NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

MANNED /AUTOMATIC 

AND 

AUTOMATIC 

SYSTEMS ANALYSES 

PS AC 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

WHS- 056 O 

 Pages 

Copy of 

13 August 1966 

CDC= SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

..n..............*•■■•■•.•••••••••••.•••■■•■•••■•.■■•••■■■•••■••■•••••••••■•••••••••■•••■.......ss 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WM-056 

2 

RESULTS OF MAM/AM MISSION EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES 

PROGRAM DIRECTION (SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, 24 AUGUST 1965) 

I. DETERMINE MAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO EARLY SYSTEM 

MATURITY: BOTH MANNED/AUTOMATIC MODE AND 

AUTOMATIC MODE CONFIGURATIONS. 

2. DETERMINE MAN'S CRITICAL CONTRIBUTION TO HIGH 

RESOLUTION PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE. 

-'30e1M-1 SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-SeettEhli6 SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

.3 

MAN'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY 

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 

TROUBLE SHOOTING, MANUAL OVERRIDE, 

MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT, AND REPAIR 

BACKUP FAILED SUBSYSTEMS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
O OBSERVATIONS, SWITCHING, SELECT 

AVAILABLE ALTERNATE OPERATING 

MODE 

O REPORT. TO GROUND AT STATION - 

CONTACT: 

44.1 

VERIFY MALFUNCTION, 

GIVE STATUS 

O LOCALIZE FAULT AT COMPONENT 

LEVEL (VOLTMETER, 'CIRCUIT:' 

DIAGRAM, TEST POINTS) 

O ASSESS PROBABILITIES OF FIX, AVAILABLE SPARE, DEGREE OF RISK 

• INITIATE ANALYSIS OF PROBABLE CAUSE 

43 CONTINUE ANALYSIS UTILIZING 

SPECIALIZED MANPOWER. DEFINE 

PRIORITY ORDER OF CORRECTIVE 

ACTIONS ASSESSING RISK AND 

EXPEDIENCY. 

to O COMPARE T/M DATA WITH CREW REPORTMAKE INITIAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 

ACTION 

• CONFER WITH GROUND AT STATION- 44---00 

_CONTACT, REPORT DETAIL DATA AND 

PROPOSED ACTION 

O INSTITUTE FIX 

O MONITOR TO ASSURE TROUBLE 

CORRECTED 

CONCUR WITH CREW DIAGNOSIS AND FIX, 

OR ADVISE OF BETTER ALTERNATIVE, OR 

REQUEST ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS 

REVIEW PROGRAM FOR ALTERNATE 

OPERATIONS MODE 

MONITOR BY T/M 

OECRDT SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 / 

-SECE.F1,1=—SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

4 

TROUBLE SHOOTING, MANUAL OVERRIDE, 

MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT, AND REPAIR 

FLIGHT CREW ACTIVITIES 

O DETECT ANOMALY IN REAL TIME FROM 

MONITOR-ALARM OR ABNORMAL 

RESPONSE 

GROUND SYSTEM ACTIVITIES 

• VERIFY ANOMALY FROM TELEMETRY, IF 

FUNCTION INSTRUMENTED 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -0--5Z\\ 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

LABORATORY MODULE 

SUBSYSTEM LOCATION ACCESSIBILITY I. V. 

EPS: 

FUEL CELL 

CRYO TANK/LINES 

ELECT. CONTR. POWR 

UNIT 

DISTRIBUTION 

EC/LS: 

FLUID LOOP/VALVING 

FREON PUMP/MTR, H. E. 

MOLECULAR SIEVE 

GAS REGULATOR 

ACTS: 

HORIZ, SEN. HDS. 

TCA'S 

PROP. TANK/LINES 

VALVES 

CRYOS 

ELECTRONIC CIRC. 

CARDS 

COMM/DATA MGMNT: 

TRANSM/RECVRS 

VOICE COMPONENTS 

COMPUTER 

RECORD/TELEPR. HEADS 

TAPES 

INSTR. 

SIGNAL COND 

SENSORS/DISPLAYS 

STRUCTURE: 

DOOR/SEALS, LATCH 

RADIATOR 

UNPRESS. COMP. 

