UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549





FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No. 1)







|☒ | Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
|- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016



|☐ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
|- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For the transition period from
 to

Commission File No. 001-31791





GALECTIN
THERAPEUTICS INC.







|                                                         |  |                                     
|-------------------------------------------------------- |  | ------------------------------------
|Nevada                                                   |  | 04-3562325                          
|(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)           |  | (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
|                                                         | 
|4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, GA |  | 30071                               
|(Address of Principal Executive Offices)                 |  | (Zip Code)                          

(678) 620-3186

(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



|                                         |  |                                          
|---------------------------------------- |  | -----------------------------------------
|Title of each class                      |  | Name of each exchange on which
registered
|Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share |  | The NASDAQ Capital Market                

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None





Indicate by
check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of
delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.



|                        |  |   |  |                           |  |  
|----------------------- |  | - |  | ------------------------- |  | -
|Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer         |  | ☐
|                        |  |   | 
|Non-accelerated filer   |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
|                        |  |   | 
|Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |                           |  |  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting
and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2015 was $52.7 million.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock as of April 15, 2017 was 34,659,633.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None











---

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K, or this Amendment, amends the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2016 originally filed on March 28, 2017, or the Original Filing, by Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., a Nevada corporation. We are filing this Amendment to present the information required by Part III of Form 10-K, which information was previously
omitted from the Original Filing in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.

In addition, Item 15 of Part IV has been
amended to include the currently dated certifications of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The certifications of our principal executive officer and
principal financial officer are filed with this Form 10-K/A as Exhibits 31.3 and 31.4 hereto.

Except as described above, no other changes
have been made to the Original Filing. The Original Filing continues to speak as of the date of the Original Filing, and we have not updated the disclosures contained therein to reflect any events which occurred at a date subsequent to the filing of
the Original Filing. This Form 10-K/A should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing and with our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, subsequent to the Original Filing.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to Galectin the Company,
we, us, and our refer to Galectin Therapeutics, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.



---

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The Board of Directors

Each of our
directors is elected annually and holds office until his or her successor has been elected and qualified or until the earlier of his or her death, resignation or removal. Our board of directors currently consists of ten members, all of whom were
elected at our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The following table sets forth certain biographical information about our directors,
and the qualifications, experiences and skills considered in determining that each such person should serve as a director as of April 15, 2017:



|                                  |  |     |    |  |          |                                                 |                |  |      | 
|--------------------------------- |  | --- | -- |  | -------- | ----------------------------------------------- | -------------- |  | ---- | 
|Name                              |  | Age |    |  | Position |                                                 | Director Since | 
|Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D (2) (3)   |  |     | 74 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2009 | 
|James C. Czirr (4)                |  |     | 63 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2009 | 
|Kevin D. Freeman (1)              |  |     | 56 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2011 | 
|Arthur R. Greenberg (1) (4)       |  |     | 70 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2009 | 
|John Mauldin (3)                  |  |     | 67 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2011 | 
|Steven Prelack (1)                |  |     | 59 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2003 | 
|Marc Rubin, M.D. (2) (3)          |  |     | 62 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2011 | 
|Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D. (2) |  |     | 75 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2014 | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.             |  |     | 62 |  |          | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director |                |  | 2009 | 
|Theodore Zucconi, Ph.D. (4)       |  |     | 70 |  |          | Director                                        |                |  | 2016 | 



|(1) | Member of audit committee
|--- | -------------------------

|(2) | Member of compensation committee
|--- | --------------------------------

|(3) | Member of nominating and governance committee
|--- | ---------------------------------------------

|(4) | Member of investor relations/public relations committee
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------

Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D., a
director since February 2009, began his career at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. Since January 1, 2012, Dr. Amelio has provided consulting and advisory services through GFA, LLC, a California limited liability company. He was a
Senior Partner of Sienna Ventures (a privately-held venture capital firm in Sausalito, California) from April 2001 until the fund closed per plan on December 31, 2011. Dr. Amelio was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Jazz
Technologies, Inc. (now a wholly owned subsidiary of Tower Semiconductor Ltd., an independent specialty wafer foundry) from August 2005 until his retirement in September 2008 (when he was named Chairman Emeritus). Dr. Amelio was Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer of Beneventure Capital, LLC (a full-service venture capital firm in San Francisco, California) from 1999 to 2005 and was Principal of Aircraft Ventures, LLC (a consulting firm in Newport Beach, California) from April 1997 to
December 2004. Dr. Amelio was elected a Director of AT&T in February 2001 and had previously served as an Advisory Director of AT&T (then known as SBC Communications Inc.) from April 1997 to February 2001. He served as a Director of
Pacific Telesis Group from 1995 until the company was acquired by AT&T in 1997. Prior to 1997, he served as Chairman, President and CEO of National Semiconductor (1991-1996) and Apple Computer (1996-1997). We believe Dr. Amelios
qualifications to sit on our Board of Directors includes his executive leadership and management experience, as well as his extensive experience with global companies, his financial expertise and his years of experience providing strategic advisory
services to organizations.

James C. Czirr, Chairman of the Board since February 2009 and Executive Chairman from February 2010
until January 2016, is a co-founder of l0X Fund, L.P. and is a managing member of 10X Capital Management LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P. Mr. Czirr was a co-founder of Galectin Therapeutics in July 2000. Mr. Czirr was
instrumental in the early stage development of Safe Science Inc., a developer of anti-cancer drugs; served from 2005 to 2008 as Chief Executive Officer of Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation, a developer of nano particle bio chips to determine the
cause of solid tumors; and was a consultant to Metalline Mining Company Inc., now known as Silver Bull Resources, Inc., (AMEX: SVBL), a mineral exploration company seeking to become a low-cost producer of zinc. Mr. Czirr received a B.B.A.
degree from the University of Michigan. We believe that Mr. Czirr is best situated to sit on our Board of Directors because he is the director who was a co-founder of the Company and is familiar with our business.

Kevin D. Freeman, a director since May 2011, holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is Chief Executive Officer of Cross
Consulting and Services, LLC, an investment advisory and consulting firm founded in 2004. He is also author of a New York Times best-selling book about the stock market and economy. Formerly he was Chairman of Separate Account Solutions, Inc. and
held several offices at Franklin Templeton Investment Services from 1991 to 2000. He holds a B.S. in business administration from University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma. We believe Mr. Freemans qualifications to sit on our Board of
Directors includes his extensive financial expertise and his years of experience providing financial advisory services.



1



---

Arthur R. Greenberg, a director since August 2009, has more than 40 years in the
semiconductor equipment and materials industries. He is the President, Founder and owner of Prism Technologies, Inc. since 1983, which provides professional sales and marketing services as well as business development and consulting services.
Mr. Greenberg is a member of the board of UV Tech Systems, a designer and manufacturer of equipment used to fabricate semiconductor devices. Previously, he has been a founder of several successful companies in Silicon Valley and was the first
President of SEMI, North America, a semiconductor equipment and materials industry trade association representing the interests, including public policy, of all SEMI members doing business in North America. Mr. Greenberg is also a member of the
advisory board of the Salvation Army of Santa Clara County. Mr. Greenberg received his B.S.B.A. degree in Business Administration from Henderson State University. We believe Mr. Greenbergs qualifications to sit on our Board of
Directors includes his executive leadership and management experience, as well as his extensive experience with business development.

John Mauldin, a director since May 2011, is President of Millennium Wave Advisors LLC, an investment advisory firm founded in 1999, and
a registered representative of Millennium Wave Securities, LLC, a FINRA registered broker-dealer which was founded in 2003. Previously he was Chief Executive Officer of the American Bureau of Economic Research. He has many publications on
investments and financial topics, including a New York Times bestseller and articles in the Financial Times and The Daily Reckoning, and has been a frequent guest on CNBC, Yahoo Tech Ticker and Bloomberg TV. He holds a B.A. from
Rice University and a M.Div. from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. We believe Mr. Mauldins qualifications to sit on our Board of Directors include his extensive financial management and advisory experience.

Steven Prelack, a director since April 2003, is currently Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of VetCor, which owns
and operates 133 veterinary hospitals across the country. Mr. Prelack has held that position since May 2010. Mr. Prelack is also currently a Director and Audit Committee Chair for Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a developer of Anticalin
products utilized in cancer treatment. Mr. Prelack formerly served as Director and Audit Committee Chair for BioVex from 2007 through 2009. Mr. Prelack, a Certified Public Accountant, received a B.B.A. degree from the University of
Massachusetts at Amherst in 1979 and is a member of the National Association of Corporate Directors. We believe Mr. Prelacks qualifications to sit on our Board of Directors is evidenced by his extensive executive leadership experience, as
well as his many years serving in senior financial management roles.

Marc Rubin, M.D, a director since October 2011 and
Chairman of the Board since January 2016, is Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (TTNP: OTC BB) and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2007 to January 2009. Until February 2007,
Dr. Rubin served as Head of Global Research and Development for Bayer Schering Pharma, as well as a member of the Executive Committee of Bayer Healthcare and the Board of Management of Bayer Schering Pharma. Prior to the merger of Bayer
Pharmaceuticals and Schering AG in June 2006, Dr. Rubin was a member of the Executive Board of Schering AG since joining the company in October 2003, as well as Chairman of Schering Berlin Inc. and President of Berlex Pharmaceuticals, a
division of Schering AG. From 1990 until August 2003, Dr. Rubin was employed by GlaxoSmithKline where he held positions of responsibility in global clinical and commercial development overseeing programs in the United States, Europe, Asia and
Latin America. From 2001 through 2003 at GlaxoSmithKline, he was Senior Vice President of Global Clinical Pharmacology & Discovery Medicine. Dr. Rubin holds an M.D. from Cornell University Medical College and is board certified in
internal medicine with subspecialties in medical oncology and infectious diseases. Dr. Rubin is a member of the Board of Directors of Curis Inc. (Nasdaq: CRIS) and formerly served on the Board of Directors of Medarex, Inc., now a subsidiary of
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. We believe Dr. Rubins qualifications to sit on our Board of Directors include his extensive executive leadership and management experience in the pharmaceutical industry.

Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D., a director since September 2014, served on the board of directors of Amgen Inc. for 27 years and of
Rohm & Haas Company for 22 years. He currently serves on the boards of Esperion Therapeutics Inc., and Oncofusion. Dr. Omenn is Professor of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and
Public Health and Director of the university-wide Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics at the University of Michigan where he leads major research programs in proteomics and integrative biomedical informatics. Dr. Omenn served
as executive vice president for medical affairs and as chief executive officer of the University of Michigan Health System from 1997 to 2002. Prior to this, he was the dean of the School of Public Health and Community Medicine and professor of
medicine at the University of Washington. He is the author of more than 563 research papers and scientific reviews and author/editor of 18 books. Dr. Omenn received his B.A. summa cum laude from Princeton University, M.D. magna cum laude from
Harvard Medical School, and Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Washington. We believe Dr. Omenns qualifications to sit on our Board of Directors include his extensive executive leadership and management experience in the medical
industry and his continuing cutting-edge research.



2



---

Peter G. Traber, M.D., a director since February 2009, became President and Chief
Executive Officer in March 2011, and is also our Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Traber is President Emeritus, and from 2003 to 2008 was President and Chief Executive Officer, of Baylor College of Medicine. From 2000 to 2003 he was Senior Vice
President Clinical Development and Medical Affairs and Chief Medical Officer of GlaxoSmithKline plc. Dr. Traber was the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of TerraSep, LLC, a Mountain View, CA biotechnology company. He also has
served as Chief Executive Officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, as well as Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine and Chief of Gastroenterology for the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and was named as a
director of NeoStem, Inc. (Nasdaq:NBS) in 2015. Dr. Traber received his M.D. from Wayne State School of Medicine and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan. We believe that Dr. Traber is best situated to sit on our
Board of Directors because, in addition to serving as our Chief Executive Officer and President as well as serving as our Chief Medical Officer, he brings extensive industry and company-specific experience and expertise to the Company.

