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ME¥.iORANDUM FOR DR. FLAX , . 

'l1·IRU MR. lillEER. ,. ·· ': .. 

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:. · · ·:·; SUDJECT: · Proposed Changes in the Scope· of· the. BYEMAN 'md :: :: · 

.. t . . . . :;rALE~"T-KEYHOLE Security Systems ' . · , .. ' ' • ' •, l ··It.:":, .·, ~. ,.1.' ,·.I ' 

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. "" . , Ev.aluata a propose·d COMOR Directive (prepared by DIA> CIA, · · ": . . : 

· ·:.-:,.;. ,,:· .and N~\.O represcnt.at1ves) on the idcntific<:ation of tm.P informs-

."" ·':. tion that may be handled in the TALfu'fl'·I<EYUOLE control channel ,,. · 

. ' ·(Tub A). In an earlier discussion on this paper, you expressed. ;: : .'.., .· iw~·,10 concern about the typo of technical_ and operational .. ··, · .,~'.; · 

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' information proposed for' release unde:i: a' l'•l{ label. , ..'r : ... • ' " • 

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. ·~ .. ·: J'ho T/\I..ENT-KBY'HOLE Sccuri.t:x_.S_yntcm: On August 26, 1960. . ..'.· .. (:: 

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· (a icw dayo aftar the successful recovery of tha first satellite i , . <;. reconnaiomance capsule) President Ei~Hmhowcr directed the : '" · 

:k ::. . estnbliahment of the 'IALENT•lill1110LE ·security system. 'l'he scops : ,::< · . : . .' .. ',, . of t:ha system wasi deocribod in these worda,, "I hereby <liroct . , ·> ·· .-th.at the products of satellite rcconnaisoance, and information.''.''.,.' .. ' 

,:, :- :.~. of the fact of such reconnaioscmca revealed by the product;· , : · ". : 

'- " · sb..:.111 be given .strict security handling under the provisions. of ' · · 

·"' :· ·· ,, a special a~curity control system approved by me. I tiereby .· · · 

.:.i)p4."ove the TAU:NT-IO!;YHOL:E. Sec::urity Control System for this .. purpose •••• 

. }.'he TIYEH!IN Secm:-:1.ty Systcrq: ·On Deccmbar 20, 1961, tha 

μ::, .~.1.N aecurity system wan introduced by the DCI, who published · 

a manual on the subject. The stated purpose of the BYEHAN 

system was "to protect inf:o::cmation pi::rtaining to the development 

and/or,. operational aspccto of NRP projects." The DCI is respon• 

, ... oibla for protecting and controlling Bl"EHAN materials; the DNR.O 

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is r....:spm:1.aibla for datei.1nining individual "must-lui.ow" .for .access tt 

to NRP info1"m2tion; and, by agreoment between the DNRO and. the. '· ' ! . . .: 1,, • ' ' .·,'",· . ' ' ~ ~ 'M. . \ ·.) .. 

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Dh:cctor, DIA., tho lattct' .,1i1ona3G?a0 the :m 'EMAN .. system within 

thti POD (£@~ t;i~ttm?l@, pa:0@4:UHHU:i 41.1 llOD ~eque:u·a fo~ p~oj@c=t 

clcarancea). ·." 

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!ho_F'irst Bond:tn~ of the RulcJl.. Early in 1962, boc.ause oi ... ~.< ·t 

NPIC'a complai~1t that it was nbt being kept current: on camera ·:~·. ·." 

modifications snd now cameras., tho NRO St.off prepared tha first: ·; ,. :· ·. 

in wh.at was to pocoma .n aeries of technic.nl booklctci dasigned , · ;:.:· . . : · . 

to .o.aaiot the exploitation technicicns. It is clanr., from the·· .. '.'. ·. : . ' 

do£init:ionn atntod abova, tha.t thcso booklets should have been ,,: .. < · . 

in the lJY'.i.it·:U\U ayatem, since thoy described., in d~t.ail, ·cmnora >:'··:.''.:' 1

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t;yr;tomo, optical configurations,· operational modes, etc.. Doth ,., . 

l·:2.rc and DIA~-the i:nain customers for th.a bookleto--urgad· the "' '· 

iL~P Sta.ff to corn:d.dor tha u~e of the TALENT-KEYHOLE syst~. in .. ·. :.,. 