PRESS. COMP. 

UNPRESS. COMP. 

PRESS. COMP. 

EXTERN. VEH. 

UNPRESS. COMP. 

PRESS. COMP. ti 

PRESS. COMP. 11 

PRESS. COMP. 

PRESS. & UNPRESS. 

EXTR, WALL 

EXTERN, VEH. 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

75%, COMMONALITY EMPHASIZED 

80%, SWING OUT PANELS 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

100%, HAS REGEN. CAPAB. 

100%, REMOVAL EASY 

100%, THOUGH REDUNDANT 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

11 

100%, REMOVAL EASY ✓ 

100%, COMMONALITY EMPHASIZED 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

100%, CLEAN/REPLACE ✓ 

100%, REPLACE ✓ 

100%, CHANNEL SWAPPING ✓ 

50%, REDUND/REPL 

100%, REPLACE 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUND PATHS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-43theit-E-T-- SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

MISSION PAYLOAD 

SUBSYSTEM 

CAMERA & FILM HANDLING 

RECONN CONSOLES 

ACQN/ TRACKING SCOPE 

PICKUP HEADS 

COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM 

DATA READOUT SUBSYSTEM 

PROCESSING 

SCANNER 

DATA RE-ENTRY VEHICLE 

LAUNCHER 

OPTICAL SENSOR 

MIRRORS 

DRIVES 

THERMAL CONTROL 

HEATER BLANKETS 

THERMAL DOOR 

OPS. REF. & CONTROL 

STAR TRACKER 

LOCATION 

PRES. COMP' T-AFT 

BULKHEAD 

PRESS. COMPARTMENT 

PRES. COMP' T- CONSOLE 

EXT. BOTTOM SKIN 

PRES. COMP' T- CONSOLE 

PRES. COMP' T-CONSOLE 

PRES. COMP' T- CONSOLE 

PRES. COMP' T- BRACKE T 

PRES. COMP' T BOTTOM 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

UPPER SKIN 

ACCESSIBILITY 

100% 

60%, SWING OUT PANELS 

25%, SWING OUT PANELS 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

50%, SWING OUT PANELS 

100% 

50%, SWING OUT PANELS 

25%, BUCKET LOAD ACCESS 

50% DRV LOAD HATCH 

INACCESSIBLE 

INACCESSIBLE , REDUNDANT 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

50%, IN OPEN POSITION 

INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

I. V. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
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RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3ECRET - SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

t 

BACKUP FAILED SYSTEMS 

(MANNED FUNCTIONS) 

SUBSYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS INOPERATIVE 

% MISSION COMPLETION 

BACKUP ACTIVITY WITH EARLY FAILURE 

V/R SENSORS, ACROSS FORMAT IMC, MAN USES ATS 100 

STAR TRACKERS 

ABOVE, PLUS:1 SGLS COMMAND & TRACK 

LINK, 2 FUEL CELLS, 1 CRY() TANK, 

25% OF STABILIZATION SYSTEM, AUTO 

AS ABOVE, PLUS: 

MAN INITIATES POWERDOWN MODE, MANUAL 85 

MODE AV , LAB ATTITUDE REFERENCE AV CONTROL, MANUAL 

STABILIZATION CONTROL WITH VISUAL 

REFERENCE 

ABOVE, PLUS: DRV/LAUNCHERS, AS ABOVE, PLUS: 

WIDE-BAND DATA READOUT (SCANNER) 

, 

MAN INFORMS GROUND 

OF TAKE 

75 

ABOVE, PLUS: ALL COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL COMPUTER 

EXCEPT SINGLE UP/DOWN VOICE LINK UPDATE WITH VOICE 

RECEIVED DATA 

50 

ABOVE, PLUS: LOSS OF ALL PROPELLANT, CREW RETURNS WITH 

OR LOSS OF ALL POWER, OR LOSS OF ALL TAKE IN GEMINI B 0* 

CRYO, OR LOSS OF ALL STABILIZATION 

AND CONTROL, OR LOSS OF OPTICS 

* DEPENDENT ON TIME OF FAILURE 

t 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
VEHICLE RELIABILITY COMPARISONS 

