NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GERARDO VERGARA ALBANIL,

Petitioner,

v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney 

General,

Respondent.

No. 22-1316

Agency No.

A213-082-436

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted November 14, 2023**

Before: SILVERMAN, WARDLAW, and TALLMAN, Circuit Judges.

Gerardo Vergara Albanil, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for 

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal 

from an immigration judge’s decision denying his applications for cancellation of 

removal, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

NOV 21 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 22-1316

Torture (“CAT”). Our jurisdiction is governed by 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review de 

novo questions of law. Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 785, 791-92 (9th Cir. 

2005). We review for substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings. Conde 

Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241 (9th Cir. 2020). We dismiss in part and 

deny in part the petition for review.

 Vergara Albanil’s claim the agency violated due process by excluding the 

testimony of his wife and son fails for lack of prejudice where their affidavits 

submitted on appeal did not present additional favorable factors nor address 

petitioner’s adverse factors. See Colmenar v. INS, 210 F.3d 967, 971 (9th Cir. 

2000) (“prejudice . . . means that the outcome of the proceeding may have been 

affected by the alleged violation.”). 

Because Vergara Albanil does not otherwise raise a colorable legal or

constitutional claim, we lack jurisdiction to review the agency’s denial of

cancellation of removal. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B); Patel v. Garland, 142 S.

Ct. 1614, 1622-23 (2022) (where the agency denies a form of relief listed in 

8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i), federal courts have jurisdiction to review 

constitutional claims and questions of law, but not factual findings and

discretionary decisions).

We do not reach Vergara Albanil’s contentions regarding continuous 

physical presence, rehabilitation, or identity, because the BIA did not rely on these 
3 22-1316

grounds. See Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 992 (9th Cir. 2010) (“our 

review is limited to the grounds actually relied upon by the BIA”).

Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that Vergara 

Albanil failed to establish he was or would be persecuted on account of a protected 

ground. See Ayala v. Holder, 640 F.3d 1095, 1097 (9th Cir. 2011) (even if 

membership in a particular social group is established, an applicant must still show 

that “persecution was or will be on account of his membership in such group”);

Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (an applicant’s “desire to be 

free from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang 

members bears no nexus to a protected ground”). Thus, Vergara Albanil’s 

withholding of removal claim fails.

In light of this disposition, we need not reach Vergara Albanil’s remaining 

contentions regarding cognizability and membership in his proposed particular 

social group. See Simeonov v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 532, 538 (9th Cir. 2004) (courts 

and agencies are not required to decide issues unnecessary to the results they 

reach).

Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s denial of CAT protection 

because Vergara Albanil failed to show it is more likely than not he will be 

tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to 

Mexico. See Zheng v. Holder, 644 F.3d 829, 835-36 (9th Cir. 2011) (possibility of 
4 22-1316

torture too speculative).

The stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DISMISSED in part; DENIED in part.