[Cite as In re R.G., 2019-Ohio-570.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT 

 MIAMI COUNTY 

IN THE MATTER OF: R.G. : 

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Appellate Case No. 2018-CA-22 

Trial Court Case No. 21630456 

(Appeal from Common Pleas CourtJuvenile Division) 

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O P I N I O N 

Rendered on the 15th day of February, 2019. 

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AUTUMN H. WHITE, Atty. Reg. No. 0088672, 201 West Main Street, Second Floor, Troy, 

Ohio 45373 

 Attorney for Appellee, Miami County Children Services Board 

 

BYRON K. SHAW, Atty. Reg. No. 0073124, 4800 Belmont Place, Huber Heights, Ohio 

45424 

 Attorney for Appellant, Mother 

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TUCKER, J. 
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{¶ 1} Appellant (“Mother”) appeals from the juvenile court's judgment entry 

terminating parental rights to her minor child, R.G., and awarding permanent custody to 

appellee Miami County Children Services Board (MCCSB). Mother contends that the 

judgment was against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

{¶ 2} We conclude that the evidence in the record is sufficient to support the court's 

determination that the child could not be placed with either parent within a reasonable 

time or should not be placed with either parent. In addition, the court's decision that a 

permanent custody award to MCCSB was in the child's best interest was supported by 

competent, credible evidence. Finally, the court properly concluded that MCCSB made 

reasonable efforts to prevent the continued removal of the child and to reunify the family. 

Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed. 

I. Facts and Course of the Proceedings 

{¶ 3} MCCSB first came into contact with Mother and R.G. in August 2016, due to 

allegations that the child was the victim of sexual abuse and that Mother permitted 

multiple sex offenders to have unsupervised access to the child.1 MCCSB and Mother 

developed a voluntary case plan to address the problems. However, this attempt to 

address the issues was unsuccessful. 

{¶ 4} On December 5, 2016, MCCSB filed a dependency complaint alleging that 

three separate registered sex offenders had been allowed access to R.G. The complaint 

also alleged that Mother was unemployed and homeless. Mother executed a Voluntary 

 

1 The child, who was born in 2009, was seven at the time. 
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Agreement of Temporary Custody and the child was placed in foster care. 

{¶ 5} An adjudicatory hearing was conducted, and on January 20, 2017, R.G. was 

adjudicated dependent. A case plan for Mother was filed in conjunction with the 

dependency adjudication. The case plan required Mother to (1) obtain employment and 

stable housing; (2) complete parenting classes; (3) participate in family and individual 

counseling; and (4) submit to drug screens. 

{¶ 6} A motion seeking permanent custody was filed by MCCSB on October 2, 

2017. The magistrate conducted an in camera interview of R.G. on December 21, 2017. 

At that time, R.G. expressed her desire to live with her “birth mom,” but admitted that 

doing so would not be in her best interest. A dispositional hearing was conducted on 

December 27, 2017. At the beginning of the hearing, counsel for Mother requested that 

the court appoint an attorney to represent the child, since the child’s expressed wish to 

live with her Mother was in direct conflict with the report of the Court Appointed Special 

Advocate (CASA). The magistrate initially denied the motion. However, at the 

conclusion of the hearing, the magistrate reversed its decision and appointed 

independent counsel to represent R.G. Counsel was provided the hearing transcript and 

permitted to review the case file. Thereafter, an additional hearing was conducted in 

April 2017, at which time R.G.’s counsel was permitted to call all of the prior witnesses as 

if on cross-examination. 

{¶ 7} During the hearings, testimony was provided by Gerald Ramey, Ph.D., who 

was a psychologist at Dayton Children’s Medical Center. Ramey testified that R.G. was 

referred to him in March 2017 because of a history of possible sexual abuse. He testified 

that he conducted three evaluation sessions with R.G. and that he thereafter conducted 
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30 therapy sessions with her. According to Ramey, the foster parents attended every 

session. He testified that R.G. exhibited problems with bed wetting, emotional outbursts, 

problems at school, and masturbating in public, and that he diagnosed her as having 

adjustment disorder that was caused by abuse and neglect. 

{¶ 8} Ramey testified that R.G. “absolutely loves” Mother, but that Mother was a 

source of “incredible stress and strain” for R.G. He testified that R.G. takes on an adult 

role with Mother, worries about Mother’s welfare, and gets angry because Mother doesn’t 

do “the things that she [is] supposed to do.” He further testified that Mother’s failure to 

consistently visit with R.G. had caused the child “incredible anguish” and “serious harm” 

to the point he deemed it to be “borderline abusive.”2 Finally, Ramey testified that R.G. 

had shown improvement in her behavior, but that she remained a “very vulnerable child.” 

He testified that it was essential that R.G. have predictability and stability in her life 

{¶ 9} Following the hearing, the magistrate filed a decision awarding permanent 

custody of R.G. to MCCSB. The magistrate concluded that R.G. could not be placed 

with Mother within a reasonable time, and that she should not be placed with Mother, 

because Mother had failed to substantially remedy the conditions that caused R.G. to be 

placed in foster care. The magistrate further found that MCCSB had made diligent 

efforts to facilitate reunification. 

{¶ 10} Mother filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. On September 4, 

2018, the trial court overruled the objections and found by clear and convincing evidence 

that R.G. could not be returned to Mother’s care within a reasonable time, that MCCSB 

 

2 Although not a required part of her case plan, Mother failed to attend approximately half 

of the scheduled visitations with R.G. 
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had made reasonable efforts at reunification, and that it was in R.G.’s best interest to 

grant permanent custody to MCCSB. Mother appeals.3 

II. Analysis 

{¶ 11} Mother’s sole assignment of error provides as follows: 

THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT GRANTING PERMANENT 

CUSTODY TO MIAMI COUNTY CHILDREN SERVICES WENT AGAINST 

THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AND SHOULD BE 

REVERSED ACCORDINGLY. 

{¶ 12} Mother’s argument appears to center solely upon the claim that she 

completed her case plan goals and that the child, therefore, should have been returned 

to her custody. 

{¶ 13} R.C. 2151.414 authorizes a juvenile court to grant permanent custody to a 

children services agency upon a finding, by clear and convincing evidence, that the child 

cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time and that an award of 

permanent custody to the agency is in the child's best interest. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) 

{¶ 14} When evaluating whether a child can be placed with a parent within a 

reasonable time, a court must consider all relevant evidence. R.C. 2151.414(E). This 

statute identifies specific circumstances under which a trial court “shall enter a finding that 

the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be 

placed with either parent.” Id. One such circumstance exists when, “[f]ollowing the 

 

3 The child’s father is not a party to this appeal. He indicated that he had not seen the 

child for approximately six years and that he did not want custody. 
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placement of the child outside the child's home and notwithstanding reasonable case 

planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist the parents to remedy the problems 

that initially caused the child to be placed outside the home, the parent has failed 

continuously and repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to 

be placed outside the child’s home.” R.C. 2151.414(E)(1). “In determining whether the 

parents have substantially remedied those conditions, the court shall consider parental 

utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and rehabilitative 

services and material resources that were made available to the parents for the purpose 

of changing parental conduct to allow them to resume and maintain parental duties.” Id.

{¶ 15} When evaluating whether a child’s best interest would be served by granting 

a motion for permanent custody, R.C. 2151.414(D) requires a juvenile court to consider 

certain factors including: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with the 

child’s parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any 

other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child, as 

expressed directly by the child or through the child’s guardian ad litem, with due regard 

for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; (4) the child’s need for a 

legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved 

without a grant of permanent custody to the agency; and (5) whether any factors listed 

under R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11) apply. 

{¶ 16} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody to the State and to 

terminate parental rights must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio 

Supreme Court has defined “clear and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree 

of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the 
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allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere 

preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as required beyond a reasonable 

doubt as in criminal cases. It does not mean clear and unequivocal.” In re Estate of 

Haynes, 25 Ohio St.3d 101, 104, 495 N.E.2d 23 (1986). 

{¶ 17} On appeal of a termination of parental rights, this court applies an abuse of 

discretion standard, and we will not disturb the trial court’s decision if the record contains 

competent, credible evidence upon which the court could determine that the statutory 

elements for termination of parental rights have been established. In re L.C., 2d Dist. 

Clark No. 2010 CA 90, 2011-Ohio-2066, ¶ 14. 

{¶ 18} When this case was opened, Mother did not have stable housing or food 

and R.G. was not attending school. After MCCSB gained temporary custody of R.G., 

Mother refused to disclose where she was residing. MCCSB later learned that she had 

been in and out of a homeless shelter during August and September 2017. In October 

2017, Mother moved to Montgomery County where she began residing with a male friend 

and his father. During a visit to the residence, it was determined that Mother was sharing 

a bedroom with her male friend, the father had his own bedroom, and the third bedroom 

was used for the friend’s son. There was no bedroom designated for R.G. Mother was 

not paying rent for the residence and had no lease. During a later visit to the home, the 

caseworker smelled the odor of marijuana. Mother stated that one of the men in the 

residence smoked marijuana. Mother testified that the housing was not permanent and 

that she was looking for housing. However, she testified that she could not afford a onebedroom apartment at that time. 

{¶ 19} Mother did not report any income to MCCSB until July 2017, when she 
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informed the caseworker that she would be working at a fast-food restaurant and a 

factory. However, when later asked to produce pay stubs, Mother admitted that she had 

not started either job. In August, Mother informed MCCSB that she was working at a 

restaurant, but again, she did not produce any pay stubs. She did obtain employment in 

October at a restaurant. However, it was determined that she was either on probation 

or had lost that job after two months, in part for failing to report to work on time. Mother 

did not present proof of present employment at either the December 2017 or the April 

2018 permanent custody hearings. 

{¶ 20} The juvenile court found that Mother had failed to substantially comply with 

the terms of her case plan because she had not obtained stable housing and employment. 

We conclude that this finding was supported by the record. 

{¶ 21} The court further determined that awarding permanent custody of the child 

to MCCSB was in the best interest of the child. The record makes it clear that R.G. loved 

and was bonded to her Mother, and that R.G. had expressed the desire to live with 

Mother. However, it was also clear that Mother remained unable to provide basic 

necessities to the child. 

{¶ 22} The record also supports a finding that R.G. had bonded with her foster 

parents and that she referred to them as “mom and dad.” The foster parents had 

expressed the desire to adopt R.G. The record shows that they had attended all of 

R.G.’s counseling sessions with Dr. Ramey and had diligently implemented all 

suggestions made by Ramey. Ramey testified that the foster parents were the “most 

conscientious” foster parents he had met. He further testified that R.G.’s behaviors had 

“stabilized” and that she had responded “exceptionally well” to the consistent routines and 
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clear guidelines set by the foster parents. 

{¶ 23} R.G. was in the custody of her Mother from birth until she was placed in 

foster care. During that time, they lived with multiple people at different times and never 

had stable housing or food. R.G. had lived with the same foster parents since she was 

taken into MCCSB custody and had made progress in her behavior due to the stability of 

the foster home. 

{¶ 24} The CASA volunteer recommended that custody be awarded to MCCSB 

due to Mother’s failure to obtain housing or employment. Ramey testified that the child 

needed immediate placement in a stable, predictable environment. 

{¶ 25} We conclude that the record supports the finding that an award of 

permanent custody to MCCSB was in the child’s best interest. 

{¶ 26} Finally, we turn to the issue of whether MCCSB made reasonable efforts to 

reunify Mother and R.G. We have defined “reasonable efforts” as “a good faith effort 

which is ‘an honest, purposeful effort, free of malice and the desire to defraud or to seek 

an unconscionable advantage.’ ” In re Secrest, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19377, 2002-

Ohio-7096, ¶ 13, citing In re Cranford, 2d Dist. Montgomery Nos. 17085 and 17105, 1998 

WL 412454 (2d Dist.1998). “The issue is not whether [MCCSB] could have done more, 

but whether it did enough to satisfy the “reasonableness” standard under the statute.” 

Id. (Citation omitted.) 

{¶ 27} In this case, MCCSB made referrals for Mother to obtain the necessary 

classes and counseling that were set out in her case plan. Further, MCCSB maintained 

contact with Mother and reviewed her case plan with her on a monthly basis. Indeed, 

prior to filing a complaint for dependency, MCCSB attempted to work with Mother on a 
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voluntary basis. Thus, we conclude that the record supports the court’s finding that 

MCCSB made reasonable efforts toward reunification. 

{¶ 28} Mother’s sole assignment of error is overruled. 

III. Conclusion 

{¶ 29} Mother’s sole assignment of error being overruled, the judgment of the 

juvenile court is affirmed. 

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DONOVAN, J. and FROELICH, J., concur. 

Copies sent to: 

Autumn H. White 

Byron K. Shaw 

Joseph Fulker 

Hon. Scott Altenburger