Data Processing Subsystem for Again, (cont. )

3. 1:
operation of the ARS data handl:

(ec)
(a)
(e)

‘Op
operation of the subsystem and

itative Personnel requirements inform tion for
ing subsystem,

Space
Accessory equipment

Air conditioning equipment
Power

Communications channel

the 438L System. These will include definitive data flow charts, file-up

7. Estimates (cost and manpower) for contractual

technical services for the subs

ystem (facilities Provided) in order to operate

it on a one year research and development Operational test basis. This will

include services for error and

reliability check outs.

operation of the subsystem on a one year research and development operational
test basis (tape, ribbons, films, Processing materials, etc.).



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space ‘Uday
Project 1762 ~ 2 April 1957 Sead

21d. Other Information

(1) General: This subsystem is one of several under WS 117L: The
cognizant agency for the System is the Western Development Division of
Headquarters ARDC. The responsibility for advising on technical matters in
the subsystem tasks has been assigned to Rome and Wright Air Development
Centers, Appropriate references are listed in Paragraph 2lg of this document.

The only existing standard equipments which may be used in this subsystem
are ground telemetering receiving equipment and ground Communications equipment,
Otherwise, every attempt will be made to utilize known techniques in the develop-
ment of hardware. Some of these techniques are;

(a) Interferometer measurement techniques

(b) Frequency standard and timing techniques
(c) FM transmission techniques :
(d) Radio Propagation measurement techniques

(3) Survey of Similar Equipment or Techniques in Process of R and D.
Some of these are;

(a) 60 foot automatic Positioning telemeter antenna being developed
by Radiation Inc., Melbourne, Florida

(>) coraR position measuring equipment being developed by Cubic
Corp., San Diego, California ,

(c). Three axis tracking mount being developed by Reeves Instrument
Corporation, Long Island, New York

(4) Ground transmitters (IKW) modified for FM data link use by
Collins Radio Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa,

In order to Meet the requirements of this subsystem, maximum utilization

will be made of existing technique and equipment developments. Duplication of
effort will be avoided, —CONFIBENFIAT

DD Form 613 (cont, )

WD-S7_ oN43


21, b.

21 c.

» WS-117L = ‘Project: #1761 2 April 1957

As visualized, the Infrared ‘Subsystem in a
tude will detect and locate ICBM laurichings
to a range of approximately 2600 miles. The information is relayed directly to a
ground receiving ‘station within 2400 miles range. With one such station located
at high latitude, and fifteen satellites in operation simultaneously, the entire
region above latitude 55° North can be kept under continuous surveillance. When
a data link is developed which will Permit information to be relayed between
satellites for transmission to the ground, greater Coverage with half as many
vehicles‘ can be achieved. From a 300 mile orbit, the Infrared Subsystem will
locate large jet aircraft and missiles to slant ranges of approximately 420 miles,
Since immediate ‘transmission is not essential when air breathing vehicles are

detected, the data may be stored and read out later during the 90 minute orbital
'eycle. ‘

Apprsach:

“Target detection ranges ‘and background effects will be studied to establish the
Performance to be expected of an infrared system. An optimized: subsystem will be
evolved, Progressing from component and system breadboard studies to experimental
and prototype models, with orbital flight tests of the Pretotype system. Suitable
detector elements and Scanning and cooling methods are critical features of the
design. When the utility of infrared reconnaissance by a single satellite has
been ‘successfully demonstrated, multiple satellites and higher orbital altitudes
Will be attempted. Concurrently, development of an intersatellite data link and
accurate tracking angle reference systems will be pursued.at an appropriate pace.

Subsystem Tasks
(1) Task 39832; Background Effects

(a) Contractors:

Prime Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, AF 04(647)-97

Subcontractors; Baird Associates
General Mille, Ine.

Technical Advisor: Mr. L. H. Meuser
OE
‘ WCLR,

(b) Objective: Determine the extent to which background radiation imposes
limitations on the infrared detection system and determine the choice
of system parameters Which will minimize it. ‘This will contribute to
early evaluation of the target detection capabilities of a satellite-
borne infrared-sensing system,

(c) Approach: Balloon flight tests will be conducted using elements of the

system as initially conceived, with suitable spectral sensitivity,
filtering, field of view, scan speed, ‘chopping ‘rate, etc. and pro-~
visions for. variations thereto. A limited number ef day and night
balloon flights will be conducted at maximm attainable altitude, in
the vicinity of 100,000 feet, under representative and extreme terrain
and cloud conditions. Measurements of background radiation will be
Correlated with significant features of observed areas, .

PAGE 2 OF /4
WD..8 7 AIR A>


AAN9 -15- Big rte le 4 oe

=
Re D csr Lead or paces
|sysTen Provect TASK ora (o oate
a a ad o 2. April 1957
7 omen, Viror minal ey use
Data Processing Subsystem £ 1 oueen 1763
‘a, _PREVIONS Years fe- ‘vuan 57 Je. ‘Year Pesca vean_ 59 [© to comave
vo ova Cin = eran A] Stan
” a. TOTAL sis
Conrmact | 3. avanasce
© aw nee
. ;
o TOT,
maven | 0. avananus
©. Mew nee 15
=
racnsTes
maupowsn 10.38 36.44 ee 120.hu 768.0
7
TRaneNe
w/a
p=
ves? rome w/a
=
‘TERY puepont amenary N/A
oy
eceroraL 515M 969m 880M 200mm | 3500 | 620m | 57504 19000H | 32000m
7
wre 523.34 51786 .0%|

ARDC sorte 116 eavous uoerions or Twa rom ana



R&D COST ESTIMATE RECAPITULATION
Osysrea Sl) Prosecr Orasx © otmen
‘TORS FOR THE ADVANCED] © mirc Cy
SYSTM (SYSTIM 117) b,. (SYSTM 117, Poss) | ‘nee
eo ce Serene Loi ‘S_YRARS ee FISCAL YEAR: iS FISCAL YEAR” AC FISCAL YEAR sto Te
< ite 7 | OTHER see orwar seo OtHEn soe OTHER soo OTHER
i A. TOTAL
22.8¢ 156,04 144,00 81.0M
contract | 3. avatnase : a]
wa nee 12.8 156.0m 144,0K 21.0
* a TOTAL
waters | 0. avarcanue
©. ww nee
* .
Faciuties *
wanrowen om pr UM 20M 20m 2M 40m 4m
TRAMNG
=
vasy (res
TEST SUPPORT AIRCRAFT
= suena : lz, . 156,
‘ToraL 22.88 170 ao | 16a 2m | legw 44M

re a
ARDC 1 7oc'ss 116 previous eorrious or ‘THIS FORM ARE OBsoLET:


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground<a¢

ons Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 ~ 2 April 1957 .

Sa. Task No. 39844 @ncl Title) Vehicle Programming and Timing
Equipment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97
Task Advisor: Mr. A. J. Falkowski - waDc.- WCLNO-2 - X21239

¢. Objective: The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test of vehicle Programming and timing equipment. The vehicle
Programmer will accept and store commands received over the command link and
release them for execution at the correct time. Vehicle timing equipment —
will be provided since the sequence of Programmed actions ig dependent upon
time. Timing is also necessary in the vehicle to Provide a means for
geodetically indexing the reconnaigsance data,

a. Although the items of hardware to accomplish these task functions
@re within the state-of-the-art, specific items are not available in the
faventory. A development Program is therefore necessary,

6a. Task No. 39845 Ground Command Control Equipment (Uncl Title)

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97
Task Advisor: Sidney Rosenberg, RADC, RCVO - X-3117

c. Objective: The object of this task ts to design, develop, fabri-
cate and test the Ground Command Control Equipment for the ws 117L System.

transmit operational Program commands and time signals to the vehicle in
Proper form, sequence and quantity for both real time and programmed vehicular,
time-sequenced execution, It will also be capable of initiating "lost bird"
operation. The equipment will be capable of transmitting reliable commands
(via a high gain directional antenna) to the vehicle at radio range up to

2000 n. miles for elevation angles greater than 5°, :

DD Form 613 (cont.)

WD->7-0N 43


(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a, PERSONNEL OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCE
RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (SYSTEM 117L) b. (SYSTEM 117L POSS)

(3) Survey of Similar Equipment in Progress of R&D.

Survey Swrea be made to determine possible adaptation of research
anstruments into special training devices .~ will be
made in the area of trainers being developed for ballistic missile systens.

(4) Replacement Recosmendatidns . None,
(3) Statement of Effects. :

This project will yield information useful to the agencies respm sible

for Programming the personnel and training programs required to Properly man
WS 117A,

le. Background History and/or Progress.

Since the writing of the initial project card, several visitis have
been made to WSPO to determine fuding status and to obtain general information
on status of system development. As previously mentioned, representatives
from this Center Participated in preparation of » atement of work for
contractual negotiations. WSPO clearance was obtained to make initial
contacts at contractor facility to discuss development plan relevant to the
Personnel subsystem. Systen contractor personnel were familiarized with the
QPRI program and the nature of tasks involved in the development plan for
personnel and training problens. Visit to contractor revealed that
compekmtit: staffing has been accomplished to perform the caliber of
work ‘testred: Arrangements have-been-nade to furnish contractor with
format guides for reports to be published under this development project.

21f. Future Plans. Tentative arrangements were discussed with prime contractor
for publication of Task 87151 report during June 1957, Also discussed wére

Plans for publication of initial QPRI report (Task 87300) during December 1957
or early January 1958.

The project officer will maintain close contact with WSPO to establish
Proper phase relattonshtps-of~ development
status which is, in turn, largely dictated by funding actign.

S2lg. References. :

(1) ARDC System Requirement No. 5, dated 17 October 1955.
(2) Project Development Plan No. 8728 (DD Form 613), 28 February 1956,

(3) WS 117L Development Plan (wp), 2 April 1956.

agucl ASSIFIED Page Gof 7 Pages


©. Ground Teat starts
P. Integration with first flight (Completion or ground test)
E. Completion of functional testing of development model to demonstrate
“capebiaity (After flight test approval)
J. Preparation of Procurement data (End)
K. Production Engineering (End)
-Q. Design studies completed
oR Engineering Analysis Report
T. Technical Reports

-CONFIDENTIAE

aaa PAGE 22 oF 3)

W0-57- CEs


—CONFBENTAE

anne

Special Annex for Mission Support Funds (cont.) 2 April 1957

Project 1764

b. Travel to Hapc

will be performed to participate in launching of high
altitude’ rockets,

¢. Travel to Los Angeles will be Performed for Coordination of Program
with WSPo,

d. Travel to Palo Alto will be performed for liaison in obtaining technical
information on use of system test vehicles,
e. Travel to Patrick AFB
in launching of system test

f£. The travel re

quirements in this task are expected to remain essentially
the same for FY 59 and FY 60, .

DD Form 613 (cont. ) : * 26 4 $7. C140

will be Performed for coordination and Participation
vehicles. -

LW


The primary tracking system vill consist of radar @irection finding
and/or nulling interferometer and C.W. ranging equipment. ‘The ranging system
components include the command transmitter, command receiver, telemeter trans-
mitter, telemeter receiver, and ranging Dphasemeter. Acquisition will be

Stations numbered 1,6,7 and 8 above, will contain acquisition and tracking
equipment, an orbit computer, a command transmitter, a reconnaissance data
receiving and recording system, a telemeter receiving system, Programing and
timing equipment, and connections to the Ground communications net.

Stations numbered 2,3,4 and 5 above, will include most, but not all, of
the above equipment,

used). for increased redundaxy and communications security. The Primary command
link will be capable of turning on the telemeter transmitter or transponder-
beacon for lost-bird operation. .

A ruggedized mechanical escapement type programmer will be utilized for
the earlier vehicles. An improved Programmer, using punched tape or some
other storage technique, will be used for the more complex vehicles and, vhere

suitable for the final Operational system will be designed and used thronghout
the test and operational type flights. All the intercept stata: 2 W 1I7L
Intelligence Center, and the vehicle will be time-synchronized ‘s0 that’ orbital

The orbital computers at the intercept stations will use tracking data
and past orbital history to provide future orbital data and a time-synchronizea
recording of positional information will be available for future orbital and
Programing computations and for read-out with the time-synchronized recon-
naissance data recordings. The computers at the intercept stations will not
require the sophistication of the computer at the Master Vehicle In’
and Control Station, but each will be capable or growth from the initial use
for early flight tests to a final system...

The 8pace-to-ground transmission of the reconnaissance data will be accom-
Plished to furnish the urate with system requirements.

PAGE 2¢ oF 3)
WD-S7~ 0/1/43



“CONFIDENTIAL

A. Contract Awarded

B. Fabrication of development model ‘started (Prototype flight article)

C. Development model fabrication completed (Prototype flight article)

D. End of contractor compliance testing of development model (Acceptance test)
0. Ground Test starts

P. Integration with first flight (Completion of ground test)

EB. Completion of functional testing of development model to demonstrate
capability (After flight test approval)

J. Preparation of Procurement data (End)
K. Production engineering (End)
Q. Design studies completed

HBF 7-00UVY



te . fa ‘REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
R&D MANPOWER ANNEX
rr = pages
Cisvsvam Ejrrosecr Cytask Corner . pate
2 April 1957
REC ARPES TITLE * wriat. X leral
SROUD-SPACE COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS 1171 “ee 1762
an [ TM scrua, T= PROJECTED DIRECT MAN-VEARS :
comp ORGANIZATION TITLE MAIFQTRS ryt 57 vy te 58. laa! FY 1960 | To comme
cone _ . “ Last aTR ors ROAD AVAL RORD RaRD nono ROAD
worn [Ws 1171 Project Office, wo z 0.5 5 [10 Jos | 20 | 20 2.0 *
acu Directorate of Communications, . ° . _
RaDc R 1.3 06 | 18 [12 | 4&0 [ao | ao *
RCEM = |Minaile Support Laboratory , . .
Rape R 6.5 45 [55 [as fos | 2.0 7.0 *
Woon [Communications and Navigation : .
Laboratory, WADC ry 0 ‘04 [2.0 |o4 | 20 | 2.0 2.0 *
RCS Directorate of Technical
Services, RADC 8 0 05 Jos [1.0 | 10 | 1.0 Lo ¢
wie fright Control Laboratory
ADC , R 0 05 105 1os |os fos 0.5 *
Total Manpower 6.3 7.0 | 10.3 Jaa fas.o | 16.5 | 16.5 *
[rotal Manpower Dollars: 11,466 | 50,960] 74,986)38,968 fh36,480 |120,120 20,120 600,600
‘Continuing Requirement
SON BENT 5
AGE 25. OF 3]

ARDC , Toe, 109 ~via UD 5? ~ O11 43



fg tod re by

AWN /7© ~~ Ole

te - . 2+ REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
B&D CONTRACT PLIRDS ANNEX
tase on sees
Cisvsren Cgenouct Coram Corwen ate
2 April 1957
ons =e
""" (GHCLASSIFIED TITLR) ~aB j
DATA PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS 1171 1763
a c= SRST Bbermacr J eee re Perr oy [rag Tey ge Tm ro court
rr Fascan | ee [apes | ere Pee se_forowal eee Jorma] “woe boned oe Toes
Data Processing 1763 | 2-117 |sisu| —focom 600%. {27000
Subsystem .
P-200 Funds: peom 350mm 4 b s000n
od
a .
Tora. ENF 969 | 880 | 2000/ 3500] 6200|4230 | 600d soodz7000! 1200
vn Pe ee pe | ee

ARDC 4 fiias 110 previous rorrioms oF twa ronu ane


i
TR ELE
Wann rare sses 44
rm. RAD for ARS
zh ala 5
219.
_ is Ts z
Saas : 7} i719) sf pe <
* Rbekae 7 49795 a 5 24217
7 Bthed H ee
|i = Jet Stud: Contra : E 4 E 3
eee coat ination Tach Bhpt (Study bdatrtc a33 2 oY
mh In-house Studi a f { pa
~ 5 TIT
ARDC 157%. 103 previous aorrione 07-06 Pomu ARE casoLaTE

MBL = O10


Bayatem for ARS WS-117L 2 Apri 1957
Proj 1763

(UNCLASSIFIzp TITLE) Data Process

fundamental in determining the usefulness of the raw data to the variety of
Potential users, and, consequently, the Tequirements for the Processing
involved, Results of this phase of the work will be the basis for the final
design of the datawhandling system and will determine the Procedures and
characteristics of the equipment needed to best Satisfy the data Processing
Tequirements for each subsequent version of the reconnaissance vehicles,

(2) Task No. 39857 - Inj elligence Dat; Processing Syst, Design
Contractor: Not Yet Determined

Technical Advisor: Mr, R. Libby, RCWI, Intelligence Laboratory,
» New York

task. Possible uses of the collected Product against the intelligence
of major elements of the intelligence Community as well ag such factors ag
operational desirability, technical feasibility, and logistic Supportability
will be considered in arriving at the preferred system design.

(3) Task No. 858 - Equi; nt lication a Techni. Experimentation

Contractor; Not Yet Determined

Technical Advisor: Ist/Le. A, Buckland, RCWIO, RADC, Rome, New York,

(a) Selection and modification of existing commerical and in-
development equipment.

(b) the Performance characteristics and specifications of the
development items Tequired, including the optimum technical @pproach,

(4) Task No, 39859 - Equipme: nt Development
Contractor: Not Yet Determined

Technical Advisor: Mr, F. Kelly, RewIo, Intelligence Laboratory,
RaDC, Rome, New York

DD Form 613 (cont,) Sf L857. Sef


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment / Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ars Environment Proj 1764

Upon availability of an ARS vehicle as a Platform for the measure-
ment of meteoric particles, a relatively large sampling. time for making measure-
ments of interplanetary matter will be available. it is therefore of importance

time, while its weight should be kept to a minimua, ‘The development of equipment
for the ARS ig estimated to cost 50M over @ two-year period, while’ flight
and rocket testing would involve an additional 40M,

The program on Tesearch on high ‘speed impact phenomena will
be based on studies using shaped charges, and also investigations of dynamic
interactions of meteoroids in the atmosphere. The estimated cost of the
initial phase of this work is 80M over a two-year period,

3. (a) T-39793 - Atmospheric Density Determination at Altitudes
of Artifical Satellite.

(b) This task will be accomplished through a combination of "in-
howe" and contractual effort. Current contracts in effect are as follows:

(1) AF 19(604)-1871 - University of Michigan
(2) aF 19(604)-1890 - University of Michigan

(c) The objective of this task is to obtain reliable values of atmos-

pheric density, pressure and kinetic temperature between the altitudes of 200
to 400 miles.

Requirement and/or Justification

The primary objective of this task is to obtain reliable values of atmos-
pheric density, pressure and Kinetic temperature in the vicinity of 200 to 400
miles altitude, the altitude of a Proposed satellite System. These data are

needed in solving various Problems on the design of the ARS vehicle. Some of
these problems are; to

1. What altitude must be maintained by a satellite vehicle of specified
size and shape in order that the atmospheric drag be sufficiently small to per-
mit a minimum specified life time of the satellite.

2. How does temperature rise on the skin of the satellite vehicle due
to aerodynamic heating (friction between itself and the molecules of the atmos-
phere) vary with altitude below 400 miles altitude,

3. What is the minimm valu ction area ratio;. of a
satellite which will permit the requi: af hieved at specific

DD Form 613 (cont.) HES7 - eho



ie REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
R&D MANPOWER ANNEX -
vase or tases
Osysren Gierrosect Otasx Corner & DATE
2 April 1957
Cee ors aera) oes
Subsystem G, WS-117L une 1761
Lapras crue [= PROAICTED DIRECT WAN-YEARS
comm . ORGANIZATION TITLE “one | MAmoTRS Fy 57 Fy ts 58 FY 1959] ry 1960 | Tocomm.
cone LAST QTR AVAL ROAD Javan ORD RORO RQRO ROAD
-JTR | WS-117L Project Office, wD R 1.0 0.5 | 1.0 05 | 10 20 | 20 *
Wein | Aerial Reconnatssance. Lab., R 0.5 0.5 | 05 a5 | os 05 | os *
wane
TOTALS: 1.5 1.0 | 1s 1.0 f 1s 25 | 25 *
TOTAL MANPOWER DOLLARS: 2.730 7,280 fto,920 | 7,280 | 10,920 18,200/ 18,200} 91,c00
te
* Continuing Requirements
ARDC 550%, 109 pmevious eorrions oF TH ronw ane 7, : o
~ ais LP


INFRARED RECONNAISSANCE SUBSYSTEM FOR AESy Project: # 1761 2 April 1957

21 4.

