APPENDIX A: MANUFACTURER STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES 

Part 1 

Proposed Regulation Order, Part 1: Amend California Code of Regulations, Title 13, 

Sections 2430, 2433, and 2434 for Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines. 

PROPOSED REGULATION ORDER, PART 1.

Note: Amendments to the regulations are shown with underline text for additions and strikeout 

text for deletions. 

Amend California Code of Regulations, title 13, sections 2430, 2433, and 2434 to read: 

Article 4.5. Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines

§ 2430. Applicability. 

(a) (1) This article applies to large off-road spark-ignition engines 25 horsepower and 

greater produced on or after January 1, 2001 and all equipment and vehicles produced on or after 

January 1, 2001 that use such engines. 

(2) Every new off-road large spark-ignition (LSI) engine that is manufactured for 

sale, sold, or offered for sale in California, or that is introduced, delivered or imported into 

California for introduction into commerce and that is subject to any of the standards prescribed in 

this article and documents incorporated by reference therein, must be certified for use and sale by 

the manufacturer through the Air Resources Board and covered by an Executive Order, issued 

pursuant to Chapter 9, Article 4.5, Section 2433. 

(3) This article does not apply to engines in vehicles that are subject to the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency Regulations in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 

1051. In California, such engines and vehicles are subject to requirements of Title 13, California 

Code of Regulations, Chapter 9, Article 3, Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines, 

including any related provisions and guidelines that are applicable to Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines.

(b) Each part of this article is severable, and in the event that any part of this chapter or 

article is held to be invalid, the remainder of the article remains in full force and effect. 

(c) This article and documents incorporated by reference herein include provisions for 

emissions certification, labeling requirements, warranty, in-use compliance testing, and 

production line testing. 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43102 and 43104, Health and Safety 

Code. Reference: Sections 43013, 43017, 43018, 43101, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43150, 43151, 43152, 

43153,- 43154, 43205.5, and 43210, 43210.5, 43211 and-43212, Health and Safety Code. 
 2 

§ 2433. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - Off- Road Large Sparkignition Engines. 

(a) This section applies to new off-road large spark-ignition engines produced on or after 

January 1, 2001. For the purpose of this section, these engines are also referred to as “new offroad LSI engines.”.

(b) Standards.

 (1) Exhaust Emission Standards. Exhaust emissions from off-road large sparkignition engines manufactured for sale, sold, or offered for sale in California, or that are introduced, 

delivered or imported into California for introduction into commerce, must not exceed: 

Exhaust Emission Standards 

(grams per brake horsepower-hour) 

[grams per kilowatt-hour](1)

 

Model 

Year 

 Engine 

Displacement 

Durability 

Period 

Hydrocarbon 

plus Oxides 

of Nitrogen 

Carbon 

Monoxide 

2002 and 

subsequent <1.0 liter 

1,000 

hours or 2 

years 

9.0 

[12.0] 

410 

[549] 

2001 - 

2003(2),(3) > 1.0 liter N/A 3.0 [4.0] 

37.0 

[49.6] 

2004 - 

2006(4) > 1.0 liter 3500 hours 

or 5 years 

3.0 

[4.0] 

37.0 

[49.6] 

2007 and 

subsequent

- 2009

> 1.0 liter 

5000 hours 

or 7 years 

3.0 2.0

[4.0] [2.7]

37.0 15.5

[49.6] [20.8]

2010 and 

subsequent

(5)

> 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.6

[0.8]

15.5

[20.8]

Note: (1) Standards in grams per kilowatt-hour are given only as a reference. Pollutant emissions reported to 

ARB by manufacturers must be in grams per brake horsepower-hour. 

(2) Small volume manufacturers are not required to comply with these emission standards. 

(3) Manufacturers must show that at least 25 percent of its California engine sales comply with the 

standards in 2001, 50 percent in 2002, and 75 percent in 2003. 

(4) The standards for in-use compliance for engine families certified to the standards in the row noted 

are 4.0 g/bhp-hr (5.4 g/kW-hr) hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen and 50.0 g/bhp-hr (67.0 g/kWhr) carbon monoxide, with a useful life of 5000 hours or 7 years. In-use averaging, banking, and 

trading credits may be generated for engines tested in compliance with these in-use compliance 
 3 

standards. If the in-use compliance level is above 3.0 but does not exceed 4.0 g/bhp-hr 

hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen or is above 37.0 but does not exceed 50.0 g/bhp-hr carbon 

monoxide, and based on a review of information derived from a statistically valid and 

representative sample of engines, the Executive Officer determines that a substantial percentage of 

any class or category of such engines exhibits within the warranty periods noted in Section 2435, 

an identifiable, systematic defect in a component listed in that section, which causes a significant 

increase in emissions above those exhibited by engines free of such defects and of the same class 

or category and having the same period of use and hours, then the Executive Officer may invoke 

the enforcement authority under Section 2439, Title 13, California Code of regulations to require 

remedial action by the engine manufacturer. Such remedial action is limited to owner notification 

and repair or replacement of defective components, without regard to the requirements set forth in 

Section 2439(b)(5) or Section 2439(c)(5)(B)(vi). As used in the section, the term “defect” does 

not include failures that are the result of abuse, neglect, or improper maintenance. 

(5) Small volume manufacturers are required to comply with these emission standards in 2013.

Optional Exhaust Emission Standards

(grams per brake horsepower-hour)

[grams per kilowatt-hour]

Model 

Year

 Engine 

Displacement

Durability 

Period

Hydrocarbon 

plus Oxides 

of Nitrogen 

Carbon 

Monoxide

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

1.5

[2.0]

15.5

[20.8]

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

1.0

[1.3]

15.5

[20.8]

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.6

[0.8]

15.5

[20.8]

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.4

[0.5]

15.5

[20.8]

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.2

[0.3]

15.5

[20.8]

2007 -

2009 > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.1

[0.1]

15.5

[20.8]

2010 and 

subsequent > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.4 

[0.5]

15.5

[20.8]

2010 and 

subsequent > 1.0 liter

5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.2

[0.3]

15.5

[20.8]

2010 and 

subsequent

> 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years

0.1

[0.1]

15.5

[20.8]
 4 

(2) Crankcase Emissions. No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient 

atmosphere from any new 2001 or later model year off-road LSI engines. 

(3) Evaporative Emission Standards. 

(A) Starting in the 2007 model year, engines that run on a volatile liquid fuel 

(such as gasoline), must meet the following evaporative emissions standards 

and requirements: 

(i) Evaporative hydrocarbon emissions may not exceed 0.2 grams per 

gallon of fuel tank capacity when measured with the test procedures 

for evaporative emissions as described in subpart F, Title 40 Code of 

Federal Regulations (CFR) Sec.1048. 

(ii) For nonmetallic fuel lines, you must specify and use products that 

meet the Category 1 specifications in SAE J2260. 

(iii) Liquid fuel in the fuel tank may not reach boiling during continuous 

engine operation in the final installation at an ambient temperature of 

30o C. Note that gasoline with a Reid vapor pressure of 62 kPa (9 psi) 

begins to boil at about 53o C. 

(c) Test Procedures. The test procedures for determining certification and compliance 

with the standards for exhaust emissions from new model year 2001 through 2006 off-road LSI 

engines with engine displacement greater than 1.0 liter sold in the state are set forth in 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2001 and Later through 

2006 Off-Road Large Spark-ignition Engines,” adopted September 1, 1999, and as last amended 

[insert date of amendment]. The test procedures for determining certification and compliance 

with the standards for exhaust and evaporative emissions from new model year 2007 and 

subsequent off-road LSI engines with engine displacement greater than 1.0 liter sold in the state 

are set forth in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2007 and 

Later Off-Road Large Spark-ignition Engines,” adopted [Insert date of adoption].

(d) The test procedures for determining certification and compliance with the standards 

for exhaust emissions from new off-road LSI engines with engine displacement equal to or less 

than 1.0 liter sold in the state are set forth in “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 1995 and Later Small Off-Road Engines,” as last amended March 23, 1999. 

(e) Replacement Engines Replacement Engines. 

