II 

Calendar No. 393 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 1252 

To authorize a comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign 

assistance to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, 

achieve food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable, agricultural-led economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes, especially 

for women and children, build resilience among vulnerable populations, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 7, 2015 

Mr. CASEY (for himself, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. COONS, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. BOOZMAN, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. 

KIRK, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. CORKER, and Mr. CARDIN) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 

Foreign Relations 

MARCH 15, 2016 

Reported by Mr. CORKER, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To authorize a comprehensive strategic approach for United 

States foreign assistance to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable, agriculturalled economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes, especially for women and children, build resilience among 

vulnerable populations, and for other purposes. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Food Security 

5 Act of 2015’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) According to the Food and Agriculture Or9 ganization of the United Nations (referred to in this 

10 section as the ‘‘FAO’’), 805,000,000 people world11 wide suffer from chronic hunger. Hunger and mal12 nutrition rob people of health and productive lives 

13 and stunt the mental and physical development of 

14 future generations. 

15 (2) According to the January 2014 ‘‘Worldwide 

16 Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Commu17 nity’’— 

18 (A) the ‘‘[l]ack of adequate food will be a 

19 destabilizing factor in countries important to 

20 US national security that do not have the fi21 nancial or technical abilities to solve their inter22 nal food security problems’’; and 

23 (B) ‘‘[f]ood and nutrition insecurity in 

24 weakly governed countries might also provide 

25 opportunities for insurgent groups to capitalize 


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1 on poor conditions, exploit international food 

2 aid, and discredit governments for their inabil3 ity to address basic needs’’. 

4 (3) Decades of research have shown that there 

5 are multiple underlying causes of food insecurity and 

6 poor nutrition, including— 

7 (A) the lack of availability of, access to, 

8 and consumption of nutritious food; 

9 (B) limited investments to improve agricul10 tural productivity; 

11 (C) social and gender inequality; 

12 (D) insufficient value chains and market 

13 development for farmers, including small-scale 

14 producers, which lead to post-harvest loss; and 

15 (E) weak institutions in government and 

16 civil society. 

17 (4) Agriculture, which comprises large portions 

18 of the total labor force in many developing countries, 

19 is an essential component of inclusive economic 

20 growth. According to the World Bank’s 2008 World 

21 Development Report, growth in the agricultural sec22 tor has been twice as effective in reducing poverty 

23 as growth in other sectors. 

24 (5) Women, who are often heads of households 

25 and small farmers, are especially vulnerable to food 


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1 insecurity. Women frequently face stricter con2 straints than men in accessing markets and re3 sources. In its 2010–2011 report, the FAO esti4 mated that if women farmers had the same access 

5 to inputs as men, they could increase their farm 

6 yields by 20 to 30 percent. According to the FAO, 

7 this ‘‘could raise total agricultural output in devel8 oping countries by 2.5–4 percent’’. 

9 (6) According to UNICEF— 

10 (A) more than 161,000,000 children 

11 younger than 5 years of age suffer from chronic 

12 malnutrition (also referred to as stunting); and 

13 (B) 1 in 3 women in the developing world 

14 are anemic, which leads to severe health and 

15 developmental consequences. 

16 (7) According to the United Nations World 

17 Food Programme, poor nutrition causes 45 percent 

18 of deaths in children younger than 5 years of age. 

19 (8) Malnutrition can— 

20 (A) undermine future earning potential by 

21 up to 20 percent; and 

22 (B) inhibit economic growth by up to 3 

23 percent of gross domestic product. 

24 (9) According to The Cost of Hunger in Africa 

25 Study by the African Union Commission— 


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1 (A) the economic costs associated with 

2 child undernutrition are substantial, ranging 

3 from 2 percent to 16 percent of the gross na4 tional product in several African nations; and 

5 (B) adults who suffer from stunting as 

6 children are less productive than nonstunted 

7 workers and are less able to contribute to the 

8 economy. 

9 (10) According to Save the Children’s 2013 

10 Food for Thought report, if the current malnutrition 

11 rates continue, global output could be reduced by an 

12 estimated $125,000,000,000 by 2030, as the young 

13 children of today reach working age. 

14 (11) A comprehensive approach to sustainable 

15 food and nutrition security should not only respond 

16 to emergency food shortages, but should also ad17 dress malnutrition, resilience to food and nutrition 

18 insecurity, building the capacity of poor, rural popu19 lations to improve their agricultural productivity, 

20 and incomes, removing institutional impediments to 

21 agricultural development, value chain access and ef22 ficiency, including processing and storage, enhancing 

23 agribusiness development, access to markets and ac24 tivities that address the specific needs and barriers 


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1 facing women and small-scale producers, education, 

2 and collaborative research. 

3 (12) An effective, sustainable approach to com4 bating food insecurity requires consultation with, 

5 and participation from, multiple stakeholders, in6 cluding government, the private sector, international 

7 organizations, international and local nongovern8 mental stakeholders, grassroots and civil society or9 ganizations, faith-based organizations, and higher 

10 education research institutions. 

11 (13) Nongovernmental organizations, faith12 based organizations, community-based organizations, 

13 private voluntary organizations, academic institu14 tions, and cooperatives can increase the effectiveness 

15 of public investments by building local capacity, 

16 strengthening food and nutrition security and resil17 ience, and leveraging additional resources. 