21le,

21 g.

Other Information:

The satellite platform furnishes a unique vantage point for viewing infrared
targets in that it provides a very large horizon distance and minimum intervening
atmosphere, Technical Problems involved in the subsystem development are also
unique, Considering the envirenment and the long duration of unattended operation.
Duplication of other efforts is therefore not believed to exist. Equipment and
téchniques are under development which have similar operattonal applications, but
which have moze limited coverage. In particular, development work undertaken by

AFOIN-4 is clesely related to this effort and coordination between the two Programs»
will be effected, ‘ . .

ound Hist

During early design study of the WS-1L7L, the Missile Systems Division, Lockheed
Aircraft Corporation, recognized the possibility of accomplishing useful re-
connaissance with satellite-borne infrare ‘sensing equipment. 4 Proposal to this
effect was included in MSD-1726, 30 June’ 1956, "Pied Piper First Annual Report" on
Contract AF 33(616)-3105, Feasibility was further pursued by Lockheed, results
being given in Périodic reports and being summarized in MSD'1929, 6 September’ 1956,
"Preliminary Study of WS-117L Warning System Against ICBM Attack." Lockheed was
also engaged ina separate ATCBM study on Contract AF 33(616)-3284, reporting
Potential AICBM applications of a satellite infrared system in MSD 1844, 31 August
1956, "third Quartezly Report - AYcEM Study Program." A related program initiated
by AFOIN-4 contributed to the feasibility and desirability of thie approach.

During the next reporting period feasibility studies will be extended, .
Measurements of background effects. on an elementary system and of target character-
istics as viewed: from high altitude will establish range and perforinance
capabilities, Preliminary design of the subsystem will be conducted leading to
specifications for an experimental medel.

References

qa) General Operational Requirements (80) SA-2C, 11 March 1955

(2) System Requirement 5, 17 October 1955

(3) sD 1726, 30 June 1956, "Pied Piper First Annual Report"
(4) usp 1844, 31 August 1956, "Third Quarterly Report-arcam Study Program"

) .MSD'1929, 6 September 1956, "Preliminary Study of WS-117L Warning system
Against ICBM Attack" .

(6) Conteact a¥ 33(616)~3105

(7) Contract AF 33(616)-3284
4

PACE § GE jy

an eD Ai2 29



" ARWPLLSD MAY 53 a

SF of 45°

RDB PROJECT CARD

Maron, SpngROL Sra

1. PROJECT time

(UNCLASSI¥ IED TITLE) DATA PROCESSING SUBSYST!

FOR RS WS-L17L

2. SECURITY 3. PROJECT NUMBER
SECRET 1763

© INDEX Mumsual 5. REPORT DATE
2-117L 2 April 1957

6. BASIC FIED OR suBmCT 7, SUBPIELD OR SUBJECT SUBOROUP 7 Te om

NDA,
Strategic Air Warf agg! 39. Recon Interpretation and 10

- Computation. ; 10-9

§. COGNIZANT AGENCY 12. CONTRACTOR AND/OR LABORATORY COMTRACT/W.0. NO.
Air Research & Development
Command
9. DIRECTING ‘AGENCY SEC, 21. ¢ NONE

HQ ARDC WESTERN
DIVISION (WDD’

USAF /AMC-P
APGC-I

ACIC-I
SAC-I TAC-I Other: CIA-1
ADC-I USN/CNO-I

1A

19. . -AD-
This is the initial Report on this Project, Sst isa
: Totatl 2n5a0m

20. REQUIREMENT AND/OR JUSTHFICATION

GOR No. 80 (SM-2C) dated 16 March 1955 and SR_No. 5 dated 17 October 1955
establishes the requirement for an wir Force Intelligence Date Handiing System
capable of accepting and Processing visual, ferret and infrared data from
Satellite reconnaissance vehicles, Reconnaissance Satellites are expected to
provide a much greater number of "pieces" ofintelligence than ig being collecte
evaluated and analyzed today, or which is anticipated to be collected by other
Systems in the near future. This grat increase in quantity of collected
data will overtax the present intelligence data handling System at a time
when timeliness of information is of mounting importance. A data handling
system must therefore be especially designed and developed around the character.
istics of this collection system to minimize the time needed to produce meaning:
ful intelligence from the collected raw data. The requirement can ultimately
be best satisfied through the planned exploitation of automation, mechanization
electronics miniturization and modern production type techniques,

Development Directive No. 85, dated 3 August 1956, and System Development
Directive No, 11L7L, dated 17 August 1956, direct the development of an 7
Intelligence Data Processing Subsystem which is:

DDWIAR AT 12 YEAR
INTERVALS; NOT AUTOMATICALLY
DECLASSIFIED. DOD DIR 5200.10

w


(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a. PERSONNEL OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED
RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (SYSTEM LI7LY b. (SYSTEM 117 Poss)

(35) Task 87154-PROFICIENCY TEST DEVELOPMENT ,

{a) Contractor: To be determined. Partial in-service effort
by Personnel and Maintenance Laboratories monitoreq by this Headquarters.

(b) Objective: To provide valid tests of the job knowledge,
skill, and sehtevement varity for seNwuring the progress and/or proficiency
of operating and maintenance personnel.

(c) Approach: ‘This activity will consiat easentially of
establishing, monitoring end evaluating the test materials to be Produced on
@ contract basis.

(6) Task 87155-HANDBOOKS AND JOB AIDS
‘
Further detail on this task will be provided as the system progresses.
(7) Task 87156-TRAINING EQUIPMENT TESTING

Further detail on this task will be provided on this task as
system development progresses .

21d. Other Information.

(1) General. the information basic to ‘the preparation of reports
required by Task 87151 and Task 87300 efforts will be obtained through
contractual effort. Publication of these reports on a contractual basis
may be accomplighed with this Headquarters acting in a consultative andr) ites
monitoring capacity. It is anticipated that contract funds in the amount
indicated in ARDC Form 110 will be programmed through funding action to
be taken by the Weapon System Project Office for WS 117L.

indicates further effort should be expended to meet an Air Force requirenent
for informatidn in the areas covered by these tasks. However, further
development effort will not be expended in those task areas in which the
associated final activities are purchased by the Air Force
service, e g. Task for development of handbooks and job aids will not
be undertaken if it is determined manning on a contractual basis is
required or desired.

(2) Survey of Existing Standardize Equipment or Techniques.

Node except as discussed in Task 87153 and Task 87153.

i. Page 5 of 7 pages

She



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment .. Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

(d) roach
At the present time, there are two main areas of research:

qd) oA laboratory investigation of the effect of collisions of
particles, atoms, molecules and ions on solid surfaces (sputtering) conjoined with
the effect of recombination of atomic species on solid surfaces.

This laboratory study will be carried on mainly in-house,
but with modest contract let for auxiliary studies.

Primary in this research will be the problem of developing
ultra high vacuum mass ectrometer tubes for study of the effect of ion
bombardment of surfaces, Such a tube would require suitable component parts,
valve sealants, tubing and pumps to obtain this vacuum. This is necessary to

_ duplicate in the laboratory pr. res at satellite altitudes. The feasibility
of this development has already been established by in-house work. About half
of this is finished, leaving principally design engineering.

Different techniques, among them molecular beams, will be
used for the acceleration of the non-charged particles on Yreceiving test
Plates the nature of which will be ‘determined by vehicle design. In particular,
the effect on metals will be examined. The plates will be tested by a variety
techniques, microscopes, etc., for possible damage due to momentum trans-
Port (sputtering).

(2) Solar ultraviolet and X-ray study -- The goal set in this
vesearch is the measurenent of absolute intensities of the solar spectrum
from 1500 Angstroms down to a few Angstroms. Thig program is divided into
three phases, laboratory investigations, Measurements of solar intensities
in rockets and finally, construction of the satellite instrumentation by mint-
aturization of rocket instrumentation.

This region of the spectrum is relatively unexplored; hence,
a whole new system of monochromators, sources and detectors mist be con-
structed, First, there must be the calibration against a primary detector,
thermocouple not calorimetric. These secondary detectors must be reliable
and reproducible. In type, they may be dependent upon’ the interaction of
radiation with a filling gas or on the effect of radiation upon a cathode.
Therefore, laboratory work will be needed to select adequate detectors.

The monochromators to be constructed are unique in. design
and rather elaborate in the equipment necessary to perform the desired calibra-
tion. They have already been designed and are Presently under construction,

To put them into actual: operation will take an extensive period of working-out
of the manifold details and problems involved.

The construction of detectors will be to a large extent

“ ee

under contract,

DD Form 613 (cont.) WKS - OF 9/1 ha


an

nd a 2)

>
Mey uction of this document i ehyir

ARWPLO9 MAY 63 5m in rt 4a prebibited
hermissten of the offies Of origin,
—_— TY CCT — —
TYPE OF nePonT REPORTS SDNTROL SYMBOL
RDB PROJECT CARD New Project ‘DD-RDBL AE

1, Promict Tru ° ; 2 ssc 3, PROMCT NUMMER

(SECRET TITLE) INFRARED RECONNAISSANCE SuB- :

SYSTEM FOR ARS, WS-117L —Soner- 1761

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) SUBSYSTEM G, WS-11L7L 4. INGEX WUMAER] 5. REPORT DATE

7 2-117L 2 April 1957
6. BASIC FID On susmecT 7. SUSE OR SUBJECT SUBGROUP 7A. TECH. OBS.
Strategic Air Warfare System 117L 37-Recon-Electronic Equipment rene
,

&. COONIZANT AeaNcY 12. CONTRACTOR AND/OR LABORATORY CONTRACT/W.0. NO.

ARDC wwheckheed Aircraft Corp. AF 04(647)-97

a

9. DIRECTING AGENCY iE 2 Pte

HQ ARDC, WDD IRM A 7
OFFICE symeoL TREPHONE §O. j a Ye
_ WTR Ext. 1343 ead
10. REQUESTING ve .

HQ UsaF .
41. PARTICIPATION, COORDINATION, mTEREST Td

USAF/AMC-P ATC-E >. 14: BATE APPROVED

SAC-1 USN/CNO-1

APGC-T USA/C/S-1

ATIC-I OTHER/CIA-1 18, PRIORITY 6

Apc!y la A (Missiles)
itm . ; , . 60 :

This is the initial report on this project, :

20. REQUIREMENT AND/O8 JUSTINCATION

“The Infrared Reconnaissance Subsystem ig designed to fulfill, in part,
the: intelligence objectives outlined in System Requirement No. 5, dated 17 -
October. : Development of an infrared sensing capability PFovides. unique
intelligence data for strategic warning Purposes. Ultimately, with a system .

under continuous and Complete surveillance. The sub:

which rise out of

the lower atmosphere. This fixes
or rocket types of

airborne vehicles and Permits rap

unfriendly territory will be placed
Screen aut unintelligible signals and respond ‘only: to highly emitting targets

system will automatically

its response to large jet
id interpretation of signal

receLved,.
22. R08 7) cn —FOnaR 1A To
lt Dn ee
DD Be fit 4 _
(DED AT 12 YEAR w Oe fe
INTERVALS; NOT AUTOMATICALL' Vv P0134

Reet aceicien NAN DIR 5200.10


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment Data for ARS,WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764
R&D Manpower Annex (cont.)

5. Pressure Gauge Density Experiment Team

a. The responsibility of the Pressure Gauge Density Tean will, in
consideration of Present methods limited to altitudes of about 130 km, scien-
tifically plan, develop, test, and launch a rocket borne Pressure gauge in-
strumentation for density measurement at altitudes up to 500 km.

b. The Tesponsibility of the deputy task scientist will be to plan,
direct and administer the Program of the team. He will consult with and
advise the Physicist and engineer in theoretical study, design, development,
laboratory teeting, contractual Procurement of the flight model instrumentation
and will serve as Pield Director at experimental test grounds,

c. The Physicist will be responsible for carrying out the team pro-
8ram of theoretical work on applied and background research pertaining to the
Pressure Gauge Density Experiment. He will be concerned with the evaluation

d. The Engineer will
mental program, the electronic
instrumentation. He will iniet,
tractor construction contract

installation, He will serve as field engineer duri;
mental tests,

6. Data Reduction Team - The responsibility of the Data Reduction Tean
will be to reduce telemetered, Photographic, and other transmitted data
that may be supplied from airborne density instrumentation; and to present
this data in useful form for geophysical interpretation, :

7. The Task 39794 Planning and Supervision will be under the direction
of a Task Scientist, Throughout the period of the task,-he will be Tespon-
sible for the Preparation and Prosecution of the general scientific plans and
for the coordination. of work of the contributing agencies of the entire pro-
gram. He will be Tesponsible for all the phases of the Program, including
selection of contractor, approval of Proposals, supervision of both contractual

~ CONFIDENTIAL

24 Y8-$9- anya


“é@

The prototype will have no tracking “capab
intersatellite communication.

investigated. These include techniques’ such as x.
beams in conjunction with an el: r

elements, utilizing a solid angle of pencil beans emanating from an electroni-
cally scanned stationary mosaic of detectors, or utilizing a single element
with an optical scanning device, Promising detector elements such as lead
sulphide, lead telluride, lead sellenide, indium antimonide, gold doped
germanium, etc. will be evaluated, Relative suitability of such detectors
will be determined in terms of spectral, résponse, sensitivity, time constant,
cooling requirements, physical Properties, nuclear radiation damage, and
environmental Compatibility. Airborne data processing equipment similar to
that under development for the Electronic Reconnaissance Subsystem will be
utilized, with and without, data storage features.

Breadboard couponent studies will be conducted and ‘aa experimental model -
built. The experimental model will be tested exhaustively on the ground
and in aircraft. Test results will lead to Prototype design specifications.
Power requirements, heat generation, weight, and size of the prototype will
be reduced to an absolute minimem by miniaturization and transisturization
wherever possible. A very substantial effort will be exerted to achieve an
extreme degree of reliability for the entire system. Redundant as well as
improved components will be considered. After extensive ground and aircraft
tests, the Prototype will. be given. orbital flight tests.

Takk, 39835: Feasibility of Advanced Applications .

(a)

b)

mo)

Sontractors: . . ; .
Prime Centractor: Lockhead Aircraft, Corporation, AF 04(647)-97
Exige Contractor:
Subcontractor: Undetermined

Objective: Study the feasibility of more difficult and advanced applications
of Satellite-borne infrared-sensing equipment.

Approach: Practicable operational concepts and ‘equipments will be studied
to extend. the performance of..the. Infrared Subsystem beyond that of the pro-
totype system, Coverage of. enemy territory as a function of orbital plane,
orbital. altitude, number of vehicles on orbit,. and data transmission methods

PAGE ¥ OF ly

mn 69 NI €D.



&

_

wer

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Bnvironment Data For ARS, WSLL7L 2 April 1957

Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764
Manpower Annex (cont. )

and in-house efforts contributing to design, fabrication, test, calibration
and data reduction and interpretation -- in short, the integration of the

results of the contract program and the in-house Programs. The Task
Scientist is currently available,

required Program,
be required to abs.
sites and to maint: Vy schedule of tocket preparation and firings,

In FY 59 two additional Research Engineers will be required to conduct liaigon
on instrumentation of orbiting and non-orbiting test vehicles, :

VE-57. CMO



UU

te = . . REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL.
; “ RS Dsome .
. Osysreu CQprosecr Cotasx (Cjorme | . Sprit 1957
tre RS 7 ~ > arma CF je NuMeER
-CUNCLASSIF IED ‘TTTLE) GROUMD-SPACE.copanttcartons FoR ABS, WS 117L |: cuanee > - 1762
sepa 7 AAR 7
a PROJECT OR. 2 36 1s 57 a 8 » “1961
rhe LM ARAADS [tants |sTa]e [ofnfols[eful ale la}e lel AMAA r
1762 ri
ol le
|_Equip 1.
ces Ir
7 Ie.
: . : me
. C1) ie |
WWsbicle Command Receiving | 39845 a

ARDG 4 530%, 108

PREVIOUR EDITIONS OF Ties FORM AR

«


CONCLASSIFTED tTrriz) Geophysica¥’ Environment.’ Pata for ARS, WS117L 2 Apri) 1957
Short Title: 4R8 Environment. . . Proj 1764

tation. The 8p! contains a radio transmitter which telays the accel-
erometer signal to @ ground Tecorder, The double integration of the totel

acceleration e@ altitude as a function of time to Teasgonable ac-
curacy for hi, flights. An independent complicated analytical Teitera-

tion method yields sphere velocity and altitude versus time independently,

coefficient at the mach numbers and Reynold's numbers experienced by the
sphere. These values of drag coefficient have been measured in ballistic
ranges and hypersonic wind tunnels,

Extending the Sphere experiment to higher altitudes involves
increasing the area to mass ration of the sphere, shifting the Fange of the ac-
Celerometer to very low values (this essenti,
accelerations, corresponding to lower altitudes), The system does not work
at or near zenith since the velocity ig too low (approaching Zero for a verital
flight) for drag to be measurable,

three main steps: (a) Adapting to rocke
designed for ver low Pressures (Alpert type); (b) eliminating the ‘effect of
contamination of the measurement from rocket outgassing by housing the

gauges ina separate thoroughly outgassed body which will be spring ejected

This step of the task involves the design and construction of
the equipment which ig expected to be flown in the initiel series of Tocket.

DD Form 613 (cont.) WO-S7- ono


(UNCLASSIF TED TITLE) Geophysical or ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title:. ARs Environment Proj 1764

atmosphere of 5 x 106 gm per day, However, these ground-based methods are
limited and a grave anomaly, of importance to the ARS, exis
visual and Photographic methods are only sensitive to meteors of visual

magnitude +5 (19-2 grams mass, 1011 ergs energy) and the tadio and telescope
pothodg to visual Magnitude of the order Of 8 (mass x 107-4 gm, energy

6 x 10 ergs), information derived from these methods Tegarding meteoric particles
with mass less than 10° gm is seriously lacking. These smaller particles are

far more numerous and therefore have a high Probability of encountering a vehicle
above the earth's atmosphere,

From the standpoint of ARS, the hazard to space vehicles in an inter-
Planetary environment seems closely dependent upon the effects of inter-
Planetary Matter, as well 48 such other factors as cosmic radiation, atmos-
Pheric dr, » and energetic Solar radiation, On the. one hend, relatively large
impacts may result in Penetration of the vehicle surface and subsequent de-
struction of important equipment, affecting the usefulness of the vehicle,
While smsller impacts would result in an abrasion affecting the usefulness of
lenses and photosensitive surface areas, etc,

(a) Approach

The areas of investigation in this task may be broadly divided
into rocket and satellite experiments and laboratory 8

DD Form 613 (cont.) 5 HO-S7- O16


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957.

registration of the vehicle position, telemetry reception and recording, and
@ synchronized timing system,

The electronics to be contained in the vehicle and which are to be
developed under this project will Provide the means for transmission of the
Yeconnaissance data to the ground receivers, control and Programming of the
vehicle payload functions, telemeter encoding and transmitting, vehicle

timing and, as an important function of the command facility, a destruct
Command channel.

b, roc!

A system of ground stations will be strategically located to provide
efficient tracking, comuand control, and intercept of the vehicle. When the
vehicle is within radio range of a Station, an acquisition and tracking system
will determine the position of the vehicle and transmit the Position data to
the orbit Computer, Discrete Program commands will be based upon a determina-
tion of the position of the vehicle in its orbit. The high-gain telemetry

e

The station locations are to be determined to Provide maximum
coverage while still Preserving security, Inter-station communication
systems are to be used; these will rely on wire and tadio nets.

‘The major problems to be overcome are (1) high reliability of
vehicle electronic equipment due to long unattended opération in a foreign
environment, (2) development of a Steerable airbrone data link tracking
scheme, and (3) availability of a suitable data transmitting tube.

"See Tasks"

c. Subsystem Tasks

The Ground-Space Communication Subsystem is divided into the
following tasks:

la. Task No. 39840 (Uncl Title) Acquisition and Tracking Equipment

b. Contractor; Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract:.No. AP 04 (647)-97

DD Form 613 (cont. ) ON MF 3) WD-5?- oOo” ¥3



Seah 1 development growth
hip of Opérational experience
8.

