I 

115TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1526 

To amend the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 to provide 

guidance and limitations regarding the integration of unmanned aircraft 

systems into United States airspace, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 13, 2017 

Mr. WELCH introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 

on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee 

on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by 

the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To amend the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 

to provide guidance and limitations regarding the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into United States 

airspace, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Drone Aircraft Privacy 

5 and Transparency Act of 2017’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) On February 14, 2012, President Obama 

2 signed the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 

3 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) 

4 into law, and sections 331 through 336 of such Act 

5 require the Federal Aviation Administration to fully 

6 integrate government, commercial, and recreational 

7 unmanned aircraft systems, commonly known as 

8 ‘‘drones’’, into United States airspace by October 

9 2015. 

10 (2) As the technology advances and the cost de11 creases—unmanned aircraft systems are already or12 ders of magnitude less expensive to purchase and op13 erate than piloted aircraft—the market for Federal, 

14 State, and local government and commercial un15 manned aircraft systems is rapidly growing. 

16 (3) It has been estimated there could be as 

17 many as 2,700,000 commercial unmanned aircraft 

18 systems sold annually in the United States by 2020. 

19 (4) There will no doubt be many beneficial ap20 plications for unmanned aircraft systems, including 

21 delivering goods, serving as early warning systems, 

22 performing search and rescue missions, and pro23 viding critical aid to those in need. 

24 (5) However, there also is the potential for un25 manned aircraft system technology to enable 


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1 invasive and pervasive surveillance without adequate 

2 privacy protections, and currently, no explicit pri3 vacy protections or public transparency measures 

4 with respect to such system technology are built into 

5 the law. 

6 (6) Federal standards for informing the public 

7 and protecting individual privacy with respect to un8 manned aircraft systems are needed. 

9 SEC. 3. GUIDANCE AND LIMITATIONS REGARDING UN10 MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle B of title III of the FAA 

12 Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112– 

13 95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by adding at the 

14 end the following new sections: 

15 ‘‘SEC. 337. RULEMAKING. 

16 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transportation 

17 shall establish procedures to ensure that the integration 

18 of unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace 

19 system is done in compliance with the privacy principles. 

20 ‘‘(b) EXCEPTION.—The procedures established under 

21 subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to unmanned 

22 aircraft systems operated for news-gathering activities 

23 protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of 

24 the United States. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 338. DATA COLLECTION STATEMENTS AND DATA 

2 MINIMIZATION STATEMENTS. 

3 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on the date of the en4 actment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation 

5 may not approve, issue, or award any certificate, license, 

6 or other grant of authority to operate an unmanned air7 craft system in the national airspace system unless the 

8 application for such certificate, license, or other grant of 

9 authority includes— 

10 ‘‘(1) a data collection statement in accordance 

11 with the requirements of subsection (b) that provides 

12 reasonable assurance that the applicant will operate 

13 the unmanned aircraft system in accordance with 

14 the privacy principles; and 

15 ‘‘(2) in the case of such an unmanned aircraft 

16 system that is to be operated by a law enforcement 

17 agency or a law enforcement agency contractor or 

18 subcontractor, a data minimization statement in ac19 cordance with the requirements of subsection (c) 

20 that provides reasonable assurance that the appli21 cant will operate the unmanned aircraft system in 

22 accordance with the privacy principles. 

23 ‘‘(b) DATA COLLECTION STATEMENT.—A data col24 lection statement under subsection (a), with respect to an 

25 unmanned aircraft system, shall include information iden26 tifying— 


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1 ‘‘(1) the individuals or entities that will have 

2 the power to use the unmanned aircraft system; 

3 ‘‘(2) the specific locations in which the un4 manned aircraft system will operate; 

5 ‘‘(3) the maximum period for which the un6 manned aircraft system will operate in each flight; 