SUBSYSTEM 

AM _ M/ AM 

EPS .998 . 999 

EC/LS . 999 . 994 

CRY() .:999 .999 

ACTS - P . 996 . 996 

ACTS - E .995 .999 

COMMUNICATIONS .960 .999 

COMPUTER .985 . 985 

MALFUNCTION CORRECTION/CONTROL . 940 . 992 

STRUCT/RADIATOR .999 .999 

LABORATORY VEHICLE SEGMENT . 880 . 970 

MISSION MODULE . 920 

830/. 869(1) SUPPORT MODULE 

GEMINI B . 990 

TOTAL . 730/. 765(1) . 883 

(1) REDUNDANT V/R SENSORS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR Systems Applications RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 J. 8/4/66 

-41 1 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

V 
3E REIT SPECIAL HANDLING 

MAN'S CRITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIGH 

RESOLUTION PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE 

O EXAMINATION OF TARGETS FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

O WEATHER AVOIDANCE 

O WEATHER VERIFICATION 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

ty

RELEASE 1 JU 1-al c 

WHS-056 

ef 

-3helit-LPT-SPECIAL HANDLING 
ATS OPTICS 

A 

IN 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

CONCEPT OF MANNED EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

tei 

WHS-056 

MAIN OPTICS mit, 

ATS OPTICS 

0 IF EITHER ALTERNATE HAS ACTIVE INDICATORS, TAKE IT 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

144e WHS — 056 

ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION AND SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SEQUENCE 

TIMES (SEC. ) 10 

1,—. 42 DISTANCE (N. MI. ) 

+ 36 

I 2. 5 14. 3 el-4-- 5. 2 

10.5 fr12.5 22 

+ 1 1 +4° ' L 

-20° 

ACQUIRE-' 

NOTE 

I END 

1 STEREO 

1 

WORST CASE - STEREO 

CAN START ANYWHERE 

FROM +20° TO -5° 

(+20° TO -20° AVAILABLE) 

80 N. MI. 

-'15'neft•E-T- SPECIAL HANDLING 

DECIDE - 

START — 

\ SETTLE 

I -START 

STEREO 
-S'reft-ENip- SPECIAL HANDLING 

100 

I 1 1 I 

7 8 9 10 12 

-S.Ftperlit-rb-T- SPECIAL HANDLING 

30 - 

20 

15 

ACQUISITION/ TRACKING TELESCOPE 

CAPABILITIES 

REQUIRED MAGNIFICATION 

60 - 

50 - 

40 - 

10 

9 -1 

8 - 

7 

6 - 

5 - 

1.0 1.1

5 1 2 3 4 5 

FIELD OF VIEW-, N. MI. 

- 

- 8 

- 9 

- 10 

-2.0 

- 30 

_ 40 

- 50 

-60 

-70 

_80 

- 90 

6 

OBJECT SIZE •-■ FEET 

WHS -056 

11. 

- 3 

- 4 

- 5 

- 6 

7 

- 8 

- 9 

-10 

20 

+-30 

G

ROUND RESOLUTION (

FEET) 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JUL 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET GPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 056 

1 3 

MANNED ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION 

TYPICAL TIMELINE 

PRIMARY ATS 

(CREWMAN #1) 

MAIN 

OPTICS 

SECONDARY ATS 

(CREWMAN #2) 

Judge .{. 7() ) Judge 

/ / 

',-_,) 

. crl 

r...., 

,////,/./,/•/ 

Judge 

...... /% 

Slew 

Judge 1 i .8

.) Judge 

3 . a) . 

DECISION & 

INTE DICT 

INSERT OUT 

SECONDARY CAMERA 

) 

% 

Settle 

& 

(1.) 

g 

Cd 

H 

0 

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13 (1). 

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Judge 

Slew 

Judge 

3 

,--1 

(/) 

Judge 

3 

-it) tr) Judge 

3 

'(.7) 1

a) Judge 

_ 

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 

TIME IN SECONDS 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/6/66 

—0 

-1 X 

10 SEC 

X 

NRO APPROyFD FOR 

RELEASE 1ULY 2015 

lr.:1 • ,. 