(c) state of the art development, defining possible
improvements in information yield (quantity and quality) and efficiency of
handling (timeliness and reliability),

(2) It is intended that this subsystem development be Phased to
match the realistic operational demands and requirements for the W8-117L Product,
and to be Compatible with the volume and type of system collection Capabilities

for each subsequent version of the reconnaissance vehicle. Ie will therefore be
required to serially;

(b) Initiate the required equipment development Programs
and perform Tequired engineering to install and test the system while con-

currently conducting Tesearch on techniques and Procedures. for applications
to the more advanced facilities,

¢. Solution

(1) The Philosophy underlying the development of the Data
Processing Subsystem is based on conclusions arrived at through Studies
accomplished since 1946 by the United States Air Force and various scientific
Organizations, These Conclusions are sumuarized ag follows: . .

(a) Intelligence information of vital importance to the
nation can be obtained bya Satellite Intelligence System.

(b) A Satellite Intelligence System is technically
feasible and 1s practical for development at this time,

(2) The Success of the overall Program is dependent upon the
following factors which apply Specifically to the Data Processing Subsystem:

(a) Continual Cooperation and coordination between the
United States Air Force and industry throughout the development of the WS-1171
Weapon System,

(by The timely occurrence of decisions throughout the
System development to insure scheduling of effort to meet the Operational dates
established for the WS-117L Weapon System,



rae .
(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARs Environment Proj 1764

absorptions) of the specific Bases of the atmosphere are Fequired, Much ig

Both experimental and ‘theoretical phases under this infrared
background Study are planned:

Experimental ;

(1) The design and construction of a far-infrared spectrom-
eter to be borne aloft by balloon capable of measuring the terrestrial thermal
flux, spectrally resolved from 4 to 24 microns, etc. The work to be
contracted, :

(2) Design and construction of balloon borne equipment to
measure attenuation of the infrared solar flux in the region of 0.8 to 9 microns
at various altitudes from 5,000 to 100,000 feet, with sun at low altitudes to
increase the path length through the atmosphere. The work to be contracted.

Theoretical:

(3) The thermal emission from model atmosphere corres-
ponding as closely as possible to the terrestrial atmosphere will be calculated
using the latest available and suitable modified laboratory transmission
functions. The emission will be Computed for various heights to be later
specified in the atmosphere. The work to be contracted, .

Possible contractors, and the possible Principal
Investigators are;

Johns Hopkins University, Prof. John P. Strong
University of Utah, Prof. J. y. Hales (with Prog,
W. Elsasser, Consultant, Scripps Institute of
Oceanography)
Aerotronics, Glendale, Calif., Dr. Gilbert N. Plass
University of Colorado, Prof. w. S. Rense
University of Denver, Mr, David Murcray
Ball. Bros. Research Institute, Dr. David Stacey

(5) Activities - By-Products Directly Applicable to ARS

The main Stoups of by-products of the program of work on
the Thermal Radiation Program may be anticipated for ARS. One group is the
reduction in. the uncertainty in the three Sorts of radiation intensities

DD Form 613 (cont, — CONFIDE Riis. WO-57- a11Ke


Fe
Us: heise

ED

(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a. PERSONNEL OPERATIONS u y
RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (SYSTEM 117L) b. (SYSTEM 117L Poss)

@)
(5)
(6)
(7)

ARDC System Development Directive No. 117L, 17 August 1956.
Amendment No. 2 to ARDC SDD No. 117L, 1 October 1956.
Project Development Diréctive No.. 8728, October 1956.

Letter WDTR, Bq ARDC, 18 Deceaber 1956, subject, "Meeting

of Technical Advisors to WS 117L",

21h. Coordination rand Signature Block.

Responsible Center, AFPTRC.

FEB Rebeka, 4,

Prov STANLEY VALCIK

Major

USAF

QPRI Project Officer

THOMAS WILDES

Col

USAF i

DCS/Operatiéns

FREDERIC GC. B,

Gelonel, UsaF

Assistant for W117,
Technical Operations (WDD) TA

. a Page 7 of 7 pages


R & D CONTRACT FuwSs ANNEX
Oisvstem  g provect Omsk Corner

or maces

2 April 1957
ag omen arnee ey aS oo
ACE COMMINTCATIONS SUBSYSTEM FoR 488, WS 117L chanee 1762
wi “pro. ERD ‘Soura Me Hemev vas | py 57 i pyS Ler-5) 1% *v60 [ro come,
iia reece | tree | senes" |" ere Po maf oe Se breesl oe lorena] oe forvad se Prem
Ground Space Commni- 1762 E 1FO4(647)/ 2-117 535M, 147; B00 0008] 6 20 , OOD
cations Subsysten 7 .
P-100 Fr 20M, p000M| x 250
P-200 35M 90m] 221 450
q Sub Totals:
P-600 535M pera
P-100 4
[P=200 1.
Tora, 535 1472 [555 5000]2090]5000 585 5000 8100 }20000] 7000
x ud MIM Mu x Mu M

ARDC Wu's 10 previous eorvious or ‘THES FORWARE

Pee. 26 OF 37
D-s?- Ones



ALL 2 Apri 1957
Proj 1763

(b) reduction in the required time and complexity of training

(c) more timely and efficient Processing of information through-
out the entire subsystem,

d. (1) There will be no development duplication between this subsystem
and systems 4381, 456, and 461L, but rather considerable effort will be made
to take Advantage and exploit the Similarities of the Programs for maximum
trade off of the attained equipments and techniques. This subsystem will
be made completely Compatible with syste 438L, and when operational, these
Systems will be mutually Supporting and complimentary in nature,

The concept of the Advanced Reconnaissance System is a Tesult of
Studies conducted at the RAND Corporation, A study completed in 1947
together with similar investigations by other contractors concluded that
a satellite vehicle was feasible as a reconnaissance vehicle but not as a
Weapon carrier, In 1950, the Research and Development Board veated satellite
custody in the Air Force, and RAND was directed to explore its Possible
military utility,

DD Form 613 (cone.) oo big hifi? Sige MO$7- orryy


a. Statement of the Problem

(1.
tation of a rea

the capability
of raw data col
and development
Tequirements.

80(SM-2C) dated
the WS-117L to
decision making

with equipment,
newly collected

mate with the-ARS develo

support, and re.
System. -

Collection syst,
the Data Proces;
the increasing

) The primary pr
listic Program to
ligence Data Proc
of transforming t!
lected by the ws-

‘oblem involves the establishment and implemen-
insure the timely design and development of an
essing Subsystem. This subsystem must possess
he variety and Steadily increasing volume

117L, as programmed in the combined operational

schedule, into meaningful intelligence which satisfies user

The fundamental o

bjective and requirement expressed by GOR No.

16 March 1955 and SR No. 5 dated 17 October 1955 is to develop

be of maximum val;
agencies and ind

ue to the U.S. Intelligence Community and key
ividuals. The WS-117L will be an addition to
Collection System. It will have the unique

roviding a substantially continuous "look" at those areas and

critical importance to the Department of

'Y Sovernment agencies, such as the Department of State.
at the constant high rate, bigh volume collection

he WS-117L will Sreatly exceed the standard date handling

the intelligence organization. The planned USAF intelligence
organization and structure will

therefore require systemttized augmentation

techniques, Procedures, and People to effectively utilize this
Product. The timing and development of this subsystem must

pment and operation and must be compatible with,

ceive feedback from the other elements of the intelligence

em. The problem

sing Subsystem during its development to efficiently utilize.
volume of data collected by the various development. versions

of the satellite vehicle,
b. Approach
(1

possible time.

) The approach as set forth in the subsystem plan is based
on an evolutionary concept to:

(a) Secure useabl

tion at the earliest

HOS7_orpyy


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Data Proces ing Subsystem for ARS WS-1171, 2 April 1957
Proj 1763

Recommendations: for an expanded study of reconnaissance applications
were made to the Air Staff in late 1950 and 4 formal report (RAND-217) followed
in April 1951, Feasibility studies for critical subsystem initiated at that
time were television (RCA) , attitude control (North American Aviation),

Quclear auxiliar Power units (Bendix Aviation, Frederick Flader, Allis Chalmers,
and Vitro Corporation). .

The present concept of operation of
Was evolved ag a Combined effort of the Intel
the various Air Force commands, As the devel,

concept of Operations may be Te-evaluated in
with modifications anticipated,

£. Future Plans

The extent of future plans is outlined in Tab 1, General Design
Specifications, Revisions to the basic Plan will be accomplished throughout
the development cycle to insure timely and valid decisions,

B- References

1. RAND Corporation Report R~217, April 1951,

2. RAND Corporation Report R-262, February 1954,

3. Systems Requirement No. 5 dated 27 November 1954, Tevised
17 October 1955,

4. GOR No. 80 (84-20) dated 16 March 1955,

5. DD Form 613, entitled "Advance Reconnaissance System: Project
No. 1115", dated 19 April 1955, Res: DD-R&D/A/119,

6. Project 1115, Task 15000 (nel) “Intelligence Parameters Study
for Advanced Reconnaissance System",

7. Project 1115, Task 15001 (Uacl) "Study of Intelligence Processing
Methods for Advanced Reconnaissance System," .

8. RADC Document entitled (Unc1) "Intelligence Requirements as
Developed for the 1960-65 Time Period," dated 1 June 1955, Control Nr NI-2443,

.

DD Form 613 (cont, ) me: fr Kb HOS7. onyy


T TST REE Te ——_
- Contract Punos ANNEX Pace or aces
CO svsten £] Prosect OJ tax CO omen pee :
= == Koei 57
a .
STN LSSIFID Title) «. FRSOMNEL OPERATION ram Ly Tee
SUBSYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED ISSAICE SISTRS ‘eum AL 8728
(srsrex an)», (srstau 1271 orn) ~e
% = x — =
seopriaren ee ale ee eed tm KS | an ol cmt, | 0 cer 60 goiclircn
Syeten 1171 QPnt 8728 lem | 156.00! el ence
. aa * — > .
Tora. ° _~Y laer [56,001 44.0] slow -
NOTE: Fagen Snel set oT ie es aE Rede BS TS ae
ARDC terse THB

ngVIOUs EDITION OF tie FORM wey Ei ceery

uses § ts 15 iemediawly above tor 18



Riwerss

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Env: ronment Bata for 4RS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARs Environment woes Proj 1764

orbiting altitudes. the Present estimates of the magnitudes of these Properties
are quite uncertain, Pressure and desnity may be in error by factor of 100 or-
1000 at 350 miles altitude because they are based on extrapolation of values at
of measurements to 200

since it ig
“Results of ¢

su
ARS test vehicles. ‘Th: n part upon the success of the pri-
mary objectives, although the conditions for Outgassing are sufficiently dis-
ferent to materially simplify the accomplishment of this objective,

(d) Approach

At this writing, the task ppears to involve eight steps.
(1) Feasibility Study of two Proposed methods for measuring

the required parameters.

The feasibility of two methods for the measurement of atmos-
Pressure and temperature are being explored, These methods
are (1) an extension of the falling sphere experiment and (2) the lonization
Sauge experiment currently. being employed up to altitudes of 75 to 100 miles,

The present falling sphere experiment involves the ejection
of a@ sphere. from a rocket at high altitudes, and the Measurement of the drag
force of the atmosphere on the sphere as it Moves though space, (It may be
ejected anytime after the end of rocket Powered flight and hence will rise to
4 peak slightly lower than that of the rocket, :

WO ~$7- FIIKO

DD Form 613 (cont)


(UNCLASSIF Tep. TITLE) Data Processing Subsystem for ARS WS-117L 2 Sprit 1957
vat . Proj 1763

&. Tailored to the collection characteristics and capabilities
of the reconnaissance satellite,

b. Designed to centrally provide for rapid and efficient Processing
and dissemination of all satellite Collected data in @ manner which best
Satisfies user requirements.

21. Brief and Military Characteristics

and procedures to transform recorded, raw, Photographic, ferret and infrared
data into useful intelligence, This data Processing subsystem will incorporate
timely intelligence feedback from other intelligence collection Systems and

a. Best Operational employment of the satellite collection Capabilities,

Channels and reception at ground receiving stations, The ground receiving
stations will identify, Tecord, and retransmit thig information to a central
Point, for simplicity termed the ARSIC (Advance Reconnaissance System Intelligence
Center). the Intelligence Data Processing Subsystem located primarily within

intelligence in the forms, frequencies and quantities desired by various users
are: Processing, screening, interpretation, collation, evaluation, indexing,
Storage and retrieval, analysis, display, dissemination and Presentation,

The WS-117L ig being developed on development schedule phased over a
period of years and including a variety of configurations, capabilities, and
useful vehicle life Spans. It is planned to develop the Data Processing Sub-
System on an orderly growth basis which is phased to the collection Capa~

tem.

To be Tealistic, the design and development of the subsystem must be
founded upon:

DD Form 613 (cont.)



INFRARED RECONNAISSANCE SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS-117L Project: #1761 2 April 1957

(2) Zask 39833: Target Characteristics Viewed frow High Altitude
(a) Contractors: ;
Prime Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, AF 04(647)-97

Subcontractors: Eastman Kodak Company (Proposed)

Technical Advisor: Mr. L. H, Meuser
WCLR, WADC

(b) Objective: Measure infrared radiation intensity emanating from
"appropriate types of missiles and aircraft as a function of their altitude.
Make these measurements from as high an altitude as possible to minimize
the very great effect of the lower atmosphere. Together with back-
ground effects investigated under Task 39632, these measurements are
essential to evaluating operational Performance expectations.

(ce) Approach: An instrumented aircraft will be flown at 45 2000 feet or
higher. Equipment will. have in-flight calibration features to measure
intensity in important spectral regions, placing particular emphasis
on the 2-3 and 4-5 micron regions. Measurements will be performed on
two-target types as follows:

lL Air-breathing turbo- jet or turbo-prop aircraft with high horse-
power engines, such as the B-47, B-52, C-130, F-102 and F-104, The
target aircraft altitude will be varied from sea level to 45,000 feet
with particular emphasis on altitudes above 20,000 feet. The target
espect will be varied sufficiently to allow construction of approximate
polar intensity plots. :

2. Burning rocket engines of the ICBM type. Radiation intensity will

be measured during ascent from sea level to burnout, and beyond if
possible.

Pursuit of this task is contingent upon obtaining a suitable USAF aircraft
with crew and such Operational support as ig necessary. A request for test
aircraft and support from AFFIC, Edwards Air Force Base, has been initiated and
resources annexes are in preparation.

@) Task 39834: Prototype. Infrared Subsystem

(a) Contractors: :
Prime Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation AF 04{647)-97

Subcontractors: Aerojet-General Corporation
Eastman Kodak Company -

Technical Advisor: Mr. L. H. Meuser
. WCLR, WADC

(b) Objective: Develop a prototype Infrared Subsystem with detection
Capabilities as outlined in the General Design Specification.

PAGE 3 OF jy
IWD-SP- n12.¢2


7 * REPORTS CONTROL srmpOC

‘we x o . pase or pacas
Cisvstem (jerosecr ASK Orne:
. * °F aprit 1957

g wD — Cy
Geophysical Euviroumant Dace for 428, WB LL7L meri. HE

Bo

Short Title: sks Environment
re ee

cour OnaAMIZATION TITLE Yes

fications equaling those of Gs-| 2 or

The manpower requirements
the basis that three Physicibts and

or the

The application of ¢:
tal laboratory date
#0, The p; ration

ABDC , cory 1p PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THIS FORM ARE. SF -e 7/0
27


ong

Px

a
R&D MANPOWER ANNEX
Cisvsren CR provect Orasx Corner
2 April 1957
Js GNe Laser iRS TICE via, Ey © wolesen ~
1763
DATA PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM FoR ARS, WS117L suanee 6
ee Te = Serual De PROMECTED DIRECT WAN-YEARS
come OnGaNIZATION TrTLE one | MAWaris vy 56 ry 59 £¥ 160 Fy 06] Tro compe
cope . Last ome [ar oy AvAL Cae ary mano Rano
WTR | WELI7L Project office wn R 1 1 1 2 1 24 2 *
"ROWIO Intelligence Lab, rapc R 5 4 4 48} 7s | as 1.0 | *
DSH Human Factors Lab, Rane Rg 0 oO O lo 2.0 2.0 2.0
TOTAL: 6 5 5 6.8 | 10.5 | 26.5 18:0
Total Manpower Dollars: 10,320 36,400 } 36,400 49,500 | 74,400} 120,100 131,000 655,
f. Se

ARDC 59%, 109 PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THEE FonM 4 Re


—GONFBENTIAL

(UNCLASsIF iED TITLE) Data Processing Sub; for ARS WS-117L 2 April 1957

“ae ‘ Proj 1763

Tasks (cont.)

45962 - Magnetic Tape Duplicator/Transmitter Development.
45963 ~ Geographic Indexing, Searching and Plotting $

h. Coordination and Signature Block a
—T on and Signature Block

. L. .
HAROLD F. WIENBERG FREDERIC ©. E. ODER te

Major, USAF Colonel, USAF |
Project Engineer Asst. for WS 1171 a

DD Form 613 (cont. )

HO 2.0009
CONCINENS,


Special Annex for Mission Support Funds (cont.) 2 April 1957
* Project 1764

b. Travel to Holloman Air. Development Center will be performed in carrying
out high altitude rocket experiments. Each rocket experiments. Each Tocket
firing Tequires at least: two (2) personnel for a period o£ @ week to ten

days,

qd. The travel requirements for. this task thru FY 59 will Probably remain
at about $8000, per year.

3a. $5970. o£ P-690-02 funds will be required in the Performance of
Taek T-39793 in Fy 57,
%

ql) 2 trips to Los Angeles, Calif, at $400. each. $800.
(2) 4 trips to Ann Arbor, Mich, at $125. each $00.
@G) 8 trips_to HaDC, N.M. at $400, each 3200,
(4) 2 trips to Chicago, T11. at $125. each 250,
() 8 trips to New York area at $40, each 320,
(6) Miscellaneous travel

S, gin FY 58, 7 addtetonal tripe to HADC at $400. and 2 additional trips to

Los Angeles at $400, will be required to Participate in rocket data gathering
flights and monitoring contracts,

d. In FY 59, 4 additional trips to HADC at $400. will be Tequired to
Participate in rocket data Sathering launchings,
3. In FY 60 travel will be Tequired ag follows:

(1). 2 trips to Los Angeles at $400, each $800.
(2) 2 trips to Chicago at $125, each 250.
G3) 3 ‘trips to New York at $40, each 120.
(4) Miscellaneous travel 300.
Total $1470,
Therefore, P690-02
FY 58 9570
FY 59 7570
FY 60 1470

DD Form 613 (cont.) 22 He. 7. OKO


A

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space ‘Ommunication Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 ~ 2 April 1957

ws

rf

(4) Replacement Recommendations: The equipments developed for this
subsystem will have pogsible utility at instrumented test ranges, in navigation
Systems, in tactical control systems, etc, The nulling interferometer, for
instance, will Provide a veplacement capability for pulse radar trackers,

Data tranemission and reception equipment may offer replacement capabilities
for similar equipments used in other systems,

(5) Statement of Effects: Thig Portion of System 117L will not impose

a severe operational burden on maintenance, Organization, and logistics in
general, This Statement does not apply to the development and test phases

effects are implied on logistics, maintenance, organization, etc, It is
anticipated that judicious use will be made of contractor personnel and

2le. Background History: The concept of the Advanced Reconnaissance System

is a result of Studies conducted at the Rand Corporation.. A Study completed

in 1947 together with similar. investigations by other contractors concluded
that a satellite vehicle wag feasible as a reconnaissance vehicle but not as

4 weapon carrier, In 1950 the Research and Development Board vested satellite
custody in the Air Force, and Rand was directed to explore its Possible military
utility, Recommendations for an expanded study of reconnaissance applications
Were made to the Air Staff in late 1950 and a formal report (Rand 217) followed
in April 1951, Feasibility Studies for critical subsystems initiated at that
time were television (Rca), attitude control (North American Aviation), nuclear

auxiliary power units (Bendix Aviation, Frederick Flader, Allis Chalmers and
Vitro Corporation),

1954. Thie requirement, SR-5, directed system design studies in order to
determine the technical and economical magnitude of a full scale development

In early 1955, RCA, Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Glenn L. Martin Company
and Beli Telephone Labs Were solicited to bid for @ contractual design
Study effort of one year's duration, Proposals Teceived from RCA, Lockheed
and Martin were evaluated by USAF Personnel on the acquisition, tracking,
Sround-air communications and Command: portion of th Reconnaissance

RAS
design study

approaches.
These contracts were awarded), each,

DD Form 613 (coat.)

