[Cite as Five Star Fin. Corp. v. Merchants Bank & Trust Co., 2013-Ohio-3097.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO 

HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO 

FIVE STAR FINANCIAL 

CORPORATION, 

and 

STEVEN A. WINTER, 

 Plaintiffs-Appellants, 

 vs. 

MERCHANTS BANK AND TRUST CO., 

DON PATTERSON, 

PAUL SILVA, 

and 

MARK SAMS, 

 Defendants-Appellees. 

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APPEAL NO. C-120814 

TRIAL NO. A-0800266 

 A-0911042 

 

O P I N I O N.

 

Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas 

 

Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed 

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: July 17, 2013 

Eric C. Deters & Partners, P.S.C., and Eric C. Deters for Plaintiffs-Appellants, 

Ulmer & Bern, LLP, John M. Hands and Pamela Ginsburg for DefendantsAppellees. 

Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

2 

HILDEBRANDT, Judge. 

{¶1} In one assignment of error, Five Star Financial Corporation and Steven 

Winter (collectively “FSFC”) appeal from the trial court’s dismissal of their complaint 

pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(1) for failing to abide by a court order directing them to supply 

Merchants Bank and Trust Co., Don Patterson, Paul Silva, and Mark Sams (collectively 

referred to as “Merchants”) with certain financial documents. We affirm. 

FSFC and the Separate Entity “Five Star” 

{¶2} FSFC was in the business of making residential and commercial real 

estate loans funded in part through loans from other institutions. One of these 

institutions, Merchants, had extended to FSFC a two million dollar line of credit. FSFC 

defaulted. After Merchants obtained a judgment against FSFC, FSFC sued Merchants 

in connection with this loan for fraud in the inducement, negligence, intentional 

infliction of emotional distress, and intentional interference with business relations. 

The basis for some of these claims was that Merchants had wrongfully interfered with 

FSFC’s ability to secure commercial real estate loans. FSFC claimed damages exceeding 

five million dollars. 

{¶3} Steven Winter was deposed in connection with this lawsuit. In pertinent 

part, he testified that his wife, Sarah Winter, had formed a company called 5 Star 

Commercial Capital (“5 Star”) in 2007. He also testified that 5 Star was in the business 

of making commercial loans and that it had made approximately 20 commercial loans a 

year since 2008. Winter later admitted that he, and not his wife, managed 5 Star and 

that he was 5 Star’s president. 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

3 

{¶4} Because it appeared to Merchants that FSFC’s damage claim may have 

been artificially inflated if FSFC had diverted its commercial loan business to 5 Star, in 

December 2011 Merchants began attempts to secure 5 Star’s financial records. 

Merchants’ Failed Attempts to Secure Financial Records 

{¶5} In December 2011, Merchants served 5 Star’s statutory agent, Leo Grote, 

with a subpoena duces tecum requesting 5 Star’s state and federal tax returns, its 

financial statements, its operating agreement and its articles of organization. Grote 

responded that he never had the tax returns for 5 Star and that the balance of the 

requested documents were in FSFC’s possession. Merchants then reissued the 

subpoena duces tecum to Sarah Winter, 5 Star’s alleged founder. On January 6, 2012, 

FSFC’s attorney accepted service of the subpoena on behalf of Sarah. A month later, 

FSFC’s counsel reported that Sarah Winter did not have these documents, that the 

documents had been produced at one of the Winters’s judgment debtor exams and that 

they were in the possession of an attorney named Bryce Lenox. Merchants contacted 

Lenox. Lenox told Merchants that the only 5 Star documents he had were some bank 

statements, but that he only had statements through December 2008. FSFC’s counsel 

then claimed that the documents were most likely in the possession of the Winters’s 

accountant, Neal Schear. Merchants obtained a CD of Schear’s documents. After 

searching through approximately 8,000 pages of documentation, Merchants 

discovered that the CD contained nothing responsive to its subpoena. And FSFC’s 

counsel ignored a request to sign a release so that Merchants could directly obtain 5 

Star’s tax returns from the IRS. 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

4 

The Motion to Compel and Subsequent Hearings

{¶6} On July 9, 2012, six months after serving the subpoena duces tecum on 

Sarah Winters regarding 5 Star’s business records, Merchants filed a motion with the 

trial court to compel compliance with the subpoena. One week before the hearing on 

Merchants’ motion, FSFC claimed for the first time that no tax returns had ever been 

prepared for 5 Star. Following an August 1, 2012 hearing on Merchants’ motion to 

compel, the trial court ordered FSFC to produce the documents requested in the 

subpoena or face dismissal. On August 2, FSFC provided financial documents that it 

had previously given to Merchants pertaining to FSFC, but had revised the 

documents overnight to add 5 Star’s name to them. At the August 2, 2012 hearing, 

Merchants then made a new request of FSFC. Merchants wanted FSFC to produce 

the underlying loan transaction materials and banking statements that would 

support the newly combined financial documents. At the hearing, the trial court told 

FSFC’s attorney to give Merchants’ attorney “whatever he needs” in regard to 5 Star’s 

financial records and warned FSFC that if they did not provide these documents to 

Merchants, the case would be dismissed. 

{¶7} FSFC never provided Merchants with the documents underlying the 

newly combined financial records of FSFC and 5 Star. Following a hearing on 

October 18, the trial court dismissed the case with prejudice. This appeal followed. 

Argument 

{¶8} In their sole assignment of error, FSFC contends that the trial court 

abused its discretion when it dismissed their case because (1) the trial court did not give 

FSFC notice of its intent to dismiss the case (2) FSFC had attempted in good faith to 

comply with the court’s order concerning the requested documents and these 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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documents simply didn’t exist, and (3) the subpoena issued to Sarah Winter was 

unenforceable and could not form the basis for a dismissal. None of these arguments 

have merit. 

Heightened Standard of Review 

{¶9} In pertinent part, Civ.R. 41(B)(1) provides that where a “plaintiff fails to * 

* * comply with * * * any court order, the court upon motion of a defendant or on its 

own motion may, after notice to the plaintiff's counsel, dismiss an action or claim.” The 

decision to dismiss a case under Civ.R. 41(B)(1) is within the discretion of the trial 

court. Quonset Hut Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 80 Ohio St.3d 46, 47, 684 N.E.2d 319 

(1997). 

{¶10} While our review of the trial court’s judgment is deferential, a heighten 

abuse-of-discretion standard of review applies to a trial court’s decision to dismiss a 

case with prejudice for the failure to comply with a court’s order. Jones v. Hartranft, 

78 Ohio St.3d 368, 372, 678 N.E.2d 530 (1997). We must determine whether the trial 

court carefully and cautiously exercised its discretion before we will uphold the 

dismissal of a case with prejudice on purely procedural grounds. DeHart v. Aetna Life 

Ins. Co., 69 Ohio St.2d 189, 192, 431 N.E.2d 644 (1982). The trial court’s judgment will 

be affirmed where the conduct of the plaintiff was “so negligent, irresponsible, 

contumacious or dilatory as to outweigh the policy that disposition of litigation should 

be upon its merits.” Evans v. Smith, 75 Ohio App.3d 160, 163, 598 N.E.2d 1287 (1st 

Dist.1991); see Toney v. Berkemer, 6 Ohio St.3d 455, 458, 453 N.E.2d 700 (1983). A 

trial court may look to the entire history of the case when making such a ruling. Russo 

v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 36 Ohio App.3d 175, 178, 521 N.E.2d 1116 (9th 

Dist.1987). 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

6 

The Dismissal was a Proper Exercise of the Court’s Discretion 

{¶11} Here, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

dismissing FSFC’s complaint with prejudice. First, despite FSFC’s assertions to the 

contrary, the trial court informed FSFC on August 2, 2012, that it would dismiss their 

case if FSFC did not comply with the trial court’s order directing them to provide 

Merchants with financial documentation pertaining to 5 Star. And FSFC was given ten 

weeks after this warning to comply. Second, it is evident from the record that FSFC 

acted in an irresponsible and dilatory manner. If the documents that FSFC now claim 

never existed do not exist, then FSFC should have alerted Merchants to this fact at the 

earliest possible time. Instead, Merchants diligently pursued each lead provided by 

FSFC without success. And it appears that Steven Winter either lied under oath about 5 

Star’s business activities or that Winter lied about having no documentation to support 

the 20 commercial loans a year that he claimed 5 Star had transacted. 

{¶12} Before ruling, the trial court also properly considered other matters. 

Aside from Merchants’ struggles to obtain 5 Star’s financial information, FSFC had 

mislead Merchants concerning the existence of medical providers who had allegedly 

treated Winter for conditions related to Winter’s intentional infliction of emotional 

distress claim. In response to a discovery request for the names of doctors who had 

treated Winter for emotional issues, FSFC provided Merchants with the names of 

doctors who had performed Winters’s routine skin cancer screenings and of a provider 

who had treated Winter for gout and for a toenail injury. 

{¶13} FSFC’s repeated “hide-the-ball” tactics concerning 5 Star’s financial 

records combined with FSFC’s other misrepresentations in the discovery process 

warranted the trial court’s decision to dismiss FSFC’s case with prejudice. 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

7 

Sarah Winter’s Subpoena is Irrelevant 

{¶14} FSFC claims that the trial court’s judgment must be reversed because 

Sarah Winter’s subpoena lacked language required by Civ.R. 45(A) and was therefore 

unenforceable. See Cincinnati Bar Assn. v. Adjustment Serv. Corp., 89 Ohio St.3d 

385, 732 N.E.2d 362 (2000). Since the subpoena was unenforceable, FSFC argues, a 

failure to comply with the subpoena could not form the basis for the trial court’s 

dismissal. But the court’s dismissal was not based on FSFC’s failure to comply with the 

subpoena issued to Sarah Winter. Instead, the dismissal was premised on FSFC’s 

failure to comply with the court’s August 2, 2012 order to provide Merchants with the 

underlying documentation that supported FSFC’s newly created combined financial 

records of FSFC and 5 Star. This argument, therefore, has no merit. 

Conclusion 

{¶15} In sum, we hold that the trial court properly exercised its discretion 

when it dismissed FSFC’s case with prejudice under Civ.R. 41(B)(1) for FSFC’s failure to 

comply with a court order. The assignment of error is overruled. The trial court’s 

judgment is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

HENDON, P.J., and FISCHER, J., concur. 

Please note: 

 The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.