E-4.i

APPENDIX E-4 LCC AND PAYBACK FROM ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PRICE

SCENARIOS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

E-4.1 DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.1

TABLES

Table E-4.1 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.2

Table E-4.2 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.2

Table E-4.3 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters:

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.3

Table E-4.4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.4

Table E-4.5 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.4

Table E-4.6 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.5

Table E-4.7 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . E-4.6

Table E-4.8 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.6

Table E-4.9 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.7

Table E-4.10 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.8

Table E-4.11 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.8

Table E-4.12 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.9

Table E-4.13 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.10

Table E-4.14 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.10

Table E-4.15 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.11

Table E-4.16 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . . E-4.12

Table E-4.17 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.12

Table E-4.18 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: GRI2000 . . . . . . . . E-4.13

Table E-4.19 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for LPG Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.14

Table E-4.20 Operating Costs for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 High Growth Case . E-4.14

Table E-4.21 Energy Consumption for LPG Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.15
E-4.ii

Table E-4.22 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for LPG Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.16

Table E-4.23 Operating Costs for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . E-4.16

Table E-4.24 Energy Consumption for LPG Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.17

Table E-4.28 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.18

Table E-4.29 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.18

Table E-4.30 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 High Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.19

Table E-4.31 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.20

Table E-4.32 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.20

Table E-4.33 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 Low Growth Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.21

Table E-4.34 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98 . . . . . . E-4.22

Table E-4.35 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.22

Table E-4.36 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98 . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.23
a

We did not update the oil-fired analysis when the RECS 1997 data became available because only a small

number of households use oil-fired water heaters. Therefore, the scenarios for oil-fired water heaters presented here

reflect AE099 and GRI98 price forecasts.

b GRI did not project future energy prices for LPG, therefore no GRI2000 scenarios for LPGare presented

here.

E-4.1

APPENDIX E-4 LCC AND PAYBACK FROM ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PRICE

SCENARIOS

E-4.1 DESCRIPTION

In order to account for future uncertainties, we applied three alternative scenarios of projected

energy prices (trends by national average) to each household’s average and marginal energy prices.

These alternative scenarios are: 

1. High economic growth (from Annual Energy Outlook 2000).[U.S. Department of

Energy - Energy Information Administration, 1999 #874]

2. Low economic growth (from Annual Energy Outlook 2000)

3. Gas Research Institute’s 2000 projection [Gas Research Institute, 2000 #875]

The summary tables below present the simulation results for the three alternative scenarios.

They show the impacts of the different future energy projections on the life-cycle cost and payback,

operating cost, and energy savings. The tables are grouped by fuel type (electric first, natural gas

next, then LPG, and oil-fired lasta), and within that, by scenario, AEO2000 High Growth, AEO2000

Low Growth, and GRI2000, respectively.b
E-4.2

Table E-4.1 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: 

AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 92 32 1.74

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 90 38 2.77

3 2" Insulation 70 36 6.24

4 2.5" Insulation 61 28 7.13

5 Plastic Tank 39 -16 10.63

6 3" Insulation 28 -76 13.80

Table E-4.2 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 263 –

1 Heat Traps 259 4.12

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 257 5.57

3 2" Insulation 253 10.14

4 2.5" Insulation 249 13.46

5 Plastic Tank 249 14.10

6 3" Insulation 247 16.22
E-4.3

Table E-4.3 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters:

AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average Electricity Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 3455 –

1 Heat Traps 3398 540

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 3377 730

3 2" Insulation 3313 1330

4 2.5" Insulation 3266 1767

5 Plastic Tank 3258 1850

6 3" Insulation 3228 2129
E-4.4

Table E-4.4 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 92 30 1.85

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 88 34 2.96

3 2" Insulation 66 28 6.67

4 2.5" Insulation 57 19 7.63

5 Plastic Tank 36 -25 11.30

6 3" Insulation 25 -87 14.86

Table E-4.5 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 256 – 

1 Heat Traps 252 3.96

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 250 5.32

3 2" Insulation 246 9.63

4 2.5" Insulation 243 12.94

5 Plastic Tank 242 13.59

6 3" Insulation 240 15.57
E-4.5

Table E-4.6 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average Electricity Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 3501 – 

1 Heat Traps 3443 541

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 3423 728

3 2" Insulation 3360 1320

4 2.5" Insulation 3311 1772

5 Plastic Tank 3301 1865

6 3" Insulation 3273 2134
E-4.6

Table E-4.7 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 92 32 1.70

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 90 37 2.76

3 2" Insulation 69 34 6.14

4 2.5" Insulation 60 26 6.99

5 Plastic Tank 39 -17 10.33

6 3" Insulation 27 -79 13.60

Table E-4.8 Operating Costs for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 270 –

