J-A10016-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

LAN TU TRINH 

Appellant

v.

KATHLEEN LIEN TRINH AND LT 

INTERNATIONAL BEAUTY SCHOOL, 

INC.

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2028 EDA 2019

Appeal from the Order Entered April 29, 2019

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at 

No(s): No. 160100581

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SHOGAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED JUNE 23, 2020

Lan Tu Trinh (Lan Tu) appeals the April 29, 2019 order of the Court of 

Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court) enforcing an August 23, 

2017 Consent Order entered between Lan Tu and her sister, Kathleen Lien 

Trinh (Kathleen Lien). Kathleen Lien argues that none of Lan Tu’s claims are

properly raised because the Consent Order is not appealable and the claims

are unpreserved. We affirm.

I.

Lan Tu and Kathleen Lien jointly owned the LT International Beauty 

School (the Beauty School), a successful venture with two locations in 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Philadelphia. Alleging that her sister had frozen her out of the business and 

illicitly started a new rival enterprise, Lan Tu filed a complaint and a petition 

for preliminary injunction raising claims of breach of fiduciary duty, corporate 

waste, conversion and unjust enrichment. See generally Complaint, 

1/7/2016, at paragraphs 48-88. She also demanded an equitable buyout,

dissolution of the Beauty School and liquidation of all company assets.

1

 See 

id.

Kathleen Lien responded with an answer, new matter and 

counterclaims, as well as a motion for sanctions. Most relevant here is the

motion for sanctions in which Kathleen Lien gave explanations and supporting 

documentation for all the financial transactions discussed in Lan Tu’s 

complaint. See Motion for Sanctions, 5/25/2017, at paragraphs, 20-28.

After reviewing the above pleadings, the trial court determined that Lan 

Tu had failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to all claims except 

for the equitable buyout count. The trial court ruled that since the animosity 

between the parties eliminated any chance of them resuming joint business 

operations, the case should be resolved as quickly as possible. See Trial Court 

Opinion, 7/6/2017, at 1-2. To expedite matters, the trial court treated 

Kathleen Lien’s motion for sanctions as a motion for summary judgment,

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1

In addition to Kathleen Lien, Lan Tu named the Beauty School as a corporate 

defendant in her complaint.
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which it granted. See id. at 1-3. All counts except for Lan Tu’s equitable 

buyout claim were dismissed with prejudice or made moot. Id. at 3.

Subsequent to the trial court’s dismissal of Lan Tu’s claims, at a hearing 

on August 22, 2017, the sisters reached an agreement for a final settlement, 

and its terms were put on the record in open court. See Trial Court Transcript, 

8/22/2017, at pp. 44-46. Both sisters were represented by counsel at the 

hearing. The next day, a Consent Order was executed outlining the terms for 

the dissolution and the winding down of the Beauty School.

The Consent Order specified the amounts paid into escrow, identified the 

company real estate to be sold as liquidated corporate assets, and instructed 

the court-appointed receiver, David Fineman (the Receiver), on how escrow 

funds would be distributed to cover the business’s debts and various fees and 

costs. See generally Consent Order, 8/23/2017, at paragraphs 1-11. Each 

sister was to receive an equal share of the escrow funds after all of the

company’s winding down expenses were paid. See id. at paragraph 5.

The trial court made the terms of dissolution final but retained 

jurisdiction for the sole purpose of overseeing the final distribution of escrow 

funds, at which time the court would order all the claims of all parties in the 

matter dismissed with prejudice. See id. at paragraph 8. The last paragraph

of the Consent Order provides that the “Parties agree that this Consent Order 

shall not be appealable.” Id. at paragraph 11.
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Since the Consent Order was entered, Lan Tu has done everything within 

her power to avoid complying with that agreement. As of the settlement date, 

about $250,000 remained of company escrow funds for distribution directly to 

the two sisters. On October 31, 2017, the Receiver offered Lan Tu and her 

sister each a check for $125,000, but Lan Tu rejected her share, insisting that 

she had not yet been able to fully review the Receiver’s escrow ledgers. 

Kathleen Lien accepted her check.

The matter dragged on, and for years, Lan Tu refused to resolve the 

final distribution of escrow assets. She has filed no less than 31 appeals and

related lawsuits in state and federal court (including a petition for writ of 

certiorari to the United States Supreme Court), and so far none of those efforts 

have afforded Lan Tu any relief. Rather, this activity has done nothing but 

deplete the escrow funds payable to the sisters.