Theodore Zucconi, Ph.D., served in roles of president, CEO and business development director of Galectin Therapeutics at various times
from September 2007 through May 2012. Dr. Zucconi is a senior management consultant and a member of the board of directors of PMTec Inc., a position that he has held since 2001. Dr. Zucconi has also served as President of Implementation
Edge LLC since 2002. Dr. Zucconi served as a management consultant to Los Alamos National Laboratory from May 2002 through September 2007. Dr. Zucconi received a B.S in Chemistry from Villanova University, a M.S. in Chemistry from
University of Connecticut, and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the State University of New York. We believe that Dr. Zucconi is best situated to sit on our Board of Directors because of his experience in working for the Company in the past and his
industry experience

Code of Ethics

We have adopted
a Code of Ethics that applies to all our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Ethics is publicly available on our website at www.galectintherapeutics.com. Amendments to the Code of Ethics and any grant of a waiver from a provision of the
Code of Ethics requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules will be disclosed on our website.

Director Nominations

No material changes have been made to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.

Board Determination of Director Independence

Our board of directors has reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company, either directly or
indirectly. Based upon this review, our board has determined that all of our directors other than Dr. Traber, our chief executive officer, and Mr. Czirr are independent directors as defined by The NASDAQ Stock Market. Our board
of directors also determined that Drs. Amelio, Rubin and Mr. Mauldin, who comprise our nominating and governance committee, all satisfy the independence standards for such committees established by the SEC and the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules,
as applicable. With respect to our audit committee, our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Prelack, Greenberg and Freeman satisfy the independence standards for such committee established by Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, the SEC and
the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, as applicable. With respect to our compensation committee, our board of directors has determined that Drs. Omenn, Amelio and Rubin satisfy the independence standards for such committee established by Rule 10C-1 under
the Exchange Act, the SEC and the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, as applicable.

In making such determinations, the board of directors
considered the relationships that each such non-employee director or director nominee has with our company and all other facts and circumstances the board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial
ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. In considering the independence of our directors, our board of directors considered the association of each such non-employee director has with us and all other facts and circumstances
our board of directors deemed relevant in determining independence.

Audit Committee

The members of this committee are Steven Prelack (chair), Arthur Greenberg and Kevin D. Freeman. The Audit Committee is responsible for
oversight of the quality and integrity of the accounting, auditing and reporting practices of Galectin Therapeutics. More specifically, it assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to (i) the quality
and integrity of our financial statements, reports and related information provided to stockholders, regulators and others, (ii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (iii) the qualifications, independence and performance
of our independent registered public accounting firm, (iv) the internal control over financial reporting that management and the Board have established, and (v) the audit, accounting and financial reporting processes generally. The
Committee is also responsible for review and approval of related-party transactions. The Board has determined that Mr. Prelack is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC rules. The Audit Committee has the
authority to obtain advice and assistance from, and receive appropriate funding from the Company for, outside legal, accounting or other advisors as it deems necessary to carry out its duties.



3



---

Risk Management

The Board has an active role, as a whole and also at the committee level, in overseeing management of our risks. The Board regularly reviews
information regarding our credit, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The Compensation Committee of our Board is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and
arrangements. The Audit Committee of our Board oversees management of financial risks. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board manages risks associated with the independence of the Board members and potential conflicts of
interest. While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the entire Board of Directors is regularly informed through committee reports about such risks. We believe that any risks arising
from our policies and programs are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Our programs reflect sound risk management practices including:



| |  |  | Use of multiple compensation vehicles that provide a balance of long- and short-term incentives with fixed and variable components; and
| | - |  | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| |  |  | Equity incentive awards tied directly to appreciation of our stock price.
| | - |  | -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Executive officers, key
employees and key consultants:

Peter G. Traber, MD.,Chief Executive Officer and President (see Board of Directors)

Harold Shlevin, Ph.D., age 67, became our Chief Operating Officer and Secretary on October 1, 2012. Dr. Shlevin previously
had been employed at the Georgia Institute of Technologys Advanced Technology Development Center as Principle and Manager of bioscience commercialization efforts since November 2009, where he has assisted faculty in identifying technology
worthy of commercialization, catalyzed formation of new start-up bioscience companies, and mentored new company management. From October 2008 to November 2009, he served as Head of Operations and Commercial Development for Altea Therapeutics
Corporation, an advanced drug delivery company focused on the delivery of therapeutic levels of water-soluble biotherapeutics and small drugs through the skin. At Altea, he was responsible for pharmaceutical research and development, clinical
research, regulatory affairs, engineering, clinical and commercial manufacturing, quality assurance, information technology, facility operations and finance. From July 2006 to September 2008, Dr. Shlevin served as the President and Chief
Executive Officer of Tikvah Therapeutics, Inc., a start-up pharmaceutical enterprise focused on later-stage development of neuroscience therapeutics. From May 2000 to January 2006, he served as President and CEO of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(US). In January 2006, he was promoted to a global senior Vice President role within Solvay Pharmaceuticals, SA and member of the Board of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, SA.

Jack W. Callicutt, age 50, became our Chief Financial Officer on July 1, 2013. From August 2012 through June 2013,
Mr. Callicutt was the Chief Financial Officer of REACH Health, Inc., a telemedicine technology company headquartered in Alpharetta, GA. From April 2010 through August 2012, Mr. Callicutt was the Chief Financial Officer of Vystar
Corporation, a publicly-traded company that holds proprietary technology to remove antigenic proteins from natural rubber latex. Prior to that Mr. Callicutt was Chief Financial Officer of IVOX, Inc., Tikvah Therapeutics and Corautus Genetics, a
publicly-traded biotechnology company which was developing gene therapy for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Mr. Callicutt previously spent more than fourteen years in public accounting, most recently as a senior manager at Deloitte, where
he specialized in technology companies from 1989 to 2003. Mr. Callicutt is a Certified Public Accountant and graduated with honors from Delta State University with a B.B.A. in accounting and computer information systems.

J. Rex Horton, age 47, became the Companys Executive Director of Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance in January 2013.
Mr. Horton most recently was Director of Regulatory Affairs at Chelsea Therapeutics, where he successfully led the organization through its first NDA filing and favorable FDA Advisory Committee Meeting. In past leadership roles at Solvay
Pharmaceuticals and Abbott Laboratories, he led approval efforts for key products including Androgel® Stickpack, Creon® Capsules and
Luvox® CR Capsules. He has also provided chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) regulatory leadership and support of INDs and NDAs, including Estrogel® and Androgel® Pump. Mr. Horton was a member of the executive leadership team that successfully implemented solutions to significant
regulatory issues encountered by Solvay in its interactions with the FDA. Mr. Horton earned his Bachelors degree in industrial/manufacturing & systems engineering from The Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the
Regulatory Affairs Professional Society (RAPS), Drug Information Association (DIA) and American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS).

Adam E. Allgood, Pharm.D., R.Ph,age 52, became our Executive Director of Clinical Development on June 29, 2015. Dr. Allgood
was most recently associate director of global pharmaceutical regulatory affairs at UCB Inc., a multinational biopharmaceutical company, from October 2011 to May 2015. His prior positions include leadership roles at Abbott Laboratories from February
2009 to September 2011 in regulatory affairs and Solvay Pharmaceuticals from January 1988 to January 2009 in clinical development and medical affairs, spanning a variety of therapeutic areas including gastroenterology, immunology, rheumatology,
neurology, and womens health. Dr. Allgood earned his Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree summa cum laude from Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Atlanta and is a Registered Pharmacist (R.Ph.). He is a member of
the American Pharmacists Association (APHA), the Georgia Pharmacy Association (GPHA), and the Association of the United States Army (AUSA).



4



---

Eliezer Zomer, Ph.D., age 70, has been our Executive Vice President of Manufacturing and
Product Development since the Companys inception in 2000. Prior to joining our Company, Dr. Zomer had been the founder of Alicon Biological Control, where he served from November 2000 to July 2002. From December 1998 to July 2000,
Dr. Zomer served as Vice President of Product Development at SafeScience, Inc. and Vice President of Research and Development at Charm Sciences, Inc. from June 1987 to November 1998. Dr. Zomer received a B. Sc. degree in industrial
microbiology from the University of Tel Aviv in 1972, a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Massachusetts in 1978, and undertook a post-doctoral study at the National Institute of Health.

None of the directors, executive officers and key employees share any familial relationship.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers and directors, and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of our
common stock, to file reports of ownership and changes of ownership of such securities with the SEC. Based solely on our review of the copies of these reports received by us and on information provided by the reporting persons, we believe that,
during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, our directors, officers and owners of more than 10% of our common stock complied with all applicable filing requirements except as set forth below:

On October 24, 2016, each of 10X Fund, L.P. and 10X Capital Management, LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P., filing jointly, and
James C. Czirr, the managing member of 10X Capital Management, LLC, filing separately, reported on Forms 4 (i) the acquisition by 10X Fund, L.P. of 80,212 shares of common stock on June 30, 2016 (amended on Forms 4 filed on January 9,
2017, to correctly report the acquisition of 124,524 shares of common stock), (ii) the acquisition by 10X Fund, L.P. of 84,589 shares of common stock on September 9, 2016, and (iii) the disposition by 10X Fund, L.P. of 229,383 shares
of common stock on October 13, 2016. Each of the above transactions should have been reported on Form 4 within two business days of the respective transactions. Additionally, on Mr. Czirrs Form 4 filed on October 24, 2016,
Mr. Czirr reported the acquisition of 1,000 shares of common stock, directly by Mr. Czirr, on September 30, 2016, which should have been reported on Form 4 within two business days of the such acquisition.

On November 15, 2016, each of 10X Fund, L.P. and 10X Capital Management, LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P., filing jointly, and
James C. Czirr, the managing member of 10X Capital Management, LLC, filing separately, reported on Forms 4 (i) the disposition by 10X Fund, L.P. of 9,663 shares of common stock on November 10, 2016, and (ii) a separate disposition by
10X Fund, L.P. of 17,096 shares of common stock on November 10, 2016. Each of the above transactions should have been reported on Form 4 within two business days of the respective transactions.

On January 9, 2017, each of 10X Fund, L.P. and 10X Capital Management, LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P., filing jointly, and
James C. Czirr, the managing member of 10X Capital Management, LLC, filing separately, reported on Forms 4 the acquisitions by 10X Fund, L.P. on December 23, 2016 of each of the following (i) 1,008,000 shares of Series B-3 Convertible
Preferred Stock on December 23, 2016, (ii) a Series B-3 Warrant to purchase 672,747 shares of common stock, (iii) a Lock-Up Warrant to purchase 168,033 shares of common stock and (iv) a Lock-Up Warrant to purchase 84,000 shares
of common stock. Each of the above transactions should have been reported on Form 4 within two business days of the acquisition date.

