between the MOL Program and System Offices, and the National Reconnaissance Office. 

DORTAN 

iiANDLE VIA 13YEMAN 

.CONTR Ot SYSTEM ONLY ' 1 

Pagei?O of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3. Program Implementation 

The Director, MOL has established a strong Systems 

Office, under the Deputy Director, MOL, located at SSD, El Segundo, 

California. The Systems Office is supported by the Aerospace 

Corporation to perform general systems engineering and technical 

direction for the MOL Program. Their functions and responsibilities 

are described in paragraph E. 

The Deputy Director, MOL, a general Officer, is responsible 

for implementing all program direction by the Director, MOL for design, 

development, test and evaluation. He is also responsible for overall 

mission operations, including man's safety during all phases of manned 

flight, proper and safe functioning of the flight vehicle, planning 

for and exercise of on-orbit control of the vehicle and reconnaissance 

payload in response to intelligence collection tasks established by 

the DNRO or his designee. SAFSP and SAMSO offices provide the required 

functional assistance to the Deputy DireCtor, MOL to fulfill his 

overall responsibilities. 

The Deputy Director, MOL implements established NRO and 

AF security procedures for activities under his control. 

The Deputy Director, MOL is responsible for overall toplevel systems integration and general system engineering and technical 

direction. The overall system consists of all hardware, software, 

and personnel elements required for launch through recovery, including 

that software which is directly involved with selecting camera programs 

DORIAN Page Ffof pages 

Copy of copies 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

'coi,41-7.01: SYSTEM ONLY 
RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE1JULYN15 HANDLE VIA viii 

CONTROL" SYSTEM ONLY 

2,YE 

t:c1,17:=Z01.: SYSTEM ONLY 

and orbit profiles in response to intelligence collection requirements. 

He is responsible for the development, acquisition and integration 

of the Gemini B, the Laboratory Module, and the Mission Module. The 

Deputy Director, MOL is also responsible for all technical liaison 

at field level with other military services and NASA. 

The Deputy Director, MOL has a MOL Systems Office under 

his direct control and supervision. This office is manned and 

organized to perform functions peculiar to the MOL program, and • 

provides guidance to supporting agencies in accordance with policies 

and procedures established by the Director, MOL for the conduct of 

this program. Office and agencies participating in major elements 

of the MOL program may furnish well-qualified personnel for full-time 

duty as part of the program office to provide the Deputy Director, MOL 

the resources necessary for the most efficient and effective conduct 

of the MOL program. 

From funds provided through the Director, MOL, and in 

his capacity as Deputy Commander, SAMSO, for MOL, he obtains the 

following hardware and services from the normal SAMSO offices 

established to handle these areas: all launch and booster vehicles, 

selected AGE, selected equipment and services, launch pads and facilities. 

For range and tracking station equipments and services funded by 

other program elements the Deputy Director, MOL is responsible for 

insuring that his requirements are furnished on .a timely basis to the 

proper offices and the Director, MOL. 

DORIAN Page5?2of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

1 
HANDLE VIA E.;;Vi\■ ig'il\ 

CONTROL SYSTEM 0141.:( ROAPPROVEDFOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

All SAMSO offices provide functional support as requested 

by the Deputy Commander, SAMS°, for MOL, but, except for such requested 

support, are not involved in the MOL program management. 

4. Director, SAFSP 

The Director, SAFSP, provides his reconnaissance satellite 

experience directly to the MOL Program by virtue of his membership on 

the MOL Program Review Council. Additional responsibilities of the 

Director, SAFSP, to the DNRO with regard to the MOL Program include: 

a. The management of certain sensor or sensor-related 

technology contracts intended in whole or in part for later inclusion 

in the approved MOL Program. 

b. Joint cOordination of MOL and Special Projects 

. activities at Vandenberg AFB and involving the Satellite Control Facility. 

c. Surveillance of critical optical contractor 

resources which must be applied to both MOL and other elements of 

the NRP. 

d. The provision of BYEMAN-secure communications 

support to the MOL Systems Office. 

e, The prOvision of BYEMAN-security support to the 

Deputy Director) MOL, in the form of processing personnel background 

investigations for the MOL Program, the establishment of the BYEMAN 

,I:learability of both military and industrial persons, and general 

advice and guidance relatedto the security inspection of facilities, 

security plan preparation, etc. 

DORIAN PageF3of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA 13Y i.-.MAN 

tONTROE: SYSTEM ONLY 

1 

.**1■■■••■■••••■••••■•■■•■■•■■••■■■•■••••■•■••••■•••■ 
}-1ANDL:E: VIA 6YEA'IRN 

NRO APPROVED FOR ,CONTROL` 'SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

5. Commander, AFSC 

The Commander, AFSC, who is also the Director, MOL, is 

directly responsible to SAF for insuring that AFSC provides, on a 

continuing basis, the facility, equipment, personnel, etc., resources 

necessary to properly support the MOL Program. In the event that MOL 

requirements exceed AFSC capabilities, the matter shall be referred 

directly to SAF or the DNRO, as appropriate. 

E. GSE/TD Role of Aerospace Corporation 

The Aerospace Corporation supports the MOL Program in the 

major area of General Systems Engineering and Technical Direction 

(GSE/TD). Aerospace participation in the MOL Program is established 

and organized to accomplish specific technical and scientific tasks as 

requested by the Deputy Director, MOL. 

Aerospace assists the Deputy Director, MOL in activities 

which include design reviews, flight test qualification, overall System 

Specification and technical review of contractor data. 

