____ _


# OAR Box 1770 Prepped by Keeia Richards



## Document

Number: 

# 39.XII-D- 9 Docket Number: 

# A-79-1 5

Printed 10/28/200810:20:29AM Sheet 39of 93

# s 

# - ' q P. 2 

### Docke t No
. A-79-1 5 Ite mNo
. XII-D- 9

,COA i 

# America n Cok e an d Coa l Chemical s Institute 125 5 Twenty-Third Street , N W • Washington , D C 20037-117 4 • (202 ) 452-114 0 • Fax : (202 ) 833-363 6



### Decembe r23 , 199 9 Walte rA

. Palme r IC F Inc

. 930 0 Lee Highwa

y Fairfax , V A 22031-120 7 "Re:reOETF-Comments-onieFs-Preliminary-Draft-_;ist-of-Model-lnput-Values ~ Dea rWalt : O n Tuesday , Novembe r2 Kama l Sing h o f IC F sen t a n e-mai l t o m e settin g fort h th e preliminar

ydraf t list o f mode l inpu t value s bein g considere d a s defaul t o r"generic " input

s fo rth e residua l ris k

assessmen t tha

t IC F i s conductin g fo r EP A o f MAC T Trac k coke ove n batterie s (se e Enclosur e 1))

. Sinc e the n representative s o

f th e coke industr

ygrou p addressin g th e matte r—th e AISI/ACCC I Cok

e Ove n Environmenta l Tas k Force (COET F (se e Enclosure 2) ) —hav e me t o n severa l occasion s t o review/discus s thi s draf t lis t toward s providin g EP

A an d IC F wit h respective comments an d suggestion s i n a n expeditiou s manner . O n on e suc h occasion , yo u an d othe rIC F representative s kindl ymet wit h COET F representative s vi a conferenc e call , whic h w e ver ymuc h appreciated

. Th e COET F has complete d i t revie w o f th e draf t list

. Ou rcomment

s are include d wit h thi s lette r(se e Enclosure 3)

. Pleas e not

e i n you rrevie w o

f ou rcomments o n Tabl e 6 tha t on e documen t t o whic h ou rcomment

s refe r— a Fina l Repor

t o n a COET F projec

t t o compil e facility-specifi c Metho d 2 1 dat a an d strea m material s analysi s dat a fro m fou r cok e by-produc

t plant s —i s no

t include d becaus e th e project i s no t ye t complete

. As note d i n ou rcomments , th e results t o dat e o f thi s project indicat e that benzen e emissio n level s fro m thes e plants ar e more tha n tw o order

s o f magnitud e belo

w thos e estimate d usin g th e draf t AP-4 2 emissio n factors

. Thes e ne w factors , whic h shoul d b e use d fo rcok e by-produc

t plant s t o reflec

t curren t (i.e. , post-NESHAP ) contro l levels , wil l b e include d i n th e Fina l Report

. W e pla n t o submi t th e Fina l Repor t t o yo u upo n its completio n i n Januar y 2000

. Ou rcomment

s als o poin t ou t th e importance o f usin g plant-specifi c values , rathe rtha n defaul t o rgeneri c values , wheneve rpossible

. Toward s that end , w e kno w tha t IC F ha s bee n i n contac

t wit h th e operator

s o f MAC T Trac k

batteries , t o obtai n suc h information

. W e understan d that th e requeste d informatio n eithe r ha s bee n o rsoo n wil l b e forwarde d t o ICF

.P. 3

ENCDDSUR

E 1

Preliminar y Draf

tLis tof Mode l Inpu tValue s
IC FConsulting is conducting screening-level atmospheri c dispersion modelin g to project atmospheri c concentration s an

dsurface deposition rate s o f gaseous , vapo

r phase , an dparticulate ai

r pollutant s emitte d fro mcok e ove n facilities
. Th e mode l first simulate s plum

e ris e using 1 USEP

A guideline Buoyan

t Line Sourc e Mode

l (BLP ) an d secon dsimulate s dispersion an

ddeposition using USEP

A endorsedIndustria

l Sourc e Comple

x (ISCST3 ) model
. IC Fha s conductedaver

y preliminar

y screening ru

n wit h thi s model , usin g hypothetica l o r default dat afro macombination o f

sources , an

dconservativ e assumptions
. The input s usedfo r th e screenin g ru

n an dth e corresponding source s o f

informatio

n ar e listedbelow
.
Tabl e 1 : Mode l Input s Use d fo rth e BL PModeling . Paramete r Buovanc v Flu x - Convectiv e H e Numbe ro f oven s forbatter

y numbe r3 Tota l numbe ro f oven s for plume rise calculation s Heighto f ove n Widt h o f ove n

Lengt h o f ove n Diametero f

ove n offtake s Offtak e height Surfac e tem p o f ove n doo r Surfac e tem p o f ove n to p Surfac e tem p o f offtak e Ambien ttem p Averag e coa

l throughput
Buovanc v Flux - Fugitiv e Emis s Charging PMI O emissio n facto r PMI O pe runitvolum e per opacit y % Percen topacity Exi ttemperatur

e DoorLeaks • PMI O emissio n factor PMI O pe runitvolum e pe r opacit y % Percen topacity Exittemperatur

e Mode l

Inpu t Valu e a tTransfe r

7 6 7 6 13. 1
2. 2

43. 8 2 5 42 5 42 2 42 2 29 3 0.9 0
ion s 0.000 4 3.00E-0 7
6 0 62 6 0.0 2 3.00E-0 7 6 0 62 6 Unit s

ft
ft

ft ft ft K K K . K . to n coal/(hr ovcn )

(l b PMlO/to n coal ) Ib/ft 3 % K (IbPMlO/io n coal ) lb/ft . % K - Sourc e

A KSteel , Middletown , Battery Numbe r3 . A KSteel , Middletow n (Batterie s 1 an d 2 shutdow n o n 12/31/95) . "Cok e Ove n NESHA PTrack Selectio n Table, " ACCCI , Marc h 1998 . Dat afo rA KStee l Middletown . "Site-Specifi c Modelin g Methodolog y fo rAssessin g Ris k Associate d wit h Emission s from Cok e Ove n Facilities, " prepare d b y Science s Internationa l Inc. , 1998 . Dat afo rGenev aSteel . Hencefort h referre d t o a s "Genev aSteel. " Genev aSteel . Genev aSteel . Genev aSteel . Genev aSteel . Genev aSteel . Genev aSteel . Engineerin g judgement . Sectio n 11 4 Cok e Facilitie s Survey . Tabl e 2 : Summar y o f

Batter y Desig n and Operation . 199 7 datafo rA KStee l Middletown .

Draf tAP-4 2 Tabl e 12.2-2 . Assumin g post NESHA Pcontrols . Alleghen y Count y Healt h Departmen t(ACHD) . 1995 . Libert y Boroug h PM-1 0 SI PBuoyanc y Calculations . Hencefort h referre d t o a s "ACHD. " ACHD . Genev aSteel . Draf tAP-4 2 Tabl e 12.2-2 . Assumin g post NESHA Pcontrols . ACHD . ACHD . Genev aSteel .P. 4

Ambien t temperatur e o f

29 3 K, Anemomete r

heigh t o f 10-m , Surfac e pressur e o f

100 0 mb , Rura l dispersio n curves , A nomina l valu e o f

0.1 0 meter s (suburban ) for surfac e roughnes s (_<,) , Frictio n velocity , u.=k u /In (_/_<,) , wher e k i s vo n Karma n constan t

o f 0.4 , N o precipitation , Monin-Obukho v length a s afunctio n o f surfac e roughnes s an dstabilit y clas s a s define db y Golde r (1972) , Stat e o f Vegetatio n - Unstresse dan dActive , Defaul t value s fo

r gase s i n vegetation/land : cuticl e resistance , groun dresistanc e an dreferenc e resistanc e o f

pollutan t t o reactivity throug h leaf

- expresse din term s o f SO2 " cuticl e resistanc e 3 0 s/cm , groun dresistanc e = 1 0 s/cm , pollutan t referenc e reactivit y = 8 , Incomin g solar

radiation : base do n schem e implemente di n MPPJv l (Irwi n e t

al. , 1988 ) - pe r

Tabl e 2 , Lea f Are aInde x - rati o o f

lea f surfac e are adivide db y groun dsurfac e area ; 0. 2 base do n aurba n o r built-u p area Depositio n ove r

lan donly , Pollutant-specifi c parameter s fo r th e tw o primar y gas-phas e pollutant s fro mcok e ove n emissions , benzen e an dnaphthalene , per Tabl e 3 (molecula r

diffusivity fromFletche r e t al. , 1997 ; mesophyl l resistanc e fromEPA , 1993a) , Benzen e Solubl e Organi c (BSO ) emissio n rate s for fugitiv e emissio n point s pe r Tabl e 4
.
Tabl e 2 : Assume dSola r Radiatio n Values
. Stabilit y Clas s
A
B

