# Patent

## Title
Rapid destruction of malignant tumors by excitotoxicity and osmotic-shock medical tactics

## Abstract

A process, method, and devices thereof for the rapid destruction of cancer tumor(s) which are made up of thousands to millions of living malignant cancer cells. Such an approach seeks to kill said tumor(s) by causing apoptosis or excitotoxicity and/or osmotic-shock within a human or animal for medical treatment.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/951,636, entitled “Rapid Destruction of Malignant Tumors be Excitotoxicity and Osmotic-Shock Medical Tactics,” which was filed on Mar. 12, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments relates generally relate to the field of bioelectronic medicine or “electroceuticals”. Embodiments further relate to the alteration of cancer cell internal electrical signals so as to trigger and induce cell death. Embodiments additionally relate to inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells due to reprogramming the intra-cellular operational communication network. Embodiments also relate to the use of calcium and related compounds and processes for use in damaging and destroying cancer cells. Embodiments further relate to excitotoxicity and/or osmotic-shock medical tactics for use against a solid cancerous tumor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Solid cancerous tumors make up at least one-third of all malignancies. Such compact, fast-growing cancers are found all over the body including the lungs, prostate, breast, digestive tract, and skin. The present economic burden to treat such a widespread disease has to be $400 billion out of the $1.3 trillion cancer treatment cost leveled every year across the planet.
Unfortunately for the cancer patient, they are generally facing a state-of-the-art of at least a two-year miserable chemotherapy and/or ionizing radiation treatment regime(s). The invention presented herein is designed to tackle the malignance directly at the local cancer situs without circulating toxic chemicals throughout the body, as is the case with present-day chemotherapy regimens.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a division of the United Nations that issued a press release on Feb. 5, 2014, reporting that the cost globally of cancer was estimated at $1.16 trillion in 2010. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, the specialized cancer agency of WHO, has reported that new cancer cases will skyrocket globally from an estimated 14 million in 2012 to 22 million new cases a year within the next two decades. The burden internationally has doubled over the last 20 year and it will double over the next 20.
The number of cancer deaths in the USA has risen as the population has grown, from 400,000 in 1990 to 550,000 in 2013.
The invention described in this document moves the main technology for treating cancer away from chemo-therapy, which affects the entire body, to the use of tiny electrical neuro encoded signals with calcium as an aimed treatment for solid tumors both within or on the surface of the human or animal body.
Early Neuro-Electric History
It all started in 1780 when Luigi Galvani, an Italian anatomist, attached two dissimilar wires to the spine of a large decapitated frog. Galvani passed a current into the frog by means of a static-electrically-charge rod and made the animal's legs jerk. He determined that nerves conducted electricity and, at that moment, launched the science of neurophysiology. Galvani's friend, Alessandro Volta, the inventor of the wet-cell battery, commented in 1800 that it was the electrical stimulation from the bi-metal wires which provided the energy to make the frog's legs kick. Thus began the use of stimulating currents to induce neurons to fire their signals, which continues in research universities to this very day.
It never occurred to anyone in those early years that the nerves were actually capable of generating signals on their own without the requirement for some sort of electrical stimulation. It is important to realize that there was no possible way to visualize the cells until after the microscope was invented by Zacharias Jansen in 1590. It wasn't until later in the 1600's that Antony van Leeuwenhoek improved upon that invention and was able to peer at what he called “animalcules.” What Leeuwenhock saw were microbes, which was previously unrealized by anyone. He mentioned that there had to be some connection between what he saw and diseases. Early microscopes were not used to study cellular or nervous system structure.
The microscope became more prevalent throughout most university laboratories by 1830 where many biologists began to explore the makeup of life. In Berlin around 1840, Theodor Schwann and Jacob Schleiden established that discrete cells were indeed the architectural building blocks of living tissue, be they plant or animal. This discovery paved the way for others to think about the individual function of many different kinds of cells. Previously, in 1836, Jan Purkinje, a Czech histology and physiologist and his student Gabriel Valentine were able to claim: “The entire nervous system is made up of globules (cells) and continuous primitive fibers (axons).” In 1837, Purkinje was able to describe brain cells with their nuclei and dendrites and the flask-like cells named “Purkinje cells,” which are efferent types.
By 1870, very few scientists knew what a neuron really was, much less what it looked like, or how it worked. Therefore, it was still impossible to describe a three-dimensional nervous system at that time in history. But this was to change around 1877 when Camillo Golgi of Italy was able to silver-stain individual neurons so they could be studied under the microscope. Using Golgi's stain, a Spanish professor was able to begin an exhaustive study of the details of neuronal anatomy. Santiago Ramon y Cajal had proposed that neurons were the signaling units for the entire nervous system. This is often referred to as the beginning of the “neuron doctrine,” From 1879, Cajal exhaustively studied the brain and many of its structures as he enlarged his understanding of the nervous system. Cajal published numerous technical papers to begin his explanation of the anatomical structure of nerves and the brain. Cajal became recognized throughout Europe by 1889 for his important work. As a result, both Golgi and Cajal shared the Nobel prized in physiology and medicine in 1906.
It was not until the late 20th and early 21st centuries that true bioelectronic medical treatment approaches involving the use of neuro-coded or electrical signaling technologies were possible. Recent advances in technology have allowed for the development of bioelectronic approaches to treating a variety of conditions, including cancer. True bioelectronic medical treatment applications are now possible given advancements in electronics and a better understand of how conditions such as cancer actually function in the human body.
The present inventor has been involved in the development of the premier bioelectronic technology of our time as outlined in a variety of bioelectronic medical treatment patents and patent applications covering the use of neuro-coded signaling technology. Validation of this bioelectronic technology is evidence by the fact that large pharmaceutical companies and organizations are now moving into the field of bioelectronics, albeit many years after the present inventor's initial patent application filings and without much in the way of intellectual property. For example, the monolithic international pharmaceutical giant GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) announced in 2013 that it was pursuing an effort toward the development of “electroceutical” or bioelectronic medicine (see “A Jumpstart-Start for Electroceuticals, Nature”, 11 Apr. 2013, Vol 496, pp. 159-161. Famm et al). Ironically, the present inventor's own research and thinking in the bioelectronic area was captured in patent filings many years prior to GSK's 2013 initiative.
To date, the primary approach to treating cancer based on bioelectronic technology has been outlined in patents and patent application publications by the present inventor. Such in inventions are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0286689 entitled “Method and System for Processing Cancer Cell Electrical Signals for Medical Therapy,” which published on Nov. 11, 2010; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 201110270248 entitled “System and Method to Elicit Apoptosis in Malignant Tumor Cells for Medical Treatment,” which published on Nov. 3, 2011; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0130754 entitled “Hybrid Scientific Computer System for Processing Cancer Cell Signals as Medical Therapy,” which published on Jun. 2, 2011; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/334,212 entitled “Method to Switch-Off Cancer Cell Electrical Communication Codes as Medical Therapy,” which was filed on Dec. 12, 2008. U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0286689; 2011/0270248; 2011/0130754; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/334,212 are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Additionally, U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/621,659 entitled “Encoded Bioelectronic Method and System and Calcium Treatment for Slaying Cancer by Rapid Triggering of Cellular Apoptosis and Karyorrhexis.” which was filed on Feb. 13, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BRIEF SUMMARY
The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the disclosed embodiments and is not intended to be a full description. A full appreciation of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide for an improved cancer treatment technology.
It is another aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide for methods, devices, and systems for the rapid destruction of malignant tumors by excitotoxicity and osmotic-shock medical tactics.
It is another aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide for methods and systems for the alteration of cancer cell internal electrical signals so as to trigger and induce cell death.
It is yet another aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide methods and systems for inducing or eliciting apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells due to reprogramming the intra-cellular operational communication network.
It is still another aspect of the disclosed embodiments to trigger karyorrhexis in cancer cells.
It is a further aspect of the disclosed embodiments to trigger apoptosis and karyorrhexis in cancer cells.
It is also an aspect of the disclosed embodiments to provide methods and systems for using calcium and related compounds and processes for damaging and destroying cancer cells in association with the disclosed bioelectronic medical treatment(s).
The aforementioned aspects and other objectives and advantages can now be achieved as described herein. Methods and systems are disclosed for the rapid destruction of cancer tumor(s), which are made up of thousands to millions of living malignant cancer cells. This approach seeks to kill said tumor(s) by causing apoptosis or excitotoxicity and/or osmotic-shock within a human or animal for medical treatment.
Conventional targeted cancer therapies are drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in tumor growth and spreading or engaging in metastatic colonization throughout the body. The disclosed embodiments, on the other hand, can implement a technology that kills the living cancer cells directly and quickly leaving only dead cancer cells.
The disclosed embodiments can accomplish treatment during a time from, for example, 10 to 20 minutes up to multiple hours against a targeted cancer located in a human or animal. All malignant species are eligible for such treatment. Eukaryote classification consists of cellular organisms whose individual cell contains a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. The dead tumors are removable from live patients, leaving no live cancer cells.
In some embodiments, a reaction chamber can be used to enclose the tumor in a water-tight sealed non-metallic clam-shell or any other style of enclosure that the surgical team considers appropriate. Such a reaction chamber can be sealed during the cancer killing process.
The reactive materials used within the clam-shell or other style enclosures that destroy the malignant or benign tumor in a live patient can include saturated calcium C++ compounds. In addition, de-ionized and/or ionized waters, and glutamate transporters can be employed, which can accommodate excitotoxic reaction pathways. This includes the use of AMPA and/or AMPAR which are quisqualate receptors for glutamatergic chemicals along with kainic acid, if needed, to trigger an overactive glutamatergic storm. Destroying the malignant or non-malignant tumor cells may be accomplished within the clam-shell treatment chamber or by employing any other enclosure to confine the cancer death process, which will also render the clean-up of the destroyed tumor more confined.
Arterial blood vessels that are feeding the tumor and venous vessels that are scavenging blood from the tumor should be clamped during the medical procedure to prevent contamination of other body structures by the chemicals used in the clam-shell reaction chamber.
The treatment time for causing apoptosis, excitotoxicity, or osmotic-shock to cancer cells and/or malignant tumors is from 10 to 20 minutes up to many hours, depending on the size and location of the target tumor.
The procedure described can be also be utilized to treat benign tumors such as uterine fibroid or muscle and limb tumors.
Recording its intrinsic cellular electrical pattern can also attack the cancer and then reprogram said signals so as to shut down the operating signal system and cause the death of the cancer.
The methods and systems of shutting down the electrical signaling system can be transmitted throughout from one cell to its neighboring cells in a process of relaying the death codes to electrically shut down the entire tumor.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally-similar elements throughout the separate views and which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, further illustrate the embodiments and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrate a pictorial drawing of cell components;
FIG. 2 illustrates a pictorial drawing of the structure of the plasma membrane;
FIG. 3 illustrates a junction view the attachments between tumor cells;
FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial drawing of the internal framework of a cell;
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate respective schematic diagrams depicting apoptosis, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis events;
FIG. 6 also illustrates a schematic diagram depicting karyolysis, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis leading to nuclear dissolution and an anuclear necrotic cell:
FIG. 7 illustrates example devices capable of applying C++ tumor treatment compounds, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments;
FIGS. 8-9 illustrates a layout of the neuro electric system and example electrodes that can be utilized to pierce the plasma membrane to communicate with the tumor and its cells, in accordance with a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of a computer system that can be utilized to execute programming for executing the methods, systems, and/or processor-readable media disclosed herein; and
FIG. 11 depicts a graphical representation of a network of data-processing systems in which aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The particular values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
The disclosed embodiments generally cover a number of varying embodiments including, for example, the rapid destruction of malignant tumors by excitotoxicity osmotic-shock medical tactics. These embodiments will be discussed later herein. Some embodiments relate to the alteration of cancer cell internal electrical signals so as to trigger and induce cell death, which will be discussed and illustrated first. These embodiments can be implemented alone or in combination with the above-referenced embodiments related to the rapid destruction of malignant tumors by excitotoxicity osmotic-shock medical tactics.
