# Patent

## Title
Method for drying a substrate

## Abstract

A method for drying workpieces includes immersing the workpieces in a liquid bath, raising the workpieces with a first holder until a central opening of the workpieces is visible above liquid surface, then using a dry second holder rod inserted through said central opening to continue raising process. Due to this, a drying portion of the workpiece is not held by a wet holding mechanism.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying a workpiece such as a substrate used in magnetic disk or integrated circuit manufacturing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In many manufacturing processes it is necessary to treat a workpiece with a liquid and then dry the workpiece. For example, during the manufacturing of magnetic disks, one typically performs the following manufacturing steps:

    1. First a nickel-phosphorus layer is plated onto an aluminum substrate;
    2. The nickel-phosphorus layer is polished and textured;
    3. The substrate is cleaned, rinsed and dried;
    4. A series of layers are sputtered onto the substrate, e.g., an underlayer such as sputtered NiP or Cr, a magnetic cobalt alloy, and a protective hydrogenated carbon overcoat.


Immediately prior to sputtering, the substrate is cleaned and then dried. It is extremely important that when the substrate is dried, there are no impurities left on its surface.
A well known drying technique relies upon hot de-ionized (DI) water to rinse and promote drying of the disk. By way of the hot DI water, the liquid on the wafer evaporates faster and more efficient than standard room temperature DI water. However, hot water often introduces stains on the disk, and also promotes build-up of bacterial and other particles. Another limitation is water is often expensive to heat, and hot DI water is also an aggressive solvent. As an aggressive solvent, it often deteriorates equipment and facilities, thereby increasing maintenance operation costs. One object of our invention is to overcome this problem.
Also, during the process of lifting the workpiece from the DI water, a holder arm is always in contact with the disk. This leaves the possibility that there will be a contamination or drying mark at the point where the disk is held during drying. Fung et al (U.S. Pat. No. 6,216,709 B1) addresses this problem by using a two stage lifting process, whereby a drying portion of the disk is not held by a wet holding mechanism. In spite of this, there could be embellishments where the holding mechanism attaches to the disk. Another object of our invention is to overcome this problem.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention aims to provide a more effective and efficient way of drying workpieces such as magnetic disks. This is achieved by the use of unheated DI water as the rinsing agent and a heated inert gas as the drying agent. The unheated DI water addresses a number of the problems listed above, namely saving the energy consumed to heat the water, and lessening the aggressiveness of the DI water when compared with heated DI water. The heated inert gas, such as nitrogen provides for efficient drying of the disk. The heating of nitrogen requires a much smaller amount of heat than water.
The use of a second dry holder to lift the disk, and its position at the central opening of the disk eliminates any embellishments or marks on the disk.
This invention comprises a container for holding a liquid and enclosing a volume for a heated inert gas, and a first and second holder for each of one or more workpieces such as disks. The disk is a circumferential flat disc with a centrally located circumferential opening. The disk is placed onto the first holder after which the first holder lowers down until the disk is entirely immersed in the liquid. Thereafter, the first holder lifts the disk up to a point whereby a central opening in the disk is partially or fully above the liquid surface. In this position, the first holder will be taken over by a second holder and the take over by the second holder takes place where the first holder remains submerged in the liquid bath. The second holder will slide horizontally, penetrating through the openings of workpieces. The first holder is then removed, so that the workpieces are no longer held by the first holder and is held by the second holder. The second holder then moves upwards, thereby contacting an upper part of said inner diameter and transferring motion. Whilst the take over by the second holder takes places, the workpieces remain continuously lifted by the first holder and when the workpieces are finally held by the second holder, the lifting speed of the second holder does not differ from the lifting speed of the first holder. In other words, the raising of the workpieces happen at a substantially constant speed.
Next, the second holder attaches to an inner diameter of the disk formed by the central opening, and proceeds to lift the disk away from the first holder and entirely out of the liquid and into the volume of heated inert gas. In this way, there is no contact of the drying disk with a wet holder. The location of the second holder at the central opening of the disk also eliminates any marks or embellishments on the disk.
Another specific embodiment of this invention is a method for drying a workpiece that has a substantially flat disc shape defining an outer diameter and a substantially circumferential opening at a center location defining an inner diameter, comprising the acts of immersing the workpiece in an unheated liquid bath, and raising the workpiece out of said liquid bath into a substantially enclosed volume of heated inert gas. The heated inert gas may be selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, and mixtures thereof. The act of immersing the workpiece in the unheated liquid bath may comprise the steps of placing said workpiece on a first holder, said first holder able to move in such a fashion as to cause a substantially vertical movement of said workpiece between a highest position and a lowest position, wherein at said highest position the said workpiece is located entirely above surface of said liquid bath and at said lowest position the said workpiece is immersed entirely in the said liquid bath, and said first holder then lowering said workpiece to said lowest position. The act of raising the workpiece out of said liquid bath and into a substantially enclosed volume of heated inert gas may comprise the steps of said first holder raising the said workpiece to an intermediate position between said lowest and said highest positions, wherein at said intermediate position the said circumferential opening is partially or completely above the surface of said liquid bath, a second holder attaching to said inner diameter of said workpiece, said second holder raising the workpiece so that the said workpiece is entirely above the surface of said liquid bath.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an overall perspective view of an embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 2 shows a cut away perspective view of an embodiment of this invention.
FIGS. 3a to 3f shows views of the sequence of an embodiment of this invention