7 ‘‘(4) whether the unmanned aircraft system will 

8 collect information or data about individuals or 

9 groups of individuals, and if so— 

10 ‘‘(A) the circumstances under which the 

11 system will be used; and 

12 ‘‘(B) the specific kinds of information or 

13 data the system will collect about individuals or 

14 groups of individuals and how such information 

15 or data, as well as conclusions drawn from such 

16 information or data, will be used, disclosed, and 

17 otherwise handled, including— 

18 ‘‘(i) how the collection or retention of 

19 such information or data that is unrelated 

20 to the specified use will be minimized; 

21 ‘‘(ii) whether such information or data 

22 might be sold, leased, or otherwise pro23 vided to third parties, and if so, under 

24 what circumstances it might be so sold or 

25 leased; 


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1 ‘‘(iii) the period for which such infor2 mation or data will be retained; and 

3 ‘‘(iv) when and how such information 

4 or data, including information or data no 

5 longer relevant to the specified use, will be 

6 destroyed; 

7 ‘‘(5) the possible impact the operation of the 

8 unmanned aircraft system may have upon the pri9 vacy of individuals; 

10 ‘‘(6) the specific steps that will be taken to 

11 mitigate any possible impact identified under para12 graph (5), including steps to protect against unau13 thorized disclosure of any information or data de14 scribed in paragraph (4), such as the use of 

15 encryption methods and other security features that 

16 will be used; 

17 ‘‘(7) a telephone number or electronic mail ad18 dress that an individual with complaints about the 

19 operation of the unmanned aircraft system may use 

20 to report such complaints and to request confirma21 tion that personally identifiable data relating to such 

22 individual has been collected; 

23 ‘‘(8) in a case in which personally identifiable 

24 data relating to an individual has been collected, a 

25 reasonable process for the individual to request to 


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1 obtain such data in a timely and an intelligible man2 ner; 

3 ‘‘(9) in a case in which a request described in 

4 paragraph (8) is denied, a process by which the indi5 vidual may obtain the reasons for the denial and 

6 challenge the denial; and 

7 ‘‘(10) in a case in which personally identifiable 

8 data relating to an individual has been collected, a 

9 process by which the individual may challenge the 

10 accuracy of such data and, if the challenge is suc11 cessful, have such data erased or amended. 

12 ‘‘(c) DATA MINIMIZATION STATEMENT.—A data 

13 minimization statement described in this subsection, with 

14 respect to an unmanned aircraft system operated by a law 

15 enforcement agency, contractor, or subcontractor de16 scribed in subsection (a)(2), shall detail the applicable— 

17 ‘‘(1) policies adopted by the agency, contractor, 

18 or subcontractor, as the case may be, that— 

19 ‘‘(A) minimize the collection by the un20 manned aircraft system of information and data 

21 unrelated to the investigation of a crime under 

22 a warrant; 

23 ‘‘(B) require the destruction of such infor24 mation and data, as well as of information and 

25 data collected by the unmanned aircraft system 


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1 that is no longer relevant to the investigation of 

2 a crime under a warrant or to an ongoing 

3 criminal proceeding; and 

4 ‘‘(C) establish procedures for the method 

5 of such destruction; and 

6 ‘‘(2) audit and oversight procedures adopted by 

7 the agency, contractor, or subcontractor, as the case 

8 may be, that will ensure that the agency, contractor, 

9 or subcontractor, as the case may be, uses the un10 manned aircraft system in accordance with the pa11 rameters outlined in the data collection statement 

12 and the statement required by this subsection. 

13 ‘‘(d) EXCEPTION.—The procedures established under 

14 subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall not apply with respect 

15 to unmanned aircraft systems operated for news-gathering 

16 activities protected by the First Amendment to the Con17 stitution of the United States. 

18 ‘‘SEC. 339. DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED CERTIFICATES, LI19 CENSES, AND OTHER GRANTS OF AUTHORITY. 