A primary mechanism of such embodiments relates to inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells due to reprogramming the intra-cellular operational communication network. Although, it might be thought that many cancer cells are not susceptible or capable of undertaking a programmed cell death because of the immortal nature of healthy cancer cells, which just keep on reproducing. However, the embodiments provide a technological approach to altering the protective negative charge of the cancerous glycocalyx to a positive charge to introduce the nucleus into taking-in and accepting the apoptosis command signals which are aimed at shutting-down the cellular operations in an apoptosis death-spiral leading to apoptosis
Cancer plasma membrane electrical shielding protections go from negative to positive charges and thusly open up an opportunity for the immune T-cells, which are naturally equipped to be negatively charged, so as to be able to attack the malignant tumor with the body's own immune system. The problem is that the cancer's glycocalyx has a negative charge which naturally repels the immune systems killer T-cells. A part of the solution offered via the disclosed embodiments is the ability to rearrange the negative glycocalyx to switch over to a positive charge. Hence, the killer T-cells along with other immune system features are able to attack through the glycocalyx and knock down an important cancer cell defense.
Cancer tumors are made up of large numbers of cancer cells that reproduce or multiply at incredible speed that can span 20 minutes up to some 24 hours or longer, depending on the specific cancer species. Cancer cells continuously reproduce themselves for the life span of any given malignant tumor. A specific tumor continues to extend itself locally within the body until its blood supply and space limit its growth. Then it has to trigger a metastatic program whereby it releases outer cells of the tumor to travel to other locations where it can gather blood supply and nourishment and have enough living space to expand. All types of cells can be cancerized including neurons, bones, glandular and connective tissue, muscle, organs, and skin, nothing is exempt.
There are no prior systems that accomplish reprogramming of the intra-cellular communication system of cancer cells and specifically the nuclei of each malignant cell by means of electrically manipulating the signals and disabling them by use of confounding electrical signal shapes. The present inventor was the first to outline such a system and approach in other patent filings. The cancer treatment signal operates at the approximate voltage and amperage level of the cancer cell's nucleus. Also, it is known that the cellular mechanisms and organelles operating within the cytoplasm share electrical signal encoded language of all the cells in a tumor. Encoded electrical signals participate in the life, death, growth, and reproduction activities, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus of each malignant cell living within the tumor.
The disclosed embodiments are designed to cause necrosis, apoptosis, karyolysis, pyknosis, and/or then karyorrhexis in multiple clusters of cells simultaneously by application and distributing or transporting the confounding treatment signals throughout the tumor. The communication links include the entire cellular cytoskeleton and pathways provided by desmosome, gap junction, and/or tight junction linkage between the adjoining tumor cells. In that manner, the signals are distributed to every element of the tumor so they supply like-kind treatment operating information throughout. However, depending on the size of the tumor at least 1 repeat application of the reprogrammed signals may be required for a complete exposure to cause programmed cell death throughout the cancer.
Part of the cancer destruction treatment is the introduction of calcium into the nucleus to assist in triggering the nuclei of the tumor to undergo and participate in the apoptosis, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis cellular events.
Understanding Cancer Cells and a New Technology to Destroy them
Electrical and Encoded Signal Aspects to Kill Cancer Tumor Cells
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of cellular components of an example cell 100. The depiction shown in FIG. 1 illustrates, for example, cellular components such as mitochondria, ribosomes, centrosome, centrioles, the nucleus, nucleolus, and so on. FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic drawing of the structure of a plasma membrane 100 of the cell 100 shown in FIG. 1.
Cancer cells have a complex cellular wall called the plasma membrane, an example of which is shown in FIG. 2, and which surrounds or spreads over all sides of the cell 100. There are some 300 types of ion pores in the plasma membrane for purposes of transporting all of the raw materials used by the cell to live and compound the materials used by the cell to perform its duties.
The plasma membrane may have from a small number ion channels up to approximately 200 to 400 molecular channels or more and of different dimension through which the passage of desired nutriments and electrolytic ions can enter the cell. In addition, the selected ion channels can rid the individual cells of waste products in a process called autophagy to transport, excrete, or see to the expulsion of waste products from the cellular interior into the extracellular space.
The molecular channels within the plasma membrane have molecular sized opening for the different molecules of extracellular ions and other nutriments or materials required by the cell. An example of the materials desired by the cell can be sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium ions, and water.
The numbers of molecular channels are individually only able to admit selected sized ions and molecules and are present in the numbers that approximate the amount of ions and molecules that are required by the cell.
The passage of ions through the cellular membrane participates, generates, and/or creates a flow of electric currents within the membrane and/or on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. At points where the cytoskeleton, intermediate-filaments or microfilaments is attached to the plasma membranes it allows the signals to gain entry onto the cytoskeleton so as to be able to serve as a pathway to transport the signals around the cell. The signals travel to trigger or adjust chemical reaction areas and to various organelles and the nucleus to trigger reactions and pass along cellular communication instructions, at a minimum.
The cancer cell membrane is both the site and the source of the intra-cellular electrical energy that operates the signaling processes within the cell. So it might be the that the cell wall plasma membrane anatomy is the actual generator of the electrical energy and helps form the shape of the signal(s) that operates within a particular cell. All of the malignant cells combined electrical energy that is generated in or around the plasma membrane provides for a communication system not only within a given cell but throughout the entire tumor by means of the conductivity of the cytoskeleton as it passes from one cell to another via desmosomes or other special connections established between the connected adjacent cancerous cells.
This electrical signal flow traveling throughout the many cells of the tumor allows for the generation of instructions to selected cells that are destined to metastasize to distant sites to spread colonies for the malignancy. Such cells become soft and slightly puffy as they are released into the lymph or blood circulation system to travel to distant sites to start a new metastatic colony.
Other signals are generated when a tumor gets to a certain size and is unable to receive enough blood flow to nourish the rapidly growing malignant mass so as to trigger nearby blood vessels to generate and project additional or larger arteries directly into the tumor. In response to encoded signals from the tumor, smaller arterial branches will bud from larger blood vessels and extend into the tumor where it will splay into multiple arteries and enter the tumor at desired locations to deliver blood with its oxygen to the parts of the tumor cluster that are becoming hypoxic. Without the additional blood supply, the tumors destiny will be impaired and many cells may eventually die. Otherwise, the tumor would have to limit its cell multiplication to hold down the growth size of the malignancy to accommodate the level of available blood supply.
This disclosed embodiments make use of a reprogramming of the above mentioned electrical signal process to be able to alter the shape and electrical properties of the cellular system and the system of signals throughout the tumor cellular cluster in a given location of a human or animal body. The most desirable signal alteration can be aimed at causing cell death by how the treatment signals are reshaped to disturb the metabolism, nucleolus communication, protein manufacturing and reproduction mechanisms simultaneously so as to prevent the cell from resuming its normal duties. First, certain cell signals are recorded and then altered by reprogramming the shape and power level of the resident cancer electrical system from the malignant cell is accomplished. Second, the treatment codes are transmitted into the malignant tumor along with the calcium treatment.
Calcium C++ Applied to and Inserted into the Cancer Cells
C++ calcium of the finest size particles, preferably as close to molecular size, are made up into liquid slurry for painting onto the tumor or compounded in a form so that a C++ formulation can be sprayed over the tumor with a miniature spraying apparatus with adjustable or changeable nozzle to meet the location and size of the tumor(s).
The C++ calcium slurry or compound will smother only the cancer target of the treatment. The contact of the C++ calcium that contacts the calcium ion channels will be taken into the cell while the coating over the other channels who's pore size will not accommodate the calcium particle dimension would smother and prevent the usual other ionic particles from entering the cell(s). Such increasing of the calcium in the cells coupled with the denying of other ionic molecules to cellular duties will contribute to injuring the cell by osmotic-shock and moving it to its death status by apoptosis or karyorrhexis. FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate respective schematic diagrams depicting apoptosis, pyknosis, and Karyorrhexis. FIG. 5A illustrates the basic components of a cell 502 including, for example, a nucleus. Pyknosis 504 or nucleus condensing is shown in FIG. 5B. Karyorrhexis 506 or nucleus fragmenting is also shown in FIG. 5C. Similarly, FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram 600 depicting karyolysis 602, pyknosis 604, and karyorrhexis 606 leading to nuclear dissolution and an anuclear necrotic cell.
FIG. 7 illustrates example devices capable of applying C++ tumor treatment compounds, in accordance with the disclosed embodiments. For example, FIG. 7 indicates an example tumor 700, which is located within the body of a patient. Potential devices include, for example, a miniature spraying apparatus 704, such as described above. The use of C++ calcium as part of the method to cause the death of the cancer may be applied by many techniques, including injection, painting by brush or sprayer, wrapped cloth or gauze 702 impregnated with the calcium compounded formulation. Also, the C++ calcium is coated the required amount of times around the tumor and can then be sealed with an impervious or breathable material to prevent waste products from exiting the tumor. In addition, the wrapping treatment via such a waterproof wrap 706, for example, prevents any extracellular ions or water from entering the tumor 700 proper. Such a treatment smothers the malignant tumor and prevents it from receiving anything but the calcium which will have a tendency to accelerate or excite the cancer cell's internally generated operational electrical signals which will have the effect to drive the participating malignant cells toward apoptosis and karyorrhexis which will lead to fragmenting the nucleus and the death of the cancer cells in places which have been treated, as described. In other situations, the calcium may be injected via a syringe 708 directly into the tumor in association with the electrical cancer treatment described herein.
Brief Introduction to Normal Cells
All humans and animals are constructed of cells. Cells are the smallest fundamental unit of life. A cell is the smallest living structure capable of performing all of the processes that define life. All cells have an electrical and a chemical process. Most cells have an electrical communication system to operate the cell. The human body is made up of some 100 trillion cells representing perhaps some 300 cell-types. Each cell-type performs a specific function such as operating muscles, glands, and vital organs. In addition, nerves, which are made of communicating-cells called neurons, provide electrical regulating signals to operate and adjust enormous amounts of functional activities throughout the body to maintain homeostasis (life equilibrium).
Normal cells reproduce by going through a cell cycle that leads to reproduction of similar cells by a process of mitosis which is where a single cell divides and then splits into two daughter cells that are exact replications of the mother cell. Normal cells are limited as to how many times they can reproduce by mitosis, which is probably no more than 70 times.
Brief Introduction to Cancerized Cells:
Cancer occurs in normal cells which birth-defected distorted chromosomes and abnormal genes which lead to the formation of a defective cell which exhibits a severe disorder of mitosis (cell division). The thrust of a cancerized cell is to continuously reproduce by splitting into similar daughter cells uncontrollably, for its entire life. Some species of cancer cells can reproduce continuously every 30 minutes while others could take 24 hours or longer to multiply each cell that is undergoing reproductive mitosis. When a cell becomes malignant, changes are made in its electrical communication signals.