To avoid yet further depletion of the escrow account, Kathleen Lien filed 

a “Motion to Distribute Remaining Escrow Proceeds and Discontinue Action,” 

a “Renewed Motion to Distribute Remaining Escrow Proceeds” as well as a 

motion to hold Lan Tu in contempt for failure to abide by the Consent Order. 

The Receiver also filed a motion for fees.

At the hearing on the motions, the trial court provided a VietnameseEnglish language interpreter. See Trial Court Transcript, 4/29/2019, at p. 

3. Moreover, Lan Tu was given a copy of the Receiver’s escrow ledger to 

review. Id. at p. 9. The Court reviewed the transcripts of relevant prior 
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hearings, such as the hearing on December 4, 2017, where such 

documentation was made available to Lan Tu and she declined to review it. 

Id. at p. 11.2 The parties then discussed the escrow funds that were owed to 

Lan Tu, Kathleen Lien, the Beauty School’s creditors, and the Receiver. Id. 

at pp. 15-26. Throughout the proceedings, Lan Tu maintained that she had 

been treated unfairly, but at all relevant times she was represented by 

counsel.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that the years of 

Lan Tu’s fruitless litigation was “nothing short of pure insanity” and that it 

would be best for all parties “to stop this immediately.” Id. at p. 31. 

Accordingly, the trial court ruled that the dissolution proceedings would end, 

with the bulk of the remaining escrow funds available to the sisters – about

$76,000 – going to Kathleen Lien. Id. at pp. 32-33.

Although the Consent Order had contemplated an equal split of 

remaining escrow funds between the sisters, the trial court emphasized that 

Lan Tu had opposed the dissolution proceedings in violation of the Consent 

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2 For reasons that are not apparent, Lan Tu believed that the Receiver 

miscomputed the final escrow balances. Lan Tu has also requested copies of 

unavailable cancelled checks pertaining to the sale of the two corporate 

properties, but she has not availed herself of many opportunities to review 

the Receiver’s documentation. See Trial Court Transcript, 4/29/2019, at pp. 

29-31.
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Order, draining the escrow account of funds.

3

 This justified a greater share 

of the remaining money going to Kathleen Lien, with Lan Tu’s share reduced 

accordingly. The trial court then entered the order on review, which stated in 

its entirety as follows:

1. Receiver S. David Fineman, Esquire (“Receiver”) shall 

make a final distribution from the funds currently held in escrow 

(the “Escrowed Funds”) to Lan [Tu] in the amount of $6,591.43;

2. Receiver shall make a final distribution from the Escrowed 

Funds to Kathleen [Lien] in the amount of $70,000.00;

3. [Deleted in original].

4. Receiver shall disburse $6,000.00 to [creditors] as final 

payment for the . . . Audit of [the Beauty School];

5. In the event of receipt by the Receiver of additional funds ... 

said funds shall be distributed to Kathleen [Lien] after accounting 

for any additional fees of the Receiver; and

6. This case is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

Order, 4/29/2019, at paragraphs 1-6.4

Lan Tu timely appealed, contending that the trial court erred by:

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3 At an earlier hearing, the trial court noted that Lan Tu’s “spiteful litigation” 

had needlessly depleted the escrow account. See Trial Court Transcript, 

8/22/2017, at pp. 23-24. The trial court, the Receiver, and counsel for both 

parties all agreed that the costs resulting from Lan Tu’s litigiousness should 

be paid out of her share of the escrow money.

4 On the same date, the trial court entered an order granting the Receiver’s 

motion for fees, entitling the Receiver to $7,332.42 from the escrow account, 

as well as a retainer of $5,000 in the event that further services would be 

needed in the future. See Trial Court Transcript, 4/29/2019, at pp. 12-13.
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1. depriving her the benefit of a Vietnamese-English language 

interpreter;

2. treating Kathleen Lien’s motion for sanctions as a motion for 

summary judgment and depriving Lan Tu of the ability to contest 

the entry of summary judgment;

3. denying Lan Tu a chance to review evidence corroborating 

the Receiver’s ledgers prior to ordering the distribution of escrow 

funds; and

4. permitting Lan Tu’s personal assets to be used to satisfy the 

costs of winding down the Beauty School and distributing most of 

the remaining funds to Kathleen Lien.

Appellant’s Brief, at 5-6 (rephrased and renumbered).

5

II.

