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UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD 

MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD 

SUBJECT Current Satellite SIGINT Requirements 

REFERENCE : USIB-D-41, 14/29 (COMOR-D-13/5), 19 April 1963 

1. The attached memorandum on the subject from the Chairman, 

Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance (COMOR), is submitted herewith for 

consideration by the United States Intelligence Board (USIB) of the COMOR 

recommendations contained in paragraph 5. thereof. 

2. These COMOR rscommendations are that the Board: 

a. Note Tabs A and B to the attached memorandum. 

Tab A is a Summary and Evaluation of Results Obtained to Date 

from SIGINT Satellites. Tab B is a Summary of Satellite SIGINT 

Requirements and Collection Guidance Provided the NRO by 

COMOR. These papers are intended to provide the Board an 

appreciation of the value of the Satellite SIGINT collected and 

the way in which COMOR has been acting on the Board's behalf 

in providing requirements to the NRO for the management of 

satellite SIGINT packages thus far developed. 

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b. Approve Tab C to the attached memorandum and 

forward it to the NRO for guidance. Tab C is a proposed 

statement of Current Satellite SIGINT Intelligence Collection 

Requirements of a somewhat longer-term nature than the 

guidance described in Tab B. However, the Chairman, COMOR, 

advises that Tab Cis not intended to be a statement of longrange requirements, which had been the original purpose of 

the statement submitted for the consideration of the Board in 

the reference and referred by USIB to NRO for comment. 

3. The attached memorandum and the three tabs thereto will be 

scheduled on the agenda of an early USIB meeting, probably 19 or 26 August. 

Attachment 

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UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD 

MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD 

SUBJECT: Current Satellite SIGINT Requirements 

REFERENCE: USIB-p-41.14/29 (COMOR-D-13/5), 19 April 1963 

1. The charter of the Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance 

contains an instruction by the Board that it should establish requirements 

for satellite SIGINT collection. Since that instruction was levied, 

COMOR submitted to the Board on 19 April 1963 its recommendations on 

long-term satellite SIGINT requirements as a guidance for development 

of satellite capabilities by the NRO (see r- e fere n-66). Although this 

report with its recommendations to the Board was not approved by the 

Board, it had, unlike the recommendations for satellite photo requirements, the full agreement of COMOR. It will be recalled that the Board 

forwarded this along with the long-range requirements for photo satellite 

reconnaissance to the Director, National Reconnaissance Office requesting 

his comments. These comments were received and were the subject of 

discussions between the NRO and COMOR in the late summer of 1963. 

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However, these discussions were dropped when the DIA reported that 

the Secretary of Defense wished to have a review of the Department of 

Defense requirements in these areas which were to be submitted to him 

before going to the Board. Meanwhile,.COMDR has endeavored to discharge its responsibilities in this field by advising NRO of requirements 

for the tasking of present capabilities and by providing interim guidance 

on objectives and R&D needs. 

2. The Board will note that Tab A is a summary and evaluation 

of the results obtained to date from our satellite SIGINT collection. At 

• Tab B is a summary of the specific mocrnmenzlations‘ COMOR has made directly 

to the NRO. In certain cases, technical suggestions better: to achieve 

desired results were forwarded. 

3. It is well recognized that the satellite SIGINT effort is in 

an R&D stage. No one presumes that the existing capabilities are all that 

we need. All agree that there is a high potential for satellite SIGINT collection in the long-term, earlier in the field of ELINT than in the field of 

COMINT. 

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In this regard, COMOR has attached as Tab C a statement of current 

requirements which it recommends the Board approve and forward to 

the NRO. It will be noted that these statements of requirements also 

include the minimum technical parameters necessary to fulfill our needs. 

It has not attempted to advise on the engineering aspects in achieving 

these parameters. 

5. Recommendations. That the Board: 

a. Note Tabs A and .B and 

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4. It is in this light that COMOR believes it should advise the 

Board on its Current SiCrINT Satellite Intelligence Collection Requirements 

interim. to the development of a statement of long-term needs. These 

requirements cover: 

a. General Search 

b. Radar Order of Battle 

c. Directed Coverage: 

(1) ELINT 

(2) COMINT 

d.. LASER Detection and Recognition. 
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b. Approve Tab C and forward it to the NRO 

for guidance. 