On
February 1, 2017, each of 10X Fund, L.P. and 10X Capital Management, LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P., filing jointly, and James C. Czirr, the managing member of 10X Capital Management, LLC, filing separately, reported on Forms 4 the
acquisition by 10X Fund, L.P. of 211,876 shares of common stock on December 31, 2016. Such transaction should have been reported on Form 4 within two business days of such acquisition.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The Compensation Committee is responsible for creating and reviewing the compensation of the Companys
executive officers, as well as overseeing the Companys compensation and benefit plans and policies and administering the Companys equity incentive plans. The following CD&A describes our 2016 executive compensation program and
explains the Companys compensation philosophy, policies, and practices, focusing primarily on the compensation of our named executive officers, or NEOs. This CD&A is intended to be read in conjunction with the tables that follow, which
provide detailed historical compensation information for our following NEOs:



|                         |  |                                                
|------------------------ |  | -----------------------------------------------
|Name                     |  | Title                                          
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  | Chief Operating Officer                        
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  | Chief Financial Officer                        



5



---

Compensation Philosophy

The Company believes in providing a competitive total compensation package to its executives through a combination of base salary, annual
performance bonuses, and long-term equity awards. The executive compensation program is designed to achieve the following objectives:



| |  |  | provide competitive compensation that will help attract, retain and reward qualified executives;
| | - |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| |  |  | align executives interests with our success by making a portion of the executives compensation dependent upon corporate performance; and
| | - |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| |  |  | align executives interests with the interests of stockholders by including long-term equity incentives.
| | - |  | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Compensation Committee believes that the Companys executive compensation program should include annual and long-term components,
including cash and equity-based compensation, and should reward consistent performance that meets or exceeds expectations. The Compensation Committee evaluates both performance and compensation to make sure that the compensation provided to
executives remains competitive relative to compensation paid by companies of similar size and stage of development operating in the life sciences industry and taking into account the Companys relative performance and its own strategic
objectives.

Executive Compensation Review and Design

The Company has historically conducted a review of the aggregate level of its executive compensation, as well as the mix of elements used to
compensate its NEOs. The Company has based this review primarily on the experience of the members of the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors, many of whom sit on the boards of directors of, or have previously advised, numerous
companies, including companies in the life sciences industry.

At our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders approximately 91% of our
outstanding common stock voting on the matter voted in favor of the compensation of our NEOs, as disclosed in the proxy materials for the 2016 Annual Meeting. At our 2013 Annual Meeting, the holders of approximately 62% of our outstanding common
stock voting on the matter voted in favor of holding the stockholder advisory vote every three years. As a result of such vote, the Board of Directors decided to hold the Say-on-Pay advisory vote every three years. Accordingly, the
Companys next Say-on-Pay advisory vote on the compensation of our NEOs will be held at our 2019 Annual Meeting.

In 2014
and 2015, the Compensation Committee undertook a review of our compensation policies and practices and retained the compensation consulting firm of Barney & Barney LLC to provide compensation information and analysis with respect to the
life science and healthcare industry and with respect to our peer companies within the industry. Barney & Barney LLC reviewed information from industry and other sources, surveys and databases, including publicly-available compensation
information of other companies with which we compete, to gauge the competitiveness of our compensation programs. Barney & Barney LLC then reported its findings to the Compensation Committee, with recommendations to bring the Companys
executive compensation closer to the 50th percentile of the total compensation of our competitor companies. These findings continued to inform the Compensation Committees decisions on
compensation in 2016.

The Compensation Committee plans to use a compensation consultant in the future and to take into account
publicly-available data relating to the compensation practices and policies of other companies within and outside our industry. For 2016 and future years, the Compensation Committee intends to benchmark its executive compensation program to target
the 50th percentile of the total compensation programs of our competitor companies.

Elements of
Executive Compensation

The compensation program for the Companys NEOs consists principally of three components:



| |  |  | base salary;
| | - |  | ------------



| |  |  | annual performance bonuses; and
| | - |  | -------------------------------



| |  |  | long-term compensation in the form of equity-based awards.
| | - |  | ----------------------------------------------------------

Base Salary

Base salary is the only fixed-pay component in our executive compensation program. Base salaries for the NEOs are initially established through
arms-length negotiation at the time the NEO is hired, taking into account such NEOs qualifications, experience, prior salary, the scope of his or her responsibilities, and known competitive market compensation paid by other companies for
similar positions within the industry. Base salaries are reviewed annually and adjusted from time to time to realign salaries with market levels after taking into account individual responsibilities, performance, and experience. In making decisions
regarding salary increases, the Company may also draw upon the experience of members of the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors, many of whom sit on the boards of directors of, or have previously advised, numerous companies, including
companies in the life sciences industry. The Compensation Committee has not previously applied specific formulas to determine increases. This strategy is consistent with the Companys intent of offering base salaries that are cost-effective
while remaining competitive.



6



---

In February 2016, the Compensation Committee reviewed the base salaries of our NEOs, taking into
account the considerations described above. As expressed in the following table, the Compensation Committee approved salary increases for Messrs. Traber, Czirr, Shlevin and Callicutt:



|                         |  |                  |         |  |                  |   |         | 
|------------------------ |  | ---------------- | ------- |  | ---------------- | - | ------- | 
|Name                     |  | 2015 Base Salary |         |  | 2016 Base Salary |  
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  | $                | 500,000 |  |                  | $ | 512,500 | 
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  | $                | 250,000 |  |                  | $ | 260,000 | 
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  | $                | 240,000 |  |                  | $ | 260,000 | 

For 2017, the Compensation Committee made no adjustments to the base salaries of our NEOs.

Annual Performance Bonuses

In
addition to the payment of base salaries, the Company believes that annual performance bonuses can play an important role in providing appropriate incentives to its NEOs to achieve the Companys strategic objectives.

Employee Short-Term and Long-Term Incentive Program

In 2013, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee and approval by the Board of Directors, the Employee Short-Term and Long-Term
Incentive Program (the Program) was adopted for executives and employees of the Company. The Program is a performance-based program and was adopted in recognition of the importance of aligning executive and employee interests with that
of our stockholders. Our Program is designed to reward the efforts of our executives and employees and to be competitive in attracting and retaining them. There are two elements of the Program: (1) a short-term incentive in the form of cash
bonuses and (2) a long-term incentive in the form of stock option grants. The cash bonus incentive is targeted to be up to 20% to 40% of the NEOs base salary as of the end of the applicable year. Half of each NEOs annual performance
bonus is based upon achievement of the Companys documented performance objectives for the year and the other half is based upon achievement of individual performance objectives set for the year. The Chief Executive Officer may offer input to
the Compensation Committee as to whether certain Company performance and individual performance objectives (other than the Chief Executive Officers) have been achieved. The Compensation Committee also has the discretion to adjust (upward or
downward) individual annual performance bonuses by up to 25%.

For 2016, the Compensation Committee set six Company performance objectives
under the Program for 2016 annual performance bonuses to be payable:



| | (1) | Establish human proof of concept for GR-MD-02 treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis and/or cirrhosis.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (2) | Establish human proof of concept for use of galectin inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy for cancer and moderate to severe advanced plaque psoriasis.
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (3) | Establish sustainable program for GR-MD-02 manufacturing and controls.
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (4) | Establish appropriate quality assurance and quality control oversight and strengthen regulatory support.
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (5) | Strengthen and expand pipeline and indications for galectin blocking drugs.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (6) | Strengthen business practices, financial resources, investor communication and strategic partnerships.
| | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*For more information about GR-MD-02 and our drug development program please see Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ending December 31, 2016.

The 2016 individual performance objectives for each NEO were:



|                         |  |                                                                                                                                                          
|------------------------ |  | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Name                     |  | Individual Performance Goals                                                                                                                             
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  |        multiple individual objectives intended to
measure contributions toward successful achievement of each Company performance objective.            
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  |        multiple individual objectives intended to
measure contributions toward successful achievement of each Company performance objective.            
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  |        maintaining appropriate financial, reporting
and risk management reporting and controls; and support financing and investor relations activities.



7



---

The following table represents each NEOs annual performance bonus target opportunity for
2016 (based on base salary as of the end of 2015):



|                         |  |          |    |   |           |  |    |  
|------------------------ |  | -------- | -- | - | --------- |  | -- | -
|Name                     |  | Target % |    |   | Maximum % | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  |          | 50 | % |           |  | 75 | %
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  |          | 30 | % |           |  | 55 | %
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  |          | 30 | % |           |  | 55 | %

For the 2016 performance year, the Compensation Committee awarded the NEOs the following annual performance
bonuses paid in February 2017 based on its determination that all Company performance objectives and individual performance objectives were achieved and certain objectives were even exceeded. However, despite excellent performance on objectives, in
view of the overall poor performance of the Companys share price, the Compensation Committee, acting in its discretion, decided to reduce bonus payments by 20% across the board.



|                         |  |                                |         |  |                                   |  |      |  
|------------------------ |  | ------------------------------ | ------- |  | --------------------------------- |  | ---- | -
|Name                     |  | Annual PerformanceBonus Amount |         |  | Awarded AmountAs % of Base Salary | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  | $                              | 160,877 |  |                                   |  | 31.4 | %
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  | $                              | 50,920  |  |                                   |  | 19.6 | %
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  | $                              | 54,172  |  |                                   |  | 20.8 | %

Annual performance bonuses under the Program are not designed to meet the performance-based
compensation exception under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). However, in the past, our NEOs compensation has not been high enough to make the Code Section 162(m) limit a
critical issue for the Company. Deductibility under Code Section 162(m) is only one consideration in determining executive compensation.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation

The Company believes that by providing its NEOs the opportunity to increase their ownership of Company stock, the interests of its NEOs will be
more closely-aligned with the best interests of the Companys stockholders and it will encourage long-term performance. The stock awards enable the NEOs to participate in the appreciation in the value of the Companys stock, while
personally participating in the risks of business setbacks.

Under the long-term incentive portion of the Program, the NEOs are granted
options based upon achievement of the Company performance and individual performance objectives and rank in the Company. All option grants under the Program have been made under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan.

On December 3, 2016, the NEOs were awarded the following options based on 2016 performance. 25% of the options vest immediately upon
grant, 25% vest on July 1, 2017 and 50% vest on December 31, 2017. The exercise price of the options is set at the closing price of our stock as of the grant date.



|                         |  |            |           |  |                                        |  |         |                |  |   |      | 
|------------------------ |  | ---------- | --------- |  | -------------------------------------- |  | ------- | -------------- |  | - | ---- | 
|Name                     |  | Grant Date |           |  | Number of SecuritiesUnderlying Options |  |         | Exercise Price | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  |            | 12/3/2016 |  |                                        |  | 220,000 |                |  | $ | 0.87 | 
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  |            | 12/3/2016 |  |                                        |  | 150,000 |                |  | $ | 0.87 | 
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  |            | 12/3/2016 |  |                                        |  | 150,000 |                |  | $ | 0.87 | 

Stock options granted under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan meet the performance-based
compensation exception under Code Section 162(m). However, in the past, our NEOs compensation has not been high enough to make the Code Section 162(m) limit a critical issue for the Company. Deductibility under Code
Section 162(m) is only one consideration in determining executive compensation.

Material Terms of Employment Contracts of Named Executive
Officers

Set forth below are descriptions of the principal terms of the employment agreements for each of our NEOs. Each
employment agreement provides for post-termination restrictive covenants and payments due upon termination of employment or change in control of the Company, which is provided in further detail under the section entitled Potential Payments
Upon Termination or Change in Control.



8



---

Peter G. Traber, M.D., Chief Executive Officer and President

On May 26, 2011, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Traber for a three-year term beginning March 17, 2011, which
shall continue for up to two one-year additional terms unless either party provides at least 6 months prior notice that the employment shall not continue. The first successive one-year renewal term of the agreement commenced on
March 19, 2014 and the second successive one-year renewal term commenced on March 19, 2015. The agreement provided for an annual salary during the initial year in the amount of $195,000, which was to be adjusted beginning the second year
based on industry surveys of executive compensation in comparable companies, but not to be less than $300,000. As part of our annual review of compensation for our executive officers, we increased Dr. Trabers base salary to $485,000,
effective March 1, 2014 and to $500,000, effective March 1, 2015. Dr. Traber is also entitled to participate in incentive, retirement, profit-sharing, life, medical, disability and other plans generally available to our senior
executives at our expense.

