p. 1 

# OAR Box 1811 Prepped by Keeia Richards



## Document

Number: 

# 79 ) FE D RE G VO L 5 8 N O 22 3 NOVEMBE R 22,199 3 Docket Number: 

# A-84-2 2

Printed 10/30/20081:19:25 PM

Sheet 79of 82P. 3

6164 0 Federa l Registe r / Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s impac t o f th e propose drul e o n smal l busines s entities . Sectio n 605(b ) o

f th e Act , however , provide s tha t

sectio n 60 3 o

f th e Ac t "shal l no t appl y t o an y propose do r final rul e if

th e hea do

f th e Agenc y certifie s tha t

th e rul e wil l not , i f promulgated , hav e asignifican t economi c impac t

o n asubstantia l numbe r of smal l entities. " Pursuan t t o sectio n 605(b ) o

f th e Regulator

y Flexibilit y Act , 5 U.S.C . 605(b) , EP A certifie s tha t

thi s rul e wil l no t

hav e a significan t

economi c impac t

o n a substantia l numbe r

of smal l entities . Thi s rule , whic h exempt s th e OI G Hotlin e Allegatio n Syste mfro mcertai n provision s o

f th e Privac y Ac t

o f 1974 , will no t hav e an y economi c impac t o n smal l entities . Lis t o f Subject s i n 4 0 CF RPar t

1 6 Environmenta l protection , Privacy . Dated : Octobe

r 22,1993 . Caro l M. Browner , Administrator. Therefore , i t

i s propose dthat.4 0 CF

R part 1 6 b e amende da s follows : PAR T 16—[AMENDED ] 1 . Th e authorit y citatio n fo r par t 1 6 continue s t o rea da s follows : Authority : 5 U.S.C . 552a . 2 . Sectio n 16.1 4 i s amende db y revisin g paragrap h (a)(1 ) t o rea da s follows : § 16.1 4 Specifi c exemptions . (a ) Exemptions

under 5 U.S C. 552a(k)(2).—[l)

Systems

of records affected. EPA-2 Genera

l Personne l Records—EPA. EPA- 4 OI G Crimina l Investigativ

e Inde x an d Files—EPA/OIG. EPA- 5 OI G Personne

l Securit y Files—EPA

/ OIG . EPA-1 7 NEI

C Crimina l Investigativ

e Inde x an dFiles—EPA/NEIC/OCI. EPA-3 0 OI G Hotlin e Allegatio n System — EPA/OIG. **** * [F RDoc . 93-2862 0 Filed11-19-93 ; 8:4 5 am ] BILLIN G COD E 6560-60- P 4 0 CF R Part 5 1 [AD-FRL-4516-3 ] 

# 7^- F Preparation , Adoption , an d Submitta l o f Stat e Implementatio n Plans : Method s fo r Measuremen t of Visibl e Emission s AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . ACTION : Propose drul e an dnotic e of publi c hearing . SUMMARY : EP A i s toda y proposin g thre e method s fo

r Stat e Implementatio n Pla n (SIP) applications . Th e thre e propose d method s ar e visibl e emissio n tes t procedure s tha t

ar e t o b e include da s Method s 203A , 203B , an d203 C i n appendi x M . Th e dat areductio n procedure s i n existin g visibl e emissio n method s ar e no t

sufficien t fo r al l SIP applications . Thi s actio n provide s State s wit h a n expande darra y of dat a reductio n procedure s t o determin e complianc e wit h variou s type s o f Stat e implementatio n pla n (SIP) opacit y regulations . Thes e dat areductio n procedure s constitut e th e primar y differenc e betwee n th e existin g method , Metho d9 o

f appendi x A o

f 4 0 CF Rpar t 6 0 (Standard s o

f Performanc e fo

r Ne w Stationar y Sources ) an dMethod s 203A , 203B , an d203 C o

f appendi x M o

f par t 5 1 (Requirement s fo

r Preparation , Adoption , an dSubmitta l o f Implementatio n Plans) . Thi s actio n i s necessar y becaus e SIP opacit y regulation s may hav e certai n opacit y dat areductio n provision s tha t ar e no t consisten t

wit h th e dat aaveragin g procedure s specifie di n Metho d9 of

. nar t 60 . rf-jyDATES: Comments: Comment s mus t b e receive do n o r

before January 21,1994 . Public Hearing. I

f anyon e contact s EP A requestin g t o speak

a t apubli c hearin g b y Decembe r

13,1993 , apubli c hearin g wil l b e hel do n Decembe r 22 , 1993 , beginnin g a t

1 0 a.m . Person s intereste di n attendin g th e hearin g shoul dcontac t

Ms . Shelb y Journiga n o

f EP A a t (919 ) 541-554 3 t o verif

y tha t a hearin g wil l b e held . I

f ahearin g i s held , averbati mtranscrip t

wil l b e place di n th e docket . Request to Speak at Hearing. Person s wishin g t o presen t

ora l testimon y mus t contac t th e Branc h secretary a t

(919 ) -J541-554 3 b y Decembe r 13,1993 . "yfADDRESSES : Comments. Comment s shoul db e submitte d(i n duplicat e if possible ) to : Ai r

Docke t Sectio n (LE

131) , Attention , Docke t

No . A-84-22 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Street , SW. , Washington , D C 20460 . yu . • I *v-- ' Public Hearing. I f anyon e contact s &— O EP A requestin g apubli c hearing , i t wil l b e hel da t EPA' s Emissio n Measuremen t Laboratory Building , Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a27711 . Person s intereste di n attendin g th e hearin g o r , wishin g t o presen t

ora l testimon y shoul dnotif

y Ms . Shelb y Journigan , Emissio n Measuremen t

Branc h (MD

19) , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a27711 , (919 ) 541-5543 . Background

Information Documents. Th e Backgroun dInformatio n Documen t (BID ) fo r th e propose dstandar dmay b e obtaine dfro

mth e docke t

o r fro mth e U.S . EP A library (MD-35) , Researc h Triangl e Park , North Carolin a27711 , . telephon e numbe r

(919 ) 541-2777 . Docket. Docke t

No . A-84-22 , containin g supportin g informatio n use d i n developin g th e propose dmethods , i s availabl e fo

r publi c inspectio n an d copyin g betwee n 8:3 0 a.m . an d3:3 0 p.m. , Monda y throug h Friday , a t th e EPA' s Ai r Docke t Section , Watersid e Mall , roo m1500,1s t

Floor , 40 1 M Stree t SW. , Washington , DC 20460 . A reasonabl e fee ma

y b e charge dfo

r copying . FO R FURTHE

R INFORMATIO

N CONTACT

: Fo r furthe r informatio n concernin g th e propose drule , contac t

Mr . Ro y Huntle y a t (919 ) 541-106 0 o r

Mr . Pete r Westli n a t (919 ) 541-1058 , Emissio n Measuremen t

Branc h (MD-19) , Technica l Suppor t

Division , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a 27711 . SUPPLEMENTAR

Y INFORMATION

: Th e informatio n presente di n thi s preambl e i s organize da s follows : I . Backgroun

d A . Introduction B . Summar

y o f the 198 6 Proposa

l C . Comment

s on th e 198 6 Proposa

l D . 199 0 Promulgatio

n o f Par t 51 , Appendix M E. Additiona

l Technica l Wor k Sinc e the 198 6 Proposa

l , F . Accurac y o f Method s II . Propose dRevision s to the 198 6 Proposa l A . Summar

y o f Propose dRevision s B . Rational

e fo r Revision s t

o Propose d Metho dF- 1 C . Rational

e fo r Proposa l as a Recommende

dMetho di n 40 CF RPar t 5 1 D . Rational

e fo r Propose dProcedure s fo

r Fugitive Emission s Application s ' III . Administrative Requirements A . Docke t B . Offic e o f Managemen

t an dBudge t Review s C . Regulator

y Flexibilit y Ac t Compliance I . Backgroun d A. Introduction Sectio n 11 0 of

th e Clean Ai r

Ac t (CAA) , a s amende d(4 2 U.S.C . 7410) , specifie s tha t

State s ar e t o submi t

plan s fo r th e approva l of

EP A tha t provid e fo

r th e attainmen t

an dmaintenanc e o

f ai r qualit y standard s throug h contro l program s directe da t

source s of

ai r pollutants . Man y SIP' s includ e regulation s limitin g pollutan t emission s b y limitin g opacit y (i.e. , visibl e emissions) . Th e onl y genera l visibl e emissio n observatio n tes t

procedur e i n 4 0 CF

R par t 6 0 i s Metho d9 of

appendi x A . Metho d9 contain s procedure s fo r th e trainin g an dcertificatio n of observers ,P. 4

Federa l Registe r /

Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , "199 3 /

Propose dRule s 6164 1 fieldprocedure s fo

r th e determinatio n of plum e opacity , an dadat areductio n procedure . Th e EP A revise dMetho d9 o n Novembe r

12,197 4 (3 9 F

R39872) . I n th e preamble t o thatrevision , EP A recognize dtha t

th e Metho d9 dat a reductio n technique s wer e no t appropriat e fo

r som e type s of

SIP opacity regulations . Th e preambl e als o state dEPA' s inten t

t o propos e procedure s t o enforc e SIP limitation s tha t wer e no t adequatel y addresse db y Metho d9 . Suc h SIP limitation s includ e thos e wit h time-exceptio n provision s ( a limi t incorporatin g a n allowanc e of a specifie dnumbe r

o f minute s i n a n hou r i n whic h th e opacit y limi t ma y b e exceeded) , a s wel l a s thos e tha t specif y averagin g time s othe r

tha n 6 minutes . Also , Metho d9 di dno t

addres s dat a reductio n procedure s fo

r instantaneou s limitation s (sometime s calle dcaps ) o n visibl e emission s whic h ar e include di n som e SIP's . A 198 3 report , "Opacit y Regulations : Summar y of

Stat e Regulation s an d Rulemakin g Status " (Docke t No . A-84

- 22) , indicate dtha t

Stat e regulation s incorporatin g opacit y limit s includ e a variet y of type s of opacit y limits . Th e limit s generall y specif

y amaximu m opacit y tha t

asourc e i s allowe dt o emit , a s determine db y atraine dobserver . Som e regulation s limi t

opacit y fo

r a specifie dnumbe r

o f minute s i n a n hou r (tim e exception) , other s limi t opacit y level s a s average dove r

aspecifie d numbe r of minute s (tim e averaged) , an d other s specif

y limit s tha t

ar e neve r t o b e exceede d(instantaneou s limitation) . I n orde r t o provid e appropriat e dat a reductio n procedure s fo

r opacit y limit s tha t ar e inconsisten t

wit h Metho d9 , EP A propose dne w visibl e emissio n tes t procedure s fo

r evaluatin g complianc e wit h opacit y standard s o n Augus t 29 , 198 6 (5 1 F

R31076) . B. Summary of

the 1986 Proposal Th e 198 6 Federa l Registe r notic e propose dt o incorporat e ane w method , Metho dF-1 , int o ane w appendi x F (5 1 F R31076 , Augus t

29,1986) . Par t

5 2 o f 4 0 CF Rprovide s regulation s fo r variou s SI P requirements , suc h a s th e Federa l preventio n o

f significan t

deterioratio n (PSD ) program , an dothe r contro l programelements . Propose dMetho dF

1 containe dfieldan dobserve r certificatio n procedure s identica l t o thos e o f Metho d9 . Propose dMetho dF

