FI LED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEV ENT H CI RCUI T OCT OBER 8, 2 009 T HOMAS K . KAHN CLERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Nos . 08 -1 68 02 & 0 9- 10 50 0 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 0 8- 01 97 3- CV-WBH-1 GRAMS B . OSBORNE, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll an t, ve rs us AMERIC AN MULTI CINEMA, INC., d.b .a. AMC Th eat ers Parkway Po in t 1 5, (DEPUTY) PHILLIP ANTONIO PAUL, Ind iv idua l, (DEPUTY) JEREM Y GIBSON, In di vi du al , JOHN DOE, Ind iv idua l, a.k .a. Bri tt an y , JOHN DOE, Ind iv idua l, a.k .a. Tane ka , JOHN DOE, Ind iv idua ll y , Jo in tl y , andSev eral ly, a.k .a. In su ran ce Co m

pa ny(s), Defen da nt s- App el le es .__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal s fr om

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt fo r th e North ernDis tri ctof Ge or gi a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (Oct ob er 8 , 20 09 ) Befo re MAR CUS, PRYOR a ndANDERSON, Circu itJu dg es . PER CURI AM: Gram s B . Osb orne ap pe al s p ro se t he su m m ary jud gm en t ag ai ns t Os bo rn e’s co m pl ai ntth athi s ci vi l ri gh ts were v io la te d i n the ev en ts th atledto hi s arres t an d pr os ecu ti on in a Geo rg iaco urt fo r cri m in al tre sp as s. See 42 U.S.C. § 1 98 3. Th e di st ric t co urt co nc lu de d tha t the off ic ers ha d p ro babl e cau se to arre stOsb orne . W e affi rm . I. BACK GROUND Ph il li p An to ni o P au l, a s ecu rit y off ic er fo r Am eri can Mu lt i Ci ne m a an d a n of fic er o f th e Sh eri ff’s Dep artm en t o f Co bb Co un ty, Geo rg ia , no ti cedOsb orne co m bi ng th e lo bb y

an d h al lways of

th e th eat er. Pau l wat ch edOsb orne sel ect pa tro ns an d e m

pl oyees o f th e th eat er, p rimaril y wom en , to ap pr oa ch , aft er wh ic h he wou ld“bl at an tl y

st are a t the m .” Pau l co nf ro nt edOsb orne an d que st io ne d h im ab ou t h is co nduc t. WhenOsb orne st at edth athe di d n otha ve a m ov ie ti ck et , Pau l to ldOsb orne to lea ve th e th eat er. Pau l warne d Os bo rn e th atif h e d id“ co m e b ack 2an d c on ti nu e wit h [h is ] act io ns , [he ] [wo ul d] be ch arg edwith c riminal tre sp as s.”

An em pl oyee of th e th eat er l at er t ol d P au l tha t Os bo rn e h adgrabb edhe r hand . Osb orne returne d t o Am eri can Cin em a th e n ex t d ay , pu rch as eda ti ck et , and as ke d t o s pe akwith am an ag er ab ou t h is co nv ers at io n wi th Pau l. Osb orne ev en tu al ly spo ke with s ecu rity off ic er J eremy

Gib so n. Gi bs on cal le d P au l t o in qu ire ab ou t h is co nv ers at io n wi th Osb orne . Pau l t ol d Gi bs on ab ou t Os bo rn e’s od d b eh av io r an d tha t Paul ha d b an ne d Os bo rn e fro m th e p rem is es . Gib so n a rres te d Os bo rn e an d i ss ue d awrit te n warni ng st at in g t ha t Os bo rn e was “ fo rb id de n t o re tu rn ” to th e th eat er. Osb orne was c ha rg edin a Geo rg iaco urt fo r cri m in al tre sp as s an d o bs tru ct io n o f jus ti ce. A jury co nv ic te d Os bo rn e o f cri m in al tre sp as s an d a cqui tt edhi m of o bs tru ct io n o f jus ti ce. A Geor gi a ap pe al s co urt re ve rs edOsb orne ’s con vi ct io n o n t he gro un d t ha t he di d n otrece iv e n ot ic e as requi redby stat e st atut e b efo re h e was arre st edfor cri m in al tre sp as s. Os bo rn e v . Sta te , 29 0 Ga. Ap p. 1 88 , 18 9– 90 , 66 5 S .E.2d1, 2 (2 00 8) . The s ta tu te requi redth at , to pro se cu te for cri m in al tre sp as s, the tre sp as se r m us t re cei ve no ti ce fr om