WDp-57- ON Ys


DUNTTIV ota

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground~Spa, Soman.
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957. | VEE,

the complete reconnaissance information received from the vehicle in the
Surveillance System. Facilities for storage of the received information

preliminary evaluation or for re-transmission without further Processing,
The storage medium will be of a permanent nature to permit storage for
long periods of time,

(4) Wherever possible within the constraint considerations
of security, practicality and time, the interstation Communication

facilities will be integrated with the AF Communication Support System, $-456L
(SR-132, GOR-129).

(5) Error detection and correction techniques will be
employed to insure the. accurate transmission of the Yecomnaissance, command
and orbital tracking data between the ground-based stations, Suitable security

and encoding techniques will be developed to resist enemy jamming, provide
, 8@crecy and low datectibility,

(6) Internal Communications will be provided at each Launching
Site and Intercept and Control Stations, as required, for. efficient and
reliable operation of the subsystem. These facilities will Provide for all
phases of the operation, i.e., pre-launch, launch, ascent guidance, non-
orbiting and orbiting phases,

d. Proposed Approach “

(1) Interstation Communication Facilities

(a) The general opérational and command eireults will make
maximum use of conventional wire lines. carrying voice, teletype, code and/or
graphics (facsimile) messages with radio nets as back-up. Commercial circuits
will be used wherever security considerations permit such use.

(b) The data transmission circuits will initially consist
of narrow bandwidth links such as land lines, high frequency radio and/or
microwave relay, and high-speed aircraft, Techniques using facsimile, slowed-
down video, etc. will be considered for transmission of a limited amount of
information which may be deemed vital, Late in the Surveillance System,
wider bandwidth communication facilities (microwave relay and/or scatter

links) will be used, capable of handling the complete reconnaissance information
received from the vehicle.

(c) Alternate routing will be employed for all interstation
Communication links to minimize vulnerability to accidental or enemy destruc-

DD Form 613 (cont.) 12 OF 3} LUD- 57- O1/4¢3


— - : PY MEvORTs Comtaot Emmoe
8 &D MANPOWER Amex — -
ae
Cissren irromer Crasx Chonan a en
; ; 2 April 1957
LASTEST rs |e saomwe
Geophysical Eee pement Data for ARS, WE 117, , ree Lies
.[_ Short Title; 423 ‘Envirconent. . enanee es
a = = “Scrua, PROJECTED ORECT 7 ”
com. OnGAMiZATION TrTLE ‘One. | maeatas xy FY 1: wen Fv de] v0 comme] .
cove: | bast ore Fo a Ce a
ORD | Geophysics Research Directora —
Arcee. : R

29.0 32.0 26.0
TOTAL

. . 4.5 5.0 | 26.5
Total Manpover Dollars

5.0 | 29.0_|
7,938. | 36,400
Menpower Justification st

}.32.0.] 26.0.
178,360] 36,400

211,120] 232,960

189,280] °*

ARDC 155%, 109 peswiove aDrrion oF Tha rom ane onageera

$F - ON YO



R & D MATERIEL AMEX CONTINUATION
8. SUPPLY & EQUIPMENT . a
Estimated ae Ranlropents Jui remen:
Mowencleture Including S/W Unit Cost [irs Qty 1s Cost) Met Qty|Net Cost TFY 56 FY 57 Fr 5i Fr 59
‘Timing & Synchronization 140,000 5 700,000 5 700,000) 140,000 |280,000 [280,000
Equip. Including Crystal Con-
trolled Frequa icy Standard
Count-Down Frequency Divider
& Synchronometer. GR 1100 AP . .
280 ,000 280,000; 70,000 |140,000 70,000
MseU Set itlcton . , .
Equip.
Sigse 19F .
KVA Power Units Type 5,000 8 40,000 8 40,000 10,000/ 20,000 10,000
SF 30G & Trailer
Glass 50H
Truck Units for MPS-19 20,000 4 80,000 4 80,000) 20,000] 40,000 20,000
Radar, Type M-45, 2% Ton
6 x 6 Cargo Vehicle
Boresight Tower for MPS-19 5,000 4 20,000 4 20,000} 5,000] 10,000 5,000)
(Class Unknown)
60 foot automatic ‘positioning
telemeter (Clase Unknown) 300,000 1 300,000 1 300,000) 300,000
[TOTALS : ft ,665 ,000} 5,920,000 sts

PAGE 2¥

oF 3/
WY- SP- O43


SSaEDA EEA aanncaes

Data Processing Subsystem for MPENZE eae.)

88 specified by this design. The subsystem design phase will
effort, and using simulated da
Fequirements and Srowth of the

be a continuous
versions of the ARS, future

(7) The Equipment Application and Technique Experimentation
Task, and the Equipment Development Task will be accomplished as outlined in
the project plan. There are no specific items noted at this time since it is
intended to base hardware developments on @ firm knowledge of the potential
input to the Photo interpretation 8roup (and hence utility) and on a well
designed System basis,

(8) Data Processing Subsystem Integration and Test. This
work will be done in two phases;

(a) research investigation leading to the Preparation of
detail design specifications for fabrication Purposes for the installation
and equipping of the ARSIC for Purposes of research and development test of
the subsystem under simulated and Operational use;

(b) 2
to efficiently handie the Pioneer-type visual Yeconnaissance data ig desired
by 1 March 1960.

During the intervening 6 months period, between that date and the lst high
latitude scheduled launch, CPX-type operations using producte of the simula-
tion program for input data will be accomplished to check out and modify

the individual component and overall System procedures and performance. Thig
installation will consist of equipment conforming to the best commercial
engineering Practices and where practicable equipment conforming to applicable
JAN specifications,

(a) This work will include but not be limited to:

4d. Procurement specifications data for all equipment
items necessary for operation of the ARSIC (excluding items in the ar inventory).

2- Equipment quantity and organizational location lists
for implementation of the ARS data handling subsystem,

pe ay Kipe! HO 87. apryy



eos
fer >
EES
a ‘REPORTS CONTROL S1mBOL
R&D SCHEDULE i
Cisvsrem Qjproucr Cjrasx Corner . 2 dort 1987
JV CUNCLASSIFIED Title) a. PERSONNEL OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR THE)” mira, Ci e mursen
ADVANCED RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (8Y8TEM 117L) b. (SYSTEM 1271 Poss) e728
SCHEDULE
- PRosecT On = 87 088 wl m [Fo cours,
zie sant fa] To fo [ufols Tella fuds To Tole Tofatots [o[aT cla ole Te +{2]o Tels ele [ele JeJolels]a]o]a
meee caterers Desig Tena 1
penn Ons Of Design
00 2)

ber fers
ning Programs & Proc 187153 fh di 2
raining Equipment Char
Pr.

z

| Tcoatrack Awarded -
| 2-Technical Docunantary
}—-Revort Received.

ARDC 550% 103 nevious eorrions oF rwis Fonu ARE obscLaTe



mew

(UNCLASSIFIED TITEL) Ground-Space Communication Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957

21£. Future Plans

Plans relative to development growth and required resources are
Specified in the applicable annexes, It should be noted that the extent of the
envisaged development Program is of considerable magnitude. and difficulty.

Therefore, periodic amendments relative to plans and resources are to be
expected.

8. References H
1. System Requirement No. 5, dated 29 November 1954.
2. Taek Plan for Task 15002, dated 25 April 1955,
3. System Requirement No. 5, dated 17 October 1955,
4. Letter from Commander, WDD to Commander, RADC, dated
23 December 1955, Subject: (U) Support of Advanced
Reconnaissance System. .

5. Rand Corporation Report R-262, "(Unclassified Title) Project FEED
BACK Summary Report, Volume I", (Secret Report), dated 1 March 1954,

6. WDD WS 117L Development Plan, dated 2 April 1956,

21h, Goordination and Signature Block:

WILLIAM 0, TROETSCHEL ERIC C. E. ODER

Captain, USAF Colonel, USAF
Project Engineer Assistant for WS 117L

wd-57- O1/43


SERB EN a

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment D. for ARS W8117L 2 April 1957

Short Title: ARs Environment Proj 1764

F .
may be added as the development of the Satellite proceeds from the ‘preliminary
phases of design, construction, and test to the more sophisticated, complex
designs. For example, Possibly a fission reactor may serve as source of
Power for attitude control and for electronic equipment. The introduction of
such a heat source will complicate the engineering considerations because the
efficiency of the Temoval of the excess heat wilt depend on the thermal en-
vironment of the heat exchangers. .

(2) Acttvities = Model Study

A possible activity which, as noted above, has not Passed
beyond the discussion stage, is that of the Model Study for obtaining iPProxi-
mate values of the equilibrium temperatures under working conditions a
tellite might be studied. By appropriate choice of the model,
incorporate such devices as quartz windows inserted into the
ably supplemented by isolated heat - detecting Teceivers, it is
Probably that significant information ‘could be obtained. Such a model could be
tested in a “Stratospheric Chamber" equipped with @ppropriate radiant heat

Or, the model Satellite could be carried by balloon. to high altitudes
2000 feet where Pressures Spproximating 8 mm + would
minimize convective cooling,

In such studies numerous experimental details would
arefully watched. For the receivers Consideration would have to
given to th absorption of tadiation by the receiving surfaces ("blackness"
ipectral regions to the “color temperature" of the radiant flux) ,.
onditions for the conductive Yemoval of heat, and to the necessary
against convective cooling, since in the satellite at orbital
here would be no Convective cooling.

Meteoric matter, shortwave radiation. with more than the ex-
pected intensity of gamma radiation,

Such a model might lend itself to experimental work in
the design of a satellite to be Powered by a fission device,

(3) Abtivities -. Design and development of the temperature
and radiati.

would be parts of a common sy;
temperature coefficients >
for absolute temperature determination

DD Form 613 (cont.)

—PANEIAENTIAS sre.s7~ ore


PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THIS FORM ARE oBsoL|

zt
- . REPORTS CONTROL FMBOL
R&D CONTRACT FUNDS ANNEX !
ease oF pases
Cisvsrem = [) prosect Corasek Coorme . a. Dare
. . 2 April 1957
ace carne ES meee
(SECRET TITLE) TAPRARED RECORMAISSANCE FOR ARS, WS-117L
{UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) SUBSYSTEM G, WS-117L ones 761
re “= on [TMe" | Boernacy | Peney ves [ey 57 Toy 38 [@ ry 59 fe oy ep Fre cours
vamwn | Cs eee os oo ey ferwan| ove forwen| ee fornan| co fornan’ oe Jornee
SUBSYSTEM G, WS-117 | 1761 | x  |04¢647)-| 2-117 a9 1 3 J va
97
P-100 Fubds: 2
B-200 Fubde: sou 500m] =| 550m Boom 200
Tofals:
P-600 aout oot 000% bi ,
P=100 066e
P-200 hom 00m 50m! | s00% 000"
ora. ‘x91 ason{ 350x C)
“ARDC, Jats 110

PACE /3 OF 1¥
-SP- a/352


* ~ REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
bale race or 1__pascas
Osysrew ©) prosecr C)task Corner = ware 7
: : 2 April 1957
Peas rise THE 7 = ramen
JPVANCED RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (SISTEN LITE} ST (stsrm 1171 ross) “TG 8728
~ ‘one fe a Cio |
cong ORGANIZATION TITLE One Fv te Tro coup.
| _cnoe ——- : ono Romo.
PIQ Office for QrRr R 3 9 | 2.2 22 oh 345
Pr Operator Laboratory R 32 3 2 4 1.6
PIR Maintenance Laboratory i 15 115 | 38 3.8 48
PIS fottice for Social Science & 5
Programe
Total Manpover 3 2.6 1 4.0 | 42 5.2 9.9
Total Eetinated Manpyr Dollars! in aM] 3am | 3a | age Sam
ARDC ,52"5, 9p ‘PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF Tus Pou ARE OBSOLETE



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical ben tr *:' or ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title; ARS Environment . Proj 1764

Ti
simulateneously with this ¢:
Phase, the instruments will be flown in Aerobee-Hi rockets to measure the
radiation intensity above the earth's atmosphere. The number of flights
necessary will be at least six, Possibly increasing to eight or nine depending
on results, .

2. (a) T-39792 Interplanetary Matter and Meteor Physics in
Relation to ARs

(b) This task will be accomplished through « combination of "in.
house" and contractual effort, Currently the following contracts are in

effect:
(1) - aF 19(604)-1894 ~ Temple University
(2) - AF 19(604)-1908 - Oklahoma A and M
(3) - aF 19(604)-1901 - Smithsonian Observatory
(4) - aF 19(604)-1892 - Stanford Research Inst.

No other Contracts are contemplated at the moment.

(c) The objective of this task is to determine the Possible hazard
from meteoric bombardments to @ vehicle above the earth's atmosphere and

to provide data 48 to the spatial distribution, size, composition, and velocity
of micrometeoric matter, .

or affect its Operation is very important in the design of a Protective "meteor
bumper" to ingure Proper operation of the vehicle. These meteoric collisions
may result in dangerous Surface erosions affecting heat exchange Properties
and optical windows. Stability, temperature control, reliability may all be
influenced by meteoric bombardment.

Information regarding the influx: of meteoric material into the earth's
atuosphere has been collected by the folloving methods: visual observations,
Photography, radio reflections from meteor trails, and telescopic obserya-
tions. Prog such studies and measurements, the diurnal and sonal variations
in the influx of sporadic meteors, velocities and radiants of shower meteors,
ma ‘bution of meteors, and

d. These measurements give
rial into the, earth's

DD Form 613 (cont) ea Hb -F7—olpyo



it, ; Red £ . - c REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
Csystem 2) Prosect Cotasx, Corner . . tert 1987
|" "Ciicusr rrr) rwrna-axp RECONNAISSANCE SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, ws 117, |" "TAL EF je Meer

CONCLASSIFIRD TITLE) SUBSYSTEM G, WS 1172 . cnnen 1761

SCHEDULE : CALENDAR YEARS
Tire PROJECT On 19357 19 58 939 1260s BIT is6Z
TAB MR Ue nee sO OOD OSA COMMA

| Suhayatem G_ 2761
Background Rffects | 39832
| —Zsiaet. Characteristics | 39833

39834

29835 an

—B-= Completion of |seud;

ARDC 55% 103 Previous eorrions oF rus roms ~~" iia

ba



MEBMMEREN F565

=
RED COS? ESTDUTE RECUPTTOLUTION ~ = i
svsven Cz}Prouecr 1, orman bare
5 a ome oO -2 April 1957
Tow oa TL = ee Troe
byat cet Ba ¢ Data for ARS, WS 1171 Sued 1764
im * Yuans e- Owe YEARS] [e- Swe veans§_ [o- SEAR 59 [% 70 comnts
TM oe ornan oe tan see stven CJ etna see etna
‘
halla 160m ox 42m comet 9sou | réroe | som | came o
Cowrmact |». avaance 1606 on 42m
< new nee x 9 -lélom {5 42M oO!
: 1000 500 20M
« Tota
eaTene. ® avaiags —
©. saw ae :
— 4
Pactres :
= y :
manrowsn . " . ” é
. : 7m 36.48 178.4a 36 .4ae 422,
a -
N/A :
a
‘Vest rrem. WH
=
‘TEST purpony anenary N/
oo
ounroral 160m ou 42m 1000H 9500 lam | s20m 42m | Oo
7
rovat 173, ssf a 847. pt

aRoc 5S, 116 oer ae wt

eh DEM =e ollie



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment... Data for ARS, WS .117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment 7, Proj 1764

21 b. roac!

See individual Tasks. (21c)
2c. Tasks

N. .
1. (a) 7-39791 - soler Radiation Program in Ultraviolet and X-ray
Region for ARS

{b) This task will be accomplished through a combination of "in-house"
and contractual effort, Currently the contractual effort is by Comstock and
Weatcott, Inc., under Contract AF 19(604)-1889. Other contractors contemplated
at the moment are: University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. and Radio Corporation
of America, New York, N. Y.

(c) Task objective is to determine the intensity of Solar U.V. and
Soft X-fay radiation as it would strike the satellite and the extent of damage

due to collisions of moleciiies, : atoms and ions with the satellite surface,

Requirement and/or Justification

Vehicle design will be affected by radiation in the solar ultraviolet
and X-ray region. It has been shown by GRD that the quantum yield of photo-
electric effect on metals exposed to short wavelength ultraviolet is about 250

unfiltered solar radiation of low wavelength, one must consider .a possible
"chargingtup" of the metal due to the loss of photoelectrons from the surface,
This charge can theoretically rise to a high voltage, depending on the wave-
length and intensity distribution of. the incident radiation. Such a charging-up
could influence the telemetering or other electronic functions of the equip-
ment in the vehicle. Also, it is known that short wavelength ultraviolet causes
deterioration of Plastic surface. This could fog plexigia
ber-like materials. Present data are inadequate to evaluate this effect simply
because we do not know within several factors of ten the solar intensity above
the atmosphere at wavelengths below 1500 Angstrom Units and we believe that
design purposes can therefore not be satisfied.

The effect of atmospheric composition at 500 km is difficult to assess.
There might be heating of the vehicle to contend with, due to recombination of
atoms on the surface as well as impacts with other atoms and molecules.
Such a heating effect would be superimposed on that due to solar radiation
and would act even at night when the vehicle is shielded from the sun by the
earth. Since solar ultraviolet and X-ray radiation is part of the total picture
of the integrated interaction of the sun and the earth's atmosphere and data of
this kind are extremely. scarce the surements of these variables at vehicle
altitude would be unique. These me ucements would give us information as
to the physical mechanisms. operating in the ionosphere and delimit in an
ential fashion thetgonospheric functioning by giving us a better understand-
ing of the nature of atmospheric ionization. Thig would assist in the forecast-
ing of ionospheric Propagation and could tribute toward the solution of the
satellite commnications Pro :

DPD 613 (cont,) YB -$7- 0140


(NCLASsIF rep TITLE) Geophysical Environment Data for ARS ,WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment . Proj 1764
R&D Manpower Annex (Cont. )

3. Manpower to Perform research on Task 39793 wi1z be divided into the
following listed three (3) experimental teams;

a, Falling-Sphere Density Experiment Team

This team will Consist of one task scientist (68-12), one Physicist
(@8~11), and one engineer (GS-9)

b, Pressure Gauge Density Experiment Team

This team will consist of one deputy task scientist (GS-12), one ;
Physicist (68-11), and one engineer (GS-9),

c. Data Reduction Team

4 Responsibility of the 3. experimental teams will be 88 follows:
a. Falling-Sphere Density Team

(3 ’ am
Program of theoretical work on the applied and background research Pertaining
to the Falling-Sphere Density Experiment. He will be concerned wi
uation of the theoretical aspec

(4) The ‘engineer will be responsible for the team laboratory experi-
mental program, the electronic and mechanical design and construction of in-
strumentetion, He will initiate Procurement of instrumentation, He will

4b~97- o¢O



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Envivi@iiSht.. pate for ARS, WS117 L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

temperature within the Communication equipment may cause it to fail before
any information is Keceived. A slightly more favorable but undesirable con-
dition would be a Premature failure of Communcation, (Thus, should the ab-
sorptivity--equal to emissivity--of the ekin of the satellite change while in
orbit; the equilibrium temperature of the satellite might differ drastically
from that calculated on the basis of design specifications. ).

The objective of thie task is, then, the development and testing ,
of devices adequate for the measurement of the three irradiant sources--
direct solar energy, solar energy reflected jointly from earth and e@tmosphére

(I.B., albedo) and earth emissivity (in the infrared)--and the flux from a
Satellite into interstellar space, .

Tt 1a proposed that flux measuring devices should be installed on
the earliest test vehicles so that flux measurements can be obtained so long as
communication with the satellite is continued, Should communications then
cease, and should: the thermal, flux Measurements seriously disagree with the

values in the design calculations, at least one source of possible trouble should
be identified.