1 Heat Traps 266 4.22

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 264 5.69

3 2" Insulation 260 10.33

4 2.5" Insulation 256 13.77

5 Plastic Tank 256 14.39

6 3" Insulation 253 16.51
E-4.7

Table E-4.9 Energy Consumption for Electric Water Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Average Electricity Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 3467 –

1 Heat Traps 3409 540

2 Tank Bottom Insulation 3389 728

3 2" Insulation 3325 1326

4 2.5" Insulation 3278 1763

5 Plastic Tank 3270 1845

6 3" Insulation 3241 2115
E-4.8

Table E-4.10 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: 

 AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 96 16 1.30

2 78% RE 76 7 3.29

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 79 34 3.48

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 66 16 4.96

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 83 -10 2.80

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 72 -29 4.08

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 50 -89 6.71

8 Side Arm 20 -233 11.74

Table E-4.11 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 165 –

1 Heat Traps 163 2.90

2 78% RE 160 5.38

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 152 13.14

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 151 14.64

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 149 16.26

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 148 17.79

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 147 18.76

8 Side Arm 130 35.12
E-4.9

Table E-4.12 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 23.4 0.0 –

1 Heat Traps 23.0 0.0 1320

2 78% RE 22.5 0.0 2455

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 21.2 0.0 5996

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 21.0 0.0 6683

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 20.7 0.0 7422

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 20.5 0.0 8114

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 20.3 0.0 8565

8 Side Arm 16.9 21.8 17817
E-4.10

Table E-4.13 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 95 15 1.37

2 78% RE 74 4 3.47

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 77 28 3.67

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 62 8 5.23

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 81 -19 2.95

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 70 -38 4.30

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 47 -99 7.07

8 Side Arm 17 -252 12.40

Table E-4.14 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 157 –

1 Heat Traps 154 2.75

2 78% RE 152 5.10

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 145 12.47

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 143 13.89

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 142 15.43

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 140 16.87

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 139 17.80

8 Side Arm 124 33.16
E-4.11

Table E-4.15 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: 

 AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 23.4 0.0 –

1 Heat Traps 23.0 0.0 1320

2 78% RE 22.5 0.0 2455

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 21.2 0.0 5996

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 21.0 0.0 6683

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 20.7 0.0 7422

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 20.5 0.0 8114

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 20.3 0.0 8565

8 Side-Arm 16.9 21.8 17817
E-4.12

Table E-4.16 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Natural Gas Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 95 13 1.43

2 78% RE 71 1 3.64

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 74 21 3.84

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 58 0 5.47

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 80 -27 3.09

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 66 -47 4.50

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 43 -109 7.41

8 Side Arm 13 -275 13.11

Table E-4.17 Operating Costs for Natural Gas Water Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 150 –

1 Heat Traps 147 2.63

2 78% RE 145 4.87

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 138 11.91

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 137 13.26

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 135 14.73

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 134 16.12

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 133 17.00

8 Side Arm 119 31.36
E-4.13

Table E-4.18 Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Water Heaters: GRI2000

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 23.4 0.0 –

1 Heat Traps 23.0 0.0 1320

2 78% RE 22.5 0.0 2455

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 21.2 0.0 5996

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 21.0 0.0 6683

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 20.7 0.0 7422

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 20.5 0.0 8114

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 20.3 0.0 8565

8 Side Arm 16.9 21.8 17817
E-4.14

E-4.1 DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4.1

Table E-4.19 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 High

Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 98 34 1.02

2 78% RE 83 33 2.68

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 89 99 2.79

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 79 80 3.92

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 89 65 2.26

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 83 45 3.26

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 62 -23 5.08

8 Side Arm 37 -115 8.26

Table E-4.20 Operating Costs for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 259 –

1 Heat Traps 253 5.64

2 78% RE 249 10.01

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 234 24.81

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 231 27.77

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 228 30.76

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 225 33.68

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 224 35.44

8 Side Arm 188 71.18
E-4.15

Table E-4.21 Energy Consumption for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 High Growth Case

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 22.8 0.0 –

1 Heat Traps 22.3 0.0 1371

2 78% RE 21.9 0.0 2412

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 20.6 0.0 6005

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 20.4 0.0 6722

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 20.1 0.0 7429

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 19.9 0.0 8141

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 19.7 0.0 8570

8 Side Arm 16.2 21.3 18055
E-4.16

Table E-4.22 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 Low

Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 98 33 1.04

2 78% RE 83 31 2.73

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 89 94 2.85

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 78 75 4.00

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 88 59 2.30

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 82 39 3.32

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 61 -30 5.19

8 Side Arm 36 -129 8.42

Table E-4.23 Operating Costs for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

0 2003 Baseline 254 –

1 Heat Traps 248 5.53

2 78% RE 244 9.81

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 230 24.33

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 227 27.23

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 224 30.16

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 221 33.02

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 219 34.74

8 Side Arm 184 69.77
E-4.17

Table E-4.24 Energy Consumption for LPG Water Heaters: AEO2000 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 22.8 0.0 –

