T hi s or derand j udgm enti s notbi ndi ng pr ece dent , exce ptundert he * doctr i nes of l aw of the ca s e, r es j udi cat a, and col l at er al es t oppel . I tm aybe ci t ed, how ever , fori t s per s uas i ve val ue cons i s t entw i t h Fed. R . A pp. P. 32. 1 and 10th C i r . R . 32. 1. 

## F I LED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit 

### Janu ary29,2007 Elisabeth A. Shumaker C lerk of C ourt UNI TED S TATES CO URT O F AP PEALS

T E N T H C I R C U I T UNI T E D S T A T E S OF AM E R I C A , Pl ai nt i ff- A ppel l ee, v. N o. 06- 2043 LEON A R D O RO D R I G U EZR E Y ES, D e fe n d a n t-A p p e llan t. ( D . C . No . CR- 0 5 - 1 1 9 6 RB) ( D . N ew M exi co)

ORDE R AND J UDGM E N T * B efor e B R I S C O E , E B E L , and TY M KOVI C H , C i rcui tJudg es.

A ft erexami ni ng t he br i efs and appe l l at e r ecor d, t hi s panel has det erm i ned unani m ous l yt o honort he part i es ’ r eques tfora dec i s i on on t he b r i e fs wi t h o u to r a l a r g u m e n t . S e e F e d . R. Ap p . P . 3 4 ( f) ; 1 0 t h Ci r . R. 3 4 .1 (G ). T h e c a s e is , th e re fo re , o rd e re d s u b m itte d w ith o u t o ra l a rg u m e n t. D efe ndantL eonar do R odr i guez- R ey es ( R odr i guez- R ey es ) ent er ed a-2-

condi t i onal gui l t ypl ea t o pos s es s i on w i t h i nt entt o di s t r i but e one hundr ed ki l ogr ams orm or e of mar ij uana i n vi ol at i on of 21 U . S. C . § 841( a) ( 1) , 21 U . S. C . § 841( b) ( 1) ( B ) , and 18 U . S. C . § 2. T he onl yi s s ue pr es ent ed for revi ew i s w hethert he d i stri ctcou rterr ed in den y i ng R od ri gu ez-R ey es’ m ot i on t o s uppr es s phy s i cal evi dence and s t at ement s i n rul i ng thatther e w as r eas onabl e s us pi ci on t hatR odr i guez- R ey es w as i nvol ved i n cr i m i nal act i vi t ys uffi ci entt o j us t i fyan i nves t i gat or ys t op bya r ovi ng B or derPat r ol a g e n t. W e e x e rc is e ju ri s d ic tio n p u rs u a n t to 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 a n d a ffir m . I . Factual B ackgr ound T he fol l ow i ng fac t s ar e bas ed upon the t es t i m onyof the tw o U ni t ed St at es B or derPat r ol A gent s , J os e A gui l ar( A gentA gui l ar ) and J es us Fl or es (A g e n t F lo re s), w h o tes tifie d a t th e h e a rin g o n R o d rig u e z -R e y e s’ m o tio n to s uppr es s . T hes e ar e al s o es s ent i al l ythe s ame factual fi ndi ngs m ade bythe d is tr ic t c o u rt in its o rd e r d e n y in g R o d ri g u e z -R e y e s ’ m o tio n to s u p p re s s . R odr i guez- R ey es does notcont es tanyof thes e fa ctual fi ndi ngs as bei ng cl ear l yerr oneous and ther e appe ar s t o be no r eas on t o di s countthe test im o n yo f e ith er o fficer. O n February24, 2005, betw een 7: 00 p. m . and 9: 00 p. m . , A gent A gui l arr ece i ved i nform at i on abouta s ens oral er tfourm i l es w es tof C ol um bus , N ew M exi co. T he al er ti ndi cat ed thats om eone, pr obabl yi n a vehi cl e, cr os s ed the U ni t ed St at es / M exi co bor deratthatl ocat i on. A gent- 3-