During the development and testing of the devices for Measuring
the three sorts of radiation, balloon and rockets equipped with these devices
will be flown. As scientific by-products of the testing Program, some con-
firmation of current estimates of the intensities of the three sources will be

obtained. our Present information on the radiation environment is next
summarized.

a) The solar constant is believed to lie between 1.946 and 2.05
Sram calories centimeter ~2 minute ~!, a deviation of 3% from the mean of
2.0 gm cal cn“? minTM1(1,396 watts meter ~ ).

b) For this discussion, the term albedo applies to the solar
radiation reflected directly from the eart! ‘es surface and scattered and reflec-
ted from the atmosphere with its content of clouds. From Point to point in the
orbit of a satellite with orbital distances as now stated the albedo will be
highly variable, Deviations may be expected of at least plus or minus 20 - 30
per cent from the mean value of the albedo which may be taken as lying between -
36-56 per cent (1.2, approximately 36-56 per cent of the solar constant is
diffusely reflected or scattered back from the earth).

c) The infrared emission of the earth may be estimated by

DD Form 613 (cont.) Neoag HB-S7- ar1ya


1
Provide for the orderly transformation of the raw data collected by the
Teconnaiasance Satellites into meaningful intelligence, The requirement for
Tapid Procesaing of intelligence information ig acute, and the Problems of Speed
are of higher Priority than ever before, Storage and recall components which
encompass large storage Capacity in small Space wust provide intelligence
information in @ very short search time basis for all users,

. (2) The development of the subsystem will be from the simple
Yequirements of handling the 8ross pioneer product to the more complex require-
Menta of handling the larger detailed visual product @s well as products of the
ferret and infrared collection media, The general scheduling of ‘the systems and
their brief description follows; .

. (a) Initial Subs ~ October 1960 - The basic subsystem
Configuration’ must be chogen to achieve the minioum modification to existing
Air Force data handling Systems now in R&D, This subsystem must be of unitized

the satellite. Again, the Processed output must be compatible with the Operating
Intelligence Data Handling System. The volume of ARS collected data will be
@pproximately three (3) times that of the initial system,



GUID ERHHAE

Data Processing Subsystem for ARS, WSL]

(5) Simulation of ARS collected product. In order to. specify
the uses of the ARS data, a simulation program must be carried out. Photo-
Sraphic output at simulated ARS resolution and quantity taken at ARS Tepetition
frequencies must be obtained and analyzed. Ferret and Infrared collection
outputs will also be accurately simulated. Working groups consisting of
Prospective intelligence users and the subsystem designers will collectively
determine the usefulness of the data, and outline the requirements for the
Processing involved. These results will be used in a subystem design phase
which will determine the Procedures ‘and characteristics of the equipment
needed to satisfy the Processing requirement.

. (a) Photographic cover will be produced of the following
types of targets at accurately simulated ARS scale VS resolution, commensurate
with the various planned ARS configurations. This requirement will involve
high altitude flights with short focal length cameras of Known areas, which
have both seasonal and Non~seasonal changes, and slow change versus anticipated
rapid change in construction, movement, etc.

(1) Missile Test Centers
(2) Urban Areas

(3) Airfields

(4) Industrial Areas

(5) AEC Sites

(b) Repetitive Photgraphic cover of the above selected
target areas will be produced at normal small serial reconnaissance scales,
approximately 1/10,000, so that the photo interpretation can be made on a
week-to-week basis, unencumbered by exceedingly small scales.* This effort
will provide basic photo cover upon which P.I. Studies should be made to
determine the full effect such repetitive cover hag on operating procedures,
information extraction techniques and to uncover the data Processing problems
involved in handling this information,

“This photocover should be flown on @ schedule 2-3 timas/week daytime basis
(random time selection) and following .a supply build up of new data should be
expanded to include repetitive night cover of the same areas for comparison.

HO S7- er/ky



(ONCLASSIF TED TITLE) Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957 4 >

d. Approach

(1) Visual Receiving Equipment

(a) The development Program of the Visual Data Receiving
Equipment will be divided into three (3) phases as follows:

4d. A. test Phase during which a basic receiver will
be designed, fabricated and be used in conjunction with an Engineering
Prototype (test) antenna, Pedestal, and feed system to prove feasibility

and assist in the Preparation of firm specifications for the Early Operational
(Pioneer) systen,

2. The design, development and fabrication of the
Pioneer Visual Data Receiving Equipment. The Comparative merits of employing
elevation azimuth, elevation-traverse or 3~axis antenna pedestal mounts will
be determined. A determination will be made of the feasibility of using a
receiver which will Provide means ‘for sensing a prescribed modulation (such as am-

3. The design, development and fabrication of the
Advanced and Surveillance Visual Data Receiving Equipment.

(b) The receiving equipment will operate in the C-band or
S-band and will be frequency Modulated. As a Preliminary step, the receiving
equipment will be designed for handling 6 megacycles video bandwidth signals.
Utlimately, the video bandwidth may approach 20 megacycles, depending upon
the ultimate vehicle transmitted visual data Yequirements. A circulerly-
Polarized parabolic antenna having a gain of at least 50 db (for linearly-
polarized signals) will be initially used to determine its suitability, © -
Initial use will be made of low noise, travelling-wave tubeinput. Other types
may be used if deemed more desirable.

(c) For the recording, storage and Playback of the Advanced
visual reconnaissance data, suitable magnetic tape recorders, with increased
bandwidth capabilities, will be developed, fabricated and tested. Recorders
employing several rotating heads will be investigated.

(2) Ferret Data Receiving Equi; me:
—ae eee Aecetving Equipment:

The development of the ferret data receiving aries 9
will be divided into three phases, as follows, to Provide Progressively
Seater frequency coverage as more powerful vehicular power supply systems
become available: Pioneer Ferret, Advanced Ferret and Ferret Surveillanee,
Data receivers, parabolic antennas, R-F feed Systems, and 3-axis Pedestals
will be developed, fabricated and tested for the three types of ferret
receiving equipments.

WD)D-sp- Oy 3

DD Form 613 (cont.)


” ie “
UNCLASSIFIED TITLE: Data Processing Subsystem for ARS WS-117L 2 April 1957

Proj 1763

Broadview Research and Development
1127 Chula Vista Avenue
Burlingame, California

Task Engineer;
Mr. Frank Kelly, RCWIO
Intelligence Laboratory
RADC, Rome, New York

Task Technical Advisors:

Major W. B, Callanan, RCWIR
1/Lt. L. R, Buckland, RCWOO
1/Lt. R, EB, Moss, RCWIO
Mr. ALL. Downing, RCWIP

Intelligence Laboratory
» Rome, New York

Objective:

"sightings" to be made by the reconnaissance Sensing equipments, by spelling
out the information Tequirements of the users and translating these into
meaningful quantitative terms and specifications. Effort will also be
devoted to those @ relating the human behavioral characteristics to the
intelligence Processing and analysis functions. This study will include the
exploration of possible applications of machine techniques for the automation
of the "non- judgment" work areas within these functions, .

(7) Task No. 39861 - Personnel, Traini and Human Engineer; Support

Contractor; Initially an In-House Effort. Eventaul contractor
not yet determined,

Task Engineer; Dr. P, Bersh, RCSH, Human Factors Laboratory,
» Rome, New York

The objective of this task is to Provide all necessary human engineering
support for the Data Processing Subsystem. This task will develop criteria
and specifications for training techniques, equipment, and simulators, It
will also include the production of Qualitative Personnel Requirements Information
{QPRI) covering all analysis, interpretation, operator and maintenance jobs
required for the operational employment of this subsystem. The Data Processing
Subsystem is extremely complex and, hence, the design of equipment and the

(a) increased ope ince efficiency,

>
DD Form 613 (cont.) 7K ageel — 248-67 or yy


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Data Processing Subsystem for ARS WS-117L 2 April 1957
Proj 1763

16. Project 4597 and all associated task and Project reports
Task

45331 - Communication Intercept System Design

17. Project 4594 and all associated task and Project reports

Tasks .
45940 - Intelligence Classification and Indexing Techniques
45941 - Intelligence Coding Techniques

45820 - Intelligence Data Presentation Techniques
45822 - Intelligence Data Retention and Retrieval Techniques

18. Project 4599 and all associated task and project reports
Task
45861 - Photo Interpretation Mechani zation.

19. Project 5500 and all associated task and Project reports
Tasks ,
45910 ~ Radar Target Data Processor

45902 - Infrared Target Characteristics and Utilization
45903 - Infrared Data Analysis

20. System 438L, Project 5532 and all associated task and project
reports,

Zaske_

43925 - Major Elint Processing Central
45926 = RADINT Data Processing

21, System 438L, Project 5533 and all associated task and Project
reports. .

Tasks ;

&
45960 - Rapid Intelligence Data Handling System Design

45961 ~ Military Tel autograph Development

Foon Page! Hb -24- ony

DD Form 613 (cont. )



— URIBE 5? of wr

*: Reproduction of this document in whole or
J) <p part 18 prohibited except with
"sistem of the office of origin.

AMWPLI9 MAY 53 om

TYPE OF RaPORT REPORTS CONTROL SY;
ROB PROJECT CARD New Project : donna ayes not
1, Provecr tims ae 2. secuanry 3. PRovecT usin
Geophysical Environment Data ‘for ARS, WS117L
Short Title: ARS Envirofivent : SECRET 1764
4 INDEX NUMAaR/ 5. REPORT HaTE
2-117L 2 April, 1957
6 BASIC AID On SUBAICT 7. SURPHAD OR SUBJECT SUsGROUP TA, TECH, OB),
Strategic Air Warfare System |Atmospheric Physics - 73 SA-9A, 9B,
117L Physics 10 I0-9
EN .
8. CoONIZANT Agency 12. CONTRACTOR AND/OR LABORATORY CONTRACT/W.0. NO.
ARDC —_ Geophysics Research
% DIRECTING AGENCY A P~—~Dixectorate
GRD, AFCRC | '
[a \ Saa-z1e~—_|
CRZA 2-7730 X-9
10, REQUESTING AGENCY 5 waa.
HQ, USAF .
11. PARTICIPATION, COORDINA’
USAF USN
AMC-P ATIC-1 CNO-1
SAC-I USA
ADC-I C/S-1I FY58 1000
APGC~I Other 15. Palorty 1% 59 1410mM
ATC-I CIA-I dA A(Missiles) FY60
LX 341TM
This is the initial report on this project

20. REQUIREMENT AND/OR JUSTINCATION
System Requirement No. 5 dated 17 October 1955 and subsequent letter
directive from WDD dated 23 December 1955 assigned to AFCRC the responsi-
bility for providing environmental data which affect the design and testing of
‘ARS vehicles. Based on independent studies by the Geophysic Research Direct-
Grate the three design study contractors and conferences with Personnel of the
WSPO, it was concluded that i: eas of geophysical environment insuf-

The four so considered are (a) Meteor Physics
(b) “Dens ty at Orbital Altitudes, (¢) Solar Radiation in the U.V. and X-ray
Region and (4) Thermal Radiation, Specific discussions of requirements for
additional design data in each of these areas are included under each task.

21a. Brief and Military Characteristics

The objective of this project is to provide environmental data consider-

”
ed essential to insure and simplify the design of a successful Advanced

Reconnaissance System.

32.098 INPERVALS; NOT AUPOMATICAI ap x \ c f

pace / oF Paces

DD 2M. 613 HB-$7- 01140



CONCLASSIFIED TITLE’ Ground-§p.

> ubsystem for ARS, WS 117L
- Project 1762 -2 April: 1957

Task Advisor: Mr. J, Fallik, RADC - RCEMBL - X71217
Mr. G. Parker, RADC

c. Objective: The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test acquisition and tracking equipment for the WS 117L
Flight Test and Operational Phases.

Acquisition equipment will insure the acquisition of a vehicle at a
maximum line-of-sight range for a 5° elevation angle from the ground station,
under all situations following periods in’ which the vehicle has net been under
Sround surveillance. One such equipment will be Provided at each Vehicle
Tracking and Intercept Station.

Each Intercept Station will contain ground tracking equipment
whose primary Purposes. will be to obtain vehicle position and velocity data
for orbit computations, and to dynamically orient ground data receiving
antennas at the vehicle in order to receive reconnaissance data,

d. Early test flights will utilize modified pulse radar equipments
for tracking. During later flights, nulling interferometers or radars will

Perform the tracking function, Independent acquisition equipment will be
Provided at all times,

The approach will be to utilize existing techniques and equipments
insofar as possible.

2a. “Task No. 39841 (Unel Title). Vehicle Transponder Beacon Equipment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box’ 504 .
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97

Task Advisor: Mr..A. J. Falkowski - WADC - WCLNO-2 - X21239

c. Objective: ° The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test the vehicle beacon equipment utilized to supply a tracking
signal for the ground acquisition and tracking equipments. “During a good
Portion of the flight tegt Program, a pulse beacon transponder compatible
with the ground pulse. radar will be Provided. In the later test Phases the
tracking signal furnished to the ground nulling interferometers, if used,
will be supplied by either the vehicle telemeter or data transmitter.

d. A beacon having all the required features is not available in
inventory or in the Process of R&D, However, related items are being

developed by Evans Signal Laboratory of the Avay, SRL, and the Air Force
Missile Test Center.

beacon equipment compatible

Program is necessary to develop
rs ts.

© and *enoetehg

DD Ferm 613 (cont.)

eA
with the vehicl

WD-S7- ON Y¥3


The WS-117L unique feature which offers a continuous
while enjoying high relative physical invulnerability

y inaccessible areas must be exploited, It should be initially
& revolutionary extension of aerial reconnaissance, with its collected
iumediately Processed, evaluated and supplemented by Pertinent
collected data from all appropriated sources,

(4) In order to ng Subsystem to support
@ collection system as unique eventual uses of the
data must be known. Each Separate use of the ARS data must be Studied in
order to discover all of the processi; id from the receipt of
the input ARS information to the Produc: shed output which satisfies
that use. Once the uses of ARS data ar & subsystem design frame-
work can be worked out. Simultaneously r effort can be started to

y
attack technical problems that threaten the successful development of required
» @quipment: develop-
ments can be started aided by the results of the foregoing research, Individual
equipment teeting will precede the installation and final integration to test

The Data Processing Sub-System design has bean divided into a
series of tasks. The division is based on time phasing rather than function,
and as it ig Planned, the overall systems development will Progress from the
first to the last. The Seneral tasks areas are as follows:

(a) Intelligence Parameters and Data Handling Criteria Studies

(b) Simulation of ARS Data Input

(c) Subsystem Design.

(d) Equipment Application and Technique Exploration

(e) Equipment Development.

(£) Data Processing System Integration and Test

(8) Personne Training and Human Engineering Support.

i

the 4 F “7 You Hb So-aty



INFRARED RECONNAISSANCE SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, W5-1171

Project: # 1762 «2 April 1957
(8) Contract ar 04(647}-97

Coerdination and Signature Bieck

“poor Eastin

GEORGE E, AUSTI ; >
Major; USAF’ Colonel, USAF
Project Engineer Assistant for WS-1171L

WW

2U'h.

PACE 6 oF /y

WD © Ais nd


Weclabarh

(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a. PERSONNEL OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FoR THE ADVANCED
RECONNAISSANCE SYSTEM (SYSTRY 1I7L)  b. (SYsTE 117L Poss)

(3) Task 87152-TRAINING PROGRAMS AND PROCEDURES ,

(a) Contractor: None,

(b) Objective: To make recommendations for the training Progran
and training procedures to be used to obtain skills required by operator
and maintemance Personhel of the .systen,

(c) Approach: Recommendations for specific training Procedures
will be made tn consonance investigative findings from prior tasks. .
e

reas in which the training of skills may prove
Particularly significant ang difficult.

(4) Task 87153-TRAINING EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS,

(a) Contractor: Preparation of @ report on the training
characteristies~of--required trainers will be an in-service fort,
Previous contractual efforts will be used, tf-applicable.

(b) Objective: To identity the Special training devices required
for the ning Program and define the characteristics of the
individual trainers,

attention will be given to the possible use and/or adapting of Special
training devices, developed for the ballistic aissile training Program, which
Possess. characteristics identified by this task effort, e@.g., Radar

Tracking and Guidance Computer Trainer,

Page d of 7 Pages


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space

ni tte | ion Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957

5 .
Other historical events of importance are listed as follows:

a. Creation of Headquarters aRpc Directorate of Systems Management
at Wright-Patterson AFB the latter half of 1954. The Advanced Reconnaissance

System along with other systems, became the responsibility of this new
directorate,

b. Creation of an ARS Technical Advisory Group.

c. Issuance of New System Requirement No. 5, dated 17 October 1955
directing the submission, upon request, to Headquarters ARDC (Western Develop-
ment Division) of information necessary for. the Preparation of a System
Development Plan by the Participating centers, The target date for submission
of this plan to Headquarters USAF was April 1956.

a. Official transfer of Advanced Reconnaissance Systen responsibility
to the Western Development Division of Headquarters ARDC in December 1955,

e. Submission by the design study Contractors (RCA, Lockheed and
Martin) of System Development Plans on 1 March 1956, :

£. Bvaluation of contractor technical competence by participating
centers,

8. Preparation of an abbreviated System Development Plan by the
Participating centers for submission to higher headquarters.

h. Official approval of WS 117L System Development Plan dated
2 April 1956. .

i. Selection of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation as the Weapon system
Contractor in May, 1956. ' .

Jj. Preparation Of ceontestowal work statement and revised System
Development Plan documentation in January 1957,

DD Form 613 (cont. ) Pagé 17 of 31 WD-57-01143

Title,
tew,


a

Givi
(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a, PERSONNEL OPERAT! ONS 7A UERYSTRW ECR PBL AiCaab. ”
RECONNAISSANCE SYS 1éMz(SYS Ex, UAL); b. (SYSTEM 117L Poss) 7

Zla. Brief of Project and Objective:

The development of this project will utilize the technical and operational
Capabilities of the Air Force Personnel and Training Research Center in the
Production of systematic information relevant to the ‘Personnel and training
requirements of the total weapon system 117L development Plan, ©

conceived equipment design. Information will be prepared by the contractor

with consultative. and technical monitoring effort on the part of the AFPTRC
Project officer. Contract work in support of task efforts and in-service efforts
are indicated below,

2lc. Tasks of the Project}

(1) Task 87151-ruPLIcaTIONs OF DESIGN,

(a) Contractor: Work under this task will be accomplished
primarily by the prime contractor, with consultative and technical guidance
furnished by Project Officer, this Headquarters.

(b) Objective: to Provide the Preliminary dat needed to prepare
an early report; or reports, which will forecast the general personnel
subsystem requirements and the Personnel and training probleas that
adoption of the system may generate.

(c) Approach: Since this weapon system does not readily lend
itself to the concept of control by a major air Command or primary interest
by a single @gency of the Air Force, consideration will be given to the
thorough exploration of the personnel implications under various operating—
controlling conditions. Basically, the report (s) ‘will attempt to define
Problems which will be generated by both Operational plans and equipment
design In so doing, consideration will be given to the relationship of
W8-117L to WS-107A-1 and Possibly W8-107A-2 and the findin,



Rap : : . REPORTS CONTROL SYMBOL
Osvstew Ge)Prosecr Citasx Cooter 2 ApriL 1957
roe SIPIED 31 7 RS ntrraL \.hoMeeR
DATA PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS-117L (cont'd) cuawen 1763
scnenuce CALENDAR YEARE
rrue PROJECT On 8 37 EL 19 60] 156
re TASK HA Apfel tutols fehl afl Te Jaleo Topalo! At{ota tel: jafa Tels Jala ]als
Tasks (cont'd) ~ .

