ENVIRON International Corporation



### EMISSION PROFILES FOR EPA SPECIATE DATABASE, PART 2: EPAct FUELS (Exhaust Emissions)

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-102 Work Assignment No. 1-09

Prepared for:

Patricia Rowley Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Prepared by:

Chris E. Lindhjem ENVIRON International Corporation

773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115 Novato, CA 94998

September 30, 2008

773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94998 415.899.0700September 2008

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### TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Purpose of Study........................................................................................................... ... 1-1 1.2 Project Objectives ......................................................................................................... ... 1-1

2. 2.0 DATA COMPILATION................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1 Emissions Studies Used ................................................................................................... 2- 1 2.2 Data Compilation and Average Profiles .......................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Average Profiles........................................................................................................... .... 2-2

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Quality Assurance Project Plan Appendix B: Speciation Results

TABLES

Table 2-1. Data samples used in this study ................................................................................. 2-1September 2008

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### 1-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Study

The EPA maintains a database of emission profiles representativ e of mobile and stationary sources for use as inputs to mode ls that provide insight to the fu ture affects of transportation and fuels on the ambient air. The SPECIATE profiles have characteristics variable upon the emission source function, applied control methods, and of ten source fuel type. As the transportation industry standards change, control technologies become more stringent, and fuel composition begins to become more variab le the existing SPECIATE profiles become out of date. Currently, transportation fleets are expected to begin using renewable fuels as an increasing rate which will alter the tailpipe emissions. Also, passenger cars and trucks are moving to more Tier II type vehicles which, at present, are not accurately represented in SPECIATE. The fleet turnover and fuel type changes provide the basis for th e development of new passenger car and truck SPECIATE profiles.

1.2 Project Objectives

The purpose of this work was to: 1) review data collected from EPA that have volatile organic carbon (VOC) exhaust emissions data where the te st fuels contain ethanol at nominally 0% volume (E0), E10, and E15, 2) recommend speciation profiles most appli cable to current and future technologies and fuels, 3) prepare speciation profile s in SPECIATE, and 4) produce SMOKE-ready profiles.September 2008

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### 2-1 2.0 DATA COMPILATION

2.1 Emissions Studies Used

The data study considered for this study was the EPAct Phase I testing that include exhaust speciation testing with three types of gasoline (1) without ethanol, (2) with 10% ethanol (E10), and (3) 15% ethanol (E15). Table 2-1 provide s the sample sizes for this test data.

Table 2-1. Data samples used in this study.

Emission

Profile E0 E10 E15

Exhaust EPA-OTAQ Testing of Light-duty vehicles (19 Vehicles and 47 Tests) EPA-OTAQ Testing of Light-duty vehicles (19 Vehicles and 61 Tests) EPA-OTAQ Testing of Light-duty vehicles (19 Vehicles and 46 Tests)



### 2.2 Data Compilation and Average Profiles

From the studies, individual data points from each vehicle and fuel combination were analyzed and categorized by EPA SPECIATE chemical com positional type. The individual data points were grouped and quality assured using the procedure described in the Appendix A that provides the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Appendix B shows the final profiles and the EPA SPECIATE4 identification of each compound. