#### LEWIS FUTRELL *vs.*CHARLES VANN.

A master of an apprentice cannot assign or transfer his right over the apprentice to another person.

It being unlawful to remove a colored apprentice from one County to another, no action, founded on a contract for such removal, can be supported

The oases of *Sharpe*v. *Farmer,*4 Dev. & Bat. 122, and *Blythe v. Loving-good,*2 Ired. 20, cited and approved.

Appeal from the Superior Court of Law of Hertford County, at the Fall Term, lSéT, his Honor Judge Dick presiding.

The plaintiff lived in the County of Northampton. A colored boy, by the name of Joe Walker, was bound to him for a term of years, by the Court of that County. Before the expiration of the term of service, the plaintiff sold the unexpired residue to the defendant, who lived in the County of Hertford, and where the contract was made. By the contract, it was stipulated, “ if the boy did not serve the whole of the unexpired period, then the defendant should pay for the time the boy did serve, at the rate he was to give for the whole of the time, for which he had contracted.” The defendant had the boy in his possession in Hertford County, where he was carried by the plaintiff. Before the expiration of the time, for which the boy was indentured, he returned to the possession of the plaintiff. The action is brought to recover compensation for the services of the boy, Walker, for the time he was in the actual employment of the defendant. The plaintiff proved, that his account was presented to the defendant, who objected, that he was entitled to a credit for some clothing furnished the boy, *403and be promised, *if the plaintiff would allow him that*ere* *dit, the account would be correct and he would pay it.*The credit was allowed by the plaintiff.

The defendant objected to the plaintiff’s recovery, 1st,-because the contract was a specific one for the whole remaining portion of the term of apprenticeship, and that he had deprived the defendant of the benefit of his con» tract, *by receiving*the boy, before the term expired; 2nd because the consideration, upon which the contract rested, was illegal, as, by the terms of indenture, it was unlawful for the plaintiff to remove the boy out of the County of Northampton, and that, under the contract, the boy’ had lived with, and served him in the County of Hertford, about fourteen months*

His Honor, the presiding Judge, instructed the jury,that if the contract was, that the boy should serve the defen» dant the whole of the unexpired portion of the time, for which'he was bound to the plaintiff, and that contract had not been modified or altered by the parties, the plaintiff could not recover. But if, at the time it was made,- it was agreed that the defendant should only pay for the time the boy served him, at the rate he was to pay for the whole time : or if the contract was subsequently altered, or modified by the parties, so as to make the defendant liable only for the time the boy served him, then the plaintiff would be entitled to recover for the services of the boy for the time he actually served the defendant.

There was a verdict for the plaintiff and from the judgment thereon the defendant appealed.

No counsel for the plaintiff.

*W. N. H. Smith,*for the defendant.-

Nash, J.

We see no just ground of complaint, on the part of the defendant, of the charge. The law, we think, has been properly administered, and we agree entirely’ *404with the presiding Judge. His Honor has not given us the reasons, upon which his decision rests nor could he, indeed, with any propriety, so do, as they properly constitute no part of the case. Our only enquiry is whether there is error in the law, as charged by him. In this ease the charge is precise, lucid, and, unencumbered with extraneous matter.

If the original contract had been, as it is treated by the defendant, *one*for the unqualified transfer to the defendant of the unexpired term of the apprentice, the first objection, raised by the defendant, would unquestionably be sound, and the plaintiff could not recover. The binding out of an apprentice to a particular person is from confidence in the party to whom he is committed, that he. will not only instruct him -in his trade or business, but will also be careful of his health and safety. It is therefore such a personal trust, that the master cannot assign or transfer it to another. 4 *Bac. Abr. Tit.*Master and servant, *Letter E. Page*577. I *Mass. R. 177. Hall and Hall*v. *Gardner and others, Davis*-, 8 Mass. R. 299, Hobarts R. 134, *Coventry*v. *Goodall.*

The second objection, on the part of the defendant, is equally true in principle. By the act of 1801, Rev. St at. ch. 5, sec. 7, when the County Court shall bind out any orphan child of colour, they shall take bond with sufficient security in the sum of five hundred dollars, from the master or mitress, that they shall not remove said child out of the County, &c.” It is therefore illegal for any master or mistress to *remove*such apprentice out of the County, wherein he was indentured; and, such removal being illegal, no action can be founded on a contract for such removal. The cases of *Sharpe*v. *Farmer, 4*Dev. & Bat. 122, and *Blythe*v. *Lovinggood, 2*Ired. 20, cited at the- bar, by the defendant’s counsel, fully sustain his proposition. But, we think, the case before us steers clear of each of those objections. The action is not brought to enforce the contract, originally made.; that was *405illegal and could not sustain an action. But it is brought upon the assumpsit of the defendant, made after the original contract was rescinded, as it appears by mutual or tacit consent, and upon a sufficient legal consideration.

From the terms of the original contract, the parties seem to have been fearful, they were doing what the law would not sanction, and therefore it is provided, that if the boy did not serve out his full term, the defendant should pay only for the time he did serve. A *locus peni-tentice*is therefore provided for the plaintiff. He availed himself of it, and the contract was put an end to. But the defendant, has enjoyed the services of the plaintiff’s servant, and in consideration thereof the defendant agreed to pay him for those services an ascertained sum ; to-wit, the amount of the account presented by the plaintiff. The case of *Sharpe*v. *Farmer,*above cited, was where the action was directly upon the original contract. The next of kin of one-Farmer, agreed that the defendant, without administering, should sell the property and pay the debts and divide the residue among those entitled, the plaintiff being one. The action was brought for his distributive share. The Court declared the contract void, because in violation of a public law. So in the case of *Blythe*v. *Lovinggood. At*a sale of public lands, where the terms were, if the highest bidder did not comply with his bid, the next highest should haye the land, the plaintiff was the highest, and the defendant the next highest bidder. It was agreed between them, that the plaintiff should refuse to comply with his bid, and in consideration thereof, the defendant should give him $120, for the payment of which he executed his note ; and the conveyance of the land being made to the defendant, the action was brought upon the note, and the Court decided that the agreement was a fraud upon the State and the note was void. In each of these cases the action was *406upon the original contract. Here, the original contract was put an end to by the parties themselves, and the action is brought upon one made subsequently, and as we think upon a sufficient consideration.

In his first objection in addition to the ground that the assignment was void, the defendant insists that the plaintiff received the boy back into his care, before the time ■had expired for which he had contracted, and that thereby the plaintiff had deprived him of the benefit of his contract. The answer is, that by the terms of the contract, he was to pay only for the time he had the boy. As before remarked, the parties had provided *locuspeni-teniios.*They contracted in view of the fact that the boy might not serve out his time with the defendant, and the contract was by mutual consent rescinded.

Per Curiam. Judgment affirmed.