Aerospace activity will assist in performing technical 

assessment and in-house analysis to arrive at a quantitative basis 

for design verification. In particular, they will continue to assess 

design modifications and the weight, power and resolution criticality 

of the MOL Program vehicles. The timeliness of the activity is most 

important to minimize the technical risk in the development tests 

which follow immediately thereafter. They will also assist in the 

evaluation of development test plans, procedures, instrumentation, and 

methods for data analysis. 

DORIAN PageYqof pages 

Copy of copies 

r,r, SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

.t/ANorx EYEIVIA. 

ZONE OE SYSTM ON1.Y 
VIA i7.YE:v 

NRO APPROVED FOR CONTROL: SYSTEM CNLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

The necessary level of effort will be maintained throughout 

the Engineering Development Phase to support the MOL Systems Office 

in the preparation and conduct of Technical Direction and Interface 

Meetings. The necessary contractor coordination, meeting preparations, 

and follow-up with associated Aerospace in-house studies, will require 

continuous effort in this area. 

a. Aerospace Corporation NTS Requirements 

FY67 FY68 FY69 FY7o FY71 FY72 

MOL Program Support* 

GSE/TD-DORIAN Effort 49' 50 50 50 50 40 

GSE/TD-Other '187 - _ 226 243 260 260 200 

TOTAL 236 276 293 310 310 240 

b. Aerospace Corporation Funding Requirements 

FY67 FY68 FY69 FY70 FY71 FY72 TOTAL 

MOL Program Support* 

GSE/TD-DORIAN Effort 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 14.2 

GSE/TD-Other 4.3 11.3 12.2 13.0 13.0 10.4 64.2 

TOTAL 6.5 13.8 14.7 15.5 15.5 12.4 78.4 

* GSE/TD effort in support of T-IIIM is provided in the funding for 

that system segment. 

DORIAN Page' of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

iANOLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

1 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

1 

o 

o 

w 

0 

DORIAN 

• 

. ; .11f1!:tV,1 I I I., I . I I 

Page F6 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAM BYE 21170-67 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

.CONTROL.' SYSTEM ONLY 

7 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 liANOLZ VIA 2,YElv14-V4 

CONTROL': SYSTEM ONLY 

SECTION V - ADVANCED STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY 

Part 1. Scope 

A. Objectives 

This Section describes advanced studies and technology which, 

while not included in the basic MOL system, are prerequisite to any 

exploitation of the initial baseline capability and the achievement of 

advanced MOL capabilities. 

The focus of advanced planning in the MOL program, as set 

forth in the August 1965 Memorandum for the President from the 

Secretary of Defense, is on the ultimate achievement of the best 

resolution permitted by atmospheric conditions.. Subordinate to this 

primary goal, but still of fundamental concern, is the determination 

of the utility and feasibility of other applications of the MOL capability 

as an earth-orbital space vehicle. 

Translating these broad goals into more specific terms, the 

objectives of the MOL Advanced Study and Technology effort are to: 

1. Contribute to improvement or extension of the baseline 

capability in terms of application to any follow-on program. 

2. Determine how the baseline capability can be increased 

to the limits of the natural environment, the state of technology, and 

operational practicality. 

3. Devise and evaluate the feasibility and utility of new 

applications of MOL hardware developed in the baseline program. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA aYEMAN 

tONT1201.1' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page f pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

L)L V I A v I LIVA.Fs:'s 

tONTRO SYSTEM ONLY 

1.. The Advanced Study and Technology effort described below 

is aimed at the achievement of resolution in 

the 1975 and subsequent time period. Other applications of MOL hardware are envisioned as being possible at any time after the baseline 

capability is demonstrated. In the discussion that follows, near-term 

specific projects and tasks are identified whereever possible, while 

activity further in the future is necessarily summarized in more general 

terms. The time-phasing of this advanced planning activity is depicted 

in Part 2, with commensurate funding estimates shown in Part 3. 

B. Advanced Studies 

The advanced study requirements are shown in detail for 

FY 1968 and 1969. Some will continue into FY. 1970. Undoubtedly, 

. additional study requirements will arise during the course of the basic 

MOL development program. Therefore, a planning funding level of effort 

is shown in Part 3 for all subsequent years. 

1. Advanced Optical System Studies 

Achievement of the ultimate goal of 

-/ resolution will require an optical system significantly larger than the 

present program. Tracking mirrors up to about in diameter 

are feasible under existing technology. Larger size optics will 

probably require new construction methods primarily due to insufficient 

structural rigidity during test and handling in the earth gravitation 

environment. Ground resolution improves with increasing mirror 

diameters of up. to about where vehicle vibration, atmospheric 

DORIAN 

vifi 3YEMAN 

CoNTRoc SYSTEM ONLY 

Page? g of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
V!A 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

,■r■swir■■■• 

Nil? 0 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

turbulence, reduced field of view, weight, and other system factors 

assume much greater significance. The present state of technology, 

projected reasonably into the future, should permit the acquisition 

of optical systems capable of_photographic ground resolution. 

Additional studies will be performed during FY 1968 and 

FY 1969 to determine the most promising optical system designs which 

have_ground resolution potential. As a part of these studies, 

particular consideration will be given to stabilization, pointing, and 

vehicle vibrations, and these will be iterated against a number of 

launch vehicle considerations. Weight reduCtion and elimination of 

the large tracking flat will also be investigated. Materials and 

mirror structure design considering casting and fabrication techniques 

. will be investigated. 

2. Advanced Vehicle Studies 

Preliminary investigation of growth avenues for improved 

MOL systems has led to study objectives for both larger integral 

launch vehicles and rendezvous-resupply vehicles which utilize the 

basic MOL hardware. Specific growth objectives include improved 

system economics through longer duration, improved operational flekibility, and improved mission performance through additive and growth 

payloads. 