18 (14) The United States has provided consistent 

19 global leadership in addressing food security and in20 vesting in agricultural development and humani21 tarian assistance. In 2010, the United States Gov22 ernment launched Feed the Future (referred to in 

23 this paragraph as ‘‘FTF’’), an initiative designed to 

24 expand and better coordinate the United States in25 vestments in improving global food security. FTF is 


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1 a whole-of-government approach that works across 

2 agricultural value chains and focuses on the dual ob3 jectives of improving farmer productivity, income, 

4 and livelihoods in developing countries and improv5 ing the nutrition of women and children. 

6 (15) The United States Government spear7 headed the creation of the Global Agriculture and 

8 Food Security Program (referred to in this para9 graph as the ‘‘GAFSP’’), which mobilizes contribu10 tions from a wide range of international donors to 

11 support the goals of FTF. As of 2014, the GAFSP 

12 had received pledges totaling $1,300,000,000 from 

13 10 donors and reached an estimated 12,000,000 di14 rect beneficiaries in 25 countries. 

15 SEC. 3. POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

16 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES.—It is in 

17 the national security interest of the United States to pro18 mote global food and nutrition security, consistent with 

19 national agriculture investment plans, which is reinforced 

20 through programs, activities, and initiatives that— 

21 (1) eradicate hunger and malnutrition, espe22 cially for women and children; 

23 (2) assist foreign countries to achieve long24 term, sustainable, and inclusive agricultural develop25 ment by emphasizing— 


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1 (A) increased productivity, resiliency, local 

2 management capacity, income, and growth; 

3 (B) reduction in poverty and long-term 

4 vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity; 

5 and 

6 (C) improved skills building and market 

7 linkages for producers, especially for women 

8 and small-scale producers, who face specific 

9 constraints in accessing markets, networks, and 

10 resources; and 

11 (3) ensure the effective use of United States 

12 taxpayer dollars to further these objectives. 

13 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con14 gress that the President, or a designee of the President, 

15 in providing assistance under this Act, should— 

16 (1) coordinate, through a whole-of-government 

17 approach, the efforts of relevant Federal depart18 ments and agencies to develop and implement the 

19 strategy set forth in section 5(a); 

20 (2) utilize, to the maximum extent possible, 

21 open and streamlined solicitations, grants, and coop22 erative agreements to allow for the participation of 

23 a wide range of implementing partners; and 

24 (3) strengthen and expand partnerships be25 tween developing country institutions of agricultural 


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1 sciences with universities in the United States, with 

2 a focus on building the agricultural capacities of uni3 versities in developing nations. 

4 SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 

5 In this Act: 

6 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT7 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com8 mittees’’ means— 

9 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

10 the Senate; 

11 (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri12 tion, and Forestry of the Senate; 

13 (C) the Committee on Appropriations of 

14 the Senate; 

15 (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

16 the House of Representatives; 

17 (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the 

18 House of Representatives; and 

19 (F) the Committee on Appropriations of 

20 the House of Representatives. 

21 (2) FEED THE FUTURE INNOVATION LABS.— 

22 The term ‘‘Feed the Future Innovation Labs’’ 

23 means research partnerships led by United States 

24 universities that advance solutions to reduce global 

25 hunger, poverty, and malnutrition. 


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1 (3) FEED THE FUTURE STRATEGY.—The term 

2 ‘‘Feed the Future Strategy’’ means the strategy de3 veloped and implemented pursuant to section 5(a). 

4 (4) FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY.—The 

5 term ‘‘food and nutrition security’’ means access to, 

6 and availability, utilization, and stability of, suffi7 cient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for 

8 an active and healthy life. 

9 (5) MALNUTRITION.—The term ‘‘malnutrition’’ 

10 means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional 

11 deficiency or excess. 

12 (6) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘‘resilience’’ means 

13 the ability of people, households, communities, coun14 tries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover 

15 from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces 

16 chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth. 

17 (7) SMALL-SCALE PRODUCER.—The term 

18 ‘‘small-scale producer’’ means farmers, pastoralists, 

19 and fishers that have a low asset base and limited 

20 resources, including land, capital, skills and labor, 

21 and, in the case of farmers, typically farm on fewer 

22 than 5 hectares of land. 

23 (8) STUNTING.—The term ‘‘stunting’’ refers to 

24 a condition that— 


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1 (A) is measured by a height-to-age ratio 

2 that is more than 2 standard deviations below 

3 the median for the population; 

4 (B) manifests in children who are younger 

5 than 2 years of age; 

6 (C) is a process that can continue in chil7 dren after they reach 2 years of age, resulting 

8 in an individual being ‘‘stunted’’; 

9 (D) is a sign of chronic malnutrition; and 

10 (E) can lead to long-term poor health, de11 layed motor development, impaired cognitive 

12 function, and decreased immunity. 

13 (9) SUSTAINABLE.—The term ‘‘sustainable’’ 

14 means the ability of a target country, community, 

15 implementing partner, or intended beneficiary to 

16 maintain the programs authorized and the outcomes 

17 achieved pursuant to this Act over time. 

18 (10) TARGET COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘target 

19 country’’ means a developing country that is selected 

20 to participate in agriculture and nutrition security 

21 programs under the Feed the Future Strategy. 

