UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention 

Date: 12/07//20 10 

DP Barcode: D379926 

PC Code: 392201 

MEMORANDUM 

SUBJECT: 

FROM: 

THRU: 

TO: 

(Revised) Evaluation of Crops and Data Needed to Address 

Uncertainty in Risk to Pollinators from Spirotetramat 

Allen Vaughan, 

Joseph Decant, Ecologist 

Environmental Risk Branch: V 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) . /2/g7//6 

Mah T. Shamim, Ph.D., Chief 

Environmental Risk Branch V 

Environmental Fate and Effects Di 

Rita Kumar, Risk Manager Reviewer 

John Hebert, Risk Manager, Rm 07 

Meredith Laws, Branch Chief 

Insecticide-Rodenticide Branch 

Registration Division (7505P) 

This memo is a revision of the original "Evaluation of Crops" memo dated 07/07/10. There are 

three changes: 

Include pistachios in the "tree nuts" crop grouping. This crop was unintentionally omitted 

from the original memo; 

Add a reference to document the existence of extrafloral nectarines in cotton, per request 

from RD; 

Include discussion of the uncertainties regarding potential exposure from application to 

tree crops and citrus. Detailed discussion of this subject was provided in the EFED memo 

dated 08/10/10 (DP380617). 

TEXT SEARCHABLE DOCUMENT - 2010
Spirotetramat is registered for use on a large number of vegetable crops, fruit and nut trees, 

cotton, and soybeans. This document provides a break-out of the various uses according to the 

degree of bee hazard and whether this hazard can be mitigated with product labeling. 

Potential hazard from exposure, but hazard mitigated by crop-specific labeling ["Do not 

apply this product within 10 days prior to bloom, during bloom, or until petal fall is 

complete" (for citrus); "Do not apply until after petal fall" (for all others)]: 

1. Citrus fruits: calarnondin, citrus citron, citrus hybrids, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, 

mandarin, orange, pummelo, and Satsuma mandarin 

2. Pome Fruits: apple crabapple, loquat, mayhaw, pear, oriental pear, quince 

3. Stone Fruits: apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum, plumcot, prune 

4. Tree Nuts: almond, beechnut, brazil nut, butternut, cashew, chestnut, chinquapin, filbert, 

hickory nut, macadamia nut, pecan, walnut, pistachio 

5. Cucurbits: Chayote, Chinese waxgourd, citron melon, cucumber, gherkin, gourd, 

momordica spp., Muskmelon, pumpkin, squash, watermelon 

*Note the concluding paragraphs of this memo for discussion of uncertainties regarding labeling 

for citrus fruits and tree crops, and the requirement for residue studies. 

Minor crops andlor crops which may be attractive to bees under some conditions, but do 

not warrant crop-specific labeling: 

6. Small Fruit Vine Climbing Subgroup: amur river grape, gooseberry, grape, kiwi, maypop, 

schisandra berry 

7. Potato and other Tuberous and Corm Vegetables: arracacha, arrowroot, artichoke, canna, 

cassava, chayote, chufa, dasheen, ginger, leren, potato, sweetpotato, tanier, tumeric, yam 

bean, yam 

8. Fruiting Vegetables: eggplant, groundcherry, pepinos, pepper, tomatillo, tomato 

9. Others: Soybean, legume vegetables, tropical fruit, okra 

No exposure (crops do not bloom or bloom not attractive to bees): 

10. Leafy Vegetables: amaranth, arugula, cardoon, celery, celtuce, chervil, Chinese celery, 

chrysanthemum, corn salad, cress, cress, dandelion, dock, endive, Florence fennel, lettuce, 

orach, parsley, purslane, radicchio, rhubarb, spinach, swiss chard 

1 1. Brassica Leafy vegetables: broccoli, broccoli raab, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, 

cavalo~broccoli, Chinese broccoli, Chinese cabbage, Chinese mustard cabbage, collards, kale, 

kohlrabi, mizuna, mustard greens, mustard spinach, rape greens 

12. Others: hops, Christmas tree plantations 

Potential hazard from exposure which cannot be mitigated by labeling: 
Cotton: Because cotton has extrafloral nectaries which produce nectar throughout the growing 

season, bees are attracted to the crop even after actual bloom has ceased. Thus, bee precautions 

based on bloom do not mitigate the hazard. The following websites discuss the nature of 

extrafloral nectaries in cotton: 

One remaining area of uncertainty is the potential for carryover in treated fruit and nut trees from 

one season to the next. There is data to show that certain other systemics, such as imidacloprid, 

may remain in treated woody ornamentals at significant levels for periods greater than one year. 

It is therefore possible that post-bloom application(s) may leave plant incorporated residues in 

the plant tissue that could be expressed in blossoms of the following year, in which case 

exposure could not be precluded. 

The following paragraphs, taken from the 0811 011 0 memo, summarize the discussion: 

"EFED identifies that the period of concern for spirotetramat applications, given its 

systemic nature, is the period before bloom, during bloom, and until petal fall is 

complete. Therefore, EFED believes that the label statement, "Do not apply until after 

petal fall", will be sufficiently protective for most crops. Given the systemic nature of 

spirotetramat, however, there is uncertainty regarding the potential for carry-over of 

residues from one growing season to the next for tree crops. Thus, studies should be 

conducted to determine whether residues will remain in tree crops following post petalfall application of spirotetrarnat in the previous season at the maximum application rate. 

BCS should consult with EPA in development of the protocols for these studies. 

