Filed 5/30/24 In re J.D. CA2/5

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION FIVE

In re J.D

., et al., Persons Coming Under the Juv enile Court Law. B328713

LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

E.D.

Defendant and Appellant. (Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. 19CCJP01722H

- J)

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles Co unty, Lucia J. Murillo, Judge Pro Tempore

. Affirmed. Emery El Habiby , under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant E.D. Dawyn R. Harrison, County Counsel, Kim Nemoy

, Assista nt County Couns el, and Tracey Dodds, Principal Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Responde nt.2 The juvenile court assumed dependency jurisdiction over minors Jan.D., Jo.D., and Jac.D. following an incident in which E.D. (Father) arrived home drunk with a self

- infl icted gunshot wound, physically abused the minors , and threatened to kill
them. We are asked to decide whether substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s finding that returning the minors to Father’s custody at the six

- month review hearing would c reate a substantial risk of detriment to their physical or emotional well

being.

I. BACKGROUND This is the second appeal in these dependency proceedings
that commenced in juvenile court in June 2022. 1 We previously affirmed the juvenile court’s dispos ition order in In re J.D. (Sept. 15, 2023, B323583 ) [nonpub. opn.]). We draw on that opinion in summarizing the facts from the initial investigation through disposition

.

1 Earlier , the juvenile court sustained a different dependency petition alleging Father failed to seek timely mental health treatment for Jan.D. and Jac.D. Father was ordered to participate in drug and alcohol services, family preservation services, and individual counseling. The juvenile court terminate d dependency jurisdiction about six months later, and this court dismissed as moot Father’s appeal from the juvenile court’s jurisdiction findings and disposition order. ( In re G.D. (Aug. 16, 2022, B314503) [nonpub. opn.].)3 A. Investigation, Assumption of Dependency Jurisdiction, and Disposition Jan.D. was born in 2006, Jo.D. was born in 2008, and Jac.D. was born in 2009. Father was awarded sole legal and physical custody of the minors in 2019 after the juvenile court
sustain ed a dependency petition alleging they were at risk based on V.M.’s (Mother’s) conduct.
The events that led to these proceedings occurred in June 2022, when the Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services (the Department) was notified of a dist urbance at the family home. The Department was informed police responded to the home late one evening after receiving reports that Father was assaulting the minors. The minors ran outside when officers
arrived and said Father had hit them. The officers saw Father inside the home with blood on his hand. Father attempted to close the door on the officers, but he was taken into custody without further incident. Father had a gunshot wound to his left hand, and officers discovered a bullet hole and traces o f skin in his car. Officers did not observe any obvious physical injuries to
the minors. 2 Jan.D. told police that Jo.D. woke her up because Father was outside in his car and appeared intoxicated. Jan.D. approached Father with her younger siblings and F ather “began to yell” at her. When he “abruptly” exited the car, Jan.D. ran inside and locked the door. She let Father inside, however,

2 The police report noted ther e were cockroaches and rat feces throughout the kitchen and disturbing slogans written on the minors’ bedroom walls.4

because she feared the situation “would escalate further” as Father “began to bang on the door.”
Jan.D. told officers that Father hit all three minors multiple times and said he would “kill [them] if [they] [did not] listen” to him. Jan.D. directed Jac.D. to have a neighbor call the police, and when the neighbor came to the family home to intervene, he and Father “got i n a verbal altercation.” Jan.D. then directed Jo.D. to remove Father’s gun from his car (he “always keeps a gun inside the vehicle”) because she was afraid he “might use the gun against [the minors].” Police recovered this gun plus several others that Fa ther kept in his bedroom. Jac.D. declined to provide a statement to officers because he was “used to this type of behavior.” A Department social worker spoke with the minors the following day. Jan.D. expanded on her statements to police, explaining Fath er was drunk and told her he accidentally shot himself in the hand. Jan.D. tried to help him clean the wound, but he “refused” and “began to hit her and her siblings.” He told them, “you are the worst thing that ever happened to me. I have
to do all thi s for you guys and you don’t do anything for me. I am going to kill you.” Jan.D. knew Father kept a loaded handgun in his car, so she and her siblings ran outside to hide it. 3 Jan.D. said Father occasionally drinks, but he was never aggressive and
had not previously abused her or her siblings. Jo.D. and Jac.D. both said Father drinks “a lot,” but similarly agreed he had never become aggressive before.

