______ 

OAR Box 1168 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

96) ll-C-25 

Docket Number: 

A-89-10 

Printed 4/29/2008 11:23:20 AM Sheet 96 of 131 
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A-89-10 

II-C-25 

-* i t^\nn\ \\ rNote to: Drafting Work Group 

Enclosed is a revised draft of the strawman equipment leak rule. In 

this, we have used the organization of the benzene equipment leak rule 

(Subpart V) and have shown the new material as redlined text and the revised 

provisions as strike-out text. Requirements for the QI programs and for batch 

processes are not included in this draft. We will add these to the regulation 

after the Committee has reached substantive agreement on those areas. 

Because there are many small details that need to be worked out, we 

anticipate that, this will be the first of many drafts. We look forward to 

discussing with you on July 9th your suggestions for improving the 

organization and drafting of this rule. 

Sincerely, 

Robert L. Ajax 

Chief 

Standards Development Branch 

1 Enclosure 

• 

cc: Kathy Bailey 

Larry Goodheart 

Tom Kittleman 

Harvel Rogers 

Ellen Siegler 

Note: In this draft, we have focused on the content of the provisions. Consequently, 

the cross references to the other paragraphs and sections of the regulation may 

be incorrect, and should be viewed as preliminary. 
P.3 

& • 

DmFT. 

National Emission Standard 

JUN 2 6 IS90 

3. For Equipment Leaks (Fugitive Emission Sources) 

§XX.X0 Applieabllity and designation of sources. 

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to each of the following 

sources that arc intended to.operate in volatile hazardous air pollutant 

-(•WAP) service;—pumps, compressors, pressure relief devices, sampling 

connection systems, open ended valves or lines, valves, flanges and other 

connectors, product accumulator vessels, and control devices or systems 

required by this subpart. 

(b) The provisions of this subpart apply to the sources listed in 

paragraph (a) after the date of promulgation of a specific subpart in Part 61. 

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the, following equipment 

within a process unit that uses or makes as an intermediate or final product 

any of the chemicals listed in Appendix , that are intended to operate in 

volatile hazardous air pollutant.(VHAP) service: pumps, compressors, agitator 

seals, pressure relief devices, sampling, connection':systemsvopen-endM valves 

or lines, valves, flanges and other connectors, product accumulator vessels, 

and control devices or systems required by this subpart. 

(eb) While the provisions of this subpart are effective, a source to 

which this subpart applies that is also subject to the provisions of 40 CFR 

Part 60 only will be required to comply with the provisions of this subpart. 

§XX.X1 Definitions. 

As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the 

meaning given them in the Act, in Subpart A of Part 61, or in specific 

subparts of Part 61; and the following terms shall have specific meaning given 

them: 
; •• » 

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"Closed-vent system" means a system that is not open to atmosphere and 

that is composed of piping, connections, and, if necessary, flow-inducing 

devices that transport gas or vapor from a piece or pieces of equipment to a 

control device. 

"Connector" means flanged, screwed, welded, or other joined fittings 

used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a piece of equipment. For 

the purpose of reporting and recordkeeping, connector means flanged fittings 

that are not covered by insulation or other materials that prevent location of 

the fittings. 

"Control device" means an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery 

system, or flare. 

"Double block and bleed system" means two block valves connected in 

series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the two block 

valves. 

"Equipment" means each pump, compressor, agitator seal, pressure relief 

device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, flange or 

other connector, product accumulator vessel in VHAP service, and any control 

devices or systems required by this subpart. 

"First attempt at repair" means to take rapid action for the purpose of 

stopping or reducing leakage of organic material to atmosphere using best 

practices. 

"In gas/vapor service" means that a piece of equipment contains a gas or 

vapor at operating conditions. 

"In heavy liquid service" means that a piece of equipment is not in 

gls/vapor service or in light liquid serviced 
P.5 

,'^l?^pB^*f.^^rvtcs,, meafiS

 th*t a piece of equipment contains a 

liqui(frt|i;^^^i|Sfrfel1owin^ conditions: 

(ajs TffFfSjfcFlifte&re of one or more of the components is greater tharf 

0.3 kPa at 20*C. Vapor pressures may be obtained from standard reference 

texts or ia# fcs deterained by ASTM D-287S (incorporated by reference a$ 

specified in §60.17},' 

(b) The iota? concentration of the pure components having a vapor 

pressure greater than 0.3 kPa at 20*C is equal to or greater than 20 per«f§|f 

by weight_ and 

{£} The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions, 

"In liquid service" means that a piece of equipment is not in gas/vapor 

service. 

"In-situ sampling systems" means nonextractive samplers or in-line 

samplers. 

"In vacuum service" means that equipment is operating at an internal 

pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals (kPa) below ambient pressure. 

"In VHAP service" means that a piece of equipment either contains or 

contacts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least W 5 percent by weight a 

hazardous air pollutant (VHAP) as determined according to the provisions of 

§XX.X5(d). The provisions of §XX.X5(d) also specify how to determine that a 

piece of equipment is not in VHAP service. 

"In VOC service" means, for the purposes of this subpart, that (a) the 

piece of equipment contains or contacts a process fluid that is at least 4-9 5 

percent VOC by weight (see 40 CFR 60.2 for the definition of volatile organic 

compound or VOC and 40 CFR 60.485(d) to determine whether a piece of equipment 
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is not in VOC service) and (b) the piece of equipment is not in heavy liquid 

service as defined in 40 CFR 60.481. 

"Open-ended valve or line" means any valve, except pressure relief 

valves, having one side of the valve seat in contact with process fluid and 

one side open to atmosphere, either directly or through open piping. 

"Pressure release" means the emission of materials resulting from the 

system pressure being greater than the set pressure of the pressure relief 

device. 

"Process unit" means equipment assembled to produce a VHAP or its 

derivatives as intermediates or final products, or equipment assembled to use 

a VHAP in the production of a product. A process unit can operate 

independently if supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and sufficient 

product storage facilities. 

"Process unit shutdown" means a work practice or operational procedure 

that stops production from a pracoss unit or part of a process unit results in 

cTeari hg;?;6f;• all';process material from:;*arprocess;uni t:or part;:0f -j. process unit 

so thatrepairs can be^ effected. An unscheduled work practice or operational 

procedure that stops production from a process unit or part of a process unit 

for less than 24 hours is not a process unit shutdown. The use of spare 

equipment and technically feasible bypassing of equipment without stopping 

production are not process unit shutdowns. 

"Product accumulator vessel" means any distillate receiver, bottoms 

receiver, surge control vessel, or product separator in VHAP service that is 

vented to atmosphere either directly or through a vacuum-producing system. A 

product accumulator vessel is in VHAP service if the liquid or the vapor in 

the vessel is at least 44 S percent by weight VHAP. 
t. 

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"Repaired" means that equipment is adjusted, or otherwise altered, to 

eliminate a Teafc as indicated by one of tho following;—an instrument reading 

of 10,000 ppm or greater, indication of liquids dripping, or indication by a 

sensor that a seal or barrier fluid system has failed defined in the 

appropriate sections. 

"Semiannual" means a 6-month period; the first semiannual period 

concludes on the last day of the last month during the 180 days following 

initial startup for new sources; and the first semiannual period concludes on 

the last day of the last full month during the 180 days after the effective 

date of a specific subpart that references this subpart for existing sources. 

"Sensor" means a device that measures a physical quantity or the change 

in a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, pH, or 

1iquid level. 

"Volatile hazardous air pollutant" or "VHAP" means a substance regulated 

under this part for-which a standard for equipment leaks of tho substance has 

been proposed and promulgated.—Benzene-is a -VHAP-:—Vinyl chloride is a VHAP. 

listed in Appendix .; 

§XX.X2-1 Standards: General. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart 

shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of §XX.X2-1 to §XX.X2-4-H3 

for each new and existing source as required in 40 CFR 61.05, except as 

provided in §XX.X3 and §XX.X4. 

(b) Compliance with this subpart will be determined by review of 

records, review of performance test results, and inspection using the methods 

and procedures specified in §XX.X5. 
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(c)(1) An owner or operator may request a determination of equivalent 

means of emission limitation to the requirements of §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-5, §XX.X2-6, §XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-9, -ami §XX.X2-11, |||f||§||| 

and §XX.X2-13 as provided in §XX.X4. 