As contemplated by the agreement, on May 26, 2011, our Board of Directors granted Dr. Traber 125,000
fully-vested options exercisable for 10 years at $7.50 per share. In addition, the agreement (i) accelerated the vesting 100,000 warrants that we granted to Dr. Traber in consideration for his service to the Company as Chief Medical
Officer on a consultant basis prior his becoming an executive officer, (ii) amended our prior grant of 833,334 options to include a cashless exercise provision, and (iii) limited the number of vested options under Dr. Trabers
prior grants to a maximum of 833,334 at any one time. The agreement requires us to register the offer and sale of the shares underlying such options and warrants. Dr. Traber also agreed not to sell any securities of the Company until after his
obligation to report transactions in our securities has expired.

On May 6, 2016, the Company amended and restated restated
Dr. Trabers employment agreement, extending Dr. Trabers employment for an initial three-year term. Upon expiration of that term, the employment agreement provides that Dr. Trabers employment with the Company will
continue indefinitely for additional one-year terms unless either party provides at least three months notice that the employment will not continue beyond the end of the then current term. The restated employment agreement provides for an
initial annual salary in the amount of $512,500 effective as of May 6, 2016, which may be adjusted by the Board in subsequent years based on annual industry surveys of executive compensation in comparable companies. In addition to his salary,
Dr. Traber is entitled to (i) an annual performance bonus (which, upon achieving target performance, would equal 50% of his base salary for the applicable year), (ii) an annual equity or equity-based grant in a form and amount
determined by the Board, (iii) participate in incentive, retirement, profit-sharing, life, medical, disability and other plans generally available to senior executives of the Company, (iv) up to four weeks vacation, (v) $2,000,000
life insurance coverage and long-term disability insurance at the Companys expense, and (vi) coverage under certain liability insurance policies maintained by the Company.

If his employment is terminated (i) by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement), or (ii) by
Dr. Traber for Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement), the Employment Agreement provides that, subject to his execution of a release of claims against the Company, Dr. Traber will receive (A) severance benefits equal to
one year of his then current base salary (paid over time, but subject to Dr. Trabers ability to request a lump-sum payment if such election does not otherwise violate Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
Code)), (B) any bonus for the year prior to termination to the extent not otherwise paid prior to such termination, (C) a prorated bonus for the year of termination, (D) COBRA coverage at a reduced premium (or a cash
payment in lieu of such reduced-cost coverage) for the two-year period following termination, (E) immediate vesting of all unvested options held by Dr. Traber at the time of his termination, and (F) an extension of the
post-termination exercise period of all of his options until the date such options would have otherwise expired if he remained employed by the Company. Further, the restated employment agreement provides that, in the event Dr. Traber becomes
eligible to receive compensation that would be subject to an excise tax pursuant to Code Section 4999, then, to the extent it would leave Dr. Traber in a better net after-tax position, such payments will be reduced to the extent necessary
to avoid said excise tax.

Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D., Chief Operating Officer

We entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Dr. Shlevin on December 11, 2014. The agreement provides for an
initial term from December 11, 2014 through December 31, 2015, and automatically renews for additional one-year periods, unless otherwise terminated by either party. In accordance with the terms of the Agreement, Dr. Shlevin will
receive a base salary of $230,000 per year beginning in 2015 and will receive an annual performance bonus based on attainment of one or more pre-established individual and/or Company performance goals established by the Compensation Committee.
Effective March 31, 2015, Dr. Shlevins annual base salary was increased to $250,000 and was increased again to $260,000 in February 2016. Dr. Shlevins target performance bonus opportunity in a given year may not be less
than 30% of his base salary in such year.

On June 15, 2016, the Company entered into a Retention Bonus Letter Agreements with
Dr. Shlevin, Ph.D. The Agreement provides that the Company will pay Dr. Shlevin $40,000 if he is still employed by the Company on March 1, 2017 or if he is terminated without Cause or resigns for Good Reason
prior to March 1, 2017. This retention bonus was paid on March 1, 2017.



9



---

Jack W. Callicutt, Chief Financial Officer

We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Callicutt dated July 1, 2013, in conjunction with Mr. Callicutts
appointment as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr. Callicutt received an initial base salary of $175,000 and is eligible to receive a performance bonus equal to 20% of his base salary. Effective
March 31, 2015, Mr. Callicutts annual base salary was increased to $240,000, and his annual base salary was increased again to $260,000 in February 2016. He also received a signing bonus of $10,000. In addition to his cash
compensation, the Company awarded Mr. Callicutt a grant of options to purchase 200,000 shares of the Companys common stock at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Companys common stock on July 1, 2013, with
25,000 shares vesting on December 31, 2013, 50,000 shares vesting on December 31, 2014, 50,000 shares vesting on December 31, 2015 and 75,000 shares vesting on December 31, 2016. The options were granted pursuant to the 2009
Incentive Compensation Plan and expire ten years after the date of grant.

On June 15, 2016, the Company entered into a Retention
Bonus Letter Agreements with Mr. Callicutt. The Agreement provides that the Company will pay Mr. Callicutt $50,000 if he is still employed by the Company on March 1, 2017 or if he is terminated without Cause or resigns for
Good Reason prior to March 1, 2017. This retention bonus was paid on March 1, 2017.

Employee Benefits & Perquisites

From time to time, the Company has provided the NEOs with employee benefits and perquisites that the Board of Directors believes
are reasonable. Our NEOs are eligible to participate in the same broad-based employee benefit plans that are offered to our other employees, such as health insurance, disability insurance, life insurance and a 401(k) plan. These benefits are
provided as part of the basic conditions of employment for all of our employees, and therefore providing them to our NEOs does not represent a significant incremental cost to us. The Company does not view employee benefits and perquisites as a
significant element of its comprehensive compensation structure, but does believe they can be useful in attracting, motivating, and retaining the executive talent for which the Company competes. The Company believes that these additional benefits
may assist the NEOs in performing their duties and provide time efficiencies for the NEOs in appropriate circumstances, and the Company may consider providing additional employee benefits and perquisites in the future. All future practices regarding
employee benefits and perquisites will be approved and subject to periodic review by the Compensation Committee.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT

The following report is not deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed with the SEC or subject to the
SECs proxy rules or the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and the report shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any prior or subsequent filing by us under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Exchange Act.

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis included
in this filing. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Amendment to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2016.



COMPENSATION COMMITTEEGilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D., Chairman
Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D. Marc Rubin, M.D.


SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table summarizes the compensation paid to our Named Executive Officers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, 2014
and 2013.



|                                    |  |      |      |  |           |  |         |              |  |  |                     |  |  |                          |           |  |           |  |        |      |  |  |           | 
|----------------------------------- |  | ---- | ---- |  | --------- |  | ------- | ------------ |  |  | ------------------- |  |  | ------------------------ | --------- |  | --------- |  | ------ | ---- |  |  | --------- | 
|Name and Principal Position         |  | Year |      |  | Salary($) |  |         | Bonus($) (1) |  |  | OptionAwards ($)(2) |  |  | All OtherCompensation($) |           |  | Total ($) | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.               |  |      | 2016 |  |           |  | 512,500 |              |  |  | 160,877             |  |  |                          | 288,136   |  |           |  | 60,567 | (3)  |  |  | 1,531,660 | 
|Chief Executive Officer & President |  |      | 2015 |  |           |  | 500,000 |              |  |  | 210,000             |  |  |                          | 373,018   |  |           |  | 54,976 | (4)  |  |  | 1,137,994 | 
|                                    |  |      | 2014 |  |           |  | 485,000 |              |  |  | 213,400             |  |  |                          | 1,512,150 |  |           |  | 41,502 | (5)  |  |  | 2,252,052 | 
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D.,           |  |      | 2016 |  |           |  | 260,000 |              |  |  | 50,920              |  |  |                          | 140,587   |  |           |  | 48,118 | (6)  |  |  | 499,625   | 
|Chief Operating Officer             |  |      | 2015 |  |           |  | 250,000 |              |  |  | 66,000              |  |  |                          | 105,781   |  |           |  | 40,362 | (7)  |  |  | 462,143   | 
|                                    |  |      | 2014 |  |           |  | 230,000 |              |  |  | 77,625              |  |  |                          | 428,819   |  |           |  | 35,304 | (8)  |  |  | 771,748   | 
|Jack W. Callicutt,                  |  |      | 2016 |  |           |  | 260,000 |              |  |  | 54,172              |  |  |                          | 140,587   |  |           |  | 49,097 | (9)  |  |  | 503,856   | 
|Chief Financial Officer             |  |      | 2015 |  |           |  | 240,000 |              |  |  | 69,120              |  |  |                          | 72,377    |  |           |  | 44,419 | (10) |  |  | 425,916   | 
|                                    |  |      | 2014 |  |           |  | 175,000 |              |  |  | 38,500              |  |  |                          | 293,402   |  |           |  | 38,812 | (11) |  |  | 545,714   | 



10



---



|(1) | Bonuses for 2016 were paid in February 2017. Bonuses for 2015 were paid in January 2016. Bonuses for 2014 were paid in February 2015.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of option awards made during 2016, 2015 and 2014 computed in accordance with the Stock Compensation Topic of the FASB ASC, as modified of supplemented. Fair value was
calculated using the Black-Scholes options pricing model. For a description of the assumptions used to determine these amounts, see Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal years
ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | Includes $49,967 for health and other insurance and $10,600 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(4) | Includes $44,376 for health and other insurance and $10,600 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(5) | Includes $31,102 for health and other insurance and $10,400 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(6) | Includes $39,994 for health and other insurance and $8,124 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(7) | Includes $32,297 for health and other insurance and $8,065 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(8) | Includes $27,536 for health and other insurance and $7,768 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(9) | Includes $40,972 for health and other insurance and $8,125 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(10) | Includes $35,002 for health and other insurance and $9,417 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|---- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(11) | Includes $31,016 for health and other insurance and $7,796 for 401(k) plan contributions.
|---- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Employment
Agreements with our Named Executive Officers

Peter G. Traber, MD

Dr. Trabers prior employment agreement provided that he shall receive severance equal to one year of his then base salary paid in
installments over a period of twelve months, two years medical coverage, and immediate vesting of all unvested warrants and options if his employment is terminated (i) by the Company without cause, (ii) by Dr. Traber
for good reason, or (iii) following a change in control (as each term is defined in the Agreement). If Dr. Trabers employment is terminated for cause, as defined in the agreement, subject to
cure rights in certain instances, he is not entitled to severance.

The agreement provided that during its term
Dr. Traber shall not engage in any business competitive with the Company, and thereafter he shall not (i) accept for 12 months business from of our customers or accounts relating to competing products or services of the
Company, or (ii) render services for 6 months to any competing organization (as such terms are defined in the employment agreement). The employment agreement also contains provisions binding on Dr. Traber with respect to
(i) protection of our confidential information; (ii) requirements to disclose and assign inventions or other intellectual property to the Company; (iii) non-solicitation of our executives, or persons with whom we have a business
relationship such as investors, suppliers and customers; and (iv) advance review and approval of all writings he proposes to publish.

On May 6, 2016, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Dr. Traber. Under his restated employment
agreement, if his employment is terminated (i) by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement), or (ii) by Dr. Traber for Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement), subject to his execution of a
release of claims against the Company, Dr. Traber will receive (A) severance benefits equal to one year of his then current base salary (paid over time, but subject to Dr. Trabers ability to request a lump-sum payment if such
election does not otherwise violate Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amend (the Code)), (B) any bonus for the year prior to termination to the extent not otherwise paid prior to such termination, (C) a
prorated bonus for the year of termination, (D) COBRA coverage at a reduced premium (or a cash payment in lieu of such reduced-cost coverage) for the two-year period following termination, (E) immediate vesting of all unvested options held
by Dr. Traber at the time of his termination, and (F) an extension of the post-termination exercise period of all of his options until the date such options would have otherwise expired if he remained employed by the Company.