04N0.41-2 

ames Q. Reber 

Chairman 

Commit •n Overhead Reconnaissance 

Attachments (3) 

Tab A 

Tab B 

Tab C 

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TAB A 

Summary and Evaluation of Results 

Obtained to Date from SIGINT Satellites 

Introduction 

1. This paper is presented to review the data collected by 

SIGINT satellites and to summarize the intelligence contributions made 

by the SIGINT satellite program. In evaluating this summary of results, 

it must be recognized that both processing and collection in this program are still in many respects in. the research and development stage. 

General Search 

Z. Objective: The prime objective of the General Search 

portion of the SIGINT satellite program is to collect data on new or 

unusual signals, particularly those in developmental stages prior to 

operational deployment. 

Comment: The present General Search System (POPPY) 

has contributed toward the satisfaction of this requirement.* The POPPY systems have no on-board location 

*CIA considers 'that although the POPPY' system,' in the 3300 me region 

and below, has a potential for collection of ROB data and has provided a 

minimum input to satisfy General Search requirements, it should not be 

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TAB A Cont 

finding capability, although processing techniques are 

under development which may enable the production of 

reasonably accurate locations on a small percentage of 

the vast number of intercepts made by the system. 

3. Results: The more significant results in attempts to 

meet the General Search objective of collecting data on new and unusual 

signals are listed below: 

a. A signal in the 550 - 620 megacycle range 

11.11111is suspected to have. ABM associations and may 

have emanated from the Sary Shagan area. It was intercepted on 7 August 1961. Although subsequent attempts 

have been made to acquire no further intercepts 

have occurred. 

classified as a satisfactory General Search system. The results achieved 

to date, as noted in paragraph 3 below, support this view because of the 

paucity of significant signal data acquired by the POPPY payloads (especially in the critical area above 3300 mc). CIA believes that future launches 

for General Search purposes should have a satisfactory capability for fulfilling requirements stated in Tab C. 

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b. An unusual S-Band signal is 

calculated to have a frequency between 3170 and 3280 

megacycles and a PRF of 2000 pulse per second. The 

first intercept was made in February 1963 and numerous intercepts have occurred subsequently. This 

signal has the characteristics of a tracking or guidance 

radar and may be SAM related. The majority of intercepts appear to be emanating from emitters located in 

the general area of Moscow. 

c. The Sary Shagan related 9,8 pps signal 

was intercepted b). in September and 

October. 1,963 and subsequently by on several occasions. 

d. There have been numerous intercepts 

of new/unusual signals of lesser significance. For 

instance, in February and March of 1964, ISKIIIMBEI 

intercepted at least 11 'signals which may represent a 

new PRF made in TALL KING radars. In addition, a 

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report describing 37 signals collected bye. 

January and February 1964 has recently been released. 

These signals appeared in various frequency bands and 

are considered to be of interest on the basis of their unusual characteristics or because they could not be readily 

identified. Further signals of interest collected by 

POPPY missions include the L-Band the unknown. 

S-Band signal that resembles an radar; 

and the C -Band intercepts by 

April 1964. 

4. Additional useful by-products of POPPY are: 

in 

a. Contributions to an understanding of the 

Soviet radar environment in the S-Band and lower frequencies through the large number of known radar types intercepted. Two reports have been issued on this subject by 

NSA. Additional reports are in preparation. 

b. Over 10,000 signals have been identified to 

emitter type from POPPY data. 

9 

From this data, SAC has 

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produced locations on approximately 1000 emitters, 

of which 300 have been termed new locations and 

inserted into the JCS SLOP . It is recognized that 

these locations are subject to varying degrees of 

accuracy and must be considered to have a sizeable 

CEP. Locations for TALL KING radars have 

provided guidance for the development of "MOON 

BOUNCE!' collection and location techniques. 

Radar Order of Battle (ROB) 

5. Objective - The ROB portion of the effort is directed at 

those emitters whose parameters are sufficiently defined to permit a 

methodical program for acquiring location data, performing periodic 

sampling of emitter activity, and detecting emitter phase out. 

Comment: Because the vehicles are 

designed to collect data from a relatively small 

area at any given time, they are able to provide 

more accurate locations on a larger percentage 

of intercepted signals than POPPY. 

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6. Results: 

a. Thus far in the ROB program, 

have yielded 207 orbits of useable data. 

Mil= launched in had a lifetime of 

11 days and collected data on 118 orbits. Nearly 

2000 radar locations have been produced by the 

to date, about one-half of these from 

11111111111111 Of the 2000 total, 247 are carried as 

new locations. It has been estimated that one-third 

of the radar positions in the STOP have been identified 

and located by satellite intercepts. The locations produced 

are considered to' be accurate generally to and 

refinements to the location technique have permitted the 

derivation under controlled conditions of locations with 

less than a 

which is 

b. 

CEP. Accuracy is less than "desirable" 

but "acceptable" when 

Using parametric information derived from 

is. achieved. 

the General Search Program, it has been. possible to reanalyze iata and determine that collected 

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TAB A Cont 

111111 on at least two occasions. These 

intercepts also emanated from the Moscow 

general area. 

c. Confi=rmation and/or identification of 66 

out of the approximately 170 known or suspected TALL 

KING radar sites both on the periphery and in the 

interior of the Soviet Bloc have been provided from 

SIGINT satellite intercepts. 

Directed Coverage 

7. Objective - Directed Coverage missions are designed 

to provide information on specific high priority targets and as a 

follow-lip to General Search results. 

8. Results: 

a. 

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TAB. A Cont 

b. COMINT - At the present state-of-the-art, 

satellites are somewhat limited in the area of COMINT 

collection in that a single vehileIe orbiting at currently 

utilized altitudes cannot provide the continuity of coverage 

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the probable location of ground-to-air 

c. Radar 

has been attained from R&D COMINT missions to date, 

command data link emitter on Kildin Island computed 

from doppler measurements performed on data collected 

by the NEW JERSEY I vehicle on 1 August 1962 has been 

reported. 

current high interest was first intercepted by 

during valid ABM activity on the Sary Shagan 

Anti-Missile Test Center that involved a high 

altitude nuclear explosion. The WILD BILL 

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Although little success,-; 

(1) The signal which is of 

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TAB A Cont 

that is usually associated with COMINT intercept. 

However, satellites do provide a capability to sample: 

the contents of numerous COMINT emitters, as well 

as a location capability. There is also the possibility 

that the continuity problem may be solved, perhaps by a 

sequential series of satellities,, 

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TAB A Cont 

Mission 7216, which was configured especially 

for the signal, was successful in intercepting the 

on 26 June 1963 also during valid ABM 

activity on the.SSATC. Three subsequent 

intercepts were made in September and October 

by the POPPY General Search vehicle, 

1111111 as previously mentioned, and two LONG 

JOHN vehicles designed for the made 

three intercepts in Novem.ber and five in 

December, producing high quality data. This 

series of satellite intercepts would seem 

to be the most valuable produced by any of the 

directed coverage missions launched to date. 

These proved to be of collateral value to the 

"MOON BOUNCE" program as intercepts of the 

same signal were accomplished during January 

and February of this year utilizing the Naval 

Research Laboratory facilities at the Chesapeake 

Bay Annex. 

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TAB A Cant 

(2) Other significant contributions 

by directed coverage packages are the 12. 5 pps 

signal intercepts by the WILD BILL vehicle in 

June 1963 in conjunction with:the first satellite 

intercepts. The significance of this 

signal is not known at present. 

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---1219P-SEGRE- 
1. The Committee on Overhead ReConnaissance established 

a SIGINT Working Group composed of experts from the various agencies 

participating on COMOR as a means of giving careful attention to the 

preparation of requirements and technical .guidance for the NRO in 

satellite.SIGIME collection, as well as to develop requirements for other 

overhead reconnaissance of denied areas (for the most part confined to 

reconnaissance effort). 

2. In order to give the Board some appreciation of the nature 

of the requirements and guidance provided to the NRO?the following 

summary is submitted. 