The integral launch vehicle growth favors the Titan III 

"large diameter core" booster concept which would provide a substantial 

increase in payload capability over the T-IIIM. However, no R&D 

DORIAN 

*1-07,NDLE ViA CYEN11;.ii 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page? y of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
i0APPROVEDFOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA SYL.L0 

CONTROL SYSTEM oW64 

effort is being expended on the concept at this time. The alternate 

approach is based on adaptation of the basic MOL hardware to a 

rendezvous-resupply system which would substantially increase on-orbit 

payload capability and provides the potential of continuous on-orbit 

operations for periods up to one year or more. .Alternative or 

complementary payloads may also be accommodated due to relaxation of, 

the basic payload weight limitation associated with integral launch. 

An exploratory study contract to verify the rendezvousresupply concept has been let with the Douglas Company and will be 

completed early in FY 1968. Refinements on this approach will be 

conducted in-house during FY 1968, as well as continued investigations 

of integral launch potential; In addition, more general investigations 

of immediate follow-on options to the basic MOL will be conducted to 

provide a spectrum of time, money and capability trade-offs, and the 

impact thereof for decision making. The results of this effort will 

be required for the FY 1970 budgetary planning cycle. 

3. Vulnerability Studies 

Essential to the proper design of a military operational 

system is the study of techniques for reducing its vulnerability to 

hostile attack, and other hazardous environments in space. General 

Electric has conducted an initial study to examine the automatic MOL 

configuration in a hostile space environment. This study included 

delineation of the spectrum of'defense aids and operational strategies 

in relation to mission orbital parameters and potential threats. 

DORIAN PagdiVof page 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

;KOLL' VIA 2YEMAN 

CONTRO2 SYsTEM ONLY 
aia HANDLE VIA BYEMANI 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY \IRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

A preliminary evaluation of the threat spectrum has been 

done "in-house", ranging from solar flares to direct nuclear attack, 

with varying degrees of probability. On the basis of these probabilities, 

determination of vulnerability study tasks will be made with respect 

to high-probability threats, and appropriate survival measures will 

be evaluated consistent with using crew tolerance levels as the key 

limit in a maximum permissible damage situation. Once a specification 

has been defined, MOL subsystems will be analyzed to determine whether 

the criteria can be met, and within what constraints and costs. Some 

contracted effort to analyze or test specific soft items will be considered once a general understanding of MOL vulnerability is understood 

with respect to an agreed upon specification. 

4. SIGINT Studies 

Effort is underway to investigate SIGINT systems which 

could be used in growth versions of the photographic version of MOL, 

or independently of the optical sensor, to perform more sophisticated 

SIGINT missions. These latter studies and simulations will be concerned 

first with determining those SIGINT missions which can be best or 

uniquely performed by man, and then with the hardware necessary to these 

missions. Additionally, such SIGINT configurations may include systems 

or subsystems which are initially checked out and adjusted by an 

operator and subsequently operate in an automatic mode. 

Investigation of more sophisticated SIGINT missions will 

be in the form of system studies and simulations based on data obtained 

DORIAN 

HP.NDLE VIA EYEMI:In 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

PageWof page 

copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
RO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTRO SYSTEM ONLY 

from aircraft test programs, on-going orbital collection programs and 

associate data processing and analysis which have been implemented. 

These studies will be. concluded in the early part of FY 1968 at which 

time further efforts will be considered. 

5. Mission Optimization Studies 

Additional effort in the form of studies, analyses, and 

simulations is required to maximize the usefulness and extend the 

present DORIAN capability. This effort consists of the following 

tasks which will be conducted during FY 1968. 

a. Color 

The use of color in current reconnaissance systems 

has been limited, since the photographic users are not willing to 

sacrifice the inherent high resolution of black and white for the 

color advantages. With the MOL system, both color and black and white 

frames may be obtained of the same target in a stereo pair. Stereo 

viewing of this pair appears to provide the resolution of black and 

white while at the same time enhancing camouflage detection and other 

discrimination characteristics of color. The improvement afforded by 

this technique requires thorough investigation. 

b. Image Enhancement 

By combining several photographic frames of the same' 

objective, each with particular areas of high quality, information 

content may be increased over a single frame. This technique will be 

analyzed as it applies to the MOL system. 

DORIAN Page9Zof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

HANDLE VIA BYENIAN 

CcNTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

T 
i-IANDLE•viA BYEMAN 1 CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

R0 APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

c. Astronomical Observation 

An astronomical observation capability will be 

included in the baseline system, on a no-modification basis, and 

that activity is now reflected in the operations section of this document. 

Further study of the DORIAN system in this regard will be addressed 

to' the feasibility of enhancement of the capability by minimum modifications to the MOL DORIAN system. As a first step, investigation 

will be made of feasible changes to the camera back to determine if 

extended exposure times to obtain photography of the outer planets 

would provide a serious impact to the baseline camera design. 

d. System Filtering and IR 

Intelligence information concerning some targets may 

be best gained by'use of special film emulsions such as IR or special 

spectrum filtering such as red and green bands only. A study to 

determine the applicability of the MOL system is extracting intelligence 

information from all types of target images is highly desirable. 

C. Advanced Technology 

Specific advanced technology requirements are shown for FY 1968 

and FY 1969. Some effort will be continued through FY 1970. Further 

efforts in hardware beyond FY 1970 will depend on the results of the 

Advanced Study area. 

Requirements now identified include Cer-Vit development and 

test, and an Electromagnetic Pointing System. 