3 Jo.D. and Jac.D. corroborated Jan.D.’s account of what happened.5 A Department social worker discussed the incident with the minors once again about three weeks later. All three of the minors stated Father pushed them out of his way after he exited the car, but Jan.D. and Jac.D. now denied that Father hit them. Jan.D. also denied Father said he was going to kill them. Jo.D. and Jac.D. now also suggested Father was no t a heavy drinker. Father told a Department social worker he was drunk the day of the incident. He “blacked out” and had no recollection of “anything after arriving home,” but he “was apologetic and took full responsibility for his actions despite not kn owing exactly what had occurred.” Father said the minors are aware he keeps guns in safes in the home, but he maintained they “have never had access to the guns.” Father acknowledged alcohol was “a ‘demon’ he needed to overcome” and explained he had “tur n[ed] to alcohol to cope” with stress caused by work, his mother’s health problems, and fatherhood. More specifically, with respect to fatherhood, Father emphasized “he had been struggling with how to respond to his children regarding their mother’s actio ns and their emotions regarding not having her in their life.” The juvenile court detained the minors from Father in July 2022. As of August 2022, Father was visiting the minors at his sister’s home every weekend and speaking to them via video every day. He was participating in a substance abuse program, a parenting class, and individual therapy. At a jurisdiction and disposition hearing in September 2022, Father pled no contest to dependency petition allegations
that the children were at substantial ri sk of suffering serious physical harm based on Father’s physical abuse, his history of substance abuse (including marijuana and alcohol), and his possession of a firearm. The Department asked the juvenile court6

to remove the minors from Father’s care and order monitored visitation. Father requested that the minors be released to his custody or that he be granted unmonitored visitation, including weekends and vacations. Counsel for the minors joined in Father’s requests, with the condition that the juveni le court should order unannounced visits by Department social workers and/or drug testing. The juvenile court ordered the minors removed from Father’s custody , placed them with Father’s sister S.D

. (Aunt)

, and authorized monitored day visits between Fathe r and minors
in Aunt’s home. Father was also allowed unmonitored visits in a neutral or public setting provided he did not drive the minors. 4 The juvenile court ordered Father to participate in a full drug and alcohol program, weekly drug and alcohol te sting, a 12

- step program with a court card and sponsor, parenting classes, and individual counseling.

B. Reunification Period Between the adjudication and disposition hearing and the
six

- month review hearing in April 2023 , Father completed a parentin g program , a chemical dependency outpatient program,
and a chemical dependency counseling program. He attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, but he did not have a sponsor.
He tested regularly through January 2023, at which point the Department reported his testing “ended” as scheduled. Although

4 Although the juvenile court denied Father’s blanket request for unmo nitored overnight and weekend visits, it indicated it would assess any requests to accompany the children on extended trips “on a case

- by

- case basis

. . . depending on where the trip is and who else will be there.”7

Father never tested positive for alcohol, he consistently tested positive for marijuana. Father told a Department social worker he used marijuana to sleep and manage shoulder pain

. Fa ther visited the minors regularly, progressing from lightly monitored visits

, to unmonitored visits in public or neutral
locations

, to unmonitored overnight visits. As we shall discuss, visits were positive and there were no concerns reported until
March 2023. During the reunification period, Jac.D. showed “great improvement” while placed with Aunt and initially indicated he wanted to stay in her home until he finished high school. Jan.D. and Jo.D. initially did well in the placement, but Aunt notified the Department shortly before the six

