EPA REGISTRATION DIVISION COMPANY NOTICE OF FILING FOR

PESTICIDE PETITIONS PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER EPA Registration Division contact: Laura E. Nollen, (703) 305 - 7390

Int erregional Research Project Number 4 (IR- 4) Petition Number PP# 0E7820 EPA has received a pesticide petition , PP# 0E7820, from Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR

- 4), 500 College Road East, Suite 201 W Princeton, NJ 08540, proposing, pursu ant to section 408(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d), to amend 40 CFR part 180. 608 by establishing tolerance s for residues of s pirodiclofen , 3 - (2,4 - dichlorophenyl) - 2 - o xo - 1 - oxaspiro[4,5]dec -3 - en - 4 - yl 2,2 - dimethylbutan oate , in or on the raw agricultural commodities sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama, soursop, b i riba, guava, fei joa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, persimmon and acerola at 0.45 parts per million (ppm) and lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan and pulasan at 3.5 ppm . EPA has determined that the petition contains data or information regarding the elements set forth in section 408 (d)(2) of FDDCA; however, EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted data at this time or whether the data supports granting of the petition. Additional data may

be needed before EPA rules on the petition. A. Residue Chemistry 1. Plant metabolism. The metabolism of spirodiclofen in plants is adequately understood. Studies have been conducted to delineate the metabolism of radiolabeled spirodiclofen in various crops, all showing similar results. The residue of concern is spirodiclofen. 2. Analytical method. Adequate analytical methodology using LC/MS/MS detection is available for enforcement purposes. 3. Magnitude of residues. Magnitude of the residue data was conducted on guava, sugar apple and lychee in accordance with OPPTS Guideline 860.1500. The data supports establishing the requested tolerance s . B. Toxicological Profile 1. Acute toxicity. Oral and dermal LD50 values were >2000 mg/kg bw. Inhalation LC50 values were >5030 mg/m3 air. Spirodiclofen was not irritating to2

rabbit skin or eyes but did cause skin sensitization in the Magnusson/Kligman maximization test in guinea pigs. Acute toxicity studies for spirodiclofen support an overall toxicity Category III. Spirodiclofen did not show any evidence of neurotoxicity in an acute neurotoxicity study in rats. 2. Genotoxicty. Several genotoxicity tests were conducted to test for pointmutagenic activity, chromosome aberration in vitro and in vivo, and for DNA repair. All tests conducted were negative, indicating no evidence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential. 3. Reproductive and developmental toxicity. An oral developmental toxicity study in rat did not reveal any evidence of teratogenic potential. The maternal and developmental NOELs were 1000 mg/kg bw/day. An oral developmental toxicity study in rabbits demonstrated a maternal NOEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day and did not reveal any teratogenic potential. A two - generation study in rats, with a parental toxicity NOAEL of 5.2 mg/kg bw/day, did not reveal evidence of a primary reproductive toxicity potential. The reproductive NOAEL was 26.2 mg/kg bw/day based on various clinical and histopathological findings at higher dose levels. The results of a second DNT study demonstrated no changes in developmental/ functional parameter s in offspring at the highest dose tested . 4. Subchronic toxicity. A subchronic toxicity feeding study with rats over 90 days demonstrated a NOAEL of 32.1 and 8.1 mg/kg bw/day for males and females, respectively, based on effects on the lipid metabolism (decrease of triglycerides and cholesterol), liver effects (increase in transaminases) a nd adrenal effects (vacuolation) at the higher dose levels. A subchronic feeding study in mice over 13 weeks revealed no clinical toxicological signs. A NOAEL of 30.1 mg/kg bw/day for females was observed and a NOAEL of 15 mg/kg bw was established for male s). A 14 -week feeding study in dogs demonstrated a NOAEL of 7.7 mg/kg bw/day for males and <8.4 mg/kg bw/day for females based on adrenal gland effects in 2 out of 4 animals . Spirodiclofen did not show any evidence of neurotoxicity in a subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats. A 28 day immunotoxicity investigation in rats in combination with other guideline studies provide evidence that spirodiclofen does not adversely affect the immune system . 5. Chronic toxicity. A 24 - month combined chronic feeding/car cinogenicity study in rats demonstrated a NOAEL of 14.7 mg/kg bw/day. An oncogenicity study in the mouse revealed a NOAEL of 4.1 mg/kg bw/day. Uterine and testicular oncogenicity was noted in the rat and hepatic neoplasia was observed in the mouse. A one -y ear feeding study with dog demonstrated a NOAEL of 1.38 mg/kg bw day based on adrenal effects (vacuolization) as well as changes in circulating cholesterol and prostate weight at higher dose levels. 6. Animal metabolism. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies in the rat demonstrate that spirodiclofen residues are rapidly absorbed, metabolized and eliminated. The primary metabolite is the enol, which is formed by cleavage of the alkyl ester group, but numerous other metabolites are also formed.3

7. Me tabolite toxicology

. In crop matrices, spirodiclofen is the only residue of concern. The residues of concern in livestock tissues are spirodiclofen and its enol metabolite. Since the enol is inherently present after administration, toxicology data for this metabolite is completely supported by data obtained for spirodiclofen . 8. Endocrine disruption

