# Patent

## Title
Vehicle height adjustment apparatus and vehicle height adjustment method

## Abstract

A vehicle height adjustment apparatus adjusts a vehicle height by changing a front distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of the front fork between a body of a vehicle and a front wheel of the vehicle, and by changing a rear distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of the rear suspension between the body of the vehicle and a rear wheel of the vehicle. In this apparatus, the posture of the vehicle body is not affected even when the vehicle height is adjusted (i.e., raised), providing the vehicle with further stability during driving.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-012309 filed on Jan. 27, 2014, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle height adjustment apparatus and a vehicle height adjustment method for adjustment of the vehicle height of a motorcycle.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, an apparatus is proposed which increases the vehicle height of a motorcycle while the motorcycle is travelling, and decreases the vehicle height in order for an occupant to easily get on and off the motorcycle at a stop.
For example, a vehicle height adjustment apparatus disclosed in JP-B-H08-22680 automatically changes the vehicle height of a motorcycle based on a vehicle speed. Specifically, the vehicle height adjustment apparatus automatically increases the vehicle height when the vehicle speed reaches a set speed, and automatically decreases the vehicle height when the vehicle speed is lower than or equal to the set speed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A mechanism is proposed which adjusts a vehicle height using front wheel relative position changing means that can change a relative position between a vehicle body and a front wheel of a vehicle, and rear wheel relative position changing means that can change a relative position between the vehicle body and a rear wheel. In the mechanism, it is desirable not to change a posture of the vehicle body for securing travelling stability even while the vehicle height is adjusted.
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle height adjustment apparatus and a vehicle height adjustment method in which a posture of a vehicle body can be prevented from being changed while the vehicle height is adjusted.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a vehicle height adjustment apparatus includes a front wheel-side change unit, that can change a front wheel relative position, which is a relative position between a vehicle body and a front wheel of a vehicle; a rear wheel-side change unit that can change a rear wheel relative position, which is a relative position between the vehicle body and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and a control unit that controls the front wheel-side change unit and the rear wheel-side change unit so as to change the front wheel and the rear wheel relative positions, and thus adjusts a vehicle height, which is a height of the vehicle body. The control unit increases the vehicle height while maintaining a ratio of a displacement of the front wheel relative position to a displacement of the rear wheel relative position within a predetermined range.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle height adjustment apparatus includes a front wheel-side change unit that can change a front wheel relative position, which is a relative position between a vehicle body and a front wheel of a vehicle; a rear wheel-side change unit that can change a rear wheel relative position, which is a relative position between the vehicle body and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and a control unit that controls the front wheel-side change unit and the rear wheel-side change unit so as to change the front wheel and the rear wheel relative positions, and thus adjusts a vehicle height, which is a height of the vehicle body. The control unit sets a front wheel target relative position and a rear wheel target relative position so as to obtain a target vehicle height when the vehicle height is increased to the target vehicle height. When a speed ratio of a front wheel ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed for a changing speed of the front wheel relative position, to a rear wheel ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed for a changing speed of the rear wheel relative position, is outside of a predetermined range, the control unit controls the front wheel-side change unit and the rear wheel-side change unit in such a manner that the speed ratio is within the predetermined range by correcting the front wheel target relative position or the rear wheel target relative position in such a manner that one larger ratio of the front and the rear wheel ratios coincides with the other smaller ratio.
Here, the speed ratio may be the ratio of the front wheel ratio to the rear wheel ratio. When the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range, the control unit may correct the front wheel target relative position, and when the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range, the control unit may correct the rear wheel target relative position.
In a vehicle height adjustment method according to still another aspect of the present invention, a front wheel relative position, which is a relative position between a vehicle body and a front wheel of a vehicle, and a rear wheel relative position, which is a relative position between the vehicle body and a rear wheel of the vehicle, are changed so as to adjust a vehicle height which is a height of the vehicle body. The vehicle height is increased while a ratio of a displacement of the front wheel relative position to a displacement of the rear wheel relative position is maintained within a predetermined range.
In a vehicle height adjustment method according to still another aspect of the present invention, a front wheel relative position, which is a relative position between a vehicle body and a front wheel of a vehicle, and a rear wheel relative position, which is a relative position between the vehicle body and a rear wheel of the vehicle are changed so as to adjust a vehicle height which is a height of the vehicle body. A front wheel target relative position and a rear wheel target relative position are set to obtain a target vehicle height when the vehicle height is increased to the target vehicle height. When a speed ratio of a front wheel ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed for a changing speed of the front wheel relative position, to a rear wheel ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed for a changing speed of the rear wheel relative position, is outside of a predetermined range, the speed ratio is adjusted to be within the predetermined range by correcting the front wheel target relative position or the rear wheel target relative position in such a manner that one larger ratio of the front and the rear wheel ratios coincides with the other smaller ratio.
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a posture of the vehicle body from changing while the vehicle height is adjusted.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of a motorcycle according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rear suspension.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are views describing an operation of a rear wheel liquid supply device.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are views describing adjustment of a vehicle height by a rear wheel relative position changing device.
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a mechanism in which the vehicle height is maintained.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a front fork.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are views describing an operation of a front wheel liquid supply device.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are views describing adjustment of the vehicle height by a front wheel relative position changing device.
FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a mechanism in which the vehicle height is maintained.
FIG. 10A is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of a front wheel electromagnetic valve, and FIG. 10B is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of a rear wheel electromagnetic valve.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a control device.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an electromagnetic valve controller.
FIG. 13 is an exterior appearance view of a vehicle height adjustment switch.
FIG. 14A is a graph illustrating a correlation between a vehicle speed and a front wheel target movement, and FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating a correlation between the vehicle speed and a rear wheel target movement.
FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating a reference relationship between a front wheel moving speed and a rear wheel moving speed.
FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C are graphs illustrating control states of the electromagnetic valve controller according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a sequence of opening control processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating a first embodiment of a sequence of front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are graphs illustrating control states of an electromagnetic valve controller according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 20 is a flow chart illustrating a second embodiment of a sequence of front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of a motorcycle 1 according to an embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the motorcycle 1 has a vehicle frame 11; a head pipe 12 that is attached to a front end portion of the vehicle frame 11; two front forks 13 that are provided in the head pipe 12; and a front wheel 14 that is attached to lower ends of the two front forks 13. The two front forks 13 are respectively disposed on right and left sides of the front wheel 14. FIG. 1 illustrates only the front fork 13 that is disposed on the right side. A specific configuration of the front fork 13 will be described later.
The motorcycle 1 has a handlebar 15 that is attached to upper portions of the front forks 13; a fuel tank 16 that is attached to a front upper portion of the vehicle frame 11; and an engine 17 and a transmission 18 which are disposed below the fuel tank 16.
The motorcycle 1 has a seat 19 that is attached to a rear upper portion of the vehicle frame 11; a swing arm 20 that is swingably attached to a lower portion of the vehicle frame 11; a rear wheel 21 that is attached to a rear end of the swing arm 20; and two rear suspensions 22 that are attached to between a rear portion (the rear wheel 21) of the swing arm 20 and a rear portion of the vehicle frame 11. The two rear suspensions 22 are respectively disposed on right and left sides of the rear wheel 21. FIG. 1 illustrates only the rear suspension 22 that is disposed on the right side. A specific configuration of the rear suspension 22 will be described later.
The motorcycle 1 has a head lamp 23 that is disposed in front of the head pipe 12; a front fender 24 that is attached to the front forks 13 so as to cover an upper portion of the front wheel 14; a tail lamp 25 that is disposed in the back of the seat 19; and a rear fender 26 that is attached below the tail lamp 25 so as to cover an upper portion of the rear wheel 21. The motorcycle 1 has a brake 27 for stopping the rotation of the front wheel 14.
The motorcycle 1 has a front wheel rotation detection sensor 31 that detects a rotation angle of the front wheel 14, and a rear wheel rotation detection sensor 32 that detects a rotation angle of the rear wheel 21.
The motorcycle 1 includes a control device 50 as an example of the control unit. The control device 50 controls a vehicle height, which is the height of the vehicle frame 11 as an example of the vehicle body of the motorcycle 1, by controlling the degree of opening of a front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 of the front fork 13 and the degree of opening of a rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 of the rear suspension 22. The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 will be described later. The control device 50 receives signals output from the front wheel rotation detection sensor 31, the rear wheel rotation detection sensor 32, and the like.
Subsequently, the rear suspension 22 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rear suspension 22.