22 SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY. 

23 (a) FEED THE FUTURE STRATEGY.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President, or a designee 

25 of the President, shall coordinate the development 


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1 and implementation of a United States whole-of-gov2 ernment strategy to accomplish the policy objectives 

3 set forth in section 3(a), which shall— 

4 (A) support and be aligned with country5 owned agriculture, nutrition, and food security 

6 policy and investment plans developed with 

7 input from relevant governmental and non8 governmental sectors within target countries 

9 and regional bodies, including— 

10 (i) representatives of the private sec11 tor; 

12 (ii) agricultural producers, including 

13 women and small-scale producers; 

14 (iii) international and local civil soci15 ety organizations; 

16 (iv) faith-based organizations; and 

17 (v) research and academic institu18 tions; 

19 (B) support inclusive, sustainable agricul20 tural value chain development, with small-scale 

21 producers, especially women, gaining greater 

22 access to the inputs, skills, networking, resource 

23 management capacity, bargaining power, fi24 nancing, and market linkages needed to sustain 

25 their long-term economic prosperity; 


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1 (C) support the improvement of the nutri2 tional status of women and children, especially 

3 during the critical 1,000-day window starting at 

4 the beginning of a woman’s pregnancy and end5 ing 2 years after her child’s birth, with a focus 

6 on reducing child stunting; 

7 (D) urge target countries and communities 

8 to respect and promote the land tenure rights 

9 of local communities, particularly those of 

10 women and small-scale producers; 

11 (E) support the long-term success of pro12 grams by building the capacity of local organi13 zations and institutions; 

14 (F) integrate resilience and nutrition strat15 egies into food security programs, such that 

16 chronically vulnerable populations are better 

17 able to build safety nets, secure livelihoods, ac18 cess markets, manage resources, and access op19 portunities for longer-term economic growth; 

20 (G) develop community and producer resil21 ience to natural disasters, emergencies, and 

22 natural occurrences that adversely impact pro23 ductivity and livelihoods; 

24 (H) harness science, technology, and inno25 vation, including the research conducted at 


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1 Feed the Future Innovation Labs, or any suc2 cessor entities, throughout the United States; 

3 (I) leverage resources and expertise 

4 through partnerships with the private sector, 

5 farm organizations, cooperatives, civil society, 

6 research entities, and academic institutions; 

7 (J) support collaboration between United 

8 States universities and public and private insti9 tutions in developing countries to promote agri10 cultural development and innovation; 

11 (K) set clear and transparent selection cri12 teria for target countries, regions, and intended 

13 beneficiaries of assistance provided under this 

14 Act; 

15 (L) set specific and measurable goals, 

16 benchmarks, timetables, performance metrics, 

17 and monitoring and evaluation plans that re18 flect international best practices relating to 

19 transparency, accountability, food and nutrition 

20 security, and agriculture-led economic growth, 

21 consistent with the policy objectives described in 

22 the Feed the Future Strategy; and 

23 (M) include criteria and methodology for 

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1 ance provided under this Act once the countries 

2 have achieved certain benchmarks. 

3 (2) GOVERNING LAW.—Notwithstanding any 

4 other provision of law, in carrying out the purposes 

5 of this Act, assistance may be provided to the De6 partment of State and the United States Agency for 

7 International Development pursuant to sections 103 

8 and 103A, title XII of chapter 2 of part I, and chap9 ter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

10 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a, 2151a–1, 2220a et seq., 

11 and 2346 et seq.). 

12 (b) FEED THE FUTURE COORDINATION.—The Presi13 dent, or a designee of the President, shall coordinate, 

14 through a whole-of-government approach, the efforts of 

15 relevant Federal departments and agencies in imple16 menting the Feed the Future Strategy by— 

17 (1) establishing policy coherence, monitoring 

18 and evaluation systems, and coordination across all 

19 relevant Federal departments and agencies; 

20 (2) aligning linkages with other initiatives and 

21 strategies of the United States Agency for Inter22 national Development, the Department of Agri23 culture, the Department of State, the Millennium 

24 Challenge Corporation, the Overseas Private Invest25 ment Corporation, the Peace Corps, the United 


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1 States Trade Representative, the United States Afri2 ca Development Foundation, the Department of 

3 Commerce, the Department of the Treasury, and the 

4 United States Geological Survey; 

5 (3) establishing platforms for regular consulta6 tion and collaboration with key stakeholders, includ7 ing— 

8 (A) national and local governments; 

9 (B) multilateral institutions; 

10 (C) private voluntary organizations; 

11 (D) cooperatives; 

12 (E) the private sector; 

13 (F) local nongovernmental and civil society 

14 organizations; 

15 (G) faith-based organizations; 

16 (H) research and academic institutions; 

17 (I) congressional committees; and 

18 (J) other stakeholders, as appropriate; 

19 (4) leveraging the expertise of the Department 

20 of Agriculture in agricultural development, nutrition, 

21 trade, research, and education; and 

22 (5) establishing and leading regular public con23 sultations in target countries. 