(2) If the Administrator makes a determination that a means of emission 

limitation is at least equivalent to the requirements of §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-5, §XX.X2-6, §XX.X2-7, §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2'-9 or §XX.X2-11, §XX_X2-12, or 

§XX.X2-13, an owner or operator shall comply with the_requirements of that 

determination. 

(d) Each piece of equipment in a process unit to which this subpart 

applies shall be marked identified 4* such a manner that it can be 

distinguished readily from other pieces of equipment equipment that is not 

subject to this subpart. Identification of the equipment does not require 

physical tagging of the equipment. For example,^ 

identified on a plant site plan,' in log entries, or by designation of process 

unit boundaries by spray paint. 

(e) Equipment that is in vacuum service is excluded from the 

requirements of §XX.X2-2 to §XX,X2-44-13 if it is identified as required in 

§XX.X6(e)(5). 

§XX.X2- .Z-2Z Standards Standards:: Pump Pumpss i inn ligh lightt liqui liquidd service service. . 

(a)(1)- Each pump shall bo monitored monthly to detect 1 

-.Hr. r.r-.w-ifi_-rl i n KXY YtWh. _vfi*r*t nr. nynu.Hnrl i »v KYY .0 

eaks by the 

methods specified in §XX.X5(b), except as provided in* §XX.X2 1(c) and 

paragraphs (d), (o), and (f) of this section. 

(2) Each pump shall be checked by visual inspection each calendar week 

for indications of liquids-dripping from the pump seal. 
P.9 

(b)(1) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

leak is detected. 

(2) If there are indications of liquids dripping from tho pump seal, a 

leak is detected. 

(a) The provisions of this section apply to each pump in VHAP service 

that contains a light liquid. 

(1) The provisions are implemented for existing and new process units 

in the stages specified below: 

(i) For existing process units, the phases of the standard are: 

(A) Phase I, beginning 90 days after promulgation of this subpar||a|| 

ending 1 year after promulgation; 

(B) Phase II, beginning after the conclusion of Phase 1 (i.e., 366 days 

after promulgation) and ending 3 years after promulgation of this subpart; and 

(C) Phase III,, beginning 3 years and* 1 day after promuTgatiori of this 

subpart and continuing indefinitely. 

(ii) For new process units, the applicable phases of the standard are: 

(A) At startup, comply with the Phase II requirements. 

(B) Beginning 1 year after startup, comply with the Phase III 

requirements. 

(2) The owner or operator of an affected process unit may elect to meet 

the requirements of a later phase during the time-period specified ^or an 

earlier phase. 

(3) The provisions for existing process units apply to process; units 

that commenced construction before [ date of proposal in the FEDERAL; REGISTER 

]; the provisions for new process units apply to units the construction or 
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modification of which commences after [ date of proposal in the FEDERAL 

REGISTER]. 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor each 

pump in VHAP service monthly and shall comply with the requirements of 

paragraphs (c) - (d), except as provided in paragraphs (e), (f), and (g) of 

this section. 

(1) The pumps shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method specified 

in §XX.X5(b>. 

(2) The instrument reading that defines a leak in each Phase of the 

lllndard is: 

(i) For phase I, an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm, or greater, 

(ii) For phase II, an instrument reading of 1,000 ppm, or greater, 

(iii) For phase III, an instrument reading of 1,000 ppm, or greater. 

(3) Each pump shall be checked by visual inspection each calendar weak 

for indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. If there are 

indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal, a leak is detected. 

(c)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(d) In Phase III, if 10 percent or greater, or 2 pumps or greater of the 

pumps in a process unit leak, whichever is larger, the owner or operator shall 

implement a quality improvement program for pumps that complies with the 

requirements of §XX.X3( }.. The number of pumps at a process unit shall be: the 
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sum of pumps ^quipped with dual mechanical seals, pumps designated for no 

detectable en^sforts** and the pumps subject to monthly monitoring. 

(de) Each pump equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes 

a barrier fluid system is included in the calculation of percent leaking 

pumps, but is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (*a|), provided the 

following requirements are met: 

(1) Each dual mechanical seal system is: 

(i) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times 

greater than the pump stuffing box pressure; or 

(ii) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is connected 

by a closed-vent system to a control device that complies with the 

requirements of §XX.X2-11; or 

(iii) Equipped with a system that purges the barrier fluid into a 

process stream with zero VHAP emissions to atmosphere. 

(2) The barrier fluid is not in VHAP service and, if the pump is covered 

by standards under 40 CFR Part 60, is not in VOC service. 

(3) Each barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect 

failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. 

(4) Each pump is checked by visual inspection each calendar week for 

indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. 

(i) If there are indications of liquid dripping from the pump seal at . 

the time of the weekly inspection, the pump shall be monitored as specified in 

§XX.X5to determine the presence of VOC and VHAP in the barrier fluid. 

(ii) If the monitor reading (taking into account any background 

readings) indicates the presence of VHAP, a leak is detected.—For tho purpose 

of this paragraph, the monitor may bo calibrated with VHAP, or may employ a 
p.i; 

gas chromatography column to limit tho response of the monitor to VHAP, at the 

option of th^-^CTOf or operator. 

(444 if) If an instrument reading of 10,000 |f$$G ppm or greater (total 

TOG-)- is measured, a leak is detected. 

(5) Each sensor as described in paragraph (d|)(3) of this section is 

checked daily or is equipped with an audible alarm. 

(6)(i) The owner or operator determines, based on design considerations 

and operating experience, criteria applicable to the presence and frequency of 

drips and to the sensor that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier 

fluid system, or both. .

 r "~ 

(ii) If indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal exceed the 

criteria established in paragraph (6)(i), or if, based on the criteria 

established in paragraph (6)(i), the sensor indicates 4ndicates'failure of the 

seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both, a leak is detected. 

(iii) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(iv) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(ef) Any pump that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(e)(2), for no 

detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 

ppm above background during Phase I and less than 50 ppm above background 

during Phases II and III, is included in the calculation of percent leaking 

pumps but is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (ab), (ed), and (de) 

if the pump: 

(1) Has no externally actuated shaft penetrating the pump housing, 

10 
P.13 

(2) Is demonstrated to be operating with no detectable emissions, as 

indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 ppm above background 

during Phase'Tend less than 50 ppm above background during Phases II and III, 

as measured by the method specified in §XX.X5(c), and 

*. 

(3) Is tested for compliance with paragraph (e*f)(2) initially upon 

designation, annually, and at other times requested by the Administrator. 

(•fcjj) If any pump is equipped with a closed-vent system capable of 

capturing and transporting any leakage from the seal or seals to a control 

device that complies with the requirements of §XX.X2-11, it is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraphs (ab)-(ef). :; . . ., 

(§h) Any pump that is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant 

site is exempt from the weekly visual inspection requirement of paragraphs 

(a)(2) and (d)(1) (b.r(3*^£^.te)T*| of this section, and the daily 

requirements of paragraph (de)(5)(i) of this section, provided that each pump 

is visually inspected as often as practicable and at least monthly. 

§XX.X2-3 Standards: Compressors. 

(a) Each compressor shall be equipped with a seal system that includes a 

barrier fluid system and that prevents leakage of process fluid to atmosphere, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c) and paragraphs (hj and (i) of this section. 

(b) Each compressor seal system as required in paragraph (a) shall be: 

(1) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is greater than 

the compressor stuffing box pressure; or 

(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid system that is connected by a 

closed-vent system to a control device that complies with the requirements of 

§XX.X2-11; or 

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(3) Equipped with a system that purges the barrier fluid into a process 

stream with zero VHAP emissions to atmosphere. 

(c) The barrier fluid shall not be in VHAP service and, if the 

compressor is covered by standards under 40 CFR Part 60, shall not be in VOC • 

service. 

(d) Each barrier fluid system as described in paragraphs (a)-(c) shall 

be equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, barrier 

fluid system, or both. 

(e)(1) Each sensor as required in paragraph (d) shall be checked daily 

or shall be equipped with an audible alarm unless the compressor is located 

within the boundary on an unmanned plant site. 

(2) The owner or operator shall determine, based on design 

considerations and operating experience, a criterion that indicates failure of 

the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. 