20 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Fed21 eral Aviation Administration shall make available on the 

22 public Internet website of the Federal Aviation Adminis23 tration in a searchable format— 


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1 ‘‘(1) the name of each person or agency author2 ized to conduct civil or public unmanned aircraft 

3 system operations; 

4 ‘‘(2) the name of the owner of each unmanned 

5 aircraft system described in paragraph (1); 

6 ‘‘(3) the expiration date of the authorization de7 scribed in paragraph (1); 

8 ‘‘(4) the contact information for each person 

9 identified under paragraph (1) or (2), including a 

10 telephone number and electronic mail address, sub11 ject to applicable privacy laws; 

12 ‘‘(5) the tail number or other specific identifica13 tion number of each unmanned aircraft system au14 thorized to conduct operations, with a link to the 

15 owner of the unmanned aircraft system; 

16 ‘‘(6) the approved certificate, license, or other 

17 grant of authority for each unmanned aircraft sys18 tem awarded a certificate, license, or other grant of 

19 authority to operate in the national airspace system, 

20 including any such certificate, license, or other grant 

21 of authority awarded prior to the date of the enact22 ment of this section; 

23 ‘‘(7) information detailing where, when, and for 

24 what purpose each unmanned aircraft system will be 

25 operated; 


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1 ‘‘(8) information detailing any data security 

2 breach that occurs with regard to information col3 lected by an unmanned aircraft system; 

4 ‘‘(9) a description of the technical capability of 

5 each unmanned aircraft system, including whether 

6 the system has cameras, thermal imaging capabili7 ties, mobile phone interception capabilities, facial 

8 recognition capabilities, and license plate readers; 

9 and 

10 ‘‘(10) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

11 other grant of authority awarded on or after the 

12 date of the enactment of this section to operate an 

13 unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace 

14 system, the data collection statement described in 

15 section 339(b) and, if applicable, the data minimiza16 tion statement described in section 339(c) required 

17 with respect to such unmanned aircraft system. 

18 ‘‘(b) DEADLINE.—The Administrator shall complete 

19 the requirements under subsection (a) with regard to each 

20 unmanned aircraft system— 

21 ‘‘(1) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

22 other grant of authority awarded before the date of 

23 the enactment of this section, not later than 90 days 

24 after such date of enactment; and 


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1 ‘‘(2) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

2 other grant of authority awarded on or after the 

3 date of the enactment of this section, as soon as is 

4 practicable after the date of approval of such certifi5 cate, license, or other grant of authority. 

6 ‘‘SEC. 340. WARRANTS REQUIRED FOR GENERALIZED SUR7 VEILLANCE. 

8 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A governmental entity (as de9 fined in section 2711 of title 18, United States Code) may 

10 not use an unmanned aircraft system or request informa11 tion or data collected by another person using an un12 manned aircraft system for protective activities, or for law 

13 enforcement or intelligence purposes, except pursuant to 

14 a warrant issued using the procedures described in the 

15 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (or, in the case of 

16 a State court, issued using State warrant procedures) by 

17 a court of competent jurisdiction, or as permitted under 

18 the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 

19 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.). 

20 ‘‘(b) EXCEPTIONS.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) shall not 

22 apply in a case in which a governmental entity is 

23 using an unmanned aircraft system in exigent cir24 cumstances (as defined in paragraph (2)). 


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1 ‘‘(2) EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES DEFINED.—Ex2 igent circumstances exist when— 

3 ‘‘(A) a law enforcement entity reasonably 

4 believes there is an imminent danger of death 

5 or serious physical injury; or 

6 ‘‘(B) a law enforcement entity reasonably 

7 believes there is a high risk of an imminent ter8 rorist attack by a specific individual or organi9 zation and the Secretary of Homeland Security 

10 has determined that credible intelligence indi11 cates there is such a risk. 

12 ‘‘(3) REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION.—In the case 

13 of a person operating an unmanned aircraft system 

14 under an exception under paragraph (1), documenta15 tion justifying the exception shall be submitted to 

16 the Secretary of Transportation not later than 7 

17 days after the date of the relevant unmanned air18 craft system flight. 