The restated employment agreement provides that during its term Dr. Traber will not engage in any business competitive with the Company,
whether as employee, consultant, agent, principal, officer, director, shareholder or otherwise. Following employment, the restated employment agreement provides that Dr. Traber will not (i) accept business from the Companys customers
or accounts relating to competing products or services of the Company for a period of 12 months, or (ii) render services to any competing organization (as such quoted terms are defined in the Employment Agreement) for a
period of six months. The restated employment agreement also contains provisions binding Dr. Traber with respect to (A) protection of the Companys confidential information; (B) requirements to disclose and assign inventions or
other intellectual property to the Company; (C) non-solicitation of the Companys executives, or persons with whom the Company has a business relationship such as investors, suppliers and customers; and (D) advance review and approval
of all writings he proposes to publish.



11



---

Harold H. Shlevin , PhD

Dr. Shlevins employment agreement provides that he shall receive severance equal to nine months of his then base salary paid in a
lump sum, medical coverage for the remaining portion of the term of his agreement and a lump sum payment of a portion of the performance bonus for the then-current year based on the number of days elapsed in the year if his employment is terminated
(i) by the Company without cause, (ii) by Dr. Shlevin for good reason, or (iii) following a change of control (as defined in his agreement). If his employment is terminated for
cause, subject to cure rights in certain instances, he is not entitled to severance. If the agreement is terminated within 12 months after a change of control by the Company without cause, or by Dr. Shlevin
for good reason, Dr. Shlevin is entitled to receive severance equal to 24 months salary paid in a lump sum, medical coverage for the remaining portion of the term of his agreement and immediate vesting of all unvested options.

The agreement provides that during its term Dr. Shlevin shall not engage in any business competitive with the Company. Following
termination of employment, Dr. Shlevin shall not, for 18 months (i) solicit customers or employees of the Company or (ii) render services to any competing business (as defined in the agreement). The agreement also contains
provisions binding on Dr. Shlevin with respect to protection of our confidential information.

The agreement provides that during its
term Dr. Shlevin shall not engage in any business competitive with the Company. Following termination of employment, Dr. Shlevin shall not, for 18 months (i) solicit customers or employees of the Company or (ii) render services
to any competing business (as defined in the agreement). The agreement also contains provisions binding on Dr. Shlevin with respect to protection of our confidential information.

Jack W. Callicutt

Mr. Callicutts employment agreement provides that, if his employment is terminated by the Company without cause,
or by Mr. Callicutt for good reason, (as such terms are defined in his agreement) he shall receive severance equal to: 3 months base salary if such termination occurred within 12 months of July 1, 2013 (the
Commencement Date); 6 months base salary if such termination occurred between 12 and 18 months after the Commencement Date; 9 months base salary if such termination occurs between 18 months and 24 months after the
Commencement Date, plus, in each case, a portion of the performance bonus for the then-current year based on the number of days elapsed in the year. If his employment is terminated for cause, subject to cure rights in certain
instances, he is not entitled to severance. If the agreement is terminated within 12 months after a change of control by the Company without cause, or by Mr. Callicutt for good reason, Mr. Callicutt shall
receive severance equal to 12 months base salary, a portion of the performance bonus for the then-current year based on the number of days elapsed in the year and immediate vesting of all unvested options.

The agreement provides that during its term Mr. Callicutt shall not engage in any business competitive with the Company. Following
termination of employment, Mr. Callicutt shall not, for 18 months (i) solicit customers or employees of the Company or (ii) render services to any competing business (as defined in the agreement). The agreement also
contains provisions binding on Mr. Callicutt with respect to protection of our confidential information.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or
Change in Control

This section describes the limited benefits that would be provided to our NEOs under our executive compensation
plans, including the employment agreements with the NEOs, as described above, upon a change of control of the Company or following termination of employment (provided, in some cases further described below, the termination must be a separation
from service as defined in Code Section 409A).



12



---

The following table sets forth the potential benefits payable to our NEOs pursuant to the
arrangements described above, assuming termination of employment or a change of control had occurred on December 31, 2016.



|                                                                          |  |                      |         |  |                         |   |         |                  |  |   |         | 
|------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | -------------------- | ------- |  | ----------------------- | - | ------- | ---------------- |  | - | ------- | 
|Benefit/Plan/Program                                                      |  | Peter G. Traber,M.D. |         |  | Harold H.Shlevin, Ph.D. |   |         | Jack W.Callicutt | 
|Options (1)                                                               |  | $                    | 18,150  |  |                         | $ | 12,375  |                  |  | $ | 12,375  | 
|Employment Agreement Change of Control Severance (2)                      |  | $                    | 673,377 |  |                         | $ | 310,920 |                  |  | $ | 314,172 | 
|Employment Agreement Termination Severance (3)                            |  | $                    | 673,377 |  |                         | $ | 310,920 |                  |  | $ | 314,172 | 
|Total value upon a change of control (4)                                  |  | $                    | 691,527 |  |                         | $ | 323,295 |                  |  | $ | 326,547 | 
|Total value upon termination of employment due to death or disability (5) |  | $                    | 0       |  |                         | $ | 0       |                  |  | $ | 0       | 



|(1) | Amounts represent the potential value of unvested stock options held by the NEOs under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan that would have vested upon a change of control or upon
termination of employment by reason of death or disability on December 31, 2016, based on a price of $0.98 per share, the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2016.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Represents the amount of the severance and bonus payments that would have been payable to each participant upon a change of control on December 31, 2016.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | Represents the amount of the severance and bonus payments that would have been payable to each participant upon a termination of employment by the Company without cause or by the executive for good
reason.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(4) | Reflects the sum of (1) the value of accelerated vesting of options; (2) the value of shares of common stock received upon partial vesting of unvested performance shares; and (3) severance and bonus
payments that would have been payable to each participant upon a change of control, in each case as of December 31, 2016.
|--- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(5) | Reflects the amounts payable under the executives employment agreement as a result of termination of employment due to death or disability as of December 31, 2016.
|--- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS IN 2016



|                         |  |              |            |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         |         |  |   |      |      |  |   |         |         |    
|------------------------ |  | ------------ | ---------- | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | --------------------------------------------------------- | - | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | ------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | ------------------------------------------ |  |  | ------------------------------------------- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ------- | ------- |  | - | ---- | ---- |  | - | ------- | ------- | ---
|Name                     |  | GrantDate    |            |     | Estimated Possible PayoutsUnder Non-Equity IncentivePlan Awards |  |  | Estimated Future PayoutsUnder Equity IncentivePlan Awards |   |         | All OtherStockAwards:Numberof Sharesof Stockor Units(#) |  |  | All OtherOptionAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingOptions(#) |  |  | Exercise orBase Priceof OptionAwards($/Sh) |  |  | GrantDate FairValue ofStock andOptionAwards | 
|                         |  | Threshold($) |            |     | Target($)                                                       |  |  | Maximum($)                                                |   |         | Threshold(#)                                            |  |  | Target(#)                                                     |  |  | Maximum(#)                                 |  |  |                                             |  | 
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  |              | 01/20/2016 | (1) |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         | 134,000 |  |   | $    | 1.37 |  |   | $       | 140,293 | (2)
|                         |  | 12/03/2016   | (1)        |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 220,000 |         |  | $ | 0.87 |      |  | $ | 147,843 | (2)    
|                         |  |             |            |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           | $ | 250,000 | (3)                                                     |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         |         |  |   |      |      |  |   |         |        
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  |              | 01/20/2016 | (1) |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         | 38,000  |  |   | $    | 1.37 |  |   | $       | 39,785  | (2)
|                         |  | 12/03/2016   | (1)        |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150,000 |         |  | $ | 0.87 |      |  | $ | 100,802 | (2)    
|                         |  |             |            |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           | $ | 75,000  | (3)                                                     |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         |         |  |   |      |      |  |   |         |        
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  |              | 01/20/2016 | (1) |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         | 38,000  |  |   | $    | 1.37 |  |   | $       | 39,785  | (2)
|                         |  | 12/03/2016   | (1)        |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           |   |         |                                                         |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150,000 |         |  | $ | 0.87 |      |  | $ | 100,802 | (2)    
|                         |  |             |            |     |                                                                 |  |  |                                                           | $ | 72,000  | (3)                                                     |  |  |                                                               |  |  |                                            |  |  |                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |         |         |  |   |      |      |  |   |         |        



|(1) | Grants of stock options under our 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan in accordance with the Program. Grants made on January 20, 2016 were awarded based upon 2015 performance and were reported as compensation in 2015.
Grants made on December 3, 2016 were awarded based upon 2016 performance.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Represents the grant date fair value of option awards based upon the Black Scholes valuation model made in 2016. For a description of the assumptions used to determine these amounts, see footnote 7 to the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | Represents the target amount for the 2016 annual performance bonus awards in accordance with the Program.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



13



---

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END 2016

The following table sets forth information regarding all outstanding equity awards held by the NEOs at December 31, 2016. The exercise
price of the options is set at the closing price of our stock at the date prior to or as of the date of grant. Outstanding options have been approved by our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors.



|                         |  |                                                               |         |     |                                                                 |       |         |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  |                      |       |  |                                                      |            |            |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|------------------------ |  | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | ---------------------- |  |  | -------------------- | ----- |  | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - | 
|                         |  | Option Awards                                                 |         |     | Stock Awards                                                    |      
|Name                     |  | Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions(#)Exercisable |         |     | Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions(#)Unexercisable |       |         | EquityIncentivePlan Awards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions(#) |  |  | OptionExercisePrice($) |  |  | OptionExpirationDate |       |  | Numberof Sharesor Unitsof StockThatHave NotVested(#) |            |            | MarketValue ofSharesor Unitsof StockThatHave NotVested($) |  |  | EquityIncentivePlan Awards:Number ofUnearnedShares,Units orOther RightsThat
HaveNot Vested(#) |  |  | EquityIncentivePlan Awards:Marketor PayoutValue ofUnearnedShares, Unitsor OtherRights ThatHave
NotVested($) |  
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.    |  |                                                               | 833,335 | (1) |                                                                 |       |        |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 6.96  |  |                                                      |            | 03/07/2021 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                              |  |  |                                                                                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|                         |  | 83,334                                                        | (2)     |     |                                                                 |      |         |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  | 7.56                 |       |  |                                                      | 05/26/2021 |            |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  
|                         |  | 420,000                                                       | (3)     |     |                                                                 |      |         |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  | 2.08                 |       |  |                                                      | 05/23/2022 |            |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  
|                         |  | 131,209                                                       | (4)     |     |                                                                 | 2,791 | (4)     |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  | 13.38                |       |  |                                                      | 01/21/2024 |            |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  
|                         |  |                                                               | 97,711  | (5) |                                                                 |       | 36,289  | (5)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 3.45  |  |                                                      |            | 01/29/2025 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 64,212  | (8) |                                                                 |       | 69,788  | (8)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 1.37  |  |                                                      |            | 01/20/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 55,000  | (9) |                                                                 |       | 165,000 | (9)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 0.87  |  |                                                      |            | 12/03/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               |         |     |                                                                 |       |         |                                                                                       | 
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. |  |                                                               | 150,000 | (6) |                                                                 |       |        |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 2.32  |  |                                                      |            | 08/27/2022 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                              |  |  |                                                                                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|                         |  | 37,209                                                        | (4)     |     |                                                                 | 791   | (4)     |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  | 13.38                |       |  |                                                      | 01/21/2024 |            |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  
|                         |  |                                                               | 27,711  | (5) |                                                                 |       | 10,289  | (5)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 3.45  |  |                                                      |            | 01/29/2025 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 18,212  | (8) |                                                                 |       | 19,788  | (8)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 1.37  |  |                                                      |            | 01/20/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 37,500  | (9) |                                                                 |       | 112,500 | (9)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 0.87  |  |                                                      |            | 12/03/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               |         |     |                                                                 |       |         |                                                                                       | 
|Jack W. Callicutt        |  |                                                               | 200,000 | (7) |                                                                 |       |        |                                                                                       |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 4.41  |  |                                                      |            | 07/01/2023 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                              |  |  |                                                                                                             |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 25,459  | (4) |                                                                 |       | 541     | (4)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 13.38 |  |                                                      |            | 01/21/2024 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 18,961  | (5) |                                                                 |       | 7,039   | (5)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 3.45  |  |                                                      |            | 01/29/2025 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 18,212  | (8) |                                                                 |       | 19,788  | (8)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 1.37  |  |                                                      |            | 01/20/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 
|                         |  |                                                               | 37,500  | (9) |                                                                 |       | 112,500 | (9)                                                                                   |  |  |                        |  |  |                      | 0.87  |  |                                                      |            | 12/03/2026 |                                                           |  |  |                                                                                               |  |  |                                                                                                             |   |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |   | 