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the substrate drying apparatus (10) according to one embodiment of our invention comprises a first holder (20) for holding one or more workpieces such as substrates (14). In one embodiment, substrates (14) can be substrates used during the manufacture of magnetic disks. Such substrates typically have an outer diameter (16) of 65, 84, 95 or 130 mm. Such substrates also typically have a centrally located circumferential opening formed by an inner diameter (18). However, this apparatus may also be used in conjunction with substrates having other shapes and diameters, or in other manufacturing processes, e.g., semiconductor manufacturing.
In one embodiment, first holder (20) is a tray-like structure comprising a plurality of slots (22) for supporting substrates (14) in such a way that the substrates (14) will not tend to spontaneously move downwards or sideways in relation to the said plurality of slots (22). In order for the first holder (20) to lower and raise the substrates (14), it rides on a threaded screw (not shown) which is rotated by a motor (not shown) to raise and lower first holder (20). When being raised and lowered, first holder (20) rides along a ball or first vertical slide (not shown).
FIGS. 1 and 2 also show a second holder in the form of a rod (30). The rod (30) has a plurality of notches (32) regularly spaced and facing upwards. Each of these notches (32) can hold a single substrate (14) and prevent the substrate (14) from sliding along the rod (30). This second holder is slidably fixed to a horizontal slide (34) such that when sliding along this horizontal slide (34), the rod (30) moves along its longitudinal axis. The horizontal slide (34) is in turn slidably fixed to a vertical slide (not shown). However, in another embodiment this setup could be exchanged, with the second holder slidably fixed to a second vertical slide and the second vertical slide in turn slidably fixed to a second horizontal slide. The sliding movement is produced by threaded screw (not shown) which is rotated by a motor (not shown). In this embodiment, the substrates (14) are first lowered into an unheated liquid bath (60), preferably of unheated DI water within a container (40). Preferably, the liquid bath is substantially free from particles greater than about 0.2 microns in diameter. After the substrates (14) are fully immersed, a cover (42) lowers to partially enclose a volume above the liquid bath (60). An inert gas, such as nitrogen is pumped into the volume via a gas inlet (50). Prior to this, the inert gas is heated in a gas heater (55). The inert gas is preferably heated to a temperature below a temperature at which the liquid in the liquid bath (60) is volatile. The substrates (14) are then raised by the first holder (20) to an intermediate position at which point the circumferential opening formed by the inner diameter (18) is partially or completely above the surface of said liquid bath (60). The second holder rod (30) then slides horizontally and penetrates the circumferential openings of the substrates (14). The second holder rod (30) then moves upwards, thereby contacting an upper part of said inner diameter (18) and transferring motion to said substrate (14), thus lifting it.
Container (40) is typically filled to overflowing with liquid (60). An overflow channel (44) surrounds the top of container (40) to receive overflowing excess liquid (60). Vents (46) are located on the sides of the partially enclosed volume and above the liquid bath (60) to allow excess nitrogen to exit.
FIGS. 3a to 3f show part of the sequence associated with an embodiment of this invention. A substrate (14) is placed into the slots (22) located on the first holder tray (20). The first holder tray (20) is then lowered by sliding down the first vertical slide (not shown) until the substrate (14) is fully immersed in the liquid bath (60). The cover (42) is then lowered down over a partially enclosed volume defined by the surface of the liquid bath (60) below, vents (46) at the sides, and the cover (42) and ceiling (48) above. An inert gas such as nitrogen, pre-heated by a heater (55), is then pumped into the partially enclosed volume via a gas inlet (50).
The substrates (14) are then raised by the first holder (20) to an intermediate position at a point which the circumferential opening formed by the inner diameter (18) is partially or completely above the surface of said liquid bath (60). In this position, the first holder (20) will be taken over by a second holder rod (30) and the take over by the second holder (30) takes place where the first holder (20) remains submerged in the liquid bath (60). The second holder rod (30) will slide horizontally, penetrating through the openings of substrates (14). The first holder (20) is then removed, so that the substrates (14) are no longer held by the first holder (20) and is held by the second holder (30). The second holder rod (30) then moves upwards, thereby contacting an upper part of said inner diameter and transferring motion. Whilst the take over by the second holder (30) takes places, the substrates (14) remain continuously lifted by the first holder (20) and when the substrates (14) are finally held by the second holder (30), the lifting speed of the second holder (30) does not differ from the lifting speed of the first holder (20). While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the various holding mechanisms and containers may be constructed from any appropriate material. In lieu of deionized water, our invention can be used in conjunction with other liquids. Such liquids can be used for washing, rinsing or performing other manufacturing processes in conjunction with the substrates. In lieu of nitrogen, other inert gases such as, argon or other inert gases or combinations thereof can be used. Accordingly, all such changes come within our invention.