19 ‘‘(4) INFORMATION OR DATA UNRELATED TO

20 EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES.—A person operating an 

21 unmanned aircraft system under an exception under 

22 paragraph (1) shall minimize the collection by the 

23 unmanned aircraft system of information and data 

24 unrelated to the reason for the exception. If the un25 manned aircraft system incidentally collects any 


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1 such information or data while being operated under 

2 that exception, the person operating the unmanned 

3 aircraft system shall destroy the information and 

4 data. 

5 ‘‘(c) PROHIBITION ON INFORMATION SHARING.—A 

6 person may not intentionally divulge information collected 

7 in accordance with this section with any other person, ex8 cept as authorized by law. 

9 ‘‘(d) PROHIBITION ON USE AS EVIDENCE.—If infor10 mation has been collected by means of use of an un11 manned aircraft system, no part of the contents of that 

12 information and no evidence derived from that information 

13 may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, or other 

14 proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, 

15 officer, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or 

16 other authority of the United States, a State, or a political 

17 subdivision thereof unless that information is collected in 

18 accordance with this section. 

19 ‘‘(e) INJUNCTION.—A person injured by an act in vio20 lation of this section may bring in an appropriate State 

21 court or an appropriate district court of the United States 

22 an action to enjoin such violation.’’. 

23 (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 331 of the FAA Mod24 ernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 

25 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended— 


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1 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through 

2 (9) as paragraphs (7) through (12); 

3 (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para4 graph (4); 

5 (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol6 lowing: 

7 ‘‘(3) LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The term ‘law en8 forcement’ means— 

9 ‘‘(A) any entity of the United States or of 

10 a State, or political subdivision thereof, that is 

11 empowered by law to conduct investigations of 

12 or to make arrests for offenses; and 

13 ‘‘(B) any entity or individual authorized by 

14 law to prosecute or participate in the prosecu15 tion of such offenses.’’; and 

16 (4) by inserting after paragraph (4), as redesig17 nated by paragraph (2), the following: 

18 ‘‘(5) PRIVACY PRINCIPLES.—The term ‘privacy 

19 principles’ means the principles described in Part 

20 Two of the Organization for Economic Co-operation 

21 and Development guidelines titled ‘Annex to the 

22 Recommendation of the Council of 23rd September 

23 1980: Guidelines Governing The Protection Of Pri24 vacy And Transborder Flows Of Personal Data’, 


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1 adopted by the Organization for Economic Co-oper2 ation and Development on September 23, 1980. 

3 ‘‘(6) PRIVACY PROTECTIONS.—The term ‘pri4 vacy protections’ means protections that relate to 

5 the use, collection, and disclosure of information and 

6 data about individuals and groups of individuals.’’. 

7 (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 

8 in section 1(b) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act 

9 of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 126 Stat. 11) is amended 

10 by inserting after the item relating to section 336 the fol11 lowing: 

‘‘Sec. 337. Rulemaking. 

‘‘Sec. 338. Data collection statements and data minimization statements. 

‘‘Sec. 339. Disclosure of approved certificates, licenses, and other grants of authority. 

‘‘Sec. 340. Warrants required for generalized surveillance.’’. 

12 SEC. 4. ENFORCEMENT. 

13 (a) PROHIBITED CONDUCT.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for a 

15 person to operate an unmanned aircraft system in a 

16 manner that is not in accordance with the terms of 

17 a data collection statement submitted under section 

18 338(a)(1) of the FAA Modernization and Reform 

19 Act of 2012, as added by section 3, or in a manner 

20 that violates any portion of the final rule required 

21 under section 332(b)(1) of such Act insofar as such 

22 portion relates to the procedures described in section 

23 337 of such Act. 


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1 (2) REGULATIONS.—The Commission may pro2 mulgate regulations in accordance with section 553 

3 of title 5, United States Code, to carry out para4 graph (1) with respect to persons, partnerships, and 

5 corporations described in subsection (b)(3). 