1 an dMetho d9 differe donl y i n dat a reductio n procedure s fo

r determinin g complianc e wit h SI P regulation s tha t contai n time-exception , time-average d ( 2 minute s o r

greater) , an d instantaneou s limitations . Th e dat a reductio n procedure s i n propose d Metho dF- 1 wer e basedo n anumbe r o f metho dstudies . Th e 198 6 notic e als o discusse dth e accurac y of eac h of th e ne w procedure s (5 1 F

R31079 , Augus t 29,1986) . Th e 198 6 proposa l indicate dEP A woul dselec t

th e visibl e emissio n tes t metho dan ddat areductio n procedure s i n par t 5 2 tha t bes t ensure denforcemen t of th e SI P visibl e emissio n standar di n amanne r consisten t

wit h th e origina l languag e i n th e Federally-approve do r promulgate dSIP . Further , EP A woul d assum e tha t

aStat e intende da6-minut e averagin g tim e fo

r SI P opacit y regulation s wit h n o specifi c referenc e t o time-exception , time-averaged , o r instantaneou s limitations . C . Comments on the 1986 Proposal Th e EP A solicite dpubli c comment s o n propose dMetho dF- 1 an dreceive d 2 4 commen t

letter s fro

mpartie s representin g industry , utilities , trad e associations . Stat e an dloca l ai r pollutio n contro l agencies , an don e Federa l agency . Commenter s addresse d man y differen t

issues , som e o

f whic h hav e contribute dt o th e change s incorporate di n today' s propose d methods . Al l comment s addressin g eithe r th e originally-propose dMetho d F- 1 o r today' s actio n wil l b e addresse d a t th e tim e of

promulgation , an donl y thos e comment s directl y relate dt o th e change s mad e t o propose dMetho dF- 1 fo r incorporatio n int o Method s 203A , 203B , an d203 C ar e summarize di n thi s section . Propose dUs e of

Metho dF- 1 Affectin g Existin g Stat e Implementatio n Plan s Som e commenter s o n propose d Metho dF- 1 argue dtha t

usin g ane w metho di n determinin g complianc e wit h existin g opacit y standard s woul d constitut e achang e i n th e standard s themselves . Therefore , the y argue dtha t incorporatio n of

th e ne w metho d constitute dimprope r

rulemakin g procedures , sinc e previously-approve d SIP' s woul db e amende dwithou t adequat e notic e an dhearings . Th e commenter s furthe r

argue dtha t

becaus e existin g SIP' s eithe r

specifie dates t metho do r

assume dth e us e o

f Metho d 9 , th e ne w tes t

method , i f

applie dt o existin g SIP's , coul drende r existin g SE

P opacit y standard s mor e stringen t tha n originall y intended . Severa l commenter s expresse dparticula r

concer n tha t

th e appUcatio n of

th e propose dMetho dF

1 woul dmak e complianc e wit h time

exceptio n regulation s mor e difficul t tha n intende db y th e SIP's . Dat aReductio n Technique s Som e commenter s state dtha t for time-exceptio n standards , Metho dF- 1 woul deliminat e th e intende dlenienc y afforde db y Metho d9' s 6-minut e averaging . Othe r

commenter s state dtha t fo r instantaneou s standards , th e 2

- minut e averagin g tim e calle dfo r i n Metho dF- 1 woul db e inadequat e fo r enforcement , an dashorte r averagin g tim e wa s recommended . Admissibilit y of

Evidenc e Th e Metho dF- 1 proposa l state dtha t promulgatio n of

tes t method s i n par t

5 2 o r 6 0 o f 4 0 CF Ri s no t intende dt o alte r th e condition s of

admissibilit y of evidenc e t o prov e violation . Tw o commenter s state dtha t

includin g th e statemen t o n admissibilit y of

evidenc e wa s inappropriate . Th e commenter s state dtha t

decision s o n admissibilit y of evidenc e mus t

b e mad e b y th e courts . Nonproces s Fugitiv e Dus t Emission s One-thir dof

th e Metho dF- 1 commenter s state dtha t

th e applicatio n of th e propose dmetho dt o nonproces s fugitiv e dus t

emission s wa s premature . Th e commenter s recommende dfurthe r evaluatio n of

th e accurac y of

Metho dF

1 fo r thes e emissions , modificatio n o f observatio n procedures , an daverage d rathe r tha n aggregate ddat areductio n procedures . Commenter s referre dt o th e differenc e i n th e characte r o f th e fugitiv e emission s plum e an dth e increase dcomplexit y of

takin g visua l observation s fo

r fugitiv e emissions . D. 1990Promulgation of

Part 51, Appendix M I n aseparat e action , o n Apri l 17,199 0 (5 5 F R14246) , EP

A promulgate d Method s 20 1 an d201 A fo r th e measuremen t

o f stac k particulat e matte r wit h a n aerodynami c diamete r o f a nomina l 1 0 micrometer s (nm) (0.00039 3 inche s (in.) ) o r

les s (PM*o) . Thes e method s wer e include di n th e ne w appendi x M of

4 0 CF Rpar t 51 . Th e ne w appendi x M wa s designate da s a repositor y fo

r recommende dtes t method s fo

r SIP's . Unde r

th e sam e action , EP

A als o revise dsubpar t

K , 4 0 CF Rpar t 51 , t o direc t

State s t o appendi x M fo r recommende dtes t

methods , and * t o emphasiz e th e requiremen t tha t State s mus t

includ e enforceabl e tes t method s wit h eac h emissio n limi t i n th e SIP . Appendi x M i s entitle d "Recommende dTes t

Method s fo

r Stat e Implementatio n Plans " an dcontain s recommende dtes t

method s fo

r inclusio n i n SIP's . Recommende dtes t method s ar e method s tha t ar e no t sp*0ficall y require db y Federa l regulation s bu t

ar e promulgate db y EP

A an dar e availabl e fo

r us e b y States . State s ma y incorporat e appropriat e appendi x M tes t

method s int o thei r

### 6164 2 Federal Registe r / Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s P. 5



### SIP's , o r they ma y choos e an alternate method , subject

t o review an dapprova

l b y th e Administrator , a s state di n 4 0 CF R51.212(c) . State s ma

y als o us e any appropriat e metho di n appendi x A o

f 40 CE Rpar t 6 0 (40 CF R51.212(c)) . E. Additional

Technical

Work Since the 1986 Proposal Durin g th e interi mbetween th e proposa l o f Metho dF- 1 an dproposa

l o f Method s 203A , 203 B an d2G3C , technica l wor k ha s continue di n severa

l areas . First , th e technica

l analysi s o

f fugitiv e dus t procedures , underwa

y at th e tim e o f th e initia l proposal , wa s „ completed , an dthes e procedure s ar e include di n Method s 203A , 203B , an d 203C . Second , EP

A complete da collaborativ e stud

y o f th e effec t o f shorte r observatio n interval s begu

n i n 1986 , an darepor

t o f th e study' s conclusion s wa s adde dt o th e docke t (Docke t No . A-84-22) . Finally , EP

A ha s develope dsevera

l implementatio n tools , including , arevise dsampl e visibl e emission s observation (VEO ) form, t o assis t State s i n specifying th e appropriat e tes t metho dfor

th e opacit y limit propose di n th e SI

P o r SE P revision . F. Accuracy of

Methods th e datareduction procedure s include di n Method s 203A , 203B , an d 203 C diffe r fromMetho d9 ; therefore , EP A ha s evaluate dfield studie s an d othe r informatio n to determin e th e accurac y o f th e tes t procedure s fo

r time

averaged , time-exception , an d instantaneou s limitatio n regulations . A characterizatio n o

f th e error associate d wit h each metho dan ddiscussion s o f th e consideratio n o

f erro r i n establishin g opacit y regulation s ar

e include di n Docke t No . A-84-22 . Accuracy of

Method 203A (limeAveraged Regulations) Th e accurac y o

f tes t procedure s fo

r time-averagedregulation s wa s evaluate d throug h fieldstudie s an dothe r information . Th e result s indicate dthat bot h positiv e an dnegativ e erro r ma y occu r whil e usin g Metho d203 A tes t procedure s t o rea

dplume s unde r contrastin g conditions . T o evaluat e potential positiv e error , EP A conducte d aserie s o

f field experiment s unde r

controlle dfield conditions , usin g light

an ddar k visibl e plume s generate dby asmok e generator an datransmissomete

r meeting th e specification s o

f Metho d9 . During thes e evaluatio n tests , panel s o

f qualifie d observer s (wh

o hadbeen certifie db y Metho d9 procedures ] readth e generate dplume s i n 5-percen t opacit y increment s an da

t 15-secon dintervals , except

for on e tes t tha t include donly 5- . secondintervals . Th e data.wer e reduce d b y averagin g ove r varyin g length s o

f time . Dat afro mearlier fiel dtrials , conducte di n developing Metho d9 , wer e als o evaluated . Observe

r measurement s wer

e the n compare dt o th e referenc e value s -measure d by th e smok e generator

transmissometer . Thes e dataindicate tha

t bot h positiv e an d negativ e error

occu r fo r time-averaged tes t procedure s ove

r averaging period s o f 2 to 6 minutes . Analysi s o f thes e datashow s that , a s th e tim e interva l fo r averaging increases , th e positiv e error

decreases . Fo

r example , ove

r a2-minut e tim e period , 9 0 percent o f th e dat ahav e positiv e error o f 9. 5 percent

opacit y o r less , whil e ove r a6-minut e time period , 90 percent o f th e datahav e positiv e error o f 7. 5 percent

opacit y o r less . Overall , th e field studie s demonstrate danegativ e bias . Ove r a2

- minute tim

e period , 5 7 percen t

o f th e datahav e zer

o o r negativ e error , an d ove r a6-minut e tim e period , 5 8 percent o f A e dat ahav e zer

o o r negativ e error . Thi s mean s that

observer s ar

e mor e likely t o assign opacit

y value s tha

t ar e below , rather

than above , th e actua

l opacif y value . Consequently , alarge r percentag e of

noncomplianc e period s wil l b e reporte da s complian t period s rather tha n compliant

period s reporte d a s violations . State s ar

e advise dt o tak

e int o consideratio n bot

h th e potential fo

r som e positiv e error

en dth e overal l negativ e bia s o

f th e procedur

e when settin g an denforcin

g opacit y standard s i n SIP's . Accuracy of

Method 203B {TimeException Regulations

j Fiel dstudie s t o determin e th e accuracy o f th e tes t procedure s fo

r time

exceptio n regulation s indicate dtha t bot h positiv e an dnegativ e error ma y occu r whil e usin g th e tes t

procedure s o

f Metho d203 B t o readplume s unde r contrastin g conditions . T o evaluat e potential positiv e error , * EP A conducte daserie s o

f fiel d experiment s unde r

controlle dfield condition s usin g ligh

t an ddar k visibl e plume s generate db y asmok e generato r an datransmissomete

r meetin g th e specification s o

f Metho d9 . Durin g thes e evaluatio n tests , panel s o

f qualifie d observer s (wh o ha dbeen certifiedb y Metho d9 procedures ) readth e generate dplume s i n 5-percen t opacit y increment s an da

t 15-secondintervals . Th e datawer

e reduce dfo

r time

exceptio n provision s by aggregatin g th e reading s above agive

n opacit y withi n th e tim e period . Observe

r measurement s wer e the n compare dt o th e referenc e value s measure db y th e smok e generator transmissometer . Thes e dat aar e include di n Docke

tN aA-84-22 . The field experiment s indicate arang e o f observe r error s i n determinin g duratio n o f visibl e emission s fo

r time

exceptio n tes t

procedures . Erro

r wa s derive db y comparin g observe dopacit y wit h transmissomete

r readings . N o positiv e error

occurre dI n 7 0 percent o f th e dat areduce dusin g Metho d 203 B procedures , i.e. , 7 0 percent o f th e dataset s matche dor underestimate dth e tota l time o f exces s opacit y compare dto th e aggregatedtime o f exces s opacit

y recorde dby th e transmissometer . Overall , visual determinatio n o

f opacit y o f emission s wa s shown to hav e anegativ e bia s (i.e. , certifie d observer s ar

e mor e likely to assign opacit

y value s tha t

ar e belo w actua l opacit y than above actua

l opacity) . Becaus e o

f thi s negativ e bia s o

f visua l determination , th e reported perio do f exceedanc e i s mor

e likely to b e shorter , no t

longer , tha

n th e actua

l perio do f exceedance . State s ar e advise d to tak e int o consideratio n bot

h th e potentia l fo r som e positiv e erro r

an dth e overall negativ e bia s o

f th e procedure when settin g opacit

y standard s an d establishin g time-exceptio n interval s i n thei r SIP's . Accuracy of

Method 203C (Instantaneous Regulations j . The evaluatio n o

f field studie s an d othe r information to determin e th e accuracy o f th e tes t procedure fo

r instantaneou s limitatio n regulation s indicate dthat

bot h positiv e an d negativ e erro r

ma y occu r whil e usin g th e tes t procedure s o

f Metho d203 C to readplume s unde r

contrastin g conditions . Fo r a n instantaneou s limitation , observation s ar

e take n ove

r ashorte r time perio d an d ma

y als o b e taken a

t shorte r intervals . Th e metho dpropose s a1-minut e averagin g perio dto balanc e th e desire dshor

t tim e perio dimplie db

y a n instantaneou s limitatio n wit h th e improve daccurac y achieve db y multipl e readings . Further , th e shorter , 5-secon d interva l between observation s ha s bee n show n t o maintai n comparabl e accuracy . .Dat afrom5-second observatio n interval s hav e been assemble dsinc e 198 6 when EP

A propose dMetho d F-1 . Th e EP A use dpositiv e erro r

evaluatio n datafo r set s of 1 2 observation s a t

5

- secon dinterval s to asses s observatio n error fo r instantaneou s opacit

y measuremen t

A n analysi s o

f th e field tes t dataindicate s tha t

erro r fo r Metho d 203C, i s nearly identical to that o f Metho d9 an dstrongly indicate s that n o

. significan t differenc e exist s between observatio n o

f opacit y a t 5

- an d15

-P. 6 

### :© ? / Vo L 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s secondinterval s ove

r a1-minut e averagin g period . Result s o

f studie s conducte dby EP

A indicate tha

t efro r increase s by onl

y 2 percent

when fou r rather tha n 1 2 observation s ar

e averaged . The EP

A consider s thes e data t o b e adequat

e for assessin g th e positiv e erro r associate dwit

h Metho d203C . Data , reduce daccordin g t o th e procedure s provide di n Metho d203C , wil l reflect a n overall negativ e bia s (i.e. , observer s ar

e mor e likel y to assign opacit y value s tha

t ar ® belo w th e actua

l opacit y valu e rather

than above th e actua l opacit y value) . State s ar

e advise d to tak e int o consideratio n bot

h th e potentia l fo r som e positiv e error

an dth e overall negativ e bia s o

f th e procedur

e when settin g opacit

y standard s an d establishin g instantaneou s limitatio n regulation s i athei r

SIP's . I n respons e t o th e comment s discusse dabove an dth e decision s - regarding tes t

method s for

visibl e emission s mad

e b y EP A sinc e th e 198 6 proposal , EP

A i s toda y proposin g visibl e emissio n tes t

procedure s slightly modifiedfromthos e introduce di n propose dMetho dF-1 . Today' s procedure s ar

e propose dMethod s 203A , 203B , an d203 C fo

r inclusio n i n appendi x M o

f 40 CF Rpar t 51 . Othe r • revisions , base do ath e additional technical wor

k discusse dabove , ar

e discusse di n th e followin

g tex t A. Summary of

Proposed Revisions Revision s to Metho dF- 1 Today' s proposa

l divide s th e procedure s propose da s Metho dF- 1 i n 198 6 int o tare s distinc t

methods . Thi s wil l allo w aStat

e t o specif y th e exact datareduction procedure s to b ause di n complianc e determinations . Th e thre e method s incorporat

e th s certificatio n procedure s fo

r observer s fro

mMetho d9 o f appendi x A o

f 40 CF Rpar t 6 0 withou t change . Th e only procedura l difference s between Method s 203A , 203B , an d203 C an dMetho d 9 ar e i n th e provision s for

recordin g observation s an ddatareductio n aa dth e inclusio n o f fugitive emission s application s i n th e newly propose dmethods . Th e additio n o f procedure s fo

r fugitiv e emissio n appUcation s i s describe di ath e sectio n entitled , "Additional Procedure s fo r Fugitiv e Emissions. " Th e procedure s fo

r recording observation s hav e been revise dto : (a ) Reflec t recordin g interval s appropriate t o each metho dindividually , an d(b ) indicat e that

th e overal l tim e spa

n for recordin g observation s mus t b e appropriate t o th e tim

e spa n specifiedi n th e Stat

e regulation . Fo

r example , Metho d203 B specifie s that , i n orde r to determin e tha

t asourc e i s iacomplianc e wit h atime-exceptio n regulatio n i n whic h 1 0 peircen

t opacit y ma y b e exceede dfor

n o mor e than 3 minute s pe r hour , collectio n o

f reading s fo

r a n entire hou r

i s indicated . However, mor e than twelv e 15-secon

dreading s abov

e 1 0 percen t opacit y i ales s tha

n 1 hour , either consecutiv e o

r nonconsecutive , woul dindicate aviolatio n o f th e time

- . exceptio n limi t

I n suc h acase , aStat

e ma y elec t no t to requir e collectio n o

f additional dataafte

r aviolatio n i s indicated . Th e datareductio n procedure s i n propose dMetho d203 C specif y a1

-

. minute averagin

g perio dan drequir

e th e recordin g o

f opacit y observation s a

t either 15-secon do r 5-secon d intervals . Summar y o f Proposa l a s a RecommendedMetho di n Par t 5 1 I n additio n to th e revision s t o th e previously propose dMetho dF- 1 discusse dearlier , today' s propose d method s wil l b e include di n appendi x M o f par t 51 , rather than par t 52 , a s originally proposed . Unde

r today' s proposal , aStat

e woul dspecif

y th e appropriate metho dwhe n neede di n a SI P revision. Also , th e languag e concernin g "rule s o

f evidence, " whic h wa s propose di n 198 6 fo

r § 52.23 , ha s Additiona l Procedure s fo

r Fugitiv e Emission s EP A adde dprocedure s fo

r determinin g opacit

y o f fugitiv e amission s t o Metho d203A . Thes e procedure s ar

e als o cite di n Method s 203 B aa d203C . B

y th e additio n o

f thes e procedures , EP

A i s expandin g th e guidanc e availabl e t o visibl e emission s observers , a s well a s Stat

e an dloca l regulators , regarding th e observatio n o f visibl e emission s fro

msource s o

f fugitive emissions . Procedures , base don Stat e agenc y studie s an dcurrent

Stat e an dFedera

l regulations, wer

e compile d an dincorporate dinto th e propose d methods . Inclusio n o

f a n Implementatio n Tool Include dwit

h th e propose dtes t method s i s arevised sampl e Visible Emission s Observatio n (VEO ) for mfo r opacit y observations . Thi s formi s appende dt o Metho d203 A aa di s include dt o assis t

State s i n effectivel

y usin g th e propose dmethod s i n enforcin g SI P opacit y limits . Th e sampl e for mi s intende d t o hel p State s to establis h aconsistent

recordin g an d reportin g format, thereby , improvin g progra meffectiveness . Th e sampl e VE O formwil l hel

p ensure that

al l necessar

y complianc e information i s recorde ddurin g opacit y observations . Thi s include s information othe r than th e actual readings , suc h a s tim e o f day , approximat

e win dspee d an ddirection , aa dpresenc e an dcolo r o f clouds . A memorandu

mthat consider s error , associate dwit

h opacit y observations , ha s been place di n Docke

t No . A-84-22 . Th e memoranduminclude s adiscussio n o f th e effec t o f observatio n erro

r o n complianc e determination s fo r eac h method . EP

A consider s tha

t thi s information woul db e useful to th e State s i n settin g an denforcin g opacit y standards . 3. Rationale

for Revisions to Proposed Method F-1 Proposa l a s Thre e Distinc t

Method s Thre e distinc t

method s fo

r determinatio n o

f opacit y o f emission s are bein g propose di n order to provide datareductio n procedure s tha t ar e consistent wit h variou s type s o

f opacit y regulation s include di n SIP's . Opacit y regulation s fall int o thre e genera l categories : Time-averagedregulations , time-exceptio n regulations, an d instantaneou s limitatio n regulations . Th e existin g availabl e method , Method 9 of 40 CF Rpar t 60 , appendi x A , call s fo r averaging 2

4 consecutiv e 15-secon

d interva l observation s fore 6-minut e average . Thes e specification s ar e sometime s inconsistent

wit h th e requirement s i n SI

P opacit y regulations . Th e propose darra

y o f method s enable s State s to specif

y method s tha

t ar e consistent wit h actual SI P regulation s an dappropriate for

accurat e complianc e determination . Propose dMetho d203 A fo

r visua l determinatio n o

f opacit y o f emission s fo r time-averagedregulations call s fo r opacit y reading s at

15-secondintervals , averagedove

r atim e perio do

f 2 minute s o r mor e a s specifie dby th e Stat e regulation . Thi s propose dmetho d allow s State s t o specif

y averaging period s othe

r than 6 minutes . Metho d203 B fo

r visua l determinatio n o f opacit y o f emission s fo

r time

exceptio n regulation s als o call s fo r opacit y reading s a

t 15-secondintervals . However, th e dataor

e reduce dby aggregatin g al l observation s above th e leve l o f th © opacit y standard . Thi s propose dmetho dallow s State s to specif y ametho dconsistent

wit h time

exceptio n regulations . Metho d203 C for

visual determinatio n o f opacif y o f emission s fo

r instantaneou s limitatio n regulation s allow s aStat

e t o specif y either 15

- o r 5

- secon dobservatio n interval s wit h a1

-6164 4 Federa l Registe r / Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s P. 7

minut e averagin g period . Thi s propose d metho duse s ashorte r

averagin g perio d consisten t

wit h th e inten t

of a n instantaneou s hmit . I

f a5-secon d interva l i s no t

specifie db y th e State , th e 15-secon dinterva l wil l b e used . Th e selectio n of

th e observatio n interva l allow s th e Stat e t o eithe r

increas e th e numbe r of observation s average dfo r th e perio do r maintai n th e sam e observatio n interva l use dfo

r othe r opacit y standards . Thi s propose dmetho dallow s State s t o specif

y ametho ddevelope d specificall y fo

r instantaneou s limitatio n regulations . Propose dChange s t o DataReductio n Procedure s Onl y tw o technica l change s hav e bee n mad e t o th e dat areductio n procedure s o f th e propose dmethods . First , th e Stat e ha s flexibility i n specifyin g th e interva l betwee n observation s fo

r Metho d203 C (fo

r instantaneou s limitatio n regulations ) an dth e overal l tim e perio dfo r whic h observation s ar e average dha s als o bee n reduce dt o 1 minute . Thi s approximate s mor e closel y atrul y "instantaneous " determinatio n of

opacity , whil e maintainin g accurac y a

t abou t th e leve l provide db y th e typica l 6-minut e average . EP

A ha s receive dinformatio n fro mvariou s States , sinc e th e proposa l o f Metho dF-1 , whic h indicate s tha t severa l visibl e emission s observatio n methods , develope da t

th e Stat e level , includ e a5-secon d observatio n interval . Accordingly , EPA evaluate dth e accurac y of

observation s recorde da t 5

- secon dintervals . A collaborativ e stud y performe dwit h agrou p of certifie d observers , demonstrate dtha t a n averag e o f 1 2 observations , take n at 5-secon d intervals , ha s abou t

th e sam e leve l of accurac y a s a n averag e o

f 2 4 observation s take n at

15-secon d intervals . Th e result s o

f th e stud y ar e presente di n "Collaborativ e Stud y of Opacit y Observation s a t

Five-Secon d Interval s b y Certifie dObservers " (Docket No . A-84-22) . Som e State s may , however , prefe r t o avoi dspecifyin g adifferen t observatio n interva l tha n i s alread y i n us e i n man y SIP's , eve n thoug h th e shorte r averagin g perio di s warranted . Fo r

thi s reason , EP A considere dth e effec t

of averagin g onl y fou r observations . Furthe r

analysi s o f earlie r dat aindicate s tha t

th e accurac y o

f th e averagin g o f

four 15

- secon dobservation s i s comparabl e t o tha t o f twelv e 15-secon dobservations . State s ar e advise dt o conside r th e relativ e accurac y of

th e tw o observatio n interval s whe n specifyin g Metho d203 C an dindicat e whic h interva l wil l b e required . C. Rationale for Proposal as a Recommended

Method in 40CFR Part Si Metho dF- 1 wa s firs t

propose dfo

r inclusio n i n appendi x F of par t 5 2 (5 1 F R31076 , Augus t

29,1986) . Sinc e tha t time , th e ne w appendi x M of par t 5 1 wa s promulgated . A s describe di n sectio n H D o

f thi s preamble , appendi x M i s th e designate drepositor y fo r recommende dtes t

method s fo

r us e i n 'SIP's . Method s i n appendi x M ar e availabl e fo r State s t o specif

y i n thei r SIP' s withou t furthe r revie w b y EPA . EP

A revise dsubpar t

K of 4 0 CF Rpar t 5 1 t o ~ emphasiz e tha t

State s mus t

includ e enforceabl e tes t

method s i n thei r

SIP' s fo r eac h emissio n limi t

an ddirecte d State s t o appendi x M fo

r recommende d tes t method s for

us e i n determinin g complianc e (5 5 F

R14249 , Apri l 17 , 1990) . State s ar e expecte dt o specif y a tes t metho dfo

r eac h standar di n thei r SIP's . Ai l ne w o r

revise dSIP' s shoul d includ e complianc e tes t

methods . Th e tes t metho dan dth e associate derro r ca n affect th e implementatio n an d stringenc y of

an y SIP-specifie d regulation . Th e specificatio n of tes t method s withi n SI P regulations wil l ensur e tha t

tes t metho dprocedure s an d accurac y ar e full y considered . Becaus e par t

5 2 addresse s Federa l approva l o f

propose dSIP's , whil e par t 5 1 addresse s developmen t o f SIP's , recommende dtes t

method s ar e mos t appropriatel y include di n par t 51 . Today' s propose dMethod s 203A , 203B , an d203 C ar e recommendedtes t method s intende dfo

r us e i n SIP' s and , therefore , clearl y shoul db e include di n appendi x M . D. Rationale for

Proposed

Procedures for Fugitive Emissions Applications Fugitiv e emission s ar e thos e emission s tha t

ar e emitte ddirectl y int o th e ai r fromunenclose dsource s suc h a s stockpiles , roadways , an dope n railcar s o r truckbeds , o r

thos e whic h leak

int o th e atmospher e fromindustria l source s o r buildings . Anothe r

sourc e of .fugitiv e emission s i s ope n burning . Typica l industria l source s o

f fugitiv e emission s includ e loadin g an dtransfe r operations , cok e ove n pushing , sizing , crushing , milling , an dsandblastin g operations . Silvacultur e contribute s t o fugitiv e emission s throug h bot h cuttin g an d clearin g activities . Fugitiv e emission s ma y no t alway s b e i n th e for mo f adistinc t plume , bu t instead , may b e i n th e for mo f aclou d o r cove r abroa darea , r

n som e instances , fugitiv e emission s ma y represent onl y a par t o f afacility' s overal l emissions , a s woul db e th e cas e fo

r alarg e petrochemica l complex . Man y

situation s exis t

i n whic h fugitiv e emission s ar e th e dominan t sourc e of ai r pollution . Example s includ e quarries , sawmills , an droadway s c r parkin g lots . Man y SIP' s Includ e opacit y limit s fo r variou s industria l an dcommercia l operation s tha t

includ e source s of fugitiv e emissions . Fo r

example , regulation s i n Ohi o requir e tha t visibl e emission s b e observe dan drecorde da t cok e ove n door s durin g pushin g operations ; regulation s i n Tennesse e requir e tha t

industria l road s an dparkin g lot s mee t a n opacit y limi t

o f 1 0 percen t i n an y are apreviousl y designate d nonattainmen t

for particulat e matter . I n som e cases , a s i n th e Ohi o cok e ove n regulation, th e opacit y limi t serve s t o indicat e goo doperatio n an d maintenanc e procedures , o r t o highligh t equipmen t

deterioration . I n others , suc h a s th e Tennesse e road/parkin g lo t regulation , th e opacit y limi t serve s t o accomplis h aspecifi c ai r

qualit y goal , suc h a s conformin g t o nationa l ambien t ai r quaht y standard s o r

reversing visibilit y impairmen t

nea r a n histori c o r sceni c sit aTh e inclusio n o f guidanc e an dprocedure s fo

r reading visibl e emission s fromfugitiv e source s i n Method s 203A , 203 B an d203 C wil l assis t State s i n achievin g man y of thes e goals . Th e procedure s fo

r fugitiv e emissions , include di n Metho d203A , 203B , an d 203C , hav e bee n assemble dfromcurren t Stat e regulation s (e.g. , Ohi o an d Tennessee) , nationa l standards , an d studie s conducte di n Florid aan d elsewhere . Sinc e th e promulgatio n o f Metho d9 , understandin g o f th e specia l considerations , necessar y whe n observin g visibl e emission s from fugitiv e sources , ha s grown . Currently , effort s ar e underwa y i n severa l States , suc h a s Illinois , t o develo p opacit y method s tha t

ar e applicabl e t o specifi c sourc e type s o r

loca l concerns . Thes e effort s ma y b e tim e an dresourc e intensive , an dEP

A hope s t o reduc e som e of thi s burde n throug h * promulgatio n of

thes e recommende d methods . Th e principa l studie s an dregulation s tha t EPA considere dar e summarize d below , followe db y asummar y o f genera l principle s base do n thes e en d othe r studies . Data , Informatio n an dAnalyse s Tennessee visible emission evaluation Method 1. Th e Stat e o

f Tennesse e develope davisibl e emission s reading techniqu e fo

r road s an dparkin g lot s i n 198 2 a s par t

of a n effor t t o brin g atota l suspende dparticulat e (TSP) , nonattainmen t

area , int o complianc e throug h th e us e of

astringen t

opacit yP. 8



### Maral ! IXGS&flQf

f I ^®L : 

### S8 „ Kto . 22 3 7 Moaday , No^mt a•%%, 5LSS 3 I Ftropasd l M® 3 @H©S S JMraaKsso k W®F ® conducte db y th

® Ttauaosss s determin e whe t

modification s to Metho dS mai d b amacossary . Thss © M d stadia s pasulte d fath ® . Emisdorc s Evaluation * Mathc d 1 . Th a15

- sscaad l rasdiag iatova l am i imaia y ©tt e proosdw-s o fromMatho d © war ® BStained , bu t

th e averagin g perio d wa s shoifisasd l to 2 -mistote . Als© 5 additiona l procedura l guidamo

® fo r visiM® ea-issicm s obsswatiora s fro mshort-to m sporadi c e ? intaisiiitten t

©zaissio m source s wa s provided . No^imsicMc mimmS

pwcessing plants new somes performance standard. TM s me

w sourc ® parfesroanc ® standar d JNSPS ) respires th ® ras s o f Metho d® procedure s wit h th s followin g additiona l provisions : 1 . Obssyvatioffi s shoul dfe® used ® a t a . EaMiara aof

5 Eaates- s (mi

l 12 5 feat (ft) ) fromth ascisrcs ; 2 . Th s positio aof

th e cbseros ? shosuld fc® sa'acte d to mfaimi2 ® Jnterfazsmc o fromothe r

©missio n sources ; an d 3 . Whea i wat e mis t

i s presen t

i n th ® plume , th e obsarvatio n shoul db s mad s at apoin t to th e plum e wher e th

® mis t i s n o longe r

visible . "foiri isssw. lilass ® EFPO! ? @nl y mmeigimaM

j whissi i Bgfa g Mathod" ® pocsstas s os a stac k emissions . A escom

d analysi s wa s performe dto thi s stud y to ©©aside: ? tlh © accurac y of

Metho dS cartlfie d obsssvar s inreadi i shoul db ® irapsatsd

l tea-ass of

atog interruption .

i t th astandard , i observe? , wa s comipajad to tha t of th e tha t from5 8 t o 8 8 percen t

of th e time , abov e th e leve l o

f th e standard , a s deteaataa d b y th s tFansnaissomet®? , o r umdajstats d th

© tims e ebov ath ® leve l o f th e standard . State daaotha r way , th a stud y deimomstrata

d astroa g megativ

© Principle s of

Observatio n of

Fugitiv ® Emissio n Source s
.v e emission s may b e generate db y multipl e source s fades® proximit y to on e

i emission s ma y I

.eavily fro mth o Tenmassa aEaetkod

l abov® , bu t

add s tw o additiona l conditions : (1 ) ObssFvatioa s shoul d fe® mad ® a t th ® poin t of f highes t opacit y withi n th ® plum® , u

i abov aO Fdownwin d o

n ta © sourc® ; am

i (2 ) obsarvar s ar e to 1 CaMakomtiva study ofopasity observations of/ugfeV ® eMikmoms-fmrn unpaved mads by osr-ified

obssiwss^. Thi s stud y b y Easter n Technica l Associate s (ETA) favolvadvMM ® emissions , specifically , fugitiv e ainissio-a s fromiiiQpavs d roa d Metho d9 procedure s ove r averagin g period s o f

1 5 second s to ® minutas . Opacit y cbssroeticos , take s Ha y visiM a' ©missie s tzhwivim. war

® cosnpsis d .to measurement s take n b y a teeasEdsEsuste. Th

® pjqpos a©

f & o . stud y wa s to ©raiipar

® th aasraifac y o f opacit y cboes-vEtSon

c of fugitiv® emission s to fts osswetxy o f opacit y cboEfVaJioas of

stationar y so-uroo ainrssious . Tic ® stud y fcua d that , dependin g o n sv-r-ra-jJG g timo , fraas ?•_to 3 0 peroea t ©f f r' l avarsgs s ha d eitha 2 m

o positiv e erra ? c:. v ha dpoaitiv ® amro? of

Iss s thaB 5 • •pEiceni l opacity, , am

d froamS O to 8 3 psrcsn t fcadl 1 0 psEceiu

t o i Iss s jjositiv ® tha n ar e point-sourc ® amissions . Sine®

th e overal l purpos e o f

visibl e opacit y observatio n i s to datormin ® th aaffec t o f th e emissio n o

mth ® obsarvair' s via w of th e background , th aobssrvai ? mus t stan d at adistoncaaa d fa apositio n tha t 

# E rovide s aclear

vie w of th abackground , oth throug h th a©mission , an dbesid e th ® emission . Th

® provisions , incorporate di n th e nonmetalli c minera l processin g plant s NSPS , ar aintende dto ensur e tha t

th e observe r

clearl y distinguishe s th

® plmao ® frosa©thai? emissio msowes s and , fath ® oss aof wate r mist , include s onl y th e portio n o f concern . Often , eve n fo

r roadways ara

d parkin g lots , who

mfugitiv e emission s ar ® plentifu l o s generate db y multipl e source s o r

sourc ® type s faclos e 

# S roximsty to om

® amothar , th e contras t stwee n agive n phm-a

ao r th s emissiosis , du e to aspscifi c sourc ® aa d th ® backgroun d opacity , i s dimtoishsd . Whil e th e minimu mdistanc e o f 5 m (1 5 ft ) ensure s th aobserve r

ca n adequatel y segregate th e smissic E &o m th abackground , car e shoul db e take n to selec t adistanc s fromth

® sorarc ® relativ e to th e sia ao f

th ® eaaission . Whe mvisibilit y a t

th ® specifie d observatio n fatopifal i s momeaiitaial y bloiie d (e.g. , b y ap&sfa g vshicls , etc.) , th areco?d!fa

g shss t shoul db ® s o marked , an dth ase t

of observation s extende dto includ e a aappropriat e muitnbe r o f dat apofat s fe averagimg . fa som © casES , a n oxtarade d 5®iigt h of tin® , fo r whic h visibilit y i s Woclssd , ma y rende r th ® sa t umiasabl® , Dissatioi awm&l • b ® uss dto dscid ® rjha aa

movemagiEi

g sa l observatiom s acros s storsg s piles , & ® observe r skra M loo k

acros o aspsdl c poin t fath ® pil® an d nol

follo w Q movin g plum® , fath acas s of a continuoMsly-genarato d fat plumo , wher e wigo?ou s win d ectiMt y i s continuousl y addin g to th ® upwar d movaaaaa t

o f dust , obsssvsstion s slhGMii d coffltfauaa t

th asonn e poin t cu dhaJglh

t abov e th apil aa s initiall y Esad . A secon dcautio n involve s th ® situatio n wher

® wata r spra y i s ussi l fc r dus t supprsssioa . 11%

aobserve r

shoul d assur e iiat , whil areedin g a t th e denses t portio n o f th ® plum® , th aopacit y recorde di s mo

t fromth e wate r

spray . Roads and

parking areas. Th e Tennesse e an dOhi o method s includ e a conditio n requirin g tha t

aserie s of opacit y readings ma y includ e onl y plume s generate db y vehicle s travelin g i n th e sam e direction . Th e obsarve r i s to selec t atarge t are aJo* ? viewin g an di s to rea dth ® opacit y a t

tha t are afo r th ® entir® averagin g period , eve n whe n multipl e vehicle s pas s throug h th aKE S travailin g to th asaunadirection . I n soo ® cases , avehicl e wil l b e fath e lin e of sigh t wha magive n reading i s t o b e taken . For ? tthes o roles, th

® obsssrffetlo*

n i s suspands d for

an y interva l fawhic h a vehicl e i s dirsctl y fath aMm ® of sight . Th s spss s fbs

r recordin g tha t

obsaFretio a i s marke d wit h a"V. " Observation s ar ® to b e rasuce d a t

th anajj t interva l a s i f follorjfa g tlfc

alas t recorde dobservation , s o lon g a atk s vahicl ai s travelin g to th ® - saim ® dfeaCiioff

l e s th ® vehicl e i^hic h initiate dth afmgJtiv

® aidssioiiis . I f anoths r vehicl e passe s throug h th ® are afath aopposit © direction , reading s mus t b asaspandsd . A ma

w se t of reading s can

s bagf aafter th ® plums , gena-pets d b y th

® vshicl amovin g i n th

© opposit ® dinsotion , ha s settle dan da nev / plrnim ® i s gasaratad . Th

® disrupt®!? , se t i s the n discaird-sd . A n additiona l concer n for TaicEssss s ia ssrie s i raprasantativ ao f

th aroadway o r

prrikfcsf! lot . coaditiozis . Therafora , raedfags er a no t t o b e take n durin g aperio do f tima o r faa aara a^vhic h i s no t

rapressnte^v o becans ® o f

Hghl y usQ-asua

l circumstaEca s (e.g. , abroka mba g of camea t O Fbal e of ha y o n & ® raadw5y3= Highl y unusua l di-ssijusfLaEcs s mus t ac t onl y b aatypica l o f

opa?atiQ acoasiitisESs , ths y inaus t als o b ainfesqueat . ThaFcfepa , aStat ® EiigLf t ifsqBir atha t a! 3 issa£fag 2 Ib

o racords d aaal tha t

egsncj ? discKatio Q i s use dfadesidfa g whethe r ai l reading s ar at ab ® facl-adedl fath e avarag s fe ptairposs s of

cosapliasic® .P. 9

e r / Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s III . Administrativ e Requirement s A. Docket Th e docke t

i s a n organize dan d complet e file of

al l th e informatio n submitte dt o o r

otherwis e considere db y / EP A i n th e developmen t

o f thi s propose drulemaking . Th e docke t i s a dynami c fil e sinc e materia l i s adde d throughou t

th e rulemakin g • development . Th e docketin g syste mi s intende dt o allo w member s o f th e publi c an dindustrie s involve dt o identif y and . locat e document s s o tha t

the y ca n effectivel y participat e i n th e rulemakin g process . Alon g wit h th e statemen t of basi s an dpurpos e o

f th e propose dan d promulgate dstandard s an dEP A > response s t o significan t

comment s i n th e Federa l Registe r

notice s an d backgroun ddocuments , th e content s o f th e docket , excep t

fo r interagenc y revie w materials , wil l serv e a s th e * recor di n cas e o f

judicia l revie w (sectio n 307(d)(7)(A)) . B. Executive Order

12291 Unde r Executiv e Orde r

12291 , EP

A wa s require dt o judg e whethe r a regulatio n wa s "major " an dtherefor e subjec t t o th e requiremen t

o f a Regulatory Impac t

Analysi s (RIA) . Thi s actio n di dno t

requir e an y revisio n t o existin g SIP s o r change s t o an y SI P regulation. Thi s propose d regulatio n wa s no t

amajo r rul e unde r E.O..1229 1 becaus e i t

wil l neithe r

hav e a n effect o n th e econom y o

f $10 0 millio n o r

more , no r

wil l i t resul t i n a n increas e i n cost s o r

price s t o industry . Ther e wil l b e n o advers e impac t o n th e abilit y of U.S.-base denterprise s t o compet e wit h foreign-base denterprise s i n domesti c o r

expor t markets . Becaus e thi s amendmen t

wa s no t amajo r regulation , n o RI

A wa s conducted . Thi s regulatio n wa s submitte dt o th e Offic e o f Managemen t

an dBudge t

(OMB ) fo r ' revie w unde r

Executiv e Orde r

12291 . C. Regulatory Flexibility Act Compliance Pursuan t t o th e Regulatory Flexibilit y Ac t ( 5 U.S.C . 60 1 etseq.), wheneve r a n agenc y i s require dt o publis h agenera l notic e o f rulemakin g fo

r an y propose d o r final rule , i t

mus t prepar e an dmak e availabl e for

publi c commen t

a Regulatory Flexibilit y Analysi s (RFA ) whic h require s EP

A t o conside r potentia l impact s of

propose d regulation s o n smal l entitie s (i.e. , smal l businesses , smal l organizations , an d

. smal l governmenta l jurisdictions) . Th e Administrato r

ma y certify , however , tha t th e rul e wil l no t

hav e asignifican t economi c impac t

o n asubstantia l numbe r of smal l entities . Thes e method s wil l hav e n o advers e economi c impac t

o n smal l entities . N o ne w SI P regulation s ar o bein g proposed . Sinc e thi s proposa l doe s no t significantl y chang e th e statu s qu o fo r suc h entities , I hereb y certif y tha t thi s propose dregulatio n wil l no t hav e a significan t

economi c impac t

o n a substantia l numbe r

o f smal l entities . Thi s propose dregulatio n therefor e doe s no t requir e a n RFA . Lis t o f Subject s i n 4 0 CF

RPar t 5 1 Environmenta l protection , Administrativ e practic e an dprocedure , Ai r pollutio n control , Carbo n monoxide , Intergovernmenta l relations , Lead , Nitroge n dioxide , Ozone , Particulat e matter , Reportin g an drecordkeepin g requirements , Sulfu r

oxides , Volatil e organi c compounds . Dated : Novembe

r 11,1993 . Caro l Browner , Administrator. EP A propose s t o amen dtitl e 40 , chapte r I , par t 5 1 o f th e Cod e o

f Federa l Regulation s a s follows : PAR T 51—[AMENDED ] ' . 1 . Th e authorit y citatio n fo r par t 5 1 continue s t o rea da s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S.C . 7410(a)(2) , 7475(e) , 7502(a ) an d(b) , 7503 , 7601(a)(1 ) sm

d 7620 , unles s otherwis e noted . 2 . Appendi x M i s amende db y addin g Method s 203A , 203 B an d203 C an db y addin g th e followin g metho dtitle s t o th e tabl e of

content s t o rea da s follows : Appendi x M t o Par t

51—Recommende d Tes t Method s fo r

Stat e Implementatio n Plan s * * « * a Method203A—Visua

l Determinatio

n o f Opacit y o f Emission s Fro

mStationar

y Source s fo r Time-Average

dRegulations . Metho d203B—Visua

l Determination o

f Opacit y o f Emission s Fro

mStationar

y Source s fo r Time-Exceptio

n Regulations . Metho d203C—Visua

l Determinatio

n o f Opacit y o f Emission s Fro

mStationar

y Source s fo r Instantaneou s Limitatio

n Regulation s Method20 3 A—Visua

l Determinatio n o

f Opacit y o f Emission s Fro

mStationar

y Source s fo r Time-Average

dRegulation s Method203

A i s virtually identica

l t o EPA' s Method9 except

fo r th e data-reductio n procedures , which provid

e fo r averagin g time s othe r tha n 6 minutes . Tha

t is , using Method20 3 A wit h a6-minut

e averagin g tim e wouldbe the sam

e as followin

g EP A Metho d 9 . Additionally , Method203 A provide s procedure s fo

r fugitiv e dus t applications . The certification procedure s provide di n section 3 ar e virtually identica

l t o Metho d9 an dar e provide dhere , i n full , fo

r clarit y an d convenience . A sample visible emission observation for mandinstruction s fo

r it s us e ar e appende dt

o thi s method , 1. Applicability and

Principle 1. 1 Applicability . Thi s methodi s applicabl e fo

r the determination o

f the opacit y o f emission s fro

msource s o

f visible emission s fo

r time-average

dregulations . A time-average

dregulation i s an

y regulation tha t require s averagin

g visibl e emission dat

a t o determine the opacit

y o f visible emission s ove r aspecifi c tim e period . 1. 2 Principle . Th

e opacit y o f emission s fromsource s o

f visibl e emission s i s determinedvisuall

y b y a n observe r qualifie d accordin g t o the procedure s o

f section 3 . 2. Procedures A n observe r qualifiedin accordanc e wit h section 3 o f thi s metho dshal l us e the followin g procedure s fo

r visuall y determining the opacit

y o f emissions . 2. 1 Procedure s fo

r Emission s fro

m Stationar y Sources . Thes e procedure s ar e applicabl e for

visuall y determining the opacit y o f stac k emission s b

y aqualified observer . Th

e qualifie dobserve r shoul dd o the following : , 2.1. 1 Position . Stan

da t adistanc e sufficien t t o provid e aclea r vie w o f the emission s wit

h the sun oriente din the 140

- degre e secto r t o the observer' s back . Consisten t wit h maintaining the abov

e requiremen

t a s muc h a s possible , mak

e opacit y observation s fro

mapositio n suc

h tha t the lin e o f vision i s approximatel

y perpendicula

r t o the plum e direction , an

d

. whe n observin g opacit y o f emission s fro

m rectangula r outlet s (e.g. , roo

f monitors , ope

n baghouses , noncircula

r stacks) , approximatel

y perpendicula

r t o th e longe r axi s o f the outlet . D

o not include mor

e tha n one plum e in th e lin e o

f sigh t a t atim e whe n multipl e plume s ar

e involvedand , in an

y case , mak e opacit y observation s wit

h the line o f sigh t perpendicula

r t o the longe r axi s o f such ase t o f multipl e stacks (e.g. , stu

b stacks on baghouses) . 2.1. 2 FieldRecords . Recor dthe nam e o f . the plant , emission location , typ e o f facility , observer' s nam

e andaffiliation , asketc

h o f the observer' s positio n relativ e t o the source , andthe dat

e o n afiel ddat asheet . A sampl

e visible emission observation for mi s include d i n appendix 1 o

f Method 203A . Recor

dthe time , estimateddistanc e to the emissio n location , approximat

e win ddirection , estimatedwin dspeed , descriptio n o f the sk y conditio n (presenc e an

dcolo r o f clouds) , an

d plum e backgroun

do n th e fiel

ddat ashee t a t the tim e opacit y reading s ar

e initiate dan

d completed . 2.1. 3 Observations . Mak

e opacit y observation s a

t the point o f greates t opacit y i n tha t portio n o f th e plum e wher e condense dwate

r vapor i s not present . D o not loo k continuously a

t th e plum e but , instead , observ

e the plum e momentaril

y a t 15-secon dintervals . 2.1.3. 1 AttachedStea

mPlumes . Whe

n condensedwata

r vapo r i s presen t withi n the

. plum e a s i t emerge s fro

mth e emission outlet , mak e opacit y observation s beyon

dthe poin t in the plum

e a t whic h condense dwate

r vapo r i s no longe

r visible . Recor

d the approximat

e distanc e fromthe emissionP.1 0



### FsdSera H RegfeS©*

? / Vol. 5® , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novomt e 22, 293) 3 / FRjposed

l Role s MM7' outle t to th apoin t

i ath s plasm

aa t whic b th a observation s er amade . • 2.1.3. 2 DsJschsdl Stea mPlamos . VJbs— wate ? vEpo ? i n th s plum e condeasa s aa d become s visibl e a l adistinc t distanc e fee-as th s omissio n catlet , evaluat e th s opadt y o f emission s a

t th e emissio n outle t

prio r to th e condensatio n o f

wate r vapo r an dth e fomaticao f

th astea mplums . 2. 2 Procedure s Si r

Fugitiv e Proces s Dus t Ecdssions . Tbas e psoaedure s ar o applicabl e fine th e determinatio n o f th aopacit y o f feptivs emission s by . aqualifie dobserver . Th aquslifis d observe r

shoul dd o th e following : 2.2. 2 PtesJtioa . Stan da ! apositio n s i leas t 5 meter s fr-osn th e fugitiv e sourc e i n orde r to provid e c clea;; ' vie w o f

th s emission s wit h th e ran oriente di s th a14Q-degree ssete r to th e bs.d e Caarfsten t

s s muc h a s possibl e wit h ir a".ntsiriJH

g tb e abev e -feqpirs-Esatet ms't s opacit y observation s firomapositio n Each, tha t th e lin e c f

visio n i s approximatel y perpendicula r

t o th e plum aaa dwin d direction . A s muc h a s possible , i f multipl e ph-as.e s er ainvolved , d o ac t indud e mor a tha n OE S plum s i n th e lin e o f sigh t a t on s time . 2.2. 2 Fiel dRecords . Raaor d th e nass e o f th e plan t o r sits , fugitiv e souix alocation , sourc e typ a[pile , stoc k

industria l ipccas s tail , indnaratc? , opa n burnin g oparEtion , activity , materie l handlin g (transfer , ioafcg , sorting , etc.}J , metho d o f

coate d ussd , if

any , observer' s name , certificatio n dat e en d affiliation , askstc h c f

th aebssjvar' s positio n relativ e to th afugitiv e source , an ddat e o n a £al d dat ashaet , aud i a s th s esasp b visibl e emissio n chssrvaifa n fain indude d i n appaadb i 1 . Also , recor dtb atime , estimate d distanc e to Gs

e fugitiv e snare s bcaiisE , approximat e win d direction , estimate dwin d speed s dassriptio E a f

th ask y conditio n (srasana aan dcolo r

o f dcuds} , obsasvar' s positio n relativ e to Sh

e fugitiv e coa-rce , an d colo r o f th ® plum s aa d typ ao f

badigr-L-un

d o n th o visibl aeasissio n observatio n loom wha n opadt y reading s as s initiate dan d completed . Fa i roads , storag e piles , parkin g lets , recorde. descriptio n o f th e sulfas ® condition s {pieaanc g o f

moisture} . 2.2. 3 Obssivatioas . Mak e opacit y observations , t o th

© exten t possib'a, , msks s a contrastin g teakgiroumd tha i i s j-sipsndlicat e t o th e lie s o f

vision . Fo r

icads , stosag e piles , an dparMr ^ late , mak e opacit y ehsasvatiH-a s • approximatel y 1 met e abov ath s suriac © fromwhic h th s plum s i s gaEeirate i Fo r oSha r fcgitive so-xKSS , raali© opssii y obssroatia-as s a t th apoin t c f greates t opasit y in tha t

poiso n o f th e pJu-£ 3 vshsm oaadenss d roe's? -japa r i s nnl prosam L IFo i inisiBi-aKon

t so-osoas , th a iaitSs l ebssjestitt asbEEl d bsgfa i taamedlici'aly after ap!uEi 3 lia s baa asssste d cboc ® the s curfac aJE\-a!vcd . H o ne t

loo k coatlnaouEJ y a t th s plusa abut , frsts^d , obserr a& 3 -p-hae s nicjaestEiil y a t

15-ssoon d intervals . 2. 3 Keosn'dJr. g Obs-srv-nSian aHesci d 5b 3 opacit y abssrecties s t o tb anEaras t S pjxcsa S evi-c y 2 6 Esoa-ad

ao ac mobsanratlass? , irecard sbsa t suc h a s tb s viaibl o esnisaio a observatia afcjaladadts d J n appandh s 1 . Saab maoESEta-r

y obssrv-atio n reeaiae d reprscsEtc tb o c-jafC5 3 oparit y o f eaaissiaa s fo r aIB-Eaoan d psriod . Th

© ovspal l lengt h o f tim e for whic h observation s ar e recorde d shal l ha epproprfat at s th e averagin g tim s specifie di n tb aStat s fsgulation . 2. 4 Bat aReductiot afewYtae-Averaged Reguiatioas . A se t

o f observation s i s caiapase d o f

s aappropriat e numbe r

o f consecutiv e observation s determine d b y & s averagin g tim e specified . Divid e th e -recorde d observation s int o csto o f

appjeprfat o tina s length s fo r th aspscifie d averagin g time . Sat s mus t consis t o f coasscutiv s obsawations ; hov„'swr , obsereation s iramadiatel y precedin g en dfollowin g intempte d observation s shal l b afeassedoanssrutiva . Sat s naa d no t

to ocsisasutiw s i n tiia s an di n n o cas e shal l tw o sat s oves'lap , psawltin g fa nudtipl e violations . Fa r

eac h se t o f observations , calculate ! th e appropriat e averag e opacity . 3 . Qualification arid

Testing 3. 1 Certificatio n Requirements . T o receiv e cs-rtiScatian a

aaqmaliSe d c&ssrsst, a candida l xns t

b r tssteS l aa ddsaxEoteati a th e abilit y to assig n opacit y Feadiog s fa 5 percen t iBoramsnt s to 2 5 dii&raa t bke k plume s an d2 6 diifcen t

whit s pteess , wit b a n Gisra r no t to excee d 1 6 paxesn t

opacit y o n an y on areadin g an de n averag e arro ? ne t t a esoEad 7. 6 psiosa t

opaarty i n eac h category . Candidate s shal l b ataste dcoensdi-o g t o th a pmcsdisiRE

adssadbEi i fapairag*?ap

b 3.2 . An y smok e gensiatos * nsa d p-^rsuan t to pauagysp h 3. 2 sba B b s eauipps d oit b a EjEob s Eseti" 2 whic h mast s th s rsijii)Srs3isnt s o f paiagrap b 3.3 . Cs-rtiSoatio n test s tha t d o mo t mss t tb a re-jilramamt s o f

paragsaph s 3*

2 an d3. 3 EB

B no t valid . Th e certiSaetia n sbai l b s vali dkm apsiilo d o f 8 months , an dafta

r eac h 8-snont

b pasrlod , th e qualificatio n procedure s mus t b e repeate db y a n observe r

i n crde ? t o retai n certiScation . 5. 2 Certificatio n FfcocBdoro . Tb e certificatio n tes t

consist s o f

showin g th e candidat e acomplet e ru n c f 5 0 plumes , 2 5 blac k plume s an d2 5 whit e plumes , generate db y asmok e generator . Plume s shal l b apresente di n -randomorde r withi n eac h sa t o f 2 5 blac k an d2 5 whit e pkraes . Tb e candidat e assign s a n opacit y valu e t o eac h plum e an drecord s th e observatio n o n a suitabl e fan. A t

tb acanaplstio ao f

eac h m n o f 5 0 readings , tb aSCOB S o f tb acsndidat ® i o determinsd . I

f acandidat afeilo t aspalify , tb a complet e ru n o

f 5 0 reading s mus t

b arapsated i aan y ratsst . Th asmak s tes t ma y b a administere da s par t

o f asmok e schoo l O

T trainin g program , an dina y b e praceds d b y trainin g o r

familiarization iron s o f

tb asmob a generato r durin g whic h oaadidata s a*n s sbow n blac k an dwhit s pbjece ao f

know n opedty. . 3. 3 SEK& Q Ganeratc ? SpsaScations . An y smob s gene-rate ? use d fa ? tb aparpos ao f paragrap h 3. 2 sbaJ

S b s eq-ssippa

d rjit b a smok a-nastc

r installe dt asnaasiiaf

e opndt y acros s th e diamata r

o f tb a-snnb agensuatc r stack . Th asmab e -mete

r outpu t shal l displa y in-staa k eparity , bassa

) Tapo aapat b Isngl b equa l t o th s stad ; ajdt

di-^ttsieir o aafciU © t o IC C percen t char t recorde r sacla . Th a smok e jeste r

optica l desig n an dparfaEXBEa e shal l mee t

th e specification s show n i n Tabl e 1 . Th e smok e nate r

shal l b acalihrata d a s prescribe di n paiagsap b 3.S. S prio ? t o conductin g eac h smok e leadin g tes t At th e completio n o f

eac h test , th e zer o an dspa n drift , obaJl b acheated , an di f tb e dri a exceed s i f

percen t opacity , th e conditio n shal l b acorrscte d prio r

t o caaductin g ca y subsequen t

tes t runs . Th e esnoh amete r

shal l b s demonstrate d a t

th e tlm s ofisstaMatic n t o mee t tb e specification s Hsta

d i n TabZ a1. Tbi g damonstratio n shal l b e repeate dfollowin g oa y subsequen t

repai r o r replacemen t

o f tb a photocel l o r

associate delectroni c circuitr y includin g tb e char t

recorde r c s outpu t mate , c r every 8 months , whicheve r cocur s Gist . 3.3. 1 Calibration . Th e smok e teete r i s calibrate dafts r

allowin g a*-nini*2i«-cff

l c f 3 9 minute s wann-u p b y alternatel y pjCCiiciiL g simulate dopacit y o f

0 psrean i aa d 15 3 percent . Whe" i stabl e respons e a t 0 perssa ! c " IC O percen t i c noted , th

Q snak e rnet e i s adjuste d t o produc e a n Cutpu t c f J J pEJSE-a t o ? 1C 3 percent , a s appropriate , Thi s calibratic i sbai l t arapeEtedunti l stab'v : 0 psrcsn t an dMd percen t readings ar e produce dwithou t

adjustment . Simulate d 0 percen t aa: d 1C S psroan t opacit y valaa o aaa

y b s produce db y altematsl y switafcin g tb a powe r t o tb e ligh t

sourc e a n aa dof

f whil s th e smok e generato r

i s no t prad-jsain g rot!.:-*. 3.3. 2 Smoke Mete r

Evaluation. Tb e smok e mete r

desig n an dpsrirrmasa ac ? tt ) b aevaluate da s follows : 3.3.2. 1 Ligb t

Source . Verf. % Sci n manu&duier' s dat aan dfromvalise s measurament s rned aa t

tb alamp , a s iEsta!M , tha t tb alam p i s oparate d withi n ± 5 parcsn t o f th aac-mic d retadvaltegs .

. 3.3.2. 2 SpscbalRespoas-jofPhBtaosJ) . Verif y &Q3t,nsE^fecta«r' o dat atha t tb a phptccol l be s aphotopi c respcase ; i.s „ th o spsctra l esasitivit y o f

tb acal l shal l dccsS y approximat atb e standar dcpsctol-laffiinasit y curv e fo r photopi c visio n ivhic h i o -refsranE?d ia(b ) o f Tabl e t, 3.3.2. 3 .Angl

o o f .View . Chec k constreatio n garanatry t o ena\ra 3 tba t th atat- J angl e o f wj.s w o f th asnjak s plumo , e s rss a b y tb apbotooall , das s no t axcea d 1 5 dags-aaa . Caloslat s tb atota l ongl ao f vizvjc s follows: $v=2tan-

- «1/2L

, where : <>v=tota l angl e o f view , d=th e pbotosel l diamete r + tb e dia-xete r

c f tb aifaaitin g Qpertiire ; an d L=distanc s fro atb e photocel l t o tb e limitin g epsitura . Th e limitin g aparinr e i s tb apoin t i ath ® pat h batwaa n tb aphotocel l an dtb e SUECIE B plum awbar e th e angl ao f via w i s mos t restricted . S asmck ageaarat e smok e maters , thi s i s normai) y s aorific aplats . 3.-3.2. 4 Angl

® o f Projacticn . Chec k constructio n geometry t o SEEUM I tha t tb atatc-' J angl e o f promotio n c f

th s lass p o

mtb e snak a plum e doe s no t

as-oas d 1 5 decrees . Calcakt e th e tota l angl e o f

projectio n a s fellows : ^p=2tan-'d/2 L whera : <jip=tota l angl e o f projection ; d=th e se n c f

tb e lengt h o f

th e lam p fHajaea t + ti e diaiaste r

c f tb aBmuin g ajiarture ; znd L=tb adistaic a&oi i tb e las p t s tb a limitin g aperture . 3.3.2. 5 Calibratio n Error . Usin g noutral

densit y Sltar s o f

know n opadty , chad t

th e erro r betwee n th e actua l respons e an dth e theoretica l linea r

respons e o f

th e smokeP.1 1



### 6164 8 Federa l Registe r/ Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , Novembe r

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s meter . Thi s chec k

i s accomplishe db y first calibratin g th e smok e mete r accordin g t o 3.3. 1 an dthe n insertin g aserie s o f thre e neutral-densit y filters o

f nomina l opacity o

f 20 , 50 , an d7 5 percen t

i n th e smoke mete r path length . Us e filters calibrate dwithi n ±2 percent . Care shoul db e take n whe n insertin g th e filters t o preven t

stray ligh t

fromaffectin g th e meter . Mak

e atota l o f five nonconsecutiv e reading s fo r eac h filter. Th e maximu mopadt y erro r

o n an y on e readin g shal l b e ± 3 percent . 3.3.2. 6 Zer o an dSpa n Drift . Determin e th e zer o an dspa n drif

t b y calibratin g an d operatin g th e smok e generato r i n anorma l manne r ove r a1-hou r period . Th e drif

t i s measure db y checkin g th e zer o an dspa n a t th e en do f thi s period . 3.3.2. 7 Respons e Time . Determin e th e respons e tim e b y producin g th e serie s o f fiv e simulate d0 percen t

an d10 0 percen t

opacity value s an dobservin g th e tim e require dt o reac h stabl e response . Opacity value s o f 0 percen t an d10 0 percen t

ma y b e simulate db y alternatel y switchin g th e powe r t o th e ligh t sourc e of f an do n whil e th e smok

e generato r i s no t operating . 4. References 1 . U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency . Standard s o

f Performanc e fo

r Ne w Stationary Sources ; appendi x A ; Metho d9 fo r Visua l Determinatio n o f

th e Opacity o

f Emission s fro mStationar y Sources . Fina l Rule . 3 9 F R 219 . Washington , DC . U.S . Governmen t Printin g Office . November 12,1974 . 2 . Offic e o

f Ai r an dRadiation . "Qualit y Assuranc e Guidelin e fo

r Visibl e Emissio n Trainin g Programs. " EPA-600/S4-83-011 . Quality Assuranc e Division . Researc h Triangl e Park , N.C . Ma

y 1982 . 3 . "Metho d9—Visibl e Determinatio n o f th e Opacity o

f Emission s fromStationary Sources. " February 1984 . Quality Assuranc e Handboo k

fo r Ai r Pollutio n Measuremen t Systems . Volum e III , sectio n 3.1.2 . Stationary Sourc e Specifi c Methods . EPA-600-4-77

- 027b . Augus t

1977 . Offic e o f

Researc h an d Developmen t

Publications , 2 6 Wes t

Clai r Street , Cincinnati , OH . 4 . Offic e o f

Ai r Quality Plannin g an d Standards . "Opacit y Erro r fo r Averagin g an d Nonaveragin g DataReductio n an dReportin g Techniques. " Fina l Repor t SR-1-6-85 . Emissio n Measuremen t

Branch , Researc h Triangl e Park , N.C . Jun e 1985 . 5 . Th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency . Preparation , Adoption , an d Submitta l o

f Stat e Implementatio n Plans . Method s fo

r Measuremen t

o f PMio Emission s fro mStationar y Sources . Fina l Rule . Federa l Register . Washington , DC . U.S . Governmen t Printin g Office . Volume s 55 . No . 74 . pps . 14246-14279 . Apri l 17 , 1990 . Metho d203B—Visua

l Determinatio n o

f Opacit y o f

Emission s Fro mStationar y Source s fo r

Time-Exceptio n Regulation s Metho d203 B i s virtuall y identica l t o EPA' s Metho d9 , excep t

fo r th e data-reductio n procedures , whic h hav e bee n modifie dfo r applicatio n t o time-exceptio n regulations. Additionally , Metho d203 B provide s procedure s fo

r fugitiv e dus t

application s whic h wer e unavailabl e whe n Metho d9 was promulgated . Th e certificatio n procedure s i n sectio n 3 ar e identica l t o thos e i n Metho d9 an dar e provide di n Metho d203 A a s well . Therefore , th e certificatio n procedure s hav e no t bee n repeate dwithi n thi s method . A s a n additiona l ai dfo

r observers , asampl e visibl e emissio n observatio n for

mha s bee n appende dt o Metho d203A . 1 . Applicability and

Principle 1. 1 Applicability . Thi s metho di s applicabl e fo

r th e determinatio n o

f th e opacit y o f emission s fro

msource s o

f visibl e emission s fo

r time-exceptio n regulations . A time-exceptio n regulatio n mean s an y regulatio n tha t

allow s predefine dperiod s o f opacity abov e th e otherwis e applicabl e opacity limit . 1. 2 Principle . Th e opacit y o f emission s fromsource s o

f visibl e emission s i s determine dvisuall y b y aqualifie dobserver . 2 . Procedures Th e observe r

qualifie di n accordanc e with sectio n 3 o

f thi s metho dshal l us e th e followin g procedure s fo

r visuall y determinin g th e opacit y o f emissions . 2. 1 Procedure s fo

r Emission s Fro m Stationar y Sources . Sam e a s i n 2.1 , Metho d 203A . 2. 2 Procedure s Fo r

Fugitiv e Proces s Dus t Emissions . Sam e a s 2.2 , Metho d203A . 2. 3 Recordin g Observations . Record opacity observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 15-secon dinterval s o n a n observationa l recor dsheet . Eac h momentary observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e opacity o f emission s fo

r a15-secon dperiod . Th e overal l length o f tim e fo r whic h observation s are recorde dshal l b e appropriat e t o th e applicabl e regulatio n fo

r whic h opacit y i s bein g measured . 2 M Dat aReductio n fo

r Time-Exceptio n Regulations . Fo r

atime-exceptio n regulation , reduc e opacit y observation s a s follows : coun t th e numbe r

o f observation s abov e th e applicabl e standar dan dmultipl y tha t numbe r b y 0.2 5 t o determin e th e minute s o f emission s abov e th e targe t opacity . 3. Qualification and

Testing. Sam e a s sectio n 3 , Metho d203A . 4. References. Sam e a s Sectio n 4 , Metho d 203A . Metho d203C—Visua

l Determinatio n o f Opacit y o f

Emission s Fro mStationar y Source s for

Instantaneou s Limitatio n Regulation s Metho d203 C i s virtuall y identica l t o EPA' s Metho d9 , excep t

fo r th e data-reductio n procedures , whic h hav e bee n modifie dfo r applicatio n t o instantaneou s limitatio n regulations . Additionally , Metho d203 C provide s procedure s fo

r fugitiv e dus t applications , whic h wer e unavailabl e whe n Metho d9 wa s promulgated . Th e certificatio n procedure s i n sectio n 3 are identica l t o Metho d9 . Thes e certificatio n procedure s are provide di n Metho d203 A a s well , and , therefore , hav e not

bee n repeate di n thi s method . A s a n additiona l ai dfo r observers , asampl e visibl e emissio n observatio n for m ha s bee n appende dt o Metho d203A . 1. Applicability and

Principle 1. 1 Applicability . Thi s metho di s applicabl e fo

r th e determinatio n o

f th e opacit y o f emission s fromsource s o f visibl e emission s fo

r instantaneou s limitations . A n instantaneou s limitatio n regulatio n i s a n opacit y limi t

whic h i s neve r

t o b e exceeded . 

### 1. 2 Principle . Th

e opacit y o f emission s fro msource s o

f visibl e emission s i s determine dvisuall y b y aqualifie dobserver . 2. Procedures Th e observe r

qualifie di n accordanc e wit h sectio n 3 o

f thi s metho dshal l us e th e followin g procedure s fo

r visuall y determinin g th e opacit y o f emissions . 2. 1 Procedure s fo

r Emission s Fro m Stationary Sources . Sam e a s 2.1 , Metho d 203A . 2.1. 1 Position . Sam e a s 2.1.1 , Metho d 203A . 2.1. 2 Fiel dRecords . Sam e a s 2.1.2 , Metho d203A . 2.1. 3 Observations . Mak e opacity observation s a

t th e poin t o f greates t opacity i n tha t portio n o f th e plum e wher e condense dwate r

vapo r i s no t present . Do not loo k continuousl y a t

th e plume , instead , observ e th e plum e momentaril y a t th e interva l specifie di n th e subjec t regulation . Unles s otherwis e specified , a15

- secon dobservatio n interva l i s assumed . 2.1.3. 1 Attache dStea mPlumes . Sam e a s 2.1.3.1 , Metho d203A. . 2.1.3. 2 Detache dStea mPlumes . Same a s 2.1.3.1 , Metho d 203A . 2. 2 Procedure s fo

r Fugitiv e Proces s Dus t Emissions . 2.2. 1 Position . Sam e a s sectio n 2.2.1 , Metho d203A . 2.2. 2 Fiel dRecords . Sam e a s sectio n 2.2.2 , Metho d203A . 2.2. 3 Observations . 2.2.3. 1 Observation s fo

r 15-secon d Observatio n Interva l Regulations . Sam e a s sectio n 2.2.3 , Metho d203A . 2.2.3. 2 Observation s fo

r 5-secon d Observatio n Interna l Regulations . Same a s sectio n 2.2.3 , Metho d203A , except , observ e th e plum e momentaril y a t 5-secon dintervals . 2. 3 Recordin g Observations . Record opacit y observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t th e prescribe dinterva l o n a n observationa l recor dshee t

Eac h momentar y observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo r th e prescribe dperiod . I

f a5-secon d observatio n perio di s not

specifie di n th e applicabl e regulation , a15-secon dinterva l i s assumed . Th e overal l tim e fo r whic h recording s ar e mad e shal l b e o f alengt h appropriat e t o th e regulatio n fo r whic h opacit y i s bein g measured . 2.3. 1 Recordin g Observation s fo r 15

- secon dObservatio n Interva l Regulations . Recordopacit y observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 15-secon dinterval s o n a n observationa l recor dsheet . Eac h momentary observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo

r a15-secon dperiod . 2.3. 2 Recordin g Observation s fo r 5

- secon dObservatio n Interva l Regulations . Recordopacity observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 5-secon dinterval s o n a n observationa l recor dshee t Eac h momentary observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo

r 5-secon dperiod . 2. 4 DataReductio n fo

r Instantaneou s Limitatio n Regulations . Fo r a n instantaneou s Hmitatio n regulation , a1-minute averagin g tim e wil l b e used . Divid e th e observation sP.1 2



### si r / Vol . 58 , No . 22 3 /

Monday , November

22 , 199 3 /

Propose dRule s recorde do n th e recor dshee t int o set s o

f consecutiv e observations . A se t i s compose d o f th e consecutiv e observation s mad e i n 1 minute . Set s nee dno t

b e consecutiv e i n time , an di n n o cas e shal l tw o set s overlap . Reduc e opacity observation s b y dividin g th e su mo f al l observation s recorde di n ase t b y th e numbe r o f observation s recofde d i n eac h set . 2.4. 1 DataReductio n fo

r 15-secon d Observatio n Intervals . Reduc e opacity observation s b y averagin g fou r consecutiv e observation s recorde da

t 15-secon dintervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde do n th e recor dshee t

int o set s o f

fou r consecutiv e observations . For

eac h se t o f fou r observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summin g th e opacit y o

f th e fou r observation s an ddividin g thi s su mb y four . 2.-3. 2 Dat

aReductio n fo

r 5-secon d Observatio n Intervals . Reduc e opacity observation s b y averagin g 1 2 consecutiv e observation s recorde da

t 5-secon dintervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde do n th e recor dshee t

int o set s o

f 1 2 consecutiv e observations . Fo r

eac h se t o f 1 2 observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summin g th e opacit y o f th e 1 2 observation s an ddividin g thi s su m b y 12 . 3 . Qualification and

Testing Same a s sectio n 3 , Metho d203A . 4 . References Sam e a s sectio n 4 , Metho d20 3 A . 1203C—Visua

l Determinatio n o f Opacit y o f

Enmissiom

s Fro mStationar y Source s for

Instantaneou s Limitatio n Regulation s Metho d203 C i s virtuall y identica l t o EPA' s Metho d9 , excep t

fo r th e data-reductio n procedures , whic h hav e bee n modifie dfo r applicatio n t o instantaneou s limitatio n regulations. Additionally , Metho d203 C provide s procedure s fo

r fugitiv e dus t applications , whic h wer e unavailabl e whe n Metho d9 was promulgated . Th e certificatio n procedure s i n sectio n 3 ar e identica l t o Metho d9 . Thes e certificatio n procedure s ar e provide di n Metho d203 A a s well , and , therefore , hav e not

bee n repeate di n thi s method . A s a n additiona l ai dfo r observers , asampl e visibl e emissio n observatio n for m ha s bee n appende dt o Metho d203 A a s well . 1. Applicability and

Principle 1. 1 Applicability . Thi s metho di s applicabl e fo

r th e determinatio n o

f th e opacit y o f emission s fro

msource s o

f visibl e emission s fo

r instantaneou s limitations . A n instantaneou s limitatio n regulatio n i s a n opacit y limi t

whic h i s neve r

to b e exceeded . 1. 2 Principle . Th e opacit y o f emission s fromsource s o

f visibl e emission s i s determine dvisuall y b y aqualifie dobserver . 2. Procedures Th e observe r

qualifie di n accordanc e wit h sectio n 3 o

f thi s metho dshal l us e th e followin g procedure s fo

r visuall y determinin g th e opacit y o f emissions . 2. 1 Procedure s for

Emission s Fro m Stationar y Sources . Sam e a s 2.1 , Metho d 203A . 2.1. 1 Position . Sam e a s 2.1.1 , Metho d 203A . 2.1. 2 Fiel dRecords . Sam e a s 2.1.2 , Metho d203A . 2.1. 3 Observations . Mak e opacity observation s a

t th e poin t o f greates t opacit y i n tha t portio n o f

th e plum e wher e condense dwate r

vapo r i s no t present . D o not loo k continuousl y a

t th e plume , instead , observ e th e plum e momentaril y a t th e interva l specifie di n th e subjec t regulation . Unles s otherwis e specified , a15

- secon dobservatio n interva l i s assumed . 2.1.3. 1 Attache dSteamPlumes . Sam e a s 2.1.3.1 . Metho d203A . 2.1.3. 2 Detache dSteamPlumes . Same a s 2.1.3.2 , Metho d203A . 2. 2 Procedure s fo

r Fugitiv e Proces s Dus t Emissions . 2.2. 1 Position . Same a s sectio n 2.2.1 . Metho d203A . 2.2. 2 Fiel dRecords . Same a s sectio n 2.2.2 . Metho d203A . 2.2. 3 Observations . 2.2.3. 1 Observation s fo

r 15-secon d Observatio n Interva l Regulations . Sam e a s sectio n 2.2.3 , Metho d203A . 2.2.3. 2 Observation s fo

r 5-secon d Observatio n Interva l Regulations . Sam e a s sectio n 2.2.3 , Metho d203A , except , observ e th e plum e momentaril y a t 5-secon dintervals . 2. 3 Recordin g Observations . Record opacit y observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t th e prescribe dinterva l o n a n observationa l recor dsheet . Eac h momentary observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo r th e prescribe dperiod . I

f a5-secon d observatio n perio di s no t

specifie di n th e applicabl e regulation , a15-secon dinterva l i s assumed . Th e overal l tim e fo r whic h recording s are mad e shal l b e o f alength appropriat e t o th e regulatio n fo r whic h opacit y i s bein g measured . 2.3. 1 Recordin g Observation s fo r 15

- secon dObservatio n Interva l Regulations . Recor dopacit y observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 15-secon dinterval s o n an observationa l recor dsheet . Eac h momentar y observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo

r a15-secon dperiod . 2.3. 2 Recordin g Observation s fo r 5

- secon dObservatio n Interva l Regulations . Recordopacity observation s t o th e neares t 5 percen t a t 5-secon dinterval s o n a n observationa l recor dsheet . Eac h momentar y observatio n recorde drepresent s th e averag e o f emission s fo

r a5-secon dperiod . 2. 4 DataReductio n fo

r Instantaneou s Limitatio n Regulations . Fo r a n instantaneou s limitatio n regulation , a1-minute averagin g tim e wil l b e used . Divid e th e observation s recorde do n th e recor dshee t int o set s o f consecutiv e observations . A se t i s compose d o f th e consecutiv e observation s mad e i n 1 minute . Set s nee dnot

b e consecutiv e i n time , an di n n o cas e shal l tw o set s overlap . Reduc e opacit y observation s b y dividin g th e su mo f al l observation s recorde di n ase t b y th e numbe r o f observation s recorde di n eac h set . 2.4. 1 Dat

aReductio n fo

r 15-secon d Observatio n Intervals . Reduc e opacit y observation s b y averagin g four consecutiv e observation s recorde da t

15-secon dintervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde do n th e recor dshee t

int o set s o

f four consecutiv e observations . Fo r

eac h se t o f four observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summin g th e opacit y o

f th e fou r observation s an ddividin g thi s su mb y four . 2.4. 2 DataReductio n fo r 5-secon d Observatio n Intervals . Reduc e opacity observation s b y averagin g 1 2 consecutiv e observation s recorde da t

5-secon dintervals . Divid e th e observation s recorde do n th e recor dshee t

int o set s o

f 1 2 consecutiv e observations . Fo r

eac h se t o f 1 2 observations , calculat e th e averag e b y summin g tb e opacit y o f th e 1 2 observation s an ddividin g thi s su m b y 12 . 3. Qualification and

Testing Same a s sectio n 3 , Metho d203A . <5 . References Same a s sectio n 4 , Metho d203A . TABL E 1.—SMOK E METE R DESIG N AN D PERFORMANC E SPECIFICATION S Paramete r

b . Spectra l respons e o f photocell . , c . Angl e o f vie w d . Angl e o t projectio n a . Calibratio n erro r... . t . Zer o an d spa n drif

t g . Respons

e tim e Specificatio n

Incandescent lam p operate d a

f nomi na l rate d voltage . Photopi c (dayligh t spectra l response o f th s human eye

— Referenc e 4. 1 o f sectio n 4) . 1 5 degrees maximu m tota l angle . 1 5 degree s maximu m tota l angle . ±3-parcan t opacity , maKimum . ±l-parcen t opacity , 3 0 minutes . ^ 5 seconds . IF RDoc . 93-2861 9 File d11-19-93 ; 8:4 5 am i BILLIN G COD E GSS0-5O- ? m cm (Par t 72 1 [OPPTS-50S10 ; FRL-3186-2 J RU N 2070-AB2 7 S I AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . ACTION : Propose drule . SUMMARY

: EP A i s proposin g asignifican t ne w us e rul e (SNUR ) unde r sectio n 5(a)(2 ) o f th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Ac t (TSCA ) fo r

al l acrylat e ester s fallin g withi n th e definitio n propose di n thi s rul e (acrylat e substances) . Person s wishin g t o manufacture , o r impor t suc h substances , no t

appearin g upo n th e TSC A Chemica l Substance s Inventor y (th e Inventory ) a s o f

th e propose ddat e o f thi s rule , fo r

asignifican t

ne w use , woul db e abl e t o submi t acombine d Premanufactur a(PMN ) an dSignifican t Ne w Us e Notic e (SNUN) . Thes e person s wishin g t o manufacture , import , o r process , fo r

asignifican t

ne w use , a n acrylat e substanc e subsequentl y place d