 (1) [Reserved]

(2) (A) Beginning in 2004, a new off-road large spark-ignition engine 

intended solely to replace an engine in a piece of off-road equipment that was originally 

produced with an engine manufactured prior to the applicable implementation date as described 

in paragraph (b), shall not be subject to the emissions requirements of paragraph (b) provided 

that: 

(i) The engine manufacturer has ascertained that no engine 
 5 

produced by itself or the manufacturer of the engine that is being replaced, if different, and 

certified to the requirements of this article, is available with the appropriate physical or 

performance characteristics to repower the equipment; and 

(ii) Unless an alternative control mechanism is approved in 

advance by the Executive Officer, the engine manufacturer or its agent takes ownership and 

possession of the engine being replaced; and 

(iii) The replacement engine is clearly labeled with the following 

language, or similar alternate language approved in advance by the Executive Officer: 

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH CALIFORNIA OFF-ROAD OR ON-HIGHWAY 

EMISSION REQUIREMENTS. SALE OR INSTALLATION OF THIS ENGINE FOR ANY 

PURPOSE OTHER THAN AS A REPLACEMENT ENGINE IN AN OFF-ROAD VEHICLE 

OR PIECE OF OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT WHOSE ORIGINAL ENGINE WAS NOT 

CERTIFIED IS A VIOLATION OF CALIFORNIA LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY. 

(B) At the beginning of each model year, the manufacturer of replacement 

engines must provide, by engine model, an estimate of the number of replacement engines it 

expects to produce for California for that model year. 

(C) At the conclusion of the model year, the manufacturer must provide, 

by engine model, the actual number of replacement engines produced for California during the 

model year, and a description of the physical or performance characteristics of those models that 

indicate that certified replacement engine(s) were not available as per paragraph (A). 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43102 and 43104, Health and Safety 

Code. Reference: Sections 43013, 43017, 43018, 43101, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43150, 43151, 43152, 

43153,- 43154, 43205.5, and 43210, 43210.5, 43211 and-43212, Health and Safety Code. 
 6 

2434. Emission Control Labels - 2001 and Later Off-Road Large Spark-ignition Engines

(a) Purpose. 

The Air Resources Board recognizes that certain emissions-critical or emissions-related 

parts must be properly identified and maintained in order for engines to meet the applicable 

emission standards. The purpose of these specifications is to require engine manufacturers to 

affix a label (or labels) on each production engine (or equipment) to provide the engine or 

equipment owner and service mechanic with information necessary for the proper maintenance of 

these parts in customer use. 

(b) Applicability. This section applies to: 

(1) 2001 and later model year off-road LSI engines with engine displacement 

greater than 1.0 liter, that have been certified to the applicable emission standards pursuant to 

Section 2433(b). 

(2) Engine manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers, as 

applicable, that have certified such engines. 

(3) Original equipment manufacturers, regardless of whether they have 

certified the engine, if their equipment obscures the emission control labels of such certified 

engines. 

(4) 2002 and later model year off-road LSI engines with engine displacement 

less than or equal to 1.0 liter must comply with the applicable labeling specifications set forth in 

the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Section 2404. 

(c) Label Content and Location. 

(1) A tune-up label made of a permanent material must be welded, riveted or 

otherwise permanently attached to the engine block or other major component in such a way that 

it will be readily visible after installation of the engine in the equipment. If the equipment 

obscures the label on the engine, the equipment manufacturer must attach a supplemental label 

such that it is readily visible. 

(2) In selecting an acceptable location, the manufacturer must consider the 

possibility of accidental damage (e.g., possibility of tools or sharp instruments coming in contact 

with the label). Each label must be affixed in such a manner that it cannot be removed without 

destroying or defacing the label, and must not be affixed to any part which is likely to be replaced 

during the equipment’s useful life. The label(s) must not be affixed to any component which is 

easily detached from the engine. 

(3) In addition, an engine serial number and date of engine manufacture 

(month and year) must be stamped on the engine block or stamped on a metal label riveted or 

permanently attached to the engine block. Engine manufacturers must keep records such that the 

engine serial number can easily be used to determine if an engine was certified for the applicable 

model year. Alternative engine serial number identification methods or tracking number may be 

allowed with prior approval from the Executive Officer. 

(4) The label must be in the English language and use block letters and 

numerals which must be of a color that contrasts with the background of the label. 
 7 

(5) The label must contain the following information: 

(A) The label heading must read: 

“Important Engine Information.” 

(B) Full corporate name and trademark of the manufacturer. 

(C) “THIS ENGINE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ON (specify 

operating fuel(s)).” 

(D) Identification of the Exhaust Emission Control System. 

Abbreviations may be used and must conform to the nomenclature and abbreviations found in the 

Society of Automotive Engineers document J1930 which is incorporated by reference in Section 

1977, Title 13, CCR, entitled “Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, 

Abbreviations, and Acronyms.” 

(E) The maintenance specifications and adjustments recommended by 

the engine manufacturer, including, as applicable: spark plug gap width, valve lash, ignition 

timing, idle air/fuel mixture setting procedure and value (e.g., idle CO, idle speed drop), and high 

idle speed. These specifications must indicate the proper transmission position, (if applicable), 

during tune-up and what accessories, if any, should be in operation, and what systems, if any 

(e.g., vacuum advance, air pump), should be disconnected during the tune-up. If the 

manufacturer does not recommend adjustment of the foregoing specifications, the manufacturer 

must include in lieu of the “specifications” the single statement “No other adjustments needed.” 

 For all engines, the instructions for tune-up adjustments must be sufficiently clear on the label to 

preclude the need for a mechanic or equipment owner to refer to another document in order to 

correctly perform the adjustments. 

(F) Any specific fuel or engine lubricant requirement (e.g., research 

octane number, engine lubricant type). 

(G) An unconditional statement of compliance with the appropriate 

model year (for 2001-2003) or (2004 and subsequent) California regulations; for example, “This 

engine conforms to 2002 California regulations for off-road large spark-ignition engines and is 

certified to 3.0 g/bhp-hr HC+NOx and 37 g/bhp-hr CO.” or “This engine conforms to 20067

California regulations for off-road large spark-ignition engines and is certified to 0.6 g/bhp-hr 

HC+NOx and 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO.” 

(H) Total engine displacement (in cubic inches and/or liters) of the 

engine upon which the engine label is attached. 

(I) The engine family identification (i.e., engine family name and 

manufacturer’s own engine group/code). 

 

(6) (A) The manufacturer of any engine certified with a clean fuel (i.e. 

natural gas) must at the time of engine manufacture, affix a permanent legible label specifying 

the appropriate operating fuel(s). 

(B) The label must be located immediately adjacent to each fuel tank 

filler inlet and outside of any filler inlet compartment. It must be located so that it is readily 
 8 

visible to any person introducing fuel to such filler inlet; provided, however, that the Executive 

Officer must upon application from an engine manufacturer, approve other label locations that 

achieve the purpose of this paragraph. If the engine is manufactured separately from the 

equipment, the label must be affixed to the engine and located so that it is readily visible. Such 

labels must be in English and in block letters which must be of a color that contrasts with their 

background. 

(d) An engine label may state that the engine or equipment conforms to any 

applicable federal emission standards for new engines, or any other information that such 

manufacturer deems necessary for, or useful to, the proper operation and satisfactory 

maintenance of the equipment or engine. 

(e) Supplemental Engine Label Content and Location. 

(1) When a final equipment assembly that is marketed to any ultimate 

purchaser is manufactured and the engine label attached by the engine manufacturer is obscured 

(i.e., not readily visible), the manufacturer of the final equipment assembly (i.e., original 

equipment manufacturer) must attach a supplemental engine label upon the engine or equipment. 

 The supplemental engine label must be plastic or metal, and must be welded, riveted or 

otherwise attached permanently to an area of the engine or equipment assembly so as to be 

readily visible to the average person. 

 (2) The manufacturer required to attach a supplemental engine label must 

consider the possibility of accidental damage to the supplemental engine label in the 

determination of the label location. Such a label must not be attached to any engine or 

equipment component that is likely to be replaced during the useful life of the engine or 

equipment (as applicable). Such a label must not be attached to any engine or equipment 

component that is detached easily from the engine or equipment (as applicable). 

 (3) The supplemental engine label information must be written in the English 

language and use block letters and numerals (i.e., sans serif, upper-case characters) that must be 

of a color that contrasts with the background of the label. 

 (4) A supplemental engine label must contain the information as specified in 

Subsection (c)(4)(5), except that the date of engine manufacture specified in (c)(3) may be 

deleted from the supplemental engine label. When the date of engine manufacture does not 

appear on the supplemental engine label, the responsible original equipment manufacturer must 

display (e.g., label, stamp, etc.) the date elsewhere on the engine or equipment so as to be readily 

visible. 

(f) As used in these specifications, readily visible to the average person means that 

the label must be readable from a distance of eighteen inches (46 centimeters) without any 

obstructions from equipment or engine parts (including all manufacturer available optional 

equipment) except for flexible parts (e.g., vacuum hoses, ignition wires) that can be moved out of 

the way without disconnection. Alternatively, information required by these specifications to be 

printed on the label must be no smaller than 8 point type size (2 millimeter in height) provided 
 9 

that no equipment or engine parts (including all manufacturer available optional equipment), 

except for flexible parts, obstruct the label. 

(g) The labels and any adhesives used must be designed to withstand, for the engine’s 

or equipment’s total expected life, typical equipment environmental conditions in the area where 

the label is attached. Typical equipment environmental conditions must include, but are not 

limited to, exposure to engine fuels, lubricants and coolants (e.g., gasoline, motor oil, water, 

ethylene glycol). The manufacturer must submit, with its certification application, a statement 

attesting that its labels comply with these requirements. 

(h) The manufacturer must obtain approval from the Executive Officer for all label 

formats and locations prior to use. Approval of the specific maintenance settings is not required; 

however, the format for all such settings and tolerances, if any, is subject to review. If the 

Executive Officer finds that the information on the label is vague or subject to misinterpretation, 

or that the location does not comply with these specifications, he or she may require that the label 

or its location be modified accordingly. 

(i) Samples of all actual production labels used within an engine family must be 

submitted to the Executive Officer within thirty days after the start of production. Engine 

manufacturers must provide samples of their own applicable production labels, and samples of 

applicable production original equipment manufacturer labels that are accessible to the engine 

manufacturer due to the direct market arrangement between such manufacturers. 

(j) The Executive Officer may approve alternate label locations or may, upon request, 

waive or modify the label content requirements provided that the intent of these specifications is 

met. 

(k) The manufacturer of any engine must furnish to the Executive Officer, at the 

beginning of the model year, any engine identification number coding system which identifies 

whether such engine(s) are covered by an Executive Order. 

(l) (1) If the Executive Officer finds any engine manufacturer using labels that 

are different from those approved or that do not substantially comply with the readability or 

durability requirements set forth in these specifications, the engine manufacturer will be subject 

to revocation or suspension of Executive Orders for the applicable engine families, or enjoined 

from any further sales, or distribution, of such noncompliant engine families, or subgroups within 

the engine families, in the State of California pursuant to Section 43017 of the Health and Safety 

Code. Before seeking to enjoin an engine manufacturer, the Executive Officer will consider any 

information provided by the engine manufacturer. In addition, the engine manufacturer may be 

subject to, on a per engine basis, any and all remedies available under Part 5, Division 26 of the 

Health and Safety Code, sections 43000 et seq. 
 10 

 (2) If the Executive Officer finds any original equipment 

manufacturer using labels for which it has responsibility for attaching that are different 

from those approved or that do not substantially comply with the readability or 

durability requirements set forth in these specifications, the equipment manufacturer 

will be subject to being enjoined from any further sales, or distribution, of the 

applicable equipment product line that uses such noncompliant labels in the State of 

California pursuant to Section 43017 of the Health and Safety Code. Before seeking to 

enjoin an equipment manufacturer, the Executive Officer will consider any information 

provided by the equipment manufacturer. In addition, the equipment manufacturer may 

be subject to, on a per engine basis, any and all remedies available under Part 5, 

Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, sections 43000 et seq. 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43102 and 43104, Health 

and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43013, 43017, 43018, 43101, 43102, 43104, 43105, 

43150, 43151, 43152, 43153,- 43154, 43205.5, and 43210, 43210.5, 43211 and-43212, Health 

and Safety Code.