“ th e o wne r, rig ht fu l o ccupa nt ” o r an“ au th or iz ed rep res en ta ti ve of t he own er o r ri gh tfu l o ccupa nt ” th athe is forbi dd ento en te r th e pr em is es , O.C.G.A. § 1 6- 7- 21 (b )(2 ), an d the ev id en ce es tabl is he d t ha t Paul ha d no t t al ke d t o o r rec ei ve d p erm is si on fro m th e o wne r orm an ag er o f th e th eat er 3be fo re h e b an ne d Os bo rn e fro m th e th eat er. Osb orne , 29 0 Ga. Ap p. at18 9– 90 , 66 5 S .E.2dat 2 . The s ta te co urt ex pl ai ne d t ha t, h adOsb orne returne d t o t he th eat er af te r he rece iv edth e warn in g fr om Gib so n, Os bo rn e “ co ul d h av e b een arre st edfor

cri m in al tre sp as s.” Id . at 1 90 , 66 5 S .E.2dat 2 . Osb orne fil eda co m

pl ai ntin a Geo rg iaco urt tha t al le ge d h e h adbe en fal se ly arres te d a ndm al ic io us ly pro se cu te d i n v io la ti on of s ta te law b y Am eri can Ci ne m a, Pau l, Gi bs on , two ot he r em pl oyees o f Am eri canCin em a, an d a n u nn am ed in su ran ce co m

pa ny. Osb orne all eg edth atth e d efen dant s al so ha d v io la te d h is rig ht s t o due pro ces s an d e qu al pro te ct io n u nd er the Fo urth , Fift h, an d F ou rte en th Am en dm en ts , andhi s ri gh ts res erv edun de r th e Nin th an d Ten th Am en dm en ts . Osb orne lat er m ov edto am en d h is co m pl ai ntto ad d C ob b C ou nt y an d the Sta te of Geo rg iaas d efen da nt s; to withd raw h is cla im s u nd er s ta te law; an d t o a ddcla im s of fal se arre st , fal se im

pr is on m en t, m al ic io us pro se cu ti on , con sp ira cy to de pr iv e hi m of h is rig ht s t o due pro ces s u nd er the Fo urte en thAm en dm en t, an d re ta li at io n fo r ex erci si ng hi s ri gh ts un de r th e Fi rs t Am en dm en t. Am eri can Cin em a, Pau l, an d Gi bs on rem ov edth e cas e. Late r, Am eri can Ci ne m a m ov edforsu m

m ary jud gm en t. Insupp ort o f it s m ot io n, Am eri can Ci ne m a fi le d atra ns cri ptof Os bo rn e’s cri m in al tri al . Osb orne ob jecte d t o t he us e

4of

th e tr an sc rip t an d a rg ue d t ha t h e h adpa ida co urt re po rte r un de r a b in di ng co nt ractto reco rdhi s t ria l an d h adex cl us iv e ri gh ts to th e tr an sc rip t. The di stric t co urt g ran te d s umm ary jud gm en t i n fa vo r of th e d efen da nt s. The co urt g ran te d Os bo rn e’s m ot io ns to in cl ud e ad di ti on al de fen da nt s an d h is co m pl ai nt s ab ou t the vi ol at io n o f hi s ci vi l ri gh ts . The d is tri ctco urt ru le d t ha t n o di sp ut e o f fac t ex is te d abo utwhethe r Gib so n h adpro babl e cau se to arre stOsb orne an d t ha t the ex is te nc e o f pr ob ab le cau se pre cl ud edrel ie f fo r Osb orne ’s com pl ai nt s of fal se arre st , fal se im

pr is on m en t, m al ic io us pro se cu ti on un de r fed eral an d s ta te la w, con sp ira cy

to vi ol at e h is co ns ti tu ti on al rig ht s, an d t he vi ol at io n o f hi s ri gh ts un de r th e Fi rs t Am en dm en t. The di stric t co urt ru le d, i n t he alt ern at iv e, th at Osb orne fai le d t o s ta te a cl ai m fora vi ol at io n u nd er the Fir stAm en dm en t b ecau se he “ [h ad ] id en ti fie d n ei th er the pro te ct edsp eech th atwas s up pr es se d o r ret al ia te d ag ai ns t n orth e m an ne r in whi ch Defen da nt s s up po se dl y supp res se d s pe echor ret al ia te d a ga in sthi m .” II . STANDARDS OF REVIEW W e rev ie w a su m

m ary jud gm en t d e n ov o. Ell is v. En gl an d, 4 32 F.3d13 21 , 13 25 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ). The p arty th atm ov es forsu m