Once a normal but defective cell becomes cancerized, it has a tendency to grow a colony of similar cancer cells without regard to its former normal cell duties and destiny. Defective normal cells that have the potential to become cancerized can be potentially triggered by a number of factors such as cigarette smoke, chemicals, viruses, radiation, or other influence. So we can say that a cancer cell emerges from a normal cell that has undergone a malignant change.
Cancer cells continue to reproduce by splitting (including the nucleus) into two daughter cells which themselves split and grow into adult cancer cells and then split again, on and on continually for the life of the malignancy. This process of cell splitting is called mitosis only produces daughter cells, which enlarges into a massive collection of cells, which we call a tumor. Designated cancer cells on the outer edges of the tumor can be released and travel to other distant sites by a process called metastasis. Once this metastatic process proceeds, the cancer spreads to critical body parts and usually heralds a poor overall outcome for the patient. Cancer cells are unregulated, disorganized, and engage in extremely rapid rates of mitosis. When enough cancer cells are made, they form larger tumors, which interfere with the duties and nutrition of nearby normal cells.
Cancer does it's damage in complex ways that include strangling or distorting organs, blood vessels and nerves as well as working its way into bones, brain, and muscles. Groups of cancer cells are connected together and feature an inter-connected electrical communication system internally and between each of the cells within a malignant tumor. Cancer cells perform no function that contributes to the homeostasis (life equilibrium) of the body in any way.
Cancer cells have developed ways to repel the human body immune system by several means including erecting an electrical shield on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, which is produced by the cancer cell itself. Such a thin electrical shield is called the glycocalyx and generates a negative charge to oppose the animal or human immune system, which is also negatively charged. Two negative bodies repel each other, which in the case of cancer means that the immune system cannot engage the tumor to destroy it. The body's natural immune system is not effective in attacking cancer as it does in attacking invading bacteria or viruses or even malfunctioning cells that have been injured, which are usually positively charged. Positively charged microbes or ill cells are susceptible to killer T-cell and other immune system attacks because the negatively charged immune defenses can approach its target successfully.
Anatomy and Physiology of Cell Components
The Plasma Membrane
A characteristic cell is surrounded by a thin plasma membrane, which separates the internal structures and operating organelles from the cells external environment. It houses and protects the contents of the cell. It consists of a bilayer of phospholipids and various proteins, which are attached or embedded.
The plasma membrane is a semi permeable structure that allows passage of nutrients, ions, water, and other materials into the cell. It also allows an exit pathway for waste products and for functional two-way passage of many kinds of molecules to adjust cell chemistry. The principal purpose of the cell membrane is to provide a barrier that contains all of the processes and components within the living cell and to simultaneously repel unwanted substances from invading or entering the cell.
Since cells are electrochemical in nature, the plasma membrane is the site for generating the cells electrical signals for metabolic and other operations and to serve as a means to communicate, relay and receive signals with other cells, especially those of similar type. The nucleus and plasma membrane communicate with electrical signals. The nucleus determines how the cell functions and also determines the architecture of the cell and its contents. The plasma membrane uses electrical signaling to open passageways and ion channels to allow the intake of chemicals as well as the outflow of cellular waste products.
The thickness of a typical cellular membrane is something like 7-8 nanometers. Because it is so thin, it can only endure so much of an electrical field which does not exceed 100 mill volts, or 1 tenth of a volt. Almost certainly the electrical field would not exceed 150 mill volts to prevent a dielectric breakdown that is arcing across the membrane wall. Almost certainly exceeding 200 mill volts would produce destructive arcing.
The outside of the cell membrane is coated with a defensive glycocalyx, which is designed and produced by the cell to protect it and allow it to be recognized. The nucleus has input into the crafting of membrane defensive characteristics. The glycocalyx can produce a negative electric surface charge in cancer cells so as to repel the body's immune system.
The cell membrane regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell. Also, it can detect external signals and mediate interactions between other cells. Membrane carbohydrates are installed on the outer surface function as cell markers to distinguish itself from other cells.
This plasma membrane contains the sites where the electrical energy is created and the cellular communication signals are formed. These signals are transmitted over the cytoskeleton, which acts like wires, to regulate and trigger metabolic and functional processes within the cell. The cell nucleus communicates with all organelles and operating structures located within the cell. FIG. 3, for example, illustrates a junction view 300 of the attachments between tumor cells. FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial drawing of the internal framework 400 of a cell, such as the cell 100 shown in FIG. 1.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton maintains the shape of all cells from the inside. It is like a geodesic structure that provides strength and internal areas for electro-chemical timed reactions. Noteworthy is that the cytoskeleton extends into other cells and links up with their cytoskeleton, to maintain and form communication links into adjacent cells. This structure is made up of a network of hollow-microtubules, solid-microfilaments, and solid-intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton is anchored to the plasma membrane and serves as the “wiring” to transmit the cellular communication signals.
The cytoskeleton is made up of actin and myosin, which are also found in muscle structures. The cytoskeleton also controls the circulation of the cytosol that is the fluid and semi-fluid that suspends the organelles. Organelles are the functioning entities of the cell that manufacture and distribute cellular products and processes necessary for the cell to live.
Cell Communication Connections
Individual cells operate themselves by electrical and chemical processes to maintain life and to perform the function for which a given cell has been constructed. Cancer cells have different electrical signals than normal cells.
Cells generate their electrical energy and communication signals within the plasma membrane. Such membrane also has electrical connections to adjacent cells of the same type to allow uniform information transfer. The nucleus is in communication with activities occurring in the plasma membrane and, for that matter, all other activities of the cell. Electrical signaling functions control and regulate chemical activities, autophagy, regulates the mitochondrial production of ATP which serve as an energy source for the cell, and controls the ribosome's protein manufacturing operations. In addition, the electrical codes serve as communication means with the adjoining cells including when to release cells for metastasis operations among other duties.
Cell communication is both electrical and chemical. Little scientific work has been done to understand electrical cell signals, due largely to the lack of electronic equipment to detect, record, and retransmit the tiny cellular waveforms operating within the cells. Over the last century, studies of cell activity was confined to figuring out how the chemical activity operates because of lack of recording and sensing techniques as well as microscopic capability to study the details of what was going on.
Cytoplasm and Key Cellular Organelles
Cytoplasm and Nucleus: The cytoplasm, a fluid that can be rather gel-like, surrounds the nucleus, which is considered an organelle. The nucleus contains the DNA genetic information and hence, controls both the activity of the cell and its structural nature. The nucleus is spherical and is surrounded by a double membrane, the nuclear membrane and envelope, which is perforated by a significant number of pores that allow the exchange of materials and substances with the cell's cytoplasm and the extra moist environment outside which contains the ionic minerals and chemicals that feed the cells and provides the necessary water.
The nucleus is an electrical body which contains the cell's DNA and carries programs to operate its electrical signals and the opening and closing of channels in the wall of the cell's plasma membrane. The nucleus also contains the apoptosis program for cell suicide. Depending on the duties of the cell, some use ion channels that function electrically and others are influenced by chemicals that it obtains from the extra cellular media. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane wall, and thusly creating voltage differences between the inner and outer sides of the membrane. Such difference in the electrical values range from −40 mV to −80 mV. Because the cell acts as a battery, it provides the power to operate molecular devices that are embedded in the plasma membrane. The electrical activity sends signals that communicate with adjoining cells of the tumor to regulate the cancer as an intra grail living body.
Mitochondria: An important organelle is the mitochondria, which serves as the power station for the cell. They are rod or oval shaped structures functioning as respiration for the cell. A number of mitochondria are scattered within the cytoplasm and move in accordance with its flow. The product produced as a biological fuel is called adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The manufacture of ATP results from the processing of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The cell communication system supplies the ATP to other organelles that require this bio-fuel to provide processing energy as needed.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): is a network of membranes that form channels that criss-crosses the cytoplasm utilizing its tubular and vesicular structures to manufacture various molecules. The system is dotted with small granular structures called ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins. Smooth ER makes fat compounds and deactivates certain chemicals like alcohol or detected undesirable chemicals such as pesticides. Rough ER makes and modifies proteins and stores them until notified by the cell communication system to send them to organelles that require the substances. All cells in humans, except erythrocytes (red blood cells), are equipped with endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi Apparatus: consist of Golgi bodies, which are located close to the nucleus and consist of flattened membranes stacked atop one another like a stack of plates. The Golgi apparatus sorts and modifies proteins and fats made by the ER, after which it surrounds and packs them in a membranous vesicle so they can be moved around the cell as needed. Similarly, there is a process to pack up cell waste products for expulsion from the cell via ports in the plasma membrane into the extra cellular spaces.
Lysosomes; are the digestive system for the cell. They contain copious quantities of acids, enzymes, and phosphates to break down microbes and other undesirable substances that have entered the cell. They also digest and recycle worn-out organelles to make new cellular structures or parts.
Ribosomes: are tiny spherical organelles distributed around the cell in large numbers to synthesize cell proteins. They also create amino acid chains for protein manufacture. Ribosomes are created within the nucleoli at the level of the nucleolus and then released into the cytoplasm.
Programmed Cell Death
Programmed cell death is called apoptosis. Apoptosis is a bio-medical term indicating that there is a state of natural or induced reprogramming of a cell to enter a suicide mode whereby the cell dies without any inflammatory process. Thereafter, the lifeless cell is phagocytized and removed by macrophages of the immune system. Apoptosis can occur in many kinds of cells such as erythrocytes as a method to rid the body of non-performing or defective cells. Cancer cells are thought to not have much opportunity to have preprogrammed cell death because those cells have an immortal ability to continue to reproduce and reorganize the cellular electrochemical system in a way that suits the purpose of the cancerized cell. However, the inventor is aware that cancer cells do get diverted to activate programmed cell death and destroy themselves in response to an abnormal birth. It does this to commit suicide so as to not burden the well-formed cancer cells, which are capable of participating in the life process of a growing tumor cluster.
Cancer Cell Activity
Although, some 200 ion channels or more populate all sides of the cell plasma membrane which encompasses and shelters the interior operations of the cancer cell. All cells, including malignant ones, must have an internal signaling mechanism in order for them to operate the cell and remain alive as well as participating in tumor life processes of continuous reproduction of more cancer cells Any individual cell is among the smallest units of life. Cancer cells generally have signaling ability to adjacent similar cells so they can be coordinated to work together. Their principal duties are the bringing into the tumor sufficient oxygen and nutriments to support its principal goal of unending reproduction by mitosis (Karyokinesis). This is a method of nuclear division, which produces two daughter cells by a process of cell division. This is the usual process by which nuclei are replicated in the orderly process of mitosis as one cell becomes two. This is accomplished by splitting the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles of the parent cell into two distinct daughter cells.
Signaling between cells of a tumor make it possible to know when to release adult cells so that they can metastasize to other areas and begin a new tumor colony. The metastatic cancer cells travel within the blood vessels or the lymphatic system or propel themselves across an organ, nerve, gland, or muscle to seed a new tumor site. For the individual cancer cells to communicate among themselves, they have to establish links to neighboring cells. These connections between the individual adjacent cancer cells are specifically tied to one another to allow for the sharing of signals. Ordinarily, cancer cells do not communicate with normal cells and are unable to operate the healthy normal cell in any way, therefore, sparing the unaffected normal cell from any direct operational assault.