1 

DORIAN 

1--ANDLk: VIA BYEMAN 

CCNT71-DL SYSTEM ONL 

Page?3of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYE6LIN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

1. Cer-Vit Development and Test 

Effort is now being expended by Owens-Illinois Glass 

Company toward the development and manufacture of Cer-Vit material for 

the MOL primary and tracking mirrors to replace fuzed silica. Cer-Vit 

has a very low coefficient of expansion which will eliminate many of 

the present thermal problems and permit substantial weight savings in 

thermal protective devices. Cer-Vit has equivalent polishability 

characteristics and rigidity per unit weight as compared to fused silica. 

The development effort is directed towards the production and test of 72-inch diameter Cer-Vit blanks to determine if they 

can replace the fused silica mirror which is the primary material for 

the DORIAN optical system. - The present facilities of Owens-Illinois 

have been expanded to produce the 72 inch blanks. An additional $2.0 

million was:applied for the design, casting and test of several blanks 

to determine if this material, with its superior properties over fUzed 

silica, can be adapted as the primary mirror material. Assuming success 

in fabrication and polishing, a decision could be made by the 3rd'or 

4th quarter of FY 1968 to replace fuzed silica with Cer-Vit. 

Once an acceptable 72 inch blank is polished to proper 

specifications, the next step would be to contract for a number of 

production blanks. 

2. Electromagnetic Pointing System 

Studies have been completed to develop a small, light-weight, 

auxiliary sensor system to enhance the system effectiveness of the MOL 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

Pageof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
11R0 APPROVED FOR 

F1ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL`. SYSTEM ONLY 

primary optical sensor. This dual sensor operation would use an 

Electromagnetic Point System (EPS) capable of identifying. and locating 

emitters with sufficient accuracy to assure they fall within the 

field-of-view of the High Resolution Optics. Additionally, the system 

could provide the ability to analyze specific high priority signals, 

The EPS which has been evaluated would consist of an 

interferometer type direction finder covering the frequency range of 

150 - 10,000 Mega-Hertz. It would utilize information stored in the 

computer to compare signal parameters of intercept data with those of 

desired signals. Overall system weight, including antennas, would 

be approximately 500 pounds; peak power less than 250 watts, and total 

volune less than 5 cubic feet inboard. The antenna system would be 

fixed to the outer skin at the rear of the vehicle. It would be 

covered by a fairing during launch and automatically deployed on 

operational command. 

Integration costs have been estimated for inclusion 

of this capability in a baseline vehicle; however, at, this time, it 

appears to be a more desirable feature when considered for follow-on 

longer duration operations, particularly in the rendezvous-resupply 

concept. The schedule for an EPS in Figure V-1 is laid out against 

a potential follow-on MOL system target date. The time span back to 

a Phase I decision point is also indicated. Since the EPS study and 

experimentation has brought this technology to the Phase I decision 

point, no additional interim work is contemplated at this time. 

DORIAN 

HANDL 1

1 E VIA EYENN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

PageT,of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NI 0 APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA EYEI 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

Part 2 - Schedule 

Figure V-1 is a schedule of studies and advanced technology, 

arranged in manner which will be consistent with the current baseline 

schedule, and useful to follow-on MOL activities. 

I 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA EYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
t n 

0 R, u_ 

> o — 

ce 0_ L.1-1 0_ CO 

< < 

0w z c 

X 4) 

(NI 

P-- 

..z 4 

0) 2 is so X 

w d IL. - `Ca 

0 sr u) o 

z rg z 

0 0 

(A 7( :,* c r 1 

< 

• a 

F - 

11 ill 

M _ M 

a a . 

M V NM 2 

IL. to 

IV I I II IMO IL 

a a 

. . 

a 0 

. . 

< < 

0 f■• -2 

CY) -, 

1 

2 

. 1 2 

< o 

. 

< 

rY 

2 2 

u_ 

li 

LL 

-2 

I 

-2 

0 

Z 

o 

vL In 

.1 < 

W -5 

11 

III 1 

11 

01 -, -2 

2 

< . < 

: 

I I I 

.-IEM U IIINIMII ■NIN NIMI ■ .- 

i N 11 III 11111 IlEr 

. . ........... 

1 is i :IT " min ., •

. o ii RN 11111 ES 1111 111 .ip WIU MI MIMI IMMINIEI 2 0 0 in m 1 < I 1 

,... .. z 

02 I 

i 

I 0 

U) 

Cr I 

I 1111 

-3 

L' 

I 

■ I 

ct 

FISCAL YEAR I 

SystemTechnologyStudy — 

SystemDefinition 

3. VehicleStudies 

ConceptStudies 

Configuration&MissionStuclis 

SystemDefinition 

:. VulnerabilityStudies 

). SIGINT Studies 

MissionOptimizationStudieH 

)VANCED TECHNOLOGY • 1. Cervit(mirrormaterial) 

Fabricationof blanks 

Polishing&Testing 

B.Electronic PointingSystem 

Design&Development 

Fabrication& Testing FirstFlight Article 

L 
R10 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

• HANDLE VIA BYE:MAN 

CONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

Part 3 - Funding Requirements 

Figure V-2 contains the estimated FY funding requirements necessary 

to support the studies and technology described in Part 1 and the 

schedule contained in Part 2. 

The funds for FY 1969 and beyond represent an added requirement 

to the basic program cost estimate of $2.35 billion. 

DORIAN. 

HAN:DLE. \tip, BYEMAN 

CONTP,74sE: SYSTEM ONLYJ. 

2 

Pagegeof pages 

Copy of copies. 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
11.1 

Z CY 

Fiscal Year I 

Total 

n 

. 

-..• 

0 

. 

MD 

N- 

. 

