### APPENDIX 5D. RESULTS OF THE VOLTAGE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
5D.1 INTRODUCTION

.............................................................................................................. ... 2 5D.2 Graphical Results of the Voltage Sensitivity Runs

................................................................ 3 5D.3 Tabular Review of the Voltage Sensitivity Run Results

....................................................... 7

LIST OF TABLES Table 5D.1 Baseline and Sensitivity Voltages for Design Lines Analyzed

.................................... 2 Table 5D.2 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 2, M3CuAl

......................................... 8 Table 5D.3 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 2, M2CuCu

........................................ 8 Table 5D.4 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 3, M3CuAl

......................................... 9 Table 5D.5 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 3, M2CuCu

...................................... 10 Table 5D.6 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 4, M3CuAl

....................................... 10 Table 5D.7 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 4, M2CuCu

...................................... 11 Table 5D.8 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 5, M3CuAl

....................................... 12 Table 5D.9 Results of Voltage Sens itivity for Design Line 5, M2CuCu

...................................... 12

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5D.1 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL2 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitiv ity

........................ 3 Figure 5D.2 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL2 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitiv ity

....................... 4 Figure 5D.3 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL3 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitiv ity

........................ 4 Figure 5D.4 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL3 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitiv ity

....................... 5 Figure 5D.5 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL4 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitiv ity

........................ 5 Figure 5D.6 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL4 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitiv ity

....................... 6 Figure 5D.7 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL5 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitiv ity

........................ 6 Figure 5D.8 Engineering Analysis Resu lts for DL5 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitiv ity

....................... 7

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### APPENDIX 5D. RESULTS OF THE VOLTAGE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
5D.1 INTRODUCTION In response to the notice of proposed ru lem aking (NOPR), stakeholders expressed concern that if the DOE set the standard level too high, it might eliminate certain voltage classes from the market. DOE understands that it sel ected common voltages as its baseline units for evaluation in the engineering anal ysis, but that there are other voltages that may not be common, but are specified in distribution networks in the United States. Therefore, DOE conducted a sensitivity analysis on its engine ering analysis by considering certain other voltage classes with higher BIL ratings relative to the baseline units be ing studied. As the BIL rating increases, so manufacturers must add more insulation around the windings, increasing the distance of the magnetic flux pathway, and thereby increasing losses. DOE understands that all else held equal, distribution transformers with higher BIL ratings will have lower resulting efficiency values. This appendix contains the summary of the results of the sensitivity analysis conducted on the voltages with higher BIL ratings f or certain liquid-immerseddesign lines. This issue was not evaluated for medium-voltage dry-type distribution tran sformers, because DOE already created product classes that groupe d medium-voltage dry-type transformers by insulation class. That is, DOE grouped medium-voltage dry-type tran sformers with ratings of 20 to 45 BIL in one class, ratings of 46 to 95 BIL in second class and 96 and higher BIL in a third class. The following table identifies exactly which li quid-immersed voltages were used in the reference case and which were used in the sensitivity case.
Table 5D.1 Baseline and Sensitivity Voltages for Design Lines Analyzed Design Line Baseline Conditions Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltage Secondary Voltage Primary Voltage Secondary Voltage DL2 14400 240/120V 34500GRDY/19920 (150kV BIL) 240/120V

DL3 14400 277/120V 34500GRDY/19920 (150kV BIL) 277V

DL4 12470Y/7200 208Y/120V 34500GRDY/19920 (150kV BIL) 208Y/120V

DL5 24940GRDY/14400 408Y/277V 34500GRDY/19920 (150kV BIL) 208V

Changing only the voltages as shown in the table above, two engineering analyses were conducted at each sensitivity – one u sing M3Cu Al and one using M2CuCu. These two design option combinations were selected because of th e broad range of efficiencies they encompassed, and because they represent the highest efficiencylevel that can be achieved with conventional core steel. Other than changing the voltages, th ese two design option combinations were treated

5D-2

### in exactly the same way as all the other design option combinations analy zed for the engineering analysis. The approach used by DOE in conducting this analysis is discussed in detail in TSD Chapter 5.

5D.2 GRAPHICAL RESUL TS OF THE VOLTAGE SENSITIVITY RUNS This section of the appendix presents a series of graphs which depict graphically the results of the sensitivity analysis. These graphs illustrate the impact of the voltage sensitivity analysis, causing the efficiency curve to shift up (more expensive) and to the left (less efficient). There are eight graphs in this section, presenti ng the two design option combinations for each of the four voltage sensi tivity cases separately.

Pri l l itivi l

$500 $700 $900 $1,100 $1,300 $1,500 $1,700

DL2 Reference DL2 Voltage Sensitivity mary Vo tages: Reference:14400 Vo ts Sens ty: 34500GRDY/19920 Vo ts-150 BIL

98.40% 98.50% 98.60% 98.70% 98.80% 98.90% 99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 

### Figure 5D.1 Engineering Analysis Results for DL2 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitivity

5D-35D-4 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $1,800

98.20% 98.40% 98.60% 98.80% 99.00% 99.20% 99.40% DL2 Reference DL2 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference:14400 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.2 Engineering Analysis Results for DL2 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitivity

$3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 $11,000 $12,000

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% DL3 Reference DL3 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference:14400 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.3 Engineering Analysis Results for DL3 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitivity5D-5 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% 99.70% DL3 Reference DL3 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference:14400 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.4 Engineering Analysis Results for DL3 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitivity

$2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500 $4,000 $4,500 $5,000 $5,500 $6,000

98.20% 98.40% 98.60% 98.80% 99.00% 99.20% 99.40% DL4 Reference DL4 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference:12470Y/7200 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.5 Engineering Analysis Results for DL4 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitivity5D-6 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500 $4,000 $4,500 $5,000 $5,500 $6,000 $6,500 $7,000

98.40% 98.50% 98.60% 98.70% 98.80% 98.90% 99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% DL4 Reference DL4 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference:12470Y/7200 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.6 Engineering Analysis Results for DL4 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitivity

$- $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 $40,000

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% DL5 Reference DL5 Voltage Sensitivity Primary Voltages: Reference: 24940GRDY/14400 Volts Sensitivity: 34500GRDY/19920 Volts-150 BIL



### Figure 5D.7 Engineering Analysis Results for DL5 M3CuAl Voltage Sensitivity$40,000

$35,000

$30,000

$25,000

$20,000

$15,000

$10,000

$5,000

$- l itivi i l / l

itivi / l

DL5 Reference DL5 Vo tage Sens ty Pr mary Vo tages: Reference: 24940GRDY 14400 Vo ts Sens ty: 34500GRDY 19920 Vo ts-150 BIL

99.00% 99.10% 99.20% 99.30% 99.40% 99.50% 99.60% 99.70% 

### Figure 5D.8 Engineering Analysis Results for DL5 M2CuCu Voltage Sensitivity

5D.3 TABULAR REVIEW OF THE VOLTA GE S ENSITIVITY RUN RESULTS This section of the appendix presents a numerical evaluati on of the results conducted for the voltage sensitivity runs. The tables provide a more detailed look at the impact of the voltage sensitivity run at each of the trial standard levels (TSLs). The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 2, a 25 kVA single-pha se pole-mount liquid-immersed di stribution transformer. This transformer using the M3CuAl design option comb ination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 12.2% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.14, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.00 percent efficient, w ould now be 98.86 percent efficient. If the efficiency value is outside the range of available designs for this voltage sensitivity analysis, that cell in th e table is marked with an ‘n/a’.

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### Table 5D.2 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 2, M3CuAl DL2 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 98.70 12.2% n/a $664.99 $746.05 n/a TSL2 98.73 9.1% n/a $676.15 $737.62 n/a TSLD 98.79 11.6% (0.20) $704.44 $786.40 98.59 TSLC 98.91 13.0% (0.12) $788.60 $891.47 98.79 TSLB 98.91 13.0% (0.12) $788.60 $891.47 98.79 TSL3 98.76 11.6% n/a $684.06 $763.37 n/a TSL4 98.79 11.6% (0.20) $704.44 $786.40 98.59 TSLA 99.04 13.6% (0.06) $979.28 $1,112.92 98.98 TSL5 98.96 13.6% (0.11) $827.94 $940.48 98.85 TSL6 99.46 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 12.2% (0.14) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.


### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 2, a 25 kVA single-pha se pole-mount liquid-immersed di stribution transformer. This transformer using the M2CuCu design option comb ination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 5.6% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.12, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.00 percent efficient, w ould now be 98.88 percent efficient. Table 5D.3 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 2, M2CuCu DL2 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 98.70 4.7% (0.11) $717.90 $751.54 98.59 TSL2 98.73 6.2% (0.14) $716.52 $761.09 98.59 TSLD 98.79 6.8% (0.15) $735.30 $785.38 98.64 TSLC 98.91 5.0% (0.14) $797.37 $837.16 98.77 TSLB 98.91 5.0% (0.14) $797.37 $837.16 98.77 TSL3 98.76 5.0% (0.15) $731.78 $768.72 98.61 TSL4 98.79 6.8% (0.15) $735.30 $785.38 98.64 TSLA 99.04 7.4% (0.04) $1,005.48 $1,080.35 99.00 TSL5 98.96 3.8% (0.04) $854.06 $886.67 98.92 TSL6 99.46 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 5.6% (0.12) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.

5D-8

### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 3, a 500 kVA single-phase round-tank liquid-immersed distribution transformer. This transformer using the M3CuAl design option combination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 7.0% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.03, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.40 percent efficient, w ould now be 99.37 percent efficient. Table 5D.4 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 3, M3CuAl DL3 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 99.30 2.4% (0.03) $4,296.35 $4,401.46 99.27 TSL2 99.38 11.4% (0.01) $4,660.64 $5,191.34 99.37 TSLD 99.38 11.4% (0.01) $4,660.64 $5,191.34 99.37 TSLC99.42 2.7% (0.03) $5,035.88 $5,169.82 99.39 TSLB 99.47 4.4% (0.03) $5,581.20 $5,829.30 99.44 TSL3 99.46 2.6% (0.04) $5,561.08 $5,708.29 99.42 TSL4 99.54 14.0% (0.05) $7,022.08 $8,007.04 99.49 TSLA 99.54 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL5 99.74 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.75 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 7.0% (0.03) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.


### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 3, a 500 kVA single-phase round-tank liquid-immersed distribution transformer. This transformer using the M2CuCu design option combination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 4.9% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.04, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.40 percent efficient, it w ould now be 99.36 percent efficient.

5D-9

### Table 5D.5 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 3, M2CuCu DL3 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 99.30 4.4% (0.07) $4,455.54 $4,653.12 99.23 TSL2 99.38 5.5% (0.04) $4,661.25 $4,916.02 99.34 TSLD 99.38 5.5% (0.04) $4,661.25 $4,916.02 99.34 TSLC99.42 3.4% (0.06) $4,900.03 $5,067.81 99.36 TSLB 99.47 6.0% (0.02) $5,479.85 $5,807.16 99.45 TSL3 99.46 3.0% (0.04) $5,226.04 $5,383.42 99.42 TSL4 99.54 6.4% (0.03) $6,510.92 $6,927.42 99.51 TSLA 99.54 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL5 99.74 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.75 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 4.9% (0.04) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price. 

### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 4, a 150 kVA three-phase pad-mount li quid-immersed distributi on transformer. This transformer using the M3CuAl design option comb ination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 31.6% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.27, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.20 percent efficient, it w ould now be 98.93 percent efficient. Table 5D.6 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 4, M3CuAl DL4 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 98.90 24.4% (0.37) $2,868.06 $3,567.36 98.53 TSL2 99.08 33.5% (0.21) $3,460.18 $4,617.82 98.87 TSLD 99.08 33.5% (0.21) $3,460.18 $4,617.82 98.87 TSLC 99.08 33.5% (0.21) $3,460.18 $4,617.82 98.87 TSLB 99.08 33.5% (0.21) $3,460.18 $4,617.82 98.87 TSL3 99.26 n/a (0.25) $4,757.38 n/a 99.01 TSL4 99.26 n/a (0.25) $4,757.38 n/a 99.01 TSLA 99.19 n/a (0.44) $4,086.81 n/a 98.75 TSL5 99.58 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.61 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 31.6% (0.27) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.

5D-10

### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 4, a 150 kVA three-phase pad-mount li quid-immersed distributi on transformer. This transformer using the M2CuCu design option comb ination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 27.1% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.26, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.20 percent efficient, it w ould now be 98.94 percent efficient. Table 5D.7 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 4, M2CuCu DL4 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 98.90 18.7% (0.38) $2,949.41 $3,500.52 98.52 TSL2 99.08 29.1% (0.28) $3,339.14 $4,312.37 98.80 TSLD 99.08 29.1% (0.28) $3,339.14 $4,312.37 98.80 TSLC 99.08 29.1% (0.28) $3,339.14 $4,312.37 98.80 TSLB 99.08 29.1% (0.28) $3,339.14 $4,312.37 98.80 TSL3 99.26 n/a (0.21) $4,434.48 n/a 99.05 TSL4 99.26 n/a (0.21) $4,434.48 n/a 99.05 TSLA 99.19 n/a (0.16) $4,009.14 n/a 99.03 TSL5 99.58 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.61 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 27.1% (0.26) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.


### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 5, a 1500 kVA three-phase pad-mount liquid-immersed distribution transformer. This transformer using the M3CuAl design option combination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 7.1% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.06, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.40 percent efficient, it w ould now be 99.34 percent efficient.

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### Table 5D.8 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 5, M3CuAl DL5 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 99.30 -0.2% 0.00 $12,682.26 $12,651.01 99.30 TSL2 99.36 2.4% (0.07) $13,136.26 $13,455.19 99.29 TSLD 99.42 8.0% (0.08) $13,905.54 $15,019.85 99.34 TSLC99.42 8.0% (0.08) $13,905.54 $15,019.85 99.34 TSLB 99.47 11.8% (0.04) $17,643.58 $19,726.28 99.43 TSL3 99.42 8.0% (0.08) $13,905.54 $15,019.85 99.34 TSL4 99.47 11.8% (0.04) $17,643.58 $19,726.28 99.43 TSLA 99.54 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL5 99.71 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.71 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 7.1% (0.06) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.


### The following table presents the results for the voltage sensitivity analysis conducted on design line 5, a 1500 kVA three-phase pad-mount liquid-immersed distribution transformer. This transformer using the M2CuCu design option combination. The voltage sensitivity analysis found an average increase in price of approximately 16.9% and a reduction in efficiency of 0.08, meaning a design that had otherwise been 99.40 percent efficient, it w ould now be 99.32 percent efficient. Table 5D.9 Results of Voltage Sensitivity for Design Line 5, M2CuCu DL5 TSL Change in MSP* Change in Efficiency Baseline Voltage MSP Sensitivity Vol tage MSP Sensitivity Voltage Efficiency [%] [%] [%] [$] [$] [%] TSL1 99.30 16.6% (0.11) $11,491.76 $13,404.25 99.19 TSL2 99.36 12.3% (0.09) $12,372.38 $13,895.03 99.27 TSLD 99.42 16.2% (0.07) $13,466.22 $15,652.68 99.35 TSLC 99.42 16.2% (0.07) $13,466.22 $15,652.68 99.35 TSLB 99.47 20.2% (0.07) $15,227.23 $18,296.21 99.40 TSL3 99.42 16.2% (0.07) $13,466.22 $15,652.68 99.35 TSL4 99.47 20.2% (0.07) $15,227.23 $18,296.21 99.40 TSLA 99.54 9.0% (0.07) $22,348.02 $24,355.59 99.47 TSL5 99.71 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TSL6 99.71 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Average 16.9% (0.08) * MSP is an abbreviation for th e Manufacturer’s Selling Price.

5D-12