P. 1 

# OAR Box 1830 Prepped byOllie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 15) IV-B-1 1 Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 11/13/20087:20:51 AM Sheet 15of 2329mTm \
"»l««* « 

## £-07-/ / P.2

UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5 OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N 

## NOV 

## I 7 '98 8 MEMORANDU

M SUBJECT : FROM : TO : THRU : Applicatio no f Simplifie d Refueling Control s t o a

Ford Tauru s Fue l Tan k Joh nPolasek , Mechanica l Enginee r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branch ) Publi c Docke t A-87-1 1 Joh nF . Anderson , Senio r Projec t Manag e Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branch / 

# MffU Cheste r J . France , Chie f Standard s Developmen t an d Sup p or t BraJfP W^ I . Introduction : O nSeptembe r 26 , 1988 , For d presente d . a briefing t o EPAon the result s o f it s attempt s a t applying EPA' s simplifie d refueling contro l concep t t o Ford vehicles . For d identifie d a numbe r o f problem s wit hthe syste mwhic hled Ford t o conclud e tha t simplifie d refueling control s ar e no t readil yadaptabl e t o productio nvehicles . Keyissue s raised b yFor d relate d t o poo r finabilit yan

d inadequat e liqui d sealing a t lo wflowrates . T o dea l wit hthes e problem s Ford fel t i t wa s necessaryt o resor t t o a mechanica l sea l based system . Our initia l evaluatio no f the Ford presentatio nwa s tha t th e difficultie s encountere d b yFord shoul d b

e relativel yeasy t o avoid . T o verif ythi s evaluation , a shor t progra m wa s undertake nt o evaluat e th e simpl e systemdesign ona Ford Tauru s fue l tank . Thi s memo summarize s the progra m an d it s results .P. 3 

### -2 - II . Developing th e Refueling/Evaporativ e System o nthe For d Tauru s Th e basi c approac hfollowe d wa s th e same a s for th e previousl ysuccessfu l G Mfue l tank . Beginning wit hthe stoc k fue l tank , initia l modification s wer e mad e t o b e abl e t o collec t refueling vapors . Thi s configuratio n wa s the n evaluate d an

d additiona l change s wer e mad e a s neede d t o obtai n satisfactoryperformance . A . Th e Initia l System Beginning wit ha For d Tauru s productio nfue l tank , two modification s wer e neede d t o collec t refueling vapors . First , th e existing externa l ven t line wa s removed . Second , th e curren t rollove r valv e wa s replace d wit ha multifunctiona l valv e wit ha large r 0.35 0 inc hdiamete r orific e connecte d t o a canister . Tw o valve s wer e availabl e fo r thi s purpose . Th e "blue " valv e whic hha d bee nuse d i nth e G Msysteman

d a "white " valv e whic hha d bee ndevelope d mor e recentl yb yGT products . % Thes e valve s wer e largel yequivalent , excep t tha t th e whit e valv e ha d a lowe r shutof f leve l an d a secondarylimiting orific e t o reliev e tank pressur e during period s whe nthe mai n floa t valv e wa s closed . Th e whit e valv e wa s als o designe d wit h adequat e rollove r shutof f capability . (Rollove r testing o f th e whit e valv e i s documente d i na separat e memo. ) Th e outle t o f th e ven t valv e wa s connecte d t o a 2.5 L carbo ncaniste r using approximatel y3 fee t o f 5/ 8 inchdiamete r vapo r lin e (Figur e 1) . Testing o f thi s configuratio n indicate d tha t refueling emission s wer e bein g successfull ycaptured , bu t tw o problem s existed . Th e firs t wa s spitbac k o f fue l a t th e en d o f th e fill . Th e second wa s tha t poo r liqui d seal s forme d a t lo wflow rates . Taking thes e problem s int o consideration , modification s t o th e initia l system wer e needed . B . Modification s t o Initia l System Th e fis t problem

t o solv e wa s spitbac k a t hig hflowrates . Thi s wa s easil ysolve d b yth e additio no f a spitbac k valve . Approximatel y3 inche s o f fillpip e insid e th e tank wer e remove d an d a spitbac k valv e wa s added . Th e valv e wa s a productio n Chrysle r valve , a s ha d bee nuse d o nth e GMsystem . Th e chec k bal l wa s modifie d b yincreasing th e specifi c gravit yt o equa l tha t o f gasoline . Th e additio no f th e spitbac k valv e t o th e systemeliminate d th e spitbac k problem fo r furthe r testing . Wit hth e systemi nthi s form , nea r zer o emission s a t 1 0 gp mwer e observed , however , a t lowflowrate s inadequat e liqui d seal s wer e stil l indicated . T o dea l wit hthi s problem , w e followe d th e same procedur e use d i ndeveloping th e G MA-bod

y refueling system . Th e procedur e calle d fo r adding a smal l restrictio ni nth e fillpip e t o maintai nth e sea l a t reduce dP. 4 

### -3 - flow . Initially , th e restricto r fromth e G Msystemwa s use d i n conjunctio nwit hth e remaining lengt ho f fillpip e fro minsid e th e G Mtank . Performanc e o f thi s system wa s generall y satisfactory . A

nadequat e liqui d sea l wa s observe d a t 3 gp m an d n o prematur e shutoff s occurre d a t 1 0 gpm . However , a t highe r bac k pressure s th e 3 gp mliqui d sea l wa s lost . W e therefor e di d some evaluation s o f othe r restrictor s t o improve th e liqui d sea l a t lowflowrates . Test s wer e conducte d wit h restricto r diameter s ranging fro m 0.80 0 inche s t o 1.05 0 inches , als o variation s i nrestricto r inle t face s wer e tested . Test s wer e als o conducte d wit hrestrictor s wit han d withou t extensio n tubes . Se e Figur e 2 fo r drawing s o f th e basi c restricto r design s used . I nreviewing th e result s obtaine d from th e restricto r variation , i t wa s possibl e t o ge t a liqui d sea l a t lo w flowrate s wit hsevera l differen t restrictors . However , smalle r restrictor s tende d t o caus e prematur e shutof f a t hig h dispensin g rates . Therefore , th e larges t restricto r whic h functione d a t 3 gp

mwa s selecte d becaus e i t wa s leas t likel yt o interfer e wit hfilling characteristic s a t hig hflowrate s wher e mos t dispensin g actuall yoccurs . W e als o evaluate d alternative s fo r th e locatio no f th e rollove r valve . Th e alternative s wer e use d t o reduc e th e fil l heigh t withou t having t o modif yth e tank or th e valve . Locatio nC an

d B o nFigur e 3 gav e adequat e fil l height s wit h th e whit e valve , bu t locatio nC wa s subjec t t o splashing interference . Th e fina l modification s involve d varyin g th e systembac k pressur e b

ychanging th e canister . W e found tha t th e system wil l operat e i f th e bac k pressur e insid e th e fue l tank a t 1 0 gpmi s les s tha nabou t 5 t o 6 inche s o f water . Highe r bac k pressur e design s woul d sometime s caus e los s o f th e liqui d sea l a t lowflowrate s o r prematur e shutof f a t highflowrates . Al l o f th e tes t dat a collecte d o nbot hth e initia l an d modifie d systemar e give ni nAppendi x1 . Overall , w e determine d th e following : 1 . Th e additio no f th e spitbac k valv e eliminate d spitbac k fo r furthe r testing . W e ha d n o difficult y i nobtaining excellen t fil l qualit ya t dispensing rate s up t o th e 1 0 gp mmaximu

mrate . 2 . Liqui d seal s a t lowflowwer e observe d t o b e a functio no f restricto r diamete r an d shape . Th e smalle r diameter s resulte d i nbette r seals . I t wa s als o notice d tha t liqui d seal s wer e a functio no f bac k pressure . A s bac k pressur e increase d th e sea l performanc e decreased . Considering th e result s o n liqui d seals , severa l restrictor s gav e excellen t seals .P. 5 -4 - 3 . A s mentione d above , bac k pressur e effecte d sea l performance . I naddition , i f th e bac k pressur e wa s to o highprematur e shutof f occurred . Thi s wa s observe d wit htank bac k pressure s ove r th e 5 t o 6 inche s o f wate r range . III . Fina l Configuratio n fo r Testing Th e fina l configuratio n selecte d fo r th e refueling system wa s th e same a s tha t o nth e G MA-bod ytank (Se e Figur e 4 ) . Th e change s t o th e stoc k system , i nsummary , are : A ) Fillpip e 1 ) Remove d ven t line 2 ) Use d 1.05 0 G

Mrestricto r an

d tub e 3 ) Additio no f a spitbac k valv e wit ha bal l weighe d t o neutra l densit yi ngasoline . B ) Vapo r Contro l Valv e 1 ) Replace d curren t rollove r valv e wit hth e whit e GT valv e (0.35 0 diamete r orifice) . C ) Vapo r Lin e - 5/8 " I.D . 3 ' long D ) Caniste r Anycaniste r wit ha bac k pressur e unde r approximatel y2. 5 inche s o f wate r a t a 1 0 gp m dispensing rat e ca nb e use d wit hthi s system . T o optimiz e performance , w e chos e th e 4 lite r caniste r becaus e i t ha s th e lowes t bac k pressure . Onc e th e fina l configuratio n wa s established , performanc e test s wer e don e a t bot h1 0 an d 3 gp mdispensing rates . I n addition , sinc e shift s i nfue l tank alignmen t ha s occasionall y produce d differing fil l heights , supplementa l fil l leve l test s wer e als o conducted . Fina l tes t result s ar e summarize d i n Tabl e 1 . IV . Conclusio n Th e "simpl e system " concep t ha s prove nt o b e readil y adoptabl e t o th e For d Taurus . Th e For d Tauru s system , whic h use s th e same modification s a s th e G MA-bod

ysystem , displaye d n o spitback s an

d n o prematur e shutoffs . I naddition , an adequat e liqui d sea l wa s maintaine d throughou t th e 3-1 0 gpm range , suc htha t nea r zer o emission s wer e observed . I n summary , w e ca nconclud e tha t th e systemdevelope d i s an effectiv e systemfo r controlling refueling emission s o nth e For d Taurus .

### -5 - Tabl e 1 Result s o f Fina l Configuratio n Testing

For d Tauru s Fue l Tank P. 6

Refueling Emission s Tes t Tes t N o 20 0 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 Flo w

(gpm ) 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 3 3 Nomina l Pressur e

(i n . H ? 0 ) 2.3 2. 9 3. 0 0.1 3 0.1 2 0.1 3 Peak

(i n Pressur e

. H,0 ) 8. 5 8. 2 8. 5 5. 7 5. 9 5. 9 Emission s

(grams/qallon ) 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 5 Nomina l Fil l Tes t 1 0 percen t (gal ) 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 1 0 GP M

Dispense d (qal ) 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 4 0 5 1 0 Averag e Tota l

(qal ) 17.7 4 1 7 1 7 1 7 6 5 7 0 7 0 1 0 percen t

(qal ) 1.6 3 1.6 0 1.6 1 3 GP M

Dispense d (qal ) 17.1 8 17.3 0 17.2 0 Averag e Tota l

1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 il ) 8 1 9 0 8 1 8 4 6556 WP. 7 -6 - 

# initia l TankConfiguration FordProductionFue l Tank(1 6 gal ) CarbonCanister2.5 L Fue l FillerPipe Rollover/VaporVen t Valvewit hLarg eDiamete r(0,350" ) Orific et oMlo w

Passag eof RefuelingVapo r 5/ 8 I,D . VaporVen t Lin e RemovedExistingExterna l Ven t Lin e 

# 3-icT

Figur e 1 : Initia l Configuratio nTeste dFIG . 2 : BASI C RESTRICTO R DESIGN S

PLU G RESTRICTO R ,s- ./' s'

v v X v . RESTRICTO R TUB E i

GMTUB E G M RESTRICTO R

*NOTE : DRAWING S AR E NOTT O SCAL EFIG . 3 : ALTERNATIV E VALV E LOCATION S



# r

_ _ FILLE R PIP E 

# O B
O C FUE LSENDE R LOCATIO N B - REA R C - CENTE R S - STOC K

i 0 0 I



### 198 8 FORD TAURU S FUE L TAN K

C OP.1 0 

# Fina l ConfigurationforTesting For dProductionFue l Tank (1 6 gal-capacity ) Fue l Fille rPipe Restrictor(1,050 " di arestrictoras . use donG M tank ) Rollover/VaporVent Valvevit hLarg eDiamete r(.350" ) Orific et oAllo

w Passageof RefuelingVapor s 5/8 " I.D . VaporVen t Line Mi-Spitbac kCheckValve 2.5 Lor4.0 LCanister

Figur e 4 : Fina l Configuratio nfo r TestingP.1 1

-10 -

Appendi x1Tes t No . Configuratio n Ga l GP Mg/ga l Disp . Pressur e Valv e Colo r and Location * Restricto r Spitbac k Caniste r & Valv e Location* * Ave . Pea k (i nH 2 0 ) (i nH 2 0 ) Comment s

1 Blu e stoc k (S ) non e 2 Whit e stoc k (S ) non e 3 Whit e stoc k (S ) non e 80- 1 Blu e Cente r (C ) non e N o N o N o Ye s 2.5 L

insid e 2.5 L insid e 4.0 L insid e 4.0 L insid e 1 0

1 0 1 0 20. 8

16. 5 16. 4 Stoc k tank 1/ 2 cup spitbac k Stoc k tank 1/ 4 cup spitbac k Stoc k tank 1/ 4 cup spitbac k 1 0 .0 2 19. 7 5.5** * 8.7** * 80- 2 Whit e Cente r (C ) non e 8 1 Blu e Cente r (C ) 1.05 0 G M rest . & tub e Ye s
Ye s 2.5 L

insid e 2.5 L insid e 5 .1 2 15. 6

,0 2 18. 2 9** * 4.9** *

,7** * 4.2** * Sligh t spitbac k Nozzl e wasn' t i n al l th e wa y

8 2 Whit e Cente r (C ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e Ye s 2.5 L insid e ,0 9 13. 8 1** * 5.2** *

8 3 Whit e Cente r (C ) 1.05 0 G M ° rest . & tub e Ye s 2.5 L outsid e .0 1 13. 8 x .i** * 5.3** * 8 4 Whit e Cente r (C ) 1.05 0 GM ° rest . & tub e Ye s 4.0 L outsid e 1 0 7 8** * Kickof f 3 X— - Valv e wa s bein g splashe d o n

* Se e Figur e 3 fo r ke yt o location . * * Insid e mean s caniste r insid e shed . Outsid e mean s outsid e shed . ** * Uncalibrate d data . Us e fo r estimatin g only .Tes t Tes t No .
8 5 8 6 89- 1 89- 2 89- 3 A 4 A 5 20 0 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 C Valve Colo r an d Location * Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) nnfiduratio n

Restricto r 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 1.05 0 G M rest . & tub e 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 1.05 0 GM rest . & tube 1.05 0 GM rest . & tube 1.05 0 GM rest . & tube 1.05 0 G M rest . & tube 1.05 0 G M rest . & tube 1.05 0 G M rest . & tub e Spitbac k

Valv e Ye s Ye s
Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s
Ye s
Ye s Ye s Ye s Caniste r & Location* * 4.0 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L 4.0 L 4.0 L Mod . insid e 4.0 L Mod . insid e 4.0 L Mod . insid e 4.0 L Mod . insid e 4.0 L Mo d insid e GP M

1 0 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 3 g/ga l

.0 2 .0 2 .0 8 .0 2

.0 1

.0 4 .0 4 .0 3 .0 5 .0 5 Ga l Ga l Disp . (i nH 2 0 ) 14. 3 14. 5 16. 7 14. 3

16. 5

17. 1 17. 3 16. 5 17. 1 17. 1 Pressur e

Ave . (i nH 2 0 ) 6.0** * 4.0** *

. 3 4. 2

4. 2

2. 9 2. 9 3. 0 .1 3 .1 2 Pea k 8.5** * 8.6** * 6. 6 8. 3

8. 3

8. 5 8. 2 8. 5 5. 7 5. 9 Comment s

Valv e move d t o sto p interferenc e

Ligui d sea l di d no t form

i — , 1 N o sea l Hig hfil l amoun t du e t o tan k misalignmen t Hig hfil l amoun t du e t o tan k misalignmen tTes t Tes t No . Configuratio n Valv e Colo r and Location * Restricto r Ga l Ga l GP Mg/ga l Dis p Spitbac k Caniste r & Valv e Location* * Pressur e Ave . Pea k (i nH 2 0 ) (i nH 2 0 ) Comment s

20 5 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 30 0 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 30 1 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 30 2 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 30 3 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1-05 0 G M rest . & tub e 30 4 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM rest . & tub e 30 5 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.05 0 GM res t _tub e 8 7 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.00 0 modifie d rest , wit h GMtub e 9 0 Whit e Rea r (B ) 1.00 0 modifie d rest , wit ha lip . & GMtub e y e s 4.0 L Mod . 3 .0 5 17. 0 insid e .1 3 5. 9

91- 3 Blu e Rea r (B ) 1.00 0 modifie d rest , wit hlip . and GMtub e y e s 4.0 L Mod . 1 0

Ye s 4.0 L Mod . 1 0 Ye s 4.0 L Mod . 1 0 ) Ye s 4.0 L Mod . 3 Ye s 4-0 L Mod . 3 Ye s 4.0 L Mod . 3 y e s 2.5 L 3 Ye s 2.5 L outsid e
Ye s 2.5 L outsid e 16. 1 16. 1 16. 1 17. 2 17. 3 17. 2

.0 7 13. 6 6. 5 N o emission s take n N o emission s take n N o emission s take n N o emission s take n N o emission s take n N o emission s take n N o sea l

4. 0 gal s i ntan k a t start . N o sea l forme d usin g blu e valve . ITes t Tes t No. _
91- 4

9 3 91- 2

10 1 11 2 11 3 97- 1 97- 2 10 2 10 3 9 2 B 2 C Valv e Colo r and Location * Whit e Rea r (B )
Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B )
Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) Whit e Rea r (B ) i-inf i miratio n 

### ' s i Restricto r 1.00 0 modifie d rest . wit hlip . and GMtub e 1.00 0 rest , tub e 1.00 0 modifie d rest , wit ha lip N o tube . .9 9 rest , tub e wit ha li p .9 9 rest , tub e 45 ° .9 9 rest , tub e 45 ° .95 0 plug n o tub e .95 0 plug n o tub e .9 5 plug n o tub e .9 5 plu g n o tub e .9 5 plug wit h GMtub e .9 5 rest , n o tub e »itback

Valv e Ye s

Ye s Ye s

Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Caniste r & Location* * 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L GP M

3

3 3

3 3 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 g/ga l

.0 7

.0 8

.0 7 .0 1 .0 6 .01 5 .0 6 .0 4 .0 5 .0 1 Ga l Ga l Disp . (i nH 2 0 ) 17. 1

16. 8

16. 7 15. 5 17. 2 16. 4 16. 9 14. 8 17. 1 15. 3 Pressur e

Ave . (i nH 2 0 )

. 3

.3 5

. 4 4. 2 .2 8 3. 0 .3 0 4. 7

. 3 4. 0 Pea k 3. 9

6. 2

5. 9 7. 9 5. 5 6. 7 6. 7 6. 5 4. 9 7. 5 .

Comment s

N o sea l

N o sea l

i i

Prematur e shutof f a t 3 ga l & 13. 2 ga l
Repeate d onc eTes t Tes t No . Configuratio n Ga l Ga l GP Mg/ga l Disp . Pressur e Valv e Colo r and Location * Restricto r Spitbac k Caniste r & Valv e Location* * Ave . Pea k (i nH 2 0 ) (i nH 2 0 ) Comment s

B 3 Whit e Rea r (B ) C I Whit e Rea r (B ) 95- 2 Whit e Rea r (B ) 9 6 Whit e Rea r (B ) .9 5 rest , n o tub e .9 5 rest , n o tub e .93 0 rest , tub e .93 0 rest . tub e Ye s 2.5 L Ye s 2.5 L Ye s Ye s 10 4 Whit e Rea r (B ) .9 3 rest , tub e Ye s 10 5 Whit e Rea r (B ) .9 3 rest , tub e Ye s A l Whit e Rea r (B ) A 2 Whit e Rea r (B ) 11 0 Whit e Rea r (B ) 11 1 Whit e Rea r (B ) .92 5 restricto r Ye s .92 5 rest . Ye s .90 0 modifie d Ye s rest , n o tub e .90 0 modifie d Ye s rest , n o tub e 10 6 Whit e Rea r (B ) .90 0 rest , tub e Ye s

10 8 Whit e Rea r (B ) .85 0 modifie d rest , n o tub e Ye s 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e

4.0 L outsid e ,0 6 16. 3 5. 1

1 0 .0 1 18. 5 3. 9 7. 5

1 0 .0 1 15. 5 3. 7 6. 7 3 .0 6 16. 9 .3 3 5. 6 1 0 .0 1 14. 8 3. 2 4. 5

1 0 .0 5 15. 8 2. 7 8. 4 1 1 1/ 2 RVP , Tem p o f 10 % - 95 ° F 2.5 L outsid e 2.5 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L outsid e 4.0 L 4.0 L 1 0

3 1 0 3 3 1 0 .0 2 .0 7 .00 7 .0 7 .0 5 .0 4 14. 6 17. 1 14. 9 16. 3 18. 1 1 7 3. 2

. 3 4. 5

. 3

. 3 4. 0 6. 8

6. 8 5. 7 7. 0 5. 8 7. 7 1 Prematur e shutof f

Nozzl e wa s no t i n al l th e wa y i U l I

Prematur a shutof f a t 13. 2 ga l Repeate d tes t and kicke d of f a t 3. 0 ga lTes t Tes t No . Configuratio n Ga l Ga l GP Mg/ga l Dis p Pressur e Valv e Colo r an d Location * Restricto r Spitbac k Caniste r & Valv e Location* * 10 9 Wh i„R-r(B > -BSO-l-if* - TM * u ° ^ rest , n o tub e 9 8 rest , n o tub e

10 7 Whit e Rea r (B ) .80 0 rest , n o tub e 9 4 Whit e Rea r (B ) .80 0 rest , tub e 95- 1 Whit e Rea r (B ) .80 0 rest , tub e outsid e

- 1 *it . Pea r (B , .80 0 modifie d Ye s 2 5 L outsid e
9 8 - 2 Wfcite Hea r ,B , -S^-difie d * " ^sid e modifie d Ye s 4.0 L outsid e Ye s 2.5 L

outsid e Ye s 2.5 L

outsid e 1 0

1 0 Ave . Pea k

(i nH 2 0 ) (i nH 2 0 )

3 .0 5 17. 1 3 .05 9 17. 2 -2 9 5. 3 1 0 .02 . 15. 1 3. 0 7. 0 3 .0 6 19. 8 .2 8 5. 0 4. 0 ,3 0 6. 1 Comment s

Kickof f a t . 6 and 1. 6 ga l
Kickof f 3 X i

6484 W