-t' CO .../' 

C\.1 H 

LIN 

t.r■ 

CO • CO H 

N • 

H 

L.8 1 

01 

• H CV 

N- 

' crl crl 

N N- I 0 I 

I 0 t 

I 0 

I 

I 0 I 

I 0 

i 

I 0 

I 

1 0 

I 

0 

• N 

I 0 1 

I-I 

. 

H 

N 

H 

N 

H N- 0 

. 

N 

0 

. 

r--I 

tr \ 

. 

H 

0 

. Lr\ 

H 

. 

H 

. 

N- ■.0 

O\ 

ON 

0 N- tn 

. 

r-I 

0 

• 01 

I 0 I N H CO 

-.I0 

01 

0 

Lr• 

0 

H 

trN tr\ 

01 

cr1 

-.t. H 

\ 0 

0 

H 

L.N 

8-1 

al H L(\ Cn 

(r) 

0 

H 

CO 

H 

H H 0 

01 

01 

\O 

68 I 

I 0 I 

11\ 

• 

I 0 I 1 0 

i 

I 0 I 

I 0 

I 

I 0 

I 

H 

H 

Activity 

Advanced Studies 

Advanced Optical System Studies AdvancedVehicle Studies 

Vulnerability Studies 

SIGINT Studies 

Mission Optimization Studies 

H 

al 

0 

4-3 

.0 0 

rn 

[-Advanced Technology 

Cer-Vit Development andTest 

Large. Optical Systems Technology 

Electromagnetic Pointing. System InformatioiManagement Concepts 

Subtotal 

Grand Total 

• DORIAN Page 5/ 9of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANCLE VIA BYEMANI 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY] 

VI - MANPOWER 

This Section which will describe current 

and projected Government and contractor manpoWer 

requirements will be added in the near future. 

DORIAN 

:?A`:DL = VIA EVEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY. 

Page/a0of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRO APPROVED FOR HANDLE: VIA BYEMAN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 COROL: SYSTEM ONLY N T 

SECTION VII - ASTRONAUT TRAINING 

Part 1- Flight Crew Training 

A. Phase Description 

The objective of the MOL Flight Crew Training Program is to 

provide flight certified space crews trained to accomplish the MOL 

mission. The objectives and the established Flight Crew Training 

Concept and Implementation Plan are included as part of a formal Flight 

Crew Training and Activities Plan. 

Flight Crew training consists of the four basic phases described 

as follows: 

1. Phase I - Indoctrination 

An Indoctrination Phase is conducted at the MOL Systems 

Office as an introduction to the MOL Program and as a prerequisite to 

the Aerospace Research Pilot Course. Phase duration is two months. 

During this indoctrination, the crew member:is given general knowledge 

on all aspects of MOL. This is accomplished through briefings at the 

MOL SPO and field trips to NASA and contractor facilities. Tentative 

duty assignments for the Engineering Development - Crew Integration Phase 

are made during this period. 

2. Phase II - MOL ARPS (Aerospace Research Pilots'School) 

The MOL ARPS course is conducted at Edwards AFB, California, 

and consists of classroom, flying, and simulator training. Phase duration 

DORIAN 

AN7..L.E. VIA SYEMAN 

—1 'CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/O/of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

.'"""'"7C1,:tit"rk14""•••■ 
VL4 

CONTEE.E SYSTEM ONLY, 

NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

is five months. The objective of the course is to provide the 

crew member with technical courses related to MOL vehicle systems, 

operations procedures, and mission plans. Classroom instruction 

is provided in subjects as technical background to the MOL or as 

special courses uniquely MOL oriented. Subject material consists of 

higher mathematics, astronomy, structures, guidance and control, etc., 

plus MOL mission peculiar courses. Instructors are provided by ARPS, 

contractors, civilian agencies, and Aerospace Corporation. The simulator 

training is accomplished on the T-27 space flight simulator using MOL 

ascent, orbital, and re-entry parameters. (The T-27 space flight 

simulator, which was Originally developed for the Dynasoar Program, 

has since been modified for-Gemini B/MOL training.) 

3. Phase III - Engineering Development and Crew Integration 

The Engineering Development Crew Integration Phase involves 

active participation of the crew member in the design and development 

of hardware and the determination of operations procedures. This is a 

continuous training effort throughout the remaining period of time 

before assignment to a flight. Each crew member is assigned an area 

of responsibility which he operationally and technically monitors and 

to which he provides crew inputs. Government agency, contractor, and 

other supported training is also accomplished during this period. 

Contractor courses are provided on an as required basis. MOL Systems 

Office training includes background, environmental, and contingency 

training. 

DORIAN Page/641,f pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 XAN.:LE VIA ;:3YEN" 

CONTIWE SYSTEM ONLY. 
NITRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

.vi:; EEM AN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

4. Phase IV - Pre-Flight Training 

Upon assignment to a specific orbital flight, the primary 

and backup crews will commence 12 months training as prescribed by the 

formal Preflight Training Plan. The majority of Preflight Training 

will be conducted in the simulator at Vandenberg AFB, California. The 

total MOL Mission Simulator is composed of three sub-simulators, the 

Gemini B Procedures Simulator (GBPS), the Laboratory Module Simulation 

Equipment (LMSE), and the Mission Payload Simulation Equipment (MPSE). 

Each of these sub-simulators can be operated independently and concurrently or in integration with the others. Training consists of 

systems, part and whole mission simuIations,• and courses on systemS, 

all aspects of operations, and mission plans. 

The scheduling of these four phases of training for one groUp 

of trainees is illustrated in Figure VII-1. 

In addition to the four training phases, proficiency 

flying and physical training are conducted throughout the life of the 

program. 