A.

While we can discern the general issues Lan Tu now raises, the lack of 

clarity in her appellate brief makes it difficult to identify the precise basis for 

her appeal, as well as the nature of the remedy she seeks. Further hindering 

our review and in violation of the rules of appellate procedure, the Reproduced 

Record has no index or pagination. See Pa.R.A.P. 2173-2174.

“An appellate brief must provide citations to the record and to any 

relevant supporting authority.” See Commonwealth v. Gould, 912 A.2d

869, 873 (Pa. Super. 2006). This Court “will not become the counsel for an 

appellant, and will not, therefore, consider issues” unless they are “fully 

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5 The trial court filed a 1925(a) opinion, and it appears that Lan Tu was never 

ordered to file a 1925(b) statement of issues complained of on appeal.
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developed in h[er] brief.” Commonwealth v. Drake, 681 A.2d 1357, 1360

(Pa. Super. 1996) (citations omitted). “[W]hen defects in a brief impede our 

ability to conduct meaningful appellate review, we may dismiss the appeal 

entirely or find certain issues to be waived.” Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918

A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2101 (permitting appeal

to be dismissed or quashed if briefing does not conform to court rules).

Despite the above-mentioned deficiencies, we will attempt to address 

Lan Tu’s arguments and demonstrate why no relief is due. Ostensibly, Lan Tu 

appeals from the order of April 29, 2019, in which the trial court made the 

final distributions of corporate assets and dismissed the case with prejudice. 

The confusion here arises because the trial court acted in accordance with the 

Consent Order of August 23, 2017, in which Lan Tu settled her case with 

Kathleen Lien and agreed to drop all of her claims and cooperate in the 

dissolution of the Beauty School. Most, if not all, of Lan Tu’s present claims 

are foreclosed by that settlement agreement.6

In Lan Tu’s first issue, she argues that the trial court erred in denying 

her a Vietnamese-English language interpreter. She claims that she suffered 

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6 Since the Consent Order is contractual in nature, the principles of contract 

construction apply. See generally Lower Frederick Twp. v. Clemmer, 543 

A.2d 502, 510 (Pa. 1988). A court cannot modify or vary the terms of a

consent order unless it was entered due to fraud, mistake or accident. See

id. A court may only give effect to the agreement by considering its purpose 

and the parties’ intent. Id. (citing Mather Estate, 189 A.2d 586, 589 (Pa. 

1963)).
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prejudice from this error at hearings held on April 18, 2017, July 10, 2017, 

and August 22, 2017. See Appellant’s Brief, at pp. 14-16. These hearings 

largely concerned the auction and sale of the Beauty School’s two properties

as well as the terms of the Consent Order, which was entered after the above 

hearings took place.

On all of those dates, however, Lan Tu was represented by counsel and 

at no time did she complain of a language barrier or request an interpreter. 

Nowhere in Lan Tu’s appellate brief did she cite to specific parts of the record 

that demonstrate why the absence of an interpreter could possibly call into 

question the validity of the Consent Order or the order she now appeals.

7

Moreover, Lan Tu never sought to vacate the Consent Order in the trial 

court, precluding this Court from modifying or abrogating that settlement 

agreement on appeal. See Sarsfield v. Sarsfield, 380 A.2d 899, 900-01 

(Pa. Super. 1977) (“Any move to modify or abrogate the consent order must 

be initiated in the court below”). The Consent Order remains in force, and 

since it is, by its terms, not appealable, Lan Tu is bound by it. See Consent 

Order, 8/23/2017, at paragraph 11. Accordingly, because Lan Tu did not 

preserve a challenge to the Consent Order in the trial court, the issue cannot 

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7 At oral argument, counsel for Kathleen Lien stated that at all the hearings, 

Lan Tu either had an interpreter or was represented by counsel. The lack of 

pagination and an index for the reproduced record compounded this Court’s 

difficulty in reviewing the record to confirm counsel’s assertion.
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be considered at this juncture. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in 

the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

Even if we could consider the merits of Lan Tu’s argument that she was 

erroneously denied an interpreter on April 18, 2017, July 10, 2017, and August 

22, 2017, it would not entitle Lan Tu to any relief. Section 4412(a) of the 

Judicial Code requires the appointment of an interpreter “if the presiding 

judicial officer determines that a principal party in interest . . . has a limited 

ability to speak or understand English.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 4412(a). The 

appointment of an interpreter is within the trial court’s discretion. See 

Commonwealth v. Pana, 364 A.2d 895, 898 (Pa. 1976).