The rear suspension 22 is attached to between the vehicle frame 11 and the rear wheel 21 of the motorcycle 1. The rear suspension 22 includes a rear wheel suspension spring 110 that supports the weight of the motorcycle 1, and absorbs an impact, and a rear wheel damper 120 that dampens vibration of the rear wheel suspension spring 110. The rear suspension 22 includes a rear wheel relative position changing device 140 that can change a rear wheel relative position indicating a relative position between the vehicle frame 11 and the rear wheel 21 by adjusting the spring force of the rear wheel suspension spring 110, and a rear wheel liquid supply device 160 that supplies liquid to the rear wheel relative position changing device 140. The rear suspension 22 includes a vehicle body side attachment member 184 through which the rear suspension 22 is attached to the vehicle frame 11; a vehicle axle-side attachment member 185 through which the rear suspension 22 is attached to the rear wheel 21; and a spring receiver 190 that is attached to the vehicle axle-side attachment member 185 so as to support one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 2) of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 in a centerline direction. The rear suspension 22 serves to change a relative position between the vehicle frame 11 and the rear wheel 21 as an example of the rear wheel-side change unit.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the rear wheel damper 120 includes a cylinder 125 having a thin-wall cylindrical outer cylinder 121; a thin-wall cylindrical inner cylinder 122 that is accommodated in the outer cylinder 121; a bottom cover 123 that blocks one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 2) of the cylindrical outer cylinder 121 in a centerline direction (in the vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the outer cylinder 121; and an upper cover 124 that blocks one end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 2) of the inner cylinder 122 in the centerline direction. Hereinafter, the centerline direction of the outer cylinder 121 is simply referred to as the “centerline direction”.
The rear wheel damper 120 includes a piston 126 that is inserted into the inner cylinder 122 so as to be movable in the centerline direction, and a piston rod 127 that extends in the centerline direction, and supports the piston 126 by one end portion (an upper end portion in FIG. 2) of the piston rod 127 in the centerline direction. The piston 126 is in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the inner cylinder 122, and divides a liquid (oil in the embodiment) sealed space in the cylinder 125 into a first oil chamber 131 and a second oil chamber 132. The first oil chamber 131 is positioned on one end side of the piston 126 in the centerline direction, and the second oil chamber 132 is positioned on the other end side of the piston 126 in the centerline direction. The piston rod 127 is a cylindrical member, and a pipe 161 to be described later is inserted into the piston rod 127.
The rear wheel damper 120 includes a first damping force generating apparatus 128 that is disposed in one end portion of the piston rod 127 in the centerline direction, and a second damping force generating apparatus 129 that is disposed in the other end portion of the inner cylinder 122 in the centerline direction. The first damping force generating apparatus 128 and the second damping force generating apparatus 129 dampen extensional and contractional vibration of the cylinder 125 and the piston rod 127, which is occurring when the rear wheel suspension spring 110 absorbs an impact force from a road surface. The first damping force generating apparatus 128 is disposed to function as a connection path between the first oil chamber 131 and the second oil chamber 132. The second damping force generating apparatus 129 is disposed to function as a connection path between the second oil chamber 132 and a jack chamber 142 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140, which will be described later.
The rear wheel liquid supply device 160 undergoes a pumping operation by an extensional and contractional movement of the piston rod 127 relative to the cylinder 125 so that the rear wheel liquid supply device 160 supplies liquid into the jack chamber 142 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140, which will be described later.
The rear wheel liquid supply device 160 has the cylindrical pipe 161 that is fixed to the cover 124 of the rear wheel damper 120 so as to extend in the centerline direction. The pipe 161 is coaxially inserted into a pump chamber 162 which is an inner portion of the cylindrical piston rod 127.
The rear wheel liquid supply device 160 has a discharge check valve 163 and a suction check valve 164. When the piston rod 127 moves to enter the cylinder 125 and the pipe 161, liquid in the pump chamber 162 is pressurized and discharged into the jack chamber 142, which will be described later, via the discharge check valve 163. When the piston rod 127 moves to retract from the cylinder 125 and the pipe 161, a pressure of the pump chamber 162 becomes negative, and liquid in the cylinder 125 is suctioned into the pump chamber 162 via the suction check valve 164.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are views describing an operation of the rear wheel liquid supply device 160.
When the rear suspension 22 receives a force caused by concave and convex road surfaces while the motorcycle 1 is travelling, the rear wheel liquid supply device 160 with the aforementioned configuration undergoes a pumping operation by an extensional and contractional movement in which the piston rod 127 enters and retracts from the cylinder 125 and the pipe 161. When the pump chamber 162 is pressured by the pumping operation, the discharge check valve 163 is opened by liquid in the pump chamber 162, and the liquid is discharged into the jack chamber 142 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140 (refer to FIG. 3A). When a pressure of the pump chamber 162 becomes negative by the pumping operation, the suction check valve 164 is opened by liquid in the second oil chamber 132 of the cylinder 125, and the liquid is suctioned into the pump chamber 162 (refer to FIG. 3B).
The rear wheel relative position changing device 140 has a support member 141 that is disposed to cover an outer circumference of the cylinder 125 of the rear wheel damper 120, and supports the other end portion (an upper portion in FIGS. 3A and 7B) of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 in the centerline direction. The rear wheel relative position changing device 140 also has a hydraulic jack 143 that is disposed to cover an outer circumference of one end portion (an upper portion in FIGS. 3A and 3B) of the cylinder 125 in the centerline direction, and forms the jack chamber 142 along with the support member 141. When the jack chamber 142 is filled with liquid from the cylinder 125, or when liquid is discharged from the jack chamber 142, the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction. The vehicle body side attachment member 184 is attached to an upper portion of the hydraulic jack 143, and the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction. Accordingly, the spring force of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 changes, thereby changing a position of the seat 19 relative to the rear wheel 21.
The rear wheel relative position changing device 140 has a rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 which is an electromagnetic valve (a solenoid valve) provided in a fluid flow path between the jack chamber 142 and a liquid reservoir chamber 143a formed in the hydraulic jack 143. When the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is closed, liquid supplied into the jack chamber 142 is reserved in the jack chamber 142. When the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is open, the liquid supplied into the jack chamber 142 is discharged into the liquid reservoir chamber 143a formed in the hydraulic jack 143. The rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 will be described in detail later. The liquid discharged into the liquid reservoir chamber 143a returns into the cylinder 125.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are views describing adjustment of a vehicle height by the rear wheel relative position changing device 140.
When the rear wheel liquid supply device 160 supplies liquid into the jack chamber 142 in a state in which the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is even a little closed from a fully open state, the jack chamber 142 is filled with the liquid, the support member 141 moves toward one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 4A) of the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction, and the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes shortened (refer to FIG. 4A). In contrast, when the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is fully open, the liquid in the jack chamber 142 is discharged into the liquid reservoir chamber 143a, the support member 141 moves toward the other end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 4B) of the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction, and the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes lengthened (refer to FIG. 4B).
When the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143, and thus the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes shortened, the spring force of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 to press the support member 141 increases further compared to when the support member 141 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 143. As a result, even when a force is exerted toward the rear wheel 21 from the vehicle frame 11, an initial set load changes, at which a relative position between the rear wheel 21 and the vehicle frame 11 does not change. At this time, when the same force is exerted from the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) toward one end portion (lower portions in FIGS. 4A and 4B) of the rear suspension 22 in the centerline direction, the amount of compression (a change in distance between the vehicle body side attachment member 184 and the vehicle axle-side attachment member 185) of the rear suspension 22 decreases. When the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143, and thus the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes shortened, the height of the seat 19 is increased (the vehicle height is increased) further compared to when the support member 141 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 143. That is, the degree of opening of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 decreases, and thus the vehicle height is increased.
In contrast, when the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143, and thus the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes lengthened, the spring force of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 to press the support member 141 decreases further compared to when the support member 141 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 143. At this time, when the same force is exerted from the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) toward one end portion (the lower portions in FIGS. 4A and 4B) of the rear suspension 22 in the centerline direction, the amount of compression (a change in distance between the vehicle body side attachment member 184 and the vehicle axle-side attachment member 185) of the rear suspension 22 increases. When the support member 141 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 143, and thus the spring length of the rear wheel suspension spring 110 becomes lengthened, the height of the seat 19 decreases (the vehicle height decreases) further compared to when the support member 141 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 143. That is, as the degree of opening of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 increases, the vehicle height decreases.
The degree of opening of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is controlled by the control device 50.
When the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is open, liquid supplied into the jack chamber 142 may be discharged into the first oil chamber 131 and/or the second oil chamber 132 of the cylinder 125.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, a return path 121a is provided in the outer cylinder 121 of the cylinder 125. When the support member 141 moves to a predetermined limit position toward one end portion (the lower portion in FIG. 2) of the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction, liquid in the jack chamber 142 returns into the cylinder 125 via the return path 121a. 
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a mechanism in which the vehicle height is maintained.
When the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is fully closed, and liquid is continuously supplied into the jack chamber 142, the supplied liquid returns into the cylinder 125 via the return path 121a. Accordingly, the position of the support member 141 is maintained relative to the hydraulic jack 143, and the height of the seat 19 (the vehicle height) is maintained.
Hereinafter, when the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is fully open, and the amount of movement of the support member 141 relative to the hydraulic jack 143 is the minimum (zero), the state of the rear suspension 22 is referred to as a minimum state. When the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is fully closed, and the amount of movement of the support member 141 relative to the hydraulic jack 143 is the maximum, the state of the rear suspension 22 is referred to as a maximum state.