B. General 

Contractor training support is covered in separate contracts 

with associate contractors. Each Associate provides inputs to the Flight 

Crew Activities Plan on a semi-annual basis until the publication of 

the Flight Crew Training Plan by the Systems Office. Training require-. 

ment updates are required from the contractors prior to each manned 

DORIAN Pageg3of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE.21170-67 

HANDLE .V/A BYEMAN 

;CONTROL?. SYSTEM ONLY C, 7;Y7.1T-T . 
N./iA SYE...tvAN 

t:CN7ROI.: SYSTEM ONLY NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-t 

launch. All training equipment used shall be supplied, modified, or 

refurbished by the contractors. This includes the government furnished 

equipment from NASA. There are eight major training hardware items. 

These are: 

1. Laboratory Module Simulation Equipment 

The Laboratory Module Simulation Equipment (LMSE) provides 

functional simulation of all subsystems characteristics that affect 

the operation of the Laboratory Module and the Crew Interface. 

2. Mission Payload Simulation Equipment 

The Mission Payload Simulation Equipment (MDSE) function ' 

is identical to the Lab Module Simulation Equipment. 

3. Gemini B.ProcedUres Simulator 

The Gemini B Procedures Simulator (GBPS) will be used to 

train the Flight Crew and Ground Controllers in the Launch, Ascent, 

Early. Orbit, and Re-entry portions.of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory 

(MOL) flight profile. (These three simulators, operating simultaneously 

with the Mission Control Center and Satellite Control Facility, provide 

total mission simulation). 

4. Zero "G" Trainer 

Zero "G" trainer simulation may use a series of simulators, 

including the C-135 Flight using Keplarian trajectories, underwater,.and 

air-bearing platforms. 

DORIAN 

-:.'AN01-5: VIA BYEMAN 

-C-CNTROU SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/g/of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

—T 

1 
V;A 

NROAPPROVEDFOR CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1JULY2M5 

5. Abort Trainer 

The Abort Trainer provides a concentrated detection and 

crew action activity limited to abort. 

'6. Flotation-Egress Trainer 

A mockup of the Gemini B provides experience for the crew 

in post-landing flotation and emergency escape in the event the spacecraft begins to leak. 

7. Centrifuge Trainer 

Provides experience for crew activities during powered 

flight. 

8. Development Simulator No. 2 

This is an early mission payload simulator that permits 

early examination of design and operation of the mission segment. 

The general training support funding required is as follows: 

FY 67 FY 68 FY 69 FY 70 FY 71 FY 72 Total 

(in millions) $.150 $.280 $:525 $.525 $.350 $.350 $2.180 

This funding includes special courses, planetarium training and 

reimbursable training at government facilities for water egress, launch 

abort, centrifuge, parachute and zero-g training. 

DORIAN 

BYENTAN 

.CONTROa :-..:1:1TEM ONLY 

Page/656fMiDages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

' 
a 

C 

N 

6 64 

v 

N gar. 

■■•■••■• 

"T 

to I 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

arr.. ow. 

111 

C 

YT ests/Checko 

4.1.1 

U 

z 

= 1•11•10 =MIS" 0111■ NeNIMP 

r •••111111. 11•1=1111■ 11•1111•••• ••■•■ /IMMO 

■■•■••■• ••■••• .11■■• reg■ •••■ •1•111111M 

TTTTT 

U 

O 

C 

C a 0 U 

- 1•1•11■ MEM. ••■■ 41100, —J 

.11•1■101. 61•••■ ••■■11•11 

c c4 o 

g

LL

• 

n 

tol 4 8 C2 

a cs, 

C 0 

0 0 

tin 

0 c' u_ " 

0111- 

8

,D HARST_KA BYEMAN 

a. w CONTROI! SYSTEM ONLY 

a¢ 

< 

0 1 

z 

i)-age /06. o f p6..ges 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
I

NRO APPROVED FOR 

HANDLE VIA B'IEMAi 

RELEASE 1JULY2015 CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

VIII - LOGISTIC SUPPORT 

The Logistic Support Section will be 

included in thid plan in the near future. 

DORIA.N Page/Obf pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

RAN, L% VA BYE MAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 
RO APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

coNTRou SYSTEM ONLY 

SECTION IX - SECURITY AND INFORMATION 

Part 1. General 

A. Purpose 

This section describes the security control of MOL data and 

information for all classification levels through TOP SECRET/DORIAN. 

B. References 

1. Special Security Procedures for the Department of Defense, 

Manned Orbiting Laboratory (undated, TOP SECRET/DORIAN, BYE 36102-65). 

This document delineates the BYEMAN information 

from non-BYEMAN and unclassified elements of the 

program, i.e., it sets forth actual classification 

policy. 

2. Security Policies and Procedures for the Department of 

Defense, Manned Orbiting Laboratory (February 19, 1965, CONFIDENTIAL). 

3. Air Force Systems Command Security Classification Guide for 

Program 632A (April 1967),(UNCLASSIFIED). 

Reference B2 and B3 set forth security classification 

for the non-BYEMAN elements of the:program; they were prepared in a manner to assist in providing a cover for the 

BYEMAN aspects of the Program. Care must be taken with 

these documents, not to confuse or consider the contents 

as applicable to the actual MOL BYEMAN mission elements. 

4. MOL Program Office Directive 67-1, Policy Relating to MOL 

Astronauts (TOP SECRET/DORIAN, BYE 21277-66). 

This document outlines the security and information 

policy for MOL astronauts with emphasis on their selection, 

training and operational use. 