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1 SEC. 6. REPORTING. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 

3 date of the enactment of this Act, and not later than De4 cember 31 of each year thereafter through 2020, the 

5 President, or a designee of the President, shall submit a 

6 report to the appropriate congressional committees that 

7 describes the status of the implementation of the Feed the 

8 Future Strategy. 

9 (b) CONTENT.—The report required under subsection 

10 (a) shall— 

11 (1) contain an appendix of the Feed the Future 

12 Strategy; 

13 (2) identify any substantial changes made in 

14 the Feed the Future Strategy during the preceding 

15 calendar year; 

16 (3) identify the indicators that will be used to 

17 measure results, set benchmarks for progress over 

18 time, and establish mechanisms for reporting results 

19 in an open and transparent manner; 

20 (4) describe the progress made in implementing 

21 the Feed the Future Strategy; 

22 (5) assess the progress and results of imple23 menting international food and nutrition security 

24 programming on the policy objectives set forth in 

25 section 3(a); 


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1 (6) indicate how findings from monitoring and 

2 evaluation were incorporated into program design 

3 and budget decisions; 

4 (7) contain a transparent, open, and detailed 

5 accounting of spending under this Act by all relevant 

6 Federal agencies, including a disaggregated account7 ing of assistance provided through different procure8 ment mechanisms; 

9 (8) identify any United States legal or regu10 latory impediments that could obstruct the effective 

11 implementation of the programming referred to in 

12 paragraph (5); 

13 (9) describe how the Feed the Future Strategy 

14 relates to other United States food security and de15 velopment assistance programs on the continuum 

16 from emergency food aid through sustainable, agri17 culture-led economic growth; 

18 (10) contain a clear gender analysis of pro19 gramming that includes established disaggregated 

20 gender indicators to better analyze outcomes for 

21 food productivity, income growth, control of assets, 

22 equity in access to inputs, jobs and markets, and nu23 trition; 

24 (11) describe the methodology and criteria for 

25 the selection of target countries; 


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1 (12) describe related strategies and benchmarks 

2 for graduating target countries and communities 

3 from assistance provided under the Feed the Future 

4 Strategy over time, including by building resilience, 

5 reducing risk, and enhancing the sustainability of 

6 outcomes from United States investments in agri7 culture and nutrition security; 

8 (13) assess efforts to coordinate United States 

9 international food security and nutrition programs, 

10 activities, and initiatives with— 

11 (A) other bilateral donors; 

12 (B) international and multilateral organi13 zations; 

14 (C) international financial institutions; 

15 (D) target country governments; 

16 (E) international and local private vol17 untary, nongovernmental, and civil society orga18 nizations; 

19 (F) research and academic institutions; 

20 and 

21 (G) other stakeholders; 

22 (14) assess the status of institutional capacity 

23 building efforts, including higher education; 


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1 (15) assess United States Government-facili2 tated private investment in related sectors in target 

3 countries and communities; 

4 (16) assess the impact of private sector invest5 ment on— 

6 (A) the economic opportunities available to 

7 small-scale producers, especially women; 

8 (B) improving international food and nu9 trition security; 

10 (C) local land tenure issues; and 

11 (D) enhancing inclusive, sustainable agri12 cultural development; 

13 (17) be prepared in consultation with relevant 

14 United States Government agencies; and 

15 (18) incorporate a plan for regularly reviewing 

16 and updating strategies, partnerships, and programs 

17 and sharing lessons learned with a wide range of 

18 stakeholders in an open and transparent manner. 

19 (c) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—The 

20 information referred to in subsection (b) shall be made 

21 publicly accessible in an electronic format and in a timely 

22 manner. 

23 (d) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RE24 PORT.—During the 1-year period ending on December 31, 


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1 2019, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 

2 publish a report that— 

3 (1) summarizes the progress of the strategy de4 scribed in section 5(a); 

5 (2) assesses the whole-of-government coordina6 tion described in section 5(b); 

7 (3) assesses the mechanisms through which 

8 United States assistance authorized under this Act 

9 is provided, including a list of the major recipients 

10 of United States contracts, grants, and cooperative 

11 agreements; 

12 (4) includes a review of evaluations conducted 

13 on assistance provided under this Act; and 

14 (5) assesses the budget decisionmaking process, 

15 including the role of monitoring and evaluation in 

16 program design. 

17 SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

18 There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec19 retary of State and the Administrator of the United States 

20 Agency for International Development to carry out this 

21 Act, for each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2020, an 

22 amount equal to the amount of funds made available for 

23 food security and agricultural development programs for 

24 fiscal year 2014 under section 7060(d) of the Department 

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1 propriations Act, 2014 (division K of Public Law 113– 

2 76; 128 Stat. 554). 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Food Security 

5 Act of 2016’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) According to the Food and Agriculture Orga9 nization of the United Nations (referred to in this sec10 tion as the ‘‘FAO’’), 805,000,000 people worldwide 

11 suffer from chronic hunger. Hunger and malnutrition 

12 rob people of health and productive lives and stunt 

13 the mental and physical development of future gen14 erations. 

15 (2) According to the January 2014 ‘‘Worldwide 

16 Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Commu17 nity’’— 

18 (A) the ‘‘[l]ack of adequate food will be a 

19 destabilizing factor in countries important to US 

20 national security that do not have the financial 

21 or technical abilities to solve their internal food 

22 security problems’’; and 

23 (B) ‘‘[f]ood and nutrition insecurity in 

24 weakly governed countries might also provide op25 portunities for insurgent groups to capitalize on 


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1 poor conditions, exploit international food aid, 

2 and discredit governments for their inability to 

3 address basic needs’’. 

4 (3) A comprehensive approach to sustainable 

5 food and nutrition security should not only respond 

6 to emergency food shortages, but should also address 

7 malnutrition, resilience to food and nutrition insecu8 rity, building the capacity of poor, rural populations 

9 to improve their agricultural productivity and in10 comes, removing institutional impediments to agricul11 tural development, value chain access and efficiency, 

12 including processing and storage, enhancing agri13 business development, access to markets and activities 

14 that address the specific needs and barriers facing 

15 women and small-scale producers, education, and col16 laborative research. 