1 Heat Traps 22.3 0.0 1371

2 78% RE 21.9 0.0 2412

3 78% RE, 2" Insulation 20.6 0.0 6005

4 78% RE, 2.5" Insulation 20.4 0.0 6722

5 80% RE, 2" Insulation 20.1 0.0 7429

6 80% RE, 2.5" Insulation 19.9 0.0 8141

7 80% RE, 3" Insulation 19.7 0.0 8570

8 Side-Arm 16.2 21.3 18055
E-4.18

Table E-4.28 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

AEO99 High Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 26 >16 8.11

2 2" Insulation 7 >45 12.30

3 2.5" Insulation 3 >72 14.10

4 3" Insulation 1 >103 16.40

5 78% RE 0 >209 19.80

6 Interrupted Ignition 1 >241 19.20

7 Increased HX Area 0 >457 24.2

Table E-4.29 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

 AEO99 High Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

1 2003 Baseline 250 –

2 Heat Traps 248 2.21

3 2" Insulation 242 8.18

4 2.5" Insulation 241 9.52

5 3" Insulation 240 10.42

6 78% RE 234 16.22

7 Interrupted Ignition 230 20.39

8 Increased HX Area 223 27.55
E-4.19

Table E-4.30 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

 AEO99 High Growth Case 

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 25.4 75.0 –

1 Heat Traps 25.1 74.0 920

34 2" Insulation 24.2 71.4 3411

3 2.5" Insulation 24.0 70.8 3971

4 3" Insulation 23.9 70.4 4346

5 78% RE 23.0 67.8 6773

6 Interrupted Ignition 23.0 25.5 7169

7 Increased HX Area 21.9 24.4 10230
E-4.20

Table E-4.31 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

 AEO99 Low Growth Case

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 25 >16 8.24

2 2" Insulation 7 >46 12.50

3 2.5" Insulation 3 >73 14.40

4 3" Insulation 1 >104 16.70

5 78% RE 0 >210 20.10

6 Interrupted Ignition 0 >244 19.60

7 Increased HX Area 0 >461 24.7

Table E-4.32 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

 AEO99 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

1 2003 Baseline 247 –

2 Heat Traps 245 2.17

3 2" Insulation 239 8.05

4 2.5" Insulation 238 9.37

5 3" Insulation 237 10.25

6 78% RE 232 15.96

7 Interrupted Ignition 228 19.91

8 Increased HX Area 221 26.96
E-4.21

Table E-4.33 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: 

 AEO99 Low Growth Case

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 25.4 75.0 –

1 Heat Traps 25.1 74.0 920

2 2" Insulation 24.2 71.4 3411

3 2.5" Insulation 24.0 70.8 3971

4 3" Insulation 23.9 70.4 4346

5 78% RE 23.0 67.8 6773

6 Interrupted Ignition 23.0 25.5 7169

7 Increased HX Area 21.9 24.4 10230
E-4.22

Table E-4.34 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98

Design Option Fraction of Population

Benefitting

(%)

Average 

LCC Savings

($)

Median

Payback

(yrs)

1 Heat Traps 20 >18 10.1

2 2" Insulation 3 >54 15.3

3 2.5" Insulation 1 >82 17.7

4 3" Insulation 0 >114 20.6

5 78% RE 0 >226 24.7

6 Interrupted Ignition 0 >259 22.8

7 Increased HX Area 0 >482 29.3

Table E-4.35 Operating Costs for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98

Design Option Average 

Annual Operating Cost

($)

Average 

Savings from Baseline

($)

1 2003 Baseline 217 –

2 Heat Traps 215 1.77

3 2" Insulation 210 6.54

4 2.5" Insulation 209 7.62

5 3" Insulation 208 8.33

6 78% RE 204 12.98

7 Interrupted Ignition 199 17.17

8 Increased HX Area 194 22.85
E-4.23

Table E-4.36 Energy Consumption for Oil-Fired Water Heaters: GRI98

Design Option Average Energy Use Average

Energy

Savings 

( Btu/day) (MMBtu/yr) (kWh/yr)

0 2003 Baseline 25.4 75.0 –

1 Heat Traps 25.1 74.0 920

2 2" Insulation 24.2 71.4 3411

3 2.5" Insulation 24.0 70.8 3971

4 3" Insulation 23.9 70.4 4346

5 78% RE 23.0 67.8 6773

6 Interrupted Ignition 23.0 25.5 7169

7 Increased HX Area 21.9 24.4 10230
E-4.24

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Energy-Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook

1999 with Projections to 2020, December, 1998. Washington, DC. Report No.

DOE/EIA-0383(99). <http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/AEO2000/homepage.html>

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