[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 23 (Wednesday, February 4, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 6132-6135]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-02182]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

National Park Service

[NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-17403: PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000]


Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: California State 
University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA

AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: California State University, Sacramento, in consultation with 
the appropriate Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, has 
determined that the cultural items listed in this notice meet the 
definition of unassociated funerary objects. Lineal descendants or 
representatives of any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not 
identified in this notice that wish to claim these cultural items 
should submit a written request to California State University, 
Sacramento. If no additional claimants come forward, transfer of 
control of the cultural items to the lineal descendants, Indian tribes, 
or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed.

DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or 
Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to 
claim these cultural items should submit a written request with 
information in support of the claim to California State University, 
Sacramento at the address in this notice by March 6, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of the College of Social Sciences and 
Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819-
6109, telephone (916) 278-4864, email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bcd3deded3d8caddcecfcfd3d2fcdfcfc9cf92d9d8c9"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="fe919c9c919a889f8c8d8d9190be9d8d8b8dd09b9a8b">[email protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the 
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 
U.S.C. 3005, of the intent to repatriate cultural

[[Page 6133]]

items under the control of California State University, Sacramento that 
meet the definition of unassociated funerary objects under 25 U.S.C. 
3001.
    This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's 
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The 
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the 
museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native 
American cultural items. The National Park Service is not responsible 
for the determinations in this notice.

History and Description of the Cultural Items

    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 20 unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-SAC-006 (also known as Johnson Mound), 
located approximately 1.3 miles west of the Cosumnes River and 5.5 
miles northeast of the intersection of the Mokelumne and Cosumnes 
Rivers in southern Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated funerary 
objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector, 
who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of 
Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now California State 
University, Sacramento). The 20 unassociated funerary objects are two 
lots of charred basketry, one lot of charred seeds, and 17 lots of 
baked clay.
    Archeological data suggests occupation occurred at the site as 
early as the Middle Horizon with historic occupation occurring until 
the Sutter Period. Ethnographic and historic data suggests that this 
site was once the tribelet center for the Consomne Plains Miwok. 
Historic records indicate that the site was attacked by the Spanish in 
1820 with conflicts occurring with the Mexicans in 1826. Ethnohistoric 
records indicate that the Consomne eventually banded together in 
defense with other Plains Miwok groups, such as the Ylamne and Sisumne, 
who collectively led a series of uprisings against pioneer John Sutter 
in the 1840s. Eventually the Consomne abandoned the village site at CA-
SAC-006 in 1844 to relocate to Sutter's New Helvetia (Sutter's Fort).
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 10 unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-SAC-021 (also known as Hollister, 
Allister, or S-29), located immediately adjacent to Snodgrass Slough, 
approximately 1.3 miles southeast of the intersection of Snodgrass 
Slough and the Sacramento River, in southwest Sacramento County, CA. 
The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony 
Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 
1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA 
(now California State University, Sacramento). The 10 unassociated 
funerary objects are four stone drills, one bone awl, three Haliotis 
shell ornaments, and two bone harpoons.
    Archeological evidence suggests occupation at the site occurred 
during the Middle Horizon through Phase 1 of the Late Horizon. The site 
location places CA-SAC-021 in the aboriginal territory of the Plains 
Miwok.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, one unassociated funerary 
object was removed from CA-SAC-056 (also known as Mosher, Mosler, 
Hathaway No. 1, and S-56), located on the east bank of the Sacramento 
River near Stone Lake, approximately thirteen miles south of the 
confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers, in southwest 
Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated funerary objects were in the 
possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously 
donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of Anthropology at 
Sacramento State College, CA (now California State University, 
Sacramento). The one unassociated funerary object is a small charred 
Olivella bead.
    Archeological evidence suggests occupation at the village occurred 
as early as Phase 1 of the Late Horizon. Archeological and ethnographic 
records indicate that the site may be Walak, a tribelet center for the 
Gualacomne Plains Miwok. The site was occupied historically between the 
Mission Period and early Sutter Period from 1769-1845. Mission records 
indicate that 67 individuals were baptized from this site, and 
historical records note Walak as the first Native American village 
visited by pioneer John Sutter.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, two unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-SAC-066 (also known as Morse Mound). The 
two unassociated funerary objects may represent bone hair pins or 
pendants. The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of 
Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his 
collection in 1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento 
State College, CA (now California State University, Sacramento). CA-
SAC-066 is located within the aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 51 unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-SAC-072 or CA-SAC-073 (also known as 
Herzog, Van Lobensels, or Vorden), located on the west bank of 
Snodgrass Slough in southwest Sacramento County, CA. The unassociated 
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private 
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the 
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now 
California State University, Sacramento). The 51 unassociated funerary 
objects are seven Haliotis shell ornaments, five charmstones, 17 
whistles, six awls, two bone tubes, one modified antler, four modified 
bones, four possible bird bone whistle fragments, one biface, one 
pestle, and three lots of Olivella shell beads.
    Archeological data suggests occupation occurring at CA-SAC-072 
during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon, and occupation at CA-SAC-73 
occurring sometime during the Middle Horizon. The site locations place 
CA-SAC-072 and CA-SAC-73 within the aboriginal territory of the Plains 
Miwok Indians.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, four unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-SAC-109 (also known as Drescher, C-109), 
located 3.5 miles southeast of Elk Grove in central Sacramento County, 
CA. The unassociated funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony 
Zallio, a private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 
1951 to the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA 
(now California State University, Sacramento). The four unassociated 
funerary objects are slate projectile points.
    Archeological evidence indicates that occupation occurred at the 
site from the Middle to Late Horizon. The site location places CA-SAC-
109 within the aboriginal territory of the Plains Miwok Indians.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, one unassociated funerary 
object was removed from CA-SAC-113 (also known as Calhoun #1, 
Calquehoun, or C-113), located on private property on the west bank of 
the Cosumnes River, east of Elk Grove in Sacramento County, CA. The 
unassociated funerary object was in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a 
private collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to 
the Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now 
California State University, Sacramento). The unassociated funerary 
object is one modified bone bead.
    This site may represent Sukididi, a subsidiary settlement for the 
Shalachmushumne Plains Miwok. It is believed that the village was 
abandoned after the 1833 malaria epidemic. A known archeological 
historic

[[Page 6134]]

component is not present at the site, and the association with Sukididi 
has not been verified. Archeological data from the site indicate that 
it was occupied during Phase 2 of the Late Horizon.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 54 unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-YOL-045 (also known as Indian Head or Holy 
Ghost), located on the west bank of the Sacramento River, approximately 
8.75 miles due south of the confluence of the American and Sacramento 
Rivers, in southeast Yolo County, CA. The unassociated funerary objects 
were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private collector, who 
posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the Department of 
Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now California State 
University, Sacramento). The 54 unassociated funerary objects are one 
sandstone abrader, one incised baked clay, one lot of charred textile 
ash, six bone awls, three lots of Olivella shell beads, three lots of 
clamshell beads, three obsidian bifaces, one charmstone, one whole 
clamshell, 11 Haliotis ornaments, one obsidian projectile point, one 
lot of charred seeds, 15 charred textile fragments, three modified bone 
tools, one incised bird bone tube, and two bird bone whistles.
    CA-YOL-045 is located within the aboriginal territory of the Plains 
Miwok. Archeological data indicates occupation occurred during Phase 1 
of the Late Horizon.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, 11 unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-YOL-053 (also known as the Frank King 
Mound), located on private property on the west bank of Elk Slough 2.5 
miles southwest of Clarksburg in Yolo County, CA. The unassociated 
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private 
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the 
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now 
California State University, Sacramento). The 11 unassociated funerary 
objects are one lot of clam shell beads, one biface, one lot of 
miscellaneous organic remains, one lot of small glass fragments, one 
Haliotis shell ornament, and six lots of charred textile fragments.
    Ethnographic evidence indicates that CA-YOL-053 may have been the 
tribelet center for the Ylamne Plains Miwok. Earliest known occupation 
occurred from Phase 2 of the Early Horizon and lasted until the Late 
Mission Period from 1769 to 1839. The site is believed to have been 
abandoned after the 1833 malaria epidemic with survivors shifting 
residence to neighboring tribelets and Mission San Jose.
    Sometime during the 1920s and 1930s, nine unassociated funerary 
objects were removed from CA-YOL-054 (also known as Farren Mound), 
located on the west bank of Elk Slough, approximately five miles 
southwest of Clarksburg, in southeast Yolo County, CA. The unassociated 
funerary objects were in the possession of Anthony Zallio, a private 
collector, who posthumously donated his collection in 1951 to the 
Department of Anthropology at Sacramento State College, CA (now 
California State University, Sacramento). The nine unassociated 
funerary objects are one lot clamshell beads, two lots of Olivella 
shell beads, and six lots of charred textile fragments.
    CA-YOL-54 is believed to be associated with the Plains Miwok 
village of Siusumne. This association is based on CA-YOL-54 being the 
only site in the vicinity of Siusumne lacking a village name and being 
of significant size, which is typical of a tribelet center.
    Archeological evidence indicates that the lower Sacramento Valley 
and Delta regions were continuously occupied since at least the Early 
Horizon (5550-550 B.C.). Cultural changes indicated by artifact 
typologies and burial patterns, historical linguistic evidence, and 
biological evidence reveal that the populations in the region were not 
static, with both in situ cultural changes and migrations of outside 
populations into the area. Linguistic evidence suggests that ancestral-
Penutian speaking groups related to modern day Miwok, Nisenan, and 
Patwin groups occupied the region during the Middle (550 B.C.-A.D. 
1100) and Late (A.D. 1100-Historic) Horizons, with some admixing 
between these groups and Hokan-speaking groups that occupied the region 
at an earlier date. The genetic data suggests that the Penutians may 
have arrived later than suggested by the linguistics.
    Geographical data from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources 
indicate that the site was most likely occupied by Plains Miwok-
speaking groups at the beginning of the historic period, while Patwin-
speakers occupied the valley west of the Sacramento River and Miwok-
speakers resided south of the American River. Ethnographic data and 
expert testimony from Tribes support the high level of interaction 
between groups in the lower Sacramento Valley and Delta regions that 
crosscut linguistic boundaries. Historic population movements resulted 
in an increased level of shifting among populations, especially among 
the Miwok and Nisenan who were impacted by disease and Euro-American 
activities relating to Sutter's Fort and later gold-rush activities.
    In summary, the ethnographic, historical, and geographical evidence 
indicates that the cultural items listed above are most closely 
affiliated with contemporary descendants of the Plains Miwok with more 
distant ties to neighboring groups, such as the Nisenan, Patwin, and 
Yokuts. The earlier cultural items from the Middle and Late Horizons 
share cultural relations with the Plains Miwok, Nisenan, Patwin, and 
Yokuts based on archeological, biological, and historical linguistic 
evidence.

Determinations Made by the California State University, Sacramento

    Officials of California State University, Sacramento have 
determined that:
    <bullet> Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(B), the 163 cultural items 
described above are reasonably believed to have been placed with or 
near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of 
the death rite or ceremony and are believed, by a preponderance of the 
evidence, to have been removed from a specific burial site of a Native 
American individual.
    <bullet> Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of 
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the 
unassociated funerary objects to Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk 
Indians of California; California Valley Miwok Tribe, California; 
Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; Ione Band of 
Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of 
California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs 
Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians 
of the Tuolumne Rancheria of California, Wilton Rancheria, California; 
United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California; 
and two non-Federally recognized Native American groups: El Dorado 
Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado Miwok (if joined to the request 
of one or more of the foregoing Indian tribes).

Additional Requestors and Disposition

    Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian tribe or Native 
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to claim 
these cultural items should submit a written request with information 
in support of the claim to Orn Bodvarsson, Dean of the College of 
Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, CSUS, 6000 J Street, 
Sacramento, CA 95819-6109, telephone

[[Page 6135]]

(916) 278-4864, email <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b6d9d4d4d9d2c0d7c4c5c5d9d8f6d5c5c3c598d3d2c3"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="80efe2e2efe4f6e1f2f3f3efeec0e3f3f5f3aee5e4f5">[email protected]</span></a>, by March 6, 2015. After 
that date, if no additional claimants have come forward, transfer of 
control of the unassociated funerary objects to Buena Vista Rancheria 
of Me-Wuk Indians of California; California Valley Miwok Tribe, 
California; Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; 
Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk 
Indians of California; Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle 
Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk 
Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of California, Wilton Rancheria, 
California; United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of 
California; and two non-Federally recognized Native American groups: El 
Dorado Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-Eldorado Miwok (if joined to the 
request of one or more of the foregoing Indian tribes) may proceed.
    California State University, Sacramento is responsible for 
notifying the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; 
Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of 
the Colusa Rancheria, California; California Valley Miwok Tribe, 
California; Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; 
Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California; Ione Band of 
Miwok Indians of California; Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of 
California; Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California; 
Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California; 
Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria 
(Verona Tract), California; Susanville Indian Rancheria, California, 
Table Mountain Rancheria of California; Tule River Indian Tribe of the 
Tule River Reservation, California; Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of 
the Tuolumne Rancheria of California; United Auburn Indian Community of 
the Auburn Rancheria of California; Wilton Rancheria, California; Wiyot 
Tribe, California (previously listed as the Table Bluff Reservation-
Wiyot Tribe); and Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, California (previously 
listed as the Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California) 
that this notice has been published. California State University, 
Sacramento will also notify El Dorado Miwok Rancheria; and Nashville-
Eldorado Miwok, two non-federally recognized Native American groups.

    Dated: December 29, 2014.
Melanie O'Brien,
Acting Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2015-02182 Filed 2-3-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-50-P


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