17 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF 

18 CONGRESS. 

19 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES.—It is in the 

20 national security interest of the United States to promote 

21 global food security, resilience, and nutrition, consistent 

22 with national food security investment plans, which is rein23 forced through programs, activities, and initiatives that— 

24 (1) place food insecure countries on a path to25 ward self-sufficiency and economic freedom through 


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1 the coordination of United States foreign assistance 

2 programs; 

3 (2) accelerate inclusive, agricultural-led economic 

4 growth that reduces global poverty, hunger, and mal5 nutrition, particularly among women and children; 

6 (3) increase the productivity, incomes, and liveli7 hoods of small-scale producers, especially women, by 

8 working across agricultural value chains, enhancing 

9 local capacity to manage agricultural resources effec10 tively and expanding producer access to local and 

11 international markets; 

12 (4) build resilience to food shocks among vulner13 able populations and households while reducing reli14 ance upon emergency food assistance; 

15 (5) create an enabling environment for agricul16 tural growth and investment, including through the 

17 promotion of secure and transparent property rights; 

18 (6) improve the nutritional status of women and 

19 children, with a focus on reducing child stunting, in20 cluding through the promotion of highly nutritious 

21 foods, diet diversification, and nutritional behaviors 

22 that improve maternal and child health; 

23 (7) align with and leverage broader United 

24 States strategies and investments in trade, economic 

25 growth, science and technology, agriculture research 


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1 and extension, maternal and child health, nutrition, 

2 and water, sanitation, and hygiene; 

3 (8) continue to strengthen partnerships between 

4 United States-based universities, including land-grant 

5 colleges, and universities and institutions in target 

6 countries and communities that build agricultural ca7 pacity; and 

8 (9) ensure the effective use of United States tax9 payer dollars to further these objectives. 

10 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Con11 gress that the President, in providing assistance to imple12 ment the Global Food Security Strategy, should— 

13 (1) coordinate, through a whole-of-government 

14 approach, the efforts of relevant Federal departments 

15 and agencies to implement the Global Food Security 

16 Strategy; 

17 (2) seek to fully utilize the unique capabilities of 

18 each relevant Federal department and agency while 

19 collaborating with and leveraging the contributions of 

20 other key stakeholders; and 

21 (3) utilize open and streamlined solicitations to 

22 allow for the participation of a wide range of imple23 menting partners through the most appropriate pro24 curement mechanisms, which may include grants, 


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1 contracts, cooperative agreements, and other instru2 ments as necessary and appropriate. 

3 SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 

4 In this Act: 

5 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT6 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit7 tees’’ means— 

8 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

9 the Senate; 

10 (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri11 tion, and Forestry of the Senate; 

12 (C) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

13 Senate; 

14 (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

15 House of Representatives; 

16 (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the 

17 House of Representatives; and 

18 (F) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

19 House of Representatives. 

20 (2) FEED THE FUTURE INNOVATION LABS.—The 

21 term ‘‘Feed the Future Innovation Labs’’ means re22 search partnerships led by United States universities 

23 that advance solutions to reduce global hunger, pov24 erty, and malnutrition. 


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1 (3) FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY.—The term 

2 ‘‘food and nutrition security’’ means access to, and 

3 availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient 

4 food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an ac5 tive and healthy life. 

6 (4) GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.—The 

7 term ‘‘Global Food Security Strategy’’ means the 

8 strategy developed and implemented pursuant to sec9 tion 5(a). 

10 (5) KEY STAKEHOLDERS.—The term ‘‘key stake11 holders’’ means actors engaged in efforts to advance 

12 global food security programs and objectives, includ13 ing— 

14 (A) relevant Federal departments and agen15 cies; 

16 (B) national and local governments in tar17 get countries; 

18 (C) other bilateral donors; 

19 (D) international and regional organiza20 tions; 

21 (E) international, regional, and local finan22 cial institutions; 

23 (F) international, regional, and local pri24 vate voluntary, nongovernmental, faith-based, 

25 and civil society organizations; 


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1 (G) the private sector, including agri2 businesses and relevant commodities groups; 

3 (H) agricultural producers, including farm4 er organizations, cooperatives, small-scale pro5 ducers, and women; and 

6 (I) agricultural research and academic in7 stitutions, including land-grant universities and 

8 extension services. 

9 (6) MALNUTRITION.—The term ‘‘malnutrition’’ 

10 means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional 

11 deficiency or excess. 

12 (7) RELEVANT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND

13 AGENCIES.—The term ‘‘relevant Federal departments 

14 and agencies’’ means the United States Agency for 

15 International Development, the Department of Agri16 culture, the Department of Commerce, the Department 

17 of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Millen18 nium Challenge Corporation, the Overseas Private In19 vestment Corporation, the Peace Corps, the Office of 

20 the United States Trade Representative, the United 

21 States African Development Foundation, the United 

22 States Geological Survey, and any other department 

23 or agency specified by the President for purposes of 

24 this section. 


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1 (8) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘‘resilience’’ means 

2 the ability of people, households, communities, coun3 tries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover 

4 from shocks and stresses to food security in a manner 

5 that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates in6 clusive growth. 

7 (9) SMALL-SCALE PRODUCER.—The term ‘‘small8 scale producer’’ means farmers, pastoralists, foresters, 

9 and fishers that have a low asset base and limited re10 sources, including land, capital, skills and labor, and, 

11 in the case of farmers, typically farm on fewer than 

12 5 hectares of land. 