m ary jud gm en t m

us t es tabl is h th atth e p le ad in gs an d e vi de nc e es tabl is h t he re ex is ts no ge nu in e is su e as to an y m at eri al fact . Fed . R. Civ . P. 56 (c); Cel ot ex v. Ca tre tt , 47 7 U.S. 3 71 , 32 5, 1 06 S. 5Ct . 25 48 , 25 54 (19 86 ). “ W e rev ie w for ab us e o f di sc ret io n t he di st ric t co urt’s adm is si on of e vi de nc e.” Uni te d S ta te s v . Deve rs o, 5 18 F.3d12 50 , 12 54 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ). II I. DI SCUSSI ON Osb orne rai se s t wo i ss ue s fo r ou r rev ie w. Firs t, Os bo rn e ch al le ng es th e su m m ary jud gm en t i n fa vo r of th e d efen da nt s fo r hi s co m pl ai nt s o f fal se arre st , fal se im pr is on m en t, m al ic io us pro se cu ti on , con sp ira cy , andvi ol at io n o f hi s ri gh ts un de r th e Fi rs t Am en dm en t. Sec on d, Os bo rn e ch al le ng es th e u se of h is st at e tr ia l tra ns cri ptby Am eri can Mu lt i Ci ne m a. Thes e arg um en ts fai l. The di stric t co urt co rrec tl y gra nt edsu m

m ary jud gm en t i n fa vo r of Am eri can Ci ne m a, Dep ut y

Sh eri ffs Pau l an d Gi bs on , andth e St at e o f Geo rg ia . The d is tri ct co urt fo un d t ha t Gi bs on ha d p ro babl e cau se to arre stOsb orne for cri m in al tre sp as s an d t ha t fi nd in g was supp orte d b y th e rec or d o f Osb orne ’s st at e cri m in al pr oc eed in gs . Gib so n re as on ab ly bel ie ve d t ha t Paul ha d b anne d Os bo rn e fro m th e th eat er an d Gi bs on ha d p ro babl e cau se to be li ev e th atOsb orne , by returni ng to th e th eat er, h adco m

m it te d c riminal tre sp as s. Th atOsb orne ’s con vi ct io n was lat er rev ers edbe cau se Pau l l ack edau th or it y to ba n Os bo rn e fro m

th e th eat er d oe s n ot affe ctou r an al y si s b ecau se “ [p ]rob ab le cau se do es no t re qu ire th e sa m e type o f sp eci fic ev id en ce o f eac h e le m en t o f th e o ffen se as wo ul d b e n eed edto supp ort a 6co nv ic ti on .” Hol m es v. Ku cynd a, 32 1 F .3d10 69 , 10 79 (11 th Cir . 20 03 ). Osb orne

arg ue s t ha t the warran t fo r hi s arres t was ob ta in edby fraudan d h is co nv ic ti on co ul d n otpro vi de “ co nc lu si ve ev id en ce o f pr ob ab le cau se ,” Co nd on v. Vi ck ery, 27 0 Ga. Ap p. 3 22 , 32 4, 6 06 S.E.2d33 6, 3 39 (20 04 ), bu t Gi bs on ob ta in edth e warra ntaft er h e arr es te d Os bo rn e an d Gi bs on ha d p ro babl e cau se to m ak e th e arre st . The ex is te nc e o f pr ob ab le cau se crea te s an ab so lu te ba r to Osb orne ’s co m pl ai nt s o f fal se arre stan d fa ls e im pr is on m en t, s ee Ca se v. Es li ng er, 5 55 F.3d 13 17 , 13 26 –2 7 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 9) ; M arx v. Gu m bi nn er, 9 05 F.2d15 03 , 15 06 (11 th Ci r. 19 90 ), an d d efea ts hi s cl ai m s fo r m al ic io us pro se cu ti on , see Kjell se n v . Mil ls , 51 7 F .3d12 32 , 12 37 –3 8 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 8) , andth e v io la ti on of h is rig ht s u nd er the Fi rs t Am en dm en t, Dah l v . Hol le y , 31 2 F .3d12 28 , 12 36 (11 th Cir . 20 02 ). As Osb orne fai le d t o e st ab li sh th atth e d efen da nt s v io la te d h is co ns ti tu ti on al rig ht s, hi s co m pl ai ntof c on sp ira cy

als o fa il s. Co okv. Ra nd ol ph Co un ty, Ga., 57 3 F .3d 11 43 , 11 53 (11 th Cir . 20 09 ). The di stric t co urt d idno t ab us e it s d is cret io n b y adm it ti ng Osb orne ’s tri al tra ns cri pt . Osb orne co m

pl ai ns th atadm is si on of t he tra ns cri ptvi ol at edst at e ev id en ti ary ru le s, b utwhen a di st ric t co urt ex erci se s s up pl em en ta l juris di ct io n ov er al le ge d v io la ti on s o f st at e la w, “ fed eral law g ov ern s p ro cedur al is su es .”

7McDo well v. Br own , 39 2 F .3d12 83 , 12 94 (11 th Cir . 20 04 ). Osb orne cit es no

au th or it y th atpre cl ud es adm is si on of t he tra ns cri ptin hi s fe de ral pro ceed in g.

IV. CONCLUSI ON The su m m ary jud gm en t ag ai ns t Os bo rn e’s co m pl ai ntis AFFIRMED .

8