|(1) | 125,000 options vested on March 7, 2011, the grant date, 104,667 options vested on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date, 83,333 options vested on each of the third and fourth anniversaries
of the grant date and 166,667 options vested on the fifth anniversary of the grant date. The remaining 166,667 options vested upon the achievement of certain milestones. With respect to options that vest on anniversaries, exercise rights are
accelerated upon achievement of certain milestones.
|--- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | 100% of these options vested on May 26, 2011, the grant date.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | 120,000 options vested on May 23, 2012, the grant date, 100,000 vested on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(4) | 25% of the options vested on January 21, 2014, the grant date with the remainder vesting ratably on a monthly basis over a three year period.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(5) | 25% of the options vested on January 29, 2015, the grant date, with the remainder vesting ratably on a monthly basis over a three year period.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(6) | 50,000 options vested on August 27, 2012, the grant date, 50,000 options vested on December 31, 2012, 75,000 vested on December 31, 2013 and 75,000 options vested on December 31, 2014. 100,000
options were exercised in 2013.
|--- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(7) | These options were granted on July 1, 2013. 25,000 options vested on December 31, 2013, 50,000 options vested on December 31, 2014, 50,000 vested on December 31, 2015 and 75,000 options vested on
December 31, 2016.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(8) | 25% of the options vested on January 20, 2016, the grant date, with the remainder vesting ratably on a monthly basis over a three year period.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(9) | 25% of the options vested on December 3, 2016, the grant date, 25% vest on July 1, 2017, and 50% vest on December 31, 2017.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



14



---

OPTION EXERCISES IN 2016

There were no exercises of stock options by the NEOs during the 2016 fiscal year.

Pension Benefits

None of our NEOs are
covered by a pension plan or similar benefit plan that provides for payment or other benefits at, following, or in connection with retirement.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

None
of our NEOs are covered by a deferred contribution or other plan that provides for the deferral of compensation on a basis that is not tax-qualified.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following
table details the total compensation earned by our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2016. See Executive Compensation for a description of compensation for Dr. Traber.



|                              |  |                               |        |  |                          |  |   |                    |  |  |                                         |  |  |                             |   |  |          |  |   |  |  |  |         | 
|----------------------------- |  | ----------------------------- | ------ |  | ------------------------ |  | - | ------------------ |  |  | --------------------------------------- |  |  | --------------------------- | - |  | -------- |  | - |  |  |  | ------- | 
|Name                          |  | Fees Earnedor Paid inCash ($) |        |  | RestrictedStockAwards($) |  |   | OptionAwards($)(1) |  |  | Non-EquityIncentive PlanCompensation($) |  |  | All OtherCompensation($)(2) |   |  | Total($) | 
|Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D.      |  |                               | 47,000 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 28,685                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 75,685  | 
|James C. Czirr                |  |                               | 35,729 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 21,600                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 57,329  | 
|Kevin D. Freeman              |  |                               | 42,500 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 21,600                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 64,100  | 
|Arthur R. Greenberg           |  |                               | 46,000 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 21,600                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 67,600  | 
|John Mauldin                  |  |                               | 38,500 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 21,600                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 60,100  | 
|Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D. |  |                               | 45,000 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 28,685                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 73,685  | 
|Steven Prelack                |  |                               | 50,000 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 28,685                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 78,685  | 
|Marc Rubin, M.D.              |  |                               | 75,146 |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 35,597                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 110,743 | 
|Theodore Zucconi, Ph.D.       |  |                               | 1,604  |  |                          |  |  |                    |  |  | 21,600                                  |  |  |                             |  |  |          |  |  |  |  |  | 23,204  | 



|(1) | Represents the grant date fair value of option awards based upon the Black Scholes valuation model made in 2016. Options were granted on December 15, 2016 and will vest in full at the date of the 2017 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders. For a description of the assumptions used to determine these amounts, see footnote 7 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Excludes travel expense reimbursements.
|--- | ---------------------------------------



|                              |  |                                                                   |         | 
|----------------------------- |  | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | 
|Name                          |  | Number ofShares Subjectto OptionAwards Held as ofDecember 31,2016 |        
|Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D.      |  |                                                                   | 41,500  | 
|James C. Czirr                |  |                                                                   | 653,250 | 
|Kevin D. Freeman              |  |                                                                   | 47,964  | 
|Arthur R. Greenberg           |  |                                                                   | 34,449  | 
|John Mauldin                  |  |                                                                   | 56,439  | 
|Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D. |  |                                                                   | 41,500  | 
|Steven Prelack                |  |                                                                   | 41,500  | 
|Marc Rubin, M.D.              |  |                                                                   | 51,500  | 
|Theodore Zucconi, Ph.D.       |  |                                                                   | 31,250  | 
|                              |  |                                                                   |         | 
|TOTAL                         |  |                                                                   | 999,352 | 
|                              |  |                                                                   |         | 

For a more detailed description of the assumptions used for purposes of determining grant date fair value, see
Note 7 to the Financial Statements and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates  Stock-Based Compensation included in the Form 10-K
for the 2016 fiscal year.

We also reimburse our directors for reasonable travel and other related expenses.

The Companys cash compensation program for directors was implemented in March 2015, non-employee directors of the Company will receive
an annual cash retainer of $35,000. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee member will receive an additional cash retainer of $3,500; each Compensation Committee member will receive an additional cash retainer of



15



---

$5,000, and each Audit Committee member will receive an additional cash retainer of $7,500. In addition to the annual fee and committee membership retainers, the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee Chairman will receive an annual cash retainer of $7,000; the Compensation Committee Chairman will receive an annual cash retainer of $10,000; and the Audit Committee Chairman will receive an annual cash retainer of $15,000. The
Board Chairman will receive an additional annual cash retainer of $35,000. Additionally, in December 2016, the Board approved cash retainers of $3,500 to be paid to each member of the Boards investor relation/public relations committee and an
additional cash retainer of $3,500 to be paid to the investor relations/public relations committee chair, in each case beginning in 2017.

On December 15, 2016, stock option grants were made to non-employee directors which vest 100% at the date of the 2017 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders. The Chairman was granted 51,500 stock options, the chairs of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee were each granted 41,500 stock options and remaining non-employee
directors were each granted 31,250 stock options.

Compensation Committee Interlocks And Insider Participation

None of our executive officers or directors serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one
or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.

Item 12. Security Ownership Of Certain
Beneficial Owners And Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth, as of April 15, 2017, certain
information concerning the beneficial ownership of our common stock, Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock by (i) each person known by us to own beneficially five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of each
class, (ii) each of our directors and named executive officers, and (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group. The table also sets forth, in its final column, the combined voting power of the voting securities on all
matters presented to the stockholders for their approval at the annual meeting, except for such separate class votes as are required by law.

The number of shares beneficially owned by each 5% stockholder, director or executive officer is determined under the rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under those rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual or entity has sole or shared
voting power or investment power and also any shares that the individual or entity has the right to acquire within 60 days after April 15, 2017 through the exercise of any stock option, warrant or other right, or the conversion of any security.
Unless otherwise indicated, each person or entity has sole voting and investment power (or shares such power with his or her spouse) with respect to the shares set forth in the following table. The inclusion in the table below of any shares deemed
beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership of those shares.



|                                             |  |                                          |            |      |                          |  |      |                                                  |  |  |                                     |      |  |                                                     |      |   |                                  |  |           |                                                     |  |  |                                  |   |  |  |    |  |  |  |      |  
|-------------------------------------------- |  | ---------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---- | ------------------------ |  | ---- | ------------------------------------------------ |  |  | ----------------------------------- | ---- |  | --------------------------------------------------- | ---- | - | -------------------------------- |  | --------- | --------------------------------------------------- |  |  | -------------------------------- | - |  |  | -- |  |  |  | ---- | -
|Name and Address(1)                          |  | Shares ofCommonStockBeneficiallyOwned(2) |            |      | Percent ofCommonStock(3) |  |      | Shares ofSeries APreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned |  |  | Percent ofSeries APreferredStock(4) |      |  | Shares ofSeries BPreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned(5) |      |   | Percent ofSeries BPreferredStock |  |           | Shares ofSeries CPreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned(6) |  |  | Percent ofSeries CPreferredStock |  
|5% Stockholders                              |  |                                          |            |      |                          |  |      |                                                  |  |  |                                     |      |  |                                                     |      |   |                                  |  |           |                                                     |  |  |                                  |   |  |  |    |  |  |  |      |  
|James C. Czirr                               |  |                                          | 15,322,149 | (7)  |                          |  | 33.6 | %                                                |  |  | 100,000                             |      |  |                                                     | 7.3  | % |                                  |  | 5,508,000 |                                                     |  |  | 100                              | % |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|10X Fund, L.P. (8)                           |  |                                          | 13,794,852 | (9)  |                          |  | 30.7 | %                                                |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  | 5,508,000 |                                                     |  |  | 100                              | % |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Richard Uihlein(10)                          |  |                                          | 4,079,446  | (11) |                          |  | 11.2 | %                                                |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 28.4 | %
|David Smith (12)                             |  |                                          |           |      |                          |  |     |                                                  |  |  | 175,000                             |      |  |                                                     | 12.7 | % |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Fivex LLC (13)                               |  |                                          |           |      |                          |  |     |                                                  |  |  | 100,000                             | (10) |  |                                                     | 7.3  | % |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|                                             |  |                                          |            |      |                          |  |      |                                                 
|Directors and Other Named Executive Officers |  |                                          |            |      |                          |  |      |                                                  |  |  |                                     |      |  |                                                     |      |   |                                  |  |           |                                                     |  |  |                                  |   |  |  |    |  |  |  |      |  
|James C. Czirr                               |  |                                          | 15,322,149 | (7)  |                          |  | 33.6 | %                                                |  |  | 100,000                             |      |  |                                                     | 7.3  | % |                                  |  | 5,508,000 |                                                     |  |  | 100                              | % |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Gilbert F. Amelio, Ph.D.                     |  |                                          | 119,961    |      |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Kevin Freeman                                |  |                                          | 174,417    | (14) |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Arthur R. Greenberg                          |  |                                          | 117,920    |      |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|John Mauldin                                 |  |                                          | 42,550     |      |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |      |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Gilbert S. Omenn, M.D., Ph.D.                |  |                                          | 73,894     |      |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  | 50,000                              |      |  |                                                     | 3.6  | % |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  