6 (b) ENFORCEMENT BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMIS7 SION.— 

8 (1) UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRAC9 TICES.—A violation of subsection (a) or the regula10 tions promulgated under such subsection shall be 

11 treated as a violation of a regulation under section 

12 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act 

13 (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or decep14 tive acts or practices. 

15 (2) POWERS OF COMMISSION.—The Commis16 sion shall enforce subsection (a) and the regulations 

17 promulgated under such subsection in the same 

18 manner, by the same means, and with the same 

19 powers and duties as though all applicable terms 

20 and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act 

21 (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and 

22 made a part of this Act, and any violator shall be 

23 subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges 

24 and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Com25 mission Act. 


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1 (3) APPLICABILITY.—Paragraphs (1) and (2) 

2 shall apply— 

3 (A) with respect to persons, partnerships, 

4 and corporations over which the Commission 

5 has jurisdiction under section 5(a)(2) of the 

6 Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 

7 45(a)(2)) (except to the extent such person, 

8 partnership, or corporation is a law enforce9 ment contractor or subcontractor); and 

10 (B) notwithstanding such section, with re11 spect to air carriers and foreign air carriers. 

12 (c) ACTIONS BY STATES.— 

13 (1) CIVIL ACTIONS.—In any case in which the 

14 attorney general of a State, or an official or agency 

15 of a State, has reason to believe that an interest of 

16 the residents of that State has been or is threatened 

17 or adversely affected by an act or practice in viola18 tion of subsection (a) or a regulation promulgated 

19 under such subsection, or by the operation of an un20 manned aircraft system in violation of the terms of 

21 a data minimization statement submitted under sec22 tion 338(a)(2) of the FAA Modernization and Re23 form Act of 2012, as added by section 3, the State 

24 may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents 


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1 of the State in an appropriate State court or an ap2 propriate district court of the United States to— 

3 (A) enjoin the violation; 

4 (B) enforce compliance with such sub5 section, regulation, or statement; 

6 (C) obtain damages, restitution, or other 

7 compensation on behalf of residents of the 

8 State; or 

9 (D) obtain such other legal and equitable 

10 relief as the court may consider to be appro11 priate. 

12 (2) NOTICE.—Before filing an action under this 

13 subsection against a person, partnership, or corpora14 tion over which the Commission has jurisdiction 

15 under section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commis16 sion Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)) (except to the extent 

17 such person, partnership, or corporation is a law en18 forcement contractor or subcontractor) or an air car19 rier or foreign air carrier, the attorney general, offi20 cial, or agency of the State involved shall provide to 

21 the Commission a written notice of that action and 

22 a copy of the complaint for that action. If the attor23 ney general, official, or agency determines that it is 

24 not feasible to provide the notice described in this 

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1 ney general, official, or agency shall provide written 

2 notice of the action and a copy of the complaint to 

3 the Commission immediately upon the filing of the 

4 action. 

5 (3) AUTHORITY OF THE COMMISSION.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—On receiving notice 

7 under paragraph (2) of an action under this 

8 subsection, the Commission shall have the 

9 right— 

10 (i) to intervene in the action; 

11 (ii) upon so intervening, to be heard 

12 on all matters arising therein; and 

13 (iii) to file petitions for appeal. 

14 (B) LIMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE

15 FEDERAL ACTION IS PENDING.—If the Commis16 sion or the Attorney General of the United 

17 States has instituted a civil action for violation 

18 of subsection (a) or a regulation promulgated 

19 under such subsection (referred to in this sub20 paragraph as the ‘‘Federal action’’), no State 

21 attorney general, official, or agency may bring 

22 an action under this subsection during the 

23 pendency of the Federal action against any de24 fendant named in the complaint in the Federal 


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1 action for any violation as alleged in that com2 plaint. 