13 (10) STUNTING.—The term ‘‘stunting’’ refers to a 

14 condition that— 

15 (A) is measured by a height-to-age ratio 

16 that is more than 2 standard deviations below 

17 the median for the population; 

18 (B) manifests in children who are younger 

19 than 2 years of age; 

20 (C) is a process that can continue in chil21 dren after they reach 2 years of age, resulting in 

22 an individual being ‘‘stunted’’; 

23 (D) is a sign of chronic malnutrition; and 


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1 (E) can lead to long-term poor health, de2 layed motor development, impaired cognitive 

3 function, and decreased immunity. 

4 (11) SUSTAINABLE.—The term ‘‘sustainable’’ 

5 means the ability of a target country, community, 

6 implementing partner, or intended beneficiary to 

7 maintain, over time, the programs authorized and 

8 outcomes achieved pursuant to this Act. 

9 (12) TARGET COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘target coun10 try’’ means a developing country that is selected to 

11 participate in agriculture and nutrition security pro12 grams under the Global Food Security Strategy pur13 suant to the selection criteria described in section 

14 5(a)(2), including criteria such as the potential for 

15 agriculture-led economic growth, government commit16 ment to agricultural investment and policy reform, 

17 opportunities for partnerships and regional synergies, 

18 the level of need, and resource availability. 

19 SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRAT20 EGY. 

21 (a) STRATEGY.—The President shall coordinate the de22 velopment and implementation of a United States whole23 of-government strategy to accomplish the policy objectives 

24 set forth in section 3(a), which shall— 


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1 (1) set specific and measurable goals, bench2 marks, timetables, performance metrics, and moni3 toring and evaluation plans that reflect international 

4 best practices relating to transparency, account5 ability, food and nutrition security, and agriculture6 led economic growth, consistent with the policy objec7 tives described in section 3(a); 

8 (2) establish clear and transparent selection cri9 teria for target countries, communities, regions, and 

10 intended beneficiaries of assistance; 

11 (3) describe the methodology and criteria for the 

12 selection of target countries; 

13 (4) support and be aligned with country-owned 

14 agriculture, nutrition, and food security policy and 

15 investment plans developed with input from key 

16 stakeholders, as appropriate; 

17 (5) support inclusive agricultural value chain 

18 development, with small-scale producers, especially 

19 women, gaining greater access to the inputs, skills, re20 source management capacity, networking, bargaining 

21 power, financing, and market linkages needed to sus22 tain their long-term economic prosperity; 

23 (6) support improvement of the nutritional sta24 tus of women and children, particularly during the 

25 critical first 1,000-day window until a child reaches 


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1 2 years of age and with a focus on reducing child 

2 stunting, through nutrition-specific and nutrition3 sensitive programs, including related water, sanita4 tion, and hygiene programs; 

5 (7) facilitate communication and collaboration, 

6 as appropriate, among local stakeholders in support 

7 of a multi-sectoral approach to food and nutrition se8 curity, to include analysis of the multiple underlying 

9 causes of malnutrition, including lack of access to safe 

10 drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; 

11 (8) support the long-term success of programs by 

12 building the capacity of local organizations and insti13 tutions in target countries and communities; 

14 (9) integrate resilience and nutrition strategies 

15 into food security programs, such that chronically 

16 vulnerable populations are better able to build safety 

17 nets, secure livelihoods, access markets, and access op18 portunities for longer-term economic growth; 

19 (10) develop community and producer resilience 

20 to natural disasters, emergencies, and natural occur21 rences that adversely impact agricultural yield; 

22 (11) harness science, technology, and innovation, 

23 including the research and extension activities sup24 ported by relevant Federal Departments and agencies 


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1 and Feed the Future Innovation Labs, or any suc2 cessor entities; 

3 (12) integrate agricultural development activities 

4 among food insecure populations living in proximity 

5 to designated national parks or wildlife areas into 

6 wildlife conservation efforts, as necessary and appro7 priate; 

8 (13) leverage resources and expertise through 

9 partnerships with the private sector, farm organiza10 tions, cooperatives, civil society, faith-based organiza11 tions, and agricultural research and academic insti12 tutions; 

13 (14) strengthen and expand collaboration be14 tween United States universities, including public, 

15 private, and land-grant universities, with higher edu16 cation institutions in target countries to increase 

17 their effectiveness and relevance to promote agricul18 tural development and innovation through the cre19 ation of human capital, innovation, and cutting edge 

20 science in the agricultural sector; 

21 (15) seek to ensure that target countries and 

22 communities respect and promote land tenure rights 

23 of local communities, particularly those of women 

24 and small-scale producers; and 


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1 (16) include criteria and methodologies for grad2 uating target countries and communities from assist3 ance provided to implement the Global Food Security 

4 Strategy as such countries and communities meet the 

5 progress benchmarks identified pursuant to section 

6 8(b)(4). 

7 (b) COORDINATION.—The President shall coordinate, 

8 through a whole-of-government approach, the efforts of rel9 evant Federal departments and agencies in the implementa10 tion of the Global Food Security Strategy by— 

11 (1) establishing monitoring and evaluation sys12 tems, coherence, and coordination across relevant Fed13 eral departments and agencies; 

14 (2) establishing linkages with other initiatives 

15 and strategies of relevant Federal departments and 

16 agencies; and 

17 (3) establishing platforms for regular consulta18 tion and collaboration with key stakeholders and the 

19 appropriate congressional committees. 