1:;.cu of 1llYEMAN,,. arguing that (l) this would preclu~a a flood of ·:,:-:: 

:ct.:c~ucots for BYEHAN codeworll project clcnrnnceo · .unc.1 (2) tha · 

diotrilmtion of the booklets could and would bc:t handled on a . 

strict "muot ... know0 basis. 'l'his argu.'1lcnt ·was considered compelling., 

c.~'.d the 6U~r:estion W'-1S followed with tha iosucnee of numuals for . . . · tho ~.;.u .. 4 <M;d Iai-7 , . .and portincnt aircraft carncrao, in the T-I< ,. f 

.oy::::tmn.. Attach.ad £lt Tab B for your. i1.1fo1"'mation is thc.;s lnteot · · · f 

~ . Guch manual for the G-Cubcd (IUI-8) canier.n, 'liJhich was prepared .. "::,. , ! 

: , . by the Staf£ and published by NPIC. The following examples . · ·· · .:, ,: . [. 

, : .. _·.·illustrate nl''EMAN or BYEZ.·IAN-typo in£orn1'iltion in the XU·8 manual: ·., ' .. :; ! 

,·:'.'.,·. ·· . . :·:Pago. i:·,, . .'Ma.in c&'nora ·opti~a (line d:c&wing) . . '"':· ;(" . , . .' . .',. , . . I 

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· r . ;,;/: ·; · ·Page 2: :'Tha altitude range . , . >: .. ;· :." ·: :. , .... · 

· .~ '. ·.~ , , ', .. · .· . . ~: ... · ·<· t:'ho availability of 601 film speeds.· . · .,. :'' ; ... :> .. · .· ii' 

· ·· · · · · '. . ',·:\ .·.The eJCpccted accuracy of film spe~d. synchroni•; · .:r if 

.. ···,:·· · ··" . zation . ·· '· i:::,··.: ::. 1

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• 1• , • , , ·.· ·.,The use of SO 3tt0l" thin base film · <:.. '., >' 1.:', II 

. :: >. 'l'ha c.amara •a looper ll'.H.i:chanisms .· .. '. ": ... · ... ,"· , ... · ,. if ··. ?;. 

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. , ·.:.Page 4~~: ·.Exposure llnd. processing information · "". ·:~, .. ,

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···. ·Camera. con£:rol: pointing and er.ab angloa · : · 

Diocu1.wio.n of modes of .operati9n. .. · . ; · · ;_ .. : ... ... . . \~· 

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· · .. · Paga· l9i '.;:..Camera :f number .. ' --~ ..... '. ~ .. : ··: . 't . . ' • ' "· ... 

P.aga 21: · ·Art camera operational modes . : 

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However, the diatribution of thet.:Hl ·manunla lwa been carefully'_ .. 

, ce:n-~l'.'olled, aa proraisad .at tha outset by DLi\ and NPIC. Thea . . ; ,,If., 

· (~i:itribution volUA11e is 27 copies.. Reproduction is prohibited.·.· ·· 

'.L4 nhort, asido from the queoti,on of their legitimacy in tha T·K"· .. ; ·;:. 

ByLJt:c:m, those manuals havo not constituted a problem ner sc; · i >i.> · · 

llONl'NOt', their existence may l!..:1VG encour.a3ad tho roco~ Gtro""' : · .' '.. . ~u-:;tion of a DIA proposal to bond tho rules ·a little furthar. · ·' .: · · 

Otho:r: encouragement may hava coma from what appears to m~ to be :: :·. ··: : 

liberal uoe of 'I'•K L• lieu of BJ.''EM!i.N "4t _times by COMOR. snd USII~ •. <.·' . . ' . . . . ·'· . . . ~ , ' ·, ... ,. ' · .. 

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Di.n:in3 tha: past year, the DIA (which, at NRO requeot JI handles ,· , .. 

..:.11 DOD roc;uaoto. for BYE11.t'\N codoword clem:ancoa) hna boon ., 

. pre~::oGd ::;cvoroly for .oddition.:11 BY"ill1AN clearances• particularly 

by DLA plannors, DIA science and technoloey people, und Army m<:«r<~crs .snd charjl'ers. TheGe claaranco :requcats--nurobsring . 

p~:.:~1;Jps 150--aro adv.ancod on the bauis of the following justifi• · .. 

cationi 

1. p:rA I?lnnr.c.rn.. The so people a:i:a reoponcible for cst:i"" ·. ".·." 

mating rcoource needs for DIA's exploitation (~?IC-equivalent) 

·activity.. T~ioy must hava cchcdule infonru:ition on each opcratio•1:.il or plu.'1nad Dystem in order to budget: manpower~ dollar, .. 

ein<l facility resources. Uafortunately, l:rJlP schedules ar~ in th.a · :. " 

. B'liHAN CJystcm. I would reco1r.mond that dGtailed .achadules go to .. · · 

. alrcady-cloarod top management pGrsonnel and then be paraphrased, · '.if neco~aary, for. T-~ cleared peopla) ·" . -< . '. · .... · :. > : .: ... · · · · : . . · . • • ' • ' • ' - • • ~·' • \• • • ': • '• . " .•. ' • .' , '.'I : ' " ' ,·I_•: • 

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· · · Chio Activity btMJ t~CJVCJt' bu"m ~:t.~m~ to ul'J; hom:we:tt 1 t1rn~o :l!l , .. f . . .' · · . prcahm:e from its nwmbo1:s for BYl~HAN clcar::1ncas so thnt ·each · . .. ! · : .' .. . ;: may hava o. ''brond ovc:i.'*Viaw" of reconnaior.u:mco. (I would racom'."'. ':.. r 

·~'.·,.·.mend that DIA clarify tho mir.rnion of thia offica, prior to .. , .. · · f 

, · :.,: .. :·. · ro,,uooting DYfu.'1AN cloarancoa for tho pcopla involved). ·' ···:.·::..·: .. · J 

'.· ,: .· 3. ~::I. f!!DPJ2crn ,imA chn.rtor~.· With the cnnccllat:ton of· · ! 

:: · ·.' . · · ~ho A~C<l?Nh co<lcmoxd, Al1ny n:appcro and( cha

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rtora hnvo been prensing i. · 1

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' .a.:or Gu l.tion.nl CORONA clc.or.ancoo. · We o 1ould h.'J.ve no qualm.a . , . :_ . 

'::· '41bout .opproving ~uch ~te.ar~:mce.G. on .a :"must-know" basis) ... · · : ... '· ~. 't 

· ' .· . 'Iha DIA Special Activities O.ffica (DIA.XX), hc.:idcd by Colonel ... ·.,.:«-:· · Willic.m Hall, hnr.,; <lone an O}:ccllcnt job of handling IlYEHi\N ', .. . " · 

·· .. , B2cu:.:ity pi:occGGing for.tho N:m. Colonel Hull's staff haa a .. · ...... -

, i·:, r:a~;onob~y conocl.--Vative viewpoint and hon turned down about . ;~ .... :. · ,- .. !' 

, .. '. .. ' · Ju ... /~071J of tho requests on. initial. screening.. The idea of adding :·.: · . . 

••• !ilock o.f 150 new people· (tha :mm of l, 2, 3 above) to tha · "; ..... [ 

,, · .· < · r:rj~~::u~ access liat waa not: att4.uctive to DU.XX and altornati.vas · ;: ... · i 

·''' , \ ,wc.:o seiu3ht. Lnct summer, DU.XX <lcvalopcd a new idea: since · ,·i· > : ~_.·.•.• ::_,: t1:00t: ox tho people dc;'.;iri113 codm·m:rd clem:a.nccs .already hau 'l'•K(.·'.· .. · I 

:· '. ,· · clc.a:i:ancca, why not c::?tpnn<l the scope of T-K, on .u r;::ust-k1:ww . ·.·., ;. '. .'.. [.·.• 

· b~1;.;i3, to cover the . information rcqulrcd'l This eJcpzmoion of· . ': .. :.· . ,-'" ·. t T-~~ <lttti.l, plus. tho informntion alreacly .nvailcblo in the NR0 1s .' .. · ., · !. 

'. :·: .. :':.'··· !i~~1)~:~~3 t~~a;:d m~~~a;~,;~sc~:;;:~~~~ t~nb~h=u~!f~;~~; -~~ . ·: .. ·:", r 

: .. , : < . caeca. This was. propos od off id.ally to. C,IA by DIA. · · · · · · · · [ 

.. "', · '< The idea was dove loped further by ·a CIA/OOD committee ·which·-..'.: i .: •·: I · · ;,. · fiG~lly pro du.cad . the pnpar (sea Tab A) which Messrs .. Sheldon.'. ,.,'. · > ·:., · ; ,, ". '.'' · .cii.'-d Osbo1:na havo sent to you for coordintition •. : Under thio · .. · . ·'·1.:" ·, . · 1· ... 

. ;. :· : I ._f • prcpOGD.l the followins items would bo ralousod;:..~.alba::tt a con-' .· ·, ,· , >: 

' . <: i:rollod Oaaio-•to holclera of. M< cleara~ces: ' .·· .. < ', , < ) : , ,,, ·: · 1 

.".·1.·: Opor.ation~l target d~tca fol:'.nov1·syctems :.:··,, :-. >"· ·:,, ··:.-::, .. · I 

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·;. 2. M.is~i~n frcquoncy of, at,l Gys~.~~/-. .. ··:.:.. ! ! t''. '' . '. 1' ,. ' . . •. '' :·. ;: .. , . ' •· .J • - i 

·· · 3. · on..:orbit lifetimoa .. ·•. «; · · " · ., .. ' . ·, . , . i 

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· 1 _:. • •. : •. : .. : oporatl.ng n10..:.ea . I \·\, ' ·~··:'','.I '. j 

. . : < ::, 7 .;;: .. ·SaColli.1.:0 Oporntions Center Control Manuals .. '::· ·.:~1>r. .. : < · 

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·. : '. }' • ll. ' 'Xochni~ill , limitation a of · .l\ll-7 /l<ll-8 ?. : ~ • .. · . · · . . : ·. ;;', ·:'/; . . I . . ' . ~I. ' 1'.• . ·, ,. ·, .,_.,· .; 'ii' ~.·: . ', ', . j: l' 

. ,":.: ·":: 9. ·. Tochn:lcal c.oma.ra d~acription manuals;:'.:·.. .. .: ... .:. · · · ~ .... f 

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swath width, !i:'CcolutioUi,', .c.md · 1 : ' ,.: •• '. ·.·l.. . (\ . ,; ..... (:;•,. 'i • .• 

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'I • ' ·" :' ·'. 10. ' Spacial feature's of currant ot .. 'future systems '; :, i . ,' ·. f ' •• •ll • . • •• • ·, l· 

;·. :. ll.~ ~~Hoa:.Lon co~ta . ·. "· · ., "·;··." .. ., . · · :' /'i ~. ·· / 

12; ; Data' on Oon~photogra~hic ~ge-foi-m,iilg 1i<i;~~ra .· .. '.' •. · ..

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l•I:n~nI~T.I\Tn COURSES 017 L\CTION: : 

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l. [>r.rcp_ .. to the p:;:ono~: 'l'his <loe.o not solvo nn implicit _. r 

h.:-;sic lonaor-tel.-ill p:i:ohlom: <lo wo plan. to kcop tha DYEN.AN and I J..i~LElTI'-l\.l.::YIIOI.Ji: socu.rity systems 1 Doth ayotema al:'o clearly <la fined f 

in their original cha:i:tora. m1fortum::itely, tho NRO hoa contributed 1 

to bllll:ring that clarity by iaouing 'l'·I< tn."muals on the camera.a,, .. , 

dospito tho bost of intentions. Do wa solve the B/'J..'-K iosuo by 

int'roduci:nn a third systcm-... .:.:m cnlurn;od :r-R?" Or expending T-K.. .. 1·· 

to whcro it may include almost ovcrything which is now DYiilU\N? .· 

, /~wJ leaving thoso distinctions to the "Scn1.or Intelligcnco . 

()£.ficera" (sea T.ob n, par;o l of nm .56927-66 iattaclnnont, line 13) 'l I . 2.. No4:.1lf'y ,th,e ·P,t',OJlQ.9.Dl• This mi3ht h..'lva the .advantia.ge. o.f being 

l\\Oi:O pa.lat.able to tho originators; unfortunately, wbare doetl one . l . bcgh~? · Uhich itcms ... -in ouch .on intograted pacl~aze--can bo · elimi••, f 

11.uCc'-i indiviclu.:i.lly on principle? · ., · . / 

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u ., f.s.:£:;r:9r.J.tk1..J2!1n.t, p_1·-.ncf/c.~.: Cnmcn:a manu.a.ls 1 from this 

poin.c ..:oj.·'w.:l1:d ,,\,.rould go i·nto tho lr.ill:Ni.~U/'l'A1~N't ... lO::'.:trO:Lr!: (jointly) 

· ~cz~t~·~•·i:Q:y Dyotcri1. We C'-'n afford. to allow the KII-1+ nnd IDI-7 "· · " . 

r. ;.~1tfais to '"wither away," na thoao· oyGtcma move toward tal.inina• '· 

t:ioh. Tho KH•B manual . (already distributed) would be ra-clnasified '. · 

to includa DYT:l".1A'N ..und ~hG Kll•9 roimual (otill to be written), as : · 

... w9ll. as tmy ·~ubssquant to it. could bt;l protected similarly. ' . .··: .'·' · ·. · !. ' • • " ~ ' • '. ;", ' : J .' I 

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. . . b. Corr.ec~_lf\J~ rm .. f!ilprcf'~±?2?) DIA Qf>pai-ont1y lino tho 

.. :' . . :" 'no'i:ion that tho .I:mO otron3ly Opposoo z:tving llYfilU\.N ai;;:cess to the ... '.:'. ,_._ \ :_ e.:-::ploitcd;io11 cori.mun:Lty. 'Ihia ia a fooling we could correct 

. ra tbm: ca oily. Tha B''lEl::!l\l~ .access clcurancoo which would ba 

required tod~y by salocted exploitation pcrsoru1el ~ould be two: · .. "C0 a'nd "G". Tho 11tm1bcr of clco:rad poroona required ia cstimZltad · '~. 

at scvar•il bundrcd--.all of whom presently have T-K clea.rancoa. · . . 

S incn the1;:e in<livicluals ara bona ficlo participants in tha general. ·. · ·. 

,' · !Hltolliue1 racon~1aioaance activity,. it· would .ha perfectly credible:: .' · 

· " to f;<l:ro.t them. claaranc'1s • a.a requi:.rad.. · · , -.. · '·. , . 

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~l~3 third option has the distldvnnt.03e of "rajcctin.g" the- ...... 

. ' p:;.:oposad DIA·CIA solution to a problem.. ·Various .e.rgumanta will ·, .'., 

bo J.:uiaed .auainst :lt, ·for example: - ' 

l. "Do you really tu.ant several hundred additional people :·.· 

getting i:nto your BYEU/1N buaimws. vioiting your contr.nctora, · <l..::;.:i:.:ndi.1;,:; briofin;;o?.. Ao a matter of record, wa hava had very l:.t\.:~~~e !nt:runion into "BYI~HAN bun;lneoG11 from nYL1u\N-clcarod 

poo::.la und nono that wa can l:ecall from lJ'.~ 'fu.Vu\N-cleiarcd .. e:x:ploita.-

1.:::.on people.. Furthor-, thoao people would 011ly bo briafed on tb.0 

por£:ions of the projcH::~a applicable to. th.ail: businaoa. 

Approved for Release: 2017 /01 /25 C05096391 

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;i.gn •; oo:lJ~am.'1~ ~\J trh11i...uh~ mo~@ Ai~rr'/ pei;itjle. 11 'Eh~ A!."IDY' itJ, · l.

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indeed, "unhappy; 11 · it hno been advocating tho change of T-I<: · :. :. , 

to 'SE9,~1.~r~:, fqJ: coma tiln<i. nut tha Anny' c unhappiness is . . .. ! 

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il:l.rcctco .at ~n allogcid scurcit:y of cleared people,. rat.:hcr th~ta. .. . i 

·, · nt a .givcrt security system. l?crhaps, moro Ai.'Tny exploitation . . · 

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pcoplo do noad EYEM.AN or T-K clcarancoo. Thin nc~ds another look." q I ' . ' ' . I 

, i' ·4. ".Sever.Ill hun<lrod n:lErL.'\t~ clcar.:lncos? . B~foro youtra :·i ~ < . · ~ 

th~our;h, tho rcquaota t·Jill 11umbar thouo.cncls!" Ily the careful .: : . 

trn·~ of clop<.lrtmcmtal billet .:ili:ructures; tho numbez- of clearanceo., . ..:.~L . :, . 

£0;1:- lilctuol C.i:.:ploitotion por.sonnol can ba controlled. And tho .. · 

cknc:ud is not as cnoJ.."'lnous as it· is often iinaginccl; fol: Gl::~mple, ~ ... 

l~CIC ha~ 1600 °m1:ploiters" 4and only 80 naaded acces.a to the l<lI• 7 

m..:i.nu.:il. · · : .• · 

However. I do.holievQ tho third option hua thG advantage of 

gctt.:in;:; 'to tho rte.art of tho problem.. It prooorvos tho ':f.ALENT• · 

r:;:.~;J·Lg ~npd· llYm!AN .a.yatems in ilccordance with their legal function .orul··origir~~l intent; it avoid@ the introduction of what amounts to 

a third ~ocurity sy.st~m; it britlgo .the ?-i1l0 c~marn. mZlnua~s back . · · · 

ur:..dor proper cl:asnification.;. and it should satisfy the needs. of·'"· : 

t:1;;;9 axploitqtion community.· · ,. · ' · · '), '. . ' ·, ... , 

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Approved for Release: 2017 /01 /25 C05096391 

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