3 (4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of 

4 bringing a civil action under this subsection, nothing 

5 in this Act or any amendment made by this Act 

6 shall be construed to prevent an attorney general, 

7 official, or agency of a State from exercising the 

8 powers conferred on the attorney general, official, or 

9 agency by the laws of that State to conduct inves10 tigations, administer oaths and affirmations, or com11 pel the attendance of witnesses or the production of 

12 documentary and other evidence. 

13 (d) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—A person injured by an act 

15 in violation of subsection (a) or the regulations pro16 mulgated under such subsection, or by the operation 

17 of an unmanned aircraft system in violation of the 

18 terms of a data minimization statement submitted 

19 under section 338(a)(2) of the FAA Modernization 

20 and Reform Act of 2012, as added by section 3, may 

21 bring in an appropriate State court or an appro22 priate district court of the United States— 

23 (A) an action to enjoin such violation; 

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1 ceive up to $1,000 in damages for each such 

2 violation, whichever is greater; or 

3 (C) both such actions. 

4 (2) INTENTIONAL VIOLATIONS.—If the defend5 ant committed a violation described in paragraph 

6 (1), and intended to do so, the court may increase 

7 the amount of the award to an amount equal to not 

8 more than 3 times the amount available under para9 graph (1)(B). 

10 (3) COSTS.—The court shall award to a pre11 vailing plaintiff in an action under this subsection 

12 the costs of such action and reasonable attorney’s 

13 fees, as determined by the court. 

14 (4) LIMITATION.—An action may be com15 menced under this subsection not later than 2 years 

16 after the date on which the person first discovered 

17 or had a reasonable opportunity to discover the vio18 lation. 

19 (5) NONEXCLUSIVE REMEDY.—The remedy pro20 vided by this subsection shall be in addition to any 

21 other remedies available to the person. 

22 (e) SUITS AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES.— 

23 Notwithstanding the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 

24 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), a suit under subsection (c) or (d) may 

25 be maintained against a governmental entity. 


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1 (f) LICENSE REVOCATION.—The Federal Aviation 

2 Administration shall revoke the certificate, license, or 

3 other grant of authority to operate an unmanned aircraft 

4 system if such system is operated in a manner that— 

5 (1) is not in accordance with the terms of— 

6 (A) a data collection statement submitted 

7 under subsection (a)(1) of section 338 of the 

8 FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, 

9 as added by section 3; or 

10 (B) a data minimization statement sub11 mitted under subsection (a)(2) of such section; 

12 or 

13 (2) violates any portion of the final rule re14 quired under section 332(b)(1) of such Act insofar 

15 as such portion relates to the procedures described 

16 in section 337 of such Act, as added by section 3. 

17 (g) VIOLATIONS.—Each day on which each un18 manned aircraft system is operated in violation of sub19 section (a), or the regulations promulgated under such 

20 subsection, or the terms of a data minimization statement 

21 submitted under section 338(a)(2) of the FAA Moderniza22 tion and Reform Act of 2012, as added by section 3, shall 

23 be treated as a separate violation. 

24 (h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 


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1 (1) AIR CARRIER; FOREIGN AIR CARRIER.—The 

2 terms ‘‘air carrier’’ and ‘‘foreign air carrier’’ have 

3 the meanings given those terms in section 40102 of 

4 title 49, United States Code. 

5 (2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 

6 means the Federal Trade Commission. 

7 (3) LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The term ‘‘law en8 forcement’’ has the meaning given such term in sec9 tion 331 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act 

10 of 2012, as amended by section 3. 

11 (4) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 

12 the several States, the District of Columbia, each 

13 commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 

14 States, and each federally recognized Indian tribe. 

15 (5) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM.—The term 

16 ‘‘unmanned aircraft system’’ has the meaning given 

17 such term in section 331 of the FAA Modernization 

18 and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note). 

19 SEC. 5. MODEL AIRCRAFT PROVISION. 

20 Nothing in this Act may be construed to apply to 

21 model aircraft (as defined in section 336(c) of the FAA 

22 Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112– 

23 95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note)). 

Æ 


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