Sagineering For Data Frocesdng—
system Iepleasntation
installation and Teat 7860

K Initial System T
& Interim System 3]
3
3

Surveillance System

Personnel Training and
Humen ineering Si 39861

Ort.
‘ Initial System ry iQ
z Interim System A Q,
Surveillance System A,
\
ie Contract will be jarded ik Nos. 3: 1.139857) GED 10 3 le J

rae

ARDC 1 Fit'% 103 enevious eoitions ov Tais rona aac ouso.e:


(ONCLASSIF TED TITLE). Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957

10a. Task No. 39849 - Ground Telemeter Receiving Equipment

b. Contractor; Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)97
Task Advisor: Mr, Sidney Rosenberg - RADC - RCUO - X3117

Cc. Objective: The Purpose of the Ground Telemeter Receiving
Equipment is to Provide all necessary facilities for the reliable reception,
Processing, recording and storage of vehicle inatrumentation and environmental
data transmitted by the vehicle during readout within radio range of the
8round station, The receiving equipment will be capable of extracting the
xadnge information and applying it to the vanging circuitry of the tracker
equipment when the ranging data is transmitted from the vehicle telemeter

tranamitter,
d. Proposed Approach:

(I) In the Engineering Prototype, Ron-orbiting test program
available AFMTC telemeter receiving equipment (modified as Fequired) will be
used to the maximum extent at each of the contemplated AFMTC down-range Vehicle
Tracking, Control and Telemetry stations, During the low latitude, orbital
test program, standard VHF telemeter receiving station components (modified

(2) Concurrent with the above work, @ program will be under-
taken to Progressively develop early test and advanced equipment Operating

veceiver bandwidth for high-latitude operational orbits, Data telemetering

during these orbits will be primarily concerned with monitoring the status of
the equipment in the vehicle,

lla. Task No. 39850 (Uncl Title) Vehicle Telemeter Transmitting
Equipment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504

fale, California

DD Form 613 (cont.) ‘lo OF 3/

WD_s7- 01143


R & D COST ESTIMATE RECAPITULATION Fane 7 saees
Cisvsrem (jprosecr Cjtam () orver abate =
. 2 April 1957
7 team

‘unccaswrae vitee -
Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L

A; PREVIOUS YEARS jo erecan vena 37 [¢. seca, vEan P-_ewcan year 59 1S. vo comuste 6s
va cc ethan a ovusn Cc i} ornan ee STHER
bn * . :
bailed 53m 1a7m_1_sssu | soom | 2ovm | soom | seas | 2600a1 | 35.100
‘ConTmact | 3. avanasie 535M 1474
cee nee 555M_| 5000m 2090m soom | 5285 260004 | 35,100m
16654 S5910M 4465
1665 59 10m : 4665
11.5 75.0M° 116.54 120.14 720.
ry
=
‘Vesy rama 4
=
‘TERY pUPPORT-senCRAY wh
= :
pearoras 53m 14724 2220 | soocm | socom 500m | 9750m f26000@m | 35, 100m
i ,
revas 4g. 14.54 vasrol 6180.74

ARDC Soc 116 PREVIOUS EOrTIONS OF Tis FoRM ARE

PAGE 27 OF 3
W0-S7- ON¥3



CRE LLY |

(c) Laboratory Methods will be developed to degrade
conventional aerial Photgraphs go that they are respresentative of the
ARS scales, Fesolution and Contrast. These Photographs should be the
best representation of ARS photography that can be obtained without making

(4) Close work with members of the intelligence
community and other agencies noted below will be required to determine the

(2) D/T-Hq USAF

(3) Weapon System Offices (Weapon Guidance Input)
(4) 438L

(5) Hq sac

(6) Hq Tac

Estimates will be made of the quality of ground Teceived data required to
Satisfy requirements of the users (with the aid of further simlation) to
Provide meaningful goals and objectives to the collection subsystem
developments as well as Providing criteria Concerning volume, flow pattern,
analysig techniques, dissemination nets, etc., for the data handling
subsystem designs. Simlation of the data input produces by the ferret.
and infrared configurations of the ARS must also be made. For any

given ferret Sensor and ground environment, the quantity and form of the
data will be calculated and simulated. In Conjunction with appropriate
intelligence organizations this simulated ferret data will be examined to
determine its possible utility. Electronic intelligence and Communications
intelligence data, quality and volume estimates needed to satisfy user require-
ments will be made to Provide guidance to Sensor developments and criteria
for design of the improved Data Processing Subsystem.

(6) Subsystem Design. The Data Processing Subsystem will be
designed to Provide for the efficient handling of the data collected by the
various configurations of the ARS vehicles, The data obtained from the
simulation Program will be a basic input to this subsystem design and will
Provide the means of realistically determining user needs, Equipment
developments will be undertaken for all of the Components of the subsystem

7B-59.6 4g



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Spac: fon Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L

Project 1762 - 2 April 1957

(d) Frequency, space and/or time diversity combiners will
be used to minimize losses due to fading.

(e) If environmental conditions permit, equipment: speci -
fications will be in accord with JAN specifications.

(£) The following work Program will be followed in the
engineering approach to the communication requirements:

Initially, the AFMTC downrange communications
to the maximum extent to tie-in the three ground
Leased land-lines will also be used linking the test sites (in-

2. Leased land-lines and narrow band radio nets will
then be installed linking the operational stations.

3. Interim and Advanced wide-band communication links
will be developed, procured or rented. The specifications for these links
will be based upon operational experience and requirements to be established.

(2) Intrastation Communication Facilities:

(a) A study will be made of the man-machine telationships
involving human factor analysis of the required traffic flow of information
within each Intercept Station,

(b) Intra-communication facilities will include, but not
be limited to, the following: ' automatic dial equipment, sound-powered
Phones, public address and pagin equipment, analog and digital data transmission
and display equipment, remote monitoring and display devices, intercom facil-
ities, maintenance Phones, and emergency alerting and warning facilities,

13a. Task No. 39852 (Uncl Title) Ground Support Equipment

b. Contractor; Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97

c. Objective: The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test the ground support equipment necessary to maintain, test and

DD Form 613 (cont.) PAGE 13 o£ 3/ WV-5 7-0/1 43



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical’ Bnvisiwnen Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

flights. This step may include wind tunnel testa or rocket flight tests of specif-
ic portions of the total instrumentation for the method, as well as the final
Packaging of at least two sets of the equipment for the rocket flights of each

(3) Initial rocket flights of the equipment for one or both methods

. This step includes the field operation involved in Preparing
the equipment for actual rocket flight together with the necessary operation of
the rocket flights for each method. The preparation for two flights is insur-
ance against rocket or other failure during the first flight.

(4) Evaluation of flight performance and necessary redesign
t

of equipmen

This step involves the detailed study of the telemeter record
of the flight to determine the performance of the verious parts of the measur-
ing equipment, as well as the transcription of recorded data to usable form for
computation of the required atmospheric Parameters. Deficiencies in the per-
formance of the equipment detected by the record are then to be removed by
suitable redesign. Because of the urgency of the Program, major portions of
the equipment should already have been constructed at this point for the series
of data-gathering flights and tt will be necessary to take the chance of having
to modify some of the components at this stage of the task.

(5) Major series of data gathert, rocket flights

mile altitude rockets presently being designed for AFCRC or in non-orbiting
ARS Weapons System test vehicles or both. Contact will be made with the

ARS Weapon System office to obtain Space in these teat vehicles, If the first
three flights indicate sufficient self-consistency the balance of the data
gathering flights can be cancelled,

The special 300 mile altitude rocket is a multi-stage system
made up of existing rocket components, i.e., Cajun rockets and Nike boosteis.
An engineering study presently contracted for will result in engineering draw-
ings for the necessary fins and coupling devices and nose cone necessary to
combine the propulsion system into an atmospheric data gathering rocket system
capable of carrying 40 lbs. of instrumentation to 200 - 300 miles. Upon
completion of this engineering study, engineering drawings will be available
from which the necessary parts and Propulsion units may be built and purchased
at an estimated cost of $20,000 per rocket system, *

(6) Analysis of data and preparation of Tevised atmospheric
model

This step of the task involves the veading of telemeter
records, the computation of the values of the’ atmospheric Parameters, and

CONFIDENTIAL 3097-27740

DD Form 613 (cont. )


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Data Processiig’ aibsyetem for ARS WS-1171 2 April 1957
. "Proj 1763
(1) A definition and/or simulation of the raw data (end Product)
sof the collection subsystems,

(2) An analysis of the us 8 of these defined end Products; t.e., who
wants what information, for what use, how often, and in what form,

of the collec: subsystems are defined, a design for efficiently Processing
the information cai nsibly conceived, Simultaneously, Yesearch effort
must be initiated to attack technical Problems that threaten the deve lopment
of ‘vitally needed equipments, Large scale equipment development. efforts
will normally follow the completion and be guided by the system design frame-
work and the results of the Equipment Application and Techniques Exploration
Task. Following the equipment development and testing, the Components will
be Combined, installed, and tested as a system to point out the final modifi-
cations and debugging required before it is operationally ready,

facilities, The concept of the initial date handling center is one -of rétative
simplicity. Limited amounts of mechanization and automation will be adequate
to handle efficiently the early data yields of the ARS. This will Provide

the capacity for the orderly evaluation and development of more complex
Components to meet more stringent requirements as the System grows.

c. asks

The ereas which will require development effort have been divided
into general functional areas as listed below. Ae work progresses these

(1) ‘Task No. 39856 - Simlation of ARS Data Input

Contractor: Not Yet Determined

Technical Advisor: Mr, F, Kelly, ROWIO, Intelligence Laboratory
RADC, Rome, Wew York

The objective of this task is to realistically simulate ‘all types
of predicted end Products of the Successive collection versions of this
System. These similated end Products should include the Tange of resolution,
cover repetition and quantity values anticipated or possible. This data is

DD Form 613 (cont.)



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environments. Date for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment . . Proj 1764

(1) Determination of the influx of meteoric material by
Tocket experiments

planetary matter involves first the design and development of a basic
piezoelectric accelerometer capable of measuring the spatial distribution

magnitude 25, Approximately ten to twenty detection units will be built on a
semi-mass production basis, Approximately five to ten successful experi-

Mental firings from Holloman Air Force Base using Asrobee rockets are

Fequired prior to establishing a weighted statistical figure for the intensity
and probability of a particle impact with a vehicle. About five successful
firings at a high latitude would be required to establish the extent of a latitude
dependence particularly by small meteoric particles, .

(2) Design and development of equipment for detection of
meteoric material for inclusion in the ARS.

of a similar nature to be included in the early oribiting and non-orbiting
ARS test vehicles, It 19 important that the apparatus be designed with a high
degree of reliability, yet be lightweight, and have a low power requirement.

(3) Theoretical and laboratory studies and high speed
impact_phenomena

Essential to the Measurement of interplanetary matter is a
knowledge of the relation of the intensity and frequency distribution of the ac-
coustical energy Generated by high speed meteoric impacts to the the

mass density, and the velocity of colli There-
by, the surface erosion and the distrib © material in
Space may be determined from the ARS me te experi-
ments on rockets that may be recovered ome information, but high
speed impact ements in the labor, study of collisions of
solide with gases and surfaces are re. abt “In addi-
tion, optical and radio measuremants atmospheric inter-

actions will also assist in

DD Form 613 (cont.) WO-~F7 - or 74h0


‘

r o Ravsce 5 f REPORTS CONTROL STMBOL
om
Cisvsren Giprosect Cyrasx Clother 2"Apeti 1957

PR ccassirraD ey Rrra Ea ar
DATA PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM FOR 4RS, WS 117L, cuanee 1763
SCHEDULE CALENGAR YEARS i963
ritue PROJECT On 13 57 9 5 1% 5 196) 19 62 [To comp.
TARK Whe epaepedetel ete ful shel Ts TTs Tolatol a[ofalaetele ety st Tela Tel Ts Tal e[elapa Ts
PalT63 Bt PIE

Tasks
[Intelligence Parametaza & | agase—
| Date Processing Criteris sslaene

}-Similation af ABS Data y, Po 30856 F

= : gence Data Peseansich — — E ~
—y-—Interim Systen
[yr —Surwed Lance Syatem

a. 398, 1
pGontract wilt he warded Tal 3.98: OAS: UE b: is

ARDC [50% 103 enevious eustions or russ roma ane ons


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment. - Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: arg Environment Proj 1764

High speed impact studies of particles with surfaces are pos-
sible at this time only by a method using shaped charges, since only by this
Means have particle velocities Comparable -with meteor velocities been gener-
ated ina laboratory basis. The physics of high speed interactions is not well
understood, and experimental measurements at velocitiags up to 50 km/sec are
highly desirable. Even then, it is difficult to Predict the degree of success
of this technique, but this approach ia Presently available at welatively low
cost. Because the energy density of the impacting reactions may be as mich

48 a hundred times Sreater than Previously ob rved, considerably different
effects than theoretically Predicted are to be expected,

(4) Theoretical studies

interplanetary matter upon ARS. Where possible, information from shock tube
studies, radio and Optical meteoric studies, investigations of meteoric craters,
deep see ocean sediments, microchemical analysis of rare S48 constituents,
etc., that contribute to the overall problem of the determination of the hazard
from interplanetary matter will be considered. In thig manner, the reliability
of the information derived from the direct experimental Program may be

The primary emphasis of the @pproach of the 4 subtasks, there-
fore, is the determination of the spatial distribution of interplanetary matter,
the size distribution, and the mass density of this material, and thus with
suitable laboratory studies to be able to predict the Probability that meteoric

on cost of 5M per instrumentation. The cost of rockets for this work based on
30M for a single Aerobee rocket would be 450M for 15 Aerobees. However,

since the meteoric detection equipment may be used on a Nike-Cajun rocket
system, also, the overall rocket cost is expected to be much lower than. the

DD Form 613 ({cont.)

WHO 37 -a77 0


" ‘REPORTS CONTROL S¥MBOLTM
; R&D scree _
Cisvsrem (yjprovect Cjrask Clotuer °F april 1957
Tiree 7 p> wereian 1 oy = ty
CONCLASSIFIED TITLE) GROUND-SPACE COMMUNICATIONS FOR ARS, WS 1171 owner
sensouce. CALENDAR YEARS 7
CT OR 256 57 "5 m %
TIL TASK MR s}alelo[nfols Te Ju] [ufo] JaJa Talal SAM 1 tfalaleTeTeTeletryateys
Ground Space Communications | 1767 a fz
oe 1
L Ql
- th
|__-Advanced: | Fy
1
a xi
[Ground Communication Equip. |" 39851
=<: ,Antra-Btation: Q| Ip
ee : x
os
peloter-Station:
“&,. Limited: ry Ip
Tdvanced: a
a Ri
- a . c! x)
[Ground Support Equip. | 39852 lp] lal I z
D rH
ic xl
(Propegation Research |__39853 a A@Brre.
ARDC [30% 103 Pmavious zorriows oF Tue ronw Ane oni £ 2/ oF 37

WD- 57-0143


R & D TEST AND TEST SUPPORT AIRCRAFT ANNEX: ” x Tacae
C) svsreq (&) prosect Task © orner. are -.

2 April 195
4. TITLE! B Cy Ss. wUMeER ¥
SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS 1171, ee

CHANGE

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) SUBSYSTEM C. Ws 1172, | 1761 i—n
n a Dy te Tt oa a 4. fe
P| RE one mn SH] eRe | se | emer [HTH
1. [1 | B-47 (or eqhivaient) L | 30 aug 57/ 31 Mar 56 bio tox
2. | 1 | 3-47' (or eqhivaient) afi tow | 12 | 1am
3 fa ¥-100 (or eftuivalent) 7 * a |
4 | 1 | 0-130 (or ehuivaleat) al o« “+ 15 | la
“5. fa |ns2 Gor eghivalent) A * *

rou, |"? heii

Location and Dates to be d ermified by Center, expected to

AFAC or AFFTC, | 60 flight $ Auvdlving ttem|1. ‘conducted wit
at: of Patrick AFB at tines ned by Migsi ings. The a
50 hours and all hours indipated for Items 2 th: e@ to be flow
and places. of cbnvenience @ thd period 30 Aug 57 to/'31 March 58.
Estimated hours! are considered 1, :

* Hours and costs) are totalled for] Period 30 Aug |57 through 31 Mar 58,

: fees pravious TM NS 01 AGE TT OF I~


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Data Process ng: 8

fem for ARS WS-117L 2 April 1957
soe Proj 1763

which are’ not Commercially available or in development, but Tequired by this
sub-system, Included will be modifications to existing equipment when
Sppropriate to insure their maximm applicability, Guidance on the items to
be developed and their functional specifications will stem from the Systems
Design Task and the Equipment Application and Technique Experimentation task.

(5) Task No.39860 - Intelligence Data’ Processing Subs:
ntegra and Te:

Contractor: Not Yet Determined

Technical Advisor: Mr, R. Libby, RCW, Intelligence Laboratory,
RaDc, Rome, New York :

the intelligence System. It will include but not be limited to: the systems
engineering, complete installation and equipping of the ARSIC, and the combined
test of all individual items which comprise this subsystem under simulated

and operational us.
simulation Program as well as test run data from the functional test of the
visual, ferret, and infrared subsystems for input data wilt be accomplished

to checkout and modify the individual component and overall subsystem Procedures,
operation, and performance,

(6) Task No. 39855 - Intelligence Parameters and Data Processing
Criteria Studie

Contractors: Planning Research Corporation
10966 LaConte Avenue
Los Angeles, California

Aero Services Corporation
210 Bast Courtland Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Physical Research Laboratory, Boston University
707 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts

Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Battelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio

fe/  8.57- ors

DD Form 613 (cont. )


R&D TEST ANNEX

‘= REPORTS CONTROL STOOL

om or races
2 svstem (&) prosect Omsk 2 orner Coste
: 2 April 1957
<Titce ; err 5) rr
(SECRET TITLE) INFRA-RED RECONNAISSANCE SUBSYSTEM FOR ARS, WS 1171 cuanen
{ONCLASSIFIED. TITLE) SUBSYSTEM G, WS 1171, 1761.
FOWESE GUNTER | 8; PROJECT OFFICER = Acton Vie Sonem wT ae VAND PREC] Tay SECURITY
. AF 04 -
WOD (wTR) Major G. E. Austin Ws 117L Lockheed Acft.Cox (647)-97 la, 1-6
Te 7 z ve 7
“oe, |" rest crew “ TEST Descmprion "Tarr soeNcr Ano arre avauanes | cRQR Tes
1 Infrared radiation character- | One A/C with TR sensing equipment (1) Agency to be Q) B in- | 31 mer 58
istics from appropriate 1 measure radiation = - determined, atrumentatipn
targets as seen from high intensity in selected spectral AFPIC oy AFAC | avail 30
altitude, Yegions from burning ICBM rockete under considertaug 57
and jet aircraft with high horse- ation, (2) Ale to
Power engines. High altitude (2) Site - Some be instrumehted
Capability in excess of 40,000 . flights neces-/ desired
feet is mecessary for the instru- | sary in 30 Aug 57
mented A/C in order to subordinate vicinity of (3). ICBM targets
effects of the lower atmosphere. Patrick AFB. | available
‘Variations in target radiation , Sdte of other | scheduled
with altitude and aspect will be | flights optiontWS 107A a;
determined. Dat obtained will-be al. WS 315A teat
used to eval; Performance of an| - Programs.
IR detection system mounted oma G) A/c targets
very high altitude platfora. |for fly-by

to be arranged.

TEST CENTER APPROVAL

Fon
ARDC Sues

105 previous somone oF Tus

‘30s Wana ‘ORGANIZATION ‘oaTe

Waar “RGANIZATION bate
wi CENTER APPROVAL

a Wane ‘ORGANIZATION

bare

Fore Ane on



For the visual systems » Simultaneous investigations will be made relative to
simplicity, early availability and utility of a satellite fixed data trans-

mitting antenna scheme as well as the more complex steerable antenna arrange-
ment. The transmitter tube will be chosen to meet ARS reliability. The data

The ferret data link system will either be identical to the visual date
transmission scheme or utilize standard telemetering techniques.

Suitable time-synchronized recording of the reconnaissance data will be
performed at each intercept station, and then transmitted to the Intelligence
Center.

The infrared data will be multiplexed on the telemetering data link.

Ground communication facilities will be established in order te permit
the rapid transmission of time-synchronized reconnaissance and orbital data
from each intercept station to the Intelligence Center, the transmission
Programming orders from the Intelligence Center te each intercept station, and
the transmission of routine information. Initially, narrow bandwidth wire and

The launch station; each intercept station, and the Intelligence Center
will contain the necessary intra-station commmications required for efficient
operation. .

C. Solutions and Recommendations
ee ane Recommendations

It will be necessary in the early programs to provide space-to-ground

telemetering as the major means of conveying vehicle instrumentation data to
the ground. It will play a major role in the development cycle, and, therefore,
every attempt will be made for a high order of reliability. Standard FM/FM or

telemetering techniques will be used in the early program. More refined
vehicles will contain space-to-ground telemetering equipment as part of the
operational equipment. This will be necessary in order to maintain continuous
contact with vehicular equipment so that adjustment and switching. of critical

data transmission will be at: .

During all phases of the Program, continuing attention will be given
towards developing. techniques F< lity of the

PAGE 306 oF 3)
WP-S7- ONKR



uyi ‘

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Spa
Project 1762 - 2 April. 1957

Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L

hg.

oe: : ,

(3) Infrared pata Receiving Equipmen,
———a ne Receiving Equipment

Experimental and Prototype receiving equipments will be
designed, fabricated and tested using telemetry-type techniques. .

9a. Task No, 39848 (Unc1 Title) Vehicle Data Transmitting Baytpment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No, AF04(647)-97
Task Advisor: Mr. A, J. Falkowski - wane - WCLNO-2 - X21239

©. Objective: The objective of thie task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test equipment which will be capable of transmitting reconnaissance
data from the vehicle to the Vehicle Intercept and Control Stations. The
transmission rate or information transfer per unit time will be the maximum
possible Commensurate with system requirements. .

