# Patent

## Title
Method and system for providing cloud subscriber identity module (SIM)

## Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for mobile communication where upon detecting a change in registration of a subscriber of a 5 client network at a visited operator, the subscribers client networks IMSI is switched to a hub operators IMSI. The hub operator is selected from a cloudSIM hub ecosystem, depending on the location of the subscriber. Thereafter, a cloudSIM hub converts between the signaling on the hub operators IMSI to signaling on the client operators IMSI. Further, the cloudSIM hub relays the converted signaling between 10 the visited operator and the client operator.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a National Stage entry of International Application PCT/US2012/050952 filed Aug. 15, 2012, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/523,731 entitled “Dual IMSI Ecosystem”, filed Aug. 15, 2011. The disclosures of each of these prior applications being hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to mobile communication. More specifically, the invention relates to handling mobile communication while roaming.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Roaming traffic contributes a significant percentage of an operator's revenue and even a better percentage of the operator's margin. With increasing competition and regulatory control, operators are being more pressured to increase their roaming revenue. Over the last few years, revenues to the network operators from home subscribers have consistently declined due to increased competition and resulting pricing pressures. On the other hand, revenues from roamers have consistently grown in the same period due to increased mobile penetration in local markets and an increase in travel.
As the global mobile roaming market business model is evolving, the industry understands the strategic importance of roaming to operator's revenues and profit margins and is adapting various newly proposed regulations. The operators understand that they must develop strategies for driving the number of roamers and roaming usage, while lowering tariff rates.
Amongst the roaming business, the average margins on inbound roaming revenue is around 80% and the average margins on outbound roaming revenue is around 20%. The key challenge lying before the operators is to maximize the outbound roaming revenues. While analyzing the outbound roaming revenues, it should be noted that on an average 40% of the outbound roaming revenues are contributed from Mobile Originated (MO) calls made by outbound roamers. Of these MO calls, almost 70% calls are back home and 10% are to other markets outside the current roaming destination of the subscribers. The revenue earned by the operator from these calls is minimal considering the revenue distribution between the current roaming network of the roamers and the destination network to where the call is made.
The roaming charges levied to a roamer for the outgoing calls made also constitute Inter Operator Tariffs and retail markups. The operators are increasingly coming under price pressure to offer better retail rates compared to wholesale tariff. The IOTs carry about 80% margin today whereas retail roaming charges carry only 20% margin. While the operators rely heavily on IOT discounting while setting up roaming agreements to maximize their roaming margins, the exception to the rule is outgoing international calls to other networks, the international outgoing calls continue to be expensive.
The key drivers constituting outbound roaming revenue are hence the Inter Operator Tariff, Termination Rates and Retail Markup. The operator can leverage the retail markup by selecting a “preferred partner” network that offers lesser IOT and lesser termination fees. There could also be an ecosystem of such preferred partner networks who offer each other discounted tariffs.
In accordance with the foregoing, there is a need in the art of a system, a method, for creating a solution that gives an operator the ways to leverage the ecosystem of preferred partner networks to enable a subscriber use a preferred network's IMSI while roaming, with the aim of maximizing the margin that accrues to the home operator. While the focus of the invention is on roaming, the methods can also be applied similarly to international calls too.
SUMMARY
The present invention is directed towards a method and system for mobile communication where upon detecting a change in registration of a subscriber of a client network at a visited operator, the subscriber's client network's IMSI is switched to a hub operator's IMSI. The hub operator is selected from a cloudSIM hub ecosystem, depending on the location of the subscriber. Thereafter, a cloudSIM hub converts between the signaling on the hub operator's IMSI to signaling on the client operator's IMSI. Further, the cloudSIM hub relays the converted signaling between the visited operator and the client operator.
The present invention provides a cloudSIM service that is an ecosystem that leverages mobile operators to offer discounted tariff to partner networks and client networks which have subscribed to the cloudSIM service and are a part of cloudSIM ecosystem. Each cloudSIM hub allocates a series of IMSIs which can be allocated by the client operator to its subscribers. Each client operator subscriber opting for this service is allocated a special multi-IMSI SIM card which consists of the client operator IMSI and a series of roaming IMSIs of hub partner operators of cloudSIM ecosystem as selected by the client operators. The roaming IMSIs are pre-provisioned in multi-IMSI SIM card.
The system and method of the present invention, in its various embodiments also facilitate addition of any additional IMSIs by downloading them using OTA platform. The additional IMSIs can also be added through a SIM applet (STK) that intelligently selects the right network for the service without any manual intervention from the end subscriber thus making the entire roamer experience seamless.