An initiating cancer cell starts out as a normal cell, but develops a chromosomal and/or a genetic chaos that drives a transformation to malignancy. Prevailing cancer theory blames mutations in important regulatory genes for disturbing the normal controls on cells that are destined to become malignant. Such theory does not give credit to the damaging changes to actual chromosomes that are seen in all cancer cells. The distorted, broken, or bent chromosomes unbalance thousands of genes en masse and are sufficient to trigger cellular instability that leads to serious genetic disruption and to account for the transformation of so-called normal cells into malignant ones. The cancer cells retain their electrochemical signaling and operating systems which existed when it was a normal cell, but now changes are ordered up for it to rearrange its cellular mechanisms in new ways to disconnect its communication ability from adjacent normal cells and to start rapid reproduction of more cancerous cells which are then connected to communicate only within its own transformed malignant species.
Interestingly the first cancer cells that are adjacent to normal unaffected cells are sometimes not wired into the rest of the tumor. Perhaps these first cells are only a demarcation line from malignant to normal and do not have to participate in the cellular communication system. Later, cells do develop the desmosome interconnection communication system that allows a way for each cell to speak to its adjacent neighbor cells. Other means of communicating between cancer cells beside desmosomes are gap junctions, direct cell connections, and tight junctions. The various junctions are connected with the intermediate filaments so as to provide the pathway to transmit messages between the various cancer cells.
Neither the normal cell nor the malignant cell can live without a functioning electrical signaling mechanism to operate the electro-chemical processes that are shelved on the cytoskeleton shelving. The cytoskeleton is the framework within the cell that provides a somewhat flexible geodesic-like framework to maintain cell shape, provide shelves for chemical or electrochemical process, and allow space for the organelles, nucleus, and protein manufacturing elements within the cell. The liquid within the cell is called cytoplasm. There is a cytoplasmic streaming process that causes directional movement of the liquid cytoplasm as a means of local transport for the semi-floating organelles (functional cell components). Likely, this allows these floating structures some sort of communication between the cellular membrane and the nucleus as they come into close proximity.
The cytoskeleton is composed and constructed of intermediate sized filaments, which actually serve as the internal structure to maintain cellular shape. But for our purposes, we know that the filamentous structure serves to provide a highway for electrical signals to travel to sites of chemical process that reside on shelves constructed by the cytoskeleton assembly within the cell. The intermediate filaments are composed of compounds that are similar to the structures of muscles, which have their own electrical properties. The signals traveling through or on the cytoskeleton most likely initiates and stops the chemical reactions as required. The electrical signals likely skip and travel along the surface of the filamentous network rather than within the central framework, again on some sort of scheduled or timed basis or in response to some event or instruction. Access to all systems within the cell by nucleus operations is made possible by electrical signals residing within the individual cells. The cells communicate with all the adjoining living cancer cells.
Cells become more electro-negative in the course of cancerization, which no doubt is genetically mediated. Cancer cells seem to reconstruct the cellular membrane access ports to allow the importation of more sodium and sugars than non-cancerous cells of the same size. The electrical potential between the inner and exterior layers of the plasma membrane serve as a sort of electrical generator to supply the power to operate the individual cancer cell
The cytoskeleton intermediate filaments are hooked together with a sort of “Velcro” at its connection points throughout the cells interior to allow some flexing of the overall cellular structure. Importantly, the intermediate filaments continue protruding through the desmosome, which allows a connection to an adjoining cancer cell. This piercing of the cell wall within the desmosome is how signals are sent and received from adjoining cells. There can be several desmosome connections on different aspects of the cell wall (plasma membrane) so as to connect to cells over, under, and beside a given cancerous cell, so as to communicate with everybody. In the alternative, other types of cellular attachment for signal transduction or transmission is likely. We can never forget that every cell is a unit of life unto itself and has the ability to accomplish some sort of simple primitive reasoning or organized processing that is not understood at this time.
Japanese scientists have performed a great deal of work by microscope that dates back into the 1980s on various cellular attachment schemes. Ishimaru, Kurano, and Hayashi, for example, noted that some cells in a haematoma/sarcoma tumor island had no desmosome connection while they found that a great many cancer cells do utilize desmosome connections. The Japanese scientist also reported that some of the cells formed island-like structures, the cell contact to normal cells in the structure consisted of only simple apposition with no intermediate junctions, desmosomes or tight junctions. Which means there is only minimal interrelationships. They, in a sense, became mere barriers between normal and cancerous cells. (Reference: Cancer Cell Biology, edited by Takeo Nagyo and Wataru Mori, published by Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo. ISBN 4-7622-0250-2 Published December 1980.)
Besides being a barrier, cells that are attached on the outer edges of the tumor are the non-desmosome-connected type and may become the cells that can be released to metastasize, although no one has suggested that. The Japanese did note that cells on the peripheral of an aggressively growing cancer did not have desmosomes inter-cellular connections, but were assembled by tight junctions or intermediate junctions mechanisms. It is not known as yet if cytoskeleton connections touch the point of other types of cellular adhesion as a communication link to adjacent cells or make the transition connecting in mid-desmosome. There is suspicion that all the abutting cancer cells are able to communicate with one another. It is suspected that cancer cells that are going to metastasize do prepare themselves to split-away from the tumor cluster, especially when the cells are beginning to starve for blood flow and oxygen. We have a report that as the cell gets ready to metastasize, it becomes more compressible and “squishier”=according to James Gimzewski of UCLA in a report released in December 2007. Presumably, this is a part of the metastatic process of breaking away from the mother tumor to travel elsewhere via the lymphatic, vascular system, or by direct extension from the primary tumor site to a nearby region that the cancer deems a suitably fertile area to colonize and develop a plot for a brand new tumor. It seems that there are preferred areas that specific kinds of cancer select to establish their various metastatic colony.
It is not known how signals went through to other cells when desmosomes connections were not in attendance. Potentially some other types of cell wall connections allow for the transfer of electrical instructions such as releasing to go and metastasize or to take on reproduction duties. Electrical signals from the plasma membrane travel on the surface of the intermediate filaments and reach chemical processes and likely ignite or stimulate a reaction that contributes to reproduction, protein manufacture, or metabolic operations. Without electrical activity and the molecular devices that operate the cell plasma membrane, the cell could not function properly. We always have to remember that all cellular biological processes include electricity and chemical processes. There are no living cells that do not comprise both a chemical and an electrically based methodology to maintain functional operations as their purpose in life. The cell biologists are aware of this, but have never launched an effort to figure out how the electrical component works. They are too invested in chemical actions and reactions as that is how they began before the age of electronics made it possible to actually trace electrical phenomenon in cells.
Cells have an electrical zone, parts of which concern the plasma membrane, which is sometimes also referred to as the cell wall. The cytoskeleton is anchored to the inside of the plasma membrane wall and serves as a method to generate or produce electrical instructions and as well as seeing to distribution of the actual electrical communications. Between the inner and outer cell plasma membrane there is an electrical potential. The cell wall seemingly can be considered a sort of battery. In fact, the plasma membrane outer and inner surfaces seem to be involved with the ion ports in generating electrical signals that are involved in operation of the cell itself. Intermediate filaments and microfilaments are likely carrying the signals generated within the outer and inner plasma membrane walls and the circular ion port walls.
In cancers, the charge of the outer wall takes on a protective negative charge, especially on the very thin outermost cell coating which is called the glycocalyx. This glycocalyx in cancers have a continuous negative charge protecting the malignant structure from the immune system, which is also electrically charged in a negative format to repel the immune system from attacking the cancer, while non-cancerous glycocalyx coatings are positive in their protective electrical charge. All of this allows the positive protective charge to permit the negative charged immune system to embrace magnetically the positive cell protective elements and engage undesirable invaders like viruses or bacteria. Not so for the cancer glycocalyx with its negative shield which will automatically repel the immune killer T-cells as they approach.
Thusly in the laws of magnetic forces, positive and negative will join together, while negative against negative will not make a connection, but would repel one another. This allows the cancer protective glycocalyx to keep the immune system forces from interfering with the malignant activity of the cancer cells.
The question comes to mind as to why have cell biologists concentrated on chemical signaling for the past 100 years, only mentioning the likely existence of some sort of electrical process. With microscopes, the scientists pursued every corner of the cell, including cancer cells to learn what was going on. They also were able to name the anatomical parts of the cell and study at least some of the chemical reactions that occurred on some of the cytoskeleton shelves. But, what they could not do is determine anything about the electrical component or the contribution of an electrical signal at a given place within the cell. When they did not have full answers, they just slid over to the next reaction and did not answer how the complete communicational process operates. It was easy then in those historical times to merely say it was communicating only via chemical signals.
Gradually, university cell researchers and teaching teams continued with the chemical reaction theory, but were usually unable to actually initiate or cause any individual cellular communication reaction to occur in a laboratory setting. Cellular biologists were able to analyze and identify the presence of many cytokine, ions of sodium, potassium, and calcium among others. Anytime sodium and potassium are present, one can rest assured that an electrical process is taking place. Sodium, for example, is always involved in sparking signals, as it has no other real purpose in cells, to the present inventor's knowledge, except to make things move or to serve as a signal to make something happen. Always recall and remember that the cell is a little tiny unit of life, which requires a great deal of preparation and the use of various types of microscopes to properly peer into and study. Think of 60 to 400 cells occupying the space taken up by a ballpoint pen dot and you can imagine how difficult it is to study a single cell. The light microscope was used by Robert Hooke during the 17th century to study cells. The electron microscope first introduced by Ernst Ruske in 1933 enabled cells to be explored at up to 50,000 times magnification.
The Invention of the Electron Microscope
The tunneling microscope invented in 1981 by Binnig and Rohrer in IBM's Zurich laboratory has taken the idea of studying a single atom or subatomic particle into the realm of possibility.
But even though one can see the anatomy and components of a single cell today, it is still impossible to “see” the electrical process going on without a method to record and manipulate its neuro signal patterns for study. For the technical approach to be able to send a signal to trigger a cancer cell to cause apoptosis (programmable cellular death) also requires specialized electronic equipment as is described herein as the method for recording, storing, reprogramming, and re-transmitting the treatment signals including versions of the imulus contact/treatment device. Because of their high conductivity and strength, carbon nanotubes, for example, can serve as a suitable contact electrode of the imulus so as to pierce a cancer cell so as to communicate with the cell nucleus. The small diameter of the imulus carbon nanotube contact electrodes provide the delicate structure to deal with the exceedingly small individual cancer cells. It can be appreciated, however, that other types of devices may be used in place of carbon nanotubes.
These contact points have made all the difference in the ability for spearing and piercing the membrane and to get inside the cell for both collecting communication signals and to transmit re-programmed signals. The carbon nanotubes may also act as antennas in the extremely wet environment of the cell. The signals are extremely fast and ultra-low voltage at micro amps. The signal will be so small that a human would not be able to detect it from a single nanotube electrode, which was in close contact with a sensitive fingertip. It is not the power of the signal that is important, but rather the shape and configuration of the transmitted treatment signal that is important. There is little doubt that we can gain control of a cancer cell electrical process, at least to the point of wrecking cell mechanisms with what we know now.