DORIAN 

1—!;%ra VIA 13YEMI-01 

ON-TIROL: SYSTEM ONLY; 

Page/02?of pages 

Copy of copies. 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NANOCE 

coNTRoL 

V1 BYEiViAN 

SYSTEM ONta 

Page/ of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

DORIAN 

a7 

•••••••••4'..""' 2: In r APPROVED FOR 

ELEASE1JULY2015 HANDLE VIA BYENAN 

CONTROL:: SYSTEM ONLY 

5. MOL Program Information Plan (January 1965, CONFIDENTIAL). 

The MOL Program Information Plan and. Annexes contain 

basic information policy and assign responsibility for 

implementing action (CONFIDENTIAL). 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 'FiANDLE VIA BY 1 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY. 

1 

Part 2. Security 

A. Security Responsibility 

1. The Director, MOL, is responsible to the DNRO for 

implementation of security within the MOL Program. The Assistant 

for Security, NRO Staff, functions as the principal advisor to DNRO 

and the Director, MOL, on ell matters related to security of the NOL 

Program. 

The Director, SAFSP, as the West Coast representative of the 

DNRO: 

a. Processes background investigations for the MOL Program 

through established OSI channels. 

b. Establishes clearbility of both military and industrial 

persons. 

c. Provides BYEMAN-secure TWX service on a common-use 

basis. 

d. Provides BYEMAN security assistance to the Deputy 

Director, NOL, in the form of advice, inspection of facilities, security 

plan preparation, etc. 

2. Responsibility for enforcing security requirements follows 

the same staff channels as does management responsibility described in 

Section II, Part 1. 

3. Within MOL contractor facilities, the Deputy Director, IvDL, 

is responsible for the management of contracts, and is responsible for 

establishing and enforcing the security requirements of the contract. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA EYEIWAN 

CONTROL"' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page e of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 .'r 

- 1 -7 
NI120 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA SYEMAN 

=NTT-Mt SYSTEM ONLY 

B. Level of Information 

The MOL Program is involved with handling and control of 

information protected under AFR 205-1 classified up through TOP SECRET, 

and Special Access Required data, controlled under provisions of AFR 

205-23. The program also uses BYEMAN and other selected information 

controlled under policies contained in the security manuals in effect 

to control such information. 

C. Security Controls of Work Areas 

For effective program direction, both the MOL Program Office 

(SAFSL) and the MOIL Systems Office (SAFSL-1) meet the physical security 

requirements for handling, storing, receiving and dispatching all 

levels of classified information associated with the MOL Program. 

D. Special Clearance Actions 

1. BYEMAN Projects Access for MOL Program 

a. Access to BYEMAN projects is obtained after access 

clearability and Project need-to-know are substantiated. For the MOL 

Program Office, access clearability is vested in AFNIN and Project 

need-to-know, with the DNRO. For the MOL Systems Office, supporting 

military activities and its contractors, access clearability and needto-know for BYEMAN information other than DORIAN is vested in SAFSP. 

Authority of the MOL Systems Office for establishing need-to-know 

for DORIAN is discussed below. 

DORIAN 

_ 7 HANDLE VIA SVEN= 

CONTROL': SYSTEM ONLY 

Page/// of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
N 

R 

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANIDI:71 VfA: BYEMAN 

CONTROL. SYSTEM ONLY 

b. The Deputy Director, MOL, has authority to 'establish 

DORIAN need-to-know for: 

(1) personnel assigned to the MOL Systems Office; 

(2) SSD and Aerospace technical personnel and technical 

personnel of 6594th and 6595th Test Wings; 

(3) Employees of 

Douglas Missile and Space Division 

Huntington Beach, California 

(4) Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, N. Y.; 

(5) McDonnell Aircraft, St. Louis, Missouri; 

(6) General Electric Company, MOL Department 

Missile and Space Division • 

Valley Forge Missile Space Technology Center, 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

c. All assignees (military and civilian) to the MOL Program 

Office and MDT., Systems Office must meet eligibility requirements for 

BYEMAN security access approvals. When feasible, a pre-review of an 

individual's available investigation and/or personnel record is made 

in conjunction with the clearing authority prior to accepting an 

individual for assignment. 

2. Sponsoring BYEMAN Clearances 

The Director, Vice. Director and DepUty Director of the MOL 

Program may sponsor military, civil service, and contractor personnel 

for access to BYEMAN project information when it is deemed that such 

access is required for participatioh in, or is of benefit to, the 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA SYEIVIAN 

:CONTROZ SYSTEM ONLY 

Page//Z of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NI40 APPROVED FOR 

RIEILEASE 1 JULY 2015 li,%NDEE 

V.::::NTROE SYSTEM ONLY 

MOL Program. The Deputy Director sponsorship will be limited to those 

personnel assigned to SSD and MOL Program contractors. Clearance 

requests will be processed through established BYEMAN channels. 

3. Product Clearances 

Access to product information is limited to incumbents in 

positions approved for access. An approved position is called a billet. 

All requests for product billets for the MOL Program are processed by 

SAFSL, prior to submission through established Air Force channels. 

Detailed justification will accompany each request. Clearances for 

personnel occupying approved billets are processed to SAFSL. 

4. Special Access Required.(SAR) 

MOL Program Office (SAFSL) and the MDT, Systems Office are 

approving authorities for access to SAR information as set forth in 

AFR 205-23 and the security classification guide for Program 632A. 

E. Classification of Information 

1. Classification Authority for the MOL Program rests with the 

Director, NRO and the MOL Program Director. All MOL information will 

be classified in accordance with the references cited in Part 1. 

2. Classification Changes 

Recommendations for changes in classification of information 

will be submitted to SAFSL for approval. Recommendations will include 

justification for the requested change. 