In this case, there appears to be no record evidence that the order on 

review was compromised by the trial court’s failure to appoint an interpreter 

sua sponte. The record does not support Lan Tu’s apparent claim that the 

trial court abused its discretion by proceeding without an interpreter, 

especially since one was never requested on the relevant dates.

Lan Tu has likewise waived her second ground on appeal that the trial 

court erred in granting summary judgment for Kathleen Lien, sua sponte, on 

July 6, 2017. Even if the trial court erred in entering summary judgment on 

these facts, the error was twice waived – Lan Tu did not contemporaneously 

object that summary judgment was improper and she subsequently settled 

the case, agreeing not to appeal. See Trial Court Transcript, 7/10/2017, at 
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p. 5; Consent Order, 8/23/2017, at paragraph 11. Like the interpreter claim, 

the summary judgment issue is a non-starter.

B.

In Lan Tu’s third and fourth appellate issues, she challenges the 

distribution of escrow assets.8 She asserts that the Receiver’s accounting was

somehow flawed because she was not given adequate access to the financial 

documents used to determine the final apportionments, and she claims that 

her personal assets were improperly liquidated and put into escrow to pay off

corporate debt. Both claims are either waived or without merit.

The record establishes that Lan Tu was given access to the Receiver’s 

accounting ledger several times in advance of the April 29, 2019 order

allocating the remaining escrow funds. Her own counsel reviewed and 

approved the Receiver’s figures, which were incorporated into the order Lan 

Tu now appeals. On multiple occasions, Lan Tu personally requested 

corroborating evidence of the accounting and the trial court accommodated

her.

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8 By settling the case with her sister, Lan Tu did not prospectively agree to 

the amounts that were ultimately distributed in the April 29, 2019 order. 

Rather, the Consent Order allowed the trial court to retain jurisdiction to 

oversee the winding down of the business, the liquidation of corporate assets, 

payments to corporate creditors, and finally the reimbursement of remaining 

escrow funds to Lan Tu and Kathleen Lien. Thus, Lan Tu retained the right to 

appeal the final distributions.
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Some of the paperwork Lan Tu requested, namely, copies of cancelled

checks pertaining to the sale of the Beauty School’s two properties, were 

unavailable. However, Lan Tu has never been able to articulate why the 

absence of such documentation would call into question the accuracy or 

veracity of the Receiver’s accounting. In light of that fact, Lan Tu’s challenge

is both waived and insufficiently developed for this Court to determine that 

the trial court erred in entering the subject order based on the Receiver’s

figures.

As for the sale of the Beauty School’s two properties, Lan Tu has 

affirmatively waived and failed to preserve a challenge as to how the proceeds 

were distributed. She has admitted that she owned the two subject properties 

jointly with her sister, and that the properties were used in the Beauty School’s

business operations. Lan Tu herself sought the liquidation of all corporate 

property in the first count of her complaint, including the subject real estate. 

She agreed to an auction of the property and then participated in the sale.9 

The Consent Order (which Lan Tu never sought to vacate in the trial court) 

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9 Lan Tu argues in her brief that the trial court “forced” her to sell her share 

in the Beauty School real estate. See Appellant’s Brief, at pp. 21-22. This is 

a mischaracterization of the record. Lan Tu sought to liquidate those assets 

and agreed to their sale at a settlement conference held on March 20, 2017. 

See Trial Court Transcript, 7/10/2017, at pp. 10-14; see also Trial Court

Transcript, 4/18/2017, at pp. 12-14. It was only after Lan Tu attempted to 

renege that the trial court enforced the property settlement agreement by

ordering her to authorize the sale.
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provides that the proceeds of those sales would go into an escrow account 

and be managed by the Receiver.

While she now argues that she received far less of the escrow money 

than she was entitled to, the trial court distributed those funds in accordance 

with the binding Consent Order, which provided for the distribution of that 

money to the sisters once all their corporate debts were satisfied. Lan Tu’s 

intransigence and needless waste of escrow funds through years of fruitless 

litigation justified the trial court’s decision to allocate the lion’s share of what 

remained to Kathleen Lien. Thus, as discussed above, the trial court 

distributed the escrowed funds as required by the Consent Order, and the 

terms of that agreement preclude this Court from disturbing the April 29, 2019 

order now on review.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 6/23/2020