For citrus, EFED suggests that the original label statement, "Do not apply this product 

within 10 days prior to bloom, during bloom, or until petal fall is complete", may be 

used. Data should be submitted to EPA to confirm and quantify levels of residues in 

citrus leaves, pollen, and nectar after applications at different times before bloom. The 

purpose of the study is to evaluate residue levels at 10 days before bloom and prior to 10 

days before bloom in order to better evaluate exposure to bees, and, if necessary, to 

revise the appropriate pre-bloom "window" necessary to protect pollinators. Again, study 

protocols should be developed through consultation with EPA. 

The previous requirement for a pollinator field study with spirotetramat will be placed in 

reserve, pending the outcome of the residue studies. Should the residue studies indicate 

potential for pollinator exposure in spite of the application restrictions, field studies may 

be required." 
For more detailed discussion of this subject, please see the EFED memo dated 08/10/10 

(DP3 8061 7). 
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

PC Code: 39220 1 

DP Barcodes: D380140 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: December 2nd, 2010 

SUBJECT: Section 18 Request for Use of Spirotetramat in the State of Minnesota for Use on 

Dry Bulb Onions to Control Thrips. 

FROM: Joseph Decant, Ecologist 

Jose L. MelCndez, Chemist 

Environmental Risk Branch 5 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

THROUGH: Mah Shamim, Ph.D, Branch Chief 

/a/W3 

Environmental Risk Branch 5 

Environmental Fate and Effects 

TO: Keri Grinstead, Risk Manager Reviewer 

Marcel Howard, Risk Manager 

Risk Integration, Minor Use and Emergency Response Branch 

Registration Division (7505P) 

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed its review of a Section 18 

Emergency Exemption request for the use of Spirotetramat [MOVENTOTM (suspension 

concentrate) (Reg. No. 264-1 050)] on dry bulb onions to control thrips on approximately 275 

acres in the State of Minnesota during the 2010 growing season. MOVENTOTM contains 22.4% 

active ingredient in the formulation. The Minnesota Department of Agriculture has requested this 

use under a section 18 exemption. Applications can be made by both aerial and ground methods. 

Application rates should not exceed more than a total of 0.16 lb a.i./A per season. Two 

applications may be made at 0.08 lb a.i./A at a minimum of a 7 day interval. The conclusions of 

risk in a previous Section 3 assessment (D345278) attached below can be used in place of the 

current Section 18. Application rates were the same (refer to Table 1 below) and aquatic EECs 

were similar (refer to Table 2 below), thus risks should be similar. Also attached are a sample 
output from PRZMIEXAMS (Appendix A) and a listing of endangeredlthreatened species that 

may be affected under the current Section 18 should exposure occur (Appendix B). 

Spirotetramat (CAS No. 2033 13-25-5; CAS Name cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo1 -azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate; IUPAC Name cis-4-(ethoxycarbony1oxy)-8- 

methoxy-3-(2,5-xyly1)- 1 -azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one) is a systemic broad spectrum tetramic 

acid insecticide (ketoenole) that is applied as a preventative treatment during an early threshold 

of developing chewing insect populations when sufficient leaf tissue is present for uptake and 

translocation to occur within agricultural crops. Spirotetramat's mode of action is lipid 

biosynthesis inhibition (LBI), which is classified as a Group 23 Insecticide. 

EFED has reviewed the Section 18 request and concluded, based on a previous assessment using 

the same application rates, that the proposed label for dry bulb onions results in exposures 

exceeding Levels of Concern (LOCs) for risk to endangered and non-endangered terrestrial 

invertebrates as well as chronic risk to endangered and non-endangered avian species, and those 

species for which birds serve as a surrogate. Currently, the Agency does not quantitatively 

evaluate the potential exposure and risk of pesticides to terrestrial invertebrates for screening 

level assessments. However, risks to non-target listed and non-listed invertebrates cannot be 

precluded. Although the intrinsic hazard potential to bees based on the acute oral and contact 

studies with honey bees appears to be low, brood feeding tests with bees and acute toxicity 

contact studies with non-target arthropods (e.g. parasitoid wasps and predatory mites) conducted 

at less than the maximum application rate suggest there is potential for mortality in adults and 

pupae, massive perturbation of brood development, and early brood termination as a result of 

spirotetramat use. In addition, data on two other chemicals representing the ketoenole class of 

compounds (spiromesifen and spirodiclofen) also demonstrate that compounds with this mode of 

action (i. e., inhibition of lipid biosynthesis) may adversely affect bee broods and development 

while displaying low acute toxicity. This product is potentially toxic to honey bee larvae through 

residues in pollen and nectar, but not to adult honey bees. Exposure of adult bees to direct 

treatment or residues on blooming crops can lead to effects on honey bee larvae. Dry bulb onions 

are harvested prior to bloom, thus bees will not be exposed to direct application to the crop. 

However, because aerial applications are allowed, areas adjacent to the treated field may be 

exposed to drift, resulting in possible exposure of foraging bees. 

Considering the potential hazard to pollinators, EFED recommends the following mitigation 

measures: 

1) To minimize drift to adjacent fields, use ground application whenever possible; 

2) Provide notification to local beekeepers when applying this chemical; 

3) Adhere to the existing bee precaution labeling: Do not apply this product or allow it to 

drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. 

For future reference, recommendations for mitigation could be refined if the following 

information were made available: 

1) Information on crops grown in fields adjacent to the onion fields, to determine if nearby 

crops are bee pollinated; and, 
2) Information on rotational crops to follow onions, to determine if rotational crops are bee 

pollinated. 