## Claims

1. A method for drying a workpiece (14), said workpiece having a substantially flat disc shape defining an outer diameter (16) of said workpiece, and a substantially circumferential opening at a center location defining an inner diameter (18) of said workpiece, comprising the acts of:
immersing said workpiece (14) in an unheated liquid bath (60) by placing said workpiece (14) on a first holder (20), said first holder (20) being able to move in such a fashion as to cause a substantially vertical movement of said workpiece (14) between a highest position and a lowest position, wherein at said highest position said workpiece (14) is located entirely above a surface of said liquid bath (60) and at said lowest position said workpiece (14) is immersed entirely in the liquid bath (60), and said first holder (20) then lowering said workpiece (14) to said lowest position;
raising said workpiece (14) out of said liquid bath (60) into a substantially enclosed volume of heated inert gas (52), raising of said workpiece (14) being by moving said first holder (20) to an intermediate position between said lowest and said highest position with the circumferential opening being partially or completely above the surface of the liquid bath (60), a second holder (30) attaching to said inner diameter (18) of said workpiece (14), and said second holder (30) raising said workpiece (14) so that said workpiece is entirely above the surface of said liquid bath (60); and
wherein said second holder (30) further comprises a horizontal rod (30), said rod (30) having regularly spaced notches (32), each of said notches (32) being structured to hold one workpiece (14) in such a way as to substantially prevent the workpiece (14) from sliding along the rod (30), and said rod (30) being slidable along its axis, such that said rod is able to penetrate through the circumferential opening of at least one of the workpieces (14), and when the rod (30) moves laterally and in an upwards direction, it contacts an upper part of said inner diameter (18) formed by the circumferential opening and transfers motion to the workpiece (14), thus lifting the workpiece.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first holder (20) comprises a plurality of upward-facing slots (22), such that an act of placing said workpiece (14) into said plurality of upward-facing slots (22) provides for a substantially secure attachment between said workpiece (14) and said first holder (20), in that the workpiece will not tend to move downwards or sideways in relation to said plurality of upward-facing slots (22).

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the act of raising the workpiece (14) is done at a substantially constant speed, provided by a smooth transition of the workpiece (14) between the first holder (20) and the second holder (30).

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the workpiece (14) remain continuously lifted by the first holder (20) and when the second holder (30) slides through the circumferential opening of the workpiece (14), the second holder (30) is also moving upwards at substantially the same speed as the first holder (20), and the second holder (30) then coming into contact with an upper portion of said inner diameter (18) and proceeding to lift said workpiece (14) away from the first holder (20).

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said unheated liquid bath (60) is substantially free from particles greater than about 0.2 microns in diameter.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said unheated liquid bath (60) comprises deionised water.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the said heated gas (52) is selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, and mixtures thereof.