ROLL 

ANGLE 

3BelitE12-3PECIAL HANDLING 4

SECTION OF TYPICAL SIMULATION RUN 

10° 20° 30° 40° 

A 

x 

• xPx 

x • 

x

A 

x 

xx 

KEY TO PHOTOGRAPHS 

P - PROGRAMMED 

X - POTENTIAL SPECIAL (. 7) 

• - NOT SPECIAL (. 3) 

v 

JUDGED BY CREWMAN #1 

JUDGED BY CREWMAN #2 

cncnra SPECIAL HANDLING 

- 

A - 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

EEC= SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

I 5 

PROGRAMMED TARGETS PER DAY 

a 3-DAY RUNS 

EXAMINATION TIME, SECS. 

10 6 4 

PRIMARY OPTICS 156 156 156 

ACQUISITION SCOPE #1 67 113 

ACQUISITION SCOPE #2 51 84 

ACQUISITION SCOPES #1 and #2 118 160 197 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

7 L 
• SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH OCCURRENCES 4. 8 

3_2 

8.0 

8. 0 

3. 3 

HANDLED BY CREW 

RETAINED PROGRAMMED 

TOTAL MANNED 

O MANNED IMPROVEMENT FACTOR = 2. 4 

NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

ercitra SPECIAL HANDLING 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE ANALYSIS 

WHS-056 / 4" 

O 50% AVERAGE VISIBILITY 

• PHOTOGRAPHS ARE STEREO PAIRS 

• 1. 5 PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPH REDU 

AUTOMATIC MODE 

• 156 PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 156 X O. 50 = 78 CLEAR PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 78 X 0. 70 = 54.6 POTENTIALLY 

SPECIAL CLEAR PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 54. 6 X 0. 06 = 3. 3 CLEAR SPECIAL 

PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER DAY 

• 70% OF PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

ARE POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

• 6% OF POTENTIALLY SPECIAL ARE IN 

FACT SPECIAL 

O 160 X 0. 50 = 80 POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS JUDGED CLEAR 

O 80 X . 06 = 4. 8 CLEAR SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS PER DAY 

HANDLED BY CREW 

CTION FACTOR FOR INTERDICTION OF PROGRAM 

MANNED ACTIVE INDICATOR MODE 

O 160 POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY HANDLED BY 

CREW 

• 4. 8 X 1. 5 = 7. 2 PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS LOST DUE TO 

INTERDICTION 

156 -7. 2 = 148.8 RETAINED PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

148. 8 • X 3. 3 = 3. 2 CLEAR SPECIAL 156. 0 PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER DAY 

O CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY WITH CREW PARTICIPATION = O. 50 (156 -7. 2) + 4. 8 = 79. 2 

-,S.F.GAT&Z. SPECIAL HANDLING 

j 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

0E SE 1 JULY 2015 

-8•BeRteT–SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-05..6 

• 1? 

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE COMPARISON FOR EILGIT DENSITY TARGET AREAS 

• 30% CLOUD COVER • 0.09 INCIDENCE OF ACTIVE INDICATOR 

I ACTIVE INDICATOR TARGET 4 ACTIVE INDICATOR TARGETS 

- -- MANNED 

— UNMANNED 

50 

5 

29 

5 74 

L NUMBER OF CLEAR 

PHOTOGRAPHS OF 

"OTHER" TARGETS 

16 

I-4 1.0 

cd 

t3 . 8 69 

P. .‘< 

" 

.6

O 39/ 

>4= 

L-40. .4 zy 

.210/ 

00 

as 

116 

66 

as 

10 20 30 0 10- 20 

NO. OF FLIGHTS NO. OF FLIGHTS 

0 1 2 3 4 

■ 

7. 

I I 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

YEARS YEARS 

Trn'ftelf..-. SPECIAL HANDLING 
SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -056 

Page 18 

WEATHER AVOIDANCE 

• IF PRIMARY COVERED AND ALTERNATE CLEAR, SWITCH TO ALTERNATE 

'SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JU Y 2n15 
-19E-eik-Er-T- SPECIAL HANDLING 

.WEATHER AVOIDANdF' 

WHS -056 

PRIMARY 

ALTERNATE 

• IF PRIMARY COVERED AND ALTERNATE CLEAR, SWITCH TO ALTERNATE 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-FrE-C-R-E"P SPECIAL HANDLING 

141 

WEATHER DISTRIBUTION 

PERCENT NO. OF EFFECTIVE 

VISIBILITY CASES VISIBILITY 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

PERCENT VISIBILITY 

0 760 0 

1-10 348 19 

11-20 156 24 

21-30 114 29 

31-40 92 33 

41-50 161 73 

51-59 20 11 

60-69 90 ,", n 

70-79 

80-89 110 100 

90-99 324 310 

100 794 794 

3,113 1,555 

1555 - 50% AVERAGE AREA 3113 VISIBILITY 

CECIZET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

.0 

ALTERNATE TARGET DISTRIBUTIONS 

NUMBER 

OF 

ALTERNATES 

FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE 

0 30. 4% 

1 16. 0% 

2 33. 8% 

3 13. 0% 

4 6. 8% 

:SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JUJ. 

WHS-056 

"as 

EFFECTS OF WEATHER AVOIDANCE 

NUMBER OF 

ALTERNATES 

0 

UNMANNED 

SYSTEM 

100% 

AREA TAKE 

(SAME NUMBER 

OF ALTERNATES 

EVERYWHERE) 

58% 

MANNED 

SYSTEM 

30.4% 

1 0 54% 16.0% 

2 0 58% 33. 8% 

3 0 61% 12. 0% 

4 0 62. 5% 6. 8% 

TOTAL AREA TAKE 48% 55. 0% 

MANNED IMPROVEMENT 

RATIO 

.55 

- 1. 15 . 48 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

F. 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
NR ef APPROVED. FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

/ (/ 

CECILET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

aWEATHER VERIFICATION 

MAIN OPTICS 

• IF TARGET IS CLEAR AT TIME OF PHOTOGRAPH, COUNT IT DOWN, 

3FCRET SPECIAL HANDLING ■ 
NRC)APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

WEATHER VERIFICATION CONCEPT 

OPERATING CONCEPT 

TARGET PRIORITY MANNED UNMANNED 

4th 

Closure 

N'-nlc-n2c 

o MUST TAKE 

0- 2 

(IMMEDIATE COVERAGE) 

HIGH PRIORITY 

3- 7 

(IMMEDIATE COVERAGE) 

REPROGRAM EVERY 

ACCESS, ELIMINATING 

VERIFIED TARGETS 

PROGRAM UNTIL GROUND 

VERIFIED, COUNT DOWN 

PRIORITY BY 1/2 

1st 2nd 3rd 

Closure Closure Closure 

N N' N'-nlc 

• LOW PRIORITY 

8 & 9 

(6- MONTH TO YEAR 

C OVERAGE) 

PROGRAM DIFFERENT TARGETS FOR 

EACH ACCESS 

(GROUND VERIFICATION) 

1st 

Closure 

N 

2nd 

Closure 

N'- nlc 

3rd 

Closure 

N'- n2c 

4th 

Closure 

N'-n2c-n3c 

3ECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

IMPROVEMENT BY WEATHER VERIFICATION 

TARGET 

PRIORITY 

"6000" 

DECK 

UNMANNED 

TAKE* 

MANNED 

TAKE* IMPROVEMENT 

0 

1 

0 

0 

-- 

2 59 4 4 0 

3 113 6 6 0 

4 0 - -- 

5 313 26 26 0 

6 615 1 2 100 

7 34 2 2 0 

8 4098 88 98 11. 4 

9 1030 27 29 7.4 

TOTAL IMPROVEMENT 8. 5% 

*TAKE ON REV'S 5, 21 & 37 

REPEATED EACH WEEK 

FOR FOUR WEEKS 

GECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 
NOAPRROVED FOR -

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

..a 

- SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

L 

COMBINED FUNCTION CONSIDERATIONS 

NUMBER WEATHER FUNCTIONS 

OF TARGETS CONDITIONS 

• PRIMARY ALL VERIFICATION (PO) 

• PRIMARY ALL WEATHER AVOIDANCE 

AND 1 ALT. ACTIVE INDICATORS 

VERIFICATION (ATS) 

• PRIMARY CLEAR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

AND 2 ALT. 

CLOUDY ACTIVE INDICATORS 

WEATHER AVOIDANCE 

VERIFICATION (ATS) 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
lib APPROVED FOR 

BELESE A-JULY-2015- - - 

Al) 

MANNED SYSTEM MISSION FLEXIBILITY 

MOL BASELINE 

EDIT AND READ OUT 15 TO 150 HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO PAIRS PER DAY 

ADJUST ORBIT FOR RAPID ACQUISITION AND READOUT IN CRISIS RECONNAISSANCE' 

SITUATIONS 

WITH —3 TO BASELINE 

USE ELINT SYSTEM, TO DF SIGNALS; PROVIDE INDICATIONS OF SITE ACTIVITY 

JUSTIFYING HIGH RESOLUTIONPHOTOGRAPHY, AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE 1011' , 

EXOTIC SIGNALS' - • 

REDUCE DEVELOPMENT RISK AND ACCELERATE SYSTEM MATURITY OF AN ADVANCED 

OPTICAL SENSOR 

IMPROVE COST EFFECTIVENESS 

NON-MILITARY • 

* ACQUIRE ASTRaNOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PLANETS AND 15 MAGNITUDE STARS 

AT'0.1 TO 0.2 SECONDS RESOLUTION 

WITH CHANGE IN BASELINE, DETECT AND PHOTOGRAPH ASTRONOMICAL SOURCES OF. 

ULTRA VIOLET 

ltfeftn` SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

-mem', SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

WHS-056 a.? 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

MOL (M/AM, AM) COMPARISON WITH UNMANNED SYSTEM 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NR APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 056 

2 

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE TAKE PER FLIGHT 

(EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS FUNCTION) 

M/AM AM WHOLLY 

MANNED UNMANNED UNMANNED 

MISSION DESIGN LIFE 30 65 35 

MEAN MISSION DURATION 28 45 27 

CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 2,218 3, 510 2, 110 

CLEAT? 0:CIAL 224 149 90 

.GRAPHS 

ADDITIONAL TARGETS 2, 106 

EXAMINED BUT NOT 

PHOTOGRAPHED 

TOTAL TARGETS EXAMINED 4, 324 - 

AND PHOTOGRAPHED 

3,510 2, 110./ 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3ECIZET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-456 

EARLY TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE TAKE 

(EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATOR FUNCTION) 

MOL BASELINE PROGRAM* WHOLLY UNMANNED 

(3 M/AM & 2 AM**) 

NO. OF FLIGHTS 5 10 13 

SUCCESSFUL DAYS ON ORBIT 174. 162 243 

CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 13, 640 12, 660 18,990 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 840 540 810 

ADDITIONAL TARGETS 4, 210 

EXAMINED BUT NOT 

PHOTOGRAPHED 

TOTAL TARGETS 17, 850 12, 660 18, 990 

PHOTOGRAPHED 

AND EXAMINED 

* ASSUMES EQUIPMENT FAILURES ON ONE MANNED FLIGHT MAKING TAKE EQUIVALENT 

TO A 28 DAY AM. 

*1; AM FLIGHTS ARE ASSUMED TO BE 65 DAY MDL WITH 45 DAY MMD. 

FECILET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

ODCRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

COMPARISON OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS 

WHS- 056 

6 

SCHEDULE - LAUNCHES COSTS - MILLIONS 

CALENDAR YEAR 1969 1970 1971 1972 

MOL BASELINE PROGRAM 

WHOLLY UNMANNED 

PROGRAM 

AA A AAAA $1, 784 

$1, 120 - $1,255 

MANNED AUTOMATIC 

UN MANNED AUTOMATIC 

WHOLLY UNMANNED 

A 

x 

\44'.....gar■rws.rwemsameemelmrwa son■ow. ... 

DCIlET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 056 

I 

COST SUMMARY 

MOL BASELINE 

PROGRAM WHOLLY UNMANNED 

$1. 784 $1. 12 

(10 LAUNCHES) 

EARLY DEVELOPMENT 

COST (BILLIONS) 

FOLLOW- ON RECURRING 

COST PER FLIGHT 

(MILLIONS) 

M/AM AM 

$86. 8 $67. 0 

$45. 0 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
O APPROVED FOR 

Ittr21115- 

mis 6 

CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 594. 624 

.COSTS PER YEAR (MILLIONS) $268 $315 

—1960HOP - SPECIAL HANDLING 

MEAR PHOTOGRAPH TAKE PER. YEAR - MATURE SYSTEMS 

• 

AM WHOLLY UNMANNED 

ImAgitol?LzGHTs 4 7 

SUCCESSFUL DAYS ON ORBIT 180 189 " 

CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 14,040 14,770 

TOTAL COST 

DEVELOPMENT 1,784. 1,120 

4 YEARS OPERATION „1,072 mall•••••••••■•••••■ 

_I it 260 

2,856 2,380 

-60OHNT— SPECIAL HANDLING. 
WHS-056 

33 - SPECIAL HANDLING 

CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE PR YEAR - MATURE SYSTEMS 

(EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATOR FUNCTION). 

110 

NUMBER OF FLIGHTS 

SUCCESSFUL. DAYS ON ORBIT 

CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 

CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 

ADDITIONAL TARGETS EXAMINED 

BUT NOT PHOTOGRAPHED . 

TOTAL TARGETS EXAMINED 

AND PHOTOGRAPHED 

1,784 

1,392 

TOTAL COST 

DEVELOPMENT 

4 YEARS OPERATION 

‘) 

- SPECIAL HANDtING. 

rmavalawd~Pear0s0.0govara.~~01P4korswoonove.itaos. 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

. EASE-1 JULY 

M/AM . 'WHOLLY UNMANNED 

4.• 10 

112 270 

8,872 21,100 

896 900 

8,424 

17,296 21,100 

COST PER YEAR (MILLIONS) $348 $450 

3,176 

1,255 

. 1,800 

3,055 
• 

WHS -056 

34f 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

lit-EASE 2015 

41J 

.- SPECIAL HANDLING 

'CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE PER YEAR - MATURE SYSTEMS 

(EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATOR AND WEATHER FUNCTIONS1 

M/AM WHOLLY UNMANNED 

NUMBER OF FLIGHTS 4 11 

SUCCESSFUL:DAYS ON ORBIT 112 297 

CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 10,960 23,210 

CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 996 990 

ADDITIONAL TARGETS EXAMINED 

BUT NOT PHOTOGRAPHED 8,424 

TOTAL TARGETS EXAMINED 

AND PHOTOGRAPHED 19,384 23,210 

COSTS PER YEAR (MILLIONS) $348 $495 e, 

TOTAL COST ($M) 

DEVELOPMENT 1,784 1,255 

4-YEARS OPERATION 1,392 1,980 

3,176 3,235 

SPECIAL HANDLING. 

'"*"*4114"a'i".".""0",044040644,401,1 ' ••••••~..1."Vg0F4•1.9.A•9,000.7.0104,44.00,•••14.44:7.0.9o..........s■Ph•••11%.:WK.:*".1.74••*.•=r4.6~4mou. 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 f 

--SEAR-E-T-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-056 

35 

SUMMARY 

WHOLLY UNMANNED DEVELOPMENT FEASIBLE 

THE MOL PROGRAM PROVIDES EARLIEST: 

LOW RISK DEVELOPMENT OF MATURE AUTOMATIC AND MANNED/AUTOMATIC 

CONFIGURATIONS 

QUANTITY RETURN OFIITECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE 

FOLLOW-ON FLIGHTS BASED ON MOL DEVELOPMENT: 

PROVIDE OPTIONS FOR ANY DESIRED MIX OF M/AM - AM CONFIGURATIONS 

AUTOMATIC -- MOST CLEAR PHOTOS 

MANNED/AUTOMATIC -- HIGHEST INTELLIGENCE VALUE 

RESULT IN COST EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING