Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-2 

### Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data (ppm) Data SourceConstituentNumber of SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

SitesMeanMinimumMaximumMedian Tetra Tech a (Mech. Hopper Ash)Arsenic n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.3 160 25.2

Barium n/a n/a n/a n/a 52 1152 872 Boron n/a n/a n/a n/a 205 714 258 Cadmium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.40 14.3 4.27 Chromium n/a n/a n/a n/a 83.3 305 172 Cobalt n/a n/a n/a n/a 6.22 76.9 48.3 Copper n/a n/a n/a n/a 42.0 326 130 Fluorine n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.50 83.3 41.8 Lead n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.2 101 13.0 Manganese n/a n/a n/a n/a 123 430 191 Mercury n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.008 3.00 0.073 Selenium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.13 11.8 5.52 Silver n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.08 4.0 0.70 Strontium n/a n/a n/a n/a 396 2430 931 Vanadium n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 377 251 Zinc n/a n/a n/a n/a 56.7 215 155 Tetra Tech b (Fine Fly Ash)Arsenic n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.3 279 56.7 Barium n/a n/a n/a n/a 110 5400 991 Boron n/a n/a n/a n/a 10.0 1300 371 Cadmium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.10 18.0 1.60 Chromium n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.6 437 136 Cobalt n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.90 79.0 35.9 Copper n/a n/a n/a n/a 33.0 349 116 Fluorine n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.40 320 29.0 Lead n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.10 252 66.5 Manganese n/a n/a n/a n/a 24.5 750 250 Mercury n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.005 2.50 0.10 Selenium n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.60 19.0 9.97 Silver n/a n/a n/a n/a 0.04 8.0 0.501 Strontium n/a n/a n/a n/a 30.0 3855 775 Vanadium n/a n/a n/a n/a 11.9 570 248Waste Characterization



### Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data (ppm) Data SourceConstituentNumber of SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

SitesMeanMinimumMaximumMedian

March 15, 1999 2-3

Zinc n/a n/a n/a n/a 14.0 2,300 210 

### Table 2-1. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Fly Ash Total Concentration Data (ppm) (continued) Data SourceConstituentNumber of SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

SitesMeanMinimumMaximumMedian 1993 Data cAntimony 46 35 n/a 10.5 0.2 205 4.6 Arsenic 81 3 n/a 76.40.0003391.0 43.4 Barium 74 3 n/a 15890.02 10850806.5 Beryllium 12 0 n/a 201.80.2002105 5.0 Boron 27 0 n/a 469.52.98 2050 311 Cadmium 66 41 n/a 6.1 0.010076.0 3.4 Chromium VI83 8 n/a 129 0.19 651 90 Copper 78 1 n/a 123 0.20 655 112 Lead 76 2 n/a 67.0 0.02 273 56.8 Mercury 27 7 n/a 4.3 0.013 49.5 0.1 Nickel 71 0 n/a 117.5 0.1 1270 77.6 Selenium 81 16 n/a 8.70.000349.5 7.7 Silver 62 42 n/a 3.7 0.01 49.5 3.2 Thallium 11 4 n/a 19.2 0.15 85.0 9.0 Vanadium 61 5 n/a 397 43.5 5015 252 Zinc 79 0 n/a 286.50.28 2200 148

a Mechanical hopper fly ash data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress b Fine fly ash data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress

cData from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as one-half the detection limit n/a = data not availableWaste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-4 

### Table 2-2. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Bottom Ash Total Concentration Data (ppm) Data SourceConstituentNumber of SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber

of SitesMeanMinimumMaximumMedian Tetra Tech aArsenic n/a n/a n/an/a 0.50 168 4.45 Barium n/a n/a n/an/a 300 5789 1600 Boron n/a n/a n/an/a 41.9 513 161 Cadmium n/a n/a n/an/a 0.1 4.7 0.86 Chromium n/a n/a n/an/a 3.4 350 120 Cobalt n/a n/a n/an/a 7.1 60.4 24 Copper n/a n/a n/an/a 3.7 250 68.1 Fluorine n/a n/a n/an/a 2.5 104 50.0 Lead n/a n/a n/an/a 0.4 90.6 7.1 Manganese n/a n/a n/an/a 56.7 769 297 Mercury n/a n/a n/an/a 0.005 4.2 0.023 Selenium n/a n/a n/an/a 0.08 14 0.601 Silver n/a n/a n/an/a 0.1 0.51 0.20 Strontium n/a n/a n/an/a 170 1800 800 Vanadium n/a n/a n/an/a 12.0 377 141 Zinc n/a n/a n/an/a 4.0 798 99.6 1993 DatabAntimony 36 35 n/a 4.1 0.18 8.4 4.0

Arsenic 48 5 n/a 7.7 0.80 36.5 4.7 Barium 46 1 n/a1526 24 9360 633 Beryllium 2 0 n/a 2.2 1.4 2.9 2.2 Boron 11 0 n/a109.91.79 390 90.0 Cadmium 48 38 n/a 2.7 0.050 5.5 3.1 Chromium VI 48 4 n/a411 3.41 4710 121.0 Copper 48 0 n/a61.4 2.39 146.3 61.1 Lead 48 1 n/a35.00.86 843.0 13.2 Mercury 12 7 n/a0.0130.003 0.040 0.009 Nickel 48 1 n/a161.2 1.9 1267 79.6 Selenium 48 31 n/a 1.1 0.0070 9.0 0.8 Silver 40 33 n/a 3.0 0.06 7.1 3.0 Thallium 1 0 n/a

--- 2.0 2.0

--- Vanadium 37 7 n/a143.1 24.0 264 141 Zinc 48 0 n/a123.1 3.80 717 52.6

a Bottom and boiler slag (combined) data from Tetra Tech (1983) and presented in the 1988 Report to Congress b Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as one-half the detection limit n/a = data not available --- = too few data points to calculate statisticsWaste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-5 

### Table 2-3. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: Boiler Slag Total Concentration Data (ppm)

ConstituentNumber of

SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

Sites MeanMinimumMaximumMedian Antimony 3 0 n/a 0.7 0.25 1.0 0.8 Arsenic 15 7 n/a 23.0 0.01 254.0 4.5 Barium 15 7 n/a 698.7 6.19 1720 413 Beryllium 3 0 n/a 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Boron 5 2 n/a 31.7 0.10 55.0 49.5 Cadmium 15 11 n/a 22.4 0.01 40.5 40.5 Chromium VI 15 1 n/a 592.1 1.43 5981 158 Copper 15 2 n/a 52.0 1.37 156 32.0 Lead 15 6 n/a 34.6 0.40 120.0 8.0 Mercury 15 15 n/a 5.1 0.016 9.5 9.5 Nickel 15 2 n/a 81.4 3.3 177 83.0 Selenium 14 8 n/a 4.8 0.010 14.0 4.5 Silver 15 13 n/a 22.2 0.01 74.0 37.0 Thallium 3 0 n/a 37.3 33.5 40.0 38.5 Vanadium 11 7 n/a 146.1 75.0 320.0 75.0 Zinc 15 2 n/a 79.2 4.43 530 35.8 n/a = data not availableSource: Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as onehalf the detection limitWaste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-6 

### Table 2-4. Coal-Fired Utility Large-Volume Wastes: FGD Waste Total Concentration Data (ppm)

ConstituentNumber of

SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

Sites MeanMinimumMaximumMedian Antimony 31 25 n/a 15.8 3.65 90.0 6.0 Arsenic 36 5 n/a 53.60.0075 341.0 32.5 Barium 35 3 n/a 352.1 0.08 2280 162.5 Beryllium 14 7 n/a 27.7 0.900 49.5 29.3 Boron 18 11 n/a 144.8 5.00 633.0 60.0 Cadmium 36 22 n/a 19.2 0.005 81.9 3.9 Chromium VI 36 5 n/a 90.7 0.17 312.0 73.0 Copper 36 0 n/a 62.4 0.04 251.0 46.1 Lead 34 2 n/a 121.7 0.01 527.0 25.3 Mercury 15 7 n/a 5.2 0.073 39.0 4.8 Nickel 35 1 n/a 72.5 3.7 191.0 68.1 Selenium 34 9 n/a 12.1 0.0150 162.0 4.5 Silver 29 20 n/a 3.5 0.01 10.3 3.3 Thallium 6 6 n/a 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Vanadium 33 16 n/a 104.9 0.01 302.0 65.0 Zinc 36 1 n/a 921.0 0.01 5070 90.9 n/a = data not availableSource: Data from supporting documentation to the 1993 Regulatory Determination; values below the detection limit were treated as onehalf the detection limitWaste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-11 

### Table 2-7. Coal-Fired Utility Comanaged Wastes: Total Concentration Data for Wastes Comanaged in Landfills (ppm)

ConstituentNumber of

SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

Sites MeanMinimumMaximumMedian Arsenic 6 0 3 20 6.2 38 16 Barium 6 0 3 2,900 1,800 3,800 3200 Cadmium 6 6 3 Not calculated* Chromium 6 2 3 50 35 78 38 Copper 6 0 3 105 97 120 99 Lead 6 1 3 17 6.5 29 16 Nickel 6 0 3 51 33 65 54 Selenium 6 3 3 14 0.8 32 9.1 Silver 6 5 3 Not calculated* Vanadium 6 0 3 86 23 160 77 Zinc 6 3 3 84 35 160 53 * The constituent was not detected in any samples or detected in a small number of samples; therefore, meaningful statistical values cannot be calculated. Notes: All measurements identified as below detection limit were assigned a value equal to one-half the detection limit for use in the calculations. All concentrations are facility-averaged; i.e., multiple measurements from a single site are averaged, and the resulting population of facility averages used to generate the statistics in this table. Source: EPRI Comanagement data. Includes wastes sampled within the landfills.Waste Characterization

March 15, 1999 2-12 

### Table 2-8. Coal-Fired Utility Comanaged Wastes: Total Concentration Data for Wastes

Comanaged in Surface Impoundments (ppm)

ConstituentNumber of

SamplesNumber of

Non-DetectsNumber of

Sites MeanMinimumMaximumMedian Antimony 26 24 7 Not calculated* Arsenic 45 9 15 40 6.7 150 18 Barium 45 6 15 1,600 150 8,400 510 Beryllium 11 0 3 8.4 0.88 16 8.3 Boron 15 6 5 190 0.03 420 140 Cadmium 45 36 15 6.0 0.20 24 5.4 Chromium 45 17 15 85 5.7 290 86 Cobalt 17 6 4 29 4.7 42 34 Copper 45 2 15 78 2.2 150 86 Lead 45 5 15 42 5.0 150 24 Nickel 45 6 15 68 1.5 160 71 Selenium 45 17 15 37 0.025 320 6.6 Silver 39 30 14 5.2 0.03 14 5.3 Thallium 11 1 3 27 10.6 48 23 Vanadium 45 21 15 120 20 350 60 Zinc 45 0 15 150 17 860 79 * The constituent was detected only in a small number of samples; meaningful statistical values cannot be calculated. Notes: All measurements identified as below detection limit were assigned a value equal to one-half the detection limit for use in the calculations. All concentrations are facility-averaged; i.e., multiple measurements from a single site are averaged, and the resulting population of facility averages used to generate the statistics in this table. Source: EPRI Comanagement data. Includes wastes sampled from within the impoundments.