- month review hearing that she could no longer care for them because they would not stop using marijuana. Around the end of March 2023, the Department received an anonymous report that Father was drinking, slurring his words, and yelling for Jan.D. (who was not at home) . Around the same time, Jac.D. told a social worker he noticed a bottle of alcohol in his Father’s freezer and was “sure [Father] was drinking again,” though he did not observe Father to be under the influence of
alcohol during visits. Jan.D. also saw alcohol in Father’s home.
Aunt told a social worker Father admitted to her that he had been drinking. Aunt also reported “there were weekends when one of the children would decline to go to [Father’s] for concern of his drinking or just because they did not want to go.” Aunt ’s8

daughter and the minors’ cousin, J.R., also suspected Father was drinking again. 5
Fa ther denied he had resumed drinking

, and a Department social worker found no sign of alcohol during an unannounced
home visit.
At the time of the six

- month review hearing in April 2023, all three minors indicated they wanted to return home to Father.
B oth Jan.D. and Jo.D. were unhappy living with Aunt

, and Jo.D. complained she “was called a snitch for telling [Father] that [ Aunt ] [was] aware of his drinking.” Jac.D. retained a strong
bond with Aunt , but he wanted to return to Father’s home so long
as F ather was not drinking.

C. Six

- Month Review Hearing The juvenile court held the six

- month review hearing in April 2023. Father asked the court to return the minors to his custody

. Minors’ counsel asked that Jan.D. and Jo.D. be returned
to Father’s care and indicated Jac.D. was “willing to remain” with
Aunt until the end of the school year

. The Department ’s position was that the court should keep the children in their placements
and order three mo re months of reunification services.
Father testified and maintained he had not had a drink since the June 2022 incident that gave rise to the dependency proceedings. H e claimed he continued to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and individual therapy. 6 He had “no idea”

5 J.R. monitored some of Father’s visits with the minors, but the record does not indicate whether she lived with Aunt and the minors.

6 Father indicated these programs were relevant to a pending criminal matter, but he did not specify whether the9

wh y Aunt told a social worker he admitted to drinking. He also
asserted Jan.D. and Jac.D. were lying about having seen alcohol
in his home. Father opined they lied because Jan.D. “say[s] stuff out of anger” 7 and J ac.D. had found “a mother figure” in Aunt

. Father further testified that the June 2022 incident was attributable to his lack of “skills to cope with” his father’s death
and his mother’s health issues

. Through the programs he completed and in which h e was still participating, he had “gained the skills, tools on how to cope with [his] emotions

. . . .” When
asked to elaborate on the skills he learn e d, Father answered,

“ [l] ike that prayer I can’t remember right now. God give me the,
the

— I wish I can look it up. To recognize the things I can’t control and to cope with the things that I can

. . . .” The juvenile court suggested “the prayer [he was] trying to recall [was] the Serenity Prayer that they recite in A.A. meetings,” and Father
confirmed that it was. But F ather could not remember it “word by word.” Father testified he did not obtain a sponsor in Alcoholics Anonymous because he did not “feel [he] need[ed] one because [he] ha[d] so many other things [he was] still doing to provide [the cou rt] facts and proof that [he was] progressing.” In addition, Father testified his programs taught him to “try[ ] to bring patience, strength, wisdom; how to diffuse [sic] situations; how to talk to [his] children; how to get down to their level; how

criminal matter related to the June 2022 incide nt or whether h is participation in these programs was pursuant to a court order

.

7 Jan.D. did not testify, but her attorney did tell the court that Jan.D. said her statement regarding Father’s drinking was made “in anger.”10

to sp eak to them and come back as an adult because [he is] their
father ; [and] how not to be catastrophic with them.” After the presentation of evidence, t he juvenile court found Father had made substantial progress on his case plan but returning minors to F ather’s care was un warranted because
there was a substantial risk it would be detrimental

. The juvenile court reasoned Father “still ha[d] a way to go in his recovery” because, if his participation in Alcoholics Anonymous were “genuine,” “he would have be en able to recite the Serenity Prayer which is recited at the start of every meeting.” Moreover, the juvenile court credited Jan.D. and Jac.D.’s statements regarding alcohol in Father’s home because they were “looking forward [to] going back to Father” an d “all of a
sudden

. . . changed their minds.” Th e court did not believe the minors did this “arbitrarily” because “[t]hey are older children
who understand the ramifications of their words.” The juvenile court retained jurisdiction over the minors and
ordered additional reunification services for Father pending a status review hearing set to occur six month s later

.