The system and method of the present invention, in its various embodiments provide the cloudSIM ecosystem that has multiple hub partner networks and client networks that subscribe to the cloudSIM service. The service offering that leverages Roamware's partnership with leading signaling and voice service providers around the world, to re-route the call via a cloudSIM hub that is deployed within the carrier cloud either in each hub operator or a central location for a group of hub operators. The subscriber's client network IMSI is switched with an IMSI from a hub operator depending on the location of the subscriber. The user experience for the roaming subscriber is not affected in any way, and he continues to enjoy normal roaming service while traveling.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings, the same or similar reference numbers identify similar elements or acts.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system for implementing cloudSIM service, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a system for implementing cloudSIM service, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 represents a flowchart depicting method for enabling mobile communication using the cloudSIM service, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one having ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known features may be omitted or simplified, so as not to obscure the present invention. Furthermore, reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic, described in connection with the embodiment, is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase “in an embodiment”, in various places in the specification, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
The present invention provides a system and a method for facilitating mobile communication for a subscriber of a Home Public Mobile Network (HPMN) roaming in a Visited Public Mobile Network (VPMN). In accordance with various embodiments, the present invention provides a method and system providing the subscriber a facility to use IMSI of a different operator other than his home operator's IMSI to offer better tariffs.
FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 for implementing cloudSIM service, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A subscriber 102 of HPMN 104 (from home country) is roaming in a VPMN 106 (from visiting country). The subscriber 102 is connected to a VPMN VLR 108, when it is roaming outside HPMN 102. In one embodiment of the invention, VPMN VLR 108 is integrated with a VMSC in VPMN 106. Notwithstanding, both VPMN VLR and VMSC may have different logical addresses. Subscriber profile data corresponding to subscriber 102 is stored in HPMN HLR 110. The signaling corresponding to subscriber 102 is routed using an international STP 1 112 at VPMN 106 and international STP 2 114 at HPMN 104. The signaling between HPMN 104 and VPMN 106 is carried using SS7 signaling architecture 116. The signals exchanged between HPMN 104 and VPMN 106 are MAP based signals. Other network elements of HPMN 104 (e.g., MSC/VLR) communicate with various other network elements of VPMN 106 (e.g., HLR, VLR etc.) via the SS7 link. It will also be apparent to a person skilled in the art that various components of HPMN 104 communicate with VPMN 106 using various signaling techniques including, but not limited to, SS7, SIP, IP, ISUP etc.
The HPMN 104 subscribes to the cloudSIM service as client operator to enable provisioning of multiple IMSIs to its subscriber 102. The visited operator in VPMN 106 is the current location of the subscriber. The multiple IMSIs that are provisioned on subscriber's SIM belong to a hub PMN that is a part of cloudSIM ecosystem. In this embodiment, hub PMN 116 provides its IMSI to subscriber's SIM. The hub PMN 116 includes a cloudSIM hub 118 that interfaces with international STP 3 120 to manage the signaling across networks. The hub operator is either an MVNO, an MNO having its own set of IMSIs.
It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that cloudSIM hub 118 can be present either on-net hub PMN 116 or off-net hub PMN 116. In other words, the cloudSIM hub 118 can be deployed in hub PMN 116 or at a central location that is serving multiple hub PMNs that are a part of cloudSIM ecosystem.
The cloudSIM ecosystem service leverages Roamware's ecosystem of cloudSIM hubs to offer special discounted tariff to the client operators who want to be a part of cloudSIM ecosystem. Each cloudSIM hub allocates a series of IMSIs which can be allocated by the client operator to its subscribers. Each client operator subscriber opting for this service is allocated a special multi-IMSI SIM card which consists of the client operator IMSI and a series of roaming IMSIs corresponding to the cloudSIM hubs as selected by the client operators. The roaming IMSIs are pre-provisioned in SIM card but any additional IMSIs can also be downloaded using OTA platform, in cases where the subscriber wants to avail coverage offered by an additional cloudSIM hub.
In order to explain how subscriber's 102 call is managed by the cloudSIM service, we take a use case scenario. Assume that subscriber 102 from UK (HPMN) roams into a destination VPMN 106 as Belgium. Now, when subscriber registers into an operator in Belgium, the SIM Toolkit Application (STK) in subscriber's SIM card detects subscriber's location as Belgium and then selects the right roaming IMSI which works in Belgium and makes that IMSI as active IMSI of subscriber. In this case, the active roaming IMSI could be an EU network IMSI (e.g. Italy) provided by the cloudSIM Hub in EU region and that IMSI works in any country in EU region. As a result client operator (i.e., HPMN 104) of subscriber 102 gets benefit of EU regulation on regional roaming and gets a discounted wholesale roaming rate. Subsequently, all signaling for that roaming subscriber flows via the cloudSIM hub network and cloudSIM hub (deployed in cloud SIM hub network) takes care of swapping of EU IMSI (roaming IMSI) with home (UK) IMSI and relay the signaling to the client network's (HPMN 104) HLR or SMSC or SCP so that the subscriber can use all the relevant services offered by home network. The billing settlement between the client operator and the hub operator of the chosen roaming IMSI is brokered via Roamware. The hub operator can also do billing settlement with the visited network.