. The mammalian mode of action for spirodiclofen includes that classified as inhibitory to steroid biosynthesis, resulting in an indirect and endogenously- me diated toxicological response. Effects do not have an impact on fertility, reproduction, developmental or neuropathological parameters. Additional mechanistic studies with the chemical indicated that there is no direct effect on the endocrine system as the re is no interaction with hormone receptors. C. Aggregate Exposure 1. Dietary exposure. Spirodiclofen has a low acute toxicity via the oral, dermal or inhalation route. An endpoint of concern attributable to a single dose was not identified in the h azard database; therefore an acute reference dose was not established. Chronic dietary analysis was conducted to estimate exposure to potential spirodiclofen residues for the proposed use on sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama, soursop, b riba, guava, fejoa, jaboticaba, wax jambu, starfruit, passionfruit, acerola, persimmon, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan and pulasan and all registered and pending uses. DEEM-FCIDTM software (Version 2.14) utilizing the 94 - 96 - 98 CSFII consumption dat abase was used to estimate exposure. Average anticipated residues, processing factors (where available) and average percent crop treated values were used in the chronic assessment. The chronic reference dose of 0. 014 mg/kg bw/day is based on the one year d og study NOAEL of 1.38 mg/kg bw/day and an applied uncertainty factor of 100X (10x for interspecies extrapolation and 10x for intraspecies variations ) . Spirodiclofen has been classified by EPA as “likely to be carcinogenic to humans” by the oral route. Th e unit risk, Q 1 * (mg/kg/day) - 1 for spirodiclofen is 1.49 x 10 - 2 based on male rat testes Leydig cell adenoma. Chronic and cancer aggregate risk estimates include exposure from drinki ng water and from food sources. i. Food. Chronic dietary exposure estim ates from residues of spirodiclofen for the U.S. population i s 0.3% of the cPAD. The population with the highest exposure i s children 1 - 2 years with 0.9% of the cPAD utilized. The chronic cancer dietary exposure estimate fo r the general popu lation is 5.8 8 x 10

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. ii. Drinking water

. To assess chronic risk, drinking water estimates were incorporated directly into the dietary analysis (DEEM-FCID residue file). The chronic estimated environmental concentration (EEC) for drinking water was based on the PRZM/EXAMS model. The water exposure assessment was done using the latest EPA modeling tool PE5 and the latest modeling scenarios. In the assessment, regional percent crop areas were used. The chronic (non - cancer) exposure for spirodiclofen (total residue including its three m etabolites: spirodiclofen - enol, spirodiclofen - ketohydroxy, and spirodiclofen - dihydroxy) in surface water was4

estimated to be 0.98 ppb in surface water. The EEC for chronic (cancer) exposure in surface water was estimate d to be 0.67 ppb . Combined chronic dietary exposure estimates from residues of spirodiclofen in food and drinking water for the U.S. population is 0.4% of the cPAD. The populations with the highest potential; exposure s are infants and children 1 - 2 years with 1.1% of the c PAD utilized. The chronic cancer dietary exposure estimate for the general population is 8.96 x 10

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. 2. Non

- dietary exposure

. There are no indoor residential, indoor commercial or outdoor residential uses for spirodiclofen. D. Cumulative Effects Spirodiclofen represents a n ew class of chemistry, ketoenol s. There are no data available to indicate that toxic effects produced by spirodiclofen are a result of a common mechanism and should be cumulated with those of any other compound. EPA has not m ade a common mechanism of toxicity finding as to spirodiclofen and any other substances and spirodiclofen does not appear to product a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. Bayer CropScience will submit information, if necessary, for EPA to consid er concerning potential cumulative effects of spirodiclofen consistent with the schedule established by EPA at 62 Federal Register 42020 (Aug. 4, 1997) and other EPA publications pursuant to the Food Quality Protection Act . E. Safety Determination 1. U.S. population. Based on the exposure assessments described above and on the completeness and reliability of the toxicity data, it can be concluded that total aggregate exposure to spirodiclofen residues in food and drinking water resulting from all label and pending uses as well as the proposed tropical fruit use s will utilize 0. 4 percent of the c PAD for chronic dietary exposures to the U.S. Population. EPA generally has no concerns for exposures below 100 percent of the c PAD, because it represents the level at or below which daily aggregate exposure over a lifetim e will not pose appreciable risks to human health. Cancer aggregate risk was calculated for the U.S. population only. The cancer risk estimat e with drinking water included i s 8.96 x 10 - 7 . Sin ce EPA considers a cancer risk to be greater than negligible when it exceeds the range of 1 -3 in a million, the estimated cancer risk for spirodiclofen is not likely to exceed the Agency’s level of concern. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the U.S. population from aggregate exposure to spirodiclofen residues. 2. Infants and children

. The Agency has concluded that there is no evidence of increased susceptibility following the in utero and/or prenatal/postnatal exposure in the developmental toxicity studies in rabbits and 2 - generation reproduction studies in rats. The results from developmental, reproduction and 2 DNT studies do not indicate a significant concern for increased susceptibility, and th erefore the FQPA safety factor has not been retained in calculating the reference dose for chronic risk.5

The most highly e xposed population subgroups are infants and children 1 - 2 years with a total aggregate (food and water) exposure to spirodiclofen from all the registered and pending uses and the proposed tropical fruit use s being 1.1% of the cPAD for chronic dietary exposures. EPA generally has no concerns for exposures below 100 percent of the c PAD, because it represents the level at or below which daily aggregate exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human health. F. International Tolerances At the July 2010 Codex meeting, the Committee decided to advance the proposed draft MRLs for adoption at Step 5/8 as follows: Commodity MRL (mg/kg) Dried grapes (= currants, sultanas, raisins) 0.3 Tree nuts 0.05 Tomato 0.5 Strawberry 2 Stone fruits 2 Po me fruits 0.8 Papaya 0.03* Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 0.01* Milks 0.004* Hops, Dry 40 Gherkins 0.07 Edibl e offal (mammalian) 0.05* Currants (red, black, white) 1 Cucumber 0.07 Citrus fruits 0.4 Coffee beans 0.03* Apple pomace, Dry 4 Almond hulls 15 Peppers, sweet (including pimento, pimiento) 0.2 Grapes 0.2