IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-0788

Filed July 9, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF A.B., 

Minor Child,

A.A., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael Seymour, 

District Associate Judge. 

The mother appeals from an order terminating her parental rights. 

AFFIRMED.

Bonnie J. Heggen, Ankeny, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd and Kathryn 

Lang, Assistant Attorneys General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and 

Christina Gonzalez, Assistant County Attorney, for appellee

Jeremy Feitelson of Feitelson Law, L.L.C., West Des Moines, for father.

Penny B. Reimer of Cooper, Goedicke, Reimer & Reese, West Des 

Moines, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and McDonald, JJ.
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McDONALD, J.

Amber appeals from an order terminating the parent-child relationship 

between herself and her child, A.B. The juvenile court terminated the mother’s 

parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(a), (d), (e), and (f) 

(2013). On appeal, Amber contends the State did not prove by clear and 

convincing evidence the grounds for termination with respect to section 

232.116(1)(d).1 She also contends termination of her parental rights is contrary 

to the child’s best interests. Finally, relying on section 232.116(3)(a), Amber

contends the juvenile court did not need to terminate her parental rights because 

the department of human services was attempting to reunite the child with the 

father.

This family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human 

Services (“IDHS”) in October 2013, when Amber went out drinking with a friend 

and left then three-year-old A.B. home alone with three other children, ages three 

years, one year, and nine months. Amber was arrested at that time and charged 

with child endangerment. A.B. was removed from the home and ultimately 

adjudicated in need of assistance. Despite the provision of numerous services to 

Amber, she did little to address the issues giving rise to removal. Amber 

continued to use marijuana during this proceeding. She continued to associate 

with persons who might cause harm to her child. She missed many of the 

visitations with A.B. She was unsuccessfully discharged from therapy services. 

 

1 The mother also contends the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence 

the grounds authorizing termination pursuant to section 232.116(1)(h). The State did not 

seek termination of the mother’s parental rights on that ground, and the juvenile court did 

not rely upon that ground in its termination order.
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She ceased contact with IDHS. In December 2014, Amber was arrested and 

charged with theft in the second degree, a felony offense. In January 2015, 

Amber was arrested and charged with theft in the first degree, a felony offense. 

At the time of the termination hearing, Amber was in jail awaiting disposition on a 

probation violation and awaiting resolution of the charged felony offenses.

We review de novo proceedings terminating parental rights. See In re 

A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). While giving weight to the findings of 

the juvenile court, our statutory obligation to review termination proceedings de 

novo means our review is not a rubber stamp of what has come before. We will 

thus uphold an order terminating parental rights only if there is clear and 

convincing evidence of grounds for termination. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 

492 (Iowa 2000). Evidence is “clear and convincing” when there are no serious 

or substantial doubts as to the correctness of the conclusions of law drawn from 

the evidence. See id.

Termination of parental rights under Iowa Code chapter 232 follows a 

three-step analysis. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). First, the court 

must determine if a ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been 

established. See id. Second, if a ground for termination is established, the court 

must apply the framework set out in section 232.116(2) to decide if proceeding 

with termination is in the best interests of the child. See id. Third, if the statutory 

best-interests framework supports termination of parental rights, the court must 

consider if any statutory exceptions set forth in section 232.116(3) should serve 

to preclude termination. See id.
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We conclude there is clear and convincing evidence establishing a 

statutory ground for termination of Amber’s parental rights. The juvenile court 

terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to code section 232.116(1)(a), 

(d), (e), and (f). When the juvenile court terminates a parent’s rights on more 

than one statutory ground, we may affirm on any ground supported by the record. 

See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010). We focus on paragraph (a),

which is unchallenged on appeal. Paragraph (a) provides the court “may order 

the termination of both the parental rights with respect to a child and the 

relationship between the parent and the child” where the “parents voluntarily and 

intelligently consent to the termination of parental rights and the parent-child 

relationship and for good cause desire the termination.” Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(1)(a). In this case, Amber signed a written consent to the termination 

of her parental rights, acknowledging her consent was voluntarily and intelligently 

given with the advice of counsel. At the terminating hearing, Amber confirmed 

she voluntarily, intelligently, and for good cause consented to the termination of 

her parental rights. She conceded during the termination hearing that she could 

not provide parental care at that time because she was in custody. This ground 

for termination is proved. See, e.g., In re C.J., 674 N.W.2d 685, No. 03–1595, 

2003 WL 22701266, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 17, 2003) (finding a voluntary and 

intelligent decision by a father to give up parental rights, despite the father’s 

argument that the stress of being in prison made his consent involuntary and 

unintelligent, where the father signed a consent to terminate his rights, reaffirmed 

his consent at the termination hearing, and was advised by his attorney regarding 
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this consent); In re J.M., No. 00–0901, 2001 WL 803867, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. 

July 18, 2001) (finding a voluntary and intelligent release of parental rights where 

mother was questioned extensively concerning her understanding of the rights 

she was giving up, was represented by an attorney throughout the termination 

proceedings, and testified that the termination was in the child’s best interests).

Amber also contends it is not in the child’s best interests that her parental 

rights be terminated. Amber does not identify any evidence in support of her 

contention. She also does not identify any reason why it would be in the child’s 

best interests to maintain the parent-child relationship. As a general rule, when 

the statutory grounds for termination of parental rights have been proved, the 

termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child. See In re 

L.M.F., 490 N.W.2d 66, 68 (Iowa 1992). Amber conceded during the termination 

hearing that termination of her parental rights is in A.B.’s best interests. On de 

novo review, after consideration of all relevant factors, we agree. See Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(2) (identifying relevant considerations); In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 

798 (Iowa 2006) (stating the court most look to immediate- and long-term 

interests).

Finally, we address Amber’s argument that the juvenile court could have 

exercised its discretion and declined to terminate her parental rights. Section 

232.116(3)(a) provides the court need not terminate the parent-child relationship 

if a “relative has legal custody of the child.” In this case, IDHS had legal custody 

of the child. Accordingly, the statutory exception is not applicable. See A.M., 

843 N.W.2d at 113. Even if the statutory exception were applicable, the 
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provision is permissive and not mandatory. See In re C.K., 558 N.W.2d 170, 174 

(Iowa 1997) (“An appropriate determination to terminate a parent-child 

relationship is not to be countermanded by the ability and willingness of a family 

relative to take the child. The child’s best interests always remain the first 

consideration.”); In re D.S., 806 N.W.2d 458, 474–75 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011) 

(stating this provision is permissive and not mandatory). There is nothing in this 

record supporting the conclusion that the district court should have declined to 

terminate Amber’s parental rights.

AFFIRMED.