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 The Clerk of the Court is instructed to conform the caption in accordance herewith.

10-1873-cv

Schupak Group, Inc. v. Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS

GOVERNED BY THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1 AND FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE

PROCEDURE 32.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS

COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC

DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

At a stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the

Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York,

on the 8th day of June, two thousand eleven.

Present: RALPH K. WINTER,

ROSEMARY S. POOLER,

PETER W. HALL,

Circuit Judges

____________________________________________________

SCHUPAK GROUP, INCORPORATED,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

-v.- 10-1873-cv 

TRAVELERS CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY OF AMERICA,

Defendant-Appellee.

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For Appellant: Barry I. Slotnick, H. Marc Tepper, Kristi A. Davidson, Buchanan

Ingersoll & Rooney PC, New York, NY.

For Appellee: Richard S. Mills, Carol A. Pisano, McElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &

Carpenter, LLP, New York, NY.
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Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

(Scheindlin, J.).

ON CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of said district court be and hereby is AFFIRMED. 

Plaintiff-Appellant Schupak Group, Inc. (“Schupak”) is a sponsor for an ERISA plan,

which the complaint alleges was victimized by Bernard L. Madoff’s fraud. 

Defendant-Appellee Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America (“Travelers”)

had provided the ERISA compliance bond, as required by 29 U.S.C. § 1112(a), which insured

Schupak’s plan against fraud and other dishonest acts committed by any “employee,” which was

defined in relevant part in the insurance policy as “[a] trustee, an officer, employee,

administrator or manager, except an administrator or manager who is an independent contractor,

of any Employee Welfare or Pension Benefit Plan (hereafter called Insurance Plan) covered by

this policy.” 

After Madoff’s arrest, the Schupak Group, through Donald Schupak, filed a claim with

Travelers seeking to recover the value of its investment losses. In the “Proof of Loss” form, Mr.

Schupak stated that Madoff was “Custodian and Investment Trustee,” as “delegated by the Plan

Trustee.” 

Shortly thereafter, Travelers sent a letter to Mr. Schupak acknowledging receipt of the

Proof of Loss. In that letter, Travelers also requested “copies of any agreements, contracts or

other documents between the Insured and Bernard L. Madoff Securities, LLC,” because “there

[was] a question as to if Mr. Bernard Madoff [was] considered an ‘Employee’” under the terms

of the bond. Travelers further explained that “[f]rom the information you have provided it seems

that Mr. Madoff would not be considered an ‘employee’ . . . rather, an independent contractor.” 

Mr. Schupak responded by letter, refusing to produce any documentation of the

relationship with Madoff and instead insisting that Madoff “was squarely within the definition of

trustee,” which definition Mr. Schupak quoted from Webster’s Dictionary. 

Travelers responded to Mr. Schupak by letter, again requesting copies of relevant

documents. Specifically, Travelers wrote: “If the Insured Plan has a plan instrument naming

Bernard L. Madoff as a trustee of the Insured Plan; a document confirming that Bernard L.

Madoff accepted being named or appointed a trustee of the Insured Plan; an agreement, contract

or other document pursuant to which the Insured Plan appointed Bernard L. Madoff an

investment manager to manage some or all of the assets of the Insured Plan; and any other

contract agreement or document which the Insured Plan contends establishes that Bernard L.

Madoff is within the definition of ‘Employee’ in the Bond, Travelers again requests that they be

provided.” 

Mr. Schupak again refused to produce any documents relating to Madoff’s appointment

as trustee, insisting that he was not required to do so. He also stated: “Respectfully, the policy is
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written in English, which is a language I do understand. Your letter is replete with obfuscations

[sic] and irrelevant references, which do not and cannot limit or modify Traveler’s [sic]

obligations under the policy.” 

Travelers then denied coverage, and Schupak filed suit. The district court dismissed

Schupak’s complaint for failure to state a claim because Schupak failed to plead that it had

adequately complied with its obligations under the bond. 

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the remaining facts, procedural history and issues

presented for review.

“We review de novo a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule

12(b)(6), accepting all factual allegations in the complaint as true and drawing all inferences in

the plaintiff’s favor.” Legnani v. Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiane, S.P.A., 274 F.3d 683, 685 (2d

Cir. 2001). The plaintiff’s complaint must, however, “contain sufficient factual matter, accepted

as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct.

1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp.v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)); accord

Ruston v. Town Bd. for Town of Skaneateles, 610 F.3d 55, 59 (2d Cir. 2010). A claim is

plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable

inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949. 

“We may affirm a district court decision based on ‘any ground appearing in the record.” 

Freedom Holdings, Inc. v. Cuomo, 624 F.3d 38, 49 (2d Cir. 2010).

Under New York law, a breach of contract claim requires proof of (1) an agreement, (2)

adequate performance by the plaintiff, (3) breach by the defendant, and (4) damages. First

Investors Corp. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 152 F.3d 162, 168 (2d Cir. 1998); Harsco Corp. v.

Segui, 91 F.3d 337, 348 (2d Cir. 1996). 

Schupak’s complaint, read liberally, contains no factual allegations giving rise to a

reasonable inference that Madoff was a “trustee” for the purposes of the Bond. Indeed, the

complaint is utterly conclusory with respect to Madoff’s status under the Bond. See Compl. ¶

19. Moreover, the complaint asserts, on its face, that funds in question were placed in Madoff’s

control after passing through a third party intermediary, FGLS, LLC, see id. ¶¶ 9-10, thereby

negating the plausibility of any assertion that Madoff was affiliated with the ERISA plan whose

assets the Bond insured.

We have considered all of Schupak’s remaining arguments and find them to be without

merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

FOR THE COURT:

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk