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1' SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025 

Copy 

Pages 

7 June 1966 

MOL MANNED SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
R0 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE I JULY 2015 • 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WM-025-1 

BASIC MOL PROGRAM PLAN 

SCHEDULE 

CY I 1966 I 1967 I 1968 1 1969 1 1970 1971 

PRE-MOL 

BASIC MOL 

FUNDING 

FY 

BASIC MOL 

(MILLIONS OF $) 

1967 I 1968 I 1969 1970 

330. 5 552. 6 456. 5 292. 0 

.47 

-4s• 4s• 

A • • • a 

<)/ A,/ .NY 

'S l•-• 

1971 TOTAL 

119.6 1,751. 4 

JECRET SPECIAL HANDLING _,) 
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RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025- la 

BASIC MOL PROGRAM PLAN 

THE FIRST SECTION OF THIS BRIEFING IS ADDRESSED TO 

THE BASIC MOL PROGRAM PLAN AND THE CAPABILITIES 

ASSOCIATED WITH IT. AS YOU KNOW, THE PRESENT PLAN INVOLVES THREE MANNED FLIGHTS TO DEVELOP THE MANNED 

AND AUTOMATIC MODES WITH TWO SUBSEQUENT UNMANNED 

FLIGHTS TO DEMONSTRATE THE AUTOMATIC MODE CONFIGURATION. THE TOTAL COSTS FOR THE BASELINE PROGRAM 

ARE ESTIMATED TO BE $1. 7 BILLION. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
TOE. 

• 

1 

X 

EP 

• • 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

AUIS-025-2 

MOL BASELINE OPERATION 

WORKCYCLE FOR A NORMAL DAY 

MISSION DURATION - 30 DAYS 

ORBIT: 80°i, 80/180 

SUBCYCLE 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

P/L ACTIVITY 

AREAS 

CREW REQ'D 

FOR P/L OPS 

READOUT 

CREW #1 R T/SLEEP 

)NIT( — — 

TO GO ANOTHER DAY 

CREW #2 V H. Mb 

DECISION 

R P YLOAD OPERATIONS RE T/SL 

DAILY SEQUFNCE LOAD + 

• • UPDATE EPHEMERIS 

(+ WEATHER, TARGET CHANGES?) 

TRACKING STATIONS • • 

SECRET SPECIA HANDLI/IG 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JU[4.Y...2(115 

Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 5-26-66 
NR&APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS - 0 25 -2a 

MOL BASELINE OPERATION 

WORKCYCLE FOR A NORMAL DAY 

THE CREW WORKCYCLE FOR A NORMAL DAY IS SHOWN 

HERE. BOTH CREWMEN WILL BE FULLY OCCUPIED ON THE 

ACQUISITION AND TRACKING SCOPES AT ALL TIMES OVER THE 

TARGET AREAS. THIS REPRESENTS VERY BRIEF BUT INTENSIVE 

CREW ACTIVITY. BETWEEN TIMES OVER THE TARGET CERTAIN 

PHOTOGRAPHS WILL BE PROCESSED, EDITED AND READ TO THE 

GROUND. A VERY REASONABLE SLEEP, WORKCYCLE HAS BEEN 

DEFINED FOR BOTH CREWMEN, WITH LITTLE OVERLAP IN 

SLEEPING TIMES. CONSIDERABLE TIME IS AVAILABLE FOR VEHICLE 

SUBSYSTEMS MONITORING AT TIMES BEFORE AND AFTER THE TARGET 

PASSES. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

CLO - 6/2/66 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-3 

CREW CONTRIBUTIONS TO MOL PROGRAM 

• REDUCE EARLY DEVELOPMENT RISK 

ACCELERATE SYSTEM MATURITY 

• ENHANCE TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE RETURN 

• INCREASE MISSION FLEXIBILITY 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
—SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS - 0 25 -3a 

CREW CONTRIBUTION TO THE MOL PROGRAM 

THE PRESENCE OF A MAN IN THE MOL SYSTEM IS 

EXPECTED TO YIELD DRAMATIC RETURNS IN THE AREAS 

OF EARLY SUCCESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM; IN 

THE ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE RETURN; AND THROUGH INCREASED GROWTH AND MISSION 

FLEXIBILITY. 

SECR7T SPECIAL HANDLING 

APPROVED FOR 

SE 1 JULY 2015 
X

0 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

CLO 5-26-66 

FUNDAMENTAL MANNED FUNCTIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT 

OF MOL SYSTEM RELIABILITY 

O TROUBLE SHOOTING 

O MANUAL OVERRIDE 

O MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT, AND REPAIR 

O BACKUP FAILED SUBSYSTEMS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

WHS -025-4 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

- SPECIAL HANDLING 

MISSION P/L DEVELOPMENT RISK 

HARDWARE REQUIRING NEW DEVELOPMENT 

O ACROSS FORMAT IMC 

O V/H SENSOR 

O DATA READOUT 

O MIRROR DRIVE SERVOS 

O ACQUISITION/ TRACKING SCOPE 

O THERMAL DOOR ASSEMBLY 

O DRV LAUNCHER 

O MIRRORS 

O SENSOR STRUCTURE 

ADAPTATION OF EXISTING COMPONENTS 

O COMPUTE R 

O STAR TRACKER 

O DATA RE -ENTRY VEHIC LE 

O C ONSOLES / DISPLAYS / INS T RU ME NT ATION 

O THERMAL CONTROL 

O MM STRUCTURE 

ODCRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

WM-025-8 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

1 E1:EASE 1 JULY 2015 

SEErit-E-T—,SPECIAL HANDLING WHS - 0 25 -4a 

FUNDAMENTAL MANNED FUNCTIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT 

OF MOL SYSTEM RELIABILITY 

THE DESIGN OF THE MOL SYSTEM IS EVOLVING TO TAKE 

MAXIMUM ADVANTAGE OF THE PRESENCE OF MAN TO CONTINUE 

THE MISSION IN THE EVENT OF EQUIPMENT FAILURE. THIS WILL 

BE EFFECTED IN TWO MAJOR WAYS. ONE IS TO PROVIDE ACCESSIBILITY OF EQUIPMENT WHEREVER PRACTICABLE, TO PERMIT 

TROUBLE SHOOTING, MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR 

OF FAILED EQUIPMENTS. THE OTHER IS TO PROVIDE CAPABILITIES 

FOR SWITCHING AND MANUAL OVERRIDE AND TO PLACE THE MAN 

IN THE OPERATIONAL LOOP TO BACK UP FAILED SUBSYSTEMS. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

CLO - 6/6/66 O APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 

--eBeftliFF-SPECIAL HANDLING 

wHs_ 025-5 

MAN INCREASES PROBABILITY OF MISSION SUCCESS 

• QUICKLY SENSING AND REACTING TO UNEXPECTED FAILURE MODES 

• SELECTIVELY INSTALLING SPARES 

• REPLACING ANY OF A LARGE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS 

(USING HIMSELF AS A MULTI-PURPOSE SPARE IN BACK-UP MODE) 

• SENSING INCIPIENT FAILURE AND TAKING ALTERNATIVE STEPS PRIOR TO THE 

FAILURE OCCURRING (AND PERHAPS CASCADING INTO OTHER SUBSYSTEMS 

• DETERMINING WHERE OR WHAT FAILURE ACTUALLY IS 

(NOT JUST SYSTEM, WHICH IS INSTRUMENTED, BUT AT PART LEVEL) 

• IMMEDIATELY ESTABLISH ALTERNATIVE BACK-UP MODE TO PERMIT CONTINUED 

OPERATION, OR DEGRADED PERFORMANCE, OR MAINTENANCE 

• INTERCHANGING PARTS TO RESTORE OPERATION OF FAILED EQUIPMENT . 

• ADAPTATION OF ITEMS ON HAND TO PERMIT OPERATION WITH PART NOT 

INTENDED AS SPARE OR ALTERNATIVE 

• TROUBLE SHOOTING WITH SIMPLE TEST EQUIPMENT 

• DIRECT OBSERVATION AND REPORTING OF FAILURE MODES 

—FrEFGRFA-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CI;CRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-5a 

MAN INCREASES PROBABILITY OF MISSION SUCCESS 

SHOW N HERE ARE A HOST OF SPECIFIC M ANNED 

FUNCTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN DEFINED TO KEEP A 

MISSION GOING BY W ORKING AROUND EQUIPMENT FAILURES. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

NRO APPROVED FOR FWB - 5/26/66 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

• CONTINUE ANALYSIS UTILIZING 

SPECIALIZED MANPOWER. DEFINE 

PRIORITY ORDER OF CORRECTIVE 

ACTIONS ASSESSING RISK. AND 

• ASSESS POSSIBILITIES OF FIX, AVAIL- EXPEDIENCY 

ABLE SPARE, DEGREE OF RISK 

V°.CONFER WITH GROUND AT STATION-CONTACT 

REPORT DETAIL DATA AND PROPOSED ACTION 

• LOCALIZE FAULT AT COMPONENT 

LEVEL (VTVM, CIRCUIT DIAGRAM, 

TEST POINTS) 

FLIGHT CREW ACTIVITIES GROUND SYSTEM ACTIVITIES 

CONCUR WITH CREW DIAGNOSIS AND 

FIX, OR ADVISE OF BETTER ALTERNATIVE, OR REQUEST ADDITIONAL 

MEASUREMENTS 

• MONITOR TO ASSURE TROUBLE • MONITOR BY T/M 

CORRECTED 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

WITS-025-6 

IN-FLIGHT TROUBLESHOOTING 

• ANOMALY DETECTED FROM MONITOR. • DETECT ANOMALY FROM TELEMETRY 

ALARM OR ABNORMAL RESPONSE 

• OBSERVATIONS, SWITCHING, SELECT 

AVAILABLE ALTERNATE OPERATING 

MODE 

• REPORTS TO GROUND AT STATIONCONTACT VERIFIES MALFUNCTION, 

GIVES STATUS 

• INITIATE ANALYSIS OF PROBABLE 

CAUSE (POSSIBLE INSTRUMENTATION 

MALFUNCTION) 

COMPARE T/M DATA WITH CREW 

REPORT MAKE INITIAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION 

• INSTITUTE FIX 
NR9 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-0256a 

IN- FLIGHT TROUBLE SHOOTING 

IN-FLIGHT TROUBLE SHOOTING IS EXPECTED TO BE ONE OF 

THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY SUCCESS AND MATURITY 

OF THE M OL SYSTEM. THE PRESENT SYSTEM IS DESIGNED SO 

THAT MALFUNCTION DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND CORRECTIVE 

ACTION CAN BE DONE IN PARALLEL, BOTH BY THE FLIGHT. CREW 

AND FROM THE GROUND. HOW EVER, AS IN AIRCRAFT EXPERIENCE 

THE TW 0 GROUPS W ORKING TOGETHER AS A TEAM ARE EXPECTED 

TO BE VASTLY MORE EFFECTIVE AT DIAGNOSING AND CORRECTING 

PROBLEMS THAN EITHER W ORKING INDEPENDENTLY. THE RECENT 

XB-70 EXPERIENCE IS A PERFECT CASE IN POINT. A GROUP OF 

EXPERTS W ITH DETAILED SYSTEM DATA AND ANALYSIS AND THROUGH 

REPEATED COMMUNICATIONS W ITH THE PILOTS FINALLY DIRECTED 

THE SHORTING OF TW 0 ELECTRICAL POINTS TO LOW ER THE NOSE 

GEAR, THUS SAVING THE AIRCRAFT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE 

THAT THIS PARTICULAR MALFUNCTION AND ITS MEANS OF 

CORRECTION COULD NOT HAVE BEEN PREDICTED WITH ANY AMOUNT.: 

OF FAILURE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF MALFUNCTIONS_ 
AR

O APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

WHS-025-7 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

LABORATORY MODULE 

SUBSYSTEM LOCATION ACCESSIBILITY E. V. OR I. V. 

1. EPS: 

FUEL CELL UNPRESS. COMP. INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT E. V. 

CRYO TANK/LINES E. V. 

ELECT. CONTR. POWR PRESS. COMP. 75%, COMMONALITY EMPHASIZED I. V. 

UNIT 

DISTRIBUTION 80%, SWING OUT PANELS I. V. 

2. EC/LS: 

FLUID LOOP/ VALVING UNPRESS. COMP. INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT E. V. 

FREON PUMP/MTR, R E E. V. 

MOLECULAR SIEVE PRESS. COMP. 100%, HAS REGEN, CAPAB. I. V. 

FAN 100%, REMOVAL EASY I. V. 

GAS REGULATOR 100%, THOUGH REDUNDANT I. V. 

3. ACTS: 

HORIZ. SEN. HDS. EXTERN. VEH. INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT E. V. 

TCA'S It 11 E. V. 

PROP. TANK/LINES/ UNPRESS. COMP. II E. V. 

VALVES 

GYROS PRESS. COMP. 100%, REMOVAL EASY I. V. 

ELECTRONIC CIRC. 100%, COMMONALITY EMPHASIZED I. V. 

CARDS 

4. COMM/DATA: MGMNT: 

TRANSM/RECVRS It INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT I. V. 

VOICE COMPONENTS II I. V. 

COMPUTER It I. V. 

RECORD/ TELEPR. HEADS II 100%, CLEAN/REPLACE I. V. 

TAPES 11 100%, REPLACE I. V. 

5. INSTR. 

11 SIGNAL COND 100%, CHANNEL SWAPPING I. V. 

SENSORS / DISPLAYS PRESS. & UNPRESS 50%, REDUND/REPL I. V. 

6. STRUCTURE: 

DOOR/SEALS, LATCH EXTR. WALL 100%, REPLACE E. 1/.) 

RADIATOR EXTERN. VEH. INACCESSIBLE, REDUND PATHS E.V.. 
1F20 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -0 25 -7a 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR M AINTENANCE REPLACEM ENT / REPAIR 

LABORATORY MODULE 

AN EVALUATION HAS BEEN MADE OF THE LABORATORY 

MODULE TO ATTAIN A REASONABLE QUANTATATIVE UNDERSTANDING 

OF THE DEGREE OF AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENTS TO THE CREWMEN 

FOR TROUBLE SHOOTING, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT. 

W E FIND THAT TO A GREAT DEGREE AND WHEREVER PRACTICABLE 

THE EQUIPMENTS CAN BE M ADE AVAILABLE TO THE CREW MEN. 

IN GENERAL, W HERE EQUIPMENTS ARE NOT AVAILABLE, IT IS DUE 

TO THE FACT THAT EXTRA-VEHICULAR ACTIVITIES W OULD BE REQUIRED. IN MOST OF THESE CASES, THE ALTERNATIVE HAS BEEN TO 

MAKE THE EQUIPMENTS REDUNDANT. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-SW.C.Paria-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-8a 

MISSION PAYLOAD DEVELOPMENT RISK 

AN EVALUATION OF THE LABORATORY MODULE LEADS TO 

THE CONCLUSION THAT IT IS BASED LARGELY ON STATE-OF-THEART DESIGN AND SUBSYSTEMS. THIS IS NOT THE CASE WITH THE 

MISSION M ODULE. ON THE CONTRARY, IT REPRESENTS AN EXTENSIVE ADVANCE IN THE STATE-OF-THE-ART. SHOWN HERE ARE 

THE CONSIDERABLE NUMBERS OF EQITIPM ENTS WHICH REQUIRE 

NEW DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN. ALSO SHOWN ARE MAJOR 

COM PONENTS W HICI4 ALTHOUGH PRESENTLY DEVELOPED, REQUIRE 

ADAPTATION INTO THE SYSTEM . 

—6-N64E14-SPECIAL HANDLING 
CAMERA & FILM HANDLING PRES. COMP' T- AFT 100% 

BULKHEAD 

PRESS. COMPARTMENT 

PRES. COMP' T -CONSOLE 

EXT. BOTTOM SKIN 

PRES. COMP' T -CONSOLE 

60%, SWING OUT PANELS 

251o, SWING OUT PANELS 

0% INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

50%, SWING OUT PANELS 

PRES. COMP' T- CONSOLE 

PRES. COMP' T - CONSOLE 

PRES. COMP' T -BRACKET 

PRES. COMP'T BOTTOM 

I. V. 

I. V. 

I . V. 

E. V. 

I. V. 

I. V. 

I. V. 

I. V. 

I. V. 

E. V. 

E. V. 

E. V. 

E. V. 

E. V. 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

MISSION MODULE 

OPS. REF. & CONTROL 

STAR TRACKER MISSION MODULE 

UPPER SKIN 

RECONN CONSOLES 

ACQN/TRACKING SCOPE 

PICKUP HEADS 

COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM 

DATA READOUT SUBSYSTEM 

PROCESSING 

SCANNER 

DATA RE-ENTRY VEHICLE 

LAUNCHER 

OPTICAL SENSOR 

MIRRORS 

DRIVES 

THERMAL CONTROL 

HEATER BLANKETS 

THERMAL DOOR 

100% 

50%, SWING OUT PANELS 

25%, BUCKET LOAD ACCESS 

50%, DRV LOAD HATCH 

0% INACCESSIBLE 

10%, THERMAL DOOR 

0% INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

50%, IN OPEN POSITION 

0% INACCESSIBLE, REDUNDANT 

ar0 APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

—63L0eitEmil SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-9 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

MISSION PAYLOAD 

SUBSYSTEM LOCATION ACCESSIBILITY E. V. OR I. V. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
—SZCREZ SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-0 25 -9a 

ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

MISSION PAYLOAD 

AS MIGHT BE EXPEC TED THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE 

EQUIPMENTS IN THE MISSION MODULE SEGMENT IS SOMEWHAT 

LESS THAN THAT OF THE LABORATORY. GENERALLY, THE 

MISSION MODULE EQUIPMENTS WHICH WILL BE INSTALLED IN 

THE LABORATORY WILL BE MADE ACCESSIBLE. HOWEVER, 

CERTAIN EQUIPMENTS ARE LOCATED IN AND AROUND THE 

OPTICAL SENSOR AND THEREFORE LARGELY INACCESSIBLE. 

WHERE PRACTICAL, THESE ITEMS WILL BE MADE REDUNDANT. 

HOWEVER, CERTAIN CRITICAL ITEMS, SUCH AS THE FLAT MIRROR 

AND, TO SOME EXTENT ITS THERMAL CONTROL, CANNOT BE MADE 

REDUNDANT AND THEREFORE WILL REQUIRE SPECIAL ATTENTION 

IN DESIGN. 

PECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
Systems Applications Office 

NRO APPROVED FOR 6/6/66 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

WHS-025-10 

cis. bk'k...C.UAL. tiANULAINla 

'BACKUP MANNED MISSION MODES WITH DEGRADED SUBSYSTEMS 

... 

SUBSYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS INOPERATIVE • MANNED BACKUP ACTIVITY 

LEVEL OF DEGRADATION WITH RESPECT TO 

AUTO MODE 

V1H SENSOR, ACROSS FORMAT !MC. STAR 

TRACKER. 

MAN USES ACQUISITION AND 

TRACKING SCOPE NONE 

ABOVE, PLUS: DATA RE-ENTRY VEHICLE/ 

LAUNCHES,, WIDEBAND DATA READOUT 

AS ABOVE, PLUS: MAN 

INFORMS GROUND OF TAKE 

NEGLIGIBLE 

DELAY IN RETURN 

OF FILM 

ABOVE, PLUS: 1 SGLS COMMAND & 

TRACK LINK, 2 FUEL CELLS, 1 CRT° 

TANK, 25.% OF THRUSTERS, AUTO MODE 

AV, 1 COMPUTER, 1 ACQUISITION AND 

TRACKING SCOPE, LAB ATTITUDE 

REFERENCE 

AS ABOVE, PLUS: MAN 

INITIATES POWER-DOWN 

MODE, MANUAL 4 V 

CONTROL, MANUAL 

STABILIZATION CONTROL 

WITH VISUAL REFERENCE 

SMALL 

POSSIBLY REDUCES 

DURATION 

ABOVE, PLUS: ALL COMMUNICATIONS 

EXCEPT SINGLE UP/DOWN VOICE LINK, 

AUXILIARY MEMORY STORAGE 

AS ABOVE, PLUS: OPERATION FROM CUES, ROUGH 

MANUAL ORBIT ADJUSTMENTS 

MODERATE 

SLIGHT REDUCTION 

IN TAKE 

ABOVE, PLUS: LOSS OF ALL PRO- - 

PELLANT, OR LOSS OF ALL POWER, 

OR LOSS OF ALL CRYO, OR LOSS OF 

ALL STABILIZATION AND CONTROL, 

OR LOSS OF OPTICS 

CREW RETURNS WITH TAKE 

IN GEMINI B 

SEVERE 

MAY REQUIRE 

MISSION TERMINATION 

CECII.ET SPECIAL HANDLING 

I 
Ni6 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-10a 

BACK UP MAN MISSION MODES WITH DEGRADED SUBSYSTEM 

SHOWN HERE IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE MAN CAN BACK UP 

MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS TO CONTINUE THE M ISSION IN SPITE OF EQUIPMENT 

FAILURE. THE COM PARISON IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT, 

INITIALLY, THE SYSTEM IS OPERATING IN THE AUTOMATIC MODE. THE 

COLUMN ON THE LEFT INDICATES THE SUBSYSTEMS WHICH MAY FAIL. 

THE CENTER COLUMN INDICATES THE MAN BACK-UP ACTIVITY, AND 

THE RIGHT-HAND COLUMN INDICATES THE EFFECT OF THE FAILURE 

W ITH THE MAN ACTING AS A BACK UP. MOVING DOWN THE LEFT-HAND 

COLUMN, THE FAILURE OF THE SUBSYSTEMS ARE ADDITIVE. THAT IS, 

EACH ROW INCLUDES THE FAILURE IN THAT ROW AND ALL ABOVE. IT 

CAN BE SEEN THAT A MAJOR PORTION OF THE LABORATORY AND 

MISSION MODULE SUBSYSTEMS CAN FAIL WITH ONLY A SLIGHT REDUCTION 

IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM. IN EFFECT, THE PRESENCE OF 

THE MAN AND HIS CAPABILITY TO BACK UP MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS 

SIMPLIFIES THE OVER-ALL SYSTEM IN TERMS OF COMPLETING MISSION 

SUCCESS. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
O APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

CLO - 6/6/66 

—66G144-T--SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-11 

MANNED OPERATIONAL MODES 

• MANNED EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

• MANNED ACQUISITION AND TRACKING 

—9BefeS-T-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRST SPECIAL HANDLING 

MANNED OPERATIONAL MODES 

WHS-025-11a 

WE HAVE DEFINED TWO BASIC MANNED OPERATIONAL MODES FOR THE 

MOL VEHICLE. THE FIRST INVOLVES AUTOMATIC ACQUISITION AND TRACKING 

OF TARGETS IN THE ACQUISITION SCOPES AS WELL AS IN THE PRIMARY OPTICS. 

IN THIS MODE, THE TASK OF CREWMEN IS TO EXAMINE THE TARGETS FOR 

ACTIVITY INDICATORS WHICH SIGNIFY CONDITIONS OF ESPECIALLY HIGH INTELLIGENCE VALUE, SUCH AS A MISSILE ON A STAND, OR SPECIAL VEHICLES OR 

EQUIPMENTS BEING PRESET T. WE WILL DISCUSS THIS CONCEPT IN CONSIDERABLE 

DETAIL. 

THE SECOND MODE IS ONE WITH WHICH WE ARE ALL FAMILIAR SINCE 

IT HAS BEEN, TO DATE, THE PRIMARY MODE DEFINED IN THE BASELINE SYSTEM. 

IN THIS MODE, THE CREWMAN ACQUIRES A TARGET, CENTERS IT IN THE FIELD 

OF VIEW, REDUCES THE IMAGE MOTION, AND EVENTUALLY "HANDS THE 

TARGET" OVER TO THE LARGE OPTICS FOR A PICTURE TAKING SEQUENCE. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
VASPROVED FOR 

E 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

6/6/66 

--SEEMBV-SPECIAL HANDLING 

CONCEPT OF MANNED EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

MAIN OPTICS 

WHS -025-12 

ATS OPTICS 

ATS OPTICS 

• IF EITHER PRIMARY HAS ACTIVE INDICATORS, TAKE IT 

—SEGLIS-7. SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CBCRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-12a 

CONCEPT OF MANNED EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS 

THE BASIC CONCEPT OF CREWMAN EXAMINATION OF TARGETS 

FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS IS THAT THE PRIMARY OPTICS WILL BE 

PROGRAMMED TO OBTAIN TARGETS AUTOMATICALLY AS THOUGH THE 

CREWMEN WERE NOT PRESENT. THE TWO ACQUISITION SCOPES WILL 

ALSO BE PROGRAMMED AUTOMATICALLY TO PERMIT OBSERVANCE OF 

TWO OTHER TARGETS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ONE ASSIGNED TO THE 

PRIMARY OPTICS. THE PRECISION IN POINTING DATA PROVIDED TO THE 

ACQUISITION SCOPE WILL INSURE THAT THE TARGET IS IN THE FIELD OF 

VIEW AND TRACKED WITH PRECISION. THUS, THE ENTIRE TASK OF A. 

CREWMAN WILL BE TO EXAMINE THE TARGET AND MAKE A JUDGEMENT 

AS TO THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ACTIVITY INDICATORS. 

PECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 1 b 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-13 

ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION AND SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SEQUENCE 

10 

TIMES (SEC. ) 

42 

DISTANCE (N. ML ) 

1 2.5 -14-3 +I-- 5.2 

14- 12. 5-)1.4___. 22 10. 5 

+11. +4 L-J 

+ 36 1 

\ I 

\ 1 

\ DECIDE 1I 

ACQUIRE-" 1 

\ START - I 

\ SETTLE 1 i 

NOTE \ 1 

WORST CASE - STEREO 11 CAN START ANYWHERE \ 1 FROM +20° TO -5°

\ I 

(+20° TO -20° AVAILABLE) 

w 50 

LSTART 

STEREO 

-200 

END 

STEREO 

80 N. MI. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-13a 

ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION AND SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC 

SEQUENCE 

ONE OF THE KEY QUESTIONS AS TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CREWMEN IN THE EXAMINATION OF TARGETS FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS IS HOW MUCH 

TIME IS AVAILABLE FOR THE EXAMINATION. TO ESTABLISH THIS TIME WE 

FIRST ASSUME THAT THE PRIMARY OPTICS WILL BE LIMITED TO TAKING 

PICTURES IN THE RANGE OF + 20o

, WITH THE STEREO ANGLE SET AT 15°. 

NEXT, WE ASSUME THAT AT THE TIME OF A DECISION THAT ACTIVE INDICATORS 

ARE PRESENT, THE MIRROR OF THE PRIMARY OPTICS IS AT -20° (AND THE TIME 

TO ROLL THE MIRROR TO THE NEW TARGET DOES NOT CONTROL). THUS, WE 

HAVE THE WORSE CONDITION FOR THE TIME FOR CREWMAN EXAMINATION. 

ALLOWING FOR SLEWING AND SETTLING TIMES OF THE PRIMARY MIRROR AND 

THE TAKING OF A STEREO PAIR AT -5 AND -20 ° °, WE FIND THAT THE CREWMAN 

HAS TEN SECONDS FOR TARGET EXAMINATION. INITIATION OF THE EXAMINATION OCCURS WHEN THE TARGET IS AT +36° AND ENDS AT ABOUT +11°. THE 

TOTAL TIME FOR EXAMINATION AND OBTAINING A STEREO PAIR IS ON THE 

ORDER OF 20-SECONDS. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
6 0 •.-

50 - h 

40 -1 

cl 

,, 15 -, 

0N 

-30 r.1 

,-, to 

-40 H 

cll 10 - U

1.21 

7 I-3 

60 C 0

A 

7 

fil x. .70 "

al 80 

5' 4 

\ - 90 

-,r---7--: r"--"".1 f 1 1 I 1 \ 100 

1. 0 l. 5 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 12 . 

=-. 

FIE.L;D OF 171,11,7— 1 mi. 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

--"L'AeR-Fr-T• SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-14a 

ACQUISITION/TRACKING TELESCOPE CAPABILITIES 

IT APPEARS THAT THE ACQUISITION AND TRACKING SCOPE DESIGN 

WILL PROVIDE THE CAPABILITY OF OBSERVATION AT MAXIMUM 

RESOLUTIONS OF THREE TO FIVE FEET. AT THE MAXIMUM RESOLUTION 

THE FIELD OF VIEW WILL BE OF THE ORDER OF 1°, THE SAME AS THAT 

OF THE PRIMARY OPTICS. AT THIS RESOLUTION IT IS EXPECTED THAT 

OBJECTS OF THE ORDER OF 10 TO 15 FEET MAY BE DETECTED. VARYING 

THE OPTICAL POWER OVER A RANGE OF APPROXIMATELY 50 POWER 

WILL PERMIT MUCH LARGER FIELDS OF ITTE W TO BE SCANNED AT 

CORRESPONDINGLY GROSSER RESOLUTIONS. 

—S'PettLaq"SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 J 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025 -15a 

MANNED ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION MODE 

TYPICAL TIME LINE 

EXCEPT FOR GENERAL CORRELATION IN ROLL ANGLE, IT IS 

EXPECTED THAT THE THREE OPTICAL SYSTEMS WILL BE PROGRAMMED 

ESSENTIALLY INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER. THEREFORE, THE MAIN 

OPTICS WILL BE PROGRAMMED AUTOMATICALLY TO MAXIMIZE THE TAKE 

OF 15° STEREO PAIRS IN THE RANGE OF + 20°. THE TWO ACQUISITION 

SCOPES WILL SIMULTANEOUSLY BE ACQUIRING NEARBY TARGETS FOR 

EXAMINATION AND JUDGEMENT AS TO THE PRESENCE OF ACTIVE INDICATORS. 

AT ANY POINT THAT A CREWMAN MAKES A POSITIVE JUDGEMENT, THE AUTOMATIC MODE IS INTERRUPTED AND THE PRIMARY MIRROR IS SLEWED TO THE 

POSITION OF THE ACQUISITION SCOPE MIRROR. THE PRIMARY OPTICS THEN 

ACQUIRES A 15° STEREO PAIR AND SUBSEQUENTLY RETURNS TO THE NEXT 

TARGET PROGRAMMED IN THE AUTOMATIC MODE. DEPENDING ON THE 

POINT IN THE PHOTOGRAPH-TAKING SEQUENCE, AT WHICH THE PRIMARY 

OPTICS WAS INTERRUPTED, ONE OR TWO OF THE TARGETS ORIGINALLY 

PROGRAMMED FOR THE PRIMARY OPTICS MAY BE LOST. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
O APPROVED FOR 

ASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/6/66 

—See/MT-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025-1e 

100 

SECTION OF TYPICAL SIMULATION RUN 

0

l

o 

ROLL 10° 20° 30° 40° 

ANGLE 

X 

A 

X 

• X 

10 SEC 

ox ox x x x 

. xpx 

x • 

x t 4 >z 

XX 

x 

>e<X X KEY TO PHOTOGRAPHS 

P - PROGRAMMED 

X - POTENTIAL SPECIAL (. 

• - NOT SPECIAL (. 3) 

P 

- JUDGED BY CREWMAN #1 

- JUDGED BY CREWMAN #2 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 

N R Ps PE R 10 

JULY

t,A VEFOR f 2cI 

i ie. 0 

 5 

— / 906.1414*-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025 -15 

MANNED ACTIVE INDICATOR EXAMINATION MODE 

TYPICAL TIMELINE 

Judge 

Slew 

Judge 

/ / Judge / 

"; 

3 0 

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Judge Judge 

SlewI 

.... 

DECISION & 

INTERDICT 

1 SECONDARY CAMERA 

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Judge 

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Judge 

PRIMARY ATS 

(CREWMAN #1) 

MAIN 

OPTICS 

SECONDARY ATS 

(CREWMAN #2) 

5 '10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 

TIME IN SECONDS 

—Melt:ET-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE I JULY 2015 

CECILIA' SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025 

Copy 

Pages 

7 June 1966 

OTHER MISSION CAPABILITIES OF MOL BASELINE SYSTEM 

BASELINE CAPABILITY 

MOBILE LAND TARGETS 

MARS SURFACE SURVEY AT 50 N. MI. RESOLUTION 

BASELINE CAPABILITY WITH ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

ELINT 

SHIP DETECTION AND HRO PHOTOGRAPHS 

ASTRONOMY 

—956-RE-T SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CEICIMT SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-16a 

SECTION OF TYPICAL SIMULATION RUN 

SHOWN HERE IS A SAMPLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TARGETS IN THE 

6,000 TARGET DECK USED IN THE ANALYSIS. THE VERTICAL LINE INDICATES 

THE GROUND TRACE OF THE ORBITING VEHICLE. THE ROLL ANGLE REQUIRED 

TO ACQUIRE THE TARGET IS PLOTTED AT THE TOP OF THE CHART. THE 

TARGETS MARKED "P " ARE THOSE FOR WHICH THE PRIMARY OPTICS WAS 

AUTOMATICALLY PROGRAMMED. THE TRIANGULAR AND CIRCULAR TARGETS 

WERE PROGRAMMED FOR THE INDIVIDUAL CREWMEN. IT CAN BE SEEN THAT 

THEY WERE CHOSEN SO AS TO MINIMIZE THE ROLL ANGLE BETWEEN THE PRIMARY 

OPTICS AND THE ACQUISITION SCOPE TARGETS THUS MINIMIZING THE TIME FOR 

CREWMAN REPROGRAMING. SEVEN TENTHS OF THE TARGETS IN THE SAMPLE 

ARE MARKED AS CROSSES INDICATING THEIR POTENTIALITY FOR HAVING ACTIVE 

INDICATORS. ANY OF THESE ARE, THEREFORE, POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR THE 

ACQUISITION SCOPE. IT CAN BE SEEN THAT IN HIGH DENSITY TARGET AREAS 

THAT MORE TARGETS EXIST THAN CAN BE HANDLED IN THE TIME OVER TARGET. 

THE REMAINING THREE TENTHS OF THE TARGETS ARE DOTTED INDICATING NO 

POTENTIALITY FOR THE PRESENCE OF ACTIVE INDICATORS. THEY ARE THEREFORE TARGETS WHICH ONLY WOULD BE PROGRAMMED FOR THE PRIMARY OPTICS. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
MEAPsPER10 VjuELDyF2075 

• 50% CLOUD COVER 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-17 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE ANALYSIS 

• 70% OF PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

ARE POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

• PHOTOGRAPHS ARE STEREO PAIRS • 6% OF POTENTIALLY SPECIAL ARE IN 

FACT SPECIAL 

• 1. 5 PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPH REDUCTION FACTOR FOR INTERDICTION OF PROGRAM 

AUTOMATIC MODE 

• 93 PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 93 X O. 50 = 46. 5 CLEAR PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 46.5 X 0.70 = 32.5 POTENTEALLX 

SPECIAL CLEAR PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS / DAY 

• 32.5 X 0.06 = 1. 95 CLEAR SPECIAL 

PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER DAY 

MANNED ACTIVE INDICATOR MODE 

• 111 POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

• 111 X 0. 50 = 55.5 POTENTIALLY SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS JUDGED CLEAR 

• 55. 5 X 0.06 = 3. 33 CLEAR SPECIAL 

PHOTOGRAPHS PER DAY 

• 3. 33 X 1. 5 = 5. 0 PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS LOST DUE 

TO INTERDICTION 

• 93 - 5 = 88 RETAINED PROGRAMMED 

PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY 

88 

• irs X 1. 95 = 1. 85 CLEAR SPECIAL 

PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER DAY 

• CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS/DAY WITH CREW PARTICIPATION 4221 + 3. 33 1. 5 X 3. 33]_ 47. 3 

• 

• 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH OCCURRANCES 

MANNED IMPROVEMENT FACTOR + 5. 18 

3. 

+1. 

33 

85 

HANDLED BY CREW 

RETAINED PROGRAMMED 

5. 18 TOTAL MANNED 

- 2. 65 1.95 

-43LPettrir SPECIAL HANDLING 
N 0 APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 J \ , 

"SeeitEFF- SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-17a 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH-TAKE ANALYSIS 

SHOWN HERE ARE THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE MANNED 

EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS OPERATIONAL MODE. THE RESULTS ARE 

FOR A TYPICAL OPERATIONAL DAY AGAINST THE 6,000 TARGET DECK USING THE 

APPROPRIATE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRIMARY OPTICS AND THE 

ACQUISITION SCOPES. ON THIS PARTICULAR DAY, THE PRIMARY OPTICS WAS 

PROGRAMMED AGAINST 93 TARGETS AND INCLUDING THE 50% WEATHER FACTOR 

RETURNED 46.5 CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS. OF THESE 32.5 WOULD BE POTENTIALLY 

ACTIVE YIELDING 1.95 CLEAR, SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS. ON THE SAME DAY IT 

WAS FOUND THAT THE TWO ACQUISITION SCOPES COULD BE PROGRAMMED AGAINST 

111 POTENTIALLY ACTIVE TARGETS. OF THESE, 55.5 WOULD BE EXPECTED TO 

BE CLOUD FREE AND 3.33 CLEAR, SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS WOULD BE TAKEN. 

ASSUMING 1.5 PRE-PROGRAMMED TARGETS TO BE LOST FOR EACH CREW -

PROGRAMMED TARGET, FIVE PROGRAMMED PHOTOGRAPHS WOULD BE LOST IN 

THE DAY. THE NET EFFECT OF THIS IS TO REDUCE THE EXPECTED RETURN 

OF SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE AUTOMATIC MODE FROM 1.95 TO 1.85 -

A NEGLIGIBLE AMOUNT. THE NET CHANGE IN THE CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS IS 

NEGLIGIBLE, THE LOSS IN PRE-PROGRAMMED TARGETS BEING ESSENTIALLY 

BALANCED BY THE INCREASE IN CREW PROGRAMMED TARGETS. THE NUMBER 

OF CLEAR, SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS RETURNED DUE TO CREWMEN PARTICIPATION 

IS INCREASED BY A FACTOR OF 2. 65 OVER THE PURE AUTOMATIC MODE. 

-£.greparia- SPECIAL HANDLING 
--1-EleR-Z SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025-18 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE PER FLIGHT 

AUTOMATIC MODE MANNED/AUTOMATIC MODE 

(MEAN MISSION (MEAN MISSION 

DURATION = 24 DAYS) DURATION = 28 DAYS) 

CLEAR PROGRAMMED PHOTO- 1, 116 1, 324 

GRAPHS PER FLIGHT 

CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 47 145 

PER FLIGHT 

NOTE: PHOTOGRAPHS ARE STEREO PAIRS 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JUL s 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEAS E 1 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-18a 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPH TAKE PER FLIGHT 

THE TOTAL CLEAR PHOTOGRAPH RETURN PER FLIGHT 

IN THE AUTOMATIC MODE IS VERY NEARLY THE SAME AS THAT IN 

THE MANNED AUTOMATIC MODE, THE SLIGHT REDUCTION BEING 

DUE TO THE REDUCED MEAN MISSION DURATION IN THE CASE OF 

THE AUTOMATIC MODE. THE TOTAL CLEAR,SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER FLIGHT IS RADICALLY DIFFERENT IN THE TWO MODES, 

REFLECTING A MAJOR INCREASE IN THE SPECIALLY HIGH 

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE TAKE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF MAN. 

GEC RE T SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

WHS-025-19 

CI]CRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

DATA READOUT CAPABILITIES 

STATE-OF-THE-ART DIGITAL SYSTEM ALREADY PROGRAMMED 

FOR THE SATELLITE CONTROL NETWORK 

• READ OUT ••■•30 PICTURES/DAY (15 HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO PAIRS) 

• CAPABILITY TO READOUT ALL SPECIAL AND HIGH PRIORITY 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

• PROVIDES APPROXIMATELY ONE DAY SERVICE FROM 

ACQUISITION TO USER 

CEC RET SPECIAL HANDLING 
GEC IIET SPECIAL HANDLING WE'S - 025-19a 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 2015 

DATA READOUT CAPABILITIES 

A DIGITAL READOUT SYSTEM ALREADY PROGRAMMED 

FOR INSTALLATION IN THE SATELLITE CONTROL NETWORK WILL 

BE INSTALLED IN THE BASELINE MOL SYSTEM. IT WILL HAVE A 

CAPABILITY OF READING OUT APPROXIMATELY 30 PHOTOGRAPHS 

PER DAY TO THREE GROUND STATIONS. THUS, ALL OF THE 

SPECIAL itt D HIGH PRIORITY PHOTOGRAPHS MAY BE READ OUT 

TO THE GROUND WITH APPROXIMATELY ONE-DAY SERVICE FROM 

ACQUISITION TO USER. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

WHS-025-20 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

CRISIS RECONNAISSANCE AND MOBILE TARGETS 

IN THE MANNED EXAMINATION FOR INDICATORS MODE 

• DETAILS OF THE STATUS OF MISSILE LAUNCH SITES, AIRFIELDS 

AND OTHER MAJOR MILITARY INSTALLATIONS COULD BE 

ASCERTAINED 

IN SPECIFIED AREAS, THE PRESENCE OF MOBILE MISSILES, 

LAND VEHICLES, TROOPS, SHIPS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT COULD 

BE ASCERTAINED 

• THROUGH THE READOUT SYSTEM, DATA COULD BE MADE 

AVAILABLE TO THE USER ON A DAILY BASIS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JU 

SEC RET SPECIAL HANDLING wHS-025-20a 

CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND TACTICAL TARGETS IN THE MANNED 

EXAMINATION FOR INDICATORS MODE 

IT IS NOT EXPECTED THAT THE MOL SYSTEM WILL IN 

ANY WAY MEET THE TOTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT 

AND TACTICAL SITUATION. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS EXPECTED 

THAT IT WILL PROVIDE A VALUABLE ADJUNCT TO THE TOTAL DATA 

COLLECTED. IN FACT, WHERE SPECIFIC HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS ARE REQUIRED AND FOR POLITICAL OR FORCE I REASONS 

AIRCRAFT ARE DENIED ACCESS IT MAY BECOME ABSOLUTELY VITAL 

IN OBTAINING DATA ON WHICH TO BASE DECISIONS. FURTHERMORE, 

THE READOUT DATA LINK PROVIDES THE MINIMUM ACQUISITION TO 

USER TIME REQUIRED IN SUCH SITUATIONS. 

—43S16-RE-T-- SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPq‘ELFOR 

RELEASE U 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

6/6/66 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 025-21 

ESTIMATE OF EARLY TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE RETURN 

FROM BASIC MOL PROGRAM 

3 M/AM 2 AM 

FLIGHTS FLIGHTS TOTAL 

• TOTAL NUMBER OF CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 3,973 2,232 6,205 

TOTAL NUMBER OF CLEAR, SPECIAL 435 94 529 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

(CONTAINED IN TOTAL PHOTOGRAPHS) 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3EC RET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-21a 

ESTIMATE OF EARLY TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE 

RETURN FROM BASIC MOL PROGRAM 

ASSUMING NO CATASTROPHIC, EARLY FLIGHT FAILURE 

AND USING RELIABILITY FIGURES EXPECTED OF THE MATURE 

FLIGHT SYSTEM, THE EXPECTED NUMBER OF CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS 

AND CLEAR SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ARE SHOWN HERE FOR THE 

FIVE-FLIGHT BASELINE PROGRAM. WITH THESE ASSUMPTIONS, 

THE NUMBERS SHOWN CAN BE CONSIDERED THE UPPER LIMITS OF 

RETURNS TO BE EXPECTED FROM THE BASELINE DEVELOPMENT 

PROGRAM. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

NRO APPROVED FOR FWB - 6/6/66 

, RELEASE 'I JULY 2015 

WHS-025-22 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

BASELINE PROGRAM ATTRIBUTES 

1. EARLY SYSTEM MATURITY AND INTELLIGENCE RETURN 

2. HIGH ACQUISITION RATE AND AVAILABILITY FOR 

SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE PHOTOGRAPHS 

OCRISIS RECONNAISSANCE AND MOBILE TARGET INFORMATION 

3. OTHER MISSION CAPABILITIES 

ASTRONOMY 

4. COULD CARRY ELINT AND SHIP DETECTION SENSORS 

5. SIMPLE GROWTH EVOLUTION TO IMPROVED CAPABILITIES AND 

ECONOMICS 

-SEARE-T-..SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 R ste ROVED FOR 

EL SE 1 JULY 2015 

wHs_025-22 

CECRLIT SPECIAL HANDLING 

BASELINE PROGRAM ATTRIBUTES 

LOW RISK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 

2. EARLY SYSTEM MATURITY AND INTELLIGENCE RETURN 

3. HIGH ACQUISITION RATE AND AVAILABILITY FOR 

• SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE PHOTOGRAPHS 

• CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND TACTICAL SITUATION INFORMATION 

4.: OTHER MISSION CAPABILITIES 

0 

• ASTRONOMY 

5 COULD CARRY ELINT AND SHIP DETECTION SENSORS 

6. SIMPLE GROWTH EVOLUTION TO IMPROVED CAPABILITIES AND 

ECONOMICS 

ESPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-22a 

BASELINE PROGRAM ATTRIBUTES 

IN SUMMARY, THE BASELINE MOL PROGRAM CLEARLY PROVIDES THE 

HIGHEST CONFIDENCE APPROACH TO MEETING THE DORIAN REQUIREMENTS FOR 

GROUND RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. THE EARLY MATURITY AND 

RELIABILITY TYPICAL OF A MANNED SYSTEM CAN BE EXPECTED TO LEAD TO THE 

EARLIEST OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY IN TERMS OF LARGE NUMBERS OF HIGH 

RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS RETURNED. 

THE UTILIZATION OF CREWMEN IN THE EXAMINATION FOR ACTIVE 

INDICATORS WILL LEAD TO A SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED PROBABILITY OF 

PHOTOGRAPHING RARE EVENTS AND SITUATIONS OF PARTICULARLY HIGH INTELLIGENCE VALUE. CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF THIS APPROACH COULD WELL LEAD 

TO A NEW CRITERION ON WHICH TO BASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SATELLITE HIGH 

RESOLUTION OPTICAL SYSTEMS. OPERATING IN THE SAME MODE, THE MOL VEHICLE 

MAY WELL PROVIDE A UNIQUE CAPABILITY TO PROVIDE HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS IN TIMES OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN TACTICAL SITUATIONS. THE COMBINATION OF THESE CAPABILITIES WITH QUICK READOUT TO THE GROUND COULD LEAD TO 

A NEW ERA IN THE COLLECTION OF DATA AND ITS QUICK DELIVERANCE TO THE USER. 

THE BASELINE VEHICLE HAS INHERENT IN IT THE CAPABILITY TO 

OBTAIN HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS AND TO OBTAIN 

ASTRONOMICAL DATA OF MAJOR SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE. 

IF THE SAMPLE ELINT AND SHIP DETECTION SENSORS (TO BE 

DESCRIBED NEXT) ARE DEVELOPED THEY COULD BE CARRIED ON THE BASELINE 

VEHICLE TO AUGMENT THE GATHERING OF INTELLIGENCE DATA. 

THE BASELINE SYSTEM IS CONFIGURED SO AS TO EVOLVE WITH 

MINIMUM CHANGES INTO A FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM WITH VASTLY IMPROVED CAPABILITIES AND ECONOMICS. 
1C5F'PROVED FOR 

ELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

CLO - 6/2/66 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025-23 

.414 

OTHER POSSIBLE 

BASELINE APPLICATIONS 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2n1 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-23a 

OTHER POSSIBLE BASELINE APPLICATIONS 

HAVING CONCLUDED THE DISCUSSION OF 

THE PRIMARY MISSION OF THE MOL PROGRAM, WE WILL 

NOW DISCUSS OTHER POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE 

BASELINE VEHICLE. 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

litEdr SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-24a 

TYPICAL ELINT INSTALLATION 

A RELATIVELY LOW WEIGHT (APPROXIMATELY 

500 LBS) ELINT SENSOR PACKAGE HAS BEEN DEFINED WHICH 

MIGHT BE FLOWN ON ANY ONE OF THE MANNED BASELINE 

FLIGHTS. WITH A LOW DUTY CYCLE OF APPROXIMATELY 

10%, THE AVERAGE POWER REQUIRED IS NOMINAL AS IS 

THE DRAG DUE TO THE ANTENNA. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

ODCRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-43a 

FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM ATTRIBUTES 

THE FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO EVOLVE FROM THE 

BASELINE PROGRAM WITH A MINIMUM OF DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EQUIPMENTS. IT IS ESSENTIAL TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF RESOLUTION 

ON THE GROUND. IN PROVIDING A VEHICLE CONTINUOUSLY ON ORBIT WITH 

MULTI-SENSOR CAPABILITIES IT REPRESENTS A VAST STEP FORWARD IN THE 

COLLECTION AND RETURN OF TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA. THE 

RECYCLE TIME TO PHOTOGRAPH A SPECIFIC TARGET IS LIMITED ONLY BY 

ORBITAL MECHANICS AND THE READOUT SYSTEM RETURNS SPECIAL AND 

HIGH PRIORITY TARGETS ON A DAILY BASIS. THE OPERATIONAL COSTS TO 

RETURN AN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT OF TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA EITHER 

WITH THE BASELINE VEHICLE OR AN UNMANNED VEHICLE WOULD BE FAR 

GREATER THAN THAT OF THE FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM DESCRIBED HERE. 

PECIAL HANDLING 
• DEPLOYABLE LATERAL BOOM (TYP) 

CONTROL CONSOLE (5. 7 FT3) MISSION MODULE 

EGRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

Inas-025-24 

TYPICAL ELINT INSTALLATION 

EXPANDABLE ANTENNA 

3 FT DIA 

SCAN 

ANTENNA 

i 22 f • OPTICAL SENSOR OPENING- . , . 

------------ ' 

LONGLTUDINAL BOOM 

DEPRESS• 15° 

EXTENSION STRUTS 

t■IRO PROVED FOR 

SE 1 JULY 2015 Systems 

5-20-66 

1•1-1' 

INSTALLATION_LEARALLEEMILM 

HARDWARE WEIGHT. 

INCLUDING 8TRUCt Uat-: - 480# 

o POWER PENALTY - 250 WATTS OPERATING, 

25 WATTS AVERAGE 

o DUTY CYCLE -10% ORBITAL DURATION 

o DEPLOYMENT CYCLE - 100% 

o PROPULSION PENALTY - 1 FPS/DAY 

ANTENNA STOWED 

SCAN 

ANTENNA 

STOWED 

CECIIET SPECIAL HANDLING 

:.-14kV6.4,1YOZet ■
DATA BASE 

COLLATERAL/ 

& EOB 

HIGH ACCURACY 

EMITTER POINTING 

-AID OPTICAL TARGET 

CHOICE • 

TARGET DECK 

- LOCATIONS 

- COARSE SIG. DATA 

SIGNAL COLLECTION) 

TI 

-ALL WEATHER/NIGHT 

- LOCATE MOBILE TARGETS -EXOTIC EMITTERS 

-AICBM 

-ASAT 

-SAM 

-NEW R&D 

PREPASS INTERFEROMETE 

CALIBRATION 

BORESIGHT ADJUST 

ANTENNA DEPLOYMENT 

BACK-UP 

OPTIMIZE WIDEBAND TRACE PHOTOGRAPHY 

INTERFERENCE GATING - f, t, 6 , AMPL. 

LOWER S/N FOR GOOD RECORDING (8-10 DB) 

REAL TIME RECORD MODE ACCOMMODATION 

MANNED 

FUNCTIONS 

TI TRANSFER 

DECISION 

APPROVED FOR 

ASE 1 JULY 2015 

MOL ELINT SYSTEM 

"Zo 

T SPECIAL HANDLING 

WHS-OZ5-25 

SPECIAL HANDLING. 

EDITING, COMMENTARY, RECOVERY 

MAINTENANCE CHECK, SPARES USE 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-25a 

MOL ELINT SYSTEM 

THE ELINT SENSOR COULD BE USED TO ACQUIRE 

TARGETS AND ALERT THE CREWMEN TO OBTAIN HIGH RESOLUTION 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

HOWEVER, THE PRIMARY USE OF THE SYSTEM WOULD BE TO ACQUIRE 

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA ON EXOTIC EMITTERS. THE MAN 

WOULD IMPROVE THE INTELLIGENCE DATA THROUGH INTERFERENCE 

GATING ON FREQUENCY, TIME PHASE ANGLE AND AMPLITUDE. HIS 

PRESENCE MAKES POSSIBLE LOW WEIGHT WIDEBAND OSCILLOSCOPE 

TRACE PHOTOGRAPHY AS AN ANALOG DATA RECORDING METHOD. 

SPECIAL HANDLING 
41/

WRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

MOL ELINT SYSTEM 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 

CECILDT SPECIAL HANDLING 

MFRS-025-26 

SIGNAL RECEPTION REQUIREMENTS 

— 150 MC/S TO 10 KMC/S CONTINUOUS COVERAGE 

— SELECTED HIGH PRIORITY BANDS PERMITTED 

— SEARCH OVER 5% BANDS, 2 OR MORE 

SIMULTANEOUSLY 

— SENSITIVITY FOR SIDELOBE INTERCEPT 

— IF BANDWIDTH 1 TO 25 MC/S , SELECTABLE 

— SELECTABLE DEMODULATORS 

— SELECTABLE DISPLAY & RECORD MODES 

DF ACCURACY: 

+2° THROUGHOUT COVERAGE ZONE 

+1° MAXIMUM IN ZONE 20° TO 40° 

FORWARD, FOR TRANSFER OF 

COORDINATES TO ATS 

+1/2° AT 22 1/2° FORWARD FOR 

TRANSFER TO LARGE OPTICS 

DF COVERAGE: 

+75° —25° INTRACK 

+30 CROSSTRACK 

SIGNAL 

ENVIRON. 

PROCESSING .ic.„„t). 

SELECTIONS 

/TARGETING \ 

\ INS T RU C TION§, 

RECEIVERS 

I ANALOG CRT 

DIGITAL 

7— PARAME TER,—.1>71 

1 DISPLAY 

/// 

MAN ) 

CAMERA — READOUT 

OR 

1 RECO VERY 

N. B. 

RECORDER 

SIGNAL 

PROCESSOR 

9Beftel-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET- SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025 -26a 

MOL ELINT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE 

THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO COVER A WIDE FREQUENCY 

RANGE SEARCHING SEQUENTIALLY OVER VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BAND. 

CERTAIN SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNIFICANCE COULD BE SENSED 

SO AS TO ALERT THE CREWMEN TO PERFORM THE REQUIRED FUNCTIONS 

TO MAXIMIZE THE RETURN OF INTELLIGENCE DATA. THE COVERAGE OF 

THE SYSTEM IS WIDE BOTH IN TRACK AND CROSS TRACK; AND THE 

ACCURACY IS SUCH THAT THE TARGET COULD BE ACQUIRED IN THE 

ACQUISITION SCOPE TO OBTAIN HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS IF 

DESIRED. 

3EC RET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NR APPROVED FOR 

SE 1 JULY 2015 

-66641:6-7 SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -02S-27 

MOBILE TARGETS 

-seeitET-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NROAPPROVED FOR 

REk.E'ASE 1 JULY 2015 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-27a 

MOBILE TARGETS 

THE NATURAL EXTENSION OF THE CONCEPT OF 

EXAMINATION OF TARGETS FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS IS TO 

CONSIDER THE PROBLEM OF ACQUIRING AND OBTAINING 

HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS OF MOBILE TARGETS, IT 

IS REASONABLE TO EXPECT THAT, AS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPS, 

MOBILE TARGETS WILL BECOME INCREASINGLY HIGH PRIORITY 

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE TARGETS, 

—6E 64E4- SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO PPROVED FOR 

RE SE 1 JULY 2015 

-8E.GREZ SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-28 

ACQUISITION AND TRACKING OF LAND MOBILE TARGETS 

O GENERAL AREA IN WHICH TO EXPECT MOBILE TARGETS MAY BE KNOWN 

(E. G. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT NEAR AIRFIELDS, TRAINS ON TRACKS, ETC). 

ASTRONAUT REQUIRED TO: 

SCAN AREA AND LOCATE MOBILE TARGETS 

ACQUIRE TARGETS IN F. 0. V. OF BIG OPTICS 

TRACK MOVING TARGETS 

O DATA INDICATES ASTRONAUT CAN SCAN AT LEAST 16 N. M. OF RR TRACK IN 

- 10 SEC AT 3. 5X (1. 3: 1 CONTRAST ) 

O RESOLUTION SERIOSLY DEGRADED IF MOVING TARGET IS NOT TRACKED BY 

ASTRONAUT 

TRAINS, TRUCKS, ETC. 

9 

AIRCRAFT AT 30,000 FT 

BASE RESOLUTION 

10 30 50 70 

SPEED - MPH SPEED-MPH 

386/12E-T-SPECIAL HANDLING 

• 8 

• 7 

z 

0 

I 

6 

0 

fr1 

4 

400 600 800 1000 

= + 10° 

(p• = + 20° 

\----WORST CASE 
NRO'APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

CEC RET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-28a 

ACQUISITION AND TRACKING OF LAND MOBILE TARGETS 

IT APPEARS THAT MANNED OPERATION OF THE ACQUISITION 

AND TRACKING SCOPE MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO ACQUIRING HIGH RESOLUTION 

PHOTOGRAPHS OF LAND MOBILE TARGETS. THE GENERAL AREA IN WHICH 

A SPECIFIC MOBILE TARGET OPERATES MAY BE EXPECTED TO BE KNOWN, 

I.E. , EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT FLYING FROM A GIVEN AIR FIELD, TRAINS 

IN RAIL CENTERS OR ON SIDINGS, OR TANKS AT A PROVING GROUND, 

HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF THEIR MOBILITY IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOW 

WHERE THEY WILL BE AT ANY GIVEN INSTANT. THE REPEATED EXAMINATION OF THE PRESCRIBED AREAS IS ESSENTIAL TO MAXIMIZE THE PROBABILITY 

OF OBTAINING HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. 

IF THE MOBILE TARGETS ARE TRAVELING AT VELOCITIES 

OF THE ORDER OF 50 MPH OR GREATER THE CREWMAN WILL ACTUALLY 

HAVE TO TRACK THE TARGET TO OBTAIN HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NIRO' PROVED FOR 

R L E 1 JULY 2015 

STOWED DEPLOYED FEATHERED 

• 

--81Tett•Fr6F- SPECIAL HANDLING 

DETECTION RADAR SYSTEM INSTALLATION 

BASIC MOL VEHICLE 

WHS -025 -29 

nuemmeireiirscp•tacertopa=rsp2000JIMSSI SIII 

RADAR CAPABILITY INSTALLATION CHARACTERISTICS 

o TOTAL HARDWARE WEIGHT - 387# 

o POWER PENALTY -800 WATTS OPERATING, 

120 WATTS. AVERAGE 

o PROPULSION PENALTY - < 1 . FPS/DAY 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

13Ef;EASE 1 JULY 015 

DETECTION RADAR SYSTEM INSTALLATION BASIC MOL VEHICLE 

ANOTHER FORM OF MOBILE TARGETS IS SHIPS AT SEA. 

A LOW WEIGHT ACQUISITION RADAR (APPROXIMATELY 400 LBS) HAS 

BEEN DEFINED WHICH IS CAPABLE OF DETECTING SHIPS OF THE SIZE 

OF TRAWLERS OR LARGER IN 100 N. MI. SWATH WIDTH. WITH A 

REASONABLE DUTY CYCLE, THE POWER REQUIREMENTS AND INCREASED 

DRAG ARE NOMINAL. THIS SYSTEM COULD BE USED IN AREAS OF 

SPECIAL INTEREST TO ALERT THE CREWMEN TO ACQUIRE SHIPS AND 

OBTAIN HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. 

GEC RE T SPECIAL HANDLING 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-29a 
1114O APPROVED FOR 

IIELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

--seeRget-spEciAL HANDLING WHS-025-30 

ACQUISITION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS OF SHIPS 

• IN REGIONS OF HIGH SHIP DENSITY, ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE AVAILABLE 

SHIPS CAN BE PROGRAMMED FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHY (LOCATIONS 

BASED ON DETECTION RADAR DATA) 

• ASTRONAUTS CAN INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF OBTAINING PHOTOGRAPHS OF 

IMPORTANCE BY: 

SELECTING SHIPS FOR VISUAL INSPECTION BASED ON FORMATIONS, 

BRIGHTNESS, ETC. , SEEN ON RADAR DISPLAY 

PROGRAMMING ACQUISITION SCOPE TO POINT TO SELECTED SHIPS 

EXAMINING SELECTED SHIPS THROUGH SCOPE FOR ACTIVITY INDICATORS 

- SLAVING MAIN OPTICS TO ACQUISITION SCOPE IN THE CASE OF POSITIVE 

INDICATORS 

TRACKING MOVING SHIPS THROUGH MAIN OPTICS TO IMPROVE RESOLUTION 

-6EG/4E4-SPECIAL HANDLING 
-3-E'Erfirtr-S SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025 -30a 

ACQUISITION OF HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS OF SHIPS 

IN REGIONS OF HIGH SHIP DENSITY, ONLY 

A SMALL FRACTION OF AVAILABLE SHIPS COULD BE ACQUIRED 

FOR HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. SHOWN HERE ARE 

SOME OF THE MANNED FUNCTIONS WHICH WOULD MAXIMIZE 

THE RETURN OF DESIRED DATA. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO\APPROVED FOR 

lJtASE 1 JUL 
CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

VHS-025-31 

Systems Applications Office 

6/6/66 NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

--6196WET-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

EEC IIE T SPECIAL HANDLING WM-025-31a 

CEC ILE T SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 5/Z0/66 

A3IMONO?..111 FOTITTITIAL ''''Seeftall• SPECIAL HANDLING 

WHS .425 n32 

MAflI PHOTOGRAPHY. 

o NO MODS 

o PTS FOR INITIAL ACQUISITION - MANNED POINTING THROUGH MAIN OPTICS 

o EXPOSURE TIME .• .004 SEC. 50346 (4404 x) 

o RESOLUTION MOL 50 N. MI. 

GROUND 300 N. MI. 

PROBE . 1 N. MI. 

DISTANT STARS 

o MUST HAVE MODIFICATIONS 

o EITHER MOVABLE PLATE HOLDER AND EYEPIECE OR 

LOCKED OPTICS vaTH CONTROL iv,lortmalT GYROS 

o 'ilOINTING TO .01 SEC. POTENTIAL CONTROL 

o RESOLUTION LIKE . I SEC. (GROUND,LIKE I SEC. ) 

o 22 MAC WITH 50346-20 MIN. EXPOSURE 

o LIMIT MAG 26 •. (20 MIN. EXPOSURE) 

ULTRA-VIOLET (FREQUENCIES CUT OUT BY 03LAYER) 

o ROSS CORRECTOR INTERCHANGE TO QUARTZ 

(2300-3000A, 16004300A) 

o MUST HAVE CONTROL MOMENT GYROS • 

o USE SWR FILMS TO PHOTOGRAPH STARS 

o USE IMAGE CONVERTER ON OPTICS FOR'MANNED POINTING 

&EGA& SPECIAL HANDLING 1D`°
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3ECIUST SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-3 Za. 

ASTRONOMY POTENTIAL 

THE BASELINE MOL SYSTEM COULD BE USED WITH NO 

MODIFICATIONS TO OBTAIN A COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE MARS SURFACE 

AT A RESOLUTION OF 50 NM. WITH SOME MODIFICATIONS TO OBTAIN 

PRECISION POINTING THE MOL SYSTEM COULD BE USED TO OBTAIN 

PHOTOGRAPHS OF DISTANT STARS (OF THE SAME ORDER OF MAGNITUDE 

AS FROM THE GROUND)' WITH RESOLUTION OF AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE 

BETTER THAN THAT OBTAINED FROM THE GROUND. 

PERHAPS THE GREATEST RETURN IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE 

MIGHT BE ACHIEVED THROUGH SEARCHING FOR SOURCES OF LIGHT IN THE 

ULTRAVIOLET REGIONS. THIS WOULD REQUIRE ROSS CORRECTOR ELEMENTS 

MADE OF QUARTZ. SINCE THERE IS NO APRIORI KNOWLEDGE OF SUCH 

SOURCES THE MAN WOULD BE USED WITH AN IMAGE CONVERTER TO SEARCH 

FOR SUCH SOURCES. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
PPROVED FOR 

ASE 1 JU 

Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/2/66 

—frEGREr-T—SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-33 

MOL GROWTH. POTENTIAL 

IMPROVED PERFORMANCE 

ALTERNATE PAYLOADS 

IMPROVED ECONOMICS 

--9E6R-ErT-SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JUL 1115 

-a33644:Fr-T-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025 -33a 

MOL GROWTH POTENTIAL 

WE TURN NOW TO A DISCUSSION OF MOL GROWTH POTENTIAL 

IN THE THREE AREAS SHOWN ON THE CHART. 

-figrarFEE-T-SPE CIA L HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

- SPECiAL HANDLING WHS 

GROWTH CONFIGURATION PAYLOAD WEIGHTS 

ollIRESOLUTION (FOCAL LENGTH 

o 70 N. MI. ALTITUDE 

Go 

z 

0 o. 

50 

0 

ado 

125 CASSRAIN (PITCHI 

" EG 

NG) 

13 EIG ;Tr rel-c Lu DE.s 

cocicpiT r,:oun)mENT, 

RIV's (6) 

R/V RACKS It_ LAUNCH 

PROVISIONS 

FILM 

CONTINGENCY (20%) 

. rr

■ 1 i i 'V' I 

3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 11100* 

MIRRO' "TEIGHT--• POUNDS 

SECRET - :CgAT, I.IANDLINC; 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-34a 

GROWTH CONFIGURATION PAYLOAD WEIGHTS 

THE MAJOR REQUIREMENT AND POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH 

OF THE MOL SYSTEM IS TO HIGHER RESOLUTION OPTICS. SHOWN HERE 

ARE ESTIMATES OF THE MISSION PAYLOAD SEGMENT WEIGHT REQUIRED 

TO OBTAIN GROUND RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS. ASSUMING 

A REASONABLE EXTRAPOLATION OF THE STATE-OF-THE ART IN DESIGN 

AND FABRICATION OF MIRROR, IT WOULD APPEAR THAT A APERTURE 

SYSTEM WEIGHING OF THE ORDER OF 20,000 LBS WOULD BE THE MINIMUM 

REQUIREMENT. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

"eJE•eft£54-..- :.:PECIAL HANDLING WHS -025 -35 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-35a. 

S.EreerRE-T—SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE, 1 JULY 2015 

4:1\ 

3/ ir 

--S-Fre,i+Fr WHS-025-36 .T.- SPECIAL HANDLING 

ADVANCED SENSOR RISKS 

ALIGNMENT 

FOLDING TO LOWER STRUCTURAL WEIGHT AND LOWER GYRO 

REQUIREMENTS 

TIGHTER CONTROL TO OBTAIN LESS ABERRATION 

POINTING 

SMALLER FOV TO MINIMIZE REFRACTIVE ELEMENT SIZE AND 

PROVIDE BETTER OFF-AXIS RESOLUTION 

PRODUCTION 

RENDEZVOUS TO PROVIDE MISSION CAPABILITY WITHIN 

LIMITED SENSOR PRODUCTION CAPABILITY 

-FET;Emla—SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

OT•••••••••■•••■• 

gECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-36a 

ADVANCED SENSOR RISKS 

GROUND RESOLUTION SENSOR WILL INVOLVE 

CONSIDERABLE RISKS EVEN BEYOND THAT OF THE PRESENT DORIAN SENSOR. 

IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE DRIVE SYSTEM FOR POINTING THE ENTIRE SENSOR 

WOULD CONSIST OF CONTROL MOMENT GYROS WHICH WOULD REQUIRE TORQUE 

DEVICES CONSIDERABLY LARGER THAN THOSE AVAILABLE TODAY. 

TO OBTAIN A MINIMUM WEIGHT SENSOR REQUIRES FOLDING OF THE 

OPTICS WHICH IN TURN IMPLIES VERY TIGHT ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS. 

AS THE RESOLUTION IMPROVES AND THE APERTURE INCREASES, 

THE FIELD OF VIEW TENDS TO REDUCE, THUS REQUIRING GREATER PRECISION 

IN LOCATING THE TARGET. CAREFUL DESIGN OF THE MAN IN THE LOOP WILL 

TEND TO MINIMIZE THESE AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT RISKS. 

A SENSOR OF THIS MAGNITUDE MAY BE SUFFICIENTLY DIFFICULT 

AND COSTLY TO FABRICATE, ALIGN AND OPERATE SO AS TO DICTATE A 

RENDEZVOUS APPROACH; THUS MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF UNITS WHICH 

MUST BE ESTABLISHED AND SUBSEQUENTLY DISCARDED. 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 CLO - 6/2/66 

APPROVED FOR 

PECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025-37 

IMPROVED PAYLOADS AND ECONOMICS 

—19E.GR.F.Z.SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3 7 

IMPROVED PAYLOADS AND ECONOMICS 

THE EVOLUTION OF THE MOL PROGRAM TO GREATER 

PAYLOAD CAPABILITIES WOULD LEAD TO BOTH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE 

AND IMPROVED ECONOMICS. 

"32eREF SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-37a 

ESPECIAL HANDLING 
APPROVED FOR 

ASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 

WHS- 025-38 -SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

RV 

TM C (U) 12.7K P/L 

CONTINUOUS - 60 DAY 

RESUPPLY CYCLE 

n I 

Li! 

RENDEZVOUS 

RESUPPLY 

' MOL PROGRAM EVOLUTION 

TM C (U) 20.8K P/L 

CONTINUOUS - 60 DAY 

RESUPPLY CYCLE 

TM LDC 1 - 7 SEG SRM 

12.K P/L - 60 DAY 

SPECIAL HANDLING 

TM LDC 1 &2 - 7 SEG SRM 

20.8K P/L - 60 DAY 

BASIC 

MOL 

PROGRAM 

TM C (U) 

12.7K P/L 

30 DAY MOL 

FOLLOW-ON 

PROGRAM 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-5•Brerik.F.Z SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-38a 

MOL PROGRAM EVOLUTION 

THE MOL BASELINE PROGRAM COULD EVOLVE TO IMPROVE 

CAPABILITIES ALONG TWO MAIN AVENUES. ONE AVENUE WOULD BE 

THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE DIAMETER CORE T-III 

AND USE OF THE BASELINE MOL SYSTEM WITH MINOR MODIFICATIONS. 

THE OTHER AVENUE WOULD BE TO USE THE EXISTING SEVEN-SEGMENTS 

BOOSTER, THE AUTOMATIC MODE VERSION OF THE BASELINE CONFIGURATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GEMINI VEHICLE WITH AN EXPENDABLE 

TRAILER FOR RESUPPLY. EITHER AVENUE COULD LEAD TO A CAPABILITY 

OF 60 DAY LAUNCH INTERVALS WITH A VEHICLE CONTINUOUSLY ON ORBIT. 

IN ADDITION, EITHER APPROACH WOULD YIELD PAYLOAD CAPABILITIES 

WHICH WOULD PERMIT LAUNCH OF THE ADVANCED RESOLUTION 

SENSOR AND THE ELINT AND SHIP DETECTION SENSORS THUS ESTABLISHING A CONTINUOUSLY ON-ORBIT MULTI-MISSION CAPABILITY. 

-Melte? SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/2/66 

0_1 

34 WHS- 025 —39 CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

2(0. 36' 

'MCTL AUTO MIAcf ft' MO Z VOUS AUTOMATIC MODE VEHICLE 

r--- 

I DOCKING PLANE 

EXTENDED MISSION 

SERVICE MODULE 

ItIcA8m) 

ar. 

NOSE FAIRING 

ATIFT-01MATIC MODE 

SE-RVICE MODULE 

(444+SM) 

OwMISSION MODULE 

LABORATORY la R ESSU'RI Z-E9D 

SECTION 

BASELINE SI.,"RVICE MODULE (i3SIk4) 

—Ergre.R.E.X.SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE .1 JULY 2015 

SEGRENT-SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-39a 

MOL AUTOMATIC MODE /RENDEZVOUS AUTOMATIC 

MODE VEHICLE 

THE AUTOMATIC MODE CONFIGURATION OF THE BASELINE 

PROGRAM WILL BE CONFIGURED SO THAT ITS EXPENDABLES SECTION 

MIGHT BE USED IN EITHER THE INTEGRAL LAUNCH OR RENDEZVOUS 

EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMS. THIS WILL BE ACHIEVED BY CONFIGURING 

THE AUTOMATIC MODE SERVICE MODULE SO THAT IT HAS EXCESS 

VOLUME TO ACCEPT ADDITIONAL EXPENDABLE'S AT A LATER DATE FOR 

LONGER TIME ON ORBIT. IN ADDITION, ITS INTERFACE WITH THE BASELINE SERVICE MODULE WILL BE DESIGNED SO AS TO PERMIT INSTALLA TION 

OF A DOCKING INTERFACE AT A LATER DATE. WITH THIS APPROACH THE 

COMBINATION OF THE AUTOMATIC MODE SERVICE MODULE AND THE 

BASELINE SERVICE MODULE OD ULD BE USED AS THE EXPENDABLES 

SEGMENT FOR EITHER THE FOLLOW-ON INTEGRAL LAUNCH OR RENDEZVOUS PROGRAMS. 

PECIAL HANDLING 
EMSM 

Systems Applications Office 

NRPPROVED FOR THS - 6/2/66 

R SE .1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025--40 

RENDEZVOUS VEHICLE FAMILY 

o RENDEZVOUS/RESUPPLY VEHIGLEARRV) 

tf4t1t.z.V0 tit/ Atriti VEHICC' OkAMV) 

QQ-Ce tiVp/ 

te5- 17 

DOCKING AND SEPARATION PLANE 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

9'0 

—ffiralk-E-T. SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-40a 

RENDEZVOUS VEHICLE FAMILY 

IN THE RENDEZVOUS PROGRAM, THE BASELINE AUTOMATIC 

MODE VEHICLE WOULD BE LAUNCHED UNMANNED WITH THE OPTION 

TO BE OPERATED UP TO 20 - 30 DAYS UNMANNED. SUBSEQUENTLY, 

A GEMINI VEHICLE WITH THE SAME EXPENDABLES SECTION ATTACHED 

AS A TRAILER WOULD BE LAUNCHED FOR RESUPPLY. PRIOR TO 

DOCKING THE EXTENDED MISSION SERVICE MODULE WOULD BE DETACHED 

FROM THE RENDEZVOUS AUTOMATIC MODE VEHICLE. 

-SEGAE-12-SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/2/66 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025-42 

RESUPPLIAVEHICLE OB;i3IT,ING'cY1/4EHICLE 

aft GPI

---- - 6- EN IF7- 411111M .1. en coo rglimenok 1141v L amo 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

RENDEZVOUS VEHICLE CONFIGURATION 

0- 6e,DAt'aEstiPPtiLdY 

DOCKING AND-SEAARATION \PL-ANE 

ARy ;FUNCTIONS, 0:AMY FUNCTIONS' 

oc, ATTITUDE CONTRC3)t(ACTS PROPULSION) o LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM 

o PRIME -POWER SYSTEM o ATTITUDE CONTROL ELECTRONICS 

o LIFE,SUPPORT EPNDABLES o COMMUNICATIONS" AND "DAT.K.' 

HANDLING 

o DATA SYSTEM, 

o ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 

o HRO OPERATIONS 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025-41a 

RENDEZVOUS VEHICLE CONFIGURATION 

SHOWN HERE IS THE RENDEZVOUS AUTOMATIC MODE VEHICLE 

WITH'ITS EXTENDED MISSION SERVICE MODULE REMOVED AND DOCKED 

TO THE RESUPPLY VEHICLE. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THIS 

APPROACH PERMITS REPLACEMENT OF SEVERAL OF THE MAJOR VEHICLE 

SUBSYSTEMS WITH EACH RESUPPLY LAUNCH, THUS REDUCING THE 

COMPLEXITY OF THE RENDEZVOUS AUTOMATIC MODE VEHICLE. THIS 

SHOULD CONTRIBUTE MATERIALLY TO THE DESIRED EXTENDED LIFETIME OF THE RENDEZVOUS AUTOMATIC MODE VEHICLE. 

-seeRer SPE CIAL HANDLING 
2454 

N APPROVED FOR 

SE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

6/6/66 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING wHs_025-4Z 

COMPARISON OF BASELINE AND FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM 

CAPABILITIES FOR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA RETURN 

FOLLOW -ON 

PROGRAM 

(CONTINUOUSLY 

6 M/AM 6 AM ON-ORBIT) 

FLIGHTS FLIGHTS (3 RAMV + 5 RRV) 

• TOTAL NUMBER OF CLEAR 7,946 6,696 16,980 

PHOTOGRAPHS/YEAR 

• TOTAL NUMBER OF CLEAR, 870 282 1,671 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS/YEAR 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-151161HIPP- SPECIAL HANDLING 

OTHER MISSION CAPABILITIES OF MOL BASELINE SYSTEM 

BASELINE CAPABILITY 

MOBILE LAND TARGETS 

MARS SURFACE SURVEY AT 50 N.MI. RESOLUTION 

BASELINE CAPABILITY WITH ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT 

ELINT 

SHIP DETECTION AND HRO PHOTOGRAPHS 

ASTRONOMY 

-131116R-VT- SPECIAL HANDLING 

13U30 
30-Day Design Life 

585 

o .195(LAII) x . 95 (MM) = . 90 

o . 77 (LAB) X . 83 (MM) = 64 

0. 6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 

NRO APPROVED FOR • 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

MEAN MISSION DURATION 

30 

z 

20 

Z 10 

0 

0 

RELIABILITY FOR DESIGN LIFE 

LAUNCH VEHICLE RELIABILITY 97 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

3rcnET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS -025 -42a 

COMPARISON OF BASELINE AND FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM 

CAPABILITIES FOR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA RETURN 

THE INCENTIVE TO EVOLVE FROM THE BASELINE TO THE 

FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM IS SHOWN HERE IN TERMS OF THE TECHNICAL 

INTELLIGENCE DATA RETURN. SIX FLIGHTS OF THE MANNED AUTOMATIC 

MODE, OR THE AUTOMATIC MODE, PER YEAR WOULD YIELD ROUGHLY 

THE SAME NUMBER OF CLEAR PHOTOGRAPHS. THE ENHANCEMENT OF 

SPECIAL PHOTOGRAPHS IS APPARENT IN THE MANNED EXAMINATION 

FOR ACTIVE INDICATORS MODE. THE FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM WITH 

CONTINUOUSLY ON-ORBIT OPERATION YIELDS DRAMATICALLY INCREASED 

RETURNS IN BOTH CATEGORIES. FURTHERMORE, IT IS EXPECTED THAT 

THE RECURRING OPERATIONAL COSTS PER YEAR FOR THE FOLLOW-ON 

PROGRAM WILL BE LOWER THAN FOR EITHER OF THE BASELINE SYSTEMS. 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 

--rs$G,R33if- SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025-43 

FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM ATTRIBUTES 

1. SIMPLE EVOLUTION FROM BASELINE PROGRAM 

2. MINIMUM DEVELOPMENT RISK FOR RESOLUTION SENSOR 

3. CONTINUOUS, ON CALL, OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY 

4. MAXIMUM ACQUISITION RATE AND AVAILABILITY OF SPECIAL 

INTELLIGENCE PHOTOGRAPHS 

5. MINIMUM RECYCLE TIME TO PHOTOGRAPH SPECIFIC TARGETS 

6. CONTINUOUSLY, ON CALL, MULTI-MISSION SENSOR CAPABILITIES 

7. MAXIMUM RETURNS OF TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE DATA AT 

MODERATE OPERATIONAL COSTS 

—9EGREa-SPECIAL HANDLING 
SPECIAL HANDLING 

SCANNER CONFIGURATION 

PRISM 

LASER 

1 X 1 INCH 

FILM CLIP 

.1) MOTOR 

INE 

SYNC. COMMUTATOR 

HOTOMULTIPLIER 

VIDEO 

AMPLIFIER 

SAMPLER 

PCM 

20 MBPS 

WHS-025 (BU) 

1 MCPS 

1 INCH 

1414. 

1.314. 

MOTOR 

V 

TRANSMITTER 

FIXED 

ANTENNA 

2. 2 9CPS 

ANALOG TO 

DIGITAL 

CONVERTER 

LINE 

SYNC. CODE 

GENERATOR 

ENCRYPT 

eeit-B-T-- SPECIAL HANDLING 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO OVED FOR 

REV 1 JULY2015 

flY" 

Systems Applications Office 

ALP- 5/27/66 

W HS -025 (B 

PROBABILITY OF MISSION COMPLETION 

CECIIET SPECIAL HANDLING 

RENDEZVOUS SYSTEM 

(80 N. M. Hp, 60 DAY RESUPPLY CYCLE, W/O STANDBY RAMV) 

EFFECT OF LAUNCH UPPER LIMIT • EFFECT OF 

RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING CRITICAL UNREPAIRAB LE 

(STANDBY RRV ASSUMED) EQUIPMENT FAILURES 

(W/O STANDBY RAMV) 

1.00 

0.92 

.8 

EFFECT OF REPLACEABLE/ 0.74 

REPAIRABLE EQUIPMENT 

FAILURES 

.6 

EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT BY RESUPPLY 

.4 

I 1 1 

1 I I 

1 I 1 

1 I 1 

0 50 100 X 150 200 250 300 320 

LAUNCH 

RAMV + RRV RRV RRV RV 

4 4 RRV MISSION 

COMPLETE 

MISSION TIME FROM INITIAL LAUNCH ~DAYS 

CECIIKT SPECIAL HANDLING ..1 

z O 

H 

5:1 

a 

uo 

z H O 9 

1.0 

.2 

I 

I I 

I 

1 0 I 
‘,..) RO APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY2015 

(11 

RAMV 60 DAY S/S (ATTENDED W/ UNLIMITED SPARING) 

z 0 

a 1.0 

O 

134SZ.-t(tAr (

r~~ED RBI 

) 

.8 - 

.6 - 

.4 • 

.2 - 

Systems Applications Office 

ALP- 5/27/66 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025 (BU) 

EFFECT OF VEHICLE TYPE, SUBSYSTEM DESIGN, 

AND MANNED MAINTENANCE ON 

PROBABILITY OF MISSION COMPLETION 

1. 00 

0. 92 

0.13 

0.05 

320 

MISSION TIME FROM INITIAL LAUNCH ", DAYS 

ESPECIAL HANDLING 

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

y 

CLO - 6/2/66 

WHS-025 (BU) 

TYPICAL PROVISIONS FOR EXPLOITING 

MAN'S MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING CAPABILITIES 

• CAPABILITY FOR EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY 

• ACCESSIBILITY TO PERMIT MAINTENANCE 

• CAPABILITY FOR TROUBLE-SHOOTING 

• ESSENTIAL TOOLS AND TEST INSTRUMENTS 

• CRITICAL SPARES (INCLUDING SOME ASSORTED VALVES, SWITCHES, RELAYS, FLUID 

HOSE AND ELECTRICAL CABLE JUMPERS) 

• DESIGNED COMMONALITY OF COMPONENTS AND PARTS 

• UPSTREAM HAND OPERATED VALVES 

• EMERGENCY FACE-MASKS FOR DEMAND CONTROLLED OPEN-LOOP OXYGEN 

• SIMPLK, ACCESSORIES THAT ENABLE MAN TO OPERATE IN DEGRADED MODES 

(LIKE: RETICLES, CHINA PENCILS, NOMOGRAPHS, STOP WATCHES, FLASHLIGHTS, 

VACUUM CLEANER, ETC.') 

• PROVISIONS FOR EMERGENCY POWER - (WITH SOLAR CELLS) 

SECRET CPECIAL HANDLING 
WHS -025 (BU) 

0 APPROVED FOR 

ASE 1 J 

z9 

3ECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

MOL PROGRAM COST SUMMARY 

(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) 

NON-RECURRING DEVELOPMENT COSTS M /AM 

LABORATORY 547. 9 

GEMINI B 158.9 

MISSION MODULE 287.5 

LAUNCH VEHICLE 221.4 

GSR/TD 46.2 

OTHER 15.0 

DEVELOPMENT FLIGHT HARDWARE 474.5 

SUBTOTAL 1751.4 

RECURRING M/AM AM 

LABO RATORY 34.5 29.4 

GEMINI B OR SUPPLY MODULE 19.2 4.0 

MISSION MODULE 27.0 26.4 

LAUNCH VEHICLE 18.1 18.1 

RECOVERY - TRACKING 2.0 1.5 

OTHER 2.0 1.2 

SUBTOTAL PER FLIGHT 102.8 80.6 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

tiSLEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Vt\ 

Systems Applications Office 

6/6/66 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

TOTAL PROGRAM COST COMPARISON 

WHS- 025 (BU) 

ti 

M/ AM 

-it— RENDEZVOUS (TIII C(U) 

INTEGRAL (TIII LDC1) 

AM 

TOTAL PHOTO 

TARGETS 

(FIVE YEARS)- 

TOTAL; SPECIAL 

PHOTO TARGETS 

(FIVE YEARS) 

M/AM 39, 700 4, 350 

AM 33, 500 1, 400 

INTEGRAL L. 56, 750 6, 220 

RENDEZVOUS 82,160 8, 249 

4 

TOTAL 

3 PROGRAM 

COST 

2 

(BILLIONS 

OF 

DOLLARS) 

1 

0 • 

1 2 3 4 

YEARS OF OPERATION 

--"JE-Frit-rg,,T.- SPECIAL HANDLING 
Systems Applications Office 

FWB - 6/6/66 NRO APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 

GECIIET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025 (BU) 

ELEMENTS AND COSTS FOR POSSIBLE 

INTEGRAL-LAUNCH FOLLOW-ON 

NON-RECURRING COST - M$ 

215.0 

RECURRING COST - M$ 

TWO MANNED DEVELOPMENT FLTS T-III LDC 23. 0 

VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS (0V) 50.0 GEMINI B 19. Z 

T-III LDC DEVELOPMENT 1 06. 6 LABORATORY VEHICLE 34. 5 

MISSION MODULE 27.0 

TOTAL 371.6 

RECOVERY-TRACKING 2. 0 

OTHER 2.0 

TOTAL 107. 7 

—860111642-6PECIAL HANDLING 
N APPROVED FOR 

E E 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

THS - 6/6/66 

SPECIAL HANDLING WHS- 025 (BU) 

IMPROVEMENT FACTORS DUE TO MOL CREW 

f 50% CLOUD COVER 

4 

f = .70 t. = 0 SEC. l

0 J 

0 .05 .1 .15 .2 

f

a 

FRACTION OF POTENTIALLY 

ACTIVE INDICATORS 

WHICH ARE IN FACT ACTIVE 

...) --4Meik SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

ESTIMATED SPARES INVENTORY BY SUBSYSTEM - BASELINE VEHICLE 

SUBSYSTEM NUMBER OF SPARED ITEMS 

-9-Beft-E-T-- SPECIAL HANDLING 

WHS-025 (BU) 

ELECTRICAL POWER 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL/LIFE SUPPORT 

CRYOGENICS 

ATTITUDE CONTROL AND TRANSLATION 

ELECTRONICS 22 

PROPULSION 

COMMUNICATIONS/DATA HANDLING 10 

INSTRUMENTATION/MONITOR-ALARM 13 

MISSION MODULE 5 

STRUCTURE 5 

62 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
DESIGN WEIGHT 

ORBITING 40 

VEHICLE 

WEIGHT 30 

20 - 

10 

(1000 LBS) EXPENDABLES 

"OFF-LOADING" 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

R LEASE 1 JULY 2015 56/ 

SI)ECAL, HANDLING 

WHS-n25 (BU) 

T-III LDC 1 GROWTH 

INTEGRAL LAUNCH 

.7.S7777,r Is.n. • 

EMSM BS/vI 

l 

L....? 

1....,J 

C ICTDI, ; .•-•-e, , .-fr-t'Lf .4t."'T:tr;''',1 i'-'"/S, (--'_plt 1 

(._) C 

,/ 1- J (.. ) ' 

It 

• 1 

1C----Th tt 

tt,-._:.; , -,::.,,,•...',t7:7,t i 1 

i - 38 _ I -1 

— . - 

o TYPICAL 60 DAY VEHICLE WCT. 41, 000 LBS 

T-III LDC 1 LAUNCH CAPABILITY (~42,300 LBS) 

= 90°, 80/180 N. MI: 

37, 

• 

501_ 

0 

0 20 4:0 60 80 

MISSION DURATION .DAYS 

—3-.111,•ti-1 11,1 " SPECIAL HANDLING 
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 

1.0 - 

.8 

.6 

DROP DUE TO 

ADDITION. OF 

BASIC EC/LS 

SUBSYSTEM 

REQUIRED TO 

SUPPORT MAN 

.2 

IVI.FD-Ps.-(3T014):VS.0 *F1-11.CL 

(AR.-F.5 OD R5D131)

.14 

CI) 

V 

RISE DUE-TO MAN 

UTILIZING ALTERNATE 

OPERATING MODES . 

(OR 1414AN AS A 

WORKING SUBSYSTEM) 

PROBABILITY OF MISS ON I SUC

CESS 

0 

,F

I\1443KPPROVED FOR 

SE 1 JUL 20.15 

Systems Applications Office 

ALP 5-27-66 2V 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT /REPAIR WHS-025 (BU) 

BASELINE LABORATORY VEHICLE - 30 DAYS 

WEIGHT OF ADDED SPARES AND REDUNDANCY LBS 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NUMBER OF FUNCTION 

SWITCHING OVERRIDE 

5 

10 

23 

38 

27 

111 

15 

95 

37 

285 

oystems .etpplications kinice 

FWB . 5/27/66 N 0 APPROVED FOR 

E ASE 1 JULY 9ni 

PECIAL HANDLING 

WHS-025 (BU) 

SWITCHING AND OVERRIDE FUNCTION OF CREW 

O CREW MONITORS SYSTEMS OPERATIONS AND TAKES REMEDIAL ACTION IN 

CRITICAL CASES OF SUBSYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS. 

CAN SWITCH TO STANDBY UNIT OR OVERRIDE AUTOMATIC SWITCHING AS 

APPLICABLE FOR CORRECTIVE ACTION. 

SUBSYSTEM 

ELECTRICAL POWER 

ATTITUDE CONTROL AND TRANSLATION 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL/LIFE SUPPORT 

COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA HANDLING 

MISSION MODULE 

—43"Liheik-E-T— SPECIAL HANDLING 
GYRO GYRO ACCEL 

VERT 

,SETS 

VEL 

STNS 

- 

Ti 

MON 

817 

I 

Hi S S IA IDEA 

-L7- —47- 

VO APPROVED FOR 

(■7 LEASE 1 JU 

systems Applications C.ntice 

FWB - 5-27-66 

JECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

2 2. 

WHS-025 (BU) 

TROUBLE SHOOTING BY CREW 

TYPICAL EXAMPLE 

FAILURE MODES THAT CAN CAUSE LOSS OF ATTITUDE CONTROL 

o BUS SHORTED TO GROUND-ECPU SWITCHES FUEL CELLS OFF BUS A 

UNTIL SHORT IS CLEARED 

o ACTS EQUIPMENT SHORTS TO GROUND - BLOWS FUSE 

FUEL 

CELLS 

ECPU 

ATTITUDE CONTROL 

AND TRANSLATION 

SUBSYSTEM -

ELECTRONICS 

BUS A 

FUSE 

INVERTF-11 

ECPU GYRO 

LOW- -L. 

VOLTAGE 

'TRIGGEIR 

CLDA 

BUS 

o CREW CAN TROUBLE SHOOT EITHER FAILURE,TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION TO FIX FAULT 

AND COMPENSATE FOR DEGRADED MODE BY OPERATING VEHICLE 

o REMOTE GROUND ACTION COMMANDS SWITCHES WHERE PROVIDED 

o GROUND + CREW COORDINATION PROVIDES MOST EXTENSIVE FAULT ANALYSIS AND 

BEST ASSURANCE OF OPTIMUM REMEDIAL ACTION 

CECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 

ECPU 

ELECTRICAL 

CONTROL 

PROTECTION ^€ 

UNIT 
—EiForaRtg-T—SPECIAL HANDLING 

POSSIBLE FOLLOW-ON PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND COSTS 

REkDE1VoUS/RESUPPLY 

TIII C (U) 

WHS-025 

APPROVED FOR 

EASE 1 JULY 2015 

Systems Applications Office 

CLAD - 6/6/66 

NON-RECURRING COST - M$ 

AL DESIGN OF BSM-"PROVISIONS FOR" 

-DOCKING INTERFACE (BOTH ENDS) 

A DESIGN OF AMSM-"PROVISIONS FOR" 3.0 

-DOCKING INTERFACE 

-ADDITIONAL LENGTH FOR FUTURE REQ. 

SYS ENGR & DOCUMENTATION 1.5 RECURRING COST - M$ 

GSE/ TD . 5 RAM V: 

TEST HARDWARE 1.0 BASELINE M/AM 102.8 

TOTAL 6.0 GEMINI B -19.0 

TWO SETS RRV HARDWARE FOR GRND TEST 22.0 AM SERVICE MODULE + 4.0 

DOCKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 50.0 TOTAL 87.8 

TRAINERS/SIMULATION, DOCKING 70.0 

DESIGN/INTEGRATION, RRV DEV. 50.0 RRV: 

RRV DEV. & DEMO. FLIGHTS, 1 EA. 98.2 GEMINI B 19.2 

EXTRA LAUNCH PAD 60.0 RRV MODULE 10.0 

ADDITIONAL AGE FOR RRV LAUNCH 15.0 TIII C (U) 18.1 

MCC EQUIPMENT 4.0 DATA CAPSULE SYS. 1.8 

Lk TOTAL 369.2 TOTAL 49.1 

1 TOTAL 375.21 

PROBABLE ADDITION TO BASE MOL PROGRAM COST 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SIICRIZT SPECIAL HANDLING 

ACQUISITION AND TRACKING SCOPE WEIGHTS 

5 - INCH 10 - INCH 

LENS 30 LBS 150 LBS 

TRACKING MIRROR 10 (GLASS) 40 (Be) 

RELAY 34 44 * 

SERVOS 8 60 

82 LBS 294 LBS 

X2 164 LBS 588 LBS 

* INCLUDES DIRECT VIEW ZOOM EYEPIECE AND TV RELAY TO CONSOLE 

—9BeftET- SPECIAL HANDLING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

R5EASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING WHS-025 (BU) 

ON-ORBIT MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR 

(BASELINE VEHICLE) 

o 

o 

ON-ORBIT MAINTENANCE/ 

DESIGN PROVISIONS 

PRELAUNCH CHECKOUT/ 

REPLACEMENT /REPAIR TEST/ CORRECTIVE ACTION 

ACCESSIBILITY 

INTERCHANGEABILITY 

STATUS AND OPERATING 

o ACCESSIBILITY 

o INTERCHANGEABILITY 

DATA 

o INSTRUMENTATION o INSTRUMENTATION 

o MONITOR/ALARM & TELEMETRY o MONITOR/ALARM & TELEMETRY & 

UMBILICAL 

TROUBLE SHOOTING 

o EQUIP. TEST POINTS o EQUIP. TEST POINTS 

o PANEL & J-BOX ACCESS PANELS o PANEL & J-BOX ACCESS PANELS 

o CIRCUIT & PIN DIAGRAM & DATA o CIRCUIT & PIN DIAGRAM & DATA 

REPLACE FAULTY EQUIPMENT 

o DISCONNECT & PLUG-IN FEATURES o DISCONNECT & PLUG-IN FEATURES 

o AVAILABLE SPARE REPLACEMENT o AVAILABLE SPARE REPLACEMENT 

o TOOLS AND TEST CHECK EQUIP. o TOOLS AND TEST CHECK EQUIP. 

o THE DESIGN PROVISIONS, AND PROCEDURES TO PERFORM ON-ORBIT MAINTENANCE/REPLACEMENT/REPAIR ARE BASICALLY THE SAME AS REQUIRED FOR PRE-LAUNCH TEST AND CHECKOUT 

OPERATIONS. THUS, FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES, THE IMPLEMENTATION TO ACCOMPLISH 

ON-ORBIT TROUBLE SHOOTING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION IS INHERENT IN THE BASIC VEHICLE 

IF ADEQUATE SPARES ARE PROVIDED ON-ORBIT.