# 1 Supplemental Material: Seasonal and Regional Short-term Effects of Fine Particles

on Hospital Admissions in 202 US Counties, 1999-2005

American Journal of Epidemiology (Bell et al.)

Figure S1. Boxplots of cause-specific hospita l admissions rates, by region and season

(average admissions/day/100,000 persons)

# 2 Figure S2. Boxplots of PM 2.5 

# , temperature, and dew point temperature by region and

season ( μ g/m 3



# , o 

# F)3Figure S3. Percent increase in total cardiovascular admissions per 10μg/m3in same day (lag 0) PM2.5by region for results from theharmonic model (in black) and seasonal interaction model (in red)Note:The vertical lines mark the divisions among seasons as defined by the seasonal interaction model. Solid lines represent the central estimate, and dashedlines represent the 95% posterior interval. The number in parentheses (n) represents the number of counties includedin each region. Note that the scale of theyaxis is identical across regions. The 95% intervals for some regions are too large to fit on this scale (e.g., Northwest regionfor harmonic model). See Figure S5for a version of these figures with a differenty-axis scale.4Figure S4. Percent increase in total respiratory admissions per 10μg/m3in same day (lag 0) PM2.5by region for results from theharmonic model (in black) and seasonal interaction model (in red)Note:The vertical lines mark the divisions among seasons as defined by the seasonal interaction model. Solid lines represent the central estimate, and dashedlines represent the 95% posterior interval. The number in parentheses (n) represents the number of counties includedin each region. Note that the scale of theyaxis is identical across regions. The 95% intervals for some regions are too large to fit on this scale (e.g., Northwest regionfor harmonic model). See Figure S6for a version of these figures with a differenty-axis scale.5Figure S5. Percent increase in total cardiovascular admissions per 10μg/m3in same day PM2.5by region for results from the harmonicmodel (in black) and seasonal interaction model (in red)Note:The vertical lines mark the divisions among seasons as defined by the seasonal interaction model. Solid lines represent the central estimate, and dashedlines represent the 95% posterior interval. The number in parentheses (n) represents the number of counties includedin each region. Note that the scale of theyaxis differs across regions.0 100 200 300

-10 -5 0 5 10g( )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-10 -5 0 5 10Harmonic Curve Southwest US for CVD Lag 0 (n= 25 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 -1 0 1 2Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 -1 0 1 2Harmonic Curve Southeast US for CVD Lag 0 (n= 58 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn WinterNorthwest (n=9) Northeast (n=108)Southwest (n=25) Southeast (n=58)0 100 200 300

-10 -5 0 5 10g( )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-10 -5 0 5 10Harmonic Curve Southwest US for CVD Lag 0 (n= 25 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 -1 0 1 2Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 -1 0 1 2Harmonic Curve Southeast US for CVD Lag 0 (n= 58 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn WinterNorthwest (n=9) Northeast (n=108)Southwest (n=25) Southeast (n=58)6Figure S6. Percent increase in total respiratory admissions per 10μg/m3in lag 0 PM2.5by region for results from the harmonic model(in black) and seasonal interaction model (in red)Note:The vertical lines mark the divisions among seasons as defined by the seasonal interaction model. Solid lines represent the central estimate, and dashedlines represent the 95% posterior interval. The number in parentheses (n) represents the number of counties includedin each region. Note that the scale of theyaxis differs across regions.0 100 200 300

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15g( )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15Harmonic Curve Southwest US for RESP Lag 0 (n= 25 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 0 2 4Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 0 2 4Harmonic Curve Southeast US for RESP Lag 0 (n= 58 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn WinterNorthwest (n=9) Northeast (n=108)Southwest (n=25) Southeast (n=58)0 100 200 300

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15g( )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15Harmonic Curve Southwest US for RESP Lag 0 (n= 25 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 0 2 4Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn Winter0 100 200 300

-2 0 2 4Harmonic Curve Southeast US for RESP Lag 0 (n= 58 )Day of year

percentWinter Spring Summer Autumn WinterNorthwest (n=9) Northeast (n=108)Southwest (n=25) Southeast (n=58)