### Nalco, Inc.’s Request that EPA Reco nsider Its Registration for Ammonia Products as Precursors to Chloramine used in Water Treatment and Provide Assurance that there is No Risk of En forcement During The Reconsideration and Any Necessary Transition Period December 4, 2007 Ammonia and ammonium compounds (hereinafter referred to collectively as ammonia) have for well over 50 years been used in connect ion with chlorine in water treatment. EPA, including the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has been aware of, and acknowledged this practice. This longstanding pract ice was based upon EPA’s histor ic position that ammonia does not require registration under th e Federal Insecticide, Fungicide , and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In a recent decision, however, EPA registered amm onia when it is used to generate chloramines in situ for pulp and paper mill slimicide uses. See EPA Reg. No: 1448-432 for Buckman Laboratories, Inc., (March 6, 2007). The registration was granted withou t prior notice to the regulated community, apparently without consider ation within the Agency of the rationale for EPA’s historic position and for a change in that position, or of the potential impact of this precedent-setting decision on the many users of chlorine for water treatment. As explained below, Nalco submits that EPA should reconsider its de cision to register ammonia used in connection with chlorine in water treatment. Ammonia does not require registration for a broad range of reasons:

• Ammonia does not have antimicrobial activity. In fact, ammonia is a nitrogen source and can actually promote microbial growth. If its addition is not closely controlled, ammonia and its production of chloramines can interfere with the ability of chlorine to disinfect wate r effectively.

• The addition of ammonia to chlorine-b ased water treatment systems is not needed for the in situ generation of an antimicrobial active ingredient. The addition of ammonia is intended to sequest er or otherwise temper the activity of the pesticidally active chlorine compounds in the water. The antimicrobial activity is provided by chlorine, which is registered and therefore controlledby EPA. Therefore, it is inappropriate to view chloramines as a separate new active ingredient.

• EPA historically and currently does not require regist ration of compounds used in conjunction with pesticide activ e ingredients for the same purpose that ammonia is used with chlorine in water treatment systems. There are numerous examples of compounds that interact chemically with pesticide active ingredients to enhance, sequester or otherwise impact the performance of the active ingredient, in cluding, for example, cyanur ic acid used to stabilize chlorine in swimming pools. These ar e viewed as unregulated adjuvants. Similarly, activators for in situ gene ration of both chlorine dioxide and brominated water treatment compounds are unregulated.

• The registration also is puzzling from a procedural perspective. AD took credit for registering ammonia as a “new use for an existing active ingredient.” However, it is possible chloramines should be considered as new active ingredients, since EPA purports that ammonia is precursor to chloramines. Putting aside the fact that EPA has known about these compounds since the Agency was formed, there is no indication that the Agency has taken steps to register chloramines as a new active. In the event EPA believes it really is seeking to control the new unregistered active ingredient, chloramines, registration of ammonia remains inappropriate. As in the case of chlorine diox ide, which is generated in situ , only the precursor that contributes the active ingredient should be regulated by EPA. For chlorine dioxide, that is sodium chlorite or so dium chlorate, as demonstrated by the recent Chlorine Dioxide RED. For chloramines, only the chlorine source could similarly require regist ration. Since chlorine alr eady is registered, it is inconsistent with longstandi ng practice to also register the non-active portions of an in situ generated active.

• Further from a procedural perspectiv e, pursuant to FIFRA § 3(c)(4) and 40 CFR § 152.102, the Agency is required to publish in the Federal Register a notice of receipt of each application th at proposes a new use. There is no record of any such publication. Fu rther, FIFRA § 3(c)(4) and 40 CFR § 152.102 require that the Agency publish a notice of issuance in the Federal Register after registration, summarizi ng the regulatory conclusions, conditions for submission of any missing inform ation, and responding to comments on the notice of application. There is no record of any such publication. Both the process and substance of the ammonia registration are flawed. For these reasons, Nalco respectfully suggest that EPA should re-evaluate its position with regard to registration of ammonia used w ith chlorine in water treatment and withdraw as improperly granted the registration it has granted. While th at reevaluation conti nues, to avoid further

- 2 -disrupting those markets that use ammonia in connection with chlorine based water treatment, as well as other chemistries and technologies th at might be impacted, Nalco requests EPA to promptly issue a public statement making clear th at both unregistered a nd registered products may be used in compliance with FIFRA. EPA also should provide assurance that, once a final decision is made, vendors and users of subject chemistries and technologies will have an adequate period of time to come into compliance.

I. The Chemistry of Chlorine in Antimicrobial Water Treatment Chlorine chemistry in water systems is complex and dynamic. Chlorine is highly reactive. In water systems, use of chlorine results in multiple competing reactions modified by temperature, pH, the chlorine:nitrogen ratio, ot her compounds present in the water, and many other factors. In chlorine-based water disinfectio n systems, there is both “free chlorine” (which refers to the sum of the con centrations of hypochlorous acid a nd hypochlorite ions) and “residual chlorine” (which refers to chlorine by-products, including chloramines, as well as many other chlorine-containing compounds ). The objective in water treatment is to maintain an adequate level of the free chlorine (hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions) for long enough to obtain appropriate biocidal efficacy. “Many inorganic and organic molecules that occur in raw water exert a “demand” i.e., a capacity to react with and c onsume the disinfectant. Therefore, higher “demand” waters require a greater dose to achieve a specific concen tration of the active speci es of disinfectant. This demand must be satisfied to ensure adequate biocidal treatment.” (NRC 1980) One of the normal reaction by-products that occur in water treatment with chlorine compounds is formation of nitrogen-chlorine compounds, referred to as chloramines. For example, several chloramines form in chlorina ted swimming pool water as the chlorine reacts

- 3 -with perspiration, oils, and urine from swimmers. See American Chemistry Council, 2006 at www.americanchemistry.com/s_chlorine/sc ience_sec.asp?CID=1270&DID=4750&CTYPEID=1 13&css=print; See also In the Matter of N. Jonas & Co., Inc. , 1978 WL 14270 at Findings of Fact para. 25 (1978). The term “chloramines” re fers to a large and dive rse group of both organic and inorganic compounds containi ng both nitrogen and chlorine. Formation and dissolution of chloramine species are highly variable and dependent upon relative concentrations, pH, temperature and other factors. Many of these residual, chloramine forms of chlorine are completely inactive as biocides. Some of the re sidual chloramine forms of chlorine retain some of the chlorine efficacy, albeit in a re duced manner. As EPA has recognized, “The sanitizing properties or oxidizing effects of chlorinating agents such as chlorine, can be either associated with hypochlorous acid or with the hypochlorite an ion. . . . The most common redox reactions are: (a) oxidation of reduced inorgani c matter, such as iron(II), manganese(II), nitrite, and sulfide; (b) reac tions with ammonia and organic nitrogen (formation of chloroamines); (c) reactions with phenols; (d) reac tions with an acetyl group to form chloroform; (e) addition to double bonds (Snoeyink et al., 1980).” (EPA/OPP, 1995.Free residual chlori ne is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of chlorination, which in turn is also a measur ement of the available chlorine in solution (Wojtowicz, 1978). There are many chlorine by- products that are formed as a result of chlorination of organic compounds. Chloroamines , for example, are formed as a result of chlorination of amines in the effluent str eam or receiving body of water.” (EPA/OPP, 1995. RED for Chlorine Gas, page 23) As long ago as the early 1900’s, it was recogniz ed that modifying conditions to favor the formation of certain of the natural chloramine reaction by-products can reduce the need for free chlorine. These chloramines sequester chlorine , rendering it less reactiv e but retaining some level of efficacy. See EPA Guidance Manual for Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants, EPA 815-R-99-014, at §6.3.1 (April 1999). This stabilized or sequestered chlorine allows less free chlorine to be added to the system wh ile still meeting the disinfectant demand. See Id. at §6. Adjusting the dynamics of the system by modifyi ng the nitrogen:chlorine balance typically is

- 4 -accomplished by adding ammonia compounds as a ni trogen source. (However, in all cases, biocidal activity is a result of the chlo rine, not the ammonia or amine component.) With recent increased concern over disinfect ion by-products in drinking water and the requirement for water treatment systems to mini mize the levels of by-products of concern (such as bromodichloromethane and dibromo and dichlo ro acetic acids), it ha s become more common to push the systems toward increas ed stabilized chlorine forms such as chloramines. Those stabilized forms of chlorine ar e less reactive than free chlorine and therefore result in the formation of fewer of the disinfection by-products of concern. However, because the stabilized forms of chlorine are less reactive, they also are much less effective as biocides (25-100 times less effective than free chlorine). (EPA 1999. Guidance Manual for Alte rnative Disinfectants and Oxidants, NRC 1997). As numerous EPA sources have noted, chloramines do not enhance the pesticidal properties of chlorine compounds. While studies have shown that “[c]hlorine is an extremely effective disinfectant for inactivating bacteria,” “chloramine is considered a weak biocide in comparison to free available chlorine, requiring exposure times of 25 to 100 times greater than chlorine to achieve comparable inactivation.” See Controlling Disinfec tion By-Products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Wa ter, EPA/600/R-01/110, 3-8 (December 2001). Also see EPA, OPP 2001, The incorpora tion of water treatment effects on pesticide removal and transformations in Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Drinking Water Assessments, Office of Pesticide Programs Science Policy, EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0790-0001 at www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/science/wa ter_treatment.pdf. Rather, the purpose of forcing greater levels of these by-products is to extend the period of antimicrobial activity in the dynamic system and to minimize generation of other by- products by reducing the r eactivity of chlorine.

- 5 -In all cases where chloramines are being ge nerated, however, the chlorine component is what is biocidal and required for disinfections, and that chlorine component must be available (i.e., not deactivated or entirely tied up in stab le compounds). In the residual chloramine form, chlorine is essentially sequester ed, becoming less reactive. Any bi ocidal activity is associated solely with the chlorine, regardless of whethe r it is in the “free” or the “residual” form.

II. Ammonia Is Not a Pesticide and Does Not Co ntribute to the Pesticidal Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite or Other Chlorine-Based Water Disinfectants Under FIFRA, a pesticide product must be registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) before it can be sold or distributed in the United States. 7 U.S.C. §136(a)(5). A pesticide produc t is “a pesticide in the particular form in which the pesticide is, or is intended to be, distributed or sold.” 40 CFR §152.3. A pesticide means “any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.” FIFRA §2(u). Pesticide active ingr edients are those “ingredient[s ] which will prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest.” FIFRA §2(a)(1). Ammonia does not meet the definition of a pe sticide. In fact, ammonia is a compound that promotes the “growth of . . . b acteria” rather than its inactivation. See EPA Guidance Manual; Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidan ts (April 1999). Excess ammonia in any compound acts as a “nutrient and causes the growth of nitrifying bacteria, which convert the excess ammonia to nitrates and nitrites.” Id. For example, “[n]itrific ation adversely impacts the effectiveness of chloramine by increasing chlora mine demand, depleting chloramine residuals and thus allowing bacterial regrowth.” See Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual for the Long Term 2 and Stage 2 DBP Rules, EPA 815-R- 07-017 (March 2007). Too great an amount of ammonia “may lead to increased vulnerability to contamination” as opposed to greater bacterial

- 6 -inactivation. Id. Whereas pesticides “deprive [] bacteria of source nutrients,” 1 ammonia acts as a nutrient for bacteria. Thus, ammonia does not contribut e to the pesticidal activity of sodium hypochlorite or other chlorine-based water disinfectants . It therefore is not a pesticide. Ammonia is added to water systems treated w ith chlorine to sequester free chlorine, typically resulting from hypochlorou s acid or chlorine gas. See Reregistration Eligibility Decision; Chlorine Gas, EPA 738-R-99-001, available at http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/4022red.pdf. See also, Controlling Disinfection ByProducts and Microbial Contam inants in Drinking Water , EPA/600/R-01/110, 3-8 (December 2001). Hypochlorous acid is highly reactive, re acting with any and all organic material. See Controlling Disinfection By-Products and Mi crobial Contaminants in Drinking Water, EPA/600/R-01/110 (December 2001). This is problematic in some industrial systems, especially pulp and paper mills, because of the extremely hi gh organic content of the pulping liquor. If the reactivity is not controlled, the systems have extremely high chlorine demands, requiring multiple input points in the papermaking proce ss. Such reactivity can be controlled by generating chloramines. See 63 Fed. Reg. 15676 (March 31, 1988) (Chloramine “reduce[s] disinfectant demand ... to reduce disinfectant levels”). The sequestering activity of ammonia has beco me an essential tool for many municipal drinking water treatment facilities to reduce disi nfectant by-products. EPA finalized its Stage 2 Disinfectants By-Product (DBP) in 2001. The Rule requires th at drinking water treaters eliminate certain DBPs and contro l the levels of all DBPs. Ch loramine compounds “react more

1 In the Matter of N. Jonas & Co., Inc., 1978 WL 14270 (July 27, 1978) (Statement by Brown, Chief of the Disinfectants Branch, Regi stration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA).

- 7 -slowly than free chlorine and as a result, they form fewer DBPs.” See Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual for the Long Term 2 and Stage 2 DBP Rules, EPA 815-R-07-017 (March 2007). See also, epa.gov, Information about Chloramine in Drinking Water, available at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/chlora mine/; Controlling Disinfection By-Products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water, EPA/600/R-01/110, 3-8 (December 2001), available at http://www.epa.gov/ord/NRMRL/pubs/600r01110/600r01110 completedocument.pdf

. Also see EPA, OPP 2001, The incorporation of water treatment effects on pesticide removal and transformations in Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Drinking Water Assessments, Office of Pesticide Programs Science Policy, EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0790-0001 at www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/scie nce/water_treatment.pdf. As numerous EPA sources have noted, the use of chloramines does not enhance the pesticidal properties of chlorine compounds. While chlorine is “an extremely effective disinfectant for inact ivating bacteria” 2 , chloramine is “a weak biocide in comparison to free available chlorine, requiring exposure times of 25 to 100 times greater than chlorine to achieve comparable inactivation.” 3 The pesticidal activity of chlora mine is a result of the residual activity of the chlorine. Thus, ammonia does no t increase the efficacy of chlorine. Rather, ammonia reduces reactivity by prolonging the period of time that chlorine, either as free chlorine

2 EPA Guidance Manual; Alternative Disi nfectants and Oxidants (April 1999), available at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/word/alter/chapt_2.doc
3 Controlling Disinfection By-Products and Mi crobial Contaminants in Drinking Water, EPA/600/R-01/110, 3-8 (December 2001) (Many bacter ia “exhibit[] greater resistance to inactivation by []chloramine comp ared to free chlorine.”); South Coast Chemical, Inc. , 2 E.A.D. 139 (March 11, 1986) (The formation of chloramine s in a swimming pool is a sign of “excessive proliferation of bacteria a nd their metabolic by-products”).

- 8 -or as residual chlorine (chloramines), is available for trea tment. Ammonia therefore does not meet the definition of a pesticid e as defined under FIFRA Section 2.

III. Ammonia Is Not a Precursor for In Situ Generation of a Pesticide Based upon the label language it approved, in granting the ammonia registration EPA apparently has adopted the position that ammonia is used to generate a variety of chloramine compounds that it contends are the pesticidally active ingredients used to disinfect water. Putting aside the Agency’s failure to follow its ow n procedure for registration of a new precursor or a new use of an existing active ingredient, th e position the Agency apparently took is factually incorrect. Ammonia is not used to generate the pesticide active ingredient for water treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (or other chlo rine compounds such as chlorine gas) is pesticidally active itself. When added to water, sodium hypoc hlorite forms hypochlorous acid, an extremely reactive compound that is responsible for the efficacy of chlorine compounds as antimicrobial agents. There is no need for addition of any other compound to produce or generate a pesticidally active compound. As explained above, adding ammonia to form chloramine tempers the reactivity of chlorine, reduc ing its effectiveness but allowi ng longer residence time. Any antimicrobial activity of chloramine is the result of the chlorine, which is registered. Therefore, the registration of ammonia as a “precursor” to chlora mine is inappropriate. EPA registers pesticide precursors only in ci rcumstances where registering the precursor is the only means by which the Agency could regulate the production an d use of pesticides generated at the point of applic ation. Therefore, EPA register s precursors when they are the “only logical chemical[s] through which the use of a pesticide can be regulated.” In the Matter of South Coast Chemical, Inc. , 2 E.A.D. 139 (March 11, 1986). For example, chlorine dioxide is a registered pesticide used as a drinking wate r disinfectant and for other pesticidal uses. See

- 9 -Reregistration Eligibility for Chlorine Dioxide, EPA 738-R-06-007 (August 2006). Chlorine dioxide is a gas and is not sold commercially in that form. It is registered as a stabilized aqueous formulation for some uses. More typically, it is generated in situ from stable precursor compounds. Its precursors, sodium chlorate and s odium chlorite are registered by EPA, because this is the only possible means to regulate the generation and antimicrobial uses of chlorine dioxide from those precursors, wh ich themselves are not active. Id. at 16 (“For chlorine dioxide generation, both sodium chlorate an d sodium chlorite are used as precursor materials in the water disinfection process. Sodium chlorite is mo re commonly used than sodium chlorate.”). Importantly, only these precursors require regist ration. The “activator ” used with sodium chlorite, is recognized on the registered label but does not require regist ration. Activators can include, “acetic, citric, phosphoric , sulfuric, hydrochloric or othe r equivalent acids”, DuPont Anthium Dioxcide, EPA Reg. No. 9150-2 (05/30/2007) , “chlorine gas” or “a combination of a hypochlorite solution and an aci d,” Drew Generox 750, Chlori ne Dioxide Precursor for Microbial Control in Water and Wastewater and on Hard Surfaces, EPA Reg. No. 1757-315 (07/19/2007); See, e.g., selected labels for sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide products at Attachment 1; Significantly, the labels do not call for use of a re gistered activator, and all of these compounds are unregistered. A similar situation exists with respect to certain bromine compounds used in water treatment. For example sodium bromide is a regi stered precursor which calls for the use of an activator. See Reregistration Eligibility Decision fo r Inorganic Halides, Case 4051 (Sep. 1993) (“The sodium bromide solution usually is mixed w ith activators such as chlorine gas, calcium hypochlorite [ ], sodium hypochlorite [ ], potassi um monopersulfate [ ], and ozone.”). “Sodium bromide per se is a stable salt with no pesticidal activity.” Id . at 10. When mixed with an

- 10 -activator, “the active disinfectant, [ ] hypobromous acid,” is produced. Id . “[H]ypobromous acid is an effective microbiological control treatment,” “oxidiz[ing] organic and inorganic material present in effluent water.” Id . As with chlorine dioxide chemis try, there is no requirement that the activator be registered, and it would be inappropriate to do so. See, e.g. at Attachment 2 Albermarle Sanibrom 40 Biocide, EPA Reg. No. 3377-25 (09/12/2002) (Sodium bromide is the active ingredient to be activated by sodium hypo chlorite or chlorine gas to produce hypobromous acid); Nalco H-940, EPA Reg. No. 1706-217 (11/ 04/2003) (Sodium bromide is the active ingredient in the formation of hypobromous acid to be activated by chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite); Nalco 93NF152, EPA Reg. No. 1706- 181 (07/03/2003) (Sodium bromide is the active ingredient to be activated by ch lorine gas or sodium hypochlorite). Chlorine used as an active i ngredient in water treatment is registered by EPA and is applied directly to the water system. The in situ reaction with ammonia only stabilizes or sequesters the chlorine. To the extent reaction pr oducts with ammonia or ot her substances retain antimicrobial activity, it is due to the chlorine. Th erefore, chloramine is not an in situ active for which a precursor must be registered. EPA has approved a label claim that registered ammonia is a precursor to “chloramines.” However, chloramines are not registered active ingredients, nor has the Agency at any time evaluated their potential risks to man and the environment as a pesticidal active ingredient, except potentially w ithin the assessment of chlorine compounds as part of the total chlorine. There is, however, no specific iden tification of any assessment of ri sks due to chloramines. Nor has the Agency published any notices of its intent to register chloramines as active ingredients in pesticide products. Consistent with the Agen cy’s assessment of in-situ generated compounds, the Agency registers the appropriate precursor bu t also registers the in-situ form as an active

- 11 -ingredient and assesses the risks of the actual pesticidally active in gredient. That is the approach the Agency has taken with the hydroxymethyldi methyl hydantoins which are being assessed on the precursor form as well as on the basis of the ac tual active ingredient formaldehyde. It also is the approach taken by the Agency is its assessment of products producing chlorine dioxide in situ. EPA’s failure to follow its own procedures in this situation renders the registration invalid. Even if chloramines were (ina ppropriately, in Nalco’s view) considered by EPA to be a new, in situ, active ingredient, the registration of chlorine would satisfy FIFRA, in the same way that the registration of one pr ecursor does for chlorine dioxide or bromine compounds. The “precursor” approach therefore doe s not support its registration.

IV. EPA’s Decision to Require Registration of Ammonia Is Inconsistent with the Agency’s Position on Other Chemical s that Perform Similar Functions EPA has known for decades that ammonia compounds have been used in conjunction with chlorine products to sequest er free chlorine in water treat ment systems and, prior to the Buckman registration, never require d registration of these compounds . The Agency’s historical position on ammonia was not only with its policy that activators need not be registered, as explained above, but also consiste nt with its position on other ch emicals that performed similar functions, such as pool stabilizers. For exampl e, cyanuric acid is a ch lorine stabilizer that prevents the “destruction of residual chlorine by sunlight,” thereby making chlorine more effective as an antimic robial in swimming pools. 4 Cyanuric acid has never been required to be

(Continued...) 4 See Cantu, R., O. M. Evans, L. J. Wymer, A. P. Dufour, and F. K. Kawahara, “Determination of Cyanuric Acid in Swimming Pool Waters Us ing Phenyl and Confirmatory Porous Graphitic Carbon Columns,” An alytical Chemistry 73(14):3358-3364, (2001), abstract available at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ordpubs/nerlp ubs/recordisplay.cfm?deid=65053; See also Jacques Steininger, “PPM or ORP: Which Should be Used?,” available at http://www.energistx.com/water/p pmorp.pdf (Only 10 to 15 percent of chlorine residuals were destroyed in two to three hours with the addi tion of cyanuric acid as opposed to 90 percent

- 12 -registered as a pesticide under FIFRA. 5 A review of inert ingredie nt listings pr ovides numerous other examples of compounds with similar abilitie s to interact with a pe sticide active that EPA has not required to be registered. For exampl e, products which do not require registration as active ingredients include: stabilizers (e.g. diethanolamine), sequestrants (e.g. disodiumzinc ethylenediaminetetraacetated ihydride), synergists (e.g. ammonium carbamate). See Attachment 3 for a partial listing. Note that each of these is an unregulated adjuvant if sold separately. In fact, the Agency has recognized that th e chemistry of sodium bromide results in formation of nitrogen-bromine compounds, similar to that for the nitrogen-chlorine chemistry (“Another mode of dissipation of hypobromous acid in waste water is vi a reaction with ammonia to form bromamines.” See Reregistration Eligibility Decisi on for Inorganic Halides, Case 4051 (Sep. 1993)). The position taken by the Agency in relation to chlorine compounds has not been considered in relation to sodium bromide or many other compounds where analogous situations exist. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs has long reco gnized that separately added adjuvants are used with pesticides and that such separate ly added adjuvants are not subject to regulation under FIFRA (see, for example, 70 FR 31401, June 1, 2005; “EPA is aware that inert ingredients are also contained in pesticide adjuvant produc ts which are not subject to registration under FIFRA. The Agency does not keep records of curr ently used adjuvants or their ingredients.”).
without cyanuric acid); See e.g. IntheSwim’s Stabilizer, available at http://www.intheswim.com/Pool-Chemicals/Wa ter-Balancing-Pool-Chemicals/StabilizerConditioner/.
5 C yanuric acid can be reacted with ch lorine compounds to form chlorinated isocyanurates. In this case, the compounds are pesticidally active in and of themselves, while retaining stabilizer characteristics. When thes e compounds are sold, they must be registered pesticides, as is appropriate for a ny compound that is pesticidally active.

- 13 -When those compounds are a component of a pesticide product (as an inert, or other, ingredient), then those compounds are regulated under FIFRA and, if used on food or feed, under FFDCA. Long-established regulations for exemptions from tolerance for inert i ngredients in pesticide products at 40 CFR 180.910 and 180.920, for exam ple, include multiple ammonia based compounds identified as sequestrants, synergists, buffers and intensifiers, as are other types of compounds (See Appendix 3). Stab ilizers for chlorine-based pr oducts are well-known. As an example, the State of California, which regulates adjuvants, maintains a data base containing 288 different products registered as adjuvants to chlorine-based swimming pool products, including compounds such as muriatic acid, cyanuric chlo rine stabilizers, potassi um monopersulfate, and others (See Appendix 4). These compounds are not regulated by EPA, nor are they required to be registered. This is clearly stated by EPA in its guidance on pesticide product labeling in relation to co-packaging of pesticidal and non-pesticidal adjuvants (“The regulation at 40 CFR 152.3(t) states that the "pesticide produc t" includes the package intended to be dist ributed or sold. EPA has jurisdiction over the packaging and labeling of any "non-pesticide" which is part of the package. This means that the Agency review s and accepts or disapproves of the non-pesticide that is packaged with the pesticide. The re viewer examines the non- pesticide labeling to determine whether it contains any language that conflicts with the pesticide label, but the reviewer does not actually stamp the non-pesticide label. An example of such a non-pesticide would be an activator (such as potassium permanganate) which accompanies a pesticide (sodium bromide). EPA reviews the labels for both products, but stamps only the acce pted pesticide label, noting any problems or changes needed for the non-pesticide label.” See EPA Label Review

- 14 -Manual, Chapter 18, Section IIA, available atwww.epa.gov/oppfead1/labeling/lrm/chap18.htm). EPA has been well aware that ammonia is used as a production aid in water treatment, without identifying any need for its registration. “A typical system for surface water treatment generally consists of pre-settli ng, coagulation/flocculation (sedimen t removal), granular filtration (sediment removal), corrosion control (pH adjustme nt or addition of corro sion inhibitors), and disinfection (J.M.M. Consulting Engineers, 1985 ; Faust and Aly, 1999; US EPA, 1989). It is important to note there are many variations on this common sequence, regarding points of addition of a wide variety of chemicals (e.g., ch lorine, ammonia, ozone, coagulants, filter aids, PAC, etc.).” See EPA, OPP 2001, The incorporation of water treatment effects on pesticide removal and transformations in Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Drinking Water Assessments, Office of Pesticide Progr ams Science Policy, EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0790-0001 at www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/scie nce/water_treatment.pdf. Ammonia used in connection with chlorine in water treatment is an adjuvant. As EPA implicitly acknowledged in the TRAC process, ther e is no rational basis fo r requiring registration of ammonia compounds when literally dozens of other compounds used in a similar manner are not required to be registered.

V. EPA Should Articulate a Rule of Decisi on Regarding When Registration is Required and Assess the Impact of th at Rule Before Implementing It

In evaluating whether to reverse the Agency ’s long-held position a nd require registration of ammonia used in connection with chlorine-b ased water treatment, OPP should understand and articulate a rule of decision and understand the imp lications and impact of that rule on users of chemicals and technologies that are, or may be in terpreted as being, subject to it. As explained

- 15 -above, the decision to register am monia is contrary to the preced ent set with chlorine dioxide, sodium bromide, all technologies that use unr egistered activators, ch lorine stabilizers for swimming pools, adjuvants that react with the regi stered pesticides and inert ingredients that serve the same function. If EPA continues to assert that a mmonia used in chlorine based water treatment requires registration, the rationale for such a decision need s to be clearly articulated. This rationale should be subjec t to public comment – and possi bly a Science Advisory Panel Hearing, to ensure that it is defensible.

The practical implications of any rule of decision also should be evaluated by EPA. Will it apply only to ammonia used in chlorine based water disinfection, or will the logic also affect other chemistries and technologies. The Agency also should evaluate whether any changes it makes to current practice will be addressing a problem – or will they simply be creating additional work for the Agency and expanding the re gulated community to entities or chemistries not previously subject to FIFRA. The economic impact of any decision to ex tend registration require ments also should be understood. The current situation, in which the on e registrant of ammonia is threatening EPA enforcement against users of similar systems in pulp and paper mills using unregistered ammonia compounds, is creating confusion in the marketpl ace. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||| The impact on the drinking water treatment indus try also will be massive. By EPA’s own estimate, at least 68 million people are served by systems that deliberately add ammonia compounds to chlorine-based water treatment to create chloramines. This industry is entirely

- 16 -unaware that the entire industry will need to obtain registrations for the products it uses, or that it has been operating in violation of FIFRA since registrations were first granted. Similarly, any rule of decision EPA devise s likely will impact other chemistries and technologies. It seems likely that chlorine dioxide and sodium bromide activators will have to be registered. (The absurdity of this is highlighted by the fact that when EPA acted as the Remedial Action Contractor to eliminate anthrax from the Hart Senate Office Build ing, it used registered sodium chlorite and unregistered activators to ge nerate the chlorine dioxide gas on site.) The rule of decision also may well include chlorine stabilizers for swimming pools and adjuvants that act as synergists, stabilizers, or have other func tional reactions with an active ingredient. The economic impact of requiring all of these products to be registered should be car efully assessed by EPA. VI. EPA Should Make Clear and Public that it is Reevaluating its Position, and that the Both Unregistered and Registered Ammoni a Compounds Can be used in Chlorine Based Water Treatment Systems Until this Process is Complete Regardless of the EPA’s decision as to wh ether ammonia used in connection with chlorine-based water treatment, there is an ur gent need to communicate to the marketplace that the status quo can continue without fear of enfo rcement until the issue gets resolved. There is a real need for reassurance to users and sellers of unregistered adjuvants that they will not be subject to enforcement and will be afforded an opportunity to come into compliance with any new interpretation or requirements. No regulatory purpose will be served by continuing to compel the regulated community to remain uncerta in as to whether it is in compliance. EPA should make a public announcement that it is eval uating this issue, and that until that is completed, both unregistered and registered sources of ammonia or other ac tivators or adjuvants, can be used and will be consider ed in compliance with FIFRA.

- 17 -VII. Conclusion In sum, ammonia does not have independent antimicrobial activity, nor does it increase the efficacy of chlorine compounds. Rather, amm onia prolongs the availability of chlorine, either as free chlorine or as chloramines. EP A has consistently held th at products that provide this type of stabilization function for pesticides are not required to be registered under FIFRA. The decision made by EPA cannot have considered the chemistry of ammonia in chlorine watertreatment systems, the full range of products used in a manner similar to ammonia in chlorinebased systems, the policy implications of th e decision, the impact on a wide range of active ingredients and industries, or th e procedural issues attendant to registration of a new active ingredients. The registration deci sion was incompletely considered. In light of more complete information, as set forth above, registration of a mmonia for use in chlorine based water treatment is inconsistent with FIFRA, agency practice a nd EPA’s procedural regulat ions. Nalco therefore respectfully suggests that EPA re -evaluate its recent decision w ith regard to registration of ammonia used with chlorine in water treatm ent and withdraw the registration. During the pendency of that review, Nalco urges EPA to promptly notify those affected by the ammonia registration and its reevaluation that both unregistered and regist ered ammonia may be sold and used, and that the Agency is committed to providing adequate notice of any decision that will require widespread registration.

- 18 -

# APPENDIX I

# APPENDIX II

# APPENDIX IIIAppendix 3 Listing of Tolerance Exemptions for Other (Iner t) Components of Pesticide Products Where The Tolerance Identifies Reactivity 40 CFR 180.910 (inerts, pre and post harvest Inert Ingredient Limits Uses Acetic acid catalyst Ammonium carbamate Synergist in aluminum phosphide formulations Ammonium chloride Intensifier when used with ammonium nitrate as a dessicant or defoliant. Fire suppressant in aluminum phosphide and magnesium phosphide formulations Ammonium hydroxide Solvent, cosolvent, neutralizer, solubilizing agent Ammonium thiosulfate Intensifier when used with ammonium nitrate as desiccant or defoliant Calcium chloride Stabilizer 1,2-Dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4- trimethylquinolene Not more than 0.02% of pesticide formulation Antioxidant Disodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydride Sequestrant
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, amine salts Release rate regulator in pheromone formulation Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 3% of pesticide formulation Sequestrant Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt 5% of pesticide formulation Sequestrant Hydrochloric acid Solvent, neutralizer Hydroxyethylidine diphosphonic acid (HEDP) (CAS Reg. No. 2809–21–4) For use in antimicrobial pesticide formulations at not more than 1 percent Stabilizer, chelator
Magnesium chloride Safener Magnesium sulfate Solid diluent, carrier, safener Oxalic acid No more oxalic acid should be used than is necessary to chelate calcium and in no case should more than 2 lb oxalic acid per acre be used Calcium chelating hard water inhibitor

Potassium hydroxide Neutralizer Potassium phosphate Buffer Propyl gallate Antioxidant Sodium hydroxide Neutralizer Sodium hexametaphosphate Surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, suspending agent, dispersing agent, bufferAppendix 3 40 CFR 180.910 (inerts, pre and post harvest Inert Ingredient Limits Uses Sodium silicate Surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, stabilizer, inhibitor Sodium sulfite Stabilizer Sulfuric acid (CAS Reg. No.7664–93–9) pH Control agent Thiosulfuric acid, disodium salt, anhydrous. (CAS Reg. No 7772– 98–7) Dechlorinator, reducing agent

40 CFR 180.920 (pre harvest use only) Inert Ingredient Limits Uses Adenosine (CAS Reg. No. 58– 61–7) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Aluminum sulfate Safener adjuvant Ammonium nitrate (CAS Reg. No. 6484–52–2) Adjuvant/ intensifier for herbicides Ammonium polyphosphate (CAS Reg. No. 68333–79–9) Sequestrant, buffer, or surfactant Boric acid Sequestrant Camphor (CAS Reg. No. 76–22– 2) Not more than 5% weight to weight (w/w) of pesticide formulations Deodorant, melting point adjustment Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt (CAS Reg. No. 584–08–7) Buffering agent Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt, trihydrate (CAS Reg. No. 18662– 52–7) Buffering agent
Cysteine (CAS Reg. No. 52–90– 4) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Diammonium phosphate (CAS Reg. No. 7783–28–0) Buffer, surfactant Diethanolamine Stabilizer, inhibitor for formulations used before crop emerges from soil Diethylene glycol Deactivator, adjuvant for formulations used before crop emerges from soil Diethylene glycol and diethylene glycol monobutyl, monoethyl, and monomethyl ethers Deactivator for formulations used before crop emerges from soil, stabilizer Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether Stabilizer Ethylene glycol Antifreeze, deactivator for all pesticides used before crop emerges from soil and in herbicides before or after crop emerges
- 2 -Appendix 3 40 CFR 180.920 (pre harvest use only) Inert Ingredient Limits Uses Folic acid (CAS Reg. No. 59– 30–3) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Gluconic acid (and sodium salt) Sequestrant Glutamine (CAS Reg. No. 56– 85–9) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Maleic acid and maleic anhydride For pesticide formulations applied to apples with a minimum preharvest interval of 21 days Stabilizer

Methionine (CAS Reg. No. 59– 51–8) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Nicotinamide (CAS Reg. No. 98–92–0) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist

α -Pinene Not more than 2% of formulation by weight Stabilizer Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Buffering agent Pyridoxine (CAS Reg. No. 65– 23–6) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist Sodium metaborate Sequestrant Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (CAS Reg. No. 7320–345) Not to exceed 10% of Sequestrant, anticaking agent, conditioning agent Triethylene glycol Deactivator Tryptophan (CAS Reg. No. 73– 22–3) Maximum of 0.5% of formulation Synergist

40 CFR 180.930 (Use on Animals) Inert Ingredient Limits Uses Acetic acid Catalyst

- 3 -

# APPENDIX IVAppendix 4. Listing of CDPR-Registered Adjuvants as Water Modifiers (Listing as of November 30, 2007) 

## I. Output Reporting Query Parameters Sites: ADJUVANT: WATER MODIFIER(99008) Active Chemicals only 288 product labels match. There are too many products to list for indivi dual product selection.If you want to see all of them in detail, select a format and press Run Report. Depending on the number of products this may be a very large report. You may want to go back and make your search criteria more specific.

• ACTIVE (04/20/04) - ADVANTAGE PLUS ( 74849-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/04) - ALKALINITY BOOSTER ( 69470-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/04/05) - ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 41760-50013-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/17/06) - ALKALINITY UP ( 42291-50010-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/22/91) - ALL CLEAR ALKALINITY ( 9215-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/02/91) - ALL C LEAR CYANURIC CHLORI NE STABILIZER ( 9215- 50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/07/88) - ALL CLEAR DRY ACID ( 9215-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/09/91) - ALL CLEAR OXIDI ZER NON CHLORINE SHOCK ( 9215- 50005-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/12/92) - ALL CLEAR SP A ALKALINITY ( 9215-50012-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/12/92) - ALL CLEAR SP A DRY ACID ( 9215-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/06/93) - ALL CLEAR SPA OXID IZER NON CHLORINE SHOCK ( 9215- 50007-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/23/92) - ALL CLEAR SP A SODA ASH ( 9215-50008-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/29/04) - ALL CLEAR YELLO W ELIMINATOR ( 9215-50013-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/11/88) - ALL-CLEA R SODA ASH ( 9215-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/16/07) - AMS PREM IUM LIQUID (1051169-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/07/05) - ANTIFOAM D ( 70227-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/19/07) - ANTIFOAM K ( 70227-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/04/04) - AQUA BALANCE CH LORINE FREE OXIDIZER ( 1677-50006- AA )

• ACTIVE (09/14/04) - AQUA BALANCE MURI ATIC ACID ( 1677-50007-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/04) - AQUA BALANCE PH PLUS ( 1677-50009-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/14/04) - AQUA BALANCE POOL CONDITIONER ( 1677-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/04) - AQUA BALANCE PURE COMFORT BASE BLEND ( 1677- 50010-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/14/04) - AQUA BAL ANCE SPF-3050 ( 1677-50005-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/04) - AQUA BALANCE TO TAL ALKALINITY ( 1677-50008-AA )Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (11/04/97) - AQUA CHEM BALANCED FOR CLEAN POOLS ALKALINITY PLUS ( 67262-50018-ZA )

• ACTIVE (04/09/04) - AQUA CHEM BALANCED FOR CLEAN POOLS MUSTARD FREE ( 67262-50022-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - AQUA CHEM BALANCED FOR CLEAN POOLS PH ADD SODA ASH ( 67262-50009-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - AQUA CHEM BALANCED FOR CLEAN POOLS PH DECREASER DRY ACID ( 67262-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/26/94) - AQUA CHEM BALANC ED FOR CLEAN POOLS SHOCK AND SWIM ( 67262-50007-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/20/94) - AQUA CHEM BALANCED FOR CLEAN POOLS STABILIZER ( 67262-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/11/05) - AQUA CHEM MURI ATIC ACID ( 10897-50032-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/17/94) - AQUA CHEM PH DECR EASER - MURIATIC ACID ( 67262- 50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/05/97) - AQUA ONE GO BROM ( 7364-50016-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/26/07) - AZURE NON-CHLO RINE SHOCK OXIDIZER ( 75217-50001- AA )

• ACTIVE (04/12/07) - AZURE PH DECREASER ( 69470-50009-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/12/07) - AZURE PH INCREASER ( 69470-50008-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/12/07) - AZURE STABILI ZER & CONDITIONER ( 69470-50010-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/30/87) - B'S POOL SUPPLY MURIATIC ACID ( 55487-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BAQUA SPA PH DECREASER (1050607-50063-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BAQUA SPA PH INCREASER (1050607-50064-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - BAQUA SPA TOTAL ALKALINITY INCREASER (1050607- 50080-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BAQUACIL PH DECREASER (1050607-50071-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BAQUACIL PH INCREASER (1050607-50072-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/05/06) - BB5 NATURAL (1051161-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/12/96) - BIOGUAR D BALANCER BALANCE PAK 100 ( 5185-50004-ZA )

• ACTIVE (09/10/96) - BIOGUAR D BALANCER BALANCE PAK 200 ( 5185-50002-ZA )

• ACTIVE (07/14/97) - BIOGUAR D BALANCER LO'N SLO ( 5185-50001-ZA )

• ACTIVE (08/12/96) - BIOGUAR D BALANCER STABILI ZER 100 ( 5185-50003-ZA )

• ACTIVE (06/24/98) - BIOGU ARD OXIDIZER OXYSHEE N ( 5185-50006-ZB )

• ACTIVE (11/12/97) - BREAK-TH RU S321 (1051059-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BRILLIANCE FOR SP AS OXIDIZER (1050607-50067-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - BRILLIANC E FOR SPAS TOTAL ALKALINITY INCREASER (1050607-50079-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BRILLIANCE PH DECREASER (1050607-50065-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - BRILLIANCE PH INCREASER (1050607-50066-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/03/05) - BROMIDE STARTER ( 71822-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/15/05) - BRONC MAX ( 2935-50174-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/18/04) - CAL-AGRA SP READER-90 (1051080-50031-AA )

- 2 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - CHLORINE FREE BAQUACIL TOTAL ALKALINITY INCREASER (1050607-50082-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - CHLORINE ST ABILIZER ( 67262-50015-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/02/05) - CLEARVIEW PH DOWN ( 75538-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/02/05) - CLEARVIEW PH UP ( 75538-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/23/06) - CLEARVIEW WA TER CONDITIONER ( 75538-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/18/03) - CONDI TIONER ( 11411-50016-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/17/02) - CORN FOAM ( 64898-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/25/07) - CUT- RATE ( 2935-50179-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/21/04) - CYGNET PLUS (1051114-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/28/97) - DESERT STAR MURIATIC ACID ( 58008-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/14/03) - DRY AC ID ( 11411-50015-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/17/04) - DUPONT OXONE ( 71654-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/11/03) - E Z CLOR CONDITI ONER STABILIZER ( 71141-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/04/88) - E-Z CLOR AL KALINITY UP ( 42177-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/08/91) - E-Z CLOR CLOR SAVE ( 42177-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/30/96) - E-Z CLOR O2 SHOCK ( 42177-50008-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/04/88) - E-Z CLOR PH DOWN ( 42177-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/04/88) - E-Z CLOR PH UP ( 42177-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/18/03) - EASYCARE SOFTRISE PH & ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 62852-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/18/03) - EASYCARE SOFTSHOCK ( 62852-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/22/04) - EQUINOX STAB ILIZER-15 ( 6836-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/29/85) - ESBRO MURIAT IC ACID ( 11011-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/14/06) - EXSPOR ACTIVATOR CONCENTRATE ( 1677-50012-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/02/91) - FRESH & CLEAN CYAUNURIC ACID ( 9215-50002-ZA)

• ACTIVE (09/11/06) - FRESH 'N CL EAR EZ DOSE ( 11411-50018-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/10/02) - FRESH WATER MPS CHLORINE-FREE OXIDIZER ( 73081- 50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/10/02) - FRESH WATER PH/A LKALINITY DOWN FOR SPAS ( 73081- 50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/10/02) - FRESH WATER PH/A LKALINITY UP FOR SPAS ( 73081- 50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/16/96) - GLB ALKALI NITY UP ( 7364-50015-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/09/94) - GUARDEX ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 10305-50028-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/09/94) - GUARDEX DR Y ACID ( 10305-50030-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/03/99) - GUARDEX PH ANCHOR ( 10305-50045-ZA )

• ACTIVE (05/09/94) - GUARDEX PH INCREASER ( 10305-50036-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/09/94) - GUARDEX SUPE R OXIDIZER ( 10305-50038-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/09/97) - HASA ALKALIN ITY UP ( 10897-50001-AA)

• ACTIVE (08/11/97) - HASA DR Y ACID ( 10897-50010-AA)

• ACTIVE (11/18/02) - HASA HI-TEMP SPA BROMINE RESERVE ( 10897-50030-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/09/97) - HASA HI-TEMP SPA PH INCREASER ( 10897-50002-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/02/97) - HASA MU RIATIC ( 10897-50008-AA)

• ACTIVE (07/26/67) - HASA POOL CO NDITIONER ( 10897-50006-AA)

• ACTIVE (07/29/97) - HASA SO DA ASH ( 10897-50009-AA)

- 3 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (04/17/02) - HASA SODIUM BROMIDE ( 10897-50028-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/24/06) - HRR EN HANCER (1051158-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH ALKALINITY PLUS BALANCER (1050607-50044-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - HTH BROM-S TART (1050607-50038-ZA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH PH IN CREASER SPA (1050607-50046-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH PH MINU S BALANCER (1050607-50041-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH PH PLUS BALANCER (1050607-50043-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE ALKA LINITY PLUS BALANCER (1050607- 50051-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE BROM START SPA (1050607-50045-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE CLEAR IT SPA (1050607-50047-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE PH MINUS BALANCER (1050607-50048-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE PH PLUS BALANCER (1050607-50050-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH POOLIFE STABIL IZER & CONDITIONER BALANCER (1050607-50049-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/22/04) - HTH POOLIF E YELLOWRID (1050607-50062-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - HTH SPA CLEAR-IT WITH THERAPEUTIC MINERAL SALTS (1050607-50068-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - HTH SPA PH DECREASER (1050607-50069-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - HTH SPA PH INCREASER (1050607-50070-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/15/02) - HTH STABILIZER & CONDITIONER BALANCER (1050607- 50042-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/22/04) - HTH YELL OWRID (1050607-50061-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/18/02) - HYDROCHLORIC ACID 15% ( 70567-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/18/02) - HYDROCHLORIC ACID 31% ( 70567-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/18/02) - HYDROCHLORIC ACID 7% ( 70567-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/15/05) - HYDROTECH SH OCKRIGHT ( 10305-50080-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/18/99) - ICA A-30 ( 33980-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - INSTANT POOL WA TER CONDITIONER ( 45729-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/05/89) - INTER VALLEY PO OL SUPPLY MURIATIC ACID ( 58232- 50001-AA)

• ACTIVE (03/09/79) - KEM TEK CHLORINE STABILIZER ( 7616-50030-AA)

• ACTIVE (03/02/88) - KEM TEK PH MINUS ( 7616-50035-AA)

• ACTIVE (10/01/98) - KEM TEK PH PLUS ( 7616-50039-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/04/99) - KEM TEK SPA KEM PH MINUS ( 7616-50040-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/08/05) - KEM TEK SWIMMING POOL MURIATIC ACID ( 7616-50044- AA )

• ACTIVE (11/24/03) - KEM TEK YE LLOW RELIEF ( 7616-50043-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/20/72) - KEMKLOR MURIATIC ACID ( 7616-50018-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/20/06) - LD ACTIVATO R CONCENTRATE ( 1677-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/06/97) - LEISURE TIME LIQUID SPA DOWN ( 41760-50008-AA)

• ACTIVE (06/22/98) - LEISURE TIME LIQUID SPA UP ( 41760-50010-AA)

• ACTIVE (07/11/94) - LEISURE TIME OZ ( 41760-50006-AA)

• ACTIVE (11/07/01) - LEISURE TI ME RENEW ( 41760-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/06/06) - LEISURE TIME RENEW TABS ( 41760-50015-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/27/88) - LEISURE TIME S ODIUM BROMIDE ( 41760-50005-AA)

- 4 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (04/11/05) - LEISURE TIME SPA DOWN ( 41760-50014-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/23/98) - LESLIE'S CONDITIONER ( 11411-50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/23/98) - LESLIE'S DR Y ACID ( 11411-50009-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/08/01) - LESLIE'S SWIMMING PO OL SUPPLIES MURIATIC ACID ( 7616-50042-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/23/07) - LESLIE'S SWIMMING PO OL SUPPLIES SPA PH UP ( 11411- 50019-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/16/04) - MARQUIS SPAS JUST WHAT YOU NEED PH & ALKALINITY DOWN ( 50983-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/16/04) - MARQUIS SPAS JUST WHAT YOU NEED PH & ALKALINITY UP ( 50983-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/16/04) - MARQUIS SPAS JUST WHAT YOU NEED SPA SHOCK ( 50983-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/31/07) - NALCO 03PO125 ( 1706-50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/28/88) - NEO-COND ITIONER ( 33980-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/17/06) - NEW BE GINNING (1051157-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/26/94) - NON-CHLO RINE ( 67262-50014-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/03/99) - OMNI PH ANCHOR ( 10305-50045-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/12/84) - OMNI PH DECREASER ( 10305-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/84) - OMNI PH INCREASER ( 10305-50001-AA)

• ACTIVE (06/04/84) - OMNI POOL CHLO RINE STABILIZER ( 10305-50002-AA)

• ACTIVE (01/08/90) - OMNI QUI CK CLEAR ( 10305-50027-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/11/88) - OMNI SPA S HOCK TREATMENT ( 10305-50010-AA)

• ACTIVE (03/19/84) - OMNI TOTAL ALKALI NITY INCREASER ( 10305-50003-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/04/83) - OXY-BRI TE ( 7364-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/16/06) - OXY-SPA N ON-CHLORINE SHOCK FOR SPAS, HOT TUBS & POOLS ( 82043-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/23/06) - PACIFICLEA R NO CHLOR ( 75377-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/09/03) - PERAFORCE ( 50600-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/03/07) - PERFEC T PH ( 42291-50015-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/26/07) - PH BALANCE ( 41760-50017-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/19/07) - PH BALANC E PLUS ( 41760-50016-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/04) - PH DECREASER ( 69470-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/22/86) - PH DO WN ( 7364-50004-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - PH DO WN ( 67262-50016-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/25/06) - PH DO WN ( 42291-50012-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/04) - PH INCREASER ( 69470-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/22/86) - PH UP ( 7364-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - PH UP ( 67262-50017-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/25/06) - PH UP ( 42291-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/30/03) - PH/ALALINITY DOWN FOR SPAS ( 67528-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/14/02) - PH/ALKALIN ITY DOWN ( 7364-50021-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/14/02) - PH/ALKALIN ITY UP ( 7364-50022-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/30/03) - PH/ALKALINITY UP FOR SPAS ( 67528-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/24/02) - PHREE & CLEAR ( 10772-50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/14/04) - PHT SAPHEN ( 7001-50012-AA )

- 5 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - POOL BREEZE POOL CARE SYSTEM NON-CHLORINE OXIDIZER (1050607-50075-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - POOL BREEZE POOL CARE SYSTEM PH DECREASER (1050607-50073-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - POOL BREEZE POOL CARE SYSTEM PH INCREASER (1050607-50074-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - POOL BREEZE POOL CARE SYSTEM STABILIZER AND CONDITIONER (1050607-50077-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/03/06) - POOL CARE: SHOCK OXIDIZER ( 71654-50008-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - POOL CARE: PH A ND TOTAL ALKALINITY DECREASER ( 71654-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - POOL CARE: PH INCREASER ( 71654-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - POOL CARE: TO TAL ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 71654- 50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/11/02) - POOL SEASON AL KALINITY INCREASER ( 10305-50071-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/11/02) - POOL SEASON CONDITIONER ( 10305-50074-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/20/05) - POOL SEASON CONDITIONER ( 71141-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/11/02) - POOL SEASON NO N-CHLORINE SHOCK ( 10305-50072-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/01/02) - POOL SEASON PH DECREASER ( 10305-50075-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/11/02) - POOL SEASON PH INCREASER ( 10305-50073-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/16/06) - POOL SEASON PH MINUS ( 42177-50013-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/18/94) - POOL TIME PH DE CREASER MURIATIC ACID ( 67262-50013- AA )

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - POOLBREEZE POOL CARE SYSTEM TOTAL ALKALINITY INCREASER (1050607-50078-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/21/06) - POOLIFE EXCLUS IVE POOL CARE COLLECTION ALKALINITY PLUS BALA NCER (1050607-50081-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/16/05) - POOLIFE EXCLUSIV E POOL CARE COLLECTION NONCHLORINE OXIDIZER (1050607-50076-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/15/06) - POOLIFE EXCLUSIVE POOL CARE COLLECTION PH MINUS BALANCER (1050607-50087-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/15/06) - POOLIFE EXCLUSIVE POOL CARE COLLECTION PH PLUS BALANCER (1050607-50086-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/03/04) - PRISTINE POWER ( 64962-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/07) - PRO BUPHER ( 71058-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/13/00) - PRO GUARD PH DECREASER ( 5185-50019-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/27/07) - PROGU ARD NON-CHLORINE SH OCK-OXIDIZER ( 5185- 50028-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/27/07) - PULSAR SUNSCREEN 20 STABLIZER (1050607-50088-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/19/07) - PUROLY TE PLUS (1051157-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - QUANTUM ALKALI NITY UP ( 58307-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - QUANTUM PH DOWN/POOLS ( 58307-50004-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - QUANTUM PH UP ( 58307-50005-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - QUANTUM PH-D OWN LIQUID ( 58307-50007-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/18/06) - QUANTUM STABILIZER ( 58307-50002-AA )

- 6 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (01/17/96) - REGAL ALKALI NITY PLUS ( 42177-50001-ZA)

• ACTIVE (01/30/96) - REGAL O XY-KLEAR ( 42177-50008-ZA)

• ACTIVE (01/23/96) - REGAL PH MINUS ( 42177-50003-ZC )

• ACTIVE (01/17/96) - REGAL PH PLUS ( 42177-50002-ZB)

• ACTIVE (01/31/96) - REGAL POOL STABILIZER ( 42177-50004-ZD )

• ACTIVE (10/05/95) - RENDEZVOU S ACTIVATE ( 7364-50013-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/16/96) - RENDE ZVOUS ALKALINITY UP ( 7364-50014-AA)

• ACTIVE (06/22/98) - RENDE ZVOUS BROMA STAR T ( 7364-50019-AA)

• ACTIVE (04/16/96) - RENDEZVOU S PH DOWN ( 7364-50011-AA)

• ACTIVE (06/07/05) - RENDEZVOUS PH MAGIC ( 7364-50023-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/16/96) - RENDEZVOU S PH UP ( 7364-50010-AA)

• ACTIVE (08/06/97) - RENDEZVOUS SPA DECREASE ( 7364-50017-AA )

• ACTIVE (12/09/97) - RENDEZVOUS SPA INCREASE ( 7364-50018-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/13/01) - RENEWAL (MIN ERAL SPRINGS) ( 5185-50022-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/24/02) - SANI-CLOR NON- CHLORINE SHOCK ( 10897-50027-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/26/98) - SEACO PH BUFFER #2 ( 67799-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/10/06) - SEAKLEAR CHLORI NE-FREE SHOCK ( 72083-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/10/06) - SEAKLEAR SPA - SODIUM BROMIDE FOR SPAS & HOT TUBS ( 72083-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/30/03) - SHOCK OUT FOR SPAS ( 67528-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/20/87) - SHOCKT RINE ( 8959-50006-AA)

• ACTIVE (06/08/93) - SIERRA MURI ATIC ACID ( 8996-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/15/71) - SODIUM HYDROXIDE, 30% SOLUTION (CAUSTIC SODA) ( 8764-50032-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/01) - SOFTCARE PH DOWN ( 74157-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/01) - SOFTCARE PH UP ( 74157-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/24/03) - SPA ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 41760-50012-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - SPA CARE: PH DECREASER ( 71654-50005-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - SPA CARE: S HOCK OXIDIZER ( 71654-50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/22/06) - SPA CA RE: SHOCK OXIDIZER IN WATER-SOLUBLE POUCHES ( 71654-50007-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/21/03) - SPA CLEAR ALKALI NITY INCREASER ( 10305-50076-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/09/01) - SPA CLEA R OXY SHOCK ( 10305-50056-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/17/01) - SPA CLEAR PH BUFFER ( 10305-50062-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/09/01) - SPA CLEAR PH DECREASER ( 10305-50054-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/08/01) - SPA CLEA R RELEASE ( 10305-50058-AA )

• ACTIVE (03/06/80) - SPA DOWN ( 41760-50002-AA)

• ACTIVE (11/24/98) - SPA ESSENTIALS A CCESSORY SPA SHOCK FOR SPAS & HOT TUBS ( 10305-50040-ZA )

• ACTIVE (04/06/99) - SPA ESSENTIALS BA LANCER ALKALINITY INCREASER FOR SPAS & HOT TUBS ( 10305-50009-ZA )

• ACTIVE (06/01/99) - SPA ESSENTIALS BALA NCER PH DECREASER FOR SPAS & HOT TUBS ( 10305-50006-ZA )

• ACTIVE (07/22/99) - SPA ESSENTIALS BA LANCER PH INCREASER FOR SPAS & HOT TUBS ( 10305-50043-ZA )

• ACTIVE (11/30/79) - SPA KEM PH PLUS ( 7616-50033-AA)

- 7 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (11/03/04) - SPA SPECIALTIES BY ROBARB BROM A SPA ACTIVATOR AND SHOCK ( 42291-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/03/04) - SPA SPECIALTIES BY ROBARB PH DOWN ( 42291-50008-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/14/04) - SPA SPECIALTIES BY ROBARB PH UP ( 42291-50009-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/13/04) - SPA SPECIALTIES BY ROBARB SPA PH DOWN ( 42291- 50006-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/13/04) - SPA SPECIALTIES BY ROBARB SPA PH UP ( 42291-50005- AA )

• ACTIVE (01/04/00) - SPA TIME NON-CH LORINE SHOCK ( 67262-50020-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/07/00) - SPA TIME PH STABLE ( 67262-50021-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/14/79) - SPA UP ( 41760-50001-AA)

• ACTIVE (05/26/94) - SPA-TIME NON-CHLO RINE SHOCK TREATMENT ( 67262- 50012-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - SPA-TIME PH DOWN ( 67262-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - SPA-TIME PH UP ( 67262-50010-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/28/00) - SPAGUAR D BALANCER PH DECR EASER ( 5185-50018-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/29/03) - SPAGU ARD OXIDIZER SPA S HOCK ( 5185-50023-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/29/99) - SPATIME SP A PREP ( 67262-50019-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/12/06) - SPECTRUM NT8002 ( 74655-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/17/06) - STABILIZER ( 42291-50013-AA )

• ACTIVE (08/09/04) - STABILIZER & CONDITIONER ( 69470-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/11/05) - STABILIZER & CONDITIONER ( 10305-50079-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/26/01) - SUN CONDI TIONER ( 10305-50050-AA )

• ACTIVE (01/23/02) - SUN POOL ALKAL INITY PLUS ( 10305-50070-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/26/01) - SUN POOL MINUS ( 10305-50048-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/26/01) - SUN POOL PLUS ( 10305-50049-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/26/01) - SUN SU N-BRITE NON-CHLORINE SHOCK TREATMENT ( 10305-50052-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/10/87) - SUNNYSIDE MURIATIC ACID ( 7135-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (12/01/03) - SUNSCAPE MU RIATIC ACID ( 8996-50002-AA )

• ACTIVE (04/14/98) - SUPERIOR POOL PR ODUCTS CONDITIONER STABILIZER ( 71141-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/06/81) - SWIMMING P OOL ACID ( 7616-50011-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/07/00) - SWIMMING POOL ST ABILIZER & CONDITIONER ( 10305- 50047-AA )

• ACTIVE (09/09/04) - SYNTHE X PCA 63 ( 52467-50017-AA )

• ACTIVE (06/28/88) - TC MURIAT IC ACID ( 56388-50001-AA)

• ACTIVE (07/13/99) - TERRA CAL L ( 51032-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/24/94) - TOTA L ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 67262-50018-AA )

• ACTIVE (05/07/03) - TOTA L ALKALINITY INCREASER ( 10305-50078-AA )

• ACTIVE (02/27/04) - TRUE VALUE MU RIATIC ACID (1051146-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (07/17/06) - ULTRA QUICK SWIM ( 42291-50014-AA )

• ACTIVE (10/25/05) - VANTAGE NON-CH LORINE SHOCK ( 69681-50001-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/30/06) - VANTAGE PH MINUS ( 69681-50003-AA )

• ACTIVE (11/30/06) - VANTAGE PH PLUS ( 69681-50002-AA )

- 8 -Appendix 4

• ACTIVE (06/05/03) - YELLOW OUT ( 8908-50001-AA )

- 9 -