In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, cloudSIM hub 118 converts one or more signaling parameters of signaling associated with the hub operator's IMSI to one or more signaling parameters of the signaling associated with the client operator's IMSI. The one or more signaling parameter could include MSISDN of the subscriber. In some cases, the subscriber's MSISDN is changed while communicating with the visited operator. Other signaling parameters include MAP signaling, call signaling, subscriber's MSISDN, CAMEL/SIP/TCAP transaction, data sessions and data traffic.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, subscriber 102 may also register directly with a cloudSIM hub operator rather than a visited operator. FIG. 2 illustrates a system for implementing cloudSIM service, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. In this case, subscriber 102 registers with a VLR/GMSC of hub PMN 116. To explain call handling in this embodiment, another use case example is taken. In a second use case scenario, let us assume us subscriber 102 from UK (HPMN) roams into a hub PMN as Mexico. Now, when subscriber registers into an operator in Mexico, the SIM STK in subscriber's SIM card detects subscriber's location as Mexico and selects the right roaming IMSI which works in Mexico and make that IMSI as active IMSI of subscriber. In this case, the active roaming IMSI will be a Mexican IMSI provided by Roamware's local cloudSIM Hub in Mexico region and this IMSI works in Mexico only. As a result the client operator gets benefit of local IMSI and can get discounted wholesale roaming rate. Subsequently, all signaling for that roaming subscriber flows via Roamware's cloudSIM hub installed in Mexico, which takes care of swapping of roaming (Mexico) IMSI with home (UK) IMSI and relay the signaling to the client network (UK) HLR or SMSC or SCP so that the subscriber can use all the relevant services offered by home Network. Again, in this case too, the billing settlement between the client operator and the hub operator of the chosen roaming IMSI is brokered via Roamware.
FIG. 3 represents a flowchart depicting method for enabling mobile communication using cloudSIM service, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. At step 302, subscriber's SIM STK or a network application detects a change in registration of a subscriber of a client network at a visited operator. Thereafter, at step 304, the subscriber's SIM STK switches from subscriber's client network's IMSI to a hub operator's IMSI. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the change in subscriber's IMSI is based on at least one of a roaming location of the subscriber, class of the subscriber and a predefined logic. The subscriber's IMSI is changed via a configuration file. The configuration file can be changed via OTA communication. Alternatively, the subscriber's IMSI is changed by SIM STK application that communicates with network application via USSD, or SMS or any other bearer. Once the IMSI is switched, subsequently, at step 306, cloudSIM hub converts between the signaling on hub operator's IMSI to signaling on client operator's IMSI. Further at step 308, cloudSIM hub relays the converted signaling between the visited operator and the client operator.
The special multi-IMSI SIM cards are typically pre-provisioned with a set of roaming IMSIs for a set of destinations as chosen by the client operator initially. Now, if the client operator wants to offer few more destinations to its subscriber, the client operator just needs to update the contract with Roamware with additional destinations and Roamware can do an OTA campaign to download additional IMSIs in cloudSIM subscribers' SIM cards. This avoids the issues for SIM swapping.
In some cases, the subscriber's IMSI is changed to a default IMSI via the configuration file. The default IMSI is selected from a sequence of IMSIs in preference order or random order, until one IMSI is successfully registered with the visited network. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the configuration file indicates to dynamically obtain an IMSI. In this case, the SIM is first registered with the default IMSI for the roaming location and then the SIM will request an IMSI via a USSD or SMS or other bearer channel (e.g. WiFi, GPRS, LTE etc.) for a dynamically assigned IMSI for the roaming location. The request then comes to the default IMSI hub, which then consults a central worldwide system or a system responsible for the IMSI assignment of the location (corresponding with the home IMSI) for a dynamically assigned IMSI for the roaming location for the subscriber. Thereafter, the IMSI is sent via OTA via USSD, SMS or other bearer channel in response to the IMSI request. The SIM then re-registers with the newly assigned IMSI.
In order to manage the billing, the cloudSIM service is set up a wholesale broker by Roamware, whose IMSI hub partners' IMSI and rates are resold with markup to client operators (including MNO, MVNO, and MVNE etc.). The subscriber is billed based on rates received from the hub operator of cloudSIM ecosystem. In order to handle billing for TAP and NRTRDE, cloudSIM hub charges a markup for the leg from the roaming partner IMSI to cloudSIM hub IMSI with roaming partner rate. Further for the leg from cloudSIM hub IMSI to client operator with markup from cloudSIM hub.
In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, cloudSIM hub performs the following activities to provision cloudSIM service.