16



---

|                                                             |  |                                          |            |  |                          |  |      |                                                  |  |  |                                     |  |  |                                                     |      |   |                                  |  |           |                                                     |  |  |                                  |   |  |  |    |  |  |  |      |  
|------------------------------------------------------------ |  | ---------------------------------------- | ---------- |  | ------------------------ |  | ---- | ------------------------------------------------ |  |  | ----------------------------------- |  |  | --------------------------------------------------- | ---- | - | -------------------------------- |  | --------- | --------------------------------------------------- |  |  | -------------------------------- | - |  |  | -- |  |  |  | ---- | -
|Name and Address(1)                                          |  | Shares ofCommonStockBeneficiallyOwned(2) |            |  | Percent ofCommonStock(3) |  |      | Shares ofSeries APreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned |  |  | Percent ofSeries APreferredStock(4) |  |  | Shares ofSeries BPreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned(5) |      |   | Percent ofSeries BPreferredStock |  |           | Shares ofSeries CPreferredStockBeneficiallyOwned(6) |  |  | Percent ofSeries CPreferredStock |  
|Steven Prelack                                               |  |                                          | 107,189    |  |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Marc Rubin, M.D.                                             |  |                                          | 48,581     |  |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Theodore Zucconi, Ph.D.                                      |  |                                          |            |  |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Peter G. Traber, M.D.                                        |  |                                          | 1,822,841  |  |                          |  | 5.0  | %                                                |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D.                                     |  |                                          | 333,252    |  |                          |  | 1.0  | %                                                |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|Jack W. Callicutt                                            |  |                                          | 308,598    |  |                          |  | *    |                                                  |  |  |                                    |  |  |                                                     |     |   |                                  |  |          |                                                     |  |  |                                 |   |  |  |   |  |  |  |     |  
|All executive officers and directors as a group (11 persons) |  |                                          | 47,892,389 |  |                          |  | 38.6 | %                                                |  |  | 150,000                             |  |  |                                                     | 10.9 | % |                                  |  | 5,508,000 |                                                     |  |  | 100                              | % |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 28.4 | %



|* | Less than 1%.
|- | -------------

|(1) | Except as otherwise indicated, the address for each named person is c/o Galectin Therapeutics Inc., 4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, GA 30071.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Includes the following number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options granted to our named executive officers and directors that are exercisable within 60 days after
April 15, 2017.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



|                                                |  |                                    |           | 
|----------------------------------------------- |  | ---------------------------------- | --------- | 
|Directors and Named Executive Officers          |  | Options Exercisable Within 60 Days |          
|Jim C. Czirr                                    |  |                                    | 622,000   | 
|Kevin Freeman                                   |  |                                    | 16,714    | 
|Arthur R. Greenberg                             |  |                                    | 8,475     | 
|Peter Traber, M.D.                              |  |                                    | 1,715,507 | 
|Harold Shlevin, Ph.D.                           |  |                                    | 279,338   | 
|Jack Callicutt                                  |  |                                    | 307,338   | 
|                                                |  |                                    |           | 
|All executive officers and directors as a group |  |                                    | 2,949,372 | 
|                                                |  |                                    |           | 



|(3) | For each named person and group included in this table, percentage ownership of our common stock is calculated by dividing the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such person or group by the sum
of (i) 34,659,633 shares of our common stock outstanding as of April 15, 2017 and (ii) the number of shares of our common stock that such person has the right to acquire within 60 days after April 15, 2017.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(4) | Based on 1,377,500 shares of Series A preferred stock outstanding as of April 15, 2017.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(5) | Includes 900,000 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock, 2,100,000 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock and 2,508,000 shares of Series B-3 preferred stock outstanding as of April 15, 2017.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(6) | Based on 176 shares of Series C preferred stock outstanding as of April 15, 2017.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(7) | Includes (i) 600,000 common shares issuable upon conversion of 900,000 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock, (ii) 1,400,000 common shares issuable upon conversion of 2,100,000 shares of Series B-2 preferred
stock; (iii) 1,789,346 common shares issuable upon conversion of 2,508,000 shares of Series B-3 preferred stock; (iv) 6,469,038 common shares issuable upon exercise of warrants; (v) 2,000,000 shares of common stock acquired upon
exercise of warrants; and (vi) 2,054,570 common shares issued as stock dividends paid on the Series B preferred stock less 518,102 shares sold or distributed to limited partners, as to which Mr. Czirr, in his capacity as a managing member
of 10X Capital Management Fund, LLC, a Florida limited liability company and general partner of 10X Fund (referred to herein as 10X Management) has shared voting and investment power, and disclaims beneficial ownership; also includes 16,667 shares
of our common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock owned by Mr. Czirr.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(8) | Contact: c/o 10X Capital Management, LLC 1099 Forest Lake Terrace, Niceville, FL 32578.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(9) | Includes (i) 600,000 common shares issuable upon conversion of 900,000 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock, (ii) 1,400,000 common shares issuable upon conversion of 2,100,000 shares of Series B-2 preferred
stock; (iii) 1,789,346 common shares issuable upon conversion of 2,508,000 shares of Series B-3 preferred stock; (iv) 6,469,038 common shares issuable upon exercise of warrants; (v) 2,000,000 shares of common stock acquired upon
exercise of warrants; and (vi) 2,054,570 common shares issued as stock dividends paid on the Series B preferred stock less 518,102 shares sold or distributed to limited partners, as to which Mr. Czirr, in his capacity as a managing member
of 10X Capital Management Fund, LLC, a Florida limited liability company and general partner of 10X Fund (referred to herein as 10X Management) has shared voting and investment power, and disclaims beneficial ownership, of these securities.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(10) | Contact: c/o Richard Uihlein, 12575 Uline Drive, Pleasant Prairie, WI, 53158.
|---- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------



17



---

|(11) | Includes (i) 2,509,909 shares of common shares, (ii) 1,466,204 common shares issuable upon exercise of warrants, (iii) 83,333 common shares issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock, and (iv) 20,000
common shares owned by Ed Uihlein Family Foundation as to which Mr. Richard Uihlein in his capacity as president and director shares voting and investment power and disclaims beneficial ownership.
|---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(12) | Contact: c/o David Smith 34 Shorehaven Road E., Norwalk, CT 06855.
|---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------

|(13) | Mr. Smith is the manager of Fivex LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company, and may be deemed to have voting and investment control over, but disclaims beneficial ownership of, the shares of Series A preferred
stock.
|---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(14) | Includes 130,600 shares of the Companys common stock managed by Cross Consulting and Services, LLC, a Texas limited liability company, d/b/a Freeman Global Investment Counsel. Mr. Freeman, in his capacity as
CEO of Freeman Global Investment Counsel, has voting and investment control over, but disclaims beneficial ownership of, these shares.
|---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2016 about the securities issued, or authorized for future issuance, under
our equity compensation plans, consisting of our 2001 Stock Incentive Plan, our 2003 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan, and our 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan.



|                                                               |  |                                                                     |           |  |                                                     |   |      |                                                                                                                                       |  |  |     | 
|-------------------------------------------------------------- |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- |  | --------------------------------------------------- | - | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | --- | 
|Plan Category                                                  |  | Number of Securitiesto be issued uponexercise ofoutstanding options |           |  | Weighted-averageexercise price ofoutstandingoptions |   |      | Number of securitiesremaining available forfuture issuance underequity compensationplans (excludingsecurities
reflected incolumn (a)) | 
|Equity compensation plans approved by security holders         |  |                                                                     | 3,240,219 |  |                                                     | $ | 3.11 |                                                                                                                                       |  |  | 166 | 
|Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (1) |  |                                                                     | 1,416,669 |  |                                                     | $ | 7.02 |                                                                                                                                       |  |  |    | 
|                                                               |  |                                                                     |           |  |                                                     |   |      |                                                                                                                                       |  |  |     | 
|Total                                                          |  |                                                                     | 4,656,888 |  |                                                     | $ | 4.30 |                                                                                                                                       |  |  | 166 | 



|(1) | Represents grants by the Board of Directors for stock options granted to employees and consultants that are outside of the stockholder approved compensation plans. The shares underlying these grants are not registered
upon exercise and have six month holding restrictions under Rule 144 of the SEC.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions

Except as set forth below, since the beginning of fiscal year 2016, we did not participate in any transactions in which
any of the director nominees, Class B directors, executive officers, any beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of our stock, nor any of their immediate family members, had a direct or indirect material interest.

On September 22, 2016, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the B-3 Agreement) pursuant to which it
agreed to issue and sell to 10X Fund LP, a holder of more than 5% of our issued and outstanding common stock and 100% of our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock: (i) 1,500,000 shares its Series B-3 convertible preferred stock (Series B-3
preferred stock or Series B-3) with an aggregate stated value and proceeds of $1,500,000 and convertible into 892,349 shares of common stock, and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 669,262 shares of common stock. Also, pursuant
to agreements signed on September 22, 2016 with 10X Fund LP, the Company issued 875,000 warrants to purchase common stock in exchange in exchange for the 10X Fund LP agreeing not to sell any shares of common or preferred stock in the Company
for 18 months, except in limited circumstances. Additionally, as previously agreed to by the 10X Fund LP, the sole holder of the Companys Series B-1, Series B-2 and Series B-3 preferred stock (collectively, with the Series B-1 and Series B-2,
the Series B), in the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B preferred stock we removed the ability of the holders of the Series B to cause a redemption of their shares
of Series B. On December 23, 2016, the Company and 10X Fund LP amended the B-3 Agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue and sell to 10X Fund LP an additional (i) 1,008,000 shares of its B-3 preferred stock with an aggregate stated
value and proceeds of $1,008,000 and convertible into 896,997 shares of common stock, and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 924,780 shares of common stock. As noted above, Jim C. Czirr, one of our directors, is managing member of 10X Capital
Management LLC, the general partner of 10X Fund, L.P.

Additionally, On December 22, 2016, the Company entered into a Subscription
Agreement with Richard Uihlein, a holder of more than 5% of our issued and outstanding common stock and more than 5% of our outstanding Series C Preferred Stock. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the Company issued 1,954,939 shares of Common
Stock and Common Stock Warrants to purchase 1,466,204 shares of Common Stock in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000. The price for a unit of one share of Common Stock and a Common Stock Warrants to acquire 0.75 for each share of
Common Stock was equal to the most recent closing price of a share of the Companys common stock plus $0.09375. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, the Company agreed that



18



---

within 90 days of a final closing of its offering of Common Stock it will register for resale the shares of Common Stock sold to Mr. Uihlein as well as the shares of Common Stock issuable
upon exercise of warrants. Each Common Stock Warrant is exercisable at $5.00 per share of Common Stock at any time after the date that is six months after issuance until the seventh anniversary of the respective issue date.

Our Audit Committee Charter requires that members of the Audit Committee, all of whom are independent directors, conduct an appropriate review
of, and be responsible for the oversight of, all related party transactions on an ongoing basis. There were no related party transactions in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The Company selected Cherry Bekaert LLP as the companys independent accounting firm in August 2015 replacing McGladrey LLP.

FEES PAID TO CHERRY BEKAERT LLP



|                       |  |                 |         | 
|---------------------- |  | --------------- | ------- | 
|                       |  | Fiscal Year2016 |        
|Audit Fees (1)         |  | $               | 119,000 | 
|Audit-Related Fees (3) |  |                 | 18,000  | 
|Tax Fees               |  |                 | 15,000  | 
|Subtotal               |  |                 |        | 
|All Other Fees         |  |                 |        | 
|                       |  |                 |         | 
|Total Fees             |  | $               | 152,000 | 
|                       |  |                 |         | 



|                       |  |                 |         | 
|---------------------- |  | --------------- | ------- | 
|                       |  | Fiscal Year2015 |        
|Audit Fees (2)         |  | $               | 107,000 | 
|Audit-Related Fees (3) |  |                 | 10,000  | 
|Tax Fees               |  |                 | 13,000  | 
|Subtotal               |  |                 |        | 
|All Other Fees         |  |                 |        | 
|                       |  |                 |         | 
|Total Fees             |  | $               | 130,000 | 
|                       |  |                 |         | 



|(1) | Audit Fees. These are fees for professional services for the audit of our annual financial statements dated December 31, 2016 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and review of financial
statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for 2016.
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | Audit Fees. These are fees for professional services for the audit of our annual financial statements dated December 31, 2015 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and review of financial
statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. McGladrey LLP performed the reviews of our financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015. Fees paid to McGladrey LLP for the first two quarters of 2015 were $28,000 and are not included in the table.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | Audit-Related Fees. These are fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements, including financial disclosures made
in our equity finance documentation and registration statements filed with the SEC that incorporate financial statements and the auditors report thereon and reviewed with our Audit Committee on financial accounting/reporting standards.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of non-core audit services to Galectin Therapeutics by Cherry
Bekaert LLP is compatible with maintaining independence.