A gui l ar , w ho w as parked tw o t o t hr ee mi l es eas tof C ol um bus w hen he r ece i ved the s ens oral er ti nform at i on, deci ded t o i nves t i gat e and he heade d w es ton H i ghw ay9 pas tC ol um bus . A ti t s cl os es tpoi nt , H i ghw ay9, a tw ol ane pa ved r oad thatruns par al l el t o the U ni t ed St at es bor derw i t h M exi co, i s aboutone mi l e fr om t he bor der , and aboutthr ee t o fourm i l es fr om the b o rd e r g e n e ra lly . D u rin g d a y lig h t h o u rs, m o st o fth e tra ffic o n H ig h w a y9 is fa rm a n d ra n c h tr a ffic a n d th e re a re fe w to u ri s ts o n th is ro a d a fte r d a rk . T h e B o r d e rP a t r o l a p p r e h e n d s a l i e n a n d d ru g s m u g g l e r s o n H i g h w a y 9 a lm o s t d a ily. A ppr oxi m at el yone mi l e w es tof C ol um bus , A gentA gui l ars aw headl i ght s fr om a vehi cl e appr oachi ng hi m on H i ghw ay9. B as ed on the t i m i ng of the ac t i vat i on of the s ens orand hi s encount erw i t h thi s vehi cl e, A g e n t A g u ilar b e liev e d th a t th e v e h icle lik e lya c tiv a ted th e se n so r. H e d id notencount eranyot hervehi cl es comi ng fr om the ar ea w her e the s ens orw as l o c a t e d . A g e n tA g u i l a rp u l l e d t o th e s i d e o fth e r o a d a n d p a r k e d a ta fo r t yfi ve- degr ee a ngl e s o t hathe coul d geta bett erl ook atthe vehi cl e as i tdr ove by . T w entyt o t hi r t ys econds l at er , the vehi cl e w as cl os e enough forA gent A g u ila r t o id e n tifyit a s a J e e p G ra n d C h e ro k e e w ith A ri z o n a lic e n s e p la te s . H e a ls o s a w th a t th e re w a s fre s h , w e t m u d o n th e re a r o fth e v e h ic le . Fr om t hi s , and gi ven thati thad r ai ned i nt erm i t t ent l yoverthe pr evi ous few day s , A gentA gui l ars ur m i s ed thatthe mud i ndi cat ed thatthe C her okee-4-

h ad b ee n d ri v en o ff-roa d rec en tl y . H e a lso testi fied that there w ere num er ous uni m pr oved r oads comi ng fr om the M exi can bor dert o H i ghw ay9, w hi ch bec om e verym uddyi n r ai nyw eather . W i t hi n the fe w day s pr ece di ng February24, 2005, t he dayi n ques t i on, the B or derPat r ol had appr ehende d betw een fi ve an d ten “dri ve-throug hs, ” t hat i s, i nd i vidual s dri ving across t he U ni t ed St at es / M exi can bor deratpl ace s otherthan a portof entr y . A gent A gui l aral s o knew t hatdrug and al i en s m uggl er s pr efe r r ed SU V - t ype vehi cl es , as t heycoul d carr ya fa i ramount of ca r go, and al s o had “off- r oad” capa bi l i t i es . T he C her okee’ s A r i zona l i cens e pl at es al s o i ndi cat ed thatthe vehi cl e w as notl ocal and w as notpar tof the us ual tr affi c patt ern on H ig h w a y9 a t th a t tim e o fn ig h t. A s th e C h e ro k e e p a ss e d A g e n t A g u ilar, h e p ro c e e d e d to fo llo w it eas tbound on H i ghw ay9. A gentA gui l arnot i ced thatthe C her okee w as t r avel i ng ataboutfor t y - fi ve mi l es perhour , w hi ch w as t en mi l es bel ow the pos t ed s peed l i m i t . W hi l e fol l ow i ng t he C her okee, A gentA gui l arcont act ed t he El Pas o bor ders ect orand as ked them t o run a “72- hourl ane c heck, ” that i s , t o det erm i ne w hethert hi s par t i cul arvehi cl e had pa s s ed thr ough a por tof entr yw i t hi n t he pr ece di ng s eventy - t w o hour s , and t o chec k the r egi s t r at i on t o det erm i ne w hethert he C her okee ha d been r epor t ed as s t ol en. A gent A g u ilar w a s to ld th a t th e C h e ro k e e w a s re g iste re d to a w o m a n w h o liv e d in M esa , A ri zo n a a n d that ith ad n o t crosse d the b o rde r th rou g h a p o rto f e n try- 5-

w ith in th e la s t s e v e n ty-tw o h o u rs . W hen the C her okee a r r i ved atthe i nt er s ect i on of H i ghw ay9 and H i ghw ay11, i ts t opped and w ai t ed s om ew hatl ongerthan A gentA gui l ar w oul d have ge ner al l yexpec t ed. H i ghw ay11 i s a tw o- l ane pa ved hi ghw ay runni ng nor t h and s out h fr om t he por tof entr yi n C ol um bus t o D emi ng, N ew M exi co. A gentA gui l arcoul d nots ee i nt o the C her okee, butcoul d s ee that i tw as r i di ng l ow i n t he r ear , as i f i tw er e ca r r y i ng extr a pas s enger s orheavy car go. T her eaft er , t he C her okee tur ned nor t h on H i ghw ay11. A gent A gui l arcont i nued t o fol l ow t he C her okee thr ough C ol um bus . T he C her okee w a s n o w tra v e lin g a b o u t fiftee n m iles p e r h o u r b e lo w th e p o ste d sp e e d lim it o f th irty -five m il es p er h o u r. A g en t A g u il ar testi fied that this w as v ery u n u su a l, be c a u se d riv e rs u su a llye x c e e d th e sp e e d lim it an d d riv e fo rtyto for t y - fi ve mi l es perhouron t hi s por t i on of the hi ghw ay . H e t es t i fi ed furt her t hathe s us pect ed thatt he dr i verw as becomi ng nervous thathe w as bei ng fol l ow ed, al t hough he al s o t es t i fi ed thathe w as i n an unmar ked vehi cl e. A gentA gui l art hen ac t i vat ed hi s emer gencyequi pm entand s t opped t he C heroke e on H i gh w ay11 . H e app roached the d ri ver, R od ri gu ez-R ey es, and as ked hi m hi s ci t i zens hi p. R odr i guez- R ey es r es ponded i n br oken E n g lish th a t h e w a s a n A m e ric a n c iti z e n . A g e n t A g u ilar a sk e d h im first in E n g lis h , th e n in S p a n is h , w h e th e r t h e re w a s s o m e o n e e ls e in th e v e h ic le . R odr i guez- R ey es r es ponded affi r m at i vel yand ges tur ed t ow ar ds the bac k of- 6-

th e v e h icle . A g e n t A g u ilar a sk e d R o d rig u e z -R e y e s in S p a n ish ifh e c o u ld l ook i n t he bac k of the vehi cl e and Rodri guez- R ey es cons ent ed. U pon openi ng t he r eardoorof the C her okee, A gentA gui l ars aw bundl es cons i s t entw i t h t he pac kagi ng of m ar ij uana. N o one el s e w as i n the C her okee. A gentA gui l art ook R odr i guez- R ey es i nt o cus t odyand r adi oed a n o th e r B o rd e r P a tr o l A g e n t, A g e n t F lo re s , fo r a s s is ta n c e . A g e n t A g u ila r r e a d R o d ri g u e z -R e y e s h is M ir a n d a ri g h ts in S p a n is h . R odr i guez- R ey es s t at ed thathe under s t ood t hes e r i ght s and ans w er ed A gent A g u ilar’ s q u e stio n s. H e sta ted th a t h e h a d in ten d e d to d riv e th e C h e ro k e e to a r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a j u s twe s to fHi g h w a y1 1 a n d l e a v e i ti n a p a r k i n g l o t . He an ti cipa ted re ce iving $ 3 , 0 0 0 fo r his effo rt s. L aw en fo rce m en t office rs s ei zed a ppr oxi m at el y370 pounds of m ar ij uana fol l ow i ng t hei rs ear ch of the C her okee. II. A n a ly sis St andar ds governi ng ourr evi ew of a di s t r i ctcourt ' s rul i ng on a mot i on t o s uppr es s ar e w el l es t abl i s hed. U ni t ed St at es v. C antu, 87 F. 3d 1118, 1120 (1 0 th C ir. 1 9 9 6 ). W e c o n sid e r th e e v id e n c e in th e lig h t m o st fa v o ra b le to t h e p r e v a i l i n g p a r t y, h e r e t h e g o v e r n m e n t , a n d a c c e p tt h e d i s t r i c tc o u r t 's fac tual fi ndi ngs unl es s cl ear l yerr oneous . I d. ; U ni t ed St at es v. A nder s on, 114 F. 3d 1059, 1063 ( 10t h C i r . 1997) . B ut , t he “ul t i m at e det erm i nat i on of re a so n a b len e ss u n d e r th e F o u rth A m e n d m e n t is a q u e stio n o flaw re v iew a b le-7-

d e n o v o . ” U n it ed S tat es v . M cK issi ck , 2 0 4 F . 3 d 1 2 8 2 , 1 2 9 6 (10 th C ir . 2000) . T he defendantbear s t he bur den of e s t abl i s hi ng thatthe cha l l enged s t op vi ol at ed the Four t h A m endment . U ni t ed St at es v. L ong, 176 F. 3d 1304, 1 3 0 7 (1 0 th C ir . 1 9 9 9 ). R o d rig u e z -R e y e s e ss e n tiallya rg u e s th a t A g e n t A g u ilar v io late d h is Four t h A m endmentr i ghtt o be fr ee fr om unr eas onabl e s ear ch and s ei zur e, beca us e A gentA gui l aronl yhad a “ hunch, ” and nota r eas onabl e s us pi ci on, th a t R o d ri g u e z -R e y e s w a s s m u g g lin g a lie n s o r d ru g s w h e n h e w a s s to p p e d . C ont r aryt o R odr i guez- R ey es ’ vi ew of the evi dence , A gentA gui l arhad r eas onabl e art i cul abl e s us pi ci on t o s t op R odr i guez- R ey es ’ vehi cl e. C on si st ent w i t h the Fo urth A m end m ent’ s prohi bit i on against unr eas onabl e s ear ches and s ei zur es , B or derPat r ol agent s on r ovi ng patr ol a re p e rm itt e d to “ sto p v e h icle s o n lyifth e ya re a w a re o fsp e c ific a rticu lab le fa c ts, to g e th e r w ith ra tio n a l in fe re n c e s fro m th o se fa c ts, th a t re a so n a b ly w a rr a n t s u s p ic io n ” th a t th e o c c u p a n ts a re in v o lv e d in c ri m in a l a c tiv ity. Cantu , 87 F. 3 d a t11 2 1 ( q u o t i n g U n i t e d St a t e s v. Br i g n o n i - Pon c e , 42 2 U. S . 873, 884 ( 1975) ) . R eas onabl e s us pi ci on does “notr i s e t o t he l evel r equi r ed forpr obabl e ca us e, and i tfal l s cons i der abl ys hor tof s at i s fy i ng a p r e p o n d e r a n c e oft h e e v i d e n c e s t a n d a r d . ” U n i t e d St a t e s v. A r v i z u , 53 4 U. S . 266, 274 ( 2002) . R ather , “r eas onabl e s us pi ci on r epr es ent s a ‘ m i ni m um l evel of obj ect i ve j us t i fi cat i on. ’ ” U ni t ed St at es v. M endez , 118 F. 3d 1426, 1431- 8-

(1 0 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) ( q u o tin g U n ite d S ta te s v . S o k o lo w , 4 9 0 U .S . 1 , 7 (1 9 8 9 )) . I n det erm i ni ng w hethert her e i s r eas onabl e s us pi ci on t o s t op a ca ri n the bor derar ea, offi cer s m aycons i deranynum berof fa ct or s , i ncl udi ng: (1 ) [ th e ] c h a ra c ter istics o fth e a re a in w h ich th e v e h icle is encount er ed; ( 2) t he pr oxi m i t yof the ar ea t o the bor der ; ( 3) the us ual pat t erns of tr affi c on the part i cul arr oad; ( 4) the pr evi ous exper i ence of the age ntw i t h al i en tr affi c; ( 5) i nform at i on about rec en t i ll eg al bo rde r cro ssing s in the are a; (6) the d ri v er’s behavi or , i ncl udi ng anyobvi ous at t empt s t o evade offi cer s ; ( 7) as pect s of the vehi cl e, s uch as a s t at i on w agon w i t h conce al ed c o m p a rtm e n ts; a n d (8 ) th e a p p e a ra n c e th a t th e v e h icle is h e a v ily l oaded. U ni t ed St at es v. M ons i s vai s , 907 F. 2d 987, 989 ( 10t h C i r . 1990) ( ci t i ng B ri g n o n i- P o n ce , 4 2 2 U . S . at 88 4 -85 ). W hen eva l uat i ng an offi cer ’ s deci s i on t o s t op a vehi cl e, a courtm ay notengage i n a “di vi de- and- conqueranal y s i s ” byeval uat i ng and r ej ect i ng eac h fac t ori n i s ol at i on. A r vi zu, 534 U . S. at274; U ni t ed St at es v. G and ara- S al i nas, 32 7 F . 3d 11 27 , 11 30 (10t h C i r. 20 03 ). T his i s becau se fac t or s t hat , byt hemsel ves , m aybe “c ons i s t entw i t h i nnocenttr avel ” may col l ect i vel yamount t o r eas onabl e s us pi ci on. A r vi zu, 534 U . S. at274- 75 ( quot i ng Sokol ow , 490 U . S. at9) . R ather , “the t ot al i t yof the ci r cumst ance s

– th e w h o le p ictu re – m u st b e tak e n in to a c c o u n t. B a se d u p o n th a t w h o le p ictu re th e d e tain in g o ffice rs m u st h a v e a p a rticu lar ize d a n d o bjec tiv e b a sis fors us pect i ng t he part i cul arper s on s t opped of c r i m i nal act i vi t y . ” U ni t ed St at es v. C or t ez, 449 U . S. 411, 417- 18 ( 1981) . “I n al l s i tuat i ons the offi cer- 9-

i s ent i t l ed t o as s es s t he fa ct s i n l i ghtof hi s exper i ence i n det ect i ng i l l egal entr yand s m uggl i ng. ” B r i gnoni - Ponce, 422 U . S. at885. T h e d istric t co u rt fo u n d th a t A g e n t A g u ilar w a s a w a re o fsp e c ific art i culabl e facts , w hich, w hen t aken w i t h rat i on al i nferences from these fa c ts, in d ica ted R o d rig u e z -R e y e s’ v e h icle m ig h t h a v e b e e n in v o lv e d in cr i m i nal conduct . I n fac t , t he di s t r i ctcour tfound the maj or i t yof the B ri g n o n i- P o n ce fa ctors sa ti sfied in this ca se. S p ec ifi ca ll y , the d istri ct co u rt fo u n d that the fo ll o w ing fa cts, take n tog ethe r an d g iven A g en t A g u il ar’s k n o w led g e o flo c a l in h a b itan ts a n d th e v e h icle s th e yd ro v e , g a v e rise to reas on able s uspici on t o st op R od ri gu ez-R ey es: ( 1) R odr i guez- R ey es ’ [C her okee] , beca us e of i t s l ocat i on al ong [H i ghw ay ] 9, coul d have c aus ed the s ens oral er tthattr i gger ed s hor t l ybefor ehand; ( 2) t he [Cher okee] had a s i gni fi cantamount of m ud on i t s fende r s and bumperthatw as i ndi cat i ve, gi ven the rec en t r ain, ofa v eh icl e tha t had rec en tl ytr av eled alon g a d irt ro a d ; (3 ) m a n yd irt ro a d s ru n fro m th e M e x ica n B o rd e r to [ H ig h w a y ] 9 W e st o fC o lu m b u s, N e w M e x ico ; (4 ) th e v e h icle w a s tra v e lin g w e ll b e lo w th e p o ste d sp e e d lim it an d a p p e a re d to be ri ding l ow ; (5) t he [C heroke e] had A ri zon a l i cense p l at es; and ( 6) non- l ocal t r affi c i s hi ghl yunus ual al ong t hatpor t i on of [ H ig h w a y ] 9 , p a rticu lar lya t th a t ti m e o fn ig h t. Pl eadi ngs , V ol . 1, D oc. 26, p. 6. H er e, t he B r i gnoni - Ponce fa ct or s s uppor tthe conc l us i on t hatA gent A g u ilar’ s s to p o fth e C h e ro k e e w a s b a se d o n a re a so n a b le a n d a rticu lab le s us pi ci on t hati t s occupa ntw as engagi ng i n cr i m i nal act i vi t y . A gent A gui l arfi r s ts aw t he C her okee i n a r emot e ar ea w i t hi n a fe w m i l es of the- 10-

M e x ica n b o rd e r sh o rtlya fter a se n so r in d ica ted th a t a v e h icle ill e g a lly en tered the U n it ed S tat es. T h e C h ero k ee w as trav eli n g fro m the a rea w h ere th e s e n s o r h a d b e e n tr ip p e d , a n d th e re w e re n o o th e r v e h ic le s in th e a re a . T h e C h e ro k e e w a s m u d d y , su g g e stin g it h a d re c e n tlyb e e n o ff-ro a d , w h ich is cons i s t entw i t h t he theoryt hati thad j us tdr i ven off- r oad t o cr os s i nt o the U nit ed S t at es i l l egall y . M oreove r, the C heroke e had ou t -of- st at e plat es, w hi ch A gentA gui l art es t i fi ed w as unus ual gi ven thatus ual l ytr affi c atthat tim e o fn ig h t w a s a lm o s t e n tir e ly lo c a l. B ol s t er i ng t hes e fa ct s i s the addi t i onal fac tthatA gentA gui l arknew t hatt her e had be en betw een fi ve and t en i l l egal vehi cl es cr os s i ng i n the s ame ar ea w i t hi n t he pr ece di ng few day s and thatthe B or derPat r ol a p p re h e n d e d sm u g g ler s o fb o th a lien s a n d d ru g s o n a n a lm o st d a ilyb a sis in t hatar ea. M or eover , t he make of R odr i guez- R ey es ’ vehi cl e w as cons i s t ent w i t h a vehi cl e w el l - s ui t ed fort r ans por t i ng drugs , beca us e i thad ampl e ca r go s p a c e a n d c o u l d b e d r i v e n o ff- r o a d fr o m th e b o r d e rt o Hi g h w a y9 . T w o o ther fac tors h ea v il yfa v o r th e re aso n ab lene ss o f A g en t A g u il ar’s in v e stig a to rysto p . F irst, R o d rig u e z -R e y e s w a s d riv in g o n th e ro a d s in ques t i on m uch more s l ow l yt han one mi ghtgener al l yexpec t , even though A gentA gui l arw as fol l ow i ng hi m i n an unmar ked ca r . Second, the r earof th e C h e ro k e e a p p e a re d h e a v ilylo a d e d , w h ich is c lea rlya fu rth e r a rticu lab le fa c tc o n s i s t e n twi t h t h e t h e o r yth a tRo d r i g u e z - R e y e s wa s tr a n s p o r t i n g s o m e- 11-

fo rm o fc o n tr a b a n d . A l t ho ug h ther e m aybe an i nn ocen texp l anati on for each o ne o f t hese fac t s , as R odr i guez- R ey es hi m s el f ar gues , w e mustcons i derthes e fa ct s fr om t h e va n t a g e po i n tofa r e a s o n a b l e l a w e n fo r c e mentoff i c e r . A r v i z u , 53 4 U. S . at277- 78. M or eover , w e mustdefe rt o A gentA gui l ar ’ s abi l i t y , as an exper i ence d l aw enfor cementoffi cer , t o di s t i ngui s h betw een i nnocentand su sp icio u s a c ts. S e e U n ited S tate s v . W ill iam s, 2 7 1 F .3 d 1 2 6 2 , 1 2 6 8 (1 0 th C ir . 2 0 0 1 ). A g e n t A g u ilar’ s e x p e rie n c e w ith th e a re a , w h e n c o u p led w ith th e fa c ts present ed, gav e ri se t o reasonab l e suspi ci on t o st op R od ri gu ez-R ey es. R odr i guez- R ey es ’ carw as t he fi r s tvehi cl e A gentA gui l ars aw aft erthe s ens orw as t r i pped, R odr i guez- R ey es had out - of- s t at e pl at es , buthe w as dr i vi ng ata t i m e and pl ace w her e the onl yl egal tr affi c i s us ual l yl ocal , he w a s d riv in g v e ryslo w ly , an d , g iv e n th e fa c t h is v e h icle w a s rid in g lo w , it a p p e a re d h e w a s tra n sp o rtin g c o n tra b a n d . C o n sid e rin g a ll th e se fa c ts in l i ghtof A gentA gui l ar ’ s know l edge a nd exper i ence , w e conc l ude thatthe dis t ri ctcou rtdid not err i n d eny i ng the m oti on t o sup press . A F F I RMED . E n tered fo r th e C o u rt M aryB eck Bri s coe C i r cui tJ udge