.Part I 

Tasking of Existing Available 

SIGINT== Capabilities 

1. The NRO as a routine procedure adVises the SIGINT 

Working Group of the parameters of planned •..i'dflite.;SIGINIT collection 

capabilities. In some instances the NRO, recognizing that choices 

could and should be made in the available technical aspects, has 

The guidance provided by COMORt s Working Group 

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TAB B 

SUrnmary of .Satellite '.SIGINT Requirements and Collection 

Guidance Provided the. NRO by COMOR 

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has indicated priority. targets (with the necessary geographic location 

or emitter frequency) and has recommended the exercise of certain 

technical options which might best contribute to the satisfaction of 

intelligence requirements. An indication of the kind of advice provided 

is indicated below:. 

a. General Search 

(1) On 26 February the NRO was 

advised of the intelligence requirement for the 

methodical search of the 30--18,000 mcs. 

frequency spectrum to avoid technological 

surprise. The first priority was given to a 

dynamic collection capability in orbit for covering 

the 100-10, 000 mcs.- with further emphasis on the 

100-8, 500 mcs. Second- priority was given to 

periodic sampling of frequency between 30--100 mcs. 

and above 10, 000 mcs. 

(2) In addition, the NRO was requested 

to obtain on a routine basis an approximate one-hour 

intercept sample daily over the Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

18 BYE-4606-64 
COMINT Systems. 

(3) Geographic areas were 

recommended for all directed coverage missions 

unless tasked against one specific target. The 

following geographic 

(a) 

(b) 

) 

areas. illustrate: 

Sary Shagan. Missile Test Range 

Tyura Tam Missile Test Range 

Kapustin Yar Missile Test Range 

(d) Shuang Chenz Tzu Missile Test Range 

(e) UKA - Kamchatka Peninsula 

(f) Soviet Baltic Coast 

(g) Moscow area 

(h) Kola Peninsula 

(i) Soviet-Chinese Border areas 

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b. Directed Coverage 

(1) Specific requirements were 

provided along with technical guidance and 

information tolerances necessary to fulfill 

the stated requirements for telemetry, ABM 

radar, SAM systems, 

Soviet 
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c. Radar Order of Battle. The NRO was advised of: 

(1) The need for a quarterly update of 

the deployment of ROB targets (emitters). 

(2) 

order of the 

(3) 

The frequency band in priority 

maintenance oi.:the.ROB. 

The collection information 

tolerances required. 

(4) A priority need to maintain a 

quarterly update of the TALL KING Radar 

Order of Battle. 

Part II 

Interim Guidance on Satellite SIGINT 

Target :Objectives: and R&D Needs:. 

In April of 1963 the COMOR Working Group prepared 

specific technical suggestions which COMOR requested the NRO to 

take into account pending the development by COMOR for the Board of 

the long-range satellite SIGINT requirements. This paper included 

comments on the then projected schedule for satellite SIGINT collection, 

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the distribution of- payloads between the General Search and Directed 

Coverage payloads, the allocation of frequency bands for ROB, a 

recommendation on additional frequencies to be covered, .the importance 

of the COMINT signal, the desirability of the collection against 

objectives, the desirability of an effort against the 

radio telephone, the need for continuing 

efforts to obtain. TALL KING location and lobe structure information, and 

comment on the Directed Coverage for ABM guidance signals. The 

NRO responded to these suggestions, commenting in turn on each as to 

what were the possibilities and indicating which suggestions could be 

adopted at that time. 

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TAB C 

Current Satellite'SIGINT Intelligence 

Collection Requirements 

Introduction 

1. This paper presents the Current Satellite SIGINT 

Intelligence Collection Requirements, and supersedes all similar 

requirements papers, and, will be augmented. by "Collection Guidance 

documents, In determining these requirements no reference was made 

- to a particular galeinfe:JSIGIN:T. system or systems to which the 

requirethents might be applied. It 'should be noted that thp collection 

tolerances contained in this paper are desired goals, and that they do 

not:consider state-of-the-art limitations or cost factors. 

2. In outlining the requirements for the satellife;:SIGINTcollection program, attention is invited to the references at the end of 

each section. These refer to sections of the USIB-approved Priority 

COMINT Requirements (PCR) and the USIB-approved ELINT Requirements List (ERL), respectively, USIB-S-9. 300, 19 June 1963, 

USIB-5-9. 3/6, 10 May 1963. 

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General Search Category 

3. The objective of the General Search Category is to maintain in orbit a continuous capability to collect data on new and unusual 

signals, particularly those in developmental stages prior to operational 

deployment. This. General Search capability should produce valid positive 

and negative data. In order to satisfy the stated objective, the following 

requirements exist: 

a. Geographic Coverage: The Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

b. Periodicity of Coverage: Daily at random 

periods of time to insure environmental sampling of the 

entire 30-12,000 mc frequency spectrum. 

c. Frequency Coverage (30-12, 000 mc) 

in priority order: 

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d. 

e. 

f. 

g.. 

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i. 

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4. Parametric Information Tolerances. (Pulsed Emitters); 

a. Detection of signals with a signal-to-noise 

ratio of 15 db from emitters at the horizon with a radiating 

power of 100 KW at 3500 me linearly decreasing to 20 KW 

at 10, 000 mc. 

b. Measurement and Identification of radiated 

main lobe signals with + 10 db. 

c. Measurement of PRF within + 1% at rates 

up to 5.000 pps and within .+ 5% above 5000 pps. 

Measurement of signal frequency within + 5%. 

Measurement of pulse width within + 10%. 

Measurement of beam width within. + 25%. 

Measurement of scan rate within + 1%. 

Determination of signal interceOt time within + 

DeterminatiOn of signal emitter location 

miles. 

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5. Parametric Information Tolerances (Non-Pulsed): 

a. Capability to detect CW emitters. 

6. Relationship:of Requirements to PCR and ERL: 

a. The General Search objectives stated above 

are consistent with the ERL Requirements related to 

Priorities 1A, 2C, 3A, 3D, and 3E. 

Radar Order of Battle Category 

7. The objective of the Radar Order of Battle (ROB) Satellite 

Category is the identification and location of emitters, the parameters of 

which are sufficiently defined, to permit a methodical effort toward acquiring 

location data, periodic sampling of emitter activity, and detecting emitter 

phase-out. In order .to satisfy the stated objective the following requirements exist: 

a. Geographic Coverage: The Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

b. Periodicity of Coverage: Quarterly. 

c. Frequency Coverage, in order of priority: 

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150 - 175 mc 

4930 - 5095 mc 

2600 - 3250 mc 

700 - 915 mc 

550 - 680 me 

6550 - 6700 mc 

8000 - 8100 mc 

103 - 110 mc 

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d. Parametric Information Tolerances: 

(1) Location - + Necessary; 

Desirable. 

(2) Measurement of emitter frequency 

+ 5%. 

(3) Measurement of PRF + 3%. 

(4) Measurement of scan rate 

(5) Measurement of pulse width 

+ 10%. 

+ 10%. 

RelationShip of Requirements to PCR and ERL: 

(1) The ROB objectives stated 

above are consistent with the ERL requirements related to Priorities 2A, 2D, and 3A. 

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Directed. Coverage Category 

8. The objective of the Directed Coverage Category is to 

provide information on specific high priority emitters and geographical 

areas. In order to satisfy the stated objective, the following requirements 

exist: 

a. ELINT Requirements: 

(1) VHF Telemetry: To detect, 

recognize, and locate telemetry transmissions 

associated with the development, testing, 

deployment, and operation of Soviet offensive 

missile systems. 

((1)) Geographic Coverage: 

Sino-Soviet Bloc. (Specific geographic 

areas of interest to be provided by the 

SROI. ) 

((2)) Periodicity of Coverage: 

Continuous coverage with specific collection guidance to be provided as 

appropriate. 

7.AP 

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((3)) Frequency Coverage: 

60 - 80 mc. Band center frequencies: 

6.1 me 

66 Inc 

71 mc 

76 mc 

((4)) Parametric Information 

Tolerances: 

((a)) Recovery of data 

of sufficient quality to permit 

the production of telemetry 

analogs for conversion into 

useable intelligence data. 

((b)) Measurement of 

emitter frequency of sufficient 

accuracy to identify the noted 

frequency bands. 

((c)) Location: Necessary 

Desired + 

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(2 ) ABM Emitters: To detect, recognize, 

and locate emissions emanating from the HEN series 

or other systems considered associated with the Soviet 

Anti-Ballistic Missile Program. 

((1)) Geographic Coverage: SinoSoviet Bloc. (Specific geographic areas of 

interest to be provided by the SROI. ) 

((2)) Periodicity of Coverage: 

Repeated coverage for continuity with 

specific collection guidance provided as 

appropriate. 

((3)) Frequency Coverage: In 

priority order: 

155 - 165 mr 

1100 - 2400 mc 

150 - 200 mc 

N. B. - The suspect ABM related. emitter (550 - 620 mc) has not 

been intercepted since its initial appearance in August 1961 despite 

numerous a ttempts to do so. Therefase3 it is deemed advisable not to 

include as an ABM Directe'd Coverage target until additional 

information becomes available to indicate that this emitter is in fact 

active within the USSR. 

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((4)) Parametric. Information 

Tolerances: 

Frequency: + 1 . 

PRF: + 1%. 

PW: + 5%. 

Location: 

Time of Intercept: 

± 1 rnilsec. 

((f)) 

((g)) 

((h)) 

((1)) 

+ 10 usecs. 

Scan Rate: + 1%. 

Power within: + 1 db. 

Beam width: + 5%. 

Pulse to Pulse Stability: 

Lobe structure 

Intrapulse modulation to 

determine range resolution. 

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Relationship :of Requirements 

to PCR and ERL: 

((a)) The Directed Cov0-age 

objectives stated above are consistent 

with the ERL requirements related to 

Priorities 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3C, 

and 3E. 

COMINT Requirements: Detection and recognition 

(( 5 )) 

of the following COMINT targets with the capability to furnish the noted 

information: 

(1) To define deployment and 

provide information concerning schedules, frequency 

allocations, and channel activity, and to recover 

sufficient textual content to allow determination of 

users and types of communication: 

((1)) Geographic Coverage: 

Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

((2)) Periodicity: Sustained 

coverage for a 60 to 90 day period. 

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((3)) Frequency Coverage: 

1500 - 1800 mc. 

((4)) 

Tolerances: 

Parametric Information 

((a)) Location: + 

((b)) Frequency: + 1%. 

((c)) Presence or absence 

of signal, activity. 

To sample emissions for 

determining extent and purpose of employment, and 

to recover sufficient textual content to allow determination of users and types of communication. 

((1)) Geographic Coverage: 

Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

((2)) Periodicity: Sustained 

coverage for a 60 to 90 day period. 

((3)) Frequency Coverage: 

60 to 70 mcs. 

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((4)) Parametric Information 

Tolerances: 

((a)) Presence or 

absence of signal activity. 

((b)) Location: 

( 3) I+ To determine precise 

locations and inter-relationship of emitters, 

including the passing of redundent data in adjacent 

channels. 

((1)) Geographic Coverage: 

Sino-Soviet Bloc. 

Periodicity: Sustained 

coverage for a 60 to 90 day period. 

(( 3)) Frequency Coverage: 100 - 200 mcs. 

(( 4)) Parametric Information 

Tolerances: 

((a)) Location: 

((b)) Recovery of sufficient 

signal content to identify the users. 

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(4) Relationship of Requirements to 

PCR and ERL: The Directed Coverage COMINT 

requirements stated above are consistent with 

PCR requirements related to Priorities IB1, 

and IBZ. 

LASER Category 

9. A LASER detection and recognition category is required to 

maintain cognizance of Soviet LASER developments and.application.s. This 

capability should cover the broadest range of frequencies, within the 

progressions of the state-of-the-art, to achieve the highest probability of 

detecting and recognizing Soviet use of LASERs for ranging and tracking 

satellites and missiles. The use of the RUBY LASER with an output of . 69 

microns can reasonably be assumed to be the initial LASER used,: although 

diverse types of LASERS operating from . 61 to 3. 2 microns may be anticipated. 

Therefore coverage of the usetible frequencies- within the .61 to 3. 2 micron 

range should be accomplished. The capability should acquire useable data 

• which.will provide information on the frequency, type, and mode of operation 

of any LASER signals intercepted. 

10. The LASER detectionand recognition objectives are consistent 

with the ERL Requirements related to Priorities 1C, ZB, and 3A. 

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