Since the cells are interconnected with each other, it is believed that we will affect many cancerous cells simultaneously by insertion of carbon nanotubes into at least some of the cancer cells. 10,000 carbon nanotubes laying side by side would equal the diameter of a human head hair. They are sharp, as strong as steel, and have the conductivity of copper, the perfect electrode. The imulus receives the reprogrammed cellular communication signals and utilizes its pattern of carbon nanotubes as the entry vehicle into the cancer cell cluster or island. It is not known how many treatment applications will be needed to destroy all the cancer cells at a given site. The treatment application will be brief, allowing for re-application and treatment of adjacent cells.
The certain reason for why scientists have not studied cellular electricity is that there was no proper electronic equipment in existence until the 1990s that could possibly detect, record, and allow transmission of these ultra-low power very fast signals to properly study electrical aspects and their contribution to cellular processes. Since the cellular and biochemists were so invested in the concept of chemical reactions being the communication methodology for cells that they never approached electrical activity as a partner with chemistry to operate cell life. Electrochemical process abound within operating and fast reproducing cells. Likely even the simplest cell that takes up space or is part of the connective tissue, there has to be some sort of electrical process to maintain its metabolism and plasma membrane operations. We doubt there is any cell that does not have an electrical process working away, continuously.
Neurons have an electrical signaling process and a cellular electrical process Most other cells, such as cancer cells would only have an internal electrical operating process. It is possible that cancer cells are able to communicate to blood vessels to encourage them to extend and direct a new vascular connection to grow into a cluster of cancer cells to supply more oxygen and nutrition needed to match the pace of reproduction and need for nourishment.
Cellular systems are completely controlled and regulated with strict electrical signals that are duplicated or are similar to the natural electrical messages that have been in existent from the earliest beings of multicellular organisms. There are signals that require organs do their job and also signals that report to the nucleus of the involved cancer cells acting as a brain of sorts to provide status report as to how well functionality was happening. In fact, the cells that coordinate all of the organs simultaneously and confirm that body homeostasis (life equilibrium) was in good order.
The cell or cancer cell also has some sort of feed-back mechanism to insure that metabolism, cell transport of food through the plasma membrane, as well as the out-casting (excretion) of cellular waste along with reproduction, metastatic cell release, and propulsion of organelles within the cytoplasm could also be ordered up in accord with a sort of grand operational plan. The tumor thusly duplicates the mechanism of the relationship of all the structures and parts that make up a living human. The cell is the smallest example of life and co-ordinate many aspects of its tiny self just as a human functions by directing the symphonies of human life.
Cell Signaling and Cancer Cell Life Operations
A cell is the smallest unit of life. Groups of cells make up multi-cellular organisms. The human body is made up of some 100 trillion cells. Cells utilize electrical and chemical signaling in operating interior and exterior mechanisms depending on the composition of the cell. Some cells are operational and signal to the brain and receive signals from the brain to regulate muscles, gland, and vital organs. Other cells only take instructions from the brain while organs and glands confine their cells to dedicated processes concerning the maintenance of life. Certain nerves and their cells are dedicated to sensing internal body status or seek information from outside the body, all with electrically encoded signals. The electrical cellular signal pattern of a malignant as well as a non-malignant cell must be able to be detected, recorded, and it must be reprogrammable to access operational control of critical nucleus activity.
Cancer cells, operating as an organized tumor structure, do not conduct or exchange signaling processes with normal cells. They do, however, communicate with other cells within a given tumor. They focus on their own interior signaling and metabolism while communicating with adjacent cancer cells. Cancer cells do not participate in any operational functions within a human or animal body except among themselves. Cancer cells do not aid or do anything beneficial for a human body. They are selfish and only live to reproduce and steal nutriment and oxygen from the body in which they reside.
Cancer cells, as they form a malignant tumor, require more blood flow. To accomplish this, they have evolved a way to signal to nearby arterial blood supplies so as to order-up the formation of buds on the artery that ultimately extend into blood vessels that travel over to and pipeline into the tumor. With additional blood flow, the tumor continues to reproduce and extend its dominance over its primary site.
Examples of some processes that cells naturally perform via signals;
a. Cell reproduction
b. Encoding of proteins
c. Regulation of growth
d. Differentiation of the cell
e. Internal cell communication
f. External signaling to other cells
g. Excretion of chemicals
h. On or off control of secretions or excretions
i. Timing of operations for cellular organelles
j. Various levels of signaling within the nucleus
k. Signals between plasma membrane and nucleus
l. Operation of transport mechanisms in cell wall
Cell signaling is accomplished by a combination of electrical and chemical interactions. Different types of cells require a varied level of signaling qualities. The creation or generation of a given cell signal begins in the plasma membrane where raw material and chemical ions are taken in from the extracellular matrix to both generate electricity and establish the signal format. The plasma membrane is a sort-of cell wall and the area that takes in the required raw material via its ion channels. Ion channels open and close to allow passage into and from the cell interior. Electrical signals are likely generated in the plasma membrane before they are sent via the cytoskeleton, all about the cell to go and participate and contribute to cell operations.
The cytoskeleton also serves as a geodesic-style dome providing a framework to shape and support the cell. In addition, the cytoskeleton serves as the pathway by which cell signals generated in their plasma membrane travel within and around the cell to do its work. In addition, communication to adjacent cancer cells could happen through connections such as desmosomes, which are extensions that bridge and allow communication between adjacent cells of a tumor. These connections act also as a pathway for the neuro-signaling cancer treatment technology to destroy the tumor.
The small size of individual cancer cells requires a variety of microscopic electrodes to record the basic communication signals, which are initially generated in the plasma membrane and within each individual cellular nucleus electrical system. Transmitted treatment signals are spread throughout many cancer cells simultaneously. This represents the dawn of an entirely new treatment approach using only tiny encoded signals to destroy cancer quickly.
Normal and Cancerized Cells Operate Via Encoded Electrical Systems
The human body is made up of some 100 trillion cells. Cell theory simply states the cell is the fundamental organizational unit of life. Indeed, the cells of the human or animal body represents the smallest example of actual life. All cells have electrical and chemical capability. Cells take in raw material and create energy, make protein, and expel waste as well as perform some function for the body in which it lives. A rich neuro-electric encoded communication system abounds in the cells of all living bodies as a means of controlling and regulating all of the life processes and for maintaining homeostasis (life equilibrium).
Cancer cells for the most part begin life as normal cells. Although, cancerized cells can begin life already in the malignant state. However, in the process of cancerization remarkable alterations in the characteristics occur, including changes in the cell electrical communication signals. In a certain way we can say that a cancer cell starts life as an ordinary cell within which resides the mysterious seeds of defective genetics, which can be tricked into malignancy. This change causes the cell to turn into a malignant cell, which includes alterations to its operational destiny.
During this metaplasia into cancer, the cells modify their internal signaling process to meet their new destiny to rapidly reproduce more malignant cells. Whatever duty the cells had prior to their turning malignant is no longer of importance. Cancerized cells can reproduce themselves at speeds from 20 minutes to 20 hours, depending on the species.
Tumors can consist of millions or even billions of cells. So, if a million cells reproduce in 5 hours, that would result in some 2 million cells and so on as time passes. Cancers drain the oxygen and nutrients from nearby blood vessels with which to grow ever-larger tumors in the body as they go metastatic to various predictable places within the body. While cancerized cells can reproduce forever, normal healthy cells can seldom reproduce more than a total of 70 replications in their life span.
The only stimulus for tumor growth is the available blood and nutrition supply that they take in locally and those very tiny encoded signals that organize and control the operation of the tumor and its cellular members. Schuler and her team of scientists also established that there was only analog signals operating within animal and human bodies. There simply was no cells, cancer or healthy, operating in a digital mode within any living mammalian being.
Man-made electronics generally function in a digital mode. Special analog computers and medical treatment devices can be expected to appear in the marketplace
Injury of Cells, Neurons and their Axons
Injuring nerves and their cells as a result of stopping blood flow and/or the generation of neuro-electric signals will cause loss of function. Morphological evidence of cell death usually is not apparent for about 6 hours. Operationally, a neuron including its axon responds to the loss of flow of their neuro-electric signals for 8 to 15 minutes before further decay depending on how serious the injury is.
All living cells depend on their blood supply and their electrical process to maintain their life activity. With any extended switch-off time of the encoded signals involved with internal life processes of a cancer cell and its nucleus can play an important part in destroying or injuring an entire active malignant tumor.
Application of Neuro-Electric Signals to Destroy Cancer Cells
With the design and construction of a special hybrid scientific computer system, including the custom software, cancer cells are ready to be accessed and reprogrammed to destroy themselves. The cancer cells will be first recorded as to their internal communication signals and then such codes shall be modified to confound the cancer's cells metabolic and signaling processes. The anticipated results are that the nucleus shall detect the treatment signals and trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is expected that a cascade of Igniculus or Interclusio signals will be conducted via the cytoskeleton and desmosomes or other interconnections within a tumor to transmit the “death codes” throughout adjacent cancer cells, all of this designated to destroy the entire tumor.
It may be necessary that tumors can be killed in sections as it is not known yet how far the interclusio signals will penetrate during a single treatment. Depending on the mass of a living tumor, the extent and duration of application of the treatment signals will be estimated and planned. Effective treatments are expected to take about 10 minutes and will utilize only reprogrammed cancer death-codes to cause apoptosis (programmed cell death). No conventional radiation or chemotherapy is expected to be necessary. The treatment process is accomplished by transmitting the formatted electrical signal pattern through the plasma membrane wall into the cell interior. Ultimately, the electrical signal is directed into the nucleus interior itself to accomplish certain cancer cell death by karyorrhexis.
No medical scientist and inventor has as much practical knowledge and experience or creative intellectual property regarding cellular and nerve encoded systems as Eleanor Schuler. Schuler estimates that reprogramming and alteration of the internal electrical encoded cell signals will rapidly alarm the nucleus and release or trigger it's suicide apoptosis commands in a matter of minutes, once the reprogrammed cancer cell signals and calcium applications have been placed in the correct locations. Such signals are anticipated to travel into the tumor and transmit signals that collapse its cellular communication system with death-codes.
This technology is expected to become the definitive treatment for solid cancerous tumors in mammals.
The pending patents stand alone as the pioneering intellectual property in this very special field of neuro-signal encoded medicine. It is expected that the destruction of cancer by apoptosis will spawn a very large global neuro-electric medical industry. Such technology for causing cancer cells to commit suicide is expected to largely displace the chemotherapy industry that dominates present day cancer disease treatment.
Cancer Diseases are Found Across the World and Resist Standard Treatments
Of the maladies and ailments of mankind, nothing is more disappointing and terrifying than cancer. Treating malignant tumors has reached the proportions of a major $ Trillion world industry. Despite many levels of research and testing efforts using chemotherapy, ionizing radiation and surgical approaches against active cancer diseases continue to be disappointing as to any reliable, effective, or rapid cures.
Some Avenues for Destruction of Cancer Cells
Necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, stasis, macroautophagy, cell starvation, tumor reduction, shut-down of mitochondria production of ATP, consuming contents of cytoplasm, incipient starvation, blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis. Human bodies have complex daily cellular maintenance duties to dispose of some 50 million worn out cells every day. Average adult humans operate an ever-busy apoptosis and repair system. Key elements are briefed below.