C

D

E and F Win d Spee d

(m/s ) 2to 3 < 2 3 t o 5 2to 3 < 2 >6 5 t o 6 2 t o 5 > 6 5 t o 6 < 5

. Sola r Radiatio n

(W/m 2 ) 105 0

92 5 92 5 80 0 42 5 105 0 92 5 42 5 42 5 17 5 8 8 0

Tabl e 3 : Pollutant-Specifi c Parameters . Pollutan t Benzen e Naphthalen e Molecula r

Diffusivit y (D m ) 0.091 2 cm 2

/ s 0.059 0 cm 2

/ s Pollutan tReactivit y Paramete r(A ) 1 0 (moderate value ) 1 0 (moderate value ) Mesophyl l Resistanc e Ter m (.„ ) 1 0 (hig h degre e o f

solubility ) 10 0 (insolubl e in water)
Tabl e 4 : Emissio n Rat e Input s Use dfo r th e ISCST 3 Modeling
. Emissio n Poin t Bes t Estimat e o f BS O Emissio n Rat e (lb/hr ) Sourc e

Door s 1.094 3 EP A metho d30 3 observation sP. 5

Emissio n Point Ta r storag e tan

k wit h gas blanketin g Light-oi l condense

r ven t wit h ga s blanketing Light-oil sum

p wit h gas blanketin g BT X storag e wit

h gas blanketin g Benzen e storage wit

h ga s blanketin g Flushing liquo

r circulation tan

k wit h ga s blanketing Excess-ammoni aliquo

r tan k wit h ga s blanketing Wash-oil decante

r wit h ga s blanketin g Wash-oi l circulation tan

k wit h ga s blanketing Benzene (Ib/hr ) 0.0 4 0.1 8 0.0 3 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 BT

X (Ib/hr) 0.0 5

0.2 5 0.0 4 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1P. 6

ENCLOSURE2



## AISI/ACCC I Cok

e Ove n Environmenta l Tas k Forc e Steve Felton , Chairma n Mar k Polin g Jac k Garzell a Charli e Lutha r W ad e Kohlman n " Dannylrewi s Russ Christense n Buste rStewar

t Georg e Bradle y Trac i Self Ric h Zavod a Jac k Heint z Mik e Mehalovic h Nic k Buchk o Bobb yFishe r Ti m Huxley Mar k Kamhol z Bil l Graese r Bil l Sample s A KStee l Corporatio n AB C Cok e Acm e Stee l Compan y Bethlehe m Stee l Corporatio n CitizensGas&Cok e Utility Empire Coke Compan y Genev a Stee l Gul f State s Steel , Inc

. Indian a Harbo rCoke Compan y Kopper s Industries , Inc

. LT V Stee l Compan y Nationa l Stee l Corporatio n New Bosto n Coke Corporatio n Shenang o Inc

. Slos s Industrie s Corporatio n Stelco Inc

. Tonawand a Cok

e Corporatio n US S Clairto n Wheeling-Pittsburg h Stee l Corporatio n

R024H.1/12-17-9 9P. 7

Tabl e 6

. Tabl e 6 provide s th e by-produc t plan t benzen e an d BTX emissio n factor s (expresse d a s Ib/hr) fo rvariou s emissio n sources , includin g storag e tanks , proces s vessels , sumps , an d othe roperation s (e.g. , coolin g towers , ligh t oi l condense rvents , etc.)

. Thes e ar e base d o n draf t AP-4 2 emissio n factors , whic h wer e primaril yderive d fro m emissio n test s conducte d i n th e 1980 s i n suppor t o f EPA' s Cok e By-Produc t RecoveryPlan t NESHAP

. Thes e emissio n factor s ar e base d o n limite d sourc e tes t dat a an d d o no t accoun t fo rplant-specifi c proces s design , plan t operatin g parameter s (e.g. , coa l volatility , cokin g temperature s an d cycles , etc.) , an d plan t maintenanc e activities

. Th e COET F support s th e us e o f alternativ e emissio n models , suc h a s EPA' s TANK S progra m an d AP-4 2 liqui d loadin g equation , whic h incorporat e facility-specifi c informatio n suc h a s tan k

orientatio n an d dimensions , averag e vapo rspac e height , liqui d composition , tan k

temperatur e an d throughput , an d loca l climatologica l dat a int o th e emissio n calculations

. Som e o f th e source s liste d i n Tabl e 6 (mos t notabl yth e direc t wate rcoolin g tower , whic h account s fo rove r7 5 percen t o f th e tota l benzen e emission s liste d i n th e table ) wer e required , unde rth e abov e reference d NESHAP , t o b e take n ou t o f servic e an d ar e n o longe ruse d b yth e industry

. Tabl e 6 faile d t o includ e benzen e emissio n factor s fo requipmen t leak s (e.g

. valves , flanges , pumps , exhausters , etc.)

. Th e COET F support s th e us e o f refine d emissio n estimatio n technique s fo requipmen t leak s i n lie u o f th e draf t AP-4 2 emissio n factors , whic h ar e base d o n pre-198 0 refiner ylea k data

. Th e draf t AP-4 2 factor s wer e derive d fro m limite d tes t dat a fro m largel yuncontrolle d plant s usin g sampling/analysi s protocol s whic h d o no t mee t curren t EP A standards

. Sinc e th e developmen t o f thes e factors , lea k detectio n an d repai rrequirement s (e.g. , EPA' s Cok e By-Produc t Recover yPlan t NESHAP ) an d improve d equipmen t desig n hav e resulte d i n muc h lowe rfugitiv e hydrocarbo n lea k

rate s throughou t th e chemica l proces s industries , includin g th e SOCMI , petroleu m refinery , an d cok e by-produc t recover yindustries

. EP A ha s develope d refine d emissio n estimatio n methodologie s whic h incorporat e periodi c facilit yequipmen t lea k monitorin g (i.e. , Metho d 21 ) data , equipment-specifi c correlatio n equation s relatin g monitore d screenin g concentration s t o mas s emissio n rates , an d defaul t zer o emissio n rate s (fo requipmen t component s whic h scree n a t backgroun d concentrations)

. Th e 199 5 EP A protoco l documen t fo requipmen t lea k emissio n estimate s (EPA-453/R-95
- 017 ) contain s th e mos t recentl yderive d lea k rat e correlatio n equations , whic h w e recommen d fo rus e i n estimatin g cok e by-produc t plan t benzen e emissions

. Th e COET F i s nearin g completio n o f a projec t t o compil e facility-specifi c Metho d 2 1 dat a an d strea m material s analysi s dat a fro m fou rcok e by-produc t plants , t o whic h th e EP A correlatio n equations an d defaul t zer o emissio n rate s wer e applied

. Th e result s o f thi s project , whic h wil l discusse d i n a Rna l Report tha t w e pla n t o submi t t o yo u upo n it s completio n i n January2000 , indicat e tha t benzen e emissio n level s fro m thes e plant s ar e mor e tha n tw o order s o f magnitud e belo w thos e estimate d usin g th e draf t AP-4 2 emissio n factors

. Thes e ne w factor s shoul d b e use d fo rcok e by-produc t plant s > t o reflect curren t (i.e. , post-NESHAP ) contro l levels

.P. 8 

# T

TABL E 7-3 . LI D AN D OFFTAK E LEAK BASELIN E LIMIT S AN D

ESTIMATE D EMISSIO NRATE S Li d limi t Estimate d averag e Offtak e limi t Estimate d average 3 (PLL ) (PLL ) (PLO ) (PLO )
5 3. 5 1 0 6. 5 4 2. 6 6 3. 5 3 1. 9 5 2. 9 2 1. 1 4 . 2. 2 1 0. 6

a Th e minimumestimate d emissio n rat e i s 0.003 3 kg/h r pe r leak . Th e maximumestimate d emissio n rat e is~0."021 ~ kg/hr " per'leak .



### 7-6