20 (c) STRATEGY SUBMISSION.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than October 1, 

22 2016, the President, in consultation with the head of 

23 each relevant Federal department and agency, shall 

24 submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

25 the Global Food Security Strategy required under this 


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1 section, including a detailed description of how the 

2 United States intends to advance the objectives set 

3 forth in section 3(a) and the agency-specific plans de4 scribed in paragraph (2). 

5 (2) AGENCY-SPECIFIC PLANS.—The Global Food 

6 Security Strategy shall include specific implementa7 tion plans from each relevant Federal department 

8 and agency that describes— 

9 (A) the anticipated contributions of the de10 partment or agency, including technical, finan11 cial, and in-kind contributions, to implement the 

12 Global Food Security Strategy; and 

13 (B) the efforts of the department or agency 

14 to ensure that the activities and programs car15 ried out pursuant to the strategy are designed to 

16 achieve maximum impact and long-term sus17 tainability. 

18 SEC. 6. ASSISTANCE TO IMPLEMENT THE GLOBAL FOOD SE19 CURITY STRATEGY. 

20 (a) FOOD SHORTAGES.—The President is authorized 

21 to carry out activities pursuant to section 103, section 

22 103A, title XII of chapter 2 of part I, and chapter 4 of 

23 part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

24 2151a, 2151a–1, 2220a et seq., and 2346 et seq.) to prevent 


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1 or address food shortages notwithstanding any other provi2 sion of law. 

3 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

4 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State and 

5 the Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter6 national Development $1,000,600,000 for each of fiscal 

7 years 2017 and 2018 to carry out those portions of the Glob8 al Food Security Strategy that relate to the Department 

9 of State and the United States Agency for International 

10 Development, respectively. 

11 (c) MONITORING AND EVALUATION.—The President 

12 shall seek to ensure that assistance to implement the Global 

13 Food Security Strategy is provided under established pa14 rameters for a rigorous accountability system to monitor 

15 and evaluate progress and impact of the strategy, including 

16 by reporting to the appropriate congressional committees 

17 and the public on an annual basis. 

18 SEC. 7. EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM. 

19 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 

20 that— 

21 (1) the crisis in Syria, which is characterized by 

22 acts of terrorism and atrocities directed against civil23 ians, including mass murder, forced displacement, 

24 aerial bombardment, ethnic and religious persecution, 

25 torture, kidnapping, rape and sexual enslavement, 


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1 has triggered one of the most profound humanitarian 

2 crises of this century and poses a direct threat to re3 gional security and the national security interests of 

4 the United States; 

5 (2) it is in the national security interests of the 

6 United States to respond to the needs of displaced 

7 Syrian persons and the communities hosting such 

8 persons, including with food assistance; and 

9 (3) after four years of conflict in Syria and the 

10 onset of other major humanitarian emergencies where, 

11 like Syria, the provision of certain United States hu12 manitarian assistance has been particularly chal13 lenging, including the 2013 super-typhoon in the 

14 Philippines, the 2014 outbreak of Ebola in west Afri15 ca, the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, ongoing humani16 tarian disasters in Yemen and South Sudan, and the 

17 threat of a major El Nino event in 2016, United 

18 States international disaster assistance has become se19 verely stressed. 

20 (b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy of 

21 the United States, in coordination with other donors, re22 gional governments, international organizations, and inter23 national financial institutions, to fully leverage, enhance, 

24 and expand the impact and reach of available United States 

25 humanitarian resources, including for food assistance, to 


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1 mitigate the effects of manmade and natural disasters by 

2 utilizing innovative new approaches to delivering aid that 

3 support affected persons and the communities hosting them, 

4 build resilience and early recovery, and reduce opportuni5 ties for waste, fraud, and abuse. 

6 (c) AMENDMENTS TO THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT

7 OF 1961.— 

8 (1) Section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

9 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292) is amended— 

10 (A) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub11 section (d); and 

12 (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol13 lowing new subsection: 

14 ‘‘(c) EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.— 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the limitations in 

16 section 492, and notwithstanding any other provision 

17 of this or any other Act, the President is authorized 

18 to make available emergency food assistance, includ19 ing in the form of funds, transfers, vouchers, and ag20 ricultural commodities (including products derived 

21 from agricultural commodities) acquired through local 

22 or regional procurement, to meet emergency food 

23 needs arising from manmade and natural disasters. 

24 ‘‘(2) DESIGNATION.—Funds made available 

25 under this subsection shall be known as the ‘InterVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:12 Mar 15, 2016 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S1252.RS S1252

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1 national Disaster Assistance – Emergency Food Secu2 rity Program’.’’. 

3 (2) Section 492 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

4 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292a) is amended— 

5 (A) in subsection (a), by striking 

6 ‘‘$25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and 

7 $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.’’ and in8 serting ‘‘$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 

9 2017 and 2018, of which up to $1,257,382,000 

10 should be made available to carry out section 

11 491(c).’’; and 

12 (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol13 lowing new subsections: 

14 ‘‘(c) AMOUNTS IN ADDITION TO OTHER AMOUNTS.— 

15 Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to the au16 thorizations of appropriations under section 491(c) are in 

17 addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes. 

18 ‘‘(d) FLEXIBILITY.— 

19 ‘‘(1) UNITED STATES POLICY.—It is the policy of 

20 the United States that the funds made available to 

21 carry out section 491 are intended to provide the 

22 President with the greatest possible flexibility to ad23 dress disaster-related needs as they arise and to pre24 pare for and reduce the impact of natural and man25 made disasters. 