    
    
        Reserves sequential blocks of IMSI(s) for client operators.
        If it is not possible to allocate a large contiguous range (covering the entire IMSI range of sponsored network), then multiple small contiguous ranges are assigned but minimum block size is maintained at 5,000.
        Reserves a block of GT's to represent serving MSC/VLR in international networks (4 to 5 GT's are required).
        Reserves a Global Title per network element of client operators.
        The dual IMSI SIM card of the subscriber has hub operator's Global Title allocated for SMSC of leveraging operator as service center address against the roaming IMSI (hub operator's IMSI).
        The SMSC address in the SIM card against hub allocated IMSI is a hub allocated SMSC GT.
        For every IMSI range reserved, hub GMSC is configured to route messages with SCCP Called Party address with Numbering Plan E.214 (MGT) to cloudSIM hub.
        For every GTC allocated for representing client operator's network nodes, GMSC is configured to route messages with Called Party Address with allocated GT to cloudSIM hub.
        For every GT allocated for representing visited international network's MSC/VLR, GMSC is configured to route messages with Called Party Address' initial (12) digits matching (partial match) reserved Global Titles to cloudSIM hub.
        The SSN-149 is required to be allowed for cloudSIM hub point code for GPRS services.
        The public IP addresses for the cloudSIM hub behaves as GGSN and SGSN.
        The client operator's APNs is configured in hub network's DNS and the GGSN IP is configured as cloudSIM hub. Alternatively, the client operator provides a wildcard (like *.ve.mnc.mcc.gprs) in order to make provisioning easier.
        For common APNs such as blackberry.net, the data traffic is routed through cloudSIM hub GGSN. Given the specific nature of Blackberry authentication and charging implementation, cloudSIM hub is required to ask Research In Motion to charge all blackberry traffic on ICCID and SFID, and not the IMSI received in the application level messages for Blackberry.
        The cloudSIM hub has the ability to query hub operator's DNS.
        Signaling interconnection is required between client operator and cloudSIM hub.
        Data interconnection is required between client operator and cloudSIM hub
        The cloudSIM hub segregates the service usage records for usage made on local or roaming using cloudSIM hub IMSIs and generates TAP files towards Roamware's identified Data Clearing House (DCH).
    
    


In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the client operator requires the following logistic requirements in order to provision cloudSIM service to its subscriber.

    
    
        The client operator needs to provide special Multi-IMSI SIM cards for its cloudSIM subscribers. The subscriber's local number should not change. The multi-IMSI SIM card contains client operator's IMSI along with one or more IMSIs for different regions/destination.
        The client operator need to open its routing for GT's published by Roamware for each of its hub of who's services are availed by the client operator to represent serving MSC/VLR in international networks.
        The cloudSIM SIM card should have corresponding cloudSIM hub's GT allocated for SMSC of leveraging operator as service center address against each IMSI provisioned from the cloudSIM service on the multi-IMSI SIM card.
        The SMSC address in the SIM card against hub allocated IMSI is configured to be a hub allocated SMSC GT.
        The SSN-149 is required to be allowed for cloudSIM hub's point code for GPRS services.
        The SSN-146 is required to be allowed for cloudSIM hub's point code for CAMEL services.
        The client operator provides a wildcard (like *.ve.mnc.mcc.gprs) in order to make provisioning easier.
    
    


In addition to the above, the client operator needs to enable SIM logistics that includes:

    
    
        SIM application
        Off-the-shelf OTA service for the deployment and configuration of the applet.
    
    


The cloudSIM service is essentially a SIM-based solution, which manages multiple IMSIs for the subscriber. The home IMSI is used in the subscriber's home country, and when roaming to any country where the operator has a bilateral agreement in place. The international IMSI is used when abroad for connection to the cloudSIM Hub or allowed bilateral roaming relationship of cloudSIM Hub. The switching between the two IMSIs is handled automatically by an intelligent application residing on the SIM Card, depending on location of the subscriber.
The SIM card is provisioned with multiple IMSI, with IMSI containing relevant information pertaining to supported networks (PLMNs), Access Control Class, Service Provider Name, Service Provider Display Information and Short Message Service Parameters etc. The SIM card is usually provisioned with the dual IMSI applet and home IMSI. It is also possible to download the dual IMSI applet using OTA. OTA is used as well to add/delete foreign IMSIs with their corresponding characteristics to enable usage abroad in selected networks. The OTA campaign is required whenever the subscriber opts for a new destination or opts out of existing supported destinations. The campaign can also be scheduled by the home operator depending on their rules and preference.
Each SIM card contains three standardized files used during location update while roaming. These files are

