Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-2

Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data

(ppm)

Data

Source Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Tetra

Techa

(Mech.

Hopper

Ash)

Arsenic n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.3 160 25.2

Barium n/a n/a n/a n/a 52 1152 872

Boron n/a n/a n/a n/a 205 714 258

Cadmium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.40 14.3 4.27

Chromium n/a n/a n/a n/a 83.3 305 172

Cobalt n/a n/a n/a n/a 6.22 76.9 48.3

Copper n/a n/a n/a n/a 42.0 326 130

Fluorine n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.50 83.3 41.8

Lead n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.2 101 13.0

Manganese n/a n/a n/a n/a 123 430 191

Mercury n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.008 3.00 0.073

Selenium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.13 11.8 5.52

Silver n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.08 4.0 0.70

Strontium n/a n/a n/a n/a 396 2430 931

Vanadium n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 377 251

Zinc n/a n/a n/a n/a 56.7 215 155

Tetra

Techb

(Fine

Fly Ash)

Arsenic n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.3 279 56.7

Barium n/a n/a n/a n/a 110 5400 991

Boron n/a n/a n/a n/a 10.0 1300 371

Cadmium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.10 18.0 1.60

Chromium n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.6 437 136

Cobalt n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.90 79.0 35.9

Copper n/a n/a n/a n/a 33.0 349 116

Fluorine n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.40 320 29.0

Lead n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.10 252 66.5

Manganese n/a n/a n/a n/a 24.5 750 250

Mercury n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.005 2.50 0.10

Selenium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.60 19.0 9.97

Silver n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.04 8.0 0.501

Strontium n/a n/a n/a n/a 30.0 3855 775

Vanadium n/a n/a n/a n/a 11.9 570 248
Waste Characterization

Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data

(ppm)

Data

Source Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

March 15, 1999 2-3

Zinc n/a n/a n/a n/a 14.0 2,300 210

Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data

(ppm) (continued)

Data

Source Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

1993

Datac

Antimony 46 35 n/a 10.5 0.2 205 4.6

Arsenic 81 3 n/a 76.4 0.0003 391.0 43.4

Barium 74 3 n/a 1589 0.02 10850 806.5

Beryllium 12 0 n/a 201.8 0.200 2105 5.0

Boron 27 0 n/a 469.5 2.98 2050 311

Cadmium 66 41 n/a 6.1 0.0100 76.0 3.4

Chromium VI 83 8 n/a 129 0.19 651 90

Copper 78 1 n/a 123 0.20 655 112

Lead 76 2 n/a 67.0 0.02 273 56.8

Mercury 27 7 n/a 4.3 0.013 49.5 0.1

Nickel 71 0 n/a 117.5 0.1 1270 77.6

Selenium 81 16 n/a 8.7 0.0003 49.5 7.7

Silver 62 42 n/a 3.7 0.01 49.5 3.2

Thallium 11 4 n/a 19.2 0.15 85.0 9.0

Vanadium 61 5 n/a 397 43.5 5015 252

Zinc 79 0 n/a 286.5 0.28 2200 148

a

 Mechanical hopper fly ash data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress

b

 Fine fly ash data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress

c Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as one-half the

detection limit

n/a = data not available
Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-4

Table 2-2. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Bottom Ash Total Concentration

Data (ppm)

Data

Source Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number

of Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Tetra

Techa

Arsenic n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.50 168 4.45

Barium n/a n/a n/a n/a 300 5789 1600

Boron n/a n/a n/a n/a 41.9 513 161

Cadmium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.1 4.7 0.86

Chromium n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.4 350 120

Cobalt n/a n/a n/a n/a 7.1 60.4 24

Copper n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.7 250 68.1

Fluorine n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.5 104 50.0

Lead n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.4 90.6 7.1

Manganese n/a n/a n/a n/a 56.7 769 297

Mercury n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.005 4.2 0.023

Selenium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.08 14 0.601

Silver n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.1 0.51 0.20

Strontium n/a n/a n/a n/a 170 1800 800

Vanadium n/a n/a n/a n/a 12.0 377 141

Zinc n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.0 798 99.6

1993

Datab

Antimony 36 35 n/a 4.1 0.18 8.4 4.0

Arsenic 48 5 n/a 7.7 0.80 36.5 4.7

Barium 46 1 n/a 1526 24 9360 633

Beryllium 2 0 n/a 2.2 1.4 2.9 2.2

Boron 11 0 n/a 109.9 1.79 390 90.0

Cadmium 48 38 n/a 2.7 0.050 5.5 3.1

Chromium VI 48 4 n/a 411 3.41 4710 121.0

Copper 48 0 n/a 61.4 2.39 146.3 61.1

Lead 48 1 n/a 35.0 0.86 843.0 13.2

Mercury 12 7 n/a 0.013 0.003 0.040 0.009

Nickel 48 1 n/a 161.2 1.9 1267 79.6

Selenium 48 31 n/a 1.1 0.0070 9.0 0.8

Silver 40 33 n/a 3.0 0.06 7.1 3.0

Thallium 1 0 n/a --- 2.0 2.0 ---

Vanadium 37 7 n/a 143.1 24.0 264 141

Zinc 48 0 n/a 123.1 3.80 717 52.6

a

 Bottom and boiler slag (combined) data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress

b

 Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as one-half the

detection limit

n/a = data not available

--- = too few data points to calculate statistics
Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-5

Table 2-3. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Boiler Slag Total Concentration

Data (ppm)

Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Antimony 3 0 n/a 0.7 0.25 1.0 0.8

Arsenic 15 7 n/a 23.0 0.01 254.0 4.5

Barium 15 7 n/a 698.7 6.19 1720 413

Beryllium 3 0 n/a 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0

Boron 5 2 n/a 31.7 0.10 55.0 49.5

Cadmium 15 11 n/a 22.4 0.01 40.5 40.5

Chromium VI 15 1 n/a 592.1 1.43 5981 158

Copper 15 2 n/a 52.0 1.37 156 32.0

Lead 15 6 n/a 34.6 0.40 120.0 8.0

Mercury 15 15 n/a 5.1 0.016 9.5 9.5

Nickel 15 2 n/a 81.4 3.3 177 83.0

Selenium 14 8 n/a 4.8 0.010 14.0 4.5

Silver 15 13 n/a 22.2 0.01 74.0 37.0

Thallium 3 0 n/a 37.3 33.5 40.0 38.5

Vanadium 11 7 n/a 146.1 75.0 320.0 75.0

Zinc 15 2 n/a 79.2 4.43 530 35.8

n/a = data not available

Source: Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as onehalf the detection limit
Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-6

Table 2-4. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: FGD Waste Total Concentration

Data (ppm)

Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Antimony 31 25 n/a 15.8 3.65 90.0 6.0

Arsenic 36 5 n/a 53.6 0.0075 341.0 32.5

Barium 35 3 n/a 352.1 0.08 2280 162.5

Beryllium 14 7 n/a 27.7 0.900 49.5 29.3

Boron 18 11 n/a 144.8 5.00 633.0 60.0

Cadmium 36 22 n/a 19.2 0.005 81.9 3.9

Chromium VI 36 5 n/a 90.7 0.17 312.0 73.0

Copper 36 0 n/a 62.4 0.04 251.0 46.1

Lead 34 2 n/a 121.7 0.01 527.0 25.3

Mercury 15 7 n/a 5.2 0.073 39.0 4.8

Nickel 35 1 n/a 72.5 3.7 191.0 68.1

Selenium 34 9 n/a 12.1 0.0150 162.0 4.5

Silver 29 20 n/a 3.5 0.01 10.3 3.3

Thallium 6 6 n/a 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0

Vanadium 33 16 n/a 104.9 0.01 302.0 65.0

Zinc 36 1 n/a 921.0 0.01 5070 90.9

n/a = data not available

Source: Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as onehalf the detection limit
Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-11

Table 2-7. Coal-Fired Utility Comanaged Wastes: Total Concentration Data for Wastes

Comanaged in Landfills (ppm)

Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Arsenic 6 0 3 20 6.2 38 16

Barium 6 0 3 2,900 1,800 3,800 3200

Cadmium 6 6 3 Not calculated*

Chromium 6 2 3 50 35 78 38

Copper 6 0 3 105 97 120 99

Lead 6 1 3 17 6.5 29 16

Nickel 6 0 3 51 33 65 54

Selenium 6 3 3 14 0.8 32 9.1

Silver 6 5 3 Not calculated*

Vanadium 6 0 3 86 23 160 77

Zinc 6 3 3 84 35 160 53

* The constituent was not detected in any samples or detected in a small number of samples; therefore, meaningful statistical values

cannot be calculated.

Notes: All measurements identified as below detection limit were assigned a value equal to one-half the detection limit for use in the

calculations. All concentrations are facility-averaged; i.e., multiple measurements from a single site are averaged, and the resulting

population of facility averages used to generate the statistics in this table.

Source: EPRI Comanagement data. Includes wastes sampled within the landfills.
Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-12

Table 2-8. Coal-Fired Utility Comanaged Wastes: Total Concentration Data for Wastes

Comanaged in Surface Impoundments (ppm)

Constituent

Number of

Samples

Number of

Non-Detects

Number of

Sites Mean Minimum Maximum Median

Antimony 26 24 7 Not calculated*

Arsenic 45 9 15 40 6.7 150 18

Barium 45 6 15 1,600 150 8,400 510

Beryllium 11 0 3 8.4 0.88 16 8.3

Boron 15 6 5 190 0.03 420 140

Cadmium 45 36 15 6.0 0.20 24 5.4

Chromium 45 17 15 85 5.7 290 86

Cobalt 17 6 4 29 4.7 42 34

Copper 45 2 15 78 2.2 150 86

Lead 45 5 15 42 5.0 150 24

Nickel 45 6 15 68 1.5 160 71

Selenium 45 17 15 37 0.025 320 6.6

Silver 39 30 14 5.2 0.03 14 5.3

Thallium 11 1 3 27 10.6 48 23

Vanadium 45 21 15 120 20 350 60

Zinc 45 0 15 150 17 860 79

* The constituent was detected only in a small number of samples; meaningful statistical values cannot be calculated.

Notes: All measurements identified as below detection limit were assigned a value equal to one-half the detection limit for use in the

calculations. All concentrations are facility-averaged; i.e., multiple measurements from a single site are averaged, and the resulting

population of facility averages used to generate the statistics in this table.

Source: EPRI Comanagement data. Includes wastes sampled from within the impoundments.