The visual data link will incorporate high-gain directional
antennas at both the transmitting and Teceiving ends of the link. As a
Preliminary objective, the visual data link will be designed for handling
signals, the video bandwidth of which ig approximately 6 Mmegacycles/sec
at the half power points, The ultimate bandwidth Capabilities for the
advanced systems will be in the order of 20 mégacyclea/eec. .

. For ferret Feconnaissance data, the information bandwidth
vequixements will be considerably less than those necessary for visual
reconnaissance, Accordingly, the data link will be modified by narrowing
the bandwidth of the ground receiver and, if possible » employing a
shaped-beam antenna in the vehicle, Consideration will be given to employing
the same type of transmitter for the ferret system ag that employed in the
visual system. .

The information bandwidth requirements of the infrared reconnais-
sance data transmitters are sufficiently small to allow transmission ona
“number of telemeter channels,

d. The approach to this task will be to utilize known techniques

and develop © hardware compatible with expected vehicle life and environ-
ment,

DD Form 613 (cont. ) —fLORRROSTAE 5 !
: eRe oye

WD. S?- O43


Fina

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957

3a. Task No. 39842 (Unel Title) orbit Computing and Ground
Programming Equipment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97
Task Advisor:

©. Qbjective: The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test the ground orbit computing and Programming equipment.
A computer will be Provided at each Vehicle Intercept and Control Station
to compute the vehicle's orbit for indexing reconnaissance data, Teacquisition,
and vehicle Programming. A master computer at the Master Intercept Station,

will have an additional capability relative to determining the operating
mode of each Intercept Station,

d. The orbit computer will be selected and Tequisitioned from
several which are now under development and which meet requirements, Required
input-output devices will be developed.

4a, Task No. 39843 (Uncl Title) Ground Timing and Synchronization
Equipment

Missile Systems Divibion
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

" b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft vtptoa
i

Contract No. AF 04 (647) -97

Task Advisor: Mr. G. H, Parker, RADC, RCEMBL
Mr. J. Fallik - RADC - RCEMBL - X71217

c. Objective: The objective of this task is to design, develop,
fabricate and test the ground timing equipment required to provide a time
base for the weapon system. Timing equipment will be provided at each Inter-
cept Station suitably synchronized with the over-all timing system and
po: sing sufficient accuracy to permit geodetic indexing of vehicle position,

d. The approach will be to select and procure the necessary equipment
such as crystal oscillator Secondary standards, and standard radio receiver

and time delay equipments, Auxiliary equipment will be designed and developed
a8 required. .

DD Form 613 (cont.) PAGE 4 OF 3] y 0? 57- ONeS


GENERAL DESIGN .A¥ecTe ICATION
I, General

4. Sta it of the Problem:. The Infrared Subsystem will partially
fulfill the objectives outlined in System Requirement No. 5, 17 October 1955 >
by providing the following capabilities for the ws 117L:

(1) Detection of ICBM launchings whenever and wherever they occur,
Siving immediate and unambiguous warning of ICBM attack,

(2) Detection of large jet aircraft and missiles for early warning
of attack by such vehicles, and for surveillance of air traffic patterns as an
indicator of the imminence of hostilities,

(3) Tracking of ballistic missiles during their bening stages with
sufficient accuracy for trajectory and impact prediction in AICBM applications.
This represents a very advanced capability,

b Approach: The Infrared Subsystem will passively receive infrared
signals in selected Portions of the 1-12 micron region, process these signals,
and feed them to. the Ground Space Communication Subsystem for transmission to
the ground in suitable form for immediately locating the emmitting: sources,
Hopefully, these sources will be limited to large rocket or jet engines at
altitude, with ground targets blanked out by the lower atmosphere,

for this capability, Using multiple satellites simul taneously on. orbit,

but with no intersatellite data link, direct transmission from each sat. llite
to ground must be utilized. The geographical area under Surveillance at any

time ig then limited by the readout range as well as by the detection range.

Each of these Tanges is expected to be approximately 2500 miles for an orbital
altitude of 1000 miles,

Preliminary analysis indicates that with one high latitude ground
receiving station and fifteen satellites equally spaced on an 83 degree, 1000
mile orbit, all launching sites within the USSR for Missiles with a 5500 .
nautical mile range can be kept under constant surveillance. The coverage
of total Soviet territory will be no less than 50% at any time and will.
average approximately 80%. With intersatellite communication, greater coverage
can be obtained with half as many satellites,

ICBM detection range ig line-of-sight limited and can be increased by
increasing orbital altitude, the less intense emissions from airbreathing
targets are not likely to be detected from a 1000 mile orbit. A 300 mile
orbital altitude must therefore be utilized for this application. A single
satellite will provide useful surveillance of USSR aircraft patterns and
activity, Cutting approximately a 600 mile swath with each Passage, the

PACE 9 oF 1
WD-S7. 614,52.


‘a
i
R&D CONTRACT Funws Annex
Cisvstes GxProuect Orasx Corner

ears
QSLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Enviroment Data for ans, wun fo oF
(Short Title) ARS Environment .
ys wees on [SES ostmacr | Semev vas | x sr] [ev sa [sv 59 [ry Pro Comm,
ie rhacim [ream | Sorensen we_oren co pprimnf eve Torun]
ARS Environment . 1764 RSE | Various

see _Jorned oe lornan
2-117 sso 42m ~ hw sich 425é)

= | Bis ih “ ac

T

so-feat
P-600 16084 422m ut 14x 425M)
P-100 ou 95 470m) 4
P-200

Tors,

BS 6M | 422m) om Looded 95 14.
ARDC tts 110

PREVIOUS EDITIONS OF THES FORM ARE



AEPORT CONTROL SYMBOE
RAD PROJECT CARD :; DD-RAD/A/119°
pi G SIFIED Title) a. ONNEL "= SECURITY OF
OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED RECONNAISSANCE . SECRET 8728
SYSTEM (SYSTEM 117L) b. (SYSTEM -117L PO6S) 4. INDEX NUMOER & REPORT DATE
|S BASiC LG OW woRvECT [Bae nc SoRRET waa oneor--ELZ_1-2-Apeil. 1957 |
Strategic Air Warfare Systen Personnel Utilization, 65
: Gary
‘& COGNIZANT AGENCY Air Research and 12. CONTRACTOR AND/GR ‘LABORATORY COMTRACT/W. 0. io.
Develgpment Command Western Dev.piv, Lockheed Aircraft Corp
‘8. DIRECTING AGENCY Office for ‘QPRI
AFPTRC Maintenance Laboratory: AFO4 -
0. Wi Operator Laboratory (647)-97
Hq USAF ° Personnel Laboratory
41. PARTICIPATION AND/OR COORDINATION TS. RELATED PRODECTS 17, AST, CONPLETION DATES
AMG (I) ‘ACIC-1 11 : aus,
AGS (1) USN/CND-1 WLI,
ATC (1) USA/C/g-z
SAC (1D Other,
ADC (1)
CIA (I) I N iF
18, REPLACED OCT ¢

Thie rewritten ri

project dated 28
36. REGUIRENENT ADT

T°" Requirement for s-eatabl Leliett dy ~
juirément No. 5, dated 17 October 1955, which directed this Center to's

reparation of a System Development Plan. Responsibility for technical support in
he @xecution of the-WS LI7L Development ‘Plan was.assigned under the Provisions of
System Development Directive No. II7L, dated 17 August 1958. Specific approval

or inclusion of Project for development of Qualitative Personnel Requirements

ormation (QPRI) was contained in Amendment No. 2 to’ SDD No. 117L, dated 1 ‘October

956. ARDC Project Development ‘Directive ‘No. ‘8728, “October 1956, directed ém-

plementation of this Center's plan for development of QPRI (Project Development Plan

lo. 8728, dated 28 February 1956) for WS 117L, ‘Requirement for re-writing the

riginal plan for development of QPRI for WS ‘LI7L was established as a result of

‘wo separate actions First: the'Weapon System Project Office’ (WDD) directed

repared recently for contractual negotiations, reference 211(7). Second: the

Plication of existing research techniques in the areas of Job analysis and

lescription, training Programming, training equipment requirements and evaluation
All provide valuable support to the development of the personnel Bub-system of

117L.: This project is designed to yield optimum information needed by planning
gencies concerned with the personnel and training aspects of weapon system 1.

the

in-

22, cam an) an, fen. ef ¥ [x Tr te
a 7 pasts

Tacmene st, UNCLASSIFIED =.



age

CUNCLASSIFTED TITLE) Ground-Spacd Moxamind cation Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957 f

calibrate ‘all the Operating equipments of this subsystem. The gxound
Support equipment will include pre-launch Support equipment for check-out
of the vehicular equipments which form Portions of this subsystem.

d. The approach will be to establish requirements and, subsequently,
Procure or develop the required ground support equipment,

14a. Task No. 39853 (Uncl Title) Propagation Research

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97
Task Advisor: Mr. L, Colin - RADG - RCEMB - 71217

©. Objective: The objective of this task is to provide information
and data relative to Propagation anomalies ag they affect the operation of
WS 117L. The following are typical data which may be required in order to
fulfill the requirements of this weapon system:

(1) Entire time spectrum of the index of refraction of the
troposphere and Lonosphere at a particular Seographic location.

(2) Mean (e.g. monthly or yearly) time delay through the trop-
osphere and Lonosphere as a function of elevation angle frequency and geo-
graphical location,

(3) Root Mean Square of the fluctuations in time delay through
the ‘troposphere and Lonosphere as a function of elevation angle, radar
frequency and Seographical location,

: The operational Vehicle Intercept and Control Stations will
be complemented with the requisite equipment for obtaining the basic radar

correction data, due to Propagation anomalies, in accordance with the results
of this task.

a. The approach will be to: :
(1) Monitor work in the field of radio Propagation research.
(2) Monitor and provide consulting services relative to
contractor's radio Propagation experiments with a satellite vehicle as a
Source of electromagnetic radiation,
: (3) Develop a method of predicting the ionospheric and tropo-

spheric bending effects from measurements, based on the Tesults of d-(1) and
d(2) above,

DD Form 613 (cont.) WD- 57 O143


* TAR ED OOgr ESTDUTE RECKETTELATTON >, \ — = =
svsvem CBprasect (vase onan ‘ a eave
oO oe Ome Cone . 2 aprit_1957
ToRe aS THO as a a
SUBSYSTRA G, WS 1171 . omand 1761
. A _PREVIONS YEARS ie. ota vean 57 [e. YER fe. recat vean)J" T®. To comiate
vo oe eter on eTHSR on stan LJ ornen see ortnER
id a vera. ; Ag] sso | roo | soar ~ | soo | ssi | as0000 40008
Conraact | a avaance pm ij ,
€. naw nee __| rsa] roar | soo soogt | scr | 13000" | soem .
* ae Tota,
@aTemm. | ®. avenane
¢. newnce
—
vacuTes
i
marowen 2.7% 10. 90 or ae 18,24 109. 24
77 on
Tee <
om rs
‘Vasy rams rae ie ae
Ps
‘TEST perPORT sncHary Frit dy
os
searoras 3000n | ssa | 130000 | sooo
= ;
Tora 2p 3568] 24 17109] 2x

. 3
PAGE T¥ OF T¥
wD-S7- 01352.



a ; 7 Rep ” E ‘REPORTS CONTROL STamOL
C)svsren Daprosecr task Corner 2 iprti 1957 :
Te 7 ° werria. howe
(nclaseified Title) GROUND-SPACE COMMUNICATIONS FOR ABS, WS 117L cuawen, 1762 .
SCHEDULE : CALENDAR YEARS. ee
rrr © | nosey on [__@ 36 3ST 8 oe 19 60 | wOl_ [ro
: TASK bn stefafotfols Telela[ats [ola Jopafals [eel tele ete AAA aye
Ground’ Spac : 1762 i GERE
: : : D IT
O K
Radar n - = as i ry P fis iabeairiay i .
1
i a "hs
| Interferometer 6, P| ery
D. H
im
Vehicle Zransponder/Beacon | 39841 rT:
Transpoader :
= J
x
Beacon a lor TP,
Orbit Computing & Ground 39842
‘Fograming Equip.
Orbit Computer iB} ;
: : IT
: a LK,
Ground Programmer ny
[> Ka F x
Grolind Timtag & Syn. 39843 ola} z
}—Eauip. n
K.
ARDC 530%, 103. enevious goriows oF rms pony ana . ee IG OF B37



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Envlggampng Date for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short, Title: ARS Environment oy ° . Proj 1764

The instrumentation and launching of research rockets requires:

(1) The provision of vehicles and launch facilities suitable
to each experiment.

(2) The instrumentation of the nose cone. This effort may
vary from simple attachment to the Yocket to adaption of the experimental
equipment to the vehicle and its support instrumentation.

(3) Collateral instrumentation for tracking, telemetering,
range safety, data recording, parachute Tecovery, special sequencing and
command of experiments, orientation of sensing devices (biaxial pointing con-
trol) and others. :

(4) The provision of suitable ground data recording equip-
ment. .

Techniques and procedures have been established under GRD
P-7659 to accomplish ‘the desired results in the above areas of effort. In
order to meet the requirements of the other tasks of this Project, the same
techniques and procedures will be followed under this task. In particular,
the same contractors and facilities will be used, where applicable, and coordina-

tion with necessary test facilities will be carried out in the same manner as
under P-7659,

In order to efficiently and effectively make use of system test
vehicles close coordination will be established with the prime contractor.
Such liaison is necessary-to adapt the experiment to system test vehicles
from the standpoint of size, weight, available telemeter, power, etc.

d. Other Informetion
| Not applicable
e. Background History

System Requirement No. 5 dated 17 October 1955 subsequent letter
directive from WDD placed on AFCRC the responsibility of providing environ-
mental data effecting the design and test of ARS vehicles. Studies by the
Geophysics Research Directorate, AFCRC, the design study contractors and
the ARS Weapons System office determined that in certain areas the state of .
the art was such that additional data would be required to isfy the design
requirements of ARS, In December 1955 and January 1956 Tasks 76971, 76972,
76973 and 76974 under Project 1115 were Prepared by Geophysics Research
Directorate, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, These tasks were,
with certain exception approved by WDD. 3 July 1956. This project constitutes
a rewrite of these tasks under Project 1764 in support of WS 117-L.

DD Form 613 (cont.) AA WATI7- O1/160


_cgunpesTM
wae

(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment Date for ARS, WS 117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

the compilation of these data into consistent atmospheric models. This step
is not necessarily limited to follow step (5) chronologically, but will
follow each rocket flight from which usable date results,

«7) Repackaging of equipment for test satellite vehicles

equipment used ‘in the rocket firings of step (5) or plenned in steps (1) and (2)
to make that equipment suitable for Sathering desired atmospheric data from
ARS test vehicle, '

(8) Itistallation and flight of density and Pressure measuring
del,

equipment in satellite vehicle

; This phase involves the fieia operation of a Program for
measuring atmospheric density and Pressure at orbital altitudes of satellite
test vehicles, and would be followed by @ reapplication OF step (6).

4. (a) T-39794 ~ Thermal Radiation Program for ARS

(b) This task will be accomplished through a combination of "in-
house" and contractual effort, Present contractor is the University of

Colorado under Contract AF 19(604)-1899. Additional contracts are contem-

(c) The objective of this task is to measure the intensity of -
irradiant heat sources above the atmosphere, .

. The radiation environment is one of the external conditions
which may grievously affect the Period during which information can be ‘ob-
tained from an oribiting satellite,

To be operational, the design of the satellite must be engineered
80 as to maintain within pre-determined limits the temperatures of vital come
munication Components, such as electronic units, batteries, etc. I£ and when
nuclear sources are used for Power, then the‘ excess energy must be radiated

away from an external heat exchanger; its design requires a knowledge of the
radiation exchange environment,

The temperature of a satellite in orbit at given times and Places
can be calculated, Required for these calculations are a knowledgeof the in

terstellar heat sink into which it is radiating energy -~ thus cooling it -- and
a knowledge of the intensities of the thermal fluxes which tend to warm it,
Estimates of the equilibrium temperature of the satellite can be verified only
by measurements within the orbiting satellite, Under the woret condition the

» —CONFIBENTHAL-

DD Form 613 (cont.) WO-$7- O110


ARWPL29 MAY 5B 5M

; ° TORS sv :
' RDB PROJECT CARD New Project boaoeaee Ot
(i 1. Provect Thur 2. SECURITY 3. PROJECT NUMBER
(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space
Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L : SEGRET 1762
. . 4 INDEX NUMBER) 5, REPORT DATE
f 2 April 1957
6 BASIC WALD OR SUBJECT 7, SUBPELD Ox SUBJECT suBOROUP TA. TECH. O83.
SA-9A, 9B
Strategic Air Warfare System 117L 46-Communications 10, 10-9
© coonmater ‘AGENCY 12, CONTRACTOR AND/OR LABORATORY CONTRACT/W.0. NO.

Air Research and Development
Command

ckheed Aircraft Corporation| AF 04(647)-97

10, REQUESTING AGENCY

HO USAR ev. 19
11, PARTICIPATION, COORDII vest__196:
USAF/AMC-P —-USN/CRD/L OP. EVAL
SAC-I USA/C/S-I

ADC-1 Other /CIA-L

ATC-I .

APGC-I

15, PRORITY _ fe

1A
Ww

This is the initial report on this project

20, REQUIREMENT AND/OR JUSTIFICATION

The objectives of this Project are to assure the ss
jo£ equipment to perform all of the functions concerned. wi

data transmission and receipt, establishment and ‘maintena:
the vehicle (including acquisit:

Reference ARDC Syst

a.Requirement No, 5 dated 17 October 1955.

. 2le Brief and Military Characteristics:

The "Ground-Space Communications" ground equipment will provide for
i acquisition and tracking, reception of data, and transmission of specific ¢
~, “* }commands to a satellite vehicle moving on an orbit at approximately 300 miles
- ° “Sjaltteude. This capability will be

ground stations. In addition, the ground e
station ground Communications, includ
Computation necessary for acquisiti

ince of contact with

‘Lon tracking, and ground control), orbital
computations, and command communications.

Provided ‘for a maximum radio range from the
quipment:will provide for inter-
ling transmission of reconnaissance data;
on, programhing and for geographic

. RDS oN ON x. L a
3/ pas
WH AT 12 YEAR mor} oF
IN ae Ae AUTOMATICALLY WP-59- 043
rat aecirien nan mie eon TA

we

Ly?



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical ‘Sa onment. Data for aks, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

noted as important: -- the solar Constant, the. albedo Associated with various

Physiographic features of the earth (both the earth surfaces itself and cloud

cover meteorologically and physiographically determined), and the infrared
the

the event that is undertaken. Hard and fast lines cannot be drawn separating
the work on thermal flux sensors from the work on the Sensors which could be
used on the Weather Reconnaissance Project. To the extent that work on this
task (T-39794) advances the work on the Weather Reconnaissence Project,

this later Progress may be considered a by-product, However, under the
Weather Reconnaissance Project would be required the Production of sensors
specifically adapted for installation in aircraft, and following the flights,
reduction and Study of the data, Such work is not contemplated in the budget
Proposed for this task,

5. (a) Task 39795 . Rocket and Instrumentation Support

(b) This task will be accomplished through a Combination of "{n-
house: and contractual effort, The type of effort Tequired by this task is
being carried on by AFCRC under GRD P7659. In P-7659 Several contractors
have been used and have attained a Competence in thefr Fespective areag
(See Approach) In view of this competence, many of the same contractors will

be used to accomplish the objectives of this task. Conterplated contractors
include:

) Aerojet - General Corporation '
> Wentworth Institate

) Oklahoma A and M

) New Mexico A and M

(ce) The task objective is to instrument and launch research rockets
in support of the objectives of the other tasks in this project,

Requirement and/or Justifi ion

The. requirement for this task is delineated in the @pproach of each of
the other tasks of the project,

(d) roach

DD Form 613 (cont.) : is A 37-0110


~~ CONABEN HA:

Special Annex for Mission Support Funds (cont.) 2 April 1957
Project 1764

4." $3,225.00 of P-690-02 funds will be required in the Performance of
task T-39794 during FY 57, Specifically we contemplate:

(1) 3 trips to Los Angeles, California at $400, each $1200.
(2) 6 trips to Baltimore, Maryland at 860. each 240.
(3) 3 trips to Chicago, Illinois at $125. each 375.
(4) 2 trips to Holloman ADC, N.M. at $400. each 800.
(Ss) 2 trips to WADC, Dayton, Ohio at $100. each 200,
(6) 2 erips to RADC, Rome, N.Y, at $55. each 110.
(7) Miscellaneous travel: $300, 00.