    
    
        List of preferred roaming partners
        Current registered network
        List of forbidden networks
    
    


Once the handset is powered on and the current location/network is detected, the SIM Card receives the necessary events from the mobile phone equipment informing the current location of the subscriber. Based on this location, the applet loaded on SIM processes the files provisioned to select the appropriate IMSI and subsequently use that IMSI to register with the appropriate network. In case, the coverage to appropriate network is lost, the file is re-scanned by the applet and the re-selection of appropriate network/IMSI combination is done. However if none of the available network is provisioned to be selected by foreign IMSIs the applet restores the identity to the home IMSI and uses the home IMSI to access the available network.
All throughout the user experience is seamless and non-intrusive. All the operations pertaining to SIM card management, applet download and IMSI management as well as network selection are transparent to the user thus making the entire roaming experience very easy. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that all services are available on home number and hence user experience does not change. In addition to this, in selected countries, subject to local regulations, local numbers may be available along with IMSIs which can be used by the end user of the service.
The cloudSIM ecosystem help the cloudSIM client networks to provide services to its outbound roamers across international borders at the costs much lower than incurred during traditional roaming arrangements. This is done by leveraging use of local/regional IMSIs made available through Roamware's global cloudSIM alliance. The operators are also benefited

    
    
        To offer a competitive roaming tariff to subscribers
        To overcome competition from international SIM card providers
        To tap additional revenue from M2M services which are of global nature e.g. Transportation, shipping etc.
        To increase outbound roaming footprint for CAMEL, GPRS or 3G.
    
    


The cloudSIM ecosystem also helps the cloudSIM hub operators on following parameters:

    
    
        Get additional inbound traffic from new networks/subscriber base of the client operators who would leverage the attractive service rates offered by the cloudSIM hubs.
        Get additional inbound traffic from cost conscious travellers who prefer to use alternate channels of communication.
        Tap additional revenue from M2M services which are of global nature e.g. transportation, shipping etc.
        Offer additional outbound traffic to their roaming partners and increase volume offered to these partners to leverage on additional discounts
    
    


The additional benefits from cloudSIM ecosystem for the cloudSIM hub operators are given below:

    
    
        One contract with Roamware to cover inbound roaming traffic globally from Roamware customers globally.
        Operational convenience of standard roaming operations usage transfer using tap files. All other operational items would be same as signing up a roaming partner.
        No risk of traffic being steered by roaming partners.
    
    


It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, that the present invention can also be applied to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)/American National Standards Institute #41D (ANSI-41D), and various other technologies such as, but not limited to, VoIP, WiFi, 3GSM and inter-standard roaming. In one exemplary case, a CDMA outbound roamer travels with an HPMN CDMA handset. In another exemplary case, the CDMA outbound roamer travels with an HPMN GSM SIM and a GSM handset. In yet another exemplary case, GSM outbound roamer travels with an HPMN CDMA RUIM and a CDMA handset. To support these variations, system 100 will have a separate SS7 and network interfaces, corresponding to both the HPMN and VPMN networks. It will also be apparent to a person skilled in the art that these two interfaces in different directions may not have to be the same technologies. Moreover, there could be multiple types of interface in both directions.
An exemplary list of the mapping between GSM MAP and ANSI-41D is described in the table below as a reference.














GSM MAP
ANSI-41D









Location Update/ISD
REGNOT



Cancel Location
REGCAN



RegisterSS
FEATUREREQUEST



InterrogateSS
FEATUREREQUEST



SRI-SM
SMSREQ



SRI
LOCATION REQUEST



ForwardSMS
SMSDPP



ReadyForSMS
SMSNOTIFICATION



AlertServiceCenter
SMSNOTIFICATION



ReportSMSDelivery
SMDPP



ProvideRoamingNumber
ROUTING REQUEST










The present invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, software, including but not limited to, firmware, resident software, and microcode, implements the invention.
Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer program product, accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing program code for use by, or in connection with, a computer or any instruction execution system. For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk-read only memory (CDROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and Digital Versatile Disk (DVD).
The components of present system described above include any combination of computing components and devices operating together. The components of the present system can also be components or subsystems within a larger computer system or network. The present system components can also be coupled with any number of other components (not shown), such as other buses, controllers, memory devices, and data input/output devices, in any number of combinations. In addition, any number or combination of other processor-based components may be carrying out the functions of the present system.
It should be noted that the various components disclosed herein may be described using computer aided design tools and/or expressed (or represented), as data and/or instructions embodied in various computer-readable media, in terms of their behavioral, register transfer, logic component, transistor, layout geometries, and/or other characteristics. Computer-readable media in which such formatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are not limited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may be used to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions through wireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but may not be limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “hereunder,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the word “or” is used in reference to a list of two or more items, it covers all of the following interpretations: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the items in the list.
The above description of illustrated embodiments of the present system is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present system to the precise form disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the present system are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the present system, as those skilled in the art will recognize. The teachings of the present system provided herein can be applied to other processing systems and methods. They may not be limited to the systems and methods described above.
The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made in light of the above detailed description.
Other Variations
Provided above for the edification of those of ordinary skill in the art, and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention, are detailed illustrations of a scheme for proactive roaming tests, discoveries of roaming partner services and discoveries of frauds in roaming using simulated roaming traffic. Numerous variations and modifications within the spirit of the present invention will of course occur to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the embodiments that have been disclosed. For example, the present invention is implemented primarily from the point of view of GSM mobile networks as described in the embodiments. However, the present invention may also be effectively implemented on GPRS, 3G, CDMA, WCDMA, WiMax etc., or any other network of common carrier telecommunications in which end users are normally configured to operate within a “home” network to which they normally subscribe, but have the capability of also operating on other neighboring networks, which may even be across international borders.
The examples under the system of present invention detailed in the illustrative examples contained herein are described using terms and constructs drawn largely from GSM mobile telephony infrastructure. However, use of these examples should not be interpreted as limiting the invention to those media. The system and method can be of use and provided through any type of telecommunications medium, including without limitation: (i) any mobile telephony network including without limitation GSM, 3GSM, 3G, CDMA, WCDMA or GPRS, satellite phones or other mobile telephone networks or systems; (ii) any so-called WiFi apparatus normally used in a home or subscribed network, but also configured for use on a visited or non-home or non-accustomed network, including apparatus not dedicated to telecommunications such as personal computers, Palm-type or Windows Mobile devices; (iii) an entertainment console platform such as Sony Playstation, PSP or other apparatus that are capable of sending and receiving telecommunications over home or non-home networks, or even (iv) fixed-line devices made for receiving communications, but capable of deployment in numerous locations while preserving a persistent subscriber id such as the eye2eye devices from Dlink; or telecommunications equipment meant for voice over IP communications such as those provided by Vonage or Packet8.
In describing certain embodiments of the system under the present invention, this specification follows the path of a telecommunications call, from a calling party to a called party. For the avoidance of doubt, such a call can be a normal voice call, in which the subscriber telecommunications equipment is also capable of visual, audiovisual or motion-picture display. Alternatively, those devices or calls can be for text, video, pictures or other communicated data.
In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and the figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur, or to become more pronounced, are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all of the claims.
TECHNICAL REFERENCES
GSM 902 on MAP specification
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+)
Mobile Application Part (MAP) Specification
(3GPP TS 09.02 version 7.9.0 Release 1998)
GSM 340 on SMS
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+)
Technical realization of the Short Message Service (SMS)
(GSM 03.40 version 7.4.0 Release 1998)
GSM 378 on CAMEL,
GSM 978 on CAMEL Application Protocol,
GSM 379 on CAMEL Support of Optimal Routing (SOR),
GSM 318 on CAMEL Basic Call Handling
ITU-T Recommendation Q.1214 (1995), Distributed functional plane for intelligent network CS-1,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.1218 (1995), Interface Recommendation for intelligent network CS-1,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.762 (1999), Signaling system No. 7—ISDN user part general functions of messages and signals,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.763 (1999), Signaling system No. 7—ISDN user part formats and codes,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.764 (1999), Signaling system No. 7—ISDN user part signaling procedures,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.765 (1998), Signaling system No. 7—Application transport mechanism,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.766 (1993), Performance objectives in the integrated services digital network application,
ITU-T Recommendation Q.769.1 (1999), Signaling system No. 7—ISDN user part enhancements for the support of Number Portability
APPENDIX