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1 ‘‘(2) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 

2 Congress that any amendments to applicable legal 

3 provisions contained in this Act are not intended to 

4 limit such authorities. 

5 ‘‘(e) REPORT.—Not later than March 1 of each fiscal 

6 year, the President shall submit to the Committee on For7 eign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

8 Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Com9 mittee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 

10 a report that describes the activities undertaken by the 

11 President over the course of the prior fiscal year pursuant 

12 to section 491(c), including the amounts of assistance pro13 vided, intended beneficiaries, monitoring and evaluation 

14 strategies, anticipated outcomes, and, as practicable, actual 

15 outcomes.’’. 

16 SEC. 8. REPORT. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 

18 of the submission of the strategy required under section 5(c), 

19 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

20 committees a report that describes the status of the imple21 mentation of the Global Food Security Strategy. 

22 (b) CONTENT.—The report required under subsection 

23 (a) shall— 

24 (1) contain a summary of the Global Food Secu25 rity Strategy as an appendix; 


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1 (2) identify any substantial changes made in the 

2 Global Food Security Strategy during the preceding 

3 calendar year; 

4 (3) describe the progress made in implementing 

5 the Global Food Security Strategy; 

6 (4) identify the indicators used to establish 

7 benchmarks and measure results over time, as well as 

8 the mechanisms for reporting such results in an open 

9 and transparent manner; 

10 (5) describe related strategies and benchmarks 

11 for graduating target countries and communities from 

12 assistance provided under the Global Food Security 

13 Strategy over time, including by building resilience, 

14 reducing risk, and enhancing the sustainability of 

15 outcomes from United States investments in agri16 culture and nutrition security; 

17 (6) indicate how findings from monitoring and 

18 evaluation were incorporated into program design 

19 and budget decisions; 

20 (7) contain a transparent, open, and detailed ac21 counting of spending by relevant Federal departments 

22 and agencies to implement the Global Food Security 

23 Strategy, including, for each Federal department and 

24 agency, the statutory source of spending, amounts 

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1 ficiaries, and activities supported to the extent prac2 ticable and appropriate; 

3 (8) describe how the Global Food Security Strat4 egy leverages other United States food security and 

5 development assistance programs on the continuum 

6 from emergency food aid through sustainable, agri7 culture-led economic growth and eventual self-suffi8 ciency; 

9 (9) describe the contributions of the Global Food 

10 Security Strategy to, and assess the impact of, broad11 er international food and nutrition security assist12 ance programs, including progress in the promotion 

13 of land tenure rights, creating economic opportunities 

14 for women and small-scale producers, and stimulating 

15 agriculture-led economic growth in target countries 

16 and communities; 

17 (10) assess efforts to coordinate United States 

18 international food security and nutrition programs, 

19 activities, and initiatives with key stakeholders; 

20 (11) assess United States Government-facilitated 

21 private investment in related sectors and the impact 

22 of private sector investment in target countries and 

23 communities; 

24 (12) identify any United States legal or regu25 latory impediments that could obstruct the effective 


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1 implementation of the programming referred to in 

2 paragraphs (8) and (9); 

3 (13) contain a clear gender analysis of program4 ming, to inform project-level activities, that includes 

5 established disaggregated gender indicators to better 

6 analyze outcomes for food productivity, income 

7 growth, control of assets, equity in access to inputs, 

8 jobs and markets, and nutrition; and 

9 (14) incorporate a plan for regularly reviewing 

10 and updating strategies, partnerships, and programs 

11 and sharing lessons learned with a wide range of 

12 stakeholders in an open, transparent manner. 

13 (c) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—The in14 formation referred to in subsection (b) shall be made avail15 able on the public website of the United States Agency for 

16 International Development in an open, machine readable 

17 format, in a timely manner. 

18 SEC. 9. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

19 (a) EFFECT ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY AND

20 EMERGENCY AND NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PRO21 GRAMS.—Nothing in the Global Food Security Strategy or 

22 this Act or the amendments made by this Act shall be con23 strued to supersede or otherwise affect the authority of the 

24 relevant Federal departments and agencies to carry out food 

25 and nutrition security and emergency and nonemergency 


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1 food assistance programs specified in subparagraph (b), in 

2 the manner provided, and subject to the terms and condi3 tions, of those programs. 

4 (b) PROGRAMS DESCRIBED.—The food and nutrition 

5 security and emergency and nonemergency food assistance 

6 programs referred to in subsection (a) are the following: 

7 (1) The Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et 

8 seq.). 

9 (2) The Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 

10 1736o). 

11 (3) Section 416(b) of the Agriculture Act of 1949 

12 (7 U.S.C. 1431). 

13 (4) McGovern-Dole Food for Education Program 

14 (7 U.S.C.1736o–1). 

15 (5) Local and Regional Procurement Program (7 

16 U.S.C. 1726c). 

17 (6) Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 

18 U.S.C. 1736f–1) . 


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Calendar No. 393 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 1252 

A BILL 

To authorize a comprehensive strategic approach 

vulnerable populations, and for other purposes. for women and children, build resilience among growth, improve nutritional outcomes, especially clusive, sustainable, agricultural-led economic achieve food and nutrition security, promote incountries to reduce global poverty and hunger, for United States foreign assistance to developing 

MARCH 15, 2016 

Reported with an amendment 


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