II. DISCUSSION
Father contends no substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s finding that returning the minors to his care
would be detrimental to them. Notwithstanding Father’s substantial completion of his court

- ordered case plan, the juvenile
court was entitled to credit ( and did credit ) reports by Aunt and
two of the children that Father had resumed drinking

. So credited, no additional evidence to corroborate Jan.D., Jac.D., and
Aunt ’s statements was required (see, e.g., In re La na S. (2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 94, 104) , and the trial court had a sound basis11

for finding that giving Father custody of the minors posed too great a risk to their safety

. At the six

- month review hearing, the juvenile court “ shall
order the return of the child to the physical custody of their parent or legal guardian unless the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the return of the child to their parent or legal guardian would create a substantial risk of detriment to the safety, prote ction, or physical or emotional well

being of the child. ” ( Welf. & Inst. Code, 8 § 366.21, subd. (e)(1).) The Department bears the burden of proving risk of detriment. (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(1) .) In determining whether placing a minor with their parent

w ould be detrimental, the juvenile court considers, among other things, “the social worker’ s report and recommendations [

, ]

. . . the efforts or progress, or both, demonstrated by the parent [,]

. . . and
the extent to which [the parent] availed themselves of services provided

. . . .” (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(1).) A substantial risk of detriment does not “‘mean merely that the parent in question is less than ideal, did not benefit from the reunification services as much as we might have hoped, or seems
less c apable than an available foster parent or other family member.’ [Citation.]” ( In re E.D. (2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 960, 965.) However, “ [d] etriment can be shown many different ways ” ( A.H. v. Superior Court (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 1050, 1059), and a parent’s compliance with his or her reunification plan does not preclude a detriment finding. ( Constance K. v. Superior Court (1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 689, 704 [holding, with respect to 18

-

8 Undesignated statutory references that follow are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.12

month hearing, that “[c]ompliance with the reunification plan is certainly a pertinent consideration,” but “it is not the sole concern before the dependency court judge”].)
We review a juvenile court’s detriment finding for
substantial evidence

. ( E.D.

, supra , 217 Cal.App.4th at 966

. )
Father believes the juvenile court’s detriment finding is
unsound because he complied with his case plan and maintained consistent, unproblematic visitation with the minors

— who
wanted to return to his care. Notwithstanding Father’s efforts to comply with court

- ordered s ervices, s ubstantial evidence still supports the juvenile court’s determination that there remained a
substantial risk of detriment to the minors. Both Jan.D. and Jac.D. told a social worker they saw alcohol in Father’s home and
Aunt reported Father discl osed he was drinking again. And given Father’s history, this was a serious concern.
Father counters that these statements from multiple

sources are negated by other evidence (or, more precisely, the lack thereof) : the absence of any positive test s for al cohol use , no statements by the minors that they observed him under the
influence , and no report from social workers who inspected his
home that they observed alcohol

. The juvenile court , however, provided a compelling rationale for its decision to credit Jan.D. and Jac.D.’s statements regarding alcohol in Father’s home.
Both were p reviously eager to return to Father’s care

— indeed, they still wanted to return to Father’s care

— and neither child had any apparent motive to lie. In addition, Father’s evidenc e that he did not resume drinking in March 2023 is just of snapshot quality, proving only that he was not drinking at specific points13

in time and in no way refuting the testimony the juvenile court
credited

. 9

DISPOSITION
The juvenile court’s order is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

BAKER, Acting P. J.

We concur:

KIM , J. LEE , J. *

9 T he record indicates Father’s negative tests for alcohol use continued to January 2023 but the statem ents the juvenile court relied on suggesting Father had resumed drinking were all made weeks later, in March 2023. The fact that the minors never saw Father under the influence of alcohol proves only that he was not drinking heavily just before or during visits. And the fact that a single home inspection did not reveal evidence that Father had resumed drinking is not especially probative; the juvenile court could reasonably conclude Father had alcohol in the home at other times or the social worker may no t have discovered alcohol that was present at the time of the inspection.

* Judge of the San Bernardino County Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.