(f) If the sensor indicates- failure.of the seal- system, the barrier 

fluid system, or both based on the Mterion determined *;-.der paragraph •-;:-) 

of this section, a leak is detected. 

(g)(1) '..hen a leak is detected, it :nall be'repaired as .oon _*_ 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(h) A compressor is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a) and 

(b) if it is equipped with a closed-vent system capable of capturing and 

transporting any leakage from the seal to a control device that complies with 

the requirements of §XX.X2-11, except as provided in paragraph (i). 

12 
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(i) Any compressor that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(e)(2), for 

no detectable* emissions as indicated by an instrument.reading of less than -5W 

2 | ppm above background is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a)-(h) 

if the compressor:' 

(1) Is demonstrated to be operating with no detectable emissions, as 

indicated by an instrument reading of less than SQQ 25 ppm above background, 

as measured by the method specified in §XX.X5(c); and 

(2) Is tested for compliance with paragraph (i)(l) initially upon 

designation, annually, and at other times requested by the Administrator. 

§XX.X2-4 Standards: Pressure relief devices in gas/vapor service. 

(a) Except during pressure releases, each pressure relief device in 

gas/vapor service shall be operated with no detectable emissions, as indicated 

by an instrument reading of less than %QQ 25 ppm above background, as measured 

by the method specified in §XX.X5(c). 

(b)(1) After each pressure release, the pressure relief device.shall be 

returned, to a condition of *.o detectable emissions, as indicated by an 

instrument reading of less than 5-0*3 25 ppm above background, as soon as 

practicable, but no later than 5 calenda lays after each pressure release. 

(2) No later than 5 calendar days after the pressure release, the 

pressure relief device shall be monitored to confirm the condition of no 

detectable emissions, as indicated jy an instrument reading of less than §00 

25 ppm above background, as measured by the method specified in §XX.X5(c). 

(c) Any pressure relief device that is equipped with a closed-vent 

system capable of capturing and transporting leakage from the pressure relief 

device to a control device as described in §XX.X2-11 is exempt from the 

requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b). 

13 
P.16 

§XX.X2-5 Standards: Sampling connection systems. 

(a) Each sampling connection system shall be equipped with a 

closed-purge system or closed vent system, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(b) Each closed-purge system or closed vent system as required in 

paragraph (a) shall: 

(1) Return the purged process fluid directly to the process line with 

zero VHAP emissions to atmosphere; or 

(2) Collect and recycle the purged process fluid with zero VHAP 

emissions to atmosphere; or 

(3) Be designed and operated to capture and transport all the purged 

process fluid to a control device that complies with the requirements of 

§XX.X2-11. 

(c) In-situ sampling systems are exempt from the requirements of 

paragraphs (a) and (b). 

§XX.X2-5 Standards: Open-ended valves or lines. 

;a)(l) Each cpen-er.ded valve .r ;ire .", _':!-::*e •*••*.:••; :-•_ .•; -.*,: .:i a :•:. :' 

flange , plug , o r a secon d valve , excep t _s p*". r _ed

 : ; -:...•._-_•..;. 

(2) The cap, blind flange, plug, or -econd valve _-_M :e_! .'~e .-.en ••*. "... 

at all times except during operations requiring process fluid flow through the 

open-ended valve or line. 

(b) Each open-ended valve or line equipped with a second valve shall be 

operated in a manner such that the valve on the process fluid end is closed 

before the second valve is closed. 

(c) When a double block and bleed system is being used, the bleed valve 

or line may remain open during operations that require venting the line 

14 
P.17 

between the block valves but shall comply with paragraph (a) at all other 

times. r-y: 

§XX.X2-7 Standards: Valves in gas/vapor service and in light liquid service. 

(a) Each valve shall be monitored monthly to detect leaks by tho method 

specified in §XX.X5(b) and shall comply with paragraphs (b) (o), except as 

provided in paragraphs (f), (g), and (h) of this section, §XX.X3 1 or 

§XX.X3 2, and §XX.X2 1(c). 

(b) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

leak is detected. 

(c)(1) Any valve for which a leak is not detected for 2 successive 

months may be monitored the first month of every quarter, beginning with tho 

next quarter, until a leak is detected. 

(2)'If a leak is detected, the valve shall be monitored monthly until a 

leak is not detected for 2 successive months.---

(a) The provisions of this -section apply to valves in VHAP service that 

contain process fluid that is either a gas at operating conditions or is a 

1ight 1iquid. 

.(1) The provisions are implemented for existing and new process units 

in the stages specified below: 

(i) For existing* process units, the phases of the standard are: 

(ApPfiase. ,1,:::begihriing:;*9Q;-ciays after promulgation of thi s subpart and 

ending 1 year after promulgation; 

(B) Phase II, beginning after the conclusion of Phase I (i.e., 366 days 

after promulgation) and ending 3 years after promulgation of this subpart; and 

(C) Phase III, beginning 3 years and 1 day after promulgation of this 

subpartfand;xdntihuing^ ihdefini tely•*.*: 

15 
P.18 

(ii) FoKgggti process units, the applicable phases of the standard are: 

(A) At ||§fiup, coittply with the Phase II requirements. 

(B) Beginning 1 year after startup, comply with the Phye,i n 

requirements. 

(2) The owner or operator of an affected process unit may elect to meet 

the requirements of a later phase during the time period specified for an 

earlier phase. 

(3) The provisions for existing process units apply to process units 

that commenced construction before [ date of proposal in the FEDERAL REGISTER 

]: the provisions for new process units apply to units the construction or 

modification of which commences after [ date of proposal in the FEDERAL 

REGISTER] 

(b) The owner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor all 

valvestin: VHAP;-service, except as provided in;par^^ (i) of 

this section, at the intervals specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 

section and shall comply with paragraphs (e) - (k) of this section, except as 

provided in §XX.X2-10 and §XX.X4-1. 

(1) The valves shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method 

specified in §XX.X5 (b). 

(2) The instrument reading that defines a Teak in each Phase of the 

standard is : 

(i) For phase I, an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm, or greater.: 

(ii) For phase II, an instrument reading of 500 ppm, or greater, 

(iii) For phase III, an instrument reading of 500 ppm, or greater. 

(c) In Phases I and II, each valve, shall be monitored monthly-;; 

16 
M 9 

(1) An^alv e for which:a leak is:not|detected for;?2 successivevmonths 

may be monitoihffd the first month of evefyi quarterv; beg inning with the next 

quarter, until a leak is detected. 

(d) In Phase III, the owner or operator shall monitor valves for leaks 

at "the? intervals; specified below: 

.";('!) At ^process'uni ts wi th 2 percent or greater 1 eaki ng|yalyes, 

caYculated^asff average of 2 consecutive periddspthe^bwheror 

operator shallei ther: 

(i) monitor each valve once per month; or 

(ii) implement a quality impr ement program for valves that complies 

with the requirements of §XX.X3. 

(2) At process units with less than 2 percent leaking valves, the owner 

or operator shall monitor each valve in VHAP service once each quarter, until 

a leak is detected. 

(3) At process units with less than 1 percent leaking valves, the owner 

or operator may monitor each valve in VHAP service once every 2 quarters. 

(4) At process units with less than 0.5 percent leaking valves, the 

owner or operator may monitor each valve in VHAP service once every 4 

quarters. 

(de)(l) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but no later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(3) When <. leak is. detected, the valve shall be monitored monthly until 

a leak is not: detected for.2 successive months. 

17 
(ef) First attempts at repair include, but are not limited to, the 

following bestj^practices where practicable: 

*tJ_>. 

(1) Tightening of bonnet bolts; 

(2) Replacement of bonnet bolts; 

(3) Tightening of packing gland nuts; and 

(4) Injection of lubricant into lubricated packing. 

(•fg) Any valve that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(e)(2), for no 

detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 

ppm above background during Phase I and 25 ppm abbye background during5Phases 

II and III, is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (ab) if the valve: 

(1) Has no external actuating mechanism in contact with the process 

fluid; 

(2) Is operated with emissions less than 500 ppm above background during 

Phase I and less than 25 ppm above background during Phases II and III, as 

measured by the method specified in §XX.X5'(c); and 

(3) Is tested for compliance with paragraph (*fg)(2) initially upon 

designation, annually, and at other times requested by tr.e Administrator. 