1 Section 18 use on dry bulb onion in 

MN 

Citrus Fruit (Crop Group 10, including 

calamondin, citrus citron, citrus hybrids like 

chironja, tangelo and tangor, grapefruit, 

kumquat, lemon, lime, mandarin or tangelo, 

sweet and sour orange, pummelo, Satsuma 

mandarin, and others) 

Grape (including American bunch grape, 

muscadine grape and vinifera grape) 

Grape and Small Fruit Vine Climbing 

(except kiwifruit) (including American 

bunch grape, muscadine grape and vinifera 

grape) 

0.08 

0.16 

0.125 

0.12 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Pome Fruit (Crop Group 1 1, including 

apple, crabapple, loquat, mayhaw, pear, 

oriental pear, quince) 

Stone Fruit (Crop Group 12, including 

apricot, sweet and tart cheny, nectarine, 

peach, plum-various kinds, plumcot and 

fresh 

-- 

and dried prune) 

0.4 

0.24 

0.34 

0.2 

--- 

0.32 

0.16 

0.16 

0.32 

0.2 

0.2 

0.14 

0.14 

7 

14 

14 

14 

3 

2 

7 

21 

30 

30 

----- 

3 

2 

2 

Tree Nuts (Crop Group 14 plus pistachio, 

- T0.14 

including almond, beechnut, Brazil nut, 

butternut, cashew, chestnut, chinquapin, 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

filbert-hazelnut, hickoly nut, macadamia 

nut-bush nut, pecan, pistachio, walnut-black 

and English) 

Hops 

Christmas Trees 

7 

7 

7 

G, A (foliar 

application) 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

G*, A, 

Airblast 

0.10 

0.16 

Cucurbit Vegetables [Crop Group 9, 

including chayote, Chinese waxgourdChinese preserving melon, citron melon, 

cucumber, gherkin, gourd-various kinds, 

Momordica spp-includes various kinds, 

muskmelon (various kinds like cantaloupe, 

casaba, Crenshaw melon, melon, honeydew 

melon, Persian melon, pineapple melon, 

snake melon, and others), pumpkin, squash 

(includes summer type squash like scallop 

squash, zucchini and others, and winter type 

squash like acorn squash, calabaza and 

others), and watermelon (includes hybrids)] 

Airblast 

14 

7 

1 

7 

1 

0.08 2 7 G, A, 

Chemigation 

1 
Fruiting Vegetables (Crop Group 8 plus 0.08 

okra including eggplant, groundcheny, okra, 

pepinos, pepper-various kinds, tomatillo and 

tomato) 

I 

I Leafy Vegetables (Crop Group 4 0.08 

including amaranth-various kinds, arugularoquette, cardoon, celery, celtuce, chervil, 

Chinese celery, chrysanthemum, corn salad, 

garden cress, cress-various kinds, dandelion, 

sorrel dock, endive, Florence fennel, lettucehead and leaf, orach, parsley, garden and 

winter purslane, radicchio-red chicory, 

rhubarb, spinach-various kinds, SWISS chard) 

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables (Crop 0.08 

Group 5 including broccoli raab, Brussels 

sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cavalo 

broccolo, Chinese broccoli, Chinese 

cabbage, Chinese mustard cabbage, collards, 

kale, kohlrabi, mizuna, mustard greens, 

mustard spinach, rape greens, turnip greens) 

Potato and Other Tuberous and Corm 

Vegetables (Crop Subgroup 1C including 

arracacha, arrowroot, artichoke-Chinese and 

Jerusalem, edible canna, bider and sweet 

cassava, chayote-root, chufa, dasheen-taro, 

ginger, leren, potato, sweetpotato, tanier, 

turmeric, yam bean, true yam) 

/ *High air velocity, low volume or air curtain sprayers. 1 

EFED also previously reviewed proposed supplemental labeling for use of Spirotetramat 240 SC 

Greenhouse and Nursery InsecticideIMiticide on ornamentals, fruit and nut trees, and vegetable plants in 

greenhouses, nurseries, and interior plantscapes (EPA Reg. No. 432-RUTR) (DP Barcode D338103). 

Finally, Table 2 shows a comparison of previously assessed crops (tomatoes represent fruiting 

vegetables while potatoes represent the group of potatoes and other tuberous and corm 

vegetables). Note that the EECs are similar. CA and GA onion are the two standard onion 

scenarios and are suitable for national assessments; thus, they can be used to represent MN 
Table 2. Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) of Spirotetramat 

Crop ScenarioaIApp. ratelNo. 

Appsflnt. Between Apps. Peak (ppb) 21 day (ppb) 60-day (ppb) 

Previous Assessment (DP Barcode 345278) 

PA tomatoes aeriall 

0.1 61 21 7 0.254 0.0482 0.01 69 

ID potatoes aeriall 

0.1 61 21 7 0.244 0.0475 0.01 67 

Section 18 Emergency Exemption (also refer to DP Barcode 362204+) 

CA onion aeriall 

0.081 21 7 0.232 0.0440 0.0154 

GA onion aeriall 

0.081 21 7 0.294 0.0492 0.01 73 

a A chosen representative scenario for spray applications of spirotetramat to agricultural crops. 

Application rate in Ib a.i.lA and interval between applications in days. 
Appendix A. PRZM/EXAMS Inputs and EECs 

Background Information on PRZMmXAMS: 

The Tier 2 aquatic model employs PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model; version 3.12.2 compiled May 12, 

2005) and EXAMS (Exposure Analysis Modeling System; version 2.98.04.06, compiled April.25, 2005). 

PRZM simulates processes such like runoff and erosion from an agricultural or otherwise field on a daily 

time step. The runoff and erosion flux output data from PRZM are used as chemical loadings to the 

EXAMS surface water program in order to predict the EECs. A graphical interface (PES.pl, v. 5.0, 

November 15, 2006, http:llwww.epa.~ov/oppefed I/models/water/ index.ht1~1 ) was used. 

The program PE5.pl is a graphical interface (shell) used by the Office of Pesticides Program (OPP) to 

facilitate putting chemical and use-specific input values into the proper positions in the PRZM input (inp) 

and the EXAMS chemical files. Once the inputs have been entered, the interface creates the necessary 

input and run files, calls up PRZM and EXAMS, runs the programs, and creates the output files, just as 

the DOS versions does. 

PRZM is a one-dimensional, dynamic, compartmental model that can be used to simulate chemical 

movement in unsaturated soil systems within and immediately below the plant root zone. It has two 

major components: hydrology (and hydraulics) and chemical transport. The hydrologic component for 

calculating runoff and erosion is based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number technique and the 

Universal Soil Loss Equation. Evapotranspiration is estimated either directly from pan evaporation data, 

or based on an empirical formula. Water movement is simulated by the use of generalized soil. parameters, including field capacity, wilting point, and saturation water content. 

The chemical transport component can simulate pesticides or other chemicals. For pesticides, the 

transport component can simulate pesticide application on the soil or on the plant foliage. Biodegradation 

can also be considered in the root zone. Dissolved, adsorbed, and vapor-phase concentrations in the soil 

are estimated by simultaneously considering the processes of pesticide uptake by plants, surface runoff, 

erosion, decay, volatilization, foliar washoff, advection, dispersion, and retardation. 

EXAMS is an interactive software application for formulating aquatic ecosystem models and rapidly 

evaluating the fate, transport, and exposure concentrations of synthetic organic chemicals including 

pesticides, industrial materials, and leachates from disposal sites. EXAMS is a model that has a set of 

process modules that link fundamental chemical properties to limnological processes that control the 

kinetics and transport of chemicals in aquatic systems. It provides facilities for steady state or long-term 

evaluation of chronic chemical discharges, initial-value approaches for studying short-term contaminant 

releases, and full kinetic simulations that allow for monthly variation in mean climatological factors, and 

changes in contaminant loadings on daily time scales. It is fairly and relatively complex model that 

requires more input variables, ranging from hydro-geological and weather data to pesticide 

physicochemical properties, mobility coefficients, and degradation rate constants in the aqueous and 

sediment phases. 

uspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 
Table A.1. Input Parameters Utilized in PRZMIEXAMS for Spirotetramat. The only applicable 

crop is onion. 

Comments 

Label application rate: 

Ib a.i./A: 

CA onion 0.08 x 2 

GA onion 0.08 x 2 

Estimated from metadata file and 

proposed labels. 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

Sources 

Label 

Label PHI: 

CA onion 7 

GA onion 7 

Label 

Label 

Parameter (units) 

Application Rate 

Day of Application (day-month) 

Number of Applications Allowed 

Minimum Interval between 

Applications (days) 

Value(s) 

Label application rate: 

kg a.i./ha 

CA onion 0.0897 x 2 

GA onion 0.0897 x 2 

CA onion 1 1-05 

GA onion 11-05 

CA onion 2 

GA onion 2 

CA onion 7 

GA onion 7 

IPSCND (Flag indicating the 

disposition of pesticide remaining 

on foliage after harvest) 

DEPl = Incorporation Depth (cm) 

Kd (mL/g) 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (days) 

Method of Application 

7 

Buffer Zone (ft.) 

Application Efficiency (fraction) 

Spray Drift (fraction) 

Solubility in Water (ppm) 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(days) 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(days) 

Hydrolysis at pH 7 half-life (days) 

1 

0.0 

4.39 

0.298 

Aerial 

NIA 

0.95 (for aerial application) 

0.05 (for aerial application) 

335 

1.07 

8.4 

13.1 

Label 

Label 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD 

Annex B. 

S~irOtetramat. B.8 Fate 

and BehaviOur 

Label 

Label 

--- 

--- 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD 

Annex B. 

S~irOtetramat. B.8 Fate 

and BehaviOur 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat, B,8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD Mono ra 

2, linear foliar based on crop 

canopy 

1, pesticide remaining on foliage is 

converted to surface application to 

the top soil layer 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

The average Kd value, as per EFED 

guidance on input parameters for 

PRZM/EXAMS dated 2128102. 

The Kd value represents better the 

mobility of spirotetramat (relative 

standard deviation is smaller). 

Represents the 90" percentile of 

the upper confidence bound on the 

mean of four half-life values (FL 

SL; tli2= 0.30 days, SL; tli2= 0.24 

days, SiL; tin= 0.26 days, Si; tl;2= 

0.09 days) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02, 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 and AgDRlFT 

output 

10X the actual solubility as per 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMIEXAMS, 

Represents the 90" percentile of 

the upper confidence bound on the 

mean of two half-life values (L 

sediment; tliZ=l .06 days, LS 

sediment; tli2=1 .05 days) 

Determined by multiplying the 

calculated half-life (2.8 days) by 3 

to account for the uncertainty 

associated with using a single 

value. 

EFED guidance on input 
Table A.2. Estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of spirotetramat 

Crop Scenarioa/App. 

Table A.1. Input Parameters Utilized in PRZM/EXAMS for Spirotetramat. The only applicable 

crop is onion. 

. . 

ratel~o. Appstlnt. 

Between ~pps. Peak (ppb) 21 day (ppb) 60-day (ppb) 

Previous Assessment (DP Barcode 345278, for comparison) 

Parameter (units) 

Aqueous Photolysis @, pH 7 

(days) 

Molecular Weight (glmole) 

Vapor Pressure (ton or mmHg) 

Henry's Law Constant 

(atm-m3/mol) 

Environment 

Field Size 

Runoff 

FEXTRC, Foliar extraction 

PA tomatoes aeriall 

0.1 61 21 7 0.254 0.0482 0.01 69 

ID potatoes aeriall 

0.161 21 7 0.244 0.0475 0.01 67 

Section 18 Emergency Exemption 

CA onion aeriall 

0.081 21 7 0.232 0.0440 0.01 54 

Value(s) 

14.4 

373.45 

4,2x10-~~ 

6.90x10~" 

pond298.e~~ 

Pond 

none 

0.5 

GA onion aeriall 

0.081 21 7 0.294 0.0492 0.01 73 

PLDKRT. Decay rate on foliage 

PLVKRT, Volatilization rate from 

foliage 

UPTKF. Uptake factor 

Write Benthic Pore Water 

Concentrations? 

" A chosen representative scenario for spray applications of spirotetramat to agricultural crops. 

Application rate in Ib a.i.lA and interval between applications in days. 

Sources 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

Comments 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 and AgDRIFT 

output 

t,;?= 14.4 Phoenix, AZ days, 

maximum dark-controlled 

available value 

0 

0 

0 

N/A 

OECD Monograph Annex B. Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate and 

Behaviour 

OECD Monograph Annex B. Spirotetramat. 8.8 Fate and 

Behaviour 

OECD Monograph Annex B. Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate and 

Behaviour 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZM/EXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

NIA because the Koc's and Kd's 

are relatively small for 

spirotetramat. 

Default for std. pond scenario, as 

opposed to index reservoir. 

--- 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 
Total Residues of Spirotetramat (Spirotetramat + Spirotetramat-en01 + Spirotetramat-ketohydroxy 

+ Non-extracted Residues) 

Table A.3. Input Parameters for PRZMIEXAMS for the Estimation of the EECs of Spirotetramat + 

Degradates of Concern (Total Residues: Spirotetramat + Spirotetramat-en01 + Spirotetramatketohydroxy + Non-extracted Residues) for a single selected crop. 

1 I 1 ( (suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. I 

Parameter (units) 

Output File Name 

Chemical Name 

Value(s) 

SPIROTET 

Spirotetramat 

Crop Names 

Aoolication . . Rate 

Day of Application (day-month) 

Number of Applications 

Sources 

--- 

Label 

FL avocado 

FL avocado 0.1345 x 2 and 

Minimum lnterval between 

Applications (days) 

CAM (Chemical application 

I 1 1 sdirotetramat-ketohydroxy (ielative I 

Comments 

--- 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

0.1793 kg a.i.iha 

FL avocado 18-10 

FL avocado 3 

method) 

lPSCND (Flag indicating the 

disposition of pesticide remaining 

on foliage after harvest) 

DEPl = Incorporation Depth (cm) 

Kd (mL/g) 

Koc (mL/goc) 

Label 

Label 

FL avocado 14 

2 

264-1050) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

FL avocado 0.12 x 2 and 0.16 Ib 

Label PHI: 

FL avocado 1 day 

Label 

1 

0.0 

65.32 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (days) 

Method of Application 

Buffer Zone (ft.) 

Application Efficiency (fraction) 

Spray Drift (fraction) 

Solubility in Water (ppm) 

a.i./A 

Estimated from metadata file and 

proposed labels. 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

Label 

Label 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1 050) 

2, linear foliar based on crop 

Label 

OECD ~~~~~~~~h 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

Total Residues 222.3 days 

Aerial 

NIA 

0.95 for aerial application 

0.05 for aerial application 

2280 

canopy 

I, pesticide remaining on foliage is 

converted to surface application to 

the top soil layer 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1 050) 

The average Koc value, as per 

EFED guidance on input 

for PRZM/EXAMS 

dated 2/28/02. The Kd value 

represents better the mobility of 

OECD 

Annex B. 

S~irOtetramat. B.8 Fate 

and BehaviOur 

Label 

Label 

--- 

--- 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

snirntetrama+ R R 

standard deviation is smaller). 

Represents the 90~ percentile of 

the upper confidence bound on the 

mean of four half-life values for 

the total residues of the enol,the 

ketohydroxy and the non-extracted 

residues (all possible significant 

figures used, use of log-linear 

parameters) (b2= 203.82 days, tllz 

= 169.02 days, tl12= 161.16 days. 

fli2= 203.82 days; mean = 184.455 

days; std. dev. 22.58984 days). 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No. 

264-1050) 

Proposed label MOVENTOTM 

(suspension concentrate) (Reg. No 

264-1050) 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02. 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMIEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 and AgDRIFT 

output 

1OX the actual solubility of the 

ketohydroxy, the more stable of the 

three 'pecies, as per EFED 
Table A.3. Input Parameters for PRZMIEXAMS for the Estimation of the EECs of Spirotetramat + 

Degradates of Concern (Total Residues: Spirotetramat + Spirotetramat-en01 + SpirotetramatComments 

guidance on input parameters for 

PRZMIEXAMS. 

For the parent + enol + 

ketohydroxy + non-extracted 

residues, represents the 90' 

percentile of the upper confidence 

bound on the mean of two half-life 

values 385.00; 693.00, 141.43, 

256.67 days; std, dev = 237.794 

days, mean = 369.025 days (use of 

log-linear parameters). 

The enol is stable and there are no 

adequate data on the ketohydroxy; 

the most conservative scenarto is 

presumed 

The enol is stable and there are no 

adequate data on the ketohydroxy; 

the most conservative scenario is 

presumed. 

The enol and the ketohydroxy are 

not photodegradates; therefore, the 

most conservative scenario is 

presumed, 

B. Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate and 

ketohydroxy + Non-extracted 

Parameter (units) 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(days) 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(days! 

Hydrolysis at pH 7 half-life (days) 

Aqueous Photolysis @ pH 7 

(days) 

Molecular Weight (glmole) 

Vapor Pressure (ton or mmHg) 

Henry's Law Constant 

(atm-m3/mol) 

Environment 

Field Size 

Runoff 

FEXTRC, Foliar extraction 

PLDKRT, Decay rate on foliage 

PLVKRT, Volatilization rate from 

foliage 

UPTKF, Uptake factor 

Write Benthic Pore Water 

Concentrations3 

Residues) for a single 

Value(s) 

Total Residues 563.3 days 

OVERALL - Stable 

OVEKALL -Stable 

OVERALL - Stable 

373.45 

selected crop. 

Sources 

and Behaviour 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

S~irotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat, B,8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

Spirotetramat. B,8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD Monograph 

Annex B. 

S~irotetramat. B.8 Fate 

and Behaviour 

OECD Monograph Annex 

4,2x1 0-1 I 

6.90~10'" 

pond298.e~~ 

Pond 

none 

0.5 

0 

0 

0 

N/A 

Behaviour 

OECD Monograph Annex B. Spirotetramat. 8.8 Fate and 

Behaviour 

OECD Monograph Annex B. Spirotetramat. B.8 Fate and 

Behaviour 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

--- 

Default for pond scenario, as 

opposed to index reservoir. 

--- 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

EFED guidance on input 

parameters for PRZMEXAMS 

dated 2/28/02 

NIA because the Koc's and Kd's 

are relatively small for 

spirotetramat. 
Table B.4. Estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of spirotetramat 

plus residues of concern (including NER) (ppb) for a single selected crop. 

Crop ScenarioalApp. 

rate/No. Appsllnt. ppb 

Between ~pp s. Peak 21 day 60day 

FL avocado aerial1 

0.1 2+0.12+0.141 31 4.89 4.84 4.78 

14 

" A chosen representative scenario for spray applications of spirotetramat to agricultural crops. 

Application rate in Ib a.i./A and interval between applications in days. 

FROM METADATA FILES 

CALIFORNIA ONION - used as a surrogate for MN 

The field used to represent onion production in California is located in Kern County in the San 

Joaquin Valley, although onion production areas are quite extensive (San Joaquin, CoastalIntermediate Region, Imperial Valley, southern and central coastal regions, the high desert areas 

of Los Angeles County and the northern mountain valleys). According to the 1997 Census of 

Agriculture, California is the major producer of onions for the market. Bulb onions are planted 

from September through May and harvesting begins in April or May and completed by 

September. Onions are cools season, biennial plants that are commercially grown as an annual. 

Most onions are direct seeded, but transplants are used in some fall planted fields for an earlier 

harvest of short-day and intermediate-day varieties and to achieve uniform , jumbo-sized bulbs. 

Seeds are planted uniformly at 2 to 3 inches between plants in a row. Onions are most 

commonly grown in multiple rows on raised beds 40 to 42 inches wide, but some production 

areas use 36-inch wide beds or beds of 60 to 80 inches. Distribution of rows across beds varies 

depending on irrigation method and planter. With drip and sprinkler irrigation (most common 

types), rows are spaced equidistant across the bed at approximately 4-inch intervals. When 

furrow irrigation is used, the center of the bed is left vacant for salt accumulation with 2 or 3 

rows planted on either side. Plant canopy can approach 100 percent in some narrow row fields 

grown under drip irrigation. Irrigation is required to avoid seed or plant dry out. Generally 24 to 

36 inches of irrigated water per year is sufficient. Onions can grow on a wide range of soils. 

The soil selected to represent the field is Ciervo clay. Ciervo clay, is a fine, semetic, thermic 

Vertic Haplocambids. These soils are often used for onion and other truck crop production under 

irrigation. Ciervo clay is a very deep, moderately well drained, medium to high runoff soil on 

fan skirts that formed in alluvium mainly from sedimentary rocks at elevation of 170 to 735 feet 

above mean sea level. The Ciervo clay has very slow permeability. Slopes range from 0 to 2 

percent. The soil is of large extent in MLRA 17. Ciervo clay is a Hydrologic Group D soil. 

GEORGIA ONION - used as a surrogate for MN 

The field used to represent Vidalia or Sweet Onion production in Georgia is located in Toombs 

County in Southeastern Georgia. Vidalia Onion can only be legally grown in Southeastern 

Georgia, in the counties of: Appling, Bacon, Jeff Davis, Montgomery, Tattnall, Telfair,Toombs, 

Truetlen and Wheeler, and in parts of Dodge, Jenkins, Laurens, Long, Pierce, Screven, and 

Wayne Counties (Federal Market Order 955) . 
Toombs County, Georgia is representative of the Vidalia onion growing region of Southeastern 

Georgia. Toombs County is located in the Southern Coastal Plain (MLRA 133A) as are many of 

the Vidalia Onion growing counties. However some of these counties (i.e., Bacon, Wayne) also 

extend into Atlantic Coastal Flatwoods (MLRA 153A). 

According to the 1999-2001 PASS, htt~://www.usda.rov/nass/pubs/a~r02/02 ch4.pdf) Georgia 

is a major producer of onions. Vidalia onions are typically planted from mid-September (Sept. 

20) through mid-October (Oct. 20) and harvesting begins in mid-June (June 15). Onions are cool 

season, biennial plants that are commercially grown as an annual. Most onions are direct seeded, 

but transplants are used in some fall planted fields for an earlier harvest of short-day and 

intermediate-day varieties and to achieve uniform , jumbo-sized bulbs. Seeds are planted into 6 

foot wide raised beds, with a 4- to 6-inch within row spacing and 10- to 18-inch spacing between 

rows (Granberry and Kelly, 2000). Distribution of rows across beds varies depending on 

irrigation method and planter. All commercial grown onions in Georgia are irrigated (Harrison, 

2001). Irrigation should be light and frequent until the onion plants are established. The onion 

has a shallow root system, with most of the roots in the top 12 inches of soil. Onions continue to 

grow new roots (3 to 4 per week) throughout the entire growing season. Maintaining proper soil 

moisture in the upper 3 to 4 inches of the soil is critical for continuous root growth and for 

supplying the needs of the foliage and bulb. Depending upon soil type, temperature, wind 

velocity and rainfall, 0.10 to 0.25 inches of irrigation may be required daily. Boyhan et al. (1 999) 

and Granberry and Kelley (2000) provide more specific information concerning the irrigation of 

onions in Georgia). Between 10 and 12 inches of irrigation water were reportedly applied 

vegetable crops in Georgia, during the year 2000 (Harrison, 2001). Almost all onions in Georgia 

are sprinkler-irrigated. The over-canopy irrigation routine (IRTYP 3) is used in this PRZM 

scenario. The ideal range for soil moisture is between 5 and 30 centibars. Readings above 30 

centibars indicates the soil is becoming dry and irrigation should be applied (Harrison, 2001). 

Onions can be grown on a wide range of soils. The soil selected to represent the field is 

Clarendon. Clarendon loamy sand is a fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic 

Paleudults. These soils are often used for growing tobacco, cotton, corn, soybeans, small grain, 

and pasture grasses. Forested areas are mostly pine with scattered hardwoods. The Clarendon 

series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slow runoff, loamy soils that formed in 

marine sediments. The Clarendon loamy sand has moderately slow permeability. Slopes range 

from 0 to 6 percent. The soil extends along the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and 

South Carolina. The series is of large extent in MLRA 133A and 153A. Clarendon loamy sand is 

a Hydrologic Group C soil. The Clarendon soil was selected, because it is geographically 

associated with the competing soil Tifton loamy sand (Hydrologic Group B) which is also a 

suitable onion soil. Granberry and Kelley, (2000) indicated that Tifton soils are found in the 

Vidalia onion growing area and is well suited for onion production. The use and vegetation 

between the two series are similar. 

Metfile: W03 822.dvf (Savannah, GA) 

Sample Output File - CA onion 

stored as SPIROTET.out 

Chemical: Spirotetrarnat 
PRZM environment: CAonion-WirrigSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 12:43:34 

EXAMS environment: pond298.e~~ modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16:33:30 

Metfile: w23155.dvf modifiedwedday, 3 July2002 at09:04:20 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year 

1961 

1962 

1963 

1964 

1965 

1966 

1967 

1968 

1969 

1970 

1971 

1972 

1973 

1974 

1975 

1976 

1977 

1978 

1979 

1980 

1981 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

Peak 

0.2324 

0.2326 

0.2299 

0.2311 

0.2314 

0.2297 

0.2293 

0.2288 

0.2268 

0.2269 

0.2308 

0.2291 

0.2289 

0.2274 

0.2284 

0.2264 

0.2318 

0.2287 

0.228 

0.232 

0.2279 

0.2284 

0.2292 

0.2287 

0.2303 

0.23 

0.2281 

0.23 

0.2291 

0.2314 

96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0,1057 0.045770.01603 0.010690.002635 

0.1049 0.0452 0.01583 0.010550.002602 

0.09802 0.04147 0.01452 0.009681 0.002387 

0.1019 0.043790.01533 0.01022 0,002514 

0.09722 0.04093 0.01433 0.009556 0.002356 

0.09055 0.03742 0.0131 0.008733 0.002153 

0.09607 0.04032 0.01412 0.009412 0.002321 

0.094180.03935 0.01378 0.009186 0.002259 

0.08475 0.03462 0.01212 0.00808 0,001992 

0.08443 0.03438 0.01204 0.008024 0.001978 

0.1013 0.043270.015150.0101 0.002491 

0.08872 0.03659 0.012810.008541 0.0021 

0.08054 0.0324 0.01134 0.007561 0.001864 

0.08735 0.03626 0.01269 0.008462 0.002087 

0.08807 0.03623 0.01268 0.008455 0.002085 

0.08204 0.03343 0.0117 0.007803 0.001919 

0.1027 0.044 0.015410.01027 0,002533 

0.08803 0.0362 0.01267 0.008449 0.002083 

0.08305 0.03375 0.01182 0.007877 0.001942 

0.1025 0.04376 0.01533 0.01022 0.002512 

0.09024 0.037510.01314 0.008757 0.002159 

0.082 0.03316 0.011610.007739 0.001908 

0.09575 0.04029 0.014110.009405 0.002319 

0.0884 0.03643 0.01276 0.008504 0.002091 

0.099650.04228 0.0148 0.009870.002434 

0.09366 0.03907 0.01368 0.00912 0.002249 

0.089490.037110.012990.008663 0.002136 

0.098610.042 0.014710.009806 0.002411 

0.0958 0.04018 0.01407 0.009379 0.002313 

0.09804 0.041180.014420.009614 0.00237 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 

0.032258064516129 

0.0645161290322581 

0.0967741935483871 

0.129032258064516 

0.161290322580645 

0.193548387096774 

0.225806451612903 

0.258064516129032 

0.290322580645161 

0.32258064516129 

0.354838709677419 

0.387096774193548 

0.419354838709677 

0.451612903225806 

0.483870967741936 

0.516129032258065 

0.548387096774194 

0.580645161290323 

0.612903225806452 

0.645161290322581 

0.67741935483871 

0.709677419354839 

0.741935483870968 

0.774193548387097 

0.806451612903226 

0.838709677419355 

0.870967741935484 

0.903225806451613 

21 Day 

0.2326 

0.2324 

0.232 

0.2318 

0.2314 

0.2314 

0.2311 

0.2308 

0.2303 

0.23 

0.23 

0.2299 

0.2297 

0.2293 

0.2292 

0.2291 

0.2291 

0.2289 

0.2288 

0.2287 

0.2287 

0.2284 

0.2284 

0.2281 

0.228 

0.2279 

0.2274 

0.2269 

60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.1057 0.045770.01603 0.010690.002635 

0.1049 0.0452 0.01583 0.01055 0.002602 

0,1027 0.044 0.015410.01027 0,002533 

0.1025 0,04379 0.01533 0.01022 0.002514 

0.1019 0.043760.01533 0.01022 0,002512 

0.1013 0,04327 0.01515 0.0101 0,002491 

0.09965 0.04228 0.0148 0.00987 0,002434 

0.098610.042 0.014710.009806 0.002411 

0.09804 0.041470.01452 0.009681 0.002387 

0.098020.04118 0.01442 0.009614 0.00237 

0.09722 0.04093 0.01433 0.009556 0.002356 

0.09607 0.04032 0.01412 0.009412 0.002321 

0.0958 0.040290.014110.009405 0.002319 

0.09575 0.04018 0.014070.009379 0.002313 

0.09418 0.03935 0.01378 0.009186 0.002259 

0.093660.039070.013680.00912 0.002249 

0.09055 0.037510.01314 0.008757 0.002159 

0.09024 0.037420.0131 0.008733 0.002153 

0.08949 0.037110.01299 0.008663 0.002136 

0.08872 0.03659 0.012810.008541 0.0021 

0.0884 0.03643 0.01276 0.008504 0.002091 

0.08807 0.03626 0.01269 0.008462 0.002087 

0.08803 0.03623 0.01268 0.008455 0.002085 

0.08735 0.0362 0.012670.008449 0.002083 

0.08475 0.03462 0.01212 0.00808 0.001992 

0.08443 0.03438 0.01204 0.008024 0.001978 

0.08305 0.033750.01182 0.007877 0.001942 

0.08204 0.03343 0.0117 0.007803 0.001919 
0.1 0.23198 0.10268 0.043979 0.015402 0.010265 0.0025311 

Average of yearly averages: 0.0022401 

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: SPIROTET 

Metfile: w23155.dvf 

PRZM scenario: CAonion-WirrigSTD.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond2 9 8 . exv 

Chemical Name: Spirotetramat 

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 373.45 g/mol 

Henryls Law Const. henry 6.9e-13 atm-mA3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 4.2e-lltorr 

Solubility sol 335 mg/L 

Kd Kd 4.39 mg/L 

KOC KOC mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 14.4 days Half-life 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1.07 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 8.4 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 0.298 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 13.1 days Half-life 

Method:CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 0.0897 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.05 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 11-05 dd/mm or dd/mrnm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app 

app. rate 1 apprate 0.0897 kg/ha 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 0 

Record 18 : PLVKRT 0 

PLDKRT 0 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 
Appendix B. Endangered species listings for dry bulb onion in Minnesota 

Species in Counties by State and Taxa 

No species were excluded 

Minimum of 1 Acre 

All Medium Types Reported 

Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Arachnid, Insect 

onions - dry 

Minnesota 

Minnesota 

Plover, Piping 

Charadnus rnelodus 

St. Louis 

Insect 

Butterfly, Karner Blue 

Lycaeides rnelissa samuelis 

Winona 

2 Species Affected: 

Inverse Name: 

Butterfly, Kamer Blue 

Plover, Piping 

Taxa: Co. 

lnsect 1 

Bird 1 

Status: 

Endangered 

Endangered 

No species were selected for exclusion. 

Dispersed species included in report. 

8/25/2010 11:39:36 AM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 1 of 1 
Listed Species Risks Associated With Direct or Indirect Effects Due to Applications 

of Spirotetramat 

Listed Taxonomy 

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic 

plants - monocots 

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic 

plants - dicots 

Terrestrial invertebratesc 

Mollusks I No data I NIA 

Direct Effects 

None 

Birds 

Terrestrial phase amphibiansb 

Reptiles 

Mammals 

Aquatic vascular plants 

Aquatic non-vascular plants a 

Freshwater fish 

Aquatic phase amphibiansb 

Marinelestuarine fish (chronic) I No data 1 N/A 

a At the present time no aquatic non-vascular plants are included in Federal listings of threatened and 

Indirect Effects 

None 

None 

Yes 

endangered species. The taxonomic group is included here for the purposes of evaluating potential 

contributions to indirect effects to other taxonomy and as a record of exceedances should future listings of 

non-vascular aquatic plants warrant additional evaluation of Federal actions. 

Terrestrial phase amphibians and reptiles estimated using birds as surrogates. Aquatic amphibians 

estimated using freshwater fish as surrogates. 

Endangered insects are not likely to be impacted if label precautions are followed. 

None 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes I 

None 

None 

None 

None 

None 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

None 

None 

None 

None 

None 

Freshwater crustaceans I None None