Acronym
Description







3G
Third generation of mobile


ACM
ISUP Address Completion Message


ANM
ISUP Answer Message


ANSI-41
American National Standards Institute #41


ATI
Any Time Interrogation


BCSM
Basic Call State Model


BSC
Base Station Controller


BOIC
Barring Outgoing International Calls


BOIC-EX-Home
Barring Outgoing International Calls except to home



country


CAMEL
Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic


CAP
Camel Application Part


CB
Call Barring


CC
Country Code


CDMA
Code Division Multiplexed Access


CdPA
Called Party Address


CDR
Call Detail Record


CF
Call Forwarding


CgPA
Calling Party Address


CIC
Circuit Identification Code


CLI
Calling Line Identification


CSD
Circuit Switched Data


CSI
Camel Subscription Information


DPC
Destination Point Code


DSD
Delete Subscriber Data


DTMF
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency


ERB
CAP Event Report Basic call state model


EU
European Union


FPMN
Friendly Public Mobile Network


FTN
Forward-To-Number


GLR
Gateway Location Register


GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node


GMSC
Gateway MSC


GMSC-F
GMSC in FPMN


GMSC-H
GMSC in HPMN


GPRS
General Packet Radio System


GSM
Global System for Mobile


GSMA
GSM Association


GSM SSF
GSM Service Switching Function


GsmSCF
GSM Service Control Function


GT
Global Title


GTP
GPRS Tunnel Protocol


HLR
Home Location Register


HPMN
Home Public Mobile Network


IN
Intelligent Network


IOT
Inter-Operator Tariff


GTT
Global Title Translation


IAM
Initial Address Message


IDP
Initial DP IN/CAP message


IDD
International Direct Dial


IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identity


IMSI-H
HPMN IMSI


IN
Intelligent Network


INAP
Intelligent Network Application Part


INE
Interrogating Network Entity


IP
Internet Protocol


IREG
International Roaming Expert Group


IRS
International Revenue Share


ISC
International Service Carrier


ISD
MAP Insert Subscriber Data


ISG
International Signal Gateway


IST
Immediate Service Termination


ISTP
International STP


ISTP-F
ISTP connected to FPMN STP


ISTP-H
ISTP connected to HPMN STP


ISUP
ISDN User Part


ITPT
Inbound Test Profile Initiation


ITR
Inbound Traffic Redirection


IVR
Interactive Voice Response


LU
Location Update


LUP
MAP Location Update


MAP
Mobile Application Part


MCC
Mobile Country Code


MCC
Mobile Country Code


MD
Missing Data


ME
Mobile Equipment


MGT
Mobile Global Title


MMS
Multimedia Message Service


MMSC
Multimedia Message Service Center


MMSC-F
FPMN MMSC


MMSC-H
HPMN MMSC


MNC
Mobile Network Code


MNP
Mobile Number Portability


MO
Mobile Originated


MOS
Mean Opinion Score


MS
Mobile Station


MSC
Mobile Switching Center


MSISDN
Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory



Number


MSISDN-F
FPMN MSISDN


MSISDN-H
HPMN MSISDN


MSRN
Mobile Station Roaming Number


MSRN-F
FPMN MSRN


MSRN-H
HPMN MSRN


MT
Mobile Terminated


MTP
Message Transfer Part


NDC
National Dialing Code


NP
Numbering Plan


NPI
Numbering Plan Indicator


NRTRDE
Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange


O-CSI
Originating CAMEL Subscription Information


OCN
Original Called Number


ODB
Operator Determined Barring


OPC
Origination Point Code


OR
Optimal Routing


ORLCF
Optimal Routing for Late Call Forwarding


OTA
Over The Air


OTPI
Outbound Test Profile Initiation


PDP
Protocol Data Packet


PDN
Packet Data Network


PDU
Packet Data Unit


PRN
MAP Provide Roaming Number


PSI
MAP Provide Subscriber Information


QoS
Quality of Service


RAEX
Roaming Agreement EXchange


RI
Routing Indicator


RIS
Roaming Intelligence System


RDN
Redirecting Number


RNA
Roaming Not Allowed


RR
Roaming Restricted due to unsupported feature


RRB
CAP Request Report Basic call state model


RSD
Restore Data


RTP
Real-Time Transport Protocol


SAI
Send Authentication Info


SC
Short Code


SCA
Smart Call Assistant


SCCP
Signal Connection Control part


SCP
Signaling Control Point


SF
System Failure


SG
Signaling Gateway


SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node


SGSN-F
FPMN SGSN


SIM
Subscriber Identity Module


SIGTRAN
Signaling Transport Protocol


SME
Short Message Entity


SM-RP-UI
Short Message Relay Protocol User Information


SMS
Short Message Service


SMSC
Short Message Service Center


SMSC-F
FPMN SMSC


SMSC-H
HPMN SMSC


SoR
Steering of Roaming


SPC
Signal Point Code


SRI
MAP Send Routing Information


SRI-SM
MAP Send Routing Information For Short Message


SS
Supplementary Services


SS7
Signaling System #7


SSN
Sub System Number


SSP
Service Switch Point


STK
SIM Tool Kit Application


STP
Signal Transfer Point


STP-F
FPMN STP


STP-H
HPMN STP


TADIG
Transferred Account Data Interchange Group


TAP
Transferred Account Procedure


TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part


VT-CSI
Visited Terminating CAMEL Service Information


TP
SMS Transport Protocol


TR
Traffic Redirection


TS
Traffic Steering


TE
Termination Ecosystem


TT
Translation Type


UD
User Data


UDH
User Data Header


UDHI
User Data Header Indicator


USSD
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data


VAS
Value Added Service


VIP
Very Important Person


VLR
Visited Location Register


VLR-F
FPMN VLR


VLR-H
HPMN VLR


VLR-V
VPMN VLR


VMSC
Visited Mobile Switching Center


VoIP
Voice over IP


VPMN
Visited Public Mobile Network


ATI
Access Transport Information


UDV
Unexpected Data Value


USI
User Service Information


WAP
Wireless Access Protocol

## Claims

1. A method for mobile communication, the method comprising:
registering a client network to a cloudSIM service at a hub operator, the cloudSIM service having a plurality of roaming International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSIs);
provisioning on a subscriber device of the client network a set of the plurality of roaming IMSIs selected by the client network;