The rear suspension 22 has a rear wheel relative position detection unit 195 (refer to FIG. 11). The rear wheel relative position detection unit 195 can detect the amount of movement of the support member 141 relative to the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction, or in other words, the amount of movement of the support member 141 relative to the vehicle body side attachment member 184 in the centerline direction. Specifically, coils are wound around an outer circumferential surface of the support member 141, and the hydraulic jack 143 is formed of a magnetic body. The rear wheel relative position detection unit 195 can detect the amount of movement of the support member 141 based on impedance of the coils, which changes according to the movement of the support member 141 relative to the hydraulic jack 143 in the centerline direction.
Subsequently, the front fork 13 will be described in detail.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the front fork 13.
The front fork 13 is attached to between the vehicle frame 11 and the front wheel 14. The front fork 13 includes a front wheel suspension spring 210 that supports the weight of the motorcycle 1, and absorbs an impact, and a front wheel damper 220 that dampens vibration of the front wheel suspension spring 210. The front fork 13 includes a front wheel relative position changing device 240 that can change a front wheel relative position indicating a relative position between the vehicle frame 11 and the front wheel 14 by adjusting the spring force of the front wheel suspension spring 210, and a front wheel liquid supply device 260 that supplies liquid to the front wheel relative position changing device 240. The front fork 13 includes a vehicle axle-side attachment member 285 through which the front fork 13 is attached to the front wheel 14; a head pipe-side attachment member (not illustrated) through which the front fork 13 is attached to the head pipe 12. The front fork 13 serves to change a relative position between the vehicle frame 11 and the front wheel 14 as example of the front wheel-side change unit.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, the front wheel damper 220 includes a cylinder 225 having a thin-wall cylindrical outer cylinder 221; a thin-wall cylindrical inner cylinder 222, one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 6) of which is inserted into the cylindrical outer cylinder 221 via one end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 6) of the outer cylinder 221 in a centerline direction (in the vertical direction in FIG. 6); a bottom cover 223 that blocks the other end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 6) of the outer cylinder 221 in the centerline direction; and an upper cover 224 that blocks the other end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 6) of the inner cylinder 222 in the centerline direction. The inner cylinder 222 is slidably inserted into the outer cylinder 221.
The front wheel damper 220 includes a piston rod 227 that is attached to the bottom cover 223 so as to extend in the centerline direction. The piston rod 227 has a cylindrical portion 227a that extends in the centerline direction, and a disc-shaped flange portion 227b that is provided in one end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 6) of the cylindrical portion 227a in the centerline direction.
The front wheel damper 220 is fixed to one end portion (the lower portion in FIG. 6) of the inner cylinder 222 in the centerline direction, and includes a piston 226 that is slidable relative to an outer circumference of the cylindrical portion 227a of the piston rod 227. The piston 226 is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion 227a of the piston rod 227, and divides a liquid (oil in the embodiment) sealed space in the cylinder 225 into a first oil chamber 231 and a second oil chamber 232. The first oil chamber 231 is positioned on one end side of the piston 226 in the centerline direction, and the second oil chamber 232 is positioned on the other end side of the piston 226 in the centerline direction.
The front wheel damper 220 includes a cover member 230 that is provided above the piston rod 227 so as to cover an aperture of the cylindrical portion 227a of the piston rod 227. The cover member 230 supports one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 6) of the front wheel suspension spring 210 in the centerline direction. The front wheel damper 220 has an oil reservoir chamber 233 including a space that is formed in the inner cylinder 222 on one end side of the cover member 230 in the centerline direction, and a space that is formed in the cylindrical portion 227a of the piston rod 227. The oil reservoir chamber 233 communicates with the first oil chamber 231 and the second oil chamber 232 all the time.
The front wheel damper 220 includes a first dampening force generation portion 228 that is provided in the piston 226, and a second dampening force generation portion 229 that is formed in the piston rod 227. The first dampening force generation portion 228 and the second dampening force generation portion 229 dampen extensional and contractional vibration of the inner cylinder 222 and the piston rod 227, which is occurring when the front wheel suspension spring 210 absorbs an impact force from a road surface. The first dampening force generation portion 228 is disposed to function as a connection path between the first oil chamber 231 and the second oil chamber 232. The second dampening force generation portion 229 is formed to function as a connection path between the first oil chamber 231, the second oil chamber 232 and the oil reservoir chamber 233.
The front wheel liquid supply device 260 undergoes a pumping operation by an extensional and contractional movement of the piston rod 227 relative to the inner cylinder 222 so that the front wheel liquid supply device 260 supplies liquid into a jack chamber 242 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240, which will be described later.
The front wheel liquid supply device 260 has a cylindrical pipe 261 that is fixed to the cover member 230 of the front wheel damper 220 so as to extend in the centerline direction. The pipe 261 is coaxially inserted into a pump chamber 262 which is an inner portion of a lower cylindrical portion 241a of a support member 241 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240, which will be described later.
The front wheel liquid supply device 260 has a discharge check valve 263 and a suction check valve 264. When the piston rod 227 moves to enter the inner cylinder 222, liquid in the pump chamber 262 is pressurized and discharged into the jack chamber 242, which will be described later, via the discharge check valve 263. When the piston rod 227 moves to retract from the inner cylinder 222, a pressure of the pump chamber 262 becomes negative, and liquid in the oil reservoir chamber 233 is suctioned into the pump chamber 262 via the suction check valve 264.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are views describing an operation of the front wheel liquid supply device 260.
When the front fork 13 receives a force caused by concave and convex road surfaces while the motorcycle 1 is travelling, and thus the piston rod 227 enters and retracts from the inner cylinder 222, the pipe 261 enters and retracts from the support member 241 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240. Accordingly, the front wheel liquid supply device 260 with the aforementioned configuration undergoes a pumping operation. When the pump chamber 262 is pressured by the pumping operation, the discharge check valve 263 is opened by liquid in the pump chamber 262, and the liquid is discharged into the jack chamber 242 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240 (refer to FIG. 7A). When a pressure of the pump chamber 262 becomes negative by the pumping operation, the suction check valve 264 is opened by liquid in the oil reservoir chamber 233, and the liquid is suctioned into the pump chamber 262 (refer to FIG. 7B).
The front wheel relative position changing device 240 includes the support member 241 that is disposed in the inner cylinder 222 of the front wheel damper 220, and supports the other end portion (an upper portion in FIGS. 7A and 7B) of the front wheel suspension spring 210 in the centerline direction via a disc-shaped spring receiver 244. The support member 241 has the cylindrical lower cylindrical portion 241a formed in one end portion (a lower portion in FIGS. 7A and 7B) of the support member 241 in the centerline direction, and a cylindrical upper cylindrical portion 241b formed in the other end portion (an upper portion in FIGS. 7A and 7B) of the support member 241 in the centerline direction. The pipe 261 is inserted into the lower cylindrical portion 241a. 
The front wheel relative position changing device 240 has a hydraulic jack 243 that is fitted into the upper cylindrical portion 241b of the support member 241, and forms the jack chamber 242 along with the support member 241. When the jack chamber 242 is filled with liquid from the cylinder 225, or when liquid is discharged from the jack chamber 242, the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction. The head pipe-side attachment member (not illustrated) is attached to an upper portion of the hydraulic jack 243, and the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction. Accordingly, the spring force of the front wheel suspension spring 210 changes, thereby changing a position of the seat 19 (the vehicle frame 11) relative to the front wheel 14.
The front wheel relative position changing device 240 has a front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 which is an electromagnetic valve (a solenoid valve) provided in a fluid flow path between the jack chamber 242 and the oil reservoir chamber 233. When the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is closed, liquid supplied into the jack chamber 242 is reserved in the jack chamber 242. When the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is open, the liquid supplied into the jack chamber 242 is discharged into the oil reservoir chamber 233. The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 will be described in detail later.
FIGS. 8A and 8B, are views describing adjustment of the vehicle height by the front wheel relative position changing device 240.
When the front wheel liquid supply device 260 supplies liquid into the jack chamber 242 in a state in which the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is even a little closed from a fully open state, the jack chamber 242 is filled with the liquid, the support member 241 moves toward one end portion (a lower portion in FIG. 8A) of the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction, and the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes shortened (refer to FIG. 8A). In contrast, when the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is fully open, the liquid in the jack chamber 242 is discharged into the oil reservoir chamber 233, the support member 241 moves toward the other end portion (an upper portion in FIG. 8B) of the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction, and the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes lengthened (refer to FIG. 8B).