(§h) Any valve that is designated, as described in §XX.X5(f)(1). as an 

unsafe-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) if: 

(1) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates that the valve is 

unsafe to monitor because monitoring personnel would be exposed to an 

immediate danger as a consequence of complying with paragraph (b); and 

(2) The owner or operator of the valve has a written plan that requires 

monitoring of the valve as frequent as practicable during safe-to-monitor 

times. 

18. 
P.21 

(Hi) Any valve that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(f)(2), as a 

difficult-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) 

if: 

(1) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates that the valve 

cannot be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 

meters above a support surface; 

(2) The process unit within which the valve is located is an existing 

process unit; and 

(3) The owner or operator of the valve follows a written plan that 

requires monitoring of the valve at least once per calendar year. 

(j) Any equipment located at a plant site with less than 250 valves in 

VHAP service is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this 

section. The owner or operator shall monitor each valve in VHAP service for 

leaks once each quarter. 

(k) For use in determining monitoring frequency, as specified in 

paragraph (d) of this section, the percent leaking valves shall be calculated 

as a rolling average of I consecutive monitoring periods for monthly, 

quarterly, or semiannual monitoring programs: as an average of 3 of 4 

consecutive monitoring periods for annual monitoring programs. 

(1) Nonrepairable valves shall be included in the calculation of percent 

leaking valves:-the: first time* the valve is identified as leaking and 

nonrepairable and as required to comply with paragraph (k)(2). Otherwise, a 

number of nonrepairable valves upfto a maximum of 1 percent of the total 

number of valves in VHAP service may be excluded from calculation of percent 

leaking valves for subsequent monitoring periods. 

19 
(2) If the number of nonrepairable valves exceeds I percent of the total 

number of valvjji- in VHAP service at a process'7unit,|p'e':;:numbps'0f: 

nonrepairable valves exceeding 1 percent shall be' included -iri ;the* calculation 

of percent leaking valves. 

§XX.X2-8 Standards: Pumps, valves, flanges and other;'connectorsi'and 

agitator seals in heavy liquid service, arid pressure relief devices in light 

liquid or heavy liquid service and flanges and other connectors. 

(a) Pumps, valves, flanges and other connectors, and agitator seals in 

heavy liquid service, and pressure relief devices in light:;^ 

liquid service and'flanges and other connectors shall be. mon,itor,e,dJw.ji^bi,nJ 5 

days by the method specified in §XX.X5(b) if evidence of a potential-leak is 

found by visual, audible, olfactory, or any other detection method, except as 

provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(b) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater for agitator 

seals, 1.000 ppm or greater for pumps, and 500 ppm or greater for valves, 

flanges and other connectors, and pressure relief devices is measured, a leak 

is cetected. 

(c)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except 

as provided in §XX.X2-10. 

(2) The first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

(d) First attempts at repair include, but are not limited to, the best 

practices described under §XX.X2-7(e). 

§XX.X2-9 Standards: Product accumulator vessels. 

20 
(a) Each product accumulator vessel shall be equipped with a closed-vent 

system capablefjaf capturing and transporting any leakage from the vessel to a 

control device5*as described in §XX.X2-11, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

§XX.X2-10 Standards: Delay of repair. 

(a) Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected will 

be allowed if the repair is technically infeasible without a process unit 

shutdown. Repair of this equipment shall occur before the end of the next 

process unit shutdown. 

(b) Delay. P,f repair of equipment for which leaks .have been detected will 

be allowed for equipment .that is isolated from the process, |nd. tha^dges(.not 

remain in VHAP service. 

(c) Delay of repair for valves will be allowed if: 

(1) The owner or operator demonstrates that emissions of purged material 

resulting from immediate repair are greater than the fugitive emissions likely 

to result from delay of repair, and 

(2) When repair procedures are effected, the purged material is 

collected and destroyed or recovered.in a control devise complying with 

§XX.X2-11. 

(d) Delay of repair for pumps will be allowed if: 

(1) Repair requires the use of a dual mechanical seal system that 

includes a barrier fluid system, and 

(2) Repair is completed as soon as practicable, but not later than 6 

months after the leak was detected. 

(e) Delay of repair beyond a process unit shutdown will be allowed for a 

valve if valve assembly replacement is necessary during the process unit 

shutdown, valve assembly supplies have been depleted, and valve assembly 

21 
P.24 

supplies had been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. 

Delay of repair beyond the next process unit shutdown will not be allowed 

unless the next process unit shutdown occurs sooner than 6 months after the 

first process unit shutdown. 

§XX.X2-11 Standards: Closed-vent systems and control devices. 

(a) Owners or operators of closed-vent systems and control devices used 

to comply with provisions of this subpart shall comply with the provisions of 

this section, except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(b) Vapor'recovery systems (for example, condensers and adsorbexsj. shall 

be- designed and operated to recover the organic vapors vented to them with an 

efficiency of 95 percent or greater. 

(c) Enclosed combustion devices shall be designed and operated to reduce 

the VHAP emissions vented to them with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater 

or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum 

temperature of 750°C. 

(d) Flares used to comply with this subpart shall comply with the 

requirements of §50.13. 

(e) Owners or operators of control devices that are used to comply with 

the provisions of this subpart shall monitor these control devices to ensure 

that they are operated and maintained in conformance with their design. 

(f)(1) Closed-vent systems shall be designed for and operated with no 

detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than SOO 

25 ppm above background and by visual inspection., as determined by the 

methods specified as §XX.X5(c). 

22 
P.25 

(2) Closed-vent systems shall be monitored to determine compliance with 

this section filially in accordance with §61.05, annually, and at other times 

'~5i,r.' 

requested by thie Administrator. 

(3) Leaks, as indicated by an instrument reading greater than -500 25 ppm 

and visual inspections, shall be repaired as soon as practicable, but not 

later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected. 

(4) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after the leak is detected. 

(g) Closed-vent systems and control devices used to comply with 

provisions of this subpart shall be operated at all times when'emissions may 

be vented to them. 

§XX.X2-12 Standards: Agitator seals in gas/vapor service and in light liquid 

service. 

(a)(1) Each agitator seal shall be monitored monthly to detect leaks by 

the methods specified in §XX.X5(b), except as provided in §XX.X2-l(c). 

(2) Each agitator seal shall be checked by visual inspection each 

calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal. 

(b)(1) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

Teak|i sf detected.• 

(2) If there are indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal, 

a leak is detected. 

(c)(1) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar 

days after each leak is detected. 

23 
P.26 

§XX.X2-13 Standards: Flanges 1n Gas/ Vapor Service and in Light Liquid 

Servicel 

(a) Thefowner or operator of an affected process unit shall monitor all 

flanges in VHAP service, except as provided in paragraphs (f) through (j) of 

this section, at the intervals specified in paragraph (b) of this section and 

shall comply with paragraphs (c)-(k) of this section. 

(1) The flanges shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method 

specified in 5XX.X5. 

(2) If an instrument reading greater than or equal to 500 ppm is 

measured, a leak-is detected. — -« - _ 

(b) The owner or operator shall monitor for leaks-at. the. intervals ... 

specified below. 

(1) Within the first 12 months after promulgation';of.-this subpart for 

existing process units or within the first 12 months after startup for new 

process units, the owner or operator shall monitor all flanges,except as 

provided in paragraphs (f) through (j) of this section. 

(2) After conducting the initial survey required in paragraph (b)(1) of 

this section, the owneror operator; shall perform all subsequent monitoring of 

f 1 anges;. at the -..foil bwi rigv frequenci es: 

(i) Once per calendar year, if the percent leaking flanges in the process 

unit is 0.5 percent or greater. 

(ii) Once every two calendar years, if the;percent leaking flanges is 

less than 0.5 percent. 

(A) An owner or operator may comply with paragraph (b)(2)(H) by 

monitoring 50 percent of the flanges in the first year and 50 percent of the 

flanges in the second year. The percent leaking flanges will be calculated 

24 
P.27 

for the total §f Jthe two monitoring periods. 

(B) An o^g^'dr operator who elects to monitor flanges in one monitoring 

period shall complete the monitoring in months. 

(3) If a process unit in a biennial leak detection and repair program has 

less than 0.5 percent leaking flanges at the 2 year demonstration, the owner 

or operator may monitor the flanges I time every 4 years. 

(i) An owner or operator may comply with the requirements of paragraph 

(b)(3) of this section by monitoring 25 percent of the flanges each year until 

all flanges have been monitored. 

(4) If a process unit complying with the requirements of paragraph,,^) 

using a program has greater than 0.5 percent but 

less than 1 percent leaking flanges, the owner or operator shall increase the 

monitoring frequency to 1 time every 2 years. 

(i) An owner or operator may comply with the requirements of paragraph 

(b)(4) by monitoring 50 percent of the flanges in the first year and 50 

percent of the flanges in the second year. 

(ii) The owner or operator may again elect to use the provisions of 

paragraph (b)(3) when the percent leaking flanges decreases to less than 0.5 

percent;; 

(5) If a process unit complying with requirements of paragraph (b) using 

a 4 year monitoring interval program has I percent or greater leaking flanges, 

the owner or operator shall increase the monitor ing-frequency "'to;;' let ime per 

ye ar.!? 

(c) Each flange that has been opened or has otherwisliiad? the; seal 

broken shall be monitored for leaks within 30 days of the; disruption-of the 

seal or within 30 days of being return ^ 

25 
(d) Vihert jl, leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as 

practicable,J|plino Ute r than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section and in §XX.X2-10. A first 

attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after the leak 

is detected. 

(e) If a leak is detected, the flange shall be monitored monthly until a 

leak is not detected for 2 successiye|Ipnth|| 

(f) Any flange that is designated, as described in §XX«X${f)(l}, as an 

unsafe- to-monitor flange is exempt from the requirepnt* of paragraph (a) if: 

(1) The owner or operator demonstrates that, thefJflange is unsafe-tomonitor because personnel would be exposed toan immediate danger as a result 

bf/cdmplying;with paragraphs (a) - (e); and 

(2) The owner or operator has a written plan that requires monitoring of 

the flange during:safe-to-monitor periods or at least once before a scheduled 

shutdown. 

(g) Any flange that is designated, as described in §XX.X6( )( ), as a 

difficult-to-monitor flange is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (a) 

if: 

(1);The* owner or opeiratordemohstrates that the f 1 ange cannot be 

monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters above 

a:support surface; and 

(2) The owner or operator follows a written plan that requires 

monitoring of the flange at least once before a planned shutdown. 

(h) Any flange that is designated, as described in §XX.X6(f)(3), as an 

unsafe-to-repair flange is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a), 

(d), and (e) of this section if: 

26 
P.29 

(1) The;o»»er or operator demonstrates that repair personnel would be 

** -a 

exposed to au^P^diate danger as a consequence of complying with paragraph 

(d) of this sfetion; and 

(2) The flange will be repaired before the end of the next scheduled 

shutdown of the process unit. 

(i) Any flange that is buried, insulated, or welded is exempt from the 

monitoring requirements of paragraph (a) of this section and from the 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements of §XX.XS and §XX.X7. 

Pl'IfP^liHed , insulated \ arJffilMeftge is <*-^|^Jfe/>Uilli 

audible, olfactory, or other meeds to be leaking, the leak shall lie repaired 

as soon as practicable, but no later than 15 days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-10 and paragraph (h) of this section. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 days after 

the leak is detected. 

(j) Each glass flange pr glass lined connector is exempt from the 

monitoring requirements of paragraph (a) of this section and from the 

recordkeeping and reporting requirements of §XX.X6 and §XX.X7. 

(1) If any glass flange or glass lined connector is observed by visual, 

audible, olfactory, or ether means to be leaking, the leak shall be repaired 

as soon as practicable* but no later than IS days after the leak is detected, 

except as provided in §XX.X2-10 and paragraph (h) of this section. 

(2) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 days after 

thefleak is detected. 

(k) For use in determining the monitoring frequency, as specified in 

paragraph (b) of this section, the percent leaking flanges shall be calculated 

as follows: 

27 
P.30 

(1) For the firs t monitoring survey, use the following equation: 

j p L - ( NL/Ft)100 

Where 

% L = percent leaking flanges 

NL = number of flanges measured at 500 ppm or greater, by the 

method specified in §61. 

Ft » total number of flanges in the process unit, excluding 

flanges in vacuum service; buried, insulated, or welded 

flanges; and glass flanges. 

(2) For subsequent monitoring cycles, use the following equation: 

% L = [( NL - NN )•/( Ft - NN )] 100 

Where 

% L = percent leaking flanges 

NL = number of flanges measured at 500 ppm or greater, by the 

method specified in §XX.X5. 

NN = number of nonrepairable flanges up to a maximum of 2 

percent of the total flange population, Ft 

Ft = total number of flanges in the process unit excluding 

flanges in vacuum service; buried, insulated, or welded 

flanges; and glass flanges. 

§JSJ-r}&-4—M-fee-wiativQ-standards fop-valves itMWAI^-seim^e—a!4ewaW« 

peff^eft^ag-s-ef-valves lealmg-r 

(a). An owner or operator may elect to have all valves within a procooo 

unit to comply with an allowable percentage of valves leaking of equal to or 

less than 2.0 percent. 

28 
P.31 

(b) Tho following requirements shall bo met if an owner or operator 

decides to comply with an allowable percentage of valvos leaking; 

(1) An owner or operator must notify tho Administrator that the owner or 

operator hao elected to have all valvos within a process unit to comply with 

tho allowable percentage of valvco leaking before implementing this 

alternative otandard, ao spocifiod in §XX.X7(d). 

(2) A performance tost ao opocifiod in paragraph (c) of this section 

shall be conducted initially upon designation, annually, and at othor times 

requested by-fehe-Admwtetrator. 

(3) If a-va4^e-^cak is dotoctod, it shall S?e-^aefie4<ae4^fi-ae€ep^ffl€e-w44fr 

§XX.X2 7(d) and (o). 

(c) Performance tests shall bo conducted in the following manner: 

(1) All valvoo in VHAP sorvico within tho procooo unit ohall be 

monitored within 1 wook by tho methods spocifiod in §XX.X5(b). 

(2) If an instrument reading of 10,000 ppm or greater is measured, a 

leak is dotoctod. 

(3) Tho loak percentage shall bo determined by dividing tho numbor of 

valvos in WA P sorvico for which leaks aro dotoctod by tho numbor of valvos in 

VHAP oorvico within tho process unit. 

(d) Owners or oporators-who elect to havo all valvos comp4y-with this 

alternative otandard ohall ne-fc-ha-vo a process unit with a loak-pereen-tag-e 

greater than 2.0 porcont. 

(e) If an owner-er-operater decides no longer to comply wfrtfo-§XX.X3 1, 

tho owner or-operator must notify the Administrator in writing that tho work 

practice standard doocribod in §%£r%g- 7(a) (o) will bo followed.-

29 

n gi i ^a H i^^^H^^^

H i^^H i^^^^^^^^^^^^H a i^^^^^^^Ha|H||HBjHi ^H

^

K -2a2 ) 
•S29W&-2—&Hornative standards for Valvos in VHAP service—Sfei-p-period leak 

dotocti on-aw-i-yepws-

(a)(1) An owner or operator may eloct for all valvoo within a process 

unit to comply with one of the alternative work practices spocifiod in 

paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of thiG section. 

(2) An owner or operator must notify tho Administrator before 

implementing ono of the alternative work practicoo, as opocified in §XX.X7(d). 

(b)(1) An ownor or operator shall comply initially with the requirements 

for valvoo, ao described in §XX.X2 7. 

(2) After 2 consecutive quarterly leak detection periods with tho 

porcentago of valvoo leaking equal to or leso than 2.0, an owner or operator 

may begin to skip 1 of tho quarterly leak detection periods fOr tho valvoo in 

VHAP oorvico. 

(3) After 5 consecutive quarterly loak detection periods with tho 

porcentago of valvos leaking equal to or less than 2.0, an owner or operator 

may begin to skip 3 of the quarterly leak detection periods for tho valves in 

VHAP service. 

(4) If the percentage of valves leaking is greater than 2.0, tho ownor 

or operator shall comply with tho requirements as described in §XX.X2 7 but 

may again elect to use thio section. 

§XX_X3 Quality improvement program. 

§XX.X4|| Alternative means of emission limitation. 

(a) Permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation under 

section 112(e)(3) of the Clean Air Act shall be governed by the following 

procedures: 

30 
(b) Where the standard is an equipment, design, or operational 

requirement: 

(1) Each Owner or operator applying for permission shall be responsible 

for collecting and verifying test data for an alternative means of emission 

limitation. 

(2) The Administrator will compare test data for the means of emission 

limitation to test data for the equipment, design, and operational 

requirements. 

(3) The Administrator may condition.the permission on requirements that 

may be necessary to assure operation and maintenance to achieve the same 

emission reduction as the equipment, design, and operational requirements. 

(c) Where the standard is a work practice: 

(1) Each owner or operator applying for permission shall be responsible 

for collecting and verifying test data for an alternative means of emission, 

limitation. 

(2) For each source for which permission is requested, the emission 

reduction achieved by the required work practices shall be demonstrated for a 

minimum period of 12 months. 

(3) For each source for which permission is requested, the emission 

reduction achieved by the alternative means of emission limitation shall be 

demonstrated. 

(4) Each owner or operator applying for permission shall commit in 

writing each source to work practices that provide for emission reductions 

equal to or greater than the emission reductions achieved by the required work 

practices. 

31 
(5) The Administrator will compare the demonstrated emission reduction 

for the alternative means of emission limitation to the demonstrated emission 

reduction for the required work practices and will consider the commitment in 

paragraph (c)(4). 

(6) The Administrator may condition the permission on requirements that 

may be necessary to assure operation and maintenance to achieve the same 

emission reduction as the required work practices of this subpart. 

(d) An owner or operator may offer a unique approach to demonstrate the 

alternative means of emission limitation. 

(e)(1) Manufacturers of equipment used to control equipment leaks of a 

VHAP may apply to the Administrator for permission for an alternative means of 

emission limitation that achieves a reduction in emissions of the VHAP 

achieved by the equipment, design, and operational requirements of this 

subpart. 

(2) The Administrator will grant permission according to the provisions 

of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d). 

§XX_X4-2 Alternative means of emission limitation: Batch processes 

§XX.X5 Test methods and procedures. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart 

shall comply with the test methods and procedures requirements provided in 

this section. 

(b) Monitoring, as required in §XX.X2, §XX.X3, and §XX.X4, shall comply 

with the following requirements: 

(1) Monitoring shall comply with Reference Method 21. 

(2) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of 

Reference Method 21. 

32 
(3) The instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use 

by the procedures specified in Reference Method 21. 

(4) Calibration gases shall be: 

(i) Zero air (less than -1-0 ||| ppm of hydrocarbon in air); and 

(ii) A mixture of methane or n hoxano and air at a concentration of 

approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane for agitator seals, 1,000 ppm 

for pumps, and 500 ppm for all other equipment or n hexane. 

(5) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak 

interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Reference 

Method 21. 

(c) When equipment is tested for compliance with no detectable 

emissions, as required in §XX.X2-2(e), §XX.X2-3(i), §XX.X2-4, §XX.X2-7(f), and 

§XX.X2-ll(f), the test shall comply with the following requirements: 

(1) The requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) shall apply. 

(2) The background level shall be determined, as set forth in Reference 

Method 21. 

(3) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak 

interfaces as close to the interface as possible, as described in Reference 

Method 21. 

(4) The arithmetic difference between the maximum concentration 

indicated by the instrument and the background level is compared with 500 ppm 

for agitator seals, 50 ppm for pumps, and 25 ppm for all other equipment for 

determining compliance. 

(d)(1) Each piece of equipment within a process unit that can 

conceivably contain equipment in VHAP service is presumed to be in VHAP 

service unless an owner or operator demonstrates that the piece of equipment 

33 
is not in VHAP service. For a piece of equipment to be considered not in VHAP 

service, it must be determined that the percent VHAP content can be reasonably 

expected never to exceed 40 | percent by weight. For purposes of determining 

the percent VHAP content of the process fluid that is contained in or contacts 

equipment, procodures that conform to the methods described in ASTM Method 

D 2267 (incorporated by roforonco ao spocifiod in §61.18) |1||||||| shall be 

used. 

(2)(i) An owner or operator may use engineering judgment rather than the 

procedures in paragraph (1) to demonstrate that the percent VHAP content does 

not exceed 40 ;§ percent by weight, provided that the engineering judgment 

demonstrates that the VHAP content clearly does not exceed 40 § percent by 

weight. When an owner or operator and the Administrator do not agree on 

whether a piece of equipment is not in VHAP service, however, the procedures 

in paragraph (d)(1) shall be used to resolve the disagreement. 

(ii) If an owner or operator determines that a piece of equipment is in 

VHAP service, the determination can be revised only after following the 

procedures in paragraph (d)(1). 

(3) Samples used in determining the percent VHAP content shall be 

representative of the process fluid that is contained in or contacts the 

equipment or the gas being combusted in the flare. 

(4) The owner or operator may demonstrate that the VHAP content of the 

process fluid does not exceed 5 percent by weight by accounting for 98 percent 

of the content and showing that VHAP is less than 3 percent. 

(e)(1) Roforonco Method 22 shall bo uood to determine compliance of 

flaroo with tho visible emission provisions of this subpart. 

34 

IMMU I •IIIMI mmito i iii i 
(2) Tho prooonco of a flare pilot flamo ohall be monitored using a 

thermocouple or any.other equivalent device to detect the prooonco of a flame. 

(3) Tho not heating valuo of tho gao being combuoted in a flare ohall bo 

calculated uoing tho following equation: 

HT-H4-t<UA* 

whoro; H T — = Net hoating valuo of tho oamplo, MJ/scm; where tho not 

enthalpy per molo of offgas io baood on combuetion at 

25°C and 760 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for 

determining tho volumo corresponding to one mole is 20^ . 

K — — Conotont, 1.740 x 10 - (1/ppm) (g molo/ocm) (MJ/kcal), 

whoro standard tomporaturo for (g molo/ocm) is 20"C 

Of—•= Concentration of samplo component i in ppm, ao measured 

by Reference Method 18 of Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 

and ASTM D2504 67 (reapproved 1977) (incorporated by 

roforonco ao opocifiod in §61.18). 

Ht •= Net heat of combustion of samplo component i, kcal/g 

molo.—The hoato of combustion may be determined uoing 

ASTM D2382 76 (incorporated by roforonco ao specified in 

§61.18) if published valuoo aro not available or cannot 

be calculated. 

(4) Tho actual exit velocity of a flare shall bo determined by dividing 

tho volumetric flowrate (in units of standard tomporaturo and prooouro), as 

determined by Referonco Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, ao appropriate, by the 

unobstructed (froo) crooo sectional area of tho flare tip. 

35 

-•• 
(5) Tho maximum permitted velocity, V^ , for air asoistod flaroo shall 

be determined by tho following equation; 

¥•„ - 8.76 i 0.7081(HT} 

whoro; 

max 

Maximum permitted velocity, m/sec 

8.706 - Constant. 

0.7084 - Constant. 

4T - Tho not boating value as determined in paragraph (c)(3) of 

this ocction. Reference methods used in determining compliance with flares 

are those required in §60.18. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

§XX.X6 Recordkeeping requirements. 

[Note: Recordkeeping provisions for batch processes to be added subsequent to 

identification of batch process standards.] 

(a)(1) Each owner or operator subject to tho provisions of this subpart 

shall comply with tho recordkeeping roquiroments of this section. 

-(-2*)- An owner or operator of more than one process unit subject to the 

provisions of this subpart may comply with the recordkeeping requirements for 

these process units in one recordkeeping system if the system identifies each 

record by e-a-eh process unit and the program being implemented (e.g., 

quarterly). 

(b) [Note: this paragraph was formerly paragraph (e)] The following 

information pertaining to all equipment in each process unit subject to the 

requirements in §XX.X2-1 to §XX.X2-44-13 shall be recorded in a log that is 

kept in a readily accessible location: 

36 
P.39 

(l)(i) A list of identification numbers for equipment (except welded 

fittings) subject to the requirements of this subpart ||||the location of 

equipment in the process unit. 

(ii) The list of equipment identification numbers and locations shall 

also include the line size, pressure, and stream service for each item of 

equipment. 

(iii) Physical, tagging of the equipment to indicate that it is irt VHAP 

service is not required. Equipment subject to the provisions of this subpart 

may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, or by other 

appropriate methods. 

(2)(i) A list of identification numbers for equipment that the owner or 

operator elects to designate for no detectable emissions, as indicated by an 

instrument reading of loss than 500 ppm above background, under the provisions 

of §§XX.X2 2(e), XX.X2 3(i), and XX.X2 7(f) as specified in the appropriate 

sections. 

(ii) The designation of this equipment as subject to the requirements of 

§§XX.X2-2(e), XX.X2-3(i), and XX.X2-7 shall be signed by the owner or 

operator. 

(3) A list of equipment identification numbers for pressure relief 

devices required to comply with §XX.X2-4(a). 

(4)(i) The dates of each compliance test required in §§XX.X2-2(e), 

XX.X2-3(i), XX.X2-4, and 61-242-7(f). 

(ii) The background level measured during each compliance test 

(iii) The maximum instrument reading measured at the equipment during 

each compliance test. 

(5) A list of identification numbers for equipment in vacuum service. 

37 

!_________! 
P.40 

(6) The frequency of monitoring and provisions of the standard 

betoig implemented for each process unit subject to the requirements 

of the subpart, 

(be) When each leak is detected as specified in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-7, and §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-1I, §XX.X2-12r and §XX.X2-B, the following 

requirements apply: 

(1) A weatherproof and readily visible identification, marked with the 

equipment identification number, shall be attached to the leaking equipment. 

(2) The identification on a valve or flange may be removed after it has 

been monitored for 2 successive months as specified in §XX.X2-7(c) and no leak 

has been detected during those 2 months. 

(3) The identification on equipment, except on a valve or flange, may be 

removed after it has been repaired. 

(e$) When each leak is detected as specified in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, 

§XX.X2-7, -and §XX.X2-8, §XX.X2-1I, §XX.X2-12, and §XX.X2-13, the following 

information shall be recorded in a log and shall be kept for 2 years in a 

readily accessible location: 

(1) The instrument and operator identification numbers and the equipment 

identification number. 

(2) The date the leak was detected and the dates of each attempt to 

repair the leak. 

(3) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the leak. 

(4) "Above 10,000" if the maximum instrument reading moasurod by the 

methods opocifiod in §XX.X5(a) after each repair attempt is equal to or 

greater than 10,000 ppm. Maximum instrument reading measured by the method 

specified in §XX.X5(b) after each repair attempt. 

38 
P.41 

(5) "Repair delayed" and the reason for the delay if a leak is not 

repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery of the leak. 

(6) The signature of the owner or operator (or designate) whose decision 

it was that repair could not be effected without a process shutdown. 

(7) The expected date of successful repair of the leak if a leak is not 

repaired within 15 calendar days. 

(8) Dates of process unit shutdowns that occur while the equipment is 

unrepaired. 

(9) The date of successful repair of the leak. 

(e) The following information shall be recorded for each process unit 

subject to this subpart: 

(1) A schedule of monitoring for valves and for flanges. 

(2) The number of leaking pumps, the total number of pumps, and the 

percent leaking pumps during each monitoring period. 

(3) Then number of leaking valves, the total number of valves, the 

number of nonrepairable valves, and the percent leaking valves during each 

monitoring period. 

(4) The number of leaking flanges, the total number of flanges, the 

number of nonrepairable flanges, and the percent leaking flanges during each 

monitoring period. 

{M) The following information pertaining to the design requirements for 

closed-vent systems and control devices described in §XX.X2-11 shall be 

recorded and kept in a readily accessible location: 

(1) Detailed schematics, design specifications, and piping and 

•instrumentation diagrams. 

39 
(2) The dates and descriptions of any changes in the design 

specifications. 

(3) A description of the parameter or parameters monitored, as required 

in §XX.X2-ll(e), to ensure that control devices are operated and maintained in 

conformance with their design and an explanation of why that parameter (or 

parameters) was selected for the monitoring. 

(4) Periods when the closed-vent systems and control devices required in 

§XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, §XX.X2-4, §XX.X2-5, and §XX.X2-9 are not operated as 

designed, including periods when a flare pilot light does not have a flame. 

(5) Dates of startups and shutdowns of the closed-vent systems and 

control devices required in §XX.X2-2, §XX.X2-3, §XX.X2-4, §XX.X2-5, and 

§XX.X2-9. 

(0) Tho following information pertaining to all equipment subject to tho 

roquiromonts in §XX.X2 1 to §XX.X2 11 shall bo recorded in a log that io kept 

in a readily acceooible location: 

(1) A list of identification numbers for equipment subject to tho 

requirements of this subpart. 

(2)(i) A list of identification numbers for equipment that the ownor or 

operator elects to designate for no dotoctablo cmiosiono, ao indicated by an 

instrument reading of less than 500 ppm above background, under the provisions 

of §XX.X2 2(o), §XX.X2 3(i), and §XX.X2 7(f). 

(ii) Tho designation of this equipment as subject to the roquiromonts of 

§XX.X2 2(c), §XX.X2 3(i), or §XX.X2 7(f) shall bo oignod by tho owner or 

operator. 

(3) A 1ist of equipment identification numboro for prooouro relief 

devicoo required to comply with §XX.X2 4(a). 

40 
(4)(i) Tho datos of each compliance toot required in §XX.X2 2(c), 

§XX.X2 3(i), §XX.X2 4, and §XX.X2 7(f). 

(ii) Tho background levol measured during each complianco tost. 

(iii) The maximum instrument reading measured at the equipment during 

each compliance toot. 

(5) A list of identification numbers for equipment in vacuum sorvico. 

(f|) The following information pertaining to all valves subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X2-7(gh) and (h|) and all flanges subject to the 

requirements of §XX.X2-13(f), (g), and (h) shall be recorded in a log that is 

kept in a readily accessible location: 

(1) A list of identification numbers for valves and flanged that are 

designated as unsafe to monitor, an explanation for each valve |||Hi|i|l 

stating why the valve or flange is unsafe to monitor, and the plan for 

monitoring each valve and flange. 

(2) A list of identification numbers for valves and flanges that are 

designated as difficult to monitor, an explanation for each valve ||||lT|i||l 

stating why the valve or flange is difficult to monitor, and the planned 

schedule for monitoring each valve and flange. 

(3) A list of identification numbers for flanges that are designated as 

unsafe to repair and an explanation for each flange stating why the flange is 

unsafe to repair. 

(h) The following information shall be recorded in a log that is kept in 

a readily accessible location: 

(1) Design criterion required in §XX.X2-2(d)(5) and §XX.X2-3(e)(2) and 

an explanation of the design criterion; and 

(2) Any changes to this criterion and the reasons for the changes. 

41 
P.44 

(i) The following information shall be recorded in a log that is kept in 

a readily accessible location for use in determining exemptions as provided in 

the applicability section of this subpart and other specific subparts: 

(1) An analysis demonstrating the design capacity of the process unit, 

_nj_____A 

(2) A statement listing the feed or raw materials and products from the 

process unit and an analysis demonstrating Aether these chemicals are heavy 

IIPHII 

(2|) An analysis demonstrating that equipment is not in VHAP service, 

(j) Information and data used to demonstrate that a piece of equipment 

is not in VHAP service shall be recorded in a log that is kept in a readily 

accessible location. 

(k) Each owner or operator of a process unit subject to the reasonable 

further progress program shall maintain for a period of 2 years and make ' 

available to the Administrator upon request the following records: 

MOTE: tt is assuned that there v,ill be a separate section in the regulat.cn that will specify the 

specific criteria of an acceptable W program. The recordkeeping retirements 9iven below are preliminary 

based on discussions to date, thi* section is intended to inplenent the AFP progra, and not to specify its 

features. 

(1) A description of the program and a statement of the performance 

goals. 

(2) Results of bench scale and field evaluations of low emission 

performance technology including assessment of applicability, maintenance 

needed to ensure low emission performance, and specifications necessary for 

quality control of purchased equipment. These records will include*the 

following information; 

42 
(i) The instrument and operator identification numbers und the equipment 

identi ficatlqn- number. 

(ii) Maximua instrument reading measured by the method specified in 

§XX.X5. 

(iii) If a leak is detected, the repair methods applied in each attempt 

to repair the leak and the maximum instrument reading measured after each 

repair attempt. 