$3225.

sand b Travel to the Los Angeles area and to the Baltimore area is pre-
dicted on the assumption that the contractors, at least for the vehicles for
scientific measurements, will be in either or both are. + Alao, at least
one visit te WDD is contemplated,

S: Travel to the Ghicago area is included on the assumption that contractor
for the temperature and radiative transfer Sensors might quite Probably be
.

a. “Travel to Holloman ADC looks forward to Preliminary testing of instru-
Mentation in the Upper atmosphere by balloons or Tockets, or both,

$. Travel to WADC and Go RADC will be required to coordinate the various

Center efforts, - It is possible that the number listed is a minimum and that
more will be required, .

£. Miscellaneous Cravel to discuss specific problems with experts at various
Universities will be required.

Ss After FY 57 we anticipate that because of the increased activity the
travel requirement will be increased to an average $4,500. per year,

. An annual average of $1000. of P-690-03 funds will be required totrans-
portation of instrumentation units during Fy 53 and FY 59,

5a. $14,000 o£ P690-02 funds will be required in the Performance of task
‘139795 during FY 58, .

(1) 12 trips to HADC at $500. each . $6000.
(2) 4 trips to Los Angeles, Calif. at $400. 1600.
G3) 8 trips to Palo Alto, Calif, at $450. each 3600,
(4) ‘44 trips to Patrick AFB, Fla, at $200. each 800.
(5) Miscellaneous 2000,
Total $14,000.

mere

DD Form 613 (cont.) HOW~$9- 01140



R&D MATERIEL Anvex .
Cosystea = cyprosecr Osx Corte

Paen,

oF races

Weare

System,
J AN/cSQ-11 Complete

2 April 1957
oT Pry 7 oman
(UNCLASSIF IRD TITLE) ate eeENG ‘SUBSYSTEM FoR ARs, | cane .
: oe . Ws 1763
Cost Estinates; Gross: 1,500;000 .
Met: L 000
‘8. SUPPLY & SQUIPMENT .
Estimated Bs ey Time Phased Ret $ Requirements

Nomenclature Including s/y Unit Cost Jere Qty [Gross Cost] Net Qty fet Cose Fy 56 J Fr 57 Fr 58 [Fr 59

Mintcard 1,500,000) 1 1,500, 1 ‘ao 1,500,0q



(UNCLASSIFIED Title) a, PERSONNEL OPERATIONS SUBSYSTEM FOR THE ADVANCED
I SYSTEM (SYSTEM 117L) b.  (SysTEM 1171 Poss)

(2) Task 87300-QUALITATIVE PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTSJINFORMATION ,

(a) Contractor: Data will be collected and assembled by the
prime contractor for the Production of reports which will be phased with
equipment design and development .

(b) Objective:
descriptions,—gnd Personnel
subsystem of Wa117L,

descriptions, forecasts of
Early identi:

report will comprise four Sections: General Information, Manning
Document Information, Training Equipment Requirements Information, and
‘{8Formation on Special Problem Areas. The format of the report will be
Patterned after AFPTRC QPRI reports which have been Published for ballistic
missile systens,

Section one, General Information, will describe the general Purpose and
function of the system, as well as stated or assumed concepts of opration
and maintenance,

Section two, Manning Document Information, will: identify al1 equipment-
associated operator and maintenance Positions; indicate tasks Performed within
each Job-pesition; indicate ski12 levels required for those Positions requiring
new personnel skills; ang reference Air Force specialties which most nearly
identify the Job-positions, .

Section three, Training Equipment Requirements Information, will identity
in general terms the Special training devices which will be needed to
impart new skills required for the operation and maintenance of the weapon
system. Further action in this area is defined in a subsequent task,

Section four, Special Problem Areas, will include an expansion of the
Problem areas (identified in the "Implications of Design" report) which can
be i1so0latea under a specific set of conditions, This Portion of the report will
identify personnel Problems of an organizational and/or Command nature.

Page 3. of 7 Pages


(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-~Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957 °

rte!

¢
@ suitable form for modulation of the transmitter carrier. Command coding will
be capable of being changed Periodically for security purposes. Means will

d. Proposed Approach

(1) When a pulsed radar-transponder combination is used for
primary tracking, consideration will be given to the possible use of a

common transmitter and/or antenna for primary tracking and command control
Purposes, .

(2) For the early Pioneer Test Program, the following engineering
Spproach will be taken:

(a) Procure and modify, if necessary, a suitable high power
FM command transmitter, The choice of frequency will be determined by the
results of interference and jamming studies,

(b) Procure and modify a suitable standard parabolic antenna
and pedestal for item (a) above,

(c) Develop and fabricate an antenna feed system for a
circular polarized antenna,

(a) Assemble, and conduct compliance and field tests on
above equipment.

(3) For the Advanced Ground Command Control Equipment, the
following engineering approach will be undertaken;

(a) Investigate methods of improving transmission vreliabil-
ity and decreasing sensitivity to interference and Jamming.

(b) Design, develop, fabricate and test an Advanced
Command Control Transmitter and Modulator,

Ja. Task No, 39846 (Uncl Title) Vehicle Command Recéiving Equipment
b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California
Contract No. AF 04.(647)~-97

Task Advisor: Mr. A, J, Falkowski - WADC - WCLNO-2 -X21239

REISE RA Pe:

DD Form 613 (cont.) PACE 6 oF 3} Wod- 57-0143


(UNCLASSIFizp TITLE) Geophysical Bavironment Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: Rg Environment

£. Future Plang

This project is for the Specific purpose of Providing environmental
design data for the Advanced Reconnaissance Systen, therefore, the various
task and subtasks will be terminated, with Concurrence from the WS 117L

8. References

ARDC System Requirement No, 5 dated 17 October 1955

Secret Letter Wop to AFCRC sub: Support of Advanced Reconnais- —
Sance System (U) dated 23 December 1955, :

WS 117L Advanced Reconnaissance System Development Plan
dated’ 2 April 1956,

ARDC System Development Directive Advanced Reconnaissance

- System dated 17 August 1956,
SIGNED

MURRAY ZELIKOFy
Project Scientist
Photochemistry Laboratory

SIGNED’

MILTON GREENBERG
Director .
Geophysics Research Directorate

SIGNED

GEORGE P, JONES, JR,
Lt. Colonel USAF

Ballistic Missile Liaison Officer
Air Force Cambridge Research Center

—CONABEN FAI MF mate < DER
ees <w-Colonel, USAF URE
a for ws A

WN Farm 419 frank \ 20 WEF 1 O11 Ye



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Groundr gy

L tion Subsysten for ARS, WS 1171
Project 1762 - 2 April 1957 '% .

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97
Task Advisor: Mr. F, C. Karabaich - WADC - WCLCE-5 -X30253

mentation utilized in conjunction with the ws 1L7L flight test. - This equip-
ment will be provided for obtaining range, environmental, and equipment status
date. FM/FM and possibly PWM/FM telemetering equipment will be Provided for
early flight tests, The telemeter transmitting equipment will be identical
to vehicle data transmitting equipment where telemeter bandwidth is adequate.

“d. During low latitude test flights at AFMIC, the vehicle
telemeter equipment will be compatible with AFMTC instrumentation, Concurrently
development of advanced. equipment will proceed utilizing knowntechniques.

12a. Task No. 39851 - Ground Communications Equipment

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04.(647)-97
Task Advisor: Mr, Sidney Rosenberg - RADC - RCUO - X3117

(a) General Operational (administrative and logistic)
and command circuits (including vehicle antenna tracking Programs and
trajectory data), :

. . (b) Reconnaissance (visual, ferret and infrared) data
transmission circuits, .

(2) The interstation Operational and command net will link the
vehicle Intercept, Control » Telemetry and Data Acquisition Stations together
and each station to the Intelligence Center. The data channels will connect
each station with the Intelligence Center,

(3) The interstation data transmission circuits will handle
information of sufficient bandwidth to be eventually capable of tranemitting

DD Form 613 (cont.)

WD-52- os; «3


(ONCLASSIF TED TITLE) Data Proces: ; y for ARS WS-117L 2 April 1957
5 Proj 1763

9. ATIC Document entitled (Unel). "Technical Intelligence Consider-
ations for Advanced Reconnaissance System 1115," dated 11 October 1955,
Control Nr. T55-18539. *

10. acic Document entitled (Uncl) "Study of Position Information
Needs," dated 1 April 1955, control Nr, D5-6800-1,

11, Document entitled (Uncl) "United States Air Force Indications Plan"
(Short title - USAFIP), dated 16 November 1955, prepared by the Directorate
of Intelligence, AQ. USAF, Washington, D. C., Control nr. NR. NI-5986,
(Collection Plan covering strategic Warning Indicators),

12. System Requirement No, 13 dated 14 January 1955; amendment No. 1
dated 10 August 1956,

13. System 438L, Project 4586 and all associated tech and Project
reports,

Fasks:

45888 - Operational Intelligence Data Processing Equipment
45823 - Weather Data Automatic Reader

45828 - Reconnaissance Systems Integration

45830 - Automatic IBDA Processor

45831 - Automatic Target Analyzer

14, System 438L, Project 4588 and all Associated task and Project
reports,

15. System 438L, Project 4591 and all associated task and project
reports.

Tasks

45910 - Basic Minicard Equipment
45911 - Minicard Conversion Equipment

45912 - Lens Components

45913 - Minicard Camera & Enlarger for Aerial Photographs
45914 - Remote Televiewer for Minicard Display

45916 + Viewer Processor MX-1993-¢

DD Form 613 (cont.)



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical ronment Data for ARS, WS117L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARs Environment Proj 1764

It has been noted the type of thermal fiux detector used
should be "total" and "non-selective." As distinguished from Photo-conductive
detectors, the Preferred type would be the “temperature" detector, i.e., ‘the

absorbed energy is measured by temperature change using a thermocouple or
a thermister or equivalent,

the satellite. A minor activity from the viewpoint of both man-hours and
dollar costs, is therefore involved adding the Fesponsibility. for development,
testing and calibration of the temperature sensing devices to the identical
vesponsibilities for the devices for measuring thermal flux,

Timely and detailed Teports of progress on this task will be
Provided so that designs of the temperature sensors and accessory electronic
equipment will be available to the prime contractor for his use in instrument-
ing early test vehicles.

Approximately six months have passed since Contract
AF 19(604)-1899 for $40,000 was awarded to the University of Colorado for
work on thie task. Relatively good Progress has been made in the design of
compact lightweight transistorized thermal flux detectors available soon for
testing in high altitude balloon flights. However, for’ quantitative thermal
flux measurements one accepted technique is alternately to expose the radia-
tion sensor to the thermal flux to be measured and then to view a reference

In reconnaissance "vision" is involved. With the eye as the .
detector, the significant vision are 0.4 to.0.7 microns.
"Vision" in the ultraviolet involves a detector in the zange 0.2 - 0.4 microns.
In the infrared, "vision" comprises wavelengths from 0.7 to 25 microns. It is
obvious that "vision" is the discrimination of an object viewed with a given
bandwidth against a "background" also "seen" by the detector, Further, radia-
tion scattered toward the detector by material between the object and the
detector obscures vision (cf. visibility through fog).

ground will be veiled by the energy emitted
In the region from

DD Form 623 (cont.) 16 HASI7-O// M0


R&D MATERIEL Annex ;
Cosvsrea ejpeouecr  Cytax = Corner

raeus

woare

Cay

(ONCLASSIF TED TITLE) GROUND-SPACE COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM

FOR ARS, WS 1171,

2 April 1957
+ woweuR

% ~~ SUPPLY MATOTERANCE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATIONS TOTAL
Cost Estimates: Gross: 12;040;000 aa Delayed Delayed 1250405000
Met: 12 : 12,040,000
8. SUPPLY & EQUIPMENT :
Eatinated tal Regut: ts. Time Phased Net $ Requi: its
Nomenclature Including $/n Unit Cost [crs Qty|Cross Cost] Net Qty Met Cost vr 56 | yr 57 Fy 58 [Fr 59
Glass 16-4 - . a
Command Receiver and Decoder 20,000 f 10 200,000 | 10 200,000 40,000 60,000 100,004
Improved ABW 59(R-786) : ;
High Speed Digitel Cosputers 1,250,000 | 4 6,000,000 | 4 6,000,000 2,500,000} 2,500, 0dp
Glase 16-8, Van Mounted : : .
AN/MPS-19 600,000 | 4 k,400,000 | 4 6,400,000 600,000 ft , 200, 600, o0p
Radar Sets (Part of. AN/M5Q-1A
Radar)
Automatic Positioning Teleneter! 300,000 J 1 300,000} i 300, 300,00
Antenna & VEF Acquisition Sys. |
Telemetry Receiving Station 300,000 f 4 1,200,000 | :& —|1,200,00 300,000 | 600,000! 300,00q
Command Link Transuittere 100,000 | 10 000,000 | 10 — {1,200, 0 300,000 { 200,000} s00,00q
Command Encoder Type KY-172 100,000 f 2 200,000 | 2 200,01 100,000} 100,
D. 8. Kennedy 28 foot parabolic 75,000-1 4 300,000 | 4 300, 75,000} 150,000] 75,000
Reflector and Antenna Pedestal . .
and Drive



(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Ground-Space Commini cations Subsystem for ARS, WS 117L
Project 1762 ~ 2 April 1957 * :

d. The &pproach to this task will be to utilize known techniques
and develop hardware Compatible with expected vehicle life and environment,

8a. Task No, 39847 (Unc1 Title) Ground Reconnaissance Data Receiving

b. Contractor: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Missile Systems Division
P. 0. Box 504
Sunnyvale, California

Contract No. AF 04(647)-97 .
‘ Task Advisor: Mr, Sidney Rosenberg - Rapc - RCVO - X3117

c. Objective:

. q)
Equipment will be to provide all the necessary facilities for Teception,
Processing, recording, storage and monitoring of the visual, ferret and
infrared information transmitted by the vehicle during readout.

bandwidth Yequirements are Considerably lees than those necessary for visual
reconnaissance, Thus, the bandwidth of the ferret receiver will be ‘less
than that in the visual data receiver. The ferret data receiving equipment

will be capable of receiving telemetry-type signals from the vehicle
transmissions,

(4) The infrared data receiving equipment will be capable of
handling a number of telemeter channels for infrared Feconnaissence data.

DD Form 613 (cont.

WD-5?- Bi) 4x



Data Processing Subsystem for ARS WS117L (cont. )

Period and disseminated to other special elements of the intelligence system,
The volume of ARS collected data will be Spproximately three (3) times
that of the interim System and ten (10) times that of the initial system,
(3) The technical responsibility for the task areas listed

below must be combined into one contract in order to most efficiently accomplish
the objective of this subsystem:

(a) Subsystem Design

(b) Equipment Application & Technique Exploration

(ce) Equipment Development

(d) Data Processing Subsystem Integration and Test.



whe relayed to ground by the satellite-to-ground transmitter,

c. Solution;

The infrared Subsystem must detect and locate euttters of minute size
in a large field of view. A conceptual but non-optimized design to accomplish
this employs a line array of Spproximately 150 cooled lead telluride detecting
elements. These are Placed in the focal plane of a 56 inch diameter corrected
reflector System, creating a fan-shaped field of view comprised of 150
digitalized, 0.25 degree pencil beams, As the fan beam is rotated around a
vertical axis, 150 concentric annular rings are swept out. Simultaneously with
the mechanical rotation, each of the detecting elements in the line array is
scanned electronically, Target location is determined from the azimuthal

orientation of the optical system together with the identity of the detecting
element in the line array,

Target radiation falling upon a detecting elenent changes its
conductivity and Produces a voltage signal which ie amplified by an individual

the signal from the Preamplifier and passes it to another amplifier, An
azimuthal Potentiometer produces a voltage indicative of the scanner's position,
The electronic scanning voltage, which is used to scan the elements, is fed

to an electronic scan coder circuit which associates and correlates all target.
signals out of the target amplifier with the appropriate scan voltage. These
target position data, together with a timing code signal are Passed through

a data Processing circuit to put the signals into appropriate form to be

PACE § oF iy
WD- 57-013 62



UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical ‘Bix “s Data for ARS, WSIL7L 2 April 1957
Short Title: ARS Environment Proj 1764

(d) Approach

I. Introduction
The following subtasks are foreseen:

(1) The design, development, testing and calibration of
devices for the measurement of radiation of the following kinds.

(a) Total Tadiation from 0.27 to 2.7 microns (By "total"
is a single detector which integrates the energy in the specific spectral
Tegion Ron~selectivealy -- tee., Tecording to heating value, not by number
of Photons, )

(b) Total radiation from 4 to 20 microng,

(2) The design, development, testing and calibration of
temperature sensors.

(4) A subtask within Scope of thig task, but deserving
Separate discussion will result in new techniques, design experience, and data
important to aRs reconnaissance, Thig subtask is amplified
"(4) Activities ~Infrared Background

TI. Activi ties

ql) Activities - General
—aeetes = General

The statement of the task may be amplified by noting
that the Satellite in itg orbit will be warmed by energy from sun and from
earth and cooled by radiating energy outward. Its native temperature will
vary between Upper and lower, limits determined by intrinsic qualities (skin

of earth when irradiated by earth emission only; and ‘the distances from
earth at apogee and perigee, and whether these occur in sunlight or in shadow,

DD Form 613 (cont. _ CONFIDENTIAL HOB-S7- 01160


Ground-Space Communications Subsystem for ARS, WS i7L

General Design Specification

A. Statement of the Problem
——e me Problem
The Ground Space Communications Subsystem includes Provision for:

1. Acquisition and tracking of the orbiting vehicle
2. Command of the vehicle from a ground station

3. Transmission and reception of data from the vehicle to the
ground station

4. The necessary inter-station and intra-station commnications
5. Computing the orbit and geographic indexing of vehicle position
B. Approach
The test stations located at Cape Cannaveral, Antigua, Ascension, and

Hawaii will provide the required acquisition and tracking information of the
orbiting vehicle » data necessary for design of the Orbit computer and deter-

1. Hawaiian Island Station .

2. AFMIC (Planned use of existing facilities only).

3- Antiqua or St. Lucia Island

4. Ascension Island (Planned use of existing facilities only).
5+ Camp Cooke, California . .

6. Northwest Station, i.e., Annette Island, Alaska

7. Northeast Station, i.e., Presque Isle, Maine

8. Southwest Station, i.e., Amarillo, Texas

Coordination will be accomplished so that, if at all Possible, the South
Central (U.8.) station will be located at the same site as the WS 117L Intelli-

gence Center, CON FIDENT.

, a i WY)- 57- O43



1. Special Annex for Mission 2. Reports Control Symbol
Support Funda

Page of page
3. DATE: 2 April 1957
4, TITLE 5. Initial 6. NUMBER - 1764
(UNCLASSIFIED TITLE) Geophysical Environment for ARS, WS 117L
SHORT TITLE: ARS Environment

la. $6255. of P-690-02 funds will be required ia the performance of task
39721 in Fy 57,

ql 6 trips to Los Angeles and Palo Alto, Calif, at $400. — $2400.

(2) 3 trips to Chicago, I11. at $125. 375.
(3) 12 trips to New York, N.Y. at $40. 4%.
(4) Miscellaneous travel sates.

255.

vel will be essentially to monitor contracts and coordinate with
‘8. The requirements for FY 57 will continue through FY 58 and

c. In FY 58 atx (6) additional trips to HADC at $400. each will be required
to arrange rocket tests,

d. In Fy 59 twelve (12) additional trips to HADC or Patrick AFB at $400.
each will be Yequired for rocket tests on @pparatus.

©. Therefore, for Fy 59 P-690-02
$6655.

FY 59 $9055.

2a. $8000. of P-690-02 funds will be required in the performance of
T-39792 during FY 57, Specifically it ig contemplated,

(1) 12 trips to Holloman Air Development Center, N.M.

at $450, each $5400.

(2) 4 trips to San Francisco, Los Angeles area, Calif.
at $400. each 1600.
(3) 3 trips to Philadelphia, Pa, at $50. each 150.
(4) Miscellaneous travel; $850 850.
, TOTAL $8000.

~I7— Oho
DD Form 613 (cont. ) 8


WD-SP- Ollys