When the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243, and thus the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes shortened, the spring force of the front wheel suspension spring 210 to press the support member 241 increases further compared to when the support member 241 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 243. As a result, even when a force is exerted toward the front wheel 14 from the vehicle frame 11, an initial set load changes, at which a relative position between the front wheel 14 and the vehicle frame 11 does not change. At this time, when the same force is exerted from the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) toward one end portion (lower portions in FIGS. 8A and 8B) of the front fork 13 in the centerline direction, the amount of compression (a change in distance between the head pipe-side attachment member (not illustrated) and the vehicle axle-side attachment member 285) of the front fork 13 decreases. When the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243, and thus the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes shortened, the height of the seat 19 is increased (the vehicle height is increased) further compared to when the support member 241 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 243. That is, the degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 decreases, and thus the vehicle height is increased.
In contrast, when the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243, and thus the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes lengthened, the spring force of the front wheel suspension spring 210 to press the support member 241 decreases further compared to when the support member 241 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 243. At this time, when the same force is exerted from the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) toward one end portion (the lower portions in FIGS. 8A and 8B) of the front fork 13 in the centerline direction, the amount of compression (a change in distance between the head pipe-side attachment member (not illustrated) and the vehicle axle-side attachment member 285) of the front fork 13 increases. When the support member 241 moves relative to the hydraulic jack 243, and thus the spring length of the front wheel suspension spring 210 becomes lengthened, the height of the seat 19 decreases (the vehicle height decreases) further compared to when the support member 241 does not move relative to the hydraulic jack 243. That is, the vehicle height decreases to the extent that the degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 increases.
The degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is controlled by the control device 50.
When the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is open, liquid supplied into the jack chamber 242 may be discharged into the first oil chamber 231 and/or the second oil chamber 232.
FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a mechanism in which the vehicle height is maintained.
As illustrated in FIG. 9, a return path (not illustrated) is provided in an outer circumferential surface of the hydraulic jack 243. When the support member 241 moves to a predetermined limit position toward one end portion (the lower portions in FIGS. 8A and 8B) of the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction, liquid in the jack chamber 242 returns into the oil reservoir chamber 233 via the return path.
When the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is closed, and liquid is continuously supplied into the jack chamber 242, the supplied liquid returns into the oil reservoir chamber 233 via the return path. Accordingly, the position of the support member 241 is maintained relative to the hydraulic jack 243, or the height of the seat 19 (the vehicle height) is maintained.
Hereinafter, when the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is fully open, and the amount of movement of the support member 241 relative to the hydraulic jack 243 is the minimum (zero), the state of the front fork 13 is referred to as a minimum state. When the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is fully closed, and the amount of movement of the support member 241 relative to the hydraulic jack 243 is the maximum, the state of the front fork 13 is referred to as a maximum state.
The front fork 13 has a front wheel relative position detection unit 295 (refer to FIG. 11). The front wheel relative position detection unit 295 can detect the amount of movement of the support member 241 relative to the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction, or in other words, the amount of movement of the support member 241 relative to the head pipe-side attachment member in the centerline direction. Specifically, coils are wound around an outer circumferential surface in a radial direction of the inner cylinder 222 at a position which corresponds to the support member 241 in the centerline direction, and the support member 241 is formed of a magnetic body. The front wheel relative position detection unit 295 can detect the amount of movement of the support member 241 based on impedance of the coils, which changes according to the movement of the support member 241 relative to the hydraulic jack 243 in the centerline direction.
Subsequently, schematic configurations of the electromagnetic valves will be described: the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240, and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140.
FIG. 10A is a view illustrating the schematic configuration of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270, and FIG. 10B is a view illustrating the schematic configuration of a rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170.
The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is a so-called normally open electromagnetic valve. As illustrated in FIG. 10A, the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 includes a bobbin 272 around which a coil 271 is wound; a bar-shaped stator core 273 that is fixed to a hollow portion 272a of the bobbin 272; a holder 274 that supports the coil 271, the bobbin 272, and the stator core 273; and a substantially disc-shaped moving core 275 that is disposed to correspond to a tip (an end surface) of the stator core 273, and is drawn toward the stator core 273. The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 includes a valve body 276 which is fixed to the center of the tip of the moving core 275; a body 277 which is assembled with the holder 274; a valve chamber 278 which is formed in the body 277, and in which the valve body 276 is disposed; a cover member 279 which covers an aperture portion formed in the body 277, and forms the valve chamber 278 along with the body 277; and a coil spring 280 which is disposed between the valve body 276 and the cover member 279. The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 includes a valve seat 281 which is formed in the body 277, and is disposed in the valve chamber 278 so as to correspond to the valve body 276; an introduction flow path 282 which is formed in the body 277, and through which liquid is introduced into the valve chamber 278 from the jack chamber 242 (refer to FIG. 9); and an output flow path 283 which is formed in the body 277, and through which liquid is output into the oil reservoir chamber 233 from the valve chamber 278 via the valve seat 281.
The rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is a so-called normally open electromagnetic valve. As illustrated in FIG. 10B, the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 includes a bobbin 172 around which a coil 171 is wound; a bar-shaped stator core 173 that is fixed to a hollow portion 172a of the bobbin 172; a holder 174 that supports the coil 171, the bobbin 172, and the stator core 173; and a substantially disc-shaped moving core 175 that is disposed to correspond to a tip (an end surface) of the stator core 173, and is drawn toward the stator core 173. The rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 includes a valve body 176 which is fixed to the center of the tip of the moving core 175; a body 177 which is assembled with the holder 174; a valve chamber 178 which is formed in the body 177, and in which the valve body 176 is disposed; a cover member 179 which covers an aperture portion formed in the body 177, and forms the valve chamber 178 along with the body 177; and a coil spring 180 which is disposed between the valve body 176 and the cover member 179. The rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 includes a valve seat 181 which is formed in the body 177, and is disposed in the valve chamber 178 so as to correspond to the valve body 176; an introduction flow path 182 which is formed in the body 177, and through which liquid is introduced into the valve chamber 178 from the jack chamber 142 (refer to FIG. 5); and an output flow path 183 which is formed in the body 177, and through which liquid is output into the liquid reservoir chamber 143a from the valve chamber 178 via the valve seat 181.
In the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 with the aforementioned configuration, when the coils 271 and 171 are not energized, the moving cores 275 and 175 are respectively biased toward the bottom in FIGS. 10A and 10B by the coil springs 280 and 180, and thus the valve bodies 276 and 176 are not in contact with the valve seats 281 and 181, respectively. The valve bodies 276 and 176 are respectively fixed to the tips (the end surfaces) of the moving cores 275 and 175. For this reason, the introduction flow paths 282 and 182 communicate with the output flow paths 283 and 183, respectively, and the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 are open. In contrast, in the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170, when the coils 271 and 171 are energized and thus magnetized, the moving cores 275 and 175 are respectively displaced based on balance between an induction force of the stator core 273 and a bias force of the coil spring 280, and balance between an induction force of the stator core 173 and a bias force of the coil spring 180. The front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 adjust positions of the valve bodies 276 and 176 relative to the valve seats 281 and 181, respectively. That is, the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 adjust the degree of opening of the valves, respectively. The degree of opening of the valves is respectively adjusted by changes in electric power (current and voltage) supplied to the coils 271 and 171.
Subsequently, the control device 50 will be described.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a control device 50.
The control device 50 includes a CPU; a ROM that stores a program, which is executed by the CPU, various data and the like; and a RAM that is used as a CPU's working memory and the like. The control device 50 receives signals output from the front wheel rotation detection sensor 31; the rear wheel rotation detection sensor 32; the front wheel relative position detection unit 295; the rear wheel relative position detection unit 195; and the like.
The control device 50 includes a front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51 and a rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52. The front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51 calculates a rotation speed of the front wheel 14 based on a signal output from the front wheel rotation detection sensor 31. The rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52 calculates a rotation speed of the rear wheel 21 based on a signal output from the rear wheel rotation detection sensor 32. The front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51 and the rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52 acquire rotation angles of the front wheel 14 and the rear wheel 21 respectively based on pulse signals which are the signals output from the sensors, and then calculate rotation speeds by differentiating the acquired rotation angles over elapsed times.
The control device 50 includes a front wheel movement acquisition unit 53 that acquires a front wheel movement Lf based on a signal output from the front wheel relative position detection unit 295. The front wheel movement Lf is the amount of movement of the support member 241 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240 (refer to FIGS. 8A and 8B) relative to the hydraulic jack 243. The control device 50 includes a rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54 that acquires a rear wheel movement Lr based on a signal output from the rear wheel relative position detection unit 195. The rear wheel movement Lr is the amount of movement of the support member 141 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140 relative to the hydraulic jack 143. The front wheel movement acquisition unit 53 and the rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54 acquire the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr respectively based on respective correlations between the impedance of each coil, which is stored in the ROM in advance, and the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr.
The control device 50 includes a vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 that acquires a vehicle speed Vc, which is a moving speed of the motorcycle 1, based on the rotation speed of the front wheel 14 calculated by the front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51 and/or the rotation speed of the rear wheel 21 calculated by the rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52. The vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 acquires the vehicle speed Vc by calculating a moving speed of the front wheel 14 or a moving speed of the rear wheel 21 based on a front wheel rotation speed Rf or a rear wheel rotation speed Rr. The moving speed of the front wheel 14 can be calculated based on the front wheel rotation speed Rf and the outer diameter of a tire of the front wheel 14. The moving speed of the rear wheel 21 can be calculated based on the rear wheel rotation speed Rr and the outer diameter of a tire of the rear wheel 21. When the motorcycle 1 is normally travelling, it is possible to comprehend that the vehicle speed Vc is equal to the moving speed of the front wheel 14 or the moving speed of the rear wheel 21. The vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 may acquire the vehicle speed Vc by calculating an average moving speed of the front wheel 14 and the rear wheel 21 based on an average value of the front wheel rotation speed Rf and the rear wheel rotation speed Rr.
The control device 50 has an electromagnetic valve controller 57 that controls the degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240 and the degree of opening of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140 based on the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56. The electromagnetic valve controller 57 will be described in detail later.
The CPU executes software stored in a storage area such as the ROM so as to realize the front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51, the rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52, the front wheel movement acquisition unit 53, the rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54, the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56, and the electromagnetic valve controller 57.
Subsequently, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50 will be described in detail.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the electromagnetic valve controller 57.
The electromagnetic valve controller 57 has a target movement determination unit 570. The target movement determination unit 570 has a front wheel target movement determination unit 571 that determines a front wheel target movement, which is a target movement of the front wheel movement Lf, and a rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 that determines a rear wheel target movement, which is a target movement of the rear wheel movement Lr. The electromagnetic valve controller 57 has a target current determination unit 510 that determines a target current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240, and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140, and a controller 520 that performs a feedback control based on the target current determined by the target current determination unit 510.
The target movement determination unit 570 determines a target movement based on the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 and a operation position of a vehicle height adjustment switch 34 provided on the motorcycle 1.
FIG. 13 is an exterior appearance view of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34.
As illustrated in FIG. 13, the vehicle height adjustment switch 34 is a so-called dial type switch. A user can select a “low” position, a “medium” position, or a “high” position by rotating a knob of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. For example, the vehicle height adjustment switch 34 is provided in the vicinity of a speedometer.
FIG. 14A is a graph illustrating a correlation between the vehicle speed Vc and the front wheel target movement, and FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating a correlation between the vehicle speed Vc and the rear wheel target movement.
When the motorcycle 1 begins to travel, and the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 is lower than a predetermined increasing vehicle speed Vu, the target movement determination unit 570 sets the target movement to zero. When the vehicle speed Vc increases from a vehicle speed lower than the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, the target movement determination unit 570 sets the target movement to a value that is determined in advance based on an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. More specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 14A, when the vehicle speed Vc increases from a vehicle speed lower than the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 sets the front wheel target movement to a predetermined front wheel target movement Lf0 that is determined in advance based on an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. As illustrated in FIG. 14B, when the vehicle speed Vc increases from a vehicle speed lower than the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 sets the rear wheel target movement to a predetermined rear wheel target movement Lr0 that is determined in advance based on an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. Thereafter, while the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 is higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 set the front target movement and the rear wheel target movement to the predetermined front wheel target movement Lf0 and the predetermined rear wheel target movement Lr0, respectively. The ROM stores in advance a correlation between an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34 and the predetermined front wheel target movement Lf0 determined based on the operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34, and a correlation between an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34 and the predetermined rear wheel target movement Lr0 determined based on the operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. Since the vehicle height of the motorcycle 1 is determined based on the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr, a target vehicle height can be determined based on an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34. The target vehicle height is a target value of the vehicle height of the motorcycle 1. The predetermined front wheel target movement Lf0 and the predetermined rear wheel target movement Lr0 can be determined based on the target vehicle height in advance. The predetermined front wheel target movement Lf0 and the predetermined rear wheel target movement Lr0 can be stored in the ROM.
In contrast, when the travelling speed of the motorcycle 1 decreases from a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed lower than or equal to a predetermined decreasing vehicle speed Vd, the target movement determination unit 570 sets the target movement to zero. That is, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 set the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement to zero, respectively. The increasing vehicle speed Vu and the decreasing vehicle speed Vd are stored in the ROM in advance. It is possible to illustrate 10 km/h and 8 km/h for the increasing vehicle speed Vu and the decreasing vehicle speed Vd, respectively.
Even in a case in which the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 is higher than the decreasing vehicle speed Vd, when the motorcycle 1 decelerates rapidly due to the application of a sudden brake and the like, the target movement determination unit 570 sets the target movement to zero. That is, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 set the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement to zero, respectively. The fact that the motorcycle 1 undergoes a rapid deceleration can be acquired based on whether the amount of reduction of the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 per unit time is lower than or equal to a predetermined value.
The target current determination unit 510 has a front wheel target current determination unit 511 and a rear wheel target current determination unit 512. The front wheel target current determination unit 511 determines a front wheel target current based on the front wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571. The front wheel target current is a target current of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270. The rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determines a rear wheel target current based on the rear wheel target movement determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572. The rear wheel target current is a target current of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170.
For example, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 determines the front wheel target current by substituting the front wheel target movement, which is determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571, into a corresponding map between the front wheel target movement and the front wheel target current, and which is prepared based on an empirical rule and is stored in the ROM in advance.
For example, the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determines the rear wheel target current by substituting the rear wheel target movement, which is determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572, into a corresponding map between the rear wheel target movement and the rear wheel target current, and which is prepared based on an empirical rule and is stored in the ROM in advance.
When the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement are equal to zero, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 set the front wheel target current and the rear wheel target current to zero, respectively. In a state in which the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement are equal to zero, when the front wheel target current and the rear wheel target current, which are respectively determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572, change from zero to values other than zero, or in other words, when the vehicle height begins to be increased from a state of not being increased, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 set the front wheel target current and the rear wheel target current to the predetermined maximum currents for a certain period of time, respectively. After the certain period of time elapses, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determine the front wheel target current and the rear wheel target current respectively based on the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572, respectively. At this time, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determine the front wheel target current and the rear wheel target current based on a correlation between the front wheel target current and the front wheel target movement and a correlation between the rear wheel target current and the rear wheel target movement, respectively, which are stored in the ROM in advance.
When the front wheel target current determination unit 511 determines the front wheel target current based on the front wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571, after a certain period of time elapses, the front wheel target current determination unit 511 may perform a feedback control based on a deviation between the front wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 and the actual front wheel movement Lf acquired by the front wheel movement acquisition unit 53, and the front wheel target current determination unit 511 may determine the front wheel target current. Similarly, when the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determines the rear wheel target current based on the rear wheel target movement determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572, after a certain period of time elapses, the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 may perform a feedback control based on a deviation between the rear wheel target movement determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 and the actual rear wheel movement Lr acquired by the rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54, and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 may determine the rear wheel target current.
The controller 520 has a front wheel operation controller 530 that controls an operation of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270; a front wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 533 that drives the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270; and a front wheel detection unit 534 that detects an actual current flowing through the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270. The controller 520 has a rear wheel operation controller 540 that controls an operation of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170; a rear wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 543 that drives the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170; and a rear wheel detection unit 544 that detects an actual current flowing through the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170.
The front wheel operation controller 530 has a front wheel feedback (F/B) controller 531 and a front wheel PWM controller 532. The front wheel feedback controller 531 performs a feedback control based on a deviation between the front wheel target current determined by the front wheel target current determination unit 511 and an actual current (an actual front wheel current) detected by the front wheel detection unit 534. The front wheel PWM controller 532 performs PWM control of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270.
The rear wheel operation controller 540 has a rear wheel feedback (F/B) controller 541 and a rear wheel PWM controller 542. The rear wheel feedback controller 541 performs a feedback control based on a deviation between the rear wheel target current determined by the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 and an actual current (an actual rear wheel current) detected by the rear wheel detection unit 544. The rear wheel PWM controller 542 performs PWM control of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170.
The front wheel feedback controller 531 obtains a deviation between the front wheel target current and an actual front wheel current detected by the front wheel detection unit 534, and performs a feedback control in such a manner that the deviation becomes zero. The rear wheel feedback controller 541 obtains a deviation between the rear wheel target current and an actual rear wheel current detected by the rear wheel detection unit 544, and performs a feedback control in such a manner that the deviation becomes zero. For example, the front wheel feedback controller 531 can perform a proportional process and an integral process on the deviation between the front wheel target current and the actual front wheel current by using a proportional element and an integral element, respectively. The rear wheel feedback controller 541 can perform a proportional process and an integral process on the deviation between the rear wheel target current and the actual rear wheel current by using a proportional element and an integral element, respectively. The processed values can be added by an addition calculation unit. Alternatively, for example, the front wheel feedback controller 531 can perform a proportional process, an integral process and a differential process on the deviation between the front wheel target current and the actual front wheel current by using a proportional element, an integral element and a differential element, respectively. The rear wheel feedback controller 541 can perform a proportional process, an integral process and a differential process on the deviation between the rear wheel target current and the actual rear wheel current by using a proportional element, an integral element and a differential element, respectively. The processed values can be added by the addition calculation unit.
The front wheel PWM controller 532 changes a duty ratio (=t/T×100(%)) of a pulse width (t) to a certain period (T), and performs PWM control of the degree of opening (a voltage applied to the coil of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270) of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270. When the PWM control is performed, a pulse-shaped voltage is applied to the coil of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 based on the duty ratio. At this time, a current flowing through the coil 271 of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 cannot trace the applied pulse-shaped voltage due to the impedance of the coil 271, and an output of the current is dull. The current flowing through the coil of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 increases and decreases proportionally to the duty ratio. The front wheel PWM controller 532 sets the duty ratio based on a correlation between the duty ratio and the front wheel target current, which is stored in the ROM in advance. For example, when the front wheel target current is equal to zero, the front wheel PWM controller 532 can set the duty ratio to zero, and when the front wheel target current is equal to the maximum current, the front wheel PWM controller 532 can set the duty ratio to 100%.
Similarly, the rear wheel PWM controller 542 changes a duty ratio, and performs PWM control of the degree of opening (a voltage applied to the coil of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170) of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170. When the PWM control is performed, a pulse-shaped voltage is applied to the coil 171 of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 based on the duty ratio, and a current flowing through the coil 171 of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 increases and decreases proportionally to the duty ratio. The rear wheel PWM controller 542 sets the duty ratio based on a correlation between the duty ratio and the rear wheel target current, which is stored in the ROM in advance. For example, when the rear wheel target current is equal to zero, the rear wheel PWM controller 542 can set the duty ratio to zero, and when the rear wheel target current is equal to the maximum current, the rear wheel PWM controller 542 can set the duty ratio to 100%.
For example, the front wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 533 includes a transistor (FET) as a switching element that is connected between a positive line of a power supply and the coil of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270. The front wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 533 controls the driving of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 by driving a gate of the transistor and causing the transistor to undergo a switching operation. For example, the rear wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 543 includes a transistor that is connected between a positive line of the power supply and the coil of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170. The rear wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 543 controls the driving of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 by driving a gate of the transistor and causing the transistor to undergo a switching operation.
The front wheel detection unit 534 detects an actual current flowing through the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 from a voltage occurring between opposite ends of a shunt resistance that is connected to the front wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 533. The rear wheel detection unit 544 detects an actual current flowing through the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 from a voltage occurring between opposite ends of a shunt resistance that is connected to the rear wheel electromagnetic valve drive unit 543.
In the motorcycle 1 with the aforementioned configuration, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50 determines the target current based on the target vehicle height associated with an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34, and performs PWM control in such a manner that an actual current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 becomes equal to the determined target current. That is, the front wheel PWM controller 532 and the rear wheel PWM controller 542 of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 change the duty ratios, and thus control electric power supplied to the coil 271 of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the coil 171 of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170, respectively, and arbitrarily control the degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170, respectively. Accordingly, the vehicle height can be changed to an arbitrary height based on an operation position of the vehicle height adjustment switch 34, and thus the control device 50 can change the vehicle height at multiple stages.
Synchronous Control
When the vehicle speed Vc increases from a vehicle speed lower than the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, and the vehicle height is increased to the target vehicle height. Subsequently, controlling of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 will be described.
When a front side of the vehicle frame 11 tilts or a rear side of the vehicle frame 11 tilts while the vehicle height is increased, travelling stability deteriorates. Even when pumping performance of the front wheel liquid supply device 260 of the front wheel relative position changing device 240, and pumping performance of the rear wheel liquid supply device 160 of the rear wheel relative position changing device 140 are set to prevent the vehicle frame 11 from tilting, there is a concern that travelling conditions of the motorcycle 1, road surface states, or the like cause a tilt. When the tilt occurs, and rising of one of the front and the rear wheels is further delayed compared to the other (one is positioned lower than the other), one receives an increasing load, and is unlikely to undergo a relative movement, thereby causing a vicious cycle that the rising is further delayed.
For this reason, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the embodiment controls the degree of opening of the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 in such a manner that a front wheel-side increasing speed generated by the front wheel relative position changing device 240 is synchronized with a rear wheel-side increasing speed generated by the rear wheel relative position changing device 140.
First Embodiment of Opening Control Process
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of opening control processes of each of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 and the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270, which are executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50, will be described.
FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating a reference relationship between the front wheel moving speed Vf and the rear wheel moving speed Vr. In FIG. 15, the horizontal axis indicates time elapsed after the vehicle speed Vc acquired by the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 increases from a vehicle speed lower than the increasing vehicle speed Vu to a vehicle speed higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu, and the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 begin to be closed so as to change the vehicle height (the maximum current begins to be supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170). The vertical axis indicates the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr. The front wheel moving speed Vf and the rear wheel moving speed Vr indicate the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr at time elapsed after the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 begin to be closed so as to change the vehicle height.
The relationship illustrated in FIG. 15 is determined in such a manner that the ratio of the front wheel moving speed Vf to the rear wheel moving speed Vr becomes equal to a predetermined value after the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 begin to be closed (after the vehicle height begins to be increased), and then the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height from the lowest position. In other words, the relationship is determined in such a manner that the ratio of the front wheel movement Lf to the rear wheel movement Lr becomes equal to a predetermined value at an arbitrary time in this period of time. Hereinafter, the front wheel moving speed Vf and the rear wheel moving speed Vr illustrated in FIG. 15 are respectively referred to as a front wheel reference speed Vfb and a rear wheel reference speed Vrb.
FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C are graphs illustrating control states of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the first embodiment. In FIGS. 16A to 16C, when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height, the front wheel movement and the rear wheel movement are Lft and Lrt, respectively. The ratio (the front wheel movement Lft/the rear wheel movement Lrt) of the front wheel movement Lft to the rear wheel movement Lrt becomes equal to a predetermined value.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 16A, in a case in which the front wheel movement and the rear wheel movement become Lf1 and Lr1, respectively, when a period of time t1 elapses after the vehicle height begins to be increased, and the movement ratio (Lf1/Lr1) of the front wheel movement Lf1 to the rear wheel movement Lr1 is greater than a predetermined value, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines that a reference speed for the front wheel moving speed Vf is higher than a reference speed for the rear wheel moving speed Vr. That is, it is determined that a front wheel-side increasing speed is higher than a rear wheel-side increasing speed. In other words, when the ratio (Vf/Vfb) of the front wheel moving speed Vf to the front wheel reference speed Vfb is referred to as a front wheel ratio, and the ratio (Vr/Vrb) of the rear wheel moving speed Vr to the rear wheel reference speed Vrb is referred to as a rear wheel ratio, and the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) of the front wheel ratio to the rear wheel ratio is greater than a predetermined range (a predetermined range with 1 as the center), it is determined that the front wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the rear wheel-side increasing speed. At this time, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 corrects the front wheel target movement with a front wheel correction value, which will be described later, in such a manner that the front wheel-side increasing speed coincides with the rear wheel-side increasing speed. The front wheel target current determination unit 511 determines the front wheel target current based on the front wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571.
Thereafter, when the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is within the predetermined range, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 sets the front wheel target movement to the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height, and the front wheel target current determination unit 511 sets the front wheel target current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 to the maximum current (the duty ratio is set to 100%).
The front wheel correction value can be set to be a value (hereinafter, the value may be referred to as a “front wheel maintaining value”) for maintaining the front wheel movement Lf when the period of time t1 elapses (when the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range). FIG. 16A illustrates a state in which the front wheel correction value is set to be the front wheel maintaining value. The front wheel correction value may be less than or greater than the front wheel maintaining value. When the front wheel correction value is less than the front wheel maintaining value, the speed ratio is likely to quickly enter the predetermined range, and the balance of the vehicle height improves quickly. In contrast, there is a concern that even when the speed ratio enters the predetermined range, and then the front wheel target current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is changed to the maximum current, the rear wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the front wheel-side increasing speed, and the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range. The front wheel correction value may be a value that is determined in advance in light of this matter.
In contrast, as illustrated in FIG. 16B, in a case in which the front wheel movement and the rear wheel movement become Lf2 and Lr2, respectively, when a period of time t2 elapses after the vehicle height begins to be increased, and the movement ratio (Lf2/Lr2) of the front wheel movement Lf2 to the rear wheel movement Lr2 is lower than the predetermined value, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines that a reference speed for the rear wheel moving speed Vr is higher than a reference speed for the front wheel moving speed Vf. That is, it is determined that the rear wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the front wheel-side increasing speed. In other words, when the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is lower than the predetermined range, it is determined that the rear wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the front wheel-side increasing speed. At this time, the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 corrects the rear wheel target movement with a rear wheel correction value, which will be described later, in such a manner that the rear wheel-side increasing speed coincides with the front wheel-side increasing speed. The rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determines the rear wheel target current based on the rear wheel target movement determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572.
Thereafter, when the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is within the predetermined range, the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 sets the rear wheel target movement to the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height, and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 sets the rear wheel target current supplied to the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 to the maximum current (the duty ratio is set to 100%).
The rear wheel correction value can be set to be a value (hereinafter, the value may be referred to as a “rear wheel maintaining value”) for maintaining the rear wheel movement Lr when the period of time t2 elapses (when the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range). FIG. 16B illustrates a state in which the rear wheel correction value is set to be the rear wheel maintaining value. The rear wheel correction value may be less than or greater than the rear wheel maintaining value. When the rear wheel correction value is less than the rear wheel maintaining value, the speed ratio is likely to quickly enter the predetermined range, and the balance of the vehicle height improves quickly. In contrast, there is a concern that even when the speed ratio enters the predetermined range, and then the rear wheel target current supplied to the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is changed to the maximum current, the front wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the rear wheel-side increasing speed, and the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range. The rear wheel correction value may be a value that is determined in advance in light of this matter.
As illustrated in FIG. 16C, in a case in which the front wheel movement and the rear wheel movement become Lf3 and Lr3, respectively, when a period of time t3 elapses after the vehicle height begins to be increased, and the movement ratio (Lf3/Lr3) of the front wheel movement Lf3 to the rear wheel movement Lr3 is equal to the predetermined value, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the embodiment determines that the front wheel moving speed Vf is the same as the rear wheel moving speed Vr. In other words, when the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is within the predetermined range, it is determined that the front wheel-side increasing speed is the same as the rear wheel-side increasing speed. At this time, even when the front wheel moving speed Vf and the rear wheel moving speed Vr are respectively different from the front wheel reference speed Vfb and the rear wheel reference speed Vrb, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 corrects neither the front wheel target movement nor the rear wheel target movement.
Subsequently, a sequence of the opening control processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 will be described with reference to a flow chart.
FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating a sequence of the opening control processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57. For example, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 repeatedly executes the opening control processes at a predetermined period of time after the vehicle height begins to be increased.
First, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 reads and acquires the vehicle speed Vc of the motorcycle 1 stored in the RAM (S101). Thereafter, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines whether the vehicle speed Vc acquired in S101 is higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu (S102). When the vehicle speed Vc is higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu (YES in S102), the maximum current is supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 (S103), and a front and rear adjustment flag indicating the necessity of front and rear adjustment processes, which will be described later, is set to be ON in the RAM (S104). In contrast, when the vehicle speed Vc is not higher than or equal to the increasing vehicle speed Vu (NO in S102), a current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 and the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is set to be zero (S105), and the front and rear adjustment flag is set to be OFF in the RAM (S106).
The front wheel rotation speed calculation unit 51, the rear wheel rotation speed calculation unit 52, and the vehicle speed acquisition unit 56 calculate the front wheel rotation speed Rf, the rear wheel rotation speed Rf, and the vehicle speed Vc, respectively, at a period shorter than or equal to a period in which the electromagnetic valve controller 57 executes the opening control processes, and store the calculated rotation speeds and the vehicle speed in the RAM.
Subsequently, according to the first embodiment, a sequence of the front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 will be described with reference to a flow chart.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating the sequence of the front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 in the first embodiment. The electromagnetic valve controller 57 repeatedly executes the front and rear adjustment processes at a predetermined period of time.
First, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 checks whether the front and rear adjustment flag is set to be ON in the RAM (S201). When the front and rear adjustment flag is set to be ON (YES in S201), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 reads and acquires the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr stored in the RAM (S202). The electromagnetic valve controller 57 calculates the front wheel ratio (Vf/Vfb) and the rear wheel ratio (Vr/Vrb), and determines whether the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is within the predetermined range (S203). When the speed ratio is within the predetermined range (YES in S203), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines whether the front wheel movement Lf is equal to the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel movement Lr is equal to the rear wheel target movement (S204). When the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are equal to the target movements, respectively (YES in S204), the vehicle height is equal to the target vehicle height. Accordingly, the execution of the processes ends. When the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are not equal to the target movements, respectively (NO in S204), a series of processes subsequent to S201 are executed.
In contrast, when the speed ratio is not within the predetermined range (NO in S203), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines whether the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range (S205). When the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range (YES in S205), the front wheel target movement is set to be the front wheel correction value (S206). In contrast, when the speed ratio is not greater than the predetermined range (NO in S205), the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range. Accordingly, the rear wheel target movement is set to be the rear wheel correction value (S207). After the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel target movement are corrected in S206 and in S207, respectively, a series of processes subsequent to S201 are executed.
The front wheel movement acquisition unit 53 and the rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54 calculate the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr, respectively, at a period shorter than or equal to a period in which the electromagnetic valve controller 57 executes the front and rear adjustment processes, and stores the calculated wheel movements in the RAM. The predetermined range is stored in the ROM in advance.
Since the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50 performs the front and rear adjustment processes in this manner, the control device 50 can increase the vehicle height more precisely in such a manner that the increasing speed of the vehicle height by the front wheel relative position changing device 240 is the same as the increasing speed of the vehicle height by the rear wheel relative position changing device 140. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the posture of the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) from changing even while the vehicle height is adjusted. As a result, it is possible to prevent travelling stability from deteriorating even when the vehicle height is adjusted.
Second Embodiment of Opening Control Process
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of opening control processes of each of the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 and the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270, which are executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50, will be described in detail.
The second embodiment of the opening control processes is different from the first embodiment of the opening control processes in that when the speed ratio is not within the predetermined range after an arbitrary period of time elapses, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 coincides the target movement of one wheel having a higher increasing speed with a movement ratio of the other wheel having a lower increasing speed. Hereinafter, different points between two embodiments will be described, and identical points will be omitted.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are graphs illustrating control states of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the second embodiment.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 19A, in a case in which the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is greater than the predetermined range when the period of time t1 elapses after the vehicle height begins to be increased, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the embodiment determines that the front wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the rear wheel-side increasing speed. At this time, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 of the electromagnetic valve controller 57 sets the front wheel target movement to a value obtained by adding a front wheel adjustment value to a value corresponding to a rear wheel movement ratio which is the ratio of the rear wheel movement Lr1 when the period of time t1 elapses to the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height. That is, the front wheel target movement=(the rear wheel movement Lr1/the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height)×(the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height)+the front wheel adjustment value. The front wheel target current determination unit 511 determines the front wheel target current based on the front wheel target movement determined by the front wheel target movement determination unit 571.
Thereafter, when the speed ratio is within the predetermined range, the front wheel target movement determination unit 571 sets the front wheel target movement to the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height, and the front wheel target current determination unit 511 sets the front wheel target current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 to the maximum current (the duty ratio is set to 100%).
In contrast, as illustrated in FIG. 19B, in a case in which the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is lower than the predetermined range when the period of time t2 elapses after the vehicle height begins to be increased, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 according to the second embodiment determines that the rear wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the front wheel-side increasing speed. At this time, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 sets the rear wheel target movement to a value obtained by adding a rear wheel adjustment value to a value corresponding to a front wheel movement ratio which is the ratio of the front wheel movement Lf2 when the period of time t2 elapses to the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height. That is, the rear wheel target movement=(the front wheel movement Lf2/the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height)×(the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height)+the rear wheel adjustment value. The rear wheel target current determination unit 512 determines the rear wheel target current based on the rear wheel target movement determined by the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572.
Thereafter, when the speed ratio is within the predetermined range, the rear wheel target movement determination unit 572 sets the rear wheel target movement to the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height, and the rear wheel target current determination unit 512 sets the rear wheel target current supplied to the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 to the maximum current (the duty ratio is set to 100%).
The front wheel adjustment value and the rear wheel adjustment value are positive values that are determined in advance based on experiments and the like.
When the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range, and the front wheel target movement is set to be a value corresponding to the rear wheel movement ratio, the front wheel target movement is less than the front wheel adjustment value-added front wheel target movement. Accordingly, the speed ratio is likely to quickly enter the predetermined range, and the balance of the vehicle height improves quickly. In contrast, there is a concern that even when the speed ratio enters the predetermined range thereafter, and then the front wheel target current supplied to the front wheel electromagnetic valve 270 is changed to the maximum current, the rear wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the front wheel-side increasing speed, and the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range. For this reason, when the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range, the front wheel adjustment value is added for the determination of the front wheel target movement, and thus there is no frequent reversal in magnitude between the front and the rear wheel-side increasing speeds in a range in which the adjustment of the vehicle height is not adversely affected.
Similarly, when the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range, and the rear wheel target movement is set to be a value corresponding to the front wheel movement ratio, the rear wheel target movement is less than the rear wheel adjustment value-added rear wheel target movement. Accordingly, the speed ratio is likely to quickly enter the predetermined range, and the balance of the vehicle height improves quickly. In contrast, there is a concern that even when the speed ratio enters the predetermined range thereafter, and then the rear wheel target current supplied to the rear wheel electromagnetic valve 170 is changed to the maximum current, the front wheel-side increasing speed is higher than the rear wheel-side increasing speed, and the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range. For this reason, when the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range, the rear wheel adjustment value is added for the determination of the rear wheel target movement, and thus there is no frequent reversal in magnitude between the front and the rear wheel-side increasing speeds in a range in which the adjustment of the vehicle height is not adversely affected.
Subsequently, according to the second embodiment, a sequence of front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 will be described with reference to a flow chart.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating the sequence of the front and rear adjustment processes executed by the electromagnetic valve controller 57 in the second embodiment. The electromagnetic valve controller 57 repeatedly executes the front and rear adjustment processes at a predetermined period of time.
First, the electromagnetic valve controller 57 checks whether the front and rear adjustment flag is set to be ON in the RAM (S301). When the front and rear adjustment flag is set to be ON (YES in S301), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 reads and acquires the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr stored in the RAM (S302). The electromagnetic valve controller 57 calculates the front wheel ratio (Vf/Vfb) and the rear wheel ratio (Vr/Vrb), and determines whether the speed ratio ((Vf/Vfb)/(Vr/Vrb)) is within the predetermined range (S303). When the speed ratio is within the predetermined range (YES in S303), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines whether the front wheel movement Lf is equal to the front wheel target movement and the rear wheel movement Lr is equal to the rear wheel target movement (S304). When the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are equal to the target movements, respectively (YES in S304), the vehicle height is equal to the target vehicle height. Accordingly, the execution of the processes ends.
In contrast, when the speed ratio is not within the predetermined range (NO in S303), the electromagnetic valve controller 57 determines whether the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range (S305). When the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range (YES in S305), the front wheel target movement is set to be a value obtained by adding the front wheel adjustment value to a value (a value corresponding to the rear wheel movement ratio) that is obtained by multiplying the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height by the ratio of the rear wheel movement Lr at the current point of time to the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height (S306). Accordingly, the front wheel target current is set to be a target current determined based on the changed front wheel target movement, and the front wheel moving speed decreases.
In contrast, when the speed ratio is not greater than the predetermined range (NO in S305), or in other words, the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range. Accordingly, the rear wheel target movement is set to be a value obtained by adding the rear wheel adjustment value to a value (a value corresponding to the front wheel movement ratio) that is obtained by multiplying the rear wheel movement Lrt when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height by the ratio of the front wheel movement Lf at the current point of time to the front wheel movement Lft when the vehicle height reaches the target vehicle height (S307). Accordingly, the rear wheel target current is set to be a target current determined based on the changed rear wheel target movement, and the rear wheel moving speed decreases.
The front wheel movement acquisition unit 53 and the rear wheel movement acquisition unit 54 calculate the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr, respectively, at a period shorter than or equal to a period in which the electromagnetic valve controller 57 executes the front and rear adjustment processes, and stores the calculated wheel movements in the RAM. The front wheel and the rear wheel adjustment values are stored in the ROM in advance.
Since the electromagnetic valve controller 57 of the control device 50 performs the front and rear adjustment processes in this manner, the control device 50 can increase the vehicle height more precisely in such a manner that the increasing speed of the vehicle height by the front wheel relative position changing device 240 is the same as the increasing speed of the vehicle height by the rear wheel relative position changing device 140. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the posture of the vehicle frame 11 (the seat 19) from changing even while the vehicle height is adjusted. As a result, it is possible to prevent travelling stability from deteriorating even when the vehicle height is adjusted.
The front wheel and the rear wheel adjustment values may be set to respectively correspond to the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr when the front wheel and the rear wheel target movements are corrected. The front wheel and the rear wheel adjustment values may be set to be small to the extent that the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are small. The front wheel and the rear wheel adjustment values may be set to be large to the extent that the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are large. In a case in which the front wheel movement Lf and the rear wheel movement Lr are small when the front wheel and the rear wheel target movements are corrected, there is no frequent reversal in magnitude between the front and the rear wheel-side increasing speeds.

## Claims

1. A vehicle height adjustment apparatus comprising:
a front fork that is capable of changing a front wheel distance in a longitudinal direction of the front fork, said front wheel distance being a distance between a body of a vehicle and a front wheel of the vehicle;
a rear suspension that is capable of changing a rear wheel distance in a longitudinal direction of the rear suspension, said rear wheel distance being a distance between the body of the vehicle and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and
a control device that controls the front fork and the rear suspension so as to change the front wheel distance and the rear wheel distance to adjust a vehicle height, which is a height of the body of the vehicle,
wherein the control device increases the vehicle height while maintaining a displacement ratio of a displacement of the front wheel distance to a displacement of the rear wheel distance within a predetermined range of the displacement ratio,
wherein each of the front fork and the rear suspension has a jack chamber and an electromagnetic valve provided in a fluid flow path where liquid discharged from the jack chamber flows,
wherein the vehicle height changes in accordance with an amount of liquid in the jack chamber, and
wherein the displacement ratio is maintained within the predetermined range of the displacement ratio by performing pulse width modulation (PWM) control on the electromagnetic valve.

2. A vehicle height adjustment apparatus comprising:
a front fork that is capable of changing a front wheel distance in a longitudinal direction of the front fork, said front wheel distance being a distance between a body of a vehicle and a front wheel of the vehicle;
a rear suspension that is capable of changing a rear wheel distance in a longitudinal direction of the rear suspension, said rear wheel distance being a distance between the body of the vehicle and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and
a control device that controls the front fork and the rear suspension so as to change the front wheel distance and the rear wheel distance to adjust a vehicle height, which is a height of the body of the vehicle,
wherein the control device sets a first target of the front wheel distance and a second target of the rear wheel distance so as to obtain a target vehicle height when the vehicle height is increased to the target vehicle height,
wherein when a speed ratio of a front wheel speed ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed in the front wheel, to a rear wheel speed ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed in the rear wheel, is outside of a predetermined range of the speed ratio, the control device corrects the first target of the front wheel distance or the second target of the rear wheel distance by equalizing the front wheel speed ratio and the rear wheel speed ratio,
wherein each of the front fork and the rear suspension has a jack chamber and an electromagnetic valve provided in a fluid flow path where liquid discharged from the jack chamber flows,
wherein the vehicle height changes in accordance with an amount of liquid in the jack chamber, and
wherein a displacement ratio of a displacement of the first target of the front wheel distance to a displacement of the second target of the rear wheel distance is maintained within a predetermined range of the displacement ratio by performing pulse width modulation (PWM) control on the electromagnetic valve.

3. The vehicle height adjustment apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the speed ratio is a ratio of the front wheel speed ratio to the rear wheel speed ratio, and
wherein when the speed ratio is greater than the predetermined range of the speed ratio, the control device corrects the first target of the front wheel distance, and when the speed ratio is lower than the predetermined range of the speed ratio, the control device corrects the second target of the rear wheel distance.

4. A method for adjusting a vehicle height comprising:
adjusting, by a processor, a height of a vehicle, which is a height of a body of the vehicle;
changing, by the processor, a front wheel distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of a front fork between a body of the vehicle and a front wheel of the vehicle;
changing, by the processor, a rear wheel distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of a rear suspension between the body of the vehicle and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and
increasing, by the processor, the vehicle height while a displacement ratio of a displacement of the front wheel distance to a displacement of the rear wheel distance is maintained within a predetermined range of the displacement ratio,
wherein each of the front fork and the rear suspension has a jack chamber and an electromagnetic valve provided in a fluid flow path where liquid discharged from the jack chamber flows,
wherein the vehicle height changes in accordance with an amount of liquid in the jack chamber, and
wherein the displacement ratio is maintained within the predetermined range of the displacement ratio by performing pulse width modulation (PWM) control on the electromagnetic valve.

5. A method for adjusting a vehicle height comprising:
adjusting, by a processor, a height of a vehicle, which is a height of a body of the vehicle;
changing, by the processor, a front wheel distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of a front fork between a body of the vehicle and a front wheel of the vehicle;
changing, by the processor, a rear wheel distance that is a distance in a longitudinal direction of a rear suspension between the body of the vehicle and a rear wheel of the vehicle; and
wherein a first target of the front wheel distance and a second target of the rear wheel distance are set to obtain a target vehicle height when the vehicle height is increased to the target vehicle height, and
wherein when a speed ratio of a front wheel speed ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed in the front wheel, to a rear wheel speed ratio, which is a ratio of an actual changing speed to a reference speed in the rear wheel, is outside of a predetermined range of the speed ratio, the speed ratio is adjusted to be within the predetermined range by correcting the first target of the front wheel distance or the second target of the rear wheel distance by equalizing the front wheel speed ratio and the rear wheel speed ratio,
wherein each of the front fork and the rear suspension has a jack chamber and an electromagnetic valve provided in a fluid flow path where liquid discharged from the jack chamber flows,
wherein the vehicle height changes in accordance with an amount of liquid in the jack chamber, and
wherein a displacement ratio of a displacement of the first target of the front wheel distance to a displacement of the second target of the rear wheel distance is maintained within a predetermined range of the displacement ratio by performing pulse width modulation (PWM) control on the electromagnetic valve.