19



---

Pre-Approval Policy and Procedures

The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors has adopted policies and procedures which set forth the manner in which the Committee will review
and approve all services to be provided by the independent auditor before the auditor is retained to provide such services. The policy requires Audit Committee pre-approval of the terms and fees of the annual audit services engagement, as well as
any changes in terms and fees resulting from changes in audit scope or other items. The Audit Committee also pre-approves, on an annual basis, other audit services, and audit-related and tax services set forth in the policy, subject to estimated fee
levels, on a project basis and aggregate annual basis, which have been pre-approved by the Committee.

All other services performed by the
auditor that are not prohibited non-audit services under SEC or other regulatory authority rules must be separately pre-approved by the Audit Committee. Amounts in excess of pre-approved limits for audit services, audit-related services and tax
services require separate pre-approval of the Audit Committee.

Our Chief Financial Officer reports quarterly to the Audit Committee on
the status of pre-approved services, including projected fees. All of the services reflected in the above table were approved by the Audit Committee.



20



---

PART IV

Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules



| | (a)    1. | Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules
| | --------- | ------------------------------------------

The Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as
part of this report.



| | 2. | Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules
| | -- | ------------------------------------------

All schedules are omitted because of the absence
of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.



| | 3. | Exhibits
| | -- | --------



|               |  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
|-------------- |  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Exhibit
Number |  | Description of Document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
|               | 
|3.1            |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 30, 2012.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
|               | 
|3.2            |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Galectin Therapeutics Inc., as amended (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 27, 2016.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
|               | 
|3.3            |  | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A 12% Convertible Preferred Stock of Pro Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on October 5, 2007.
(Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on October 9, 2007.)                                                                                                                     
|               | 
|3.4            |  | Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-3 Convertible Preferred Stock of Galectin
Therapeutics, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on September 22, 2016. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 27, 2016.)
|               | 
|3.5            |  | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Common Stock (Class W) of Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada on February 13, 2017. (Incorporated by
reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 17, 2017.)                                                                                                                                 
|               | 
|3.6            |  | Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitation of Series C Super Dividend Convertible Preferred Stock of Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on December 30, 2010.
(Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 6, 2011.)                                                                                                                   
|               | 
|3.7            |  | Certificate of Change as filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on March 1, 2012. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on March 23, 2012.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           



21



---

|               |  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
|-------------- |  | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Exhibit
Number |  | Description of Document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
|               | 
|4.1            |  | Form of Class A-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18, 2009.)                                                                                                                        
|               | 
|4.2            |  | Form of Class A-2 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18, 2009.)                                                                                                                        
|               | 
|4.3            |  | Form of Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18, 2009.)                                                                                                                          
|               | 
|4.4            |  | Amended Form of Class A-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 27, 2011.)                                                                                                              
|               | 
|4.5            |  | Amended Form of Class A-2 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 27, 2011.)                                                                                                              
|               | 
|4.6            |  | Amended Form of Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 27, 2011.)                                                                                                                
|               | 
|4.7            |  | Form of Warrant Agreement between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer and Trust Company, as warrant agent (including form of warrant certificate) (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report
on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on March 23, 2012.)
|               | 
|4.8            |  | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on November 20, 2015.)                                                                                                                               
|               | 
|4.9            |  | Form of Class B-3 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 27, 2016.)                                                                                                                       
|               | 
|4.10           |  | Form of Lock-Up Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 27, 2016.)                                                                                                                         
|               | 
|4.11           |  | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on December 29, 2016.)                                                                                                                               
|               | 
|10.1          |  | Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2001 Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 filed with the Commission on November 14,
2001.)                                                                     
|               | 
|10.2          |  | Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2003 Non-employee Director Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-8, as filed with the Commission on October 22, 2003.)                                                                                  
|               | 
|10.3          |  | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (under the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2004 as filed with the Commission
on November 19, 2004.)                                          
|               | 
|10.4          |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (under the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2004 as filed with the
Commission on November 19, 2004.)                                      
|               | 
|10.5          |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (under the 2003 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2004 as
filed with the Commission on November 19, 2004.)                
|               | 
|10.6           |  | Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on February 15, 2008.)                                                                                                                              
|               | 
|10.7           |  | Promissory Note dated February 12, 2009 issued by Pro Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in favor of 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18,
2009.)                                                                 
|               | 
|10.8           |  | Security Agreement dated February 12, 2009 between Pro Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18,
2009.)                                                                        



22



---

|               |  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
|-------------- |  | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Exhibit
Number |  | Description of Document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
|               | 
|10.9           |  | Escrow Agreement dated February 12, 2009 among Pro Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10X Fund, L.P. and Investment Law Group of Gillett, Mottern & Walker, LLP, as Escrow Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18, 2009.)
|               | 
|10.10          |  | Registration Rights Agreement dated February 12, 2009 between Pro Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
February 18, 2009.)                                                           
|               | 
|10.11         |  | Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 18, 2009.)                                                                                                          
|               | 
|10.12         |  | Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement (under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Commission on March 30, 2009.)                                                                               
|               | 
|10.13         |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Grant Agreement (under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Commission on March 30,
2009.)                                                                     
|               | 
|10.14         |  | Form of Incentive Stock Option Grant Agreement (under the 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan). (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Commission on March 30, 2009.)                                                                         
|               | 
|10.15          |  | Agreement with the 10X Fund L.P., dated February 11, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on February 17, 2010.)                                                                                                        
|               | 
|10.16         |  | Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 3, 2010 issued to Peter Traber. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 13, 2010.)                                                                                       
|               | 
|10.17          |  | Letter Agreement Between 10X Fund, L.P. and Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 13, 2010.)                                                                                            
|               | 
|10.18          |  | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement for Series C Super Dividend Convertible Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 6,
2011.)                                                                       
|               | 
|10.19          |  | Agreement dated January 21, 2011, between Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and 10X Fund L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on January 27, 2011.)                                                                              
|               | 
|10.20         |  | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement dated March 7, 2011 (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on March 9, 2011.)                                                                                                              



23



---

|              |  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
|------------- |  | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|ExhibitNumber |  | Description of Document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
|              | 
|10.21        |  | Employment Agreement dated March 31, 2011 between Eli Zomer and Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on April 6,
2011.)                                                                                                 
|              | 
|10.22         |  | Agreement dated April 22, 2011, between Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on April 28,
2011.)                                                                                                
|              | 
|10.23        |  | Employment Agreement dated May 6, 2016 between Peter Traber, and Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on May 10,
2016.)                                                                                             
|              | 
|10.24        |  | Employment Agreement dated June 28, 2011 between James C. Czirr, and Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on July 5,
2011.)                                                                                            
|              | 
|10.25        |  | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Peter G. Traber, M.D. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on August 15, 2011.)                                                                                                                          
|              | 
|10.26        |  | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for James C. Czirr (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on August 15,
2011.)                                                                                                                                 
|              | 
|10.27        |  | Independent Consulting Agreement dated April 30, 2012, between Scott L. Friedman, M.D. and Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission
on November 9, 2012.)                                                               
|              | 
|10.28        |  | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated December 11, 2014 between Harold H. Shlevin and Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission
on December 12, 2014.)                                                            
|              | 
|10.29         |  | Amended and Restated Master Services Agreement dated February 1, 2013 between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and CTI Clinical Trial Services, Inc. and CTI Clinical Consulting Services Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on May 10, 2013.)
|              | 
|10.30         |  | Amended Form of Class A-2 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 14,
2013.)                                                                                                                              



24



---

|              |  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|------------- |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|ExhibitNumber |  | Description of Document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
|              | 
|10.31         |  | Amended Form of Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 14, 2013.)                                                                                       
|              | 
|10.32        |  | Employment Agreement dated June 20, 2013 between Jack W. Callicutt and Galectin Therapeutics Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 14,
2013.)                                           
|              | 
|10.33        |  | Stock Option Agreement with Thomas A. McGauley dated June 19, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as filed with the Commission on August 14, 2013.)                                                                          
|              | 
|10.34         |  | At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated October 25, 2013, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and MLV & Co. LLC (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the
Commission on October 25, 2013.)                       
|              | 
|10.35         |  | Amendment No. 1 to At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated March 21, 2014, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and MLV & Co. LLC (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-3 as
filed with the Commission on March 21, 2014.)
|              | 
|10.36         |  | Project Addendum (with Master Services Agreement), dated March 6, 2015, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and PPD Development, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed
with the Commission on March 12, 2015.)***  
|              | 
|10.37         |  | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 19, 2015, by and among Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and the Purchasers identified therein (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the
Commission on November 20, 2015.)        
|              | 
|10.38         |  | Placement Agency Agreement, dated November 19, 2015, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission
on November 20, 2015.)                
|              | 
|10.39         |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 19, 2015, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the
Commission on November 20, 2015.)       
|              | 
|10.40         |  | Project Addendum Modification, dated March 11, 2016, by and between Galectin Therapeutics, Inc. and PPD Development, L.P.***                                                                                                                                            
|              | 
|10.41        |  | Jack W. Callicutt Retention Bonus Letter Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on June 20, 2016.)                                                                                               
|              | 
|10.42        |  | Harold H. Shlevin, Ph.D. Retention Bonus Letter Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on June 20, 2016.)                                                                                        
|              | 
|10.43         |  | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 22, 2016, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on
September 27, 2016.)                       
|              | 
|10.44         |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 22, 2016, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on
September 27, 2016.)                       
|              | 
|10.45         |  | Lock-Up Agreement, dated September 22, 2016, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on
September 27, 2016.)                                   
|              | 
|10.46         |  | Form of Subscription Agreement entered into between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and certain purchasers (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on December 29,
2016.)                                        
|              | 
|10.47         |  | Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 23, 2016, by and between Galectin Therapeutics Inc. and 10X Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the
Commission on December 29, 2016.)            
|              | 
|21.1*         |  | Subsidiaries of Galectin Therapeutics Inc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
|              | 
|23.1*         |  | Consent of Cherry Bekaert LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm.                                                                                                                                                                                        
|              | 
|31.1*         |  | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.                                                                                                                                                                                        
|              | 
|31.2*         |  | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.                                                                                                                                                                                        
|              | 
|31.3**        |  | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.                                                                                                                                                                                        



25



---

|         |  |                                                                                                                        
|-------- |  | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|         | 
|31.4**   |  | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.                                       
|         | 
|32.1#    |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|         | 
|32.2#    |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|         | 
|101.INS* |  | XBRL Instance document.                                                                                                
|         | 
|101.SCH* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.                                                                               
|         | 
|101.CAL* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.                                                                           
|         | 
|101.DEF* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.                                                                            
|         | 
|101.LAB* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.                                                                                 
|         | 
|101.PRE* |  | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.                                                                          



|* | Previously filed on March 28, 2017, with Galectin Therapeutics, Inc.s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
|- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|** | Filed herewith.
|-- | ---------------

|# | Furnished on March 28, 2017, with Galectin Therapeutics, Inc.s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
|- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|*** | Galectin Therapeutics, Inc. has requested confidential treatment with respect to portions of this exhibit. Those portions have been omitted from the exhibit and filed separately with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission.
|--- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | Executive Compensation Arrangement pursuant to 601(b)(10)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K
|- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------



26



---

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on April 28, 2017.



GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS INC.By:

/s/ PETER G. TRABERName: Peter G. Traber, M.D.Title:   Chief Executive Officer and President




27