(iv) If a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery 

of the leak, the reason for the delay and the expected date of successful 

repair. 

(3) Evaluation of component parameters, services, operation practices or 

maintenance programs associated with with significantly greater* leak 

frequencies, including analyses of trends or associations between equipment 

service, line pressure, materials of construction, line size, and other 

relevant variables and leak frequency. 

(4) Evaluations of operating practices and maintenance programs needed 

to achieve low emission performance, including analyses of trends or 

associations between equipment service, line pressure, materials of 

construction, line size, and other relevant variables and leak frequency. The 

records shall include the data used to assess the effect of operating 

practices and maintenance on the emission performance of equipment. 

(5) Schedule and plan for installation of low emission potential 

equipment. 

(6) Documentation of the reasons use of low emission performance 

equipment is not technically feasible. The planned operating practices and 

maintenance of this equipment shall also be specified. 

43 
(7) Documentation of equipment specifications for quality assurance ||1 

l|||rol of e^iipent purchases. 

(8) Documentation of operating practices, maintenance programs, and 

pffonnel training that toil! be used to achieve loa emission performance. 

(m) The provisions of §61.14(f) do not apply to process units subject t§ 

|||| subpart. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 

_ • ) 

§XX.X7 Reporting requirements. 

(a)(1) An owner or operator of any pioco of equipment to which this 

subpart applioo a process unit subject to the provisions of this subpart shall 

submit a statement in writing notifying the Administrator that tho 

roquiromonts of §XX.X2, XX.X5, XX.X6, and XX.X7 aro boing which of the 

requirements will be implemented. 

(2) In the case of an existing source process unit or a new source 

process unit which has an initial startup date preceding the effective date, 

the statement is to be submitted within 90 days of the effective date, unless 

a waiver of compliance is granted under §61.11, along with the information 

required under §61.10. If a waiver of compliance is granted, the statement is 

to be submitted on a date scheduled by the Administrator. 

(3) In the case of new sources process units which did not have an 

initial startup date preceding the effective date, the statement shall be 

submitted with the application for approval of construction, as described in 

§61.07. 
(4) The statement is to contain the following information for each 

source process Unit: 

(i) Equipment identification numbor and process unit identification. 

(ii) Typo of equipment (for example, a pump or pipeline valve). 

(iii) Percent by weight VHAP in tho fluid at tho equipment. 

(iv) Process fluid state at the equipment (gas/vapor or liquid). Number 

of each equipment type (e.g., valves, pumps) excluding equipment designated; 

for no detectable emissions under the provisions of §XX.X2-2 and those in 

vacuum service, 

(v-iii) Method of compliance with the standard (for example, "monthly 

leak detection and repair" or "equipped with dual mechanical seals"). 

(iv) Planned schedule for each phase of the requirements of this 

subpart. 

(b) A report shall be submitted to the Administrator semiannually 

starting 6 months after the initial report required in paragraph (a) of this 

section, that includes the following information: 

(1) Process unit identification, frequency of monitoring, and specific 

provisions of this subpart being implemented. 

(2) For each month monitoring period during the semiannual reporting 

period, 

(i) The number of valves for which leaks were detected, as described in 

§XX.X2 7(b) or §XX.X3 2. the percent leakers, and the total number of valves 

tested; 

(ii) The number of valves for which leaks were not repaired as required 

in . 

45 
P.48 

• r 

(iii) The number of pumps for which leaks were detected as described in 

(iv) The number of pumps for which leaks were not repaired as required 

in 

(v) The number of compressors for which leaks were detected as described 

in §XX.X2-3(f). 

(vi) The number of compressors for which leaks were not repaired as 

required in §XX.X2-3(g). 

(vii) The number of flanges for which leaks were detected, the percent 

leakers, and the total number of flanges tested. 

(viii) The number of flanges for which leaks were not repaired as 

required in . 

(ix) The number of agitator seals for which leaks were detected as 

described in . 

(x) The number of agitator seals for which leaks were not repaired as 

required in . 

(*v44||) The facts that explain any delay of repairs and, where 

appropriate, why a process unit shutdown was technically infeasible. 

Mote: An example* format for reporting the information in paragraph (b> above \a given in Apppdtx;;*;c;; 

(3) Dates of process unit shutdowns which occurred within the 

semiannual reporting period. 

(4) Revisions to items reported according to paragraph (a) if changes 

have occurred since the initial report or subsequent revisions to the initial 

report. 

Note: Compliance with the requirements of 161.10(c) is not required for revisions documented under 

this paragraph. 

46 
(5) The results of all performance tests to determine compliance with 

§XX.X2-2(e), §XX.X2-3(i), §XX.X2-4(a), §XX.X2-7(f), §XX.X2-ll(f), §XX.X3-1, 

and §XX.X3-2 conducted within the semiannual reporting period. 

(c) In the first report submitted ao required in paragraph (a) of this 

section, the report shall include a reporting schedule stating tho months that 

semiannual reports shall be submitted.—Subsequent reports shall bo submitted 

according to that schedule, unless a revised schedule has boon submitted in a 

previous semiannual report. 

(d) An ownor or operator electing to comply with the provisions of 

§XX.X3 1 and §XX.X2 2 shall notify the Administrator of the alternative 

standard soloctod 90 dayo boforo implementing cither of the provisiono. . 

(e|) An application for approval of construction or modification, 

§61.05(a) and §61.07, will not be required if 

(1) The new source ||||||ill|ii complies with the standard, §XX.X2; 

(2) The new source is not part of tho construction of a process unit; 

and 

(-32) In the next semiannual report required by paragraph (b) of this 

section, the information in paragraph (a)(4) of this section is reported. 

(d) An owner or operator of a process unit that fails to comply with 

(Phase H I percent leaker standard for valves! shall notify the 

Administrator within 30 days of initiating the monthly monitoring program 

under . or a quality improvement program under ' . 

(e) If acceptable to both the Administrator and the owner or operator | 

the process unit, the reports may be submitted on electronic media. 

(Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414).) 

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number .) 

47 
P.50 

David W. Dunn 

Sterling Chemical Corp. 

PO Box 1311 

Texas City, TX 77592 

Larry Goodheart 

Chevron Corp. 

PO Box 1627 

Richmond, CA 94802 

Philip J. Harter 

Suite 404 

2301 M Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20037 

Allen Hershkowitz 

NRDC 

40 W 20th Street 

New York, NY 10011 

(A/a.) 7^7-V^^SThomas Kittleman 

E.I. DuPont de Nemours 

Engineering Dept. 

Louviers Bldg. 

Newark, DE 19714 

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Robert V. Majewski 

NYSDEC 

50 Wolf Road 

Albany, NY 12233-3255 

Harvel Rogers 

Afr^-Pollution Contrn] ni? 

-Suite 205 -STF— 

050 Barret AvoLouisville. KY 40204 

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P.51 

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. EPA people to get reg 

•*** Unrooogniaod command verb. 

EPA people to get reg 

j^ae-t print off 

Bob Ajax 

SDB (MD-13) 

U.S. EPA 

RTP, NC 27711 

Rick Colyer 

SDB (MD-13) 

U.S. EPA 

RTP, NC 27711 

Jan Meyer 

SDB (MD-13) 

U.S. EPA 

RTP, NC 27711 

Dave Markwordt 

CPB (MD-13) 

U.S. EPA 

RTP, NC 27711 

Bill Grimley 

EMB (MD-19) 

U.S. EPA 

RTP, NC 27711 

Glenn Rives 

Radian Corp. 

PO Box 13000 

RTP, NC 27711 

Ed Moretti 

Radian Corp. 

PO Box 13000 

RTP, NC 27711 

f 

Dwight Atkinson 

U.S. EPA, PM-221 

401 M Street, SW 

Washington, DC 20460 

<f/ 

Katherine Kaufmann 

U.S. EPA, ANR-443 

401 M Street, SW 

Washington, DC 20460 

Scott Throwe 

U.S. EPA, EN-341 

401 M Street, SW 

Washington, DC 20460 
pr_ ^ 

P.52 

Pat Embrey 

U.S. EPA, LE-132A 

401 M Street, SW 

Washington, DC 20460 

Fred Dimmick 

SDB (MD-13) 

US EPA 

RTP, NC 27711