Necrosis
Necrosis is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury. Necrosis death of cells can happen because of infection or fever that results in the premature death of cells in living tissue. Untreated necrosis results in a buildup of dead and decomposing cell debris in the region of actual cell death (e.g., a classic example is gangrene). Cells dying from necrosis don't follow the usual apoptosis transduction pathways.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is the original programmed cell death technology that helps repair and model the body beginning with birth and continuing on throughout life. Some 50 billion cells die every day due to apoptosis. For example, the lining of the digestive tract from the stomach lining on to the colon undergoes apoptosis every 3 to 5 days to replace the entire inner lining of the digestive tubular structures. Red blood cells are programmed to replace themselves every 90 days by undergoing killing by the spleen and the bone marrow manufacturing new blood cells and releasing them back into the blood vessels to do their work of carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
There are interesting and important methods to destroy cancer cells that produce one or more apoptosis events or tactics to gain control of the cellular electrical system. Regarding the key target of a living malignant cell is the nucleus.
The nucleus is the literal brain of operations for the cell. In a tumor, a million cells or more are slaved together to operate the cancer as if it was a kind-of special organ who's duty is to continue reproducing more malignant cells on into the future with no end in sight. The limiting element is the availability of enough blood and its associated nutrition to operate the signaling system.
Apoptosis is the principal process of programmed cell death. Technical events that appear during an apoptosis event include characteristic changes that include cell shrinkage, generating heat, hypoxic events, and an increase in calcium concentration, which causes snappy signaling in the nucleus that triggers and orchestrates the imminent apoptotic event.
Autophagy
Autophagy is from the Greek definition as “self-eating.” Inside a living cell's cytoplasm are organelles identified as autophagosomes that move around the cell to sweep up viruses, bacteria and worn out materials from the cell itself. The autophagosomes bag up or concentrates the cell sludge and worn out protein and other debris to be handled by recycling organelles that float in the cytoplasm. Some of the unusable waste is forced out of designated cell ion ports by pumping it through the plasma membrane into the extra-cellular fluid surrounding the cells. Since some neurons live as long as the body they have to use autophagy to maintain the quality of the overall cell health. Autophagy and mitochondrion can work together to cause apoptosis to trigger programmed cell death to rid the cell of unwanted cell component that can't be rehabilitated. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf, eat, digest, and then dispose of in league with the autophagy process in a well-established method to keep the overall cellular system in order.
Pyknosis
The irreversible concentration of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell involved in necrosis or apoptosis. This is followed by condensing its nucleus before expelling it to become a reticulocyte. The maturing neutrophil will be involved in forming blebs that stay in the cell until the end of its life. Blebs are distortion of the nucleus and the cancer cell shape. It is the formation of protrusion or pimple structures of what was previously symmetrical nucleus and overall cell shape. It is followed by fragmentation of the changing nucleus on its way to experiencing karyorrhexis. During bleb formation of the nucleus, a sort of pimple formation gives the nucleus an unhealthy appearance, which does not improve.
Karyorrhexis
Karyorrhexis is the ultimate bursting of the cellular nucleus into multiple pieces that cannot be repaired. The nucleus of a cell represents and is equivalent to the brain of any creature, once it is broken into pieces it is finished.
Karyorrhexis is an important cancer killing skill which is accomplished by fragmentation of the cancer cell nucleus into apoptotic bodies which are then engulfed and ingested by phagocyte(s). A phagocyte is a special cell that locates and surrounds broken cellular components and then eats them. There are fixed phagocytes that live in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen. Such phagocytes are represented by neutrophils and macrophages. Also, there are freely moving phagocytes such as leukocytes (white blood cells) that circulate in the blood stream to do their clean-up work. The job of the nucleus is to control all cellular operations and to participate in communication and coordination with nearby cells. If a nucleus is fragmented, it is like fragmenting the brain of a human or animal, life cannot go on with such as injury
High Speed, Hybrid Scientific Signal Processor to Destroy Cancer Tumor Cell Nuclei
A high-speed analog cancer cell unit can be utilized to record cancer cell operational electrical signals and to reprogram such signals before transmitting them back into the malignant cells to trigger apoptosis and karyorrhexis. Such a unit or system is discussed in more detail with respect to the FIG. 8, which illustrates a computer system 812 having at least a processor 820 and a memory 822. A cancer cell cluster or tumor is illustrated at 810 in FIG. 8. By means of an imulus or other probe, such as those shown in FIG. 9, the resident electrical signal or signals of the cancer are then provided to the computer system 812 for storing via memory 822 and processing via processor 820. Typically, the computer system 812 is digital, and in order to accept the electrical signals from the tumor 810, an analog to digital converter 814 can be used. If the computer system 812 employed includes an embedded analog to digital converter, the converter 814 can be omitted.
It is the computer system 812 in which all of the processing, analysis, and generation of confounding electrical signals occurs. In order to treat the tumor 810, the confounding electrical signals are applied directly to the tumor 810 via an imulus or probe after conversion to analog state by a digital to analog converter 816.
The technical approach is to initially develop a number of cancer cell resident electrical signals for different species of cancer and perfect reprogrammed confounding type signals. The user then sorts and reprograms the natural signals of the cancer cell and tinkers with the electrical signatures and coding to finally select appropriate treatment electrical signals, also known as confounding electrical signals. This is followed by devising a library/database of treatment signals. The collection of treatment signals may be cataloged as to the species of cancer and anatomical location. During treatment of a cancer, the first step is to identify the species of cancer and then select the proper confounding signal with which treatment will begin. Once the treatment team knows the species such as carcinoma or sarcoma, they select from the computerized library/database the most appropriate treatment signal. There are approximately about a total of 200 cancer species in existence. Ultimately the treatment library will be composed of at least as many definitive cancer confounding, interclusio, or mortifier signals. Carcinoma species is the most common cancer and likely represents something like 50% of all cancerous tumors arising throughout the body.
Once the cancer cell locations in a patient have been identified, the cancer cellular electrical activity has been recorded and analyzed, and an appropriate response has been determined, the medical staff can develop and initiate a treatment protocol. The protocol will follow established medical procedures with the main objective of applying the proper signals and appropriate electrical energy to the cancerous cells to cause apoptosis. The computer system 812 contains a low voltage and amperage power supply to ensure the correct voltage and amperage is delivered to the cancerous cells. The electrical energy delivered is less than 1 volt and less than 10 millionths of an amp for a pulsed application on the cancer over a few seconds. The treatment may be repeated. The range of electrical treatment may span upwards of 2 volts and 70 micro amps and as low as one-tenth of a volt or possibly even lower at 2 micro amps or even lower into the picoamp range.
The treatment time may extend, for example, up to 4 minutes or more and may be repeatable over days if required. The treatment signals in the form of an electrical signal will have a definable shape and be encoded to confound the natural electrical activity found in the cancer cell plasma membrane wall and within the very interior of the cell proper. With the use of the proper code to shut off cellular electricity, the result is apoptosis of the cancer. Cancer death can begin in less than an hour once its metabolic processes are shutdown. Cell death actually may occur in less than 10 minutes as a human brain cells do when blood circulation or electrical signals are turned off. Natural resuscitation of the cancer cell may be possible if the confounding electrical signal treatment is too brief or incomplete. Otherwise, irreversible biological decay will set in as long as the cellular process has been severely damaged by the treatment signals. The body immune system is expected to consume the dead or dying cancer as soon as the outer cell membrane negative electric charge is off or markedly diminished. It is the strong negative outer electrical charge of the cancer cell membrane glycocalyx that keeps the immune cells from attacking since they too are negatively charged and would be repelled from one another. Normal cells have outer coat charges that are usually positive and are therefore accessible to the negatively charged immune system cells.
Treatment can be accomplished, for example, with a small cable of total diameter no more than a wooden match stick. The imulus or treatment contact unit 918, as shown schematically in FIG. 9, can be implemented in the context of a small device, which in some embodiments may contain up to hundreds or thousands of carbon nanotubes 920. Such nanotubes may be hollow or partitioned. In addition, they may be coated with a metal deposition or chemical that interferes with the glycocalyx strong negative electrical charge. The carbon nanotubes equipped imulus 918 will appear under a microscope like a hairbrush. Each nano fiber tube is about one-ten-thousandths of a human hair in diameter. The imulus 918 can be used to both record and apply the treatment signal and may be of different sizes to fit the various cancer clusters. The physical approach to the cancer can be guided by fluoroscopy or other visualization apparatus or system to insure that the treatment is applied properly and completely and is directed at the correct target.
The imulus 918 can be positioned to make contact with the tumor as the primary junction between the computer system 812 and the malignant cellular tumor 810 which is to be treated. Some modified nano carbon tubes may also act like an antenna and only need to be in close proximity of the malignancy to send in the interclusio or impulses mortifier codes. Insertable links, implantable antennas, and contact pads or implacable treatment needles of carbon or metal can be in the arsenal of imulus attachments, among others. An alternative imulus 922 is also shown in FIG. 9 with a shape capable of piercing a cancer cell and/or cancer tumor or cluster of cancer cells.
It is preferred that analog computers are used that are as sensitive and able to record the cancer electrical signals as required. As analog computer developments advance they may be more suitable and be the system of choice in destroying cancer cell life. Otherwise the system as illustrated can utilize A-D and D-A converters 814, 816 interfaced with a digital processor in the computer system 812 using appropriate software to control confounding signals.
The main treatment quest can include locating all of the cancer islands and clusters for treatment. Signals to shut down the cancer must affect every malignant cell at a given site. Communication can travel through portions or layers of tumor cells, traveling from cell to cell. Therefore, moving the imulus around the tumor 810 may be necessary in some situations to make certain that every cellular communication system present within the malignancy is disabled or destroyed.
While the preferred signal handling system embodiment to destroy cancer cells is a full analog technology, the current state of computer systems may not be able to deliver such a scientific computer that would work at the extremely ultra-low voltages and at the speed required to capture and record the natural signals of cancers. Therefore, FIG. 8 outlines the requirements for a hybrid system to process cancer treatment codes. The system of the invention can utilize, for example, a hybrid analog/digital computerized system which requires at its entry an A-D converter 814 of high sensitivity to record the exclusively analog cellular signals of cancers. Secondly, the signal has to be transferred into a digital processor in the computer system 812 where it can be stored and reprogrammed to confound the natural cellular signals and control any power supply required.
The computer system 812 includes several components. First, it should have a typical laptop or desktop computer for control, data acquisition, programming, and application of treatment. In some embodiments, however, the computer system 812 may be a mobile device such as, for example, a tablet computing device or a smartphone or such similar hand held device. The computer system should in some situations allow for storage of ambient and environmental signals as well as potentially interfering biological noise so that the treatment or confounding electrical signals can be as pure as possible.
FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of the computer system 812, which can be utilized to execute programming for executing the methods, systems, and/or processor-readable media disclosed herein. Computer system 812 as shown in FIG. 10 can be implemented as a general computing device in the form of a computer 110, which may include a processing unit 820, memory 822, removable storage 112, and non-removable storage 114. Memory 822 may include, for example, volatile memory 106 and non-volatile memory 108. Computer 812 may include or have access to a computing environment that includes a variety of computer-readable media, such as volatile memory 106 and non-volatile memory 108, removable storage 112 and non-removable storage 114. Computer storage includes, for example, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of storing computer-readable instructions, as well as data, including video frames.
Computer 812 may include or have access to a computing environment that includes input 116, output 118, and a communication connection 120. The computer may operate in a networked environment using a communication connection to connect to one or more remote computers. The remote computer may include a personal computer (PC), server, router, network PC, a peer device or other common network node, or the like. The communication connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), or other networks. This functionality is described in more detail in FIG. 23.
Output 118 is most commonly provided as a computer monitor, but may include any computer output device. Output 118 allows a user to navigate through the virtual environment embodied by computer system 812. In addition, input 116, which commonly includes a computer keyboard and/or pointing device such as a computer mouse, allows a user to select and instruct computer system 812. A user interface can be provided using output 118 and input 116.
Processor-readable or computer-readable instructions, for example, program module 125 are stored on a computer-readable medium and are executable by the processing unit 820 of computer 812. Program module 125 may include an application. A hard drive, CD-ROM, RAM, Flash Memory, and a USB drive are just some examples of articles including a computer-readable medium.
FIG. 11 depicts a graphical representation of a network of data-processing systems 950 in which aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. Network data-processing system 950 is a network of computers in which embodiments may be implemented. Note that the system 950 can be implemented in the context of a software module such as program module 125. The system 950 includes a network 202 in communication with one or more clients 210, 212, and 214 one of which may be, for example, computer system 812 of FIG. 8. Network 202 is a medium that can be used to provide communications links between various devices and computers connected together within a networked data processing such as computer system 812. Network 202 may include connections, such as wired communication links, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables. That is, network 202 may be in some embodiments a wireless communications network (e.g., cellular, etc.), and one or more clients such as 210, 212, 214, etc., may be a hand held mobile communications device such as, for example, a smartphone, tablet computing device, etc. Network 202 can further communicate with one or more servers 204 and 206 and a memory storage unit, such as, for example, memory or database 208.
In the depicted example, server 204 and server 206 connect to network 202 along with storage unit 208. In addition, clients 210, 212, and 214 connect to network 202. These clients 210, 212, and 214 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers. Computer system 812 depicted in FIG. 8 can be, for example, a client such as client 210, 212, and/or 214. Alternatively, computer system 812 can be implemented as a server, such as servers 204 and/or 206, depending upon design considerations.
In the depicted example, server 204 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, applications, and application updates to clients 210, 212, and 214. Clients 210, 212, and 214 are clients to server 204 in this example. Network data-processing system 950 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown. Specifically, clients may connect to any member of a network of servers, which provide equivalent content.
In the depicted example, network data-processing system 950 is the Internet with network 202 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers consisting of thousands of commercial, government, educational, and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, network data-processing system 950 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks such as, for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN). FIG. 11 is intended as an example and not as an architectural limitation for different embodiments disclosed herein.
The aforementioned description has thus been presented with respect to preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention, which can be embodied in the context of a data-processing system such as computer system 812 in conjunction with program 125, data-processing system 950, and network 202 depicted in FIGS. 10 and 11. The disclosed embodiments, however, are not limited to any particular application or any particular environment. Instead, those skilled in the art will find that the systems, methods, and processor-readable media described herein may be advantageously applied to a variety of system and application software, including database management systems, word processors, and the like. Moreover, the systems, methods, and processor-readable media disclosed herein may be embodied on a variety of different platforms, including Macintosh, UNIX, LINUX, and the like. Therefore, the descriptions of the exemplary embodiments, which follow, are for purposes of illustration and not considered a limitation of the disclosed embodiments.
It will be understood that the circuits and other means supported by each block and combinations of blocks can be implemented by special purpose hardware, software, or firmware operating on special or general-purpose data processors, or combinations thereof. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the operations noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order.
The disclosed embodiments thus cover a rapid method to destroy living cancer cells and the tumors they create including metastatic off-spring of such tumor(s), regardless of their location within the human or animal body.
Computer generated analog treatment signal(s) which are aimed at the cellular nucleus are transmitted through the plasma membrane or its ion channel pathways. Signals would travel directly through the phospholipid bilayer and through the internal membrane surface so as to enter the cellular interior. The treatment signals may travel on the intermediate and/or microfilaments located in the cancer cellular interior to reach the nucleus.
The treatment signal(s) may reach and influence the nucleus as intended. Such signal(s) are expected to participate in causing apoptosis and karyorrhexis which leads to the fragmentation and destruction of such nucleus as an operating organelle of the cell. A fractured nucleus would lead to rapid death of the cell which will be unable to reproduce or communicate with its neighboring cells within the tumor proper.
As part of the cancer destruction process, calcium can be injected into the process with the nucleus and also to influence the energy source of the cell. That source is an organelle that floats around in the cytoplasm called a mitochondrion.
The calcium influences the operational pace of mitochondrion output by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in a resynthesizeng process as adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). ATP is a kind of bio-fuel for the cell in operation as a cellular fuel to free up chemical energy which is transferred from ATP to provide the chemical source required for anabolic reactions for cellular processes as it reverts itself back to ADP.
Based on the foregoing, it can be appreciated that a number of embodiments are disclosed herein, preferred and alternative. For example, in one embodiment, a method for destroying cancer cells can be implemented and can include, for example, the steps or logical operations of inserting calcium ions into a nucleus of at least one cancer cell among a plurality of cancer cells; and fragmenting the nucleus in many cancer cells among the plurality of cancer cells simultaneously with the transmission of destructive analog electrically encoded signals to provide a medical cancer treatment thereof. In another embodiment, a first target of medical cancer treatment is aimed principally into the nucleus and mitochondrion bodies of a malignancy associated with the at least one cancer cell.
In another embodiment, a step or logical operation can be implemented for simultaneously treating thousands or millions of nuclei and mitochondrion cells among the plurality of cancer cells with calcium and neuro encoded analog signals to cause rapid killing of a tumor associated with the malignancy and/or the plurality of cancer cells. In yet another embodiment, an encoded electrical signal burst can be utilized on each malignant solid tumor associated with the at least one cancer cell, regardless of it being within the body or on the surface of a patient thereof, as a part of the medical cancer treatment.
In still another embodiment, a step or logical operation can be implemented for injecting the calcium into, painting the calcium on, pasting the calcium on, and/or spraying the calcium onto a surface of the plurality of cancer cells operating within a tumor, so that the calcium boosts cellular resident operating signals associated with the plurality of cancer cells above their natural electrical excitability and/or metabolic pace throughout. In still another embodiment, emplacement of calcium C++ on both inside a tumor associated with the at least one cancer cell and on an outer plasma membrane of the at least one cancer cell can be conducted simultaneously. In yet another embodiment, a step or logical operation can be provided for over-wrapping a tumor associated with the at least one cancer cell among the plurality of cancer cells with a waterproof material if the tumor is situated in a location accessible to the over-wrapping. In still another embodiment, a step or logical operation can be provided for maintaining the waterproof material on the tumor for a particular period of time or such time as a physician deems appropriate.
In yet another embodiment, a step or logical operation can be provided for smothering a tumor associated with the at least one cancer cell from a calcium saturated wrap to deny access to extra cellular solute concentration around the at least one cancer cell or the tumor associated with the at least one cancer cell to inhibit a transport of solutes and ions and water to cause the at least one cancer cell to suffer osmotic shock causing swelling and either to burst or undergo apoptosis. In still another embodiment, a high-speed hybrid system such as system 800 shown in FIG. 8 can be employed to record from varying types of electrodes, signals associated with the at least one cancer cell to process the signals to produce the destructive analog electrically encoded signals. In another embodiment, one or more electrodes among the varying types of electrodes can be capable of piercing a plasma membrane associated with the at least one cancer cell. In yet another embodiment, at least one electrode among the varying types of electrodes can be provided as, for example, a pipette electrode or a patch-clamp hollow glass electrode with saline solution electrodes so as to enter calcium, potassium, or sodium ion ports of the at least one cancer cell to record the signals associated with the at least one cancer cell.
In another embodiment, a system for destroying cancer cells can be implemented. Such a system can include, for example, a processor and/or a memory; a device for inserting calcium ions into a nucleus of at least one cancer cell among a plurality of cancer cells; and wherein the nucleus is fragmented in many cancer cells among the plurality of cancer cells simultaneously with the transmission of destructive analog electrically encoded signals processed by the processor and/or retrieved from the memory to provide a medical cancer treatment thereof.
We now turn our attention to the rapid destruction of malignant tumors by excitotoxicity and osmotic-shock medical tactics.
Excitotoxicity Tactics Against a Solid Cancerous Tumor
The first step of this targeted cancer medical treatment presented can include an excitotoxicity tactic of wrapping the tumor with water saturated cloth covering(s). The second step is to seal the tumor containing a solute of calcium and neurotransmitter glutamate receptors. Then, the third step is to seal the tumor by wrapping the entire treated area with a sealed waterproof plastic and/or rubber coating to confine the reaction to only the tumor proper.
Such wrapped coating also tends to smother the tumor by denying access to the wet and ion-rich extra-cellular space which is usually in close contact with the cells of the tumor where it can absorb the raw material for operating the tumors cellular components.
By using saturated calcium C++ compounds wrapped around a cancer tumor isolates such malignancy for treatment without interfering with any other body part nor interfere with the natural operations of the human or animal body. The saturated cloth wraps may contain calcium C++ molecules and other chemical compounds selected by the treating physicians. The amount of wetness and number of cloths applied is determinant as the proper treatment. The wraps can be removable and be repeated by any required number of courses as determined by the medical staff, including the length of time for each course.
The closure and smothering of the tumor with a waterproof plastic, rubber, or some other plastic material or even a clam-shell device that isolates the tumor from other systems and body-part components or structures from the treatment so that tumor is to itself, as relates to killing the cancer. Treatment time may be in minutes, hours, or days as determined by the physician or oncologist who is applying the treatment system.
The tumor target can be located anywhere within the body or on the surface of the skin that the medical treatment team has access to. As many treatments can be repeated as deemed appropriate by the medical team. The important tactic is to isolate the tumor from every other part of the body, including sealing off of the blood vessels, wherever accessible and practical.
In addition, electric neuro-signal treatments as revealed in other patents of the inventor and may also be conducted at the same time or after the treatments as with the chemical methods described herein.
Another component of the treatment process is to utilize stimulation by a neurotransmitter such as glutamate in concert with a receptor are over-activated by NMDA and AMPA (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor along with kainic acid), which binds to these receptors and can trigger an over-active glutamatergic storm, which is related to killing of the tumor cells.
The purpose for triggering the glutamatergic storm as part of the destruction of the tumor is to launch an excitotoxicity event by allowing high levels of calcium ions to rush into the ion ports of the tumor cells at high levels of influx. Enzymes such as proteases, endonucleases, and phospholipases are part of the process to incite an excitotoxic storm. Such enzymes can damage the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane of the cancer cells along with the DNA in the nucleus.
When the high levels off, glutamate concentrates around the synaptic cleft cannot balance the calcium ions at the necessary lower levels which disables the operation of the cancer cells. Thusly the cancer is unable to deal with the overload of calcium nor can the cells store the extra calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum, which it would normally do. But the load of calcium is just too great for the cells to correct. The cancer cells being unable to rebalance their internal cell operations leave them no choice but to kill themselves by the process of using its on-board nuclear program for cell-suicide to trigger apoptosis.
Still another damaging part of the described treatment of excessive calcium in the tumor cellular cytosol is the opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. With an open pore, the mitochondria organelle can swell and expand itself and malfunction to the point of being unable to produce ATP which is the energy fuel for the cell. The obvious result of these events is also programmed-cell-death by apoptosis or even karyorrhexis. Karyorrhexis is the fragmentation of the nucleus of the cells affected which is fatal to those cells experiencing such event.