detecting, by the subscriber device, registration of the subscriber device to a visitor network and switching, by the subscriber device, from a client network IMSI on the subscriber device to one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs depending on a location of the visitor network;
converting, by the hub operator, signaling on the selected one IMSI to signaling on the client network IMSI; and
relaying, by the hub operator, the converted signaling from the visitor network to the client network.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting, by the hub operator, one or more signaling parameters of the signaling associated with the selected one IMSI to one or more signaling parameters of the signaling associated with the client network IMSI.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more signaling parameters comprises at least one of Mobile Application Part (MAP) signaling, call signaling, subscriber's Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN), Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)/Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)/Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) transaction, data sessions and data traffic.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hub operator is one of a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO), mobile network operator (MNO), having its own set of IMSIs.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hub operator is located either on an on-net hub operator or on an off-net hub operator.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs is based on at least one of a roaming location of the subscriber device, a class of the subscriber device and a predefined logic.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs comprises changing via a configuration file.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the configuration file can be changed by Over the Air (OTA).

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising changing the IMSI of the subscriber device is changed to a default IMSI via a configuration file.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the default IMSI is selected from a sequence of IMSIs in preference order or random order, until one IMSI is successfully registered with the visited network.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs is switched by a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), SIM Tool Kit (STK), application that communicates with network application via one of Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS) and other bearer.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the subscriber device is billed based on rates from the hub operator.

13. A system for mobile communication, the system comprising:
a CloudSIM hub ecosystem associated with a plurality of hub operators and client networks, wherein a client network registers to a cloudSIM service at a hub operator, the cloudSIM service having a plurality of roaming International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSIs);
the client network providing on a subscriber device of the client network a set of the plurality of roaming IMSIs selected by the client network;
the subscriber device detecting registration to a visitor network and switching from a client network IMSI on the subscriber device to one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs depending on a location of the visitor network;
the hub operator converting signaling on the selected one IMSI to signaling on the client network IMSI; and
the hub operator relaying the converted signaling from the visitor network to the client network.

14. The system of claim 13, hub operator, one or more signaling parameters of the signaling associated with the selected one IMSI to one or more signaling parameters of the signaling associated with the client network IMSI.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more signaling parameters comprises at least one of Mobile Application Part (MAP) signaling, call signaling, subscriber's Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN), Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)/Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)/Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) transaction, data sessions and data traffic.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the hub operator is one of a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO), mobile network operator (MNO), having its own set of IMSIs.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the hub operator is located either on an on-net hub operator or on an off-net hub operator.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the subscriber device switches to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs is based on at least one of a roaming location of the subscriber device, a class of the subscriber device and a predefined logic.

19. The system of claim 13, wherein the subscriber device switches to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs comprises changing via a configuration file.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the configuration file can be changed by Over the Air (OTA).

21. The system of claim 13, the IMSI of the subscriber device is changed to a default IMSI via a configuration file.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the default IMSI is selected from a sequence of IMSIs in preference order or random order, until one IMSI is successfully registered with the visited network.

23. The system of claim 13, wherein the subscriber device switches to the one IMSI selected from the set of roaming IMSIs is switched by a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), SIM Tool Kit (STK), application that communicates with network application via one of Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS) and other bearer.

24. The system of claim 13, wherein the subscriber vice is billed based on rates from the hub operator.