TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-11-00198-CR

Kelley Michelle Hernandez, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF MILAM COUNTY, 20TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. CR22887, HONORABLE ED MAGRE, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Appellant Kelley Michelle Hernandez was charged with the felony offense of theft.

See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 31.03(a) (West 2011). She pleaded guilty to the offense in an open plea

to the district court, where the court would determine whether the value of the property stolen made

the offense a state-jail felony or a third-degree felony as alleged by the State. See id. § 31.03(e)(4)

(offense is state-jail felony if value of property stolen is $1,500 or more but less than $20,000), (5)

(offense is third-degree felony if value of property stolen is $20,000 or more but less than $100,000).

Following a punishment hearing, the district court agreed with the State, finding Hernandez guilty of

theft in an amount more than $20,000 but less than $100,000 and assessing punishment at five years’

imprisonment. The district court then suspended imposition of the sentence and placed Hernandez

on community supervision for a period of five years.

Hernandez’s court-appointed attorney has filed a brief concluding that this appeal is

frivolous and without merit. The brief meets the requirements of Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738,
744 (1967), by presenting a professional evaluation of the record demonstrating why there are

no arguable grounds to be advanced. See also Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 80 (1988); High v. State,

573 S.W.2d 807, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978); Currie v. State, 516 S.W.2d 684, 684 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1974); Jackson v. State, 485 S.W.2d 553, 553 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972); Gainous v. State,

436 S.W.2d 137, 138 (Tex. Crim. App. 1969). Hernandez received a copy of counsel’s brief and was

advised of her right to examine the appellate record and to file a pro se brief.

Hernandez has filed a pro se brief asserting reasons why she does not believe the

appeal to be frivolous. Generously construing the substance of the arguments raised in her brief,

Hernandez challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the district court’s finding of guilt,

claims that she was incompetent to stand trial, and contends that trial counsel was ineffective.

Before granting counsel’s motion to withdraw in an Anders appeal, an appellate court

must conduct “a full examination of all the proceeding[s] to decide whether the case is wholly

frivolous.” Anders, 386 U.S. at 744. “The terms ‘wholly frivolous’ and ‘without merit’ are often

used interchangeably in the Anders-brief context.” McCoy v. Court of Appeals, 486 U.S. 429, 438

n.10 (1988). “Whatever term is used to describe the conclusion . . . the court must reach before

granting [counsel’s] request [to withdraw], what is required is a determination that the appeal lacks

any basis in law or fact.” Id.

The court of criminal appeals has further explained the analytical procedure in 

Anders appeals as follows:

When faced with an Anders brief and if a later pro se brief is filed, the court of

appeals has two choices. It may determine that the appeal is wholly frivolous and

issue an opinion explaining that it has reviewed the record and finds no reversible

error. Or, it may determine that arguable grounds for appeal exist and remand the

cause to the trial court so that new counsel may be appointed to brief the issues.

2
Bledsoe v. State, 178 S.W.3d 824, 826-27 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (citing Anders, 386 U.S. at 744;

Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 511 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991)). Although an appellate court is

not required to do so, “when a court of appeals finds no issues of arguable merit in an Anders brief,

it may explain why the issues have no arguable merit.” Garner v. State, 300 S.W.3d 763, 764-67

(Tex. Crim. App. 2009); see Bledsoe, 178 S.W.3d at 827. In keeping with this Court’s practice

of addressing the pro se issues that have been raised, we will briefly explain why Hernandez’s

issues lack “arguable merit.” See Garner, 300 S.W.3d at 767; Bledsoe, 178 S.W.3d at 826-27; see

also Nelson v. State, No. 03-11-00022-CR, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 8999, at *4 (Tex. App.—Austin

Nov. 9, 2011, no pet. h.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Pulliam v. State,

No. 03-10-00737-CR, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 6976, at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 26, 2011,

pet. filed) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Diaz v. State, No. 03-10-00267-CR, 2011 Tex.

App. LEXIS 2667, at *4-6 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 7, 2011, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated

for publication).

In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court considers all the evidence in

the light most favorable to the judgment and determines whether, based on that evidence and

reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, a rational trier of fact could have found the essential

elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319

(1979); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). This standard gives full play

to the responsibility of the trier of fact to resolve conflicts in testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to

draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; see Hooper

v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). If any rational trier of fact could have found the

essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, we must uphold the finding of guilt. See

3
McDuff v. State, 939 S.W.2d 607, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); Cuong Quoc Ly v. State, 273 S.W.3d

778, 781 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d).

As charged here, a person commits the offense of theft if she unlawfully appropriates

propertywith intent to deprive the owner of property. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 31.03(a). The offense

is a felony of the third degree if the value of the property stolen is $20,000 or more but less than

$100,000. Id. § 31.03(e)(5).

In this case, the district court heard testimony from two witnesses: Robert Reilly, the

victim of the theft, and Hernandez. Reilly, an 80-year-old man, testified that he kept approximately

$36,000 in cash in a “little night bag” in his bedroom that he had hidden under several quilts. In

July 2010, Reilly noticed that the money in the bag was missing, along with an additional $1,200 that

he kept hidden in his recliner. According to Reilly, Hernandez was one of three individuals who

had a key to his apartment. Reilly suspected Hernandez of the theft and confronted her about the 1

missing money, but she denied taking it.

Hernandez, during her testimony, admitted stealing approximately $2,000 in cash

from Reilly that she had found in his bedroom but denied stealing the remainder of the money.

Hernandez testified that she had spent $500 of the money on rent and that the balance was spent on

her “drug addiction.” On cross-examination, Hernandez also admitted to stealing Reilly’s watch on

a prior occasion.

When the above evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the judgment and

with appropriate deference to the district court’s credibility determinations, there is no basis in law

The other two individuals were Reilly’s daughter and Sue Riley, a woman who had assisted 1

Reilly after he had broken his femur. Hernandez’s relationship to Reilly is unclear from the record,

although it appears that she may have also assisted Reilly in his day-to-day activities.

4
or fact for concluding that the evidence was insufficient to support the district court’s finding of

guilt. Accordingly, this issue lacks arguable merit.

We next address Hernandez’s claim that she was incompetent to stand trial. A person

is incompetent to stand trial if the person does not have sufficient present ability to consult

with her lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding or a rational as well as

factual understanding of the proceedings against her. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 46B.003(a)

(West 2006). However, “[a] defendant is presumed competent to stand trial and shall be found

competent to stand trial unless proved incompetent by a preponderance of the evidence.” Id.

art. 46B.003(b). A trial court must inquire into a defendant’s mental competence once the issue is

sufficiently raised. See McDaniel v. State, 98 S.W.3d 704, 709 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). The initial

inquiryis informal and is required when evidence suggesting incompetencycomes to the trial court’s

attention and creates a bona fide doubt in the court’s mind as to whether the defendant is

incompetent. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 46B.004(b),(c); Montoya v. State, 291 S.W.3d

420, 425 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009). A bona fide doubt may exist if the defendant exhibits truly

bizarre behavior or has a recent history of severe mental illness or at least moderate mental

retardation. Montoya, 291 S.W.3d at 425. We are to review a trial court’s decision on competence

for an abuse of discretion. Id. at 426. “An appellate court does not substitute its judgment for that

of the trial court, but rather determines whether the trial court’s decision was arbitrary or

unreasonable.” Id.

We find nothing in the record that could raise a bona fide doubt as to Hernandez’s

competence. At one point during her testimony, Hernandez claimed that she was disabled. When

asked to specify her disability, Hernandez testified, “I have post-traumatic stress disorder; I

5
have COPD; I have congestive heart failure. There’s a number—I have like six disabilities on my

paperwork.” This was the extent of her testimony on her disabilities. Hernandez never elaborated

on the nature or severity of her post-traumatic stress disorder or other disabilities, and there is

nothing in the record to suggest that they rose to such a level as to render her unable to consult

with her lawyer or understand the proceedings against her. We also observe that prior to accepting

Hernandez’s plea, the district court inquired into Hernandez’s understanding of the proceedings

against her. When the district court asked Hernandez if she understood the charges against her, the

range of punishment she was facing, and the consequences of her pleading guilty to the offense,

Hernandez answered in the affirmative to each question the district court asked. The district court

then made the following findings: 

It appears to the Court that the Defendant is mentally competent; she’s represented

by competent counsel; she understands the nature of the charges pending against her;

that she’s been admonished by the Court regarding the minimum and maximum

punishment provided by law; she understands those admonitions and is aware of

the consequences of her plea. The waiver, stipulation and admission are found to be

knowingly and voluntarily made and are admitted into evidence.

On the above record, there is no basis in law or fact for concluding that the district court abused

its discretion in finding Hernandez competent to stand trial. Accordingly, this issue lacks arguable

merit.

Finally, we address Hernandez’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. To

prevail on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, Hernandez must prove by a preponderance

of the evidence that counsel was ineffective. Perez v. State, 310 S.W.3d 890, 892 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2010) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)). There are two required

components of an ineffectiveness claim: performance and prejudice. Id. First, Hernandez must

6
prove that counsel’s performance was deficient. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687; Perez, 310 S.W.3d

at 892. To satisfy this prong of the analysis, Hernandez “must show that counsel’s representation

fell below an objective standard of reasonableness” based upon “prevailing professional norms.”

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Perez, 310 S.W.3d at 893. For this performance inquiry we consider

all of the circumstances, with “a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within

the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688-89; Perez,

310 S.W.3d at 893.

“Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced

the defense. This requires showing that counsel’s errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant

of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. To succeed under the

prejudice component, Hernandez “must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for

counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 694.

A reasonable probability is “a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id.

“It is not enough for the defendant to show that the errors had some conceivable effect on

the outcome of the proceeding.” Id. at 693. Rather, she must show that “there is a reasonable

probabilitythat, absent the errors, the factfinderwould have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt.”

Id. at 695. “In making this determination, a court hearing an ineffectiveness claim must consider

the totality of the evidence before the judge or jury.” Id. “[A] verdict or conclusion only weakly

supported by the record is more likely to have been affected by errors than one with overwhelming

record support.” Id. at 696.

A Strickland claim must be “firmly founded in the record” and the “record must

affirmatively demonstrate” the meritorious nature of the claim. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808,

7
813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). For this reason, direct appeal is usually an inadequate vehicle

for raising ineffective assistance claims. Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2005). “This is true with regard to the question of deficient performance—in which counsel’s

conduct is reviewed with great deference, without the distorting effects of hindsight—where

counsel’s reasons for failing to do something do not appear in the record.” Id. Trial counsel should

ordinarily be afforded an opportunity to explain his actions before being denounced as ineffective.

Id. “Absent such an opportunity, an appellate court should not find deficient performance unless

the challenged conduct was ‘so outrageous that no competent attorney would have engaged in it.’”

Id. (quoting Garcia v. State, 57 S.W.3d 436, 440 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001)).

In her brief, Hernandez claims that counsel was ineffective by (1) failing to raise the

issue of her competence to stand trial; (2) failing to call a potential alibi witness, Gloria Olivarez,

whom Hernandez claimed was with her in a different city on the day the theft allegedly occurred;

and (3) failing to inform the trial court that she wanted a jury trial. None of these claims are firmly

founded in the record. We have already explained how nothing in the record raises a bona fide doubt

as to Hernandez’s competence to stand trial. Thus, we could not find counsel deficient for declining

to raise this issue. As for the potential alibi witness, there is nothing in the record showing whether

the witness would have been available to testify, and if so, whether her testimony would have been

favorable to Hernandez. Thus, we could not conclude that there was a reasonable probability that,

but for counsel failing to call the witness, the result of the proceeding would have been different. 

See Perez v. State, 310 S.W.3d 890, 894-95 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (explaining that, for ineffective

assistance purposes, failure to call witness is irrelevant absent showing that such witness was

available and the appellant would benefit from witness’s testimony). Finally, there is nothing in the

8
record demonstrating that Hernandez informed counsel that she wanted a jury trial or that counsel

neglected to inform the district court of any such request. Therefore, we would be unable to find

counsel ineffective on that ground.

On the limited record before us, there is no basis in law or fact for concluding on

direct appeal that counsel rendered ineffective assistance. Accordingly, this issue lacks arguable

merit.

Having reviewed the record, counsel’s brief, and Hernandez’s pro se brief, we

agree with counsel that the appeal is wholly frivolous. See Garner, 300 S.W.3d at 766; Bledsoe,

178 S.W.3d at 826-27. Counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted.

We affirm the judgment of conviction.

__________________________________________

Bob Pemberton, Justice

Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Pemberton and Henson

Affirmed

Filed: December 14, 2011

Do Not Publish

9