All of the cancer cells are linked together so they can communicate; protect the tumor family from the immune system; share the available nutrients and water; and be able to collectively locate in an area that has a rich availability of ionic and molecular food.
The tumor collectively is equipped with programmed messages for releasing cells to establish new metastatic colonies around the animal or human body or to even notify the cellular members of a given cancerous tumor that it is time to commit suicide. Besides releasing tumor cells to start new colonies, the tumor can send a message to a nearby artery to have it bud and then grow an internal new artery network internal to the tumor to serve as a blood source into the growing tumor. When the artery growth is complete, the internal lumen of the blood vessel is opened and blood allowed to flow. Because of the treatment described, the tumor is unable to engage in the building and expansion activities as described in this paragraph.
The results for damaging and killing the tumor by excitotoxicity will range from 10 to 20 minutes up to several hours as a result of the described treatments.
Osmotic-Shock
Osmotic-shock can be created as a treatment for relatively small groups of cells as found with a small isolated tumor such as breast cancer or a small cancer on the face or anywhere on the skin or scalp. However, osmotic-shock can tackle in-situ lung cancers or even pedunculated colon cancers and other circumscribed digestive tumors. Also, well-defined lung cancers and muscle tumors can be targeted with an osmotic-shock.
Creating an osmotic-shock event to destroy a definable tumor after “de-bulking” the tumor surgically could be undertaken by a medical team in one or more procedures so that the size of the tumor is reduced in size, early in the treatment phase.
Osmotic-shock treatments to kill cancers are launched as a result of a sudden change in the concentration of the ionic solutes around a body of malignant cells or a small tumor. To trigger osmotic-shock, there has to be a large quantity of small ions in what can be called the supernatant. The supernatant is the aqueous liquid behind the ionic precipitate solute. The solute is the quantity of ionic-bodies clinging around the outside of the plasma membrane of a cell or group of cells. Often intentionally lowering the ionic particles which are concentrated around a tumor can trigger the osmotic-shock as opposed to a high concentration of ionic solutes being present.
Ca++ ions can damage cancer cells if they enter the cell through the plasma membrane pores in significant and excessive numbers. Excessive entry of calcium into a cell might damage it or even cause it to under-go death by necrosis, apoptosis, or karyorrhexis. Calcium also can be a primary regulator or trigger to cause osmotic-shock.
Under high conditions of solutes outside the plasma membrane, orate drawn out of the cells through cellular osmosis. On the other hand, low concentration of salutes and ions outside the cell causes water to be pulled into the aquatic or aqueous-ionic channels or ports in large amounts, causing the cell to swell and to either burst or program-switch to enter an apoptosis and/or karyorrhexis phase. Either way, the cancer is killed and cannot metastasize or infect other areas of the body.
Thus, if water wet cloth wraps surround a tumor and only calcium C2++ along with other ionic particles or chemicals are available to be positioned to work inside of the sealed reactive environment. The tumor is shielded from and protected from the extra-cellular environment. The osmotic-shock events can be orchestrated by adjusting the reactive ingredients within the clam-shell very carefully by the medical team. The clam-shell tumor-jacket has gaskets or seals at every joint so that it is waterproof. The extra-tumor environment cannot interfere with the reactive chamber that has been created by the medical and surgical team to isolate the tumor from any exterior influence Nothing inside the reactive-chamber should make contact to any living body part or tissue of the patient. Drapes can be used to protect nearby living tissue from contact with any cancerous malignant tumor or tissue. Appropriate methods can be used to cut away the waterproof treatment jacket and retrieve it from the patient's body without any leakage of the treated tissue or waste treatment materials into the patient's body cavities. In addition, every element of the patient's body must be protected including any orifice or fold, muscle, vital organ, limb, eyes, nose, blood vessels, or nerves of said body.
The clam-shell or sealing jacket may be constructed from plastic, rubber, or any other sealant material. Rubber, plastic or synthetic chemical seals, caulking materials, squeezable-tubes with pre-manufactured sealing materials can all be used to create a waterproof reactive tumor chamber to encase the tumor for treatment. The clam-shell and gasket materials are all for one-time use only. Everything associated with encasing the tumor is disposable along with the dead-tumor by the surgical team. The disposable materials are to be treated as infective hospital waste.
The chemical reaction or neuro-electric hybrid computer system which are subject of other inventions by the inventor hereof may also be used. Barriers other than the fully closable clam-shell of any type may be deemed to be appropriate by the surgical medical team. Entry through the barrier wall should be done via grommets to retain the water/liquid integrity management. Such passage through any barrier may be for adding or suctioning electrolytic ions, chemicals, or water. Also, entry through any barrier wall have to be provided for the acceptance of optical scopes, illumination devices, forceps, scalpels, probes, and electrical leads to deliver neuro-coded signals.
The same technology can be used to kill benign or non-malignant tumors by the same technology used for living cancer tumors.
The reaction time for causing osmotic-shock reactions to severely damage or kill the tumor is 10 to 20 minutes to hours depending on the size and location of the malignancy.
Anatomical Areas of the Human or Animal Body Suitable for Treating Malignant Tumors
For example, treatment of lactation ductal carcinoma of the mammary gland which would likely be near the nipple could be approached by surgical approach with incisions that would allow the use of the clam-shell encroachment to incase the tumor. The processes as described in the patent would be followed and the method to cause apoptosis, excitotoxicity, or osmotic-shock reactions would be applied. After the tumor has been destroyed, the clam-shell and the tumor debris is removed. Accessible blood vessels feeding the tumor would be permanently closed off. Then, the breast incisions and access openings can be closed by appropriate sutures.
Performing a surgery of the thorax or abdomen to reach a cancer tumor is done using the conventional surgical access procedures, followed by: using the clam-shell mechanism to provide closure of the cancer proper and calcium, water management concerning homeostasis adjustment along with control of glutamate related receptors, including potentially taurine and thapsigargine to manage C++ efflux concentration.
Muscle and skin tumors require a straight forward access to provide the clam-shell system to apply the appropriate materials and chemicals to cause apoptosis, excitotoxicity, osmotic-shock, or karyorrhexis reactions.
The medical approach as can be appropriate for any areas of the animal or human body that cancer tumors are to be removed can use the methods and materials described herein.
The use of the hybrid scientific computer described in other issued patents of the inventor is also available to use in addition to the present invention herein described. Said neuro-electric invention records the intrinsic electrical signals found in cancer cells and then reprograms such signals. Re-transmitting such reprogrammed treatment signals can be applied anywhere in or on the human or animal body depending on the size and location of the tumor to be treated.
Methods and systems are thus disclosed for the rapid destruction of cancer tumor(s) which are made up of thousands to millions of living malignant cancer cells. This approach seeks to kill said tumor(s) by causing apoptosis or excitotoxicity and/or osmotic-shock within a human or animal for medical treatment.
Conventional targeted cancer therapies are drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in tumor growth and spreading or engaging in metastatic colonization throughout the body. The disclosed embodiments, on the other hand, can implement a technology that kills the living cancer cells directly and quickly leaving only dead cancer cells.
The disclosed embodiments can accomplish treatment during a time from, for example, 10 to 20 minutes up to multiple hours against a targeted cancer located in a human or animal. All malignant species are eligible for such treatment Eukaryote classification consists of cellular organisms whose individual cell contains a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. The dead tumors are removable from live patients, leaving no live cancer cells.
In some embodiments, a reaction chamber can then be used to enclose the tumor in a water-tight sealed non-metallic clam-shell or any other style of enclosure that the surgical team considers appropriate. Such a reaction chamber can be sealed during the cancer killing process.
The reactive materials used within the clam-shell or other style enclosures that destroys the malignant or benign tumor in a live patient can include saturated calcium C++ compounds. In addition, de-ionized and/or ionized waters, and glutamate transporters can be employed, which can accommodate excitotoxic reaction pathways. This includes the use of AMPA and/or AMPAR which are quisqualate receptors for glutamatergic chemicals along with kainic acid, if needed, to trigger an overactive glutamatergic storm. Destroying the malignant or non-malignant tumor cells may be accomplished within the clam-shell treatment chamber or by employing any other enclosure to confine the cancer death process, which will also render the clean-up of the destroyed tumor more confined.
Arterial blood vessels that are feeding the tumor and venous vessels that are scavenging blood from the tumor should be clamped during the medical procedure to prevent contamination of other body structures by the chemicals used in the clam-shell reaction chamber.
The treatment time for causing apoptosis, excitotoxicity, or osmotic-shock to cancer cells and/or malignant tumors is from 10 to 20 minutes up to many hours, depending on the size and location of the target tumor.
The procedure described can also be utilized to treat benign tumors such as uterine fibroid or muscle and limb tumors.
The cancer can also be attacked by recording its intrinsic cellular electrical pattern and then reprogramming said signals so as to shut down the operating signal system and causing the death of the cancer.
The methods and systems of shutting down the electrical signaling system can be transmitted throughout from one cell to its neighboring cells in a process of relaying the death codes, to electrically shut down the entire tumor.
It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A system for the rapid destructions of tumors, said system comprising:
a reaction chamber that encloses a tumor in a water-tight sealed non-metallic compartment, wherein said reaction chamber is sealed during a cancer killing process with respect to said tumor; and
at least one reactive material employed within said reaction chamber to destroy said tumor, wherein arterial blood vessels feeding said tumor are clamped during said medical procedure to prevent contamination of other body structures by said at least one reactive material used in said reaction chamber.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises saturated calcium C++ compounds.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises at least one of: de-ionized and/or ionized waters, and glutamate transporters that can accommodate excitotoxic reaction pathways.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises saturated calcium C++ compounds and at least one of: de-ionized and/or ionized waters, and glutamate transporters that can accommodate excitotoxic reaction pathways.

5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an electronic device for recording signals of an intrinsic cellular electrical pattern associated with said tumor and then reprogramming said signals to shut down an operation signal system associated with said tumor.

6. The system of claim 3 further comprising an electronic device for recording signals of an intrinsic cellular electrical pattern associated with said tumor and then reprogramming said signals to shut down an operation signal system associated with said tumor.

7. The system of claim 4 further comprising an electronic device for recording signals of an intrinsic cellular electrical pattern associated with said tumor and then reprogramming said signals to shut down an operation signal system associated with said tumor.

8. A system for the rapid destructions of tumors, said system comprising:
a reaction chamber that encloses a tumor in a water-tight sealed non-metallic compartment, wherein said reaction chamber is sealed during a medical procedure comprising a cancer killing process with respect to said tumor;
at least one reactive material employed within said reaction chamber to destroy said tumor, wherein arterial blood vessels feeding said tumor are damped during said medical procedure to prevent contamination of other body structures by said at least one reactive material used in said reaction chamber; and
an electronic device for recording signals of an intrinsic cellular electrical pattern associated with said tumor and then reprogramming said signals to shut down an operation signal system associated with said tumor.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said reaction chamber comprises a clam-shell shaped treatment chamber.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises de-ionized water.

11. The system of claim 8 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises ionized water.

12. The system of claim 8 wherein said at least one reactive material comprises glutamate transporters that accommodate excitotoxic reaction pathways.

13. The system of claim 10 wherein said at least one reactive material further comprises saturated calcium C++ compounds.

14. The system of claim 11 wherein said at least one reactive material further comprises saturated calcium C++ compounds.

15. The system of claim 12 wherein said at least one reactive material further comprises saturated calcium C++ compounds.