DORIAN 

Vi BYEMPA 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Page /13 of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE P1170-67 

1 
NRP APPROVED FOR 

REI_EASE 1 JULY 2015 

LYSTEM ONLY 

3. New Classification 

New or different types of information not previously 

considered for classification under policies pertaining to the MOL 

Program will be submitted to SAFSL for final determination of classification level. Such requests will include the information or 

type of information of concern, its relationship to the MOL Program 

and rationale for recommended classification. 

F. Release of MOL Classified. Information 

MOL classified information will only be released to Government 

agencies, DOD activities and contractor facilities directly participating 

in, or contributing to, the MOL Program. Care will be taken to insure 

the recipient is appropriately cleared for the level of information 

released. Releases of MOL classified information to any source or 

for any purpose other than specified herein must be approved by SAFSL. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYSTEM ONLY 

Page Orof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRQ APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA BYE.i.,iAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM' ONLY' 

Part 3. Information 

A. Objective and Policy Background 

1. The objective of the MOL information policy is to provide 

for a carefully-planned. program of public information which can be 

released as required. While no special effort is made to justify 

the MOL Program publicly, enough material is made available to respond 

to legitimate public interest and to cope with potential international 

repercussions. 

2. All public information materials on MOL including releases, 

statements, artwork, photography and advertisements proposed by representatives of any Government department or agency or any MOL contractor 

are processed through established security and policy review channels 

for approval prior to release. 

3. The effective implementation of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) Information Plan'requires the careful assessment of the 

public affairs implications of all program activity and the constant 

monitoring of day-to-day operations to insure compliance with, and 

consistency in, application of policy. 

B. Responsibilities 

1. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) has 

made the Director of Information, Office of the Secretary of the Air 

Force, responsible for the implementation and overall monitorship of 

the MOL information plan. 

DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN 

CONTROL: SYS7EM ONLY 

Page//S-of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
N 0 APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

..7:':CTE:M ONLY 

2. SAF-OI has assigned an information officer to the MDIJ 

Program Office to serve as a single point of contact on MOL public 

affairs matters. This officer is assisted by SAF-OI divisions in the 

development, preparation and coordination of information materials, 

plans and policy guidance. 

3. The MOL Program Office provides information on program 

plans and activities that have public affairs implications to SAF-OI 

so that appropriate information plans can be developed and coordinated 

with OASD(PA), and guidance issued to the field in advance. The office 

also assists in the review of proposed information materials relating 

to MOL primarily for security and accuracy. 

4. The Air Force Systems Command is responsible for carrying 

out information actions for SAF-OI as directed in the MOL information 

plan and annexes. Since AFSC is responsible for providing on a continuing basis the facilities, resources and personnel necessary to 

support the MOL Program, the command also has the primary responsibility 

in implementing the information plan. 

a. SSD as the lead AFSC division in supporting MOL will 

provide information support for the MOL Systems Office. In providing 

this support the SSD Office of Information will: 

(1) Maintain cognizance of MOL Systems Office initiated 

program activities and assess them for public affairs implications. 

DORIAN 

I 

NAN VIA BYEMAN 

-CON":::D2 SYSTEM ONLY PageM;of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

----".'."4-0111.••rt■■0■•■., 

-7; 

1- • 
Nrzo APPROVED FOR 

RLEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE- viABYEMAN 

CONTROL' SYSTEM ONLY 

Then alert SAF-OI, through AFSC, of those activities likely to require 

policy decisions concerning information handling. 

(2) Maintain MOT, pilot public affairs file to include 

current biographies and.pictures; advise SAF-OI of any significant 

changes in pilot status such as promotion, or of any accomplishments 

such as special awards and decorations; refer any requests for MOL 

pilot participation in public affairs activities to SAF-0I. 

(3) Provide information for and:-assistance in the 

preparation of annexes to the MOL Information Plan; provide information 

for and prepare or assist in the preparation of information materials 

in support of these annexes. 

(4) Advise SAF-OI, through AFSC, of MOL Systems Office 

interface with other Government agencies and Air Force organizations 

and assess the public affairs implications of such joint activities. 

(5) Advise SAF-OI, through AFSC, of potential community. 

relations problems that might result from program activities--i.e., 

movement of personnel into Vandenberg AFB area. 

(6) Advise MOL contractors of information policy and 

monitor their compliance with the policy. 

(7) Process proposed contractor public information 

materials, coordinating with the MOL Systems Office and other SSD 

Program Offices as required, and then forward the materials with 

DORIAN 

HANDLiE VIA BYEMAN 

Z.-ONTROC SYSTEM ONLY 

Pagel! 7of pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

REtLEASE 1 JULY 2015 

;'dpi`_. VIA I;YE:17:::.a - ..4 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY 

recommendations through AFSC to SAF-OI for final review determination 

of releasability. 

(8) Maintain collection of documentary photography--

still and motion picture footage--on program activities as requested 

by SAFSL or the MOL Systems Office for possible use in briefings. 

(9) Refer requests fOr information not covered in the 

attachments to the MOL information plan to SAF-0I, through AFSC, with 

recommended reply when possible. 

1 (10) Coordinated all the above activities with the 

Deputy Director, MOL Program, and/or appropriate members of his staff. 

1 5. The Deputy Director, MOL Program provides information and 

assistance as necessary to the SSD Director of Information in accomplishing the tasks outlined above. This assistance includes reviewing 

proposed information materials, in support of the MOL plan and its 

annexes, primarily for security and accuracy. Final determination of 

releasability of information materials is made by SAF-0I'in coordination 

with SAFSL and OASD(PA). 

DORIAN 

. ,DLE VIA BYEMAN 

CC 7ROC SYSTEM ONLY 

Pageileof pages 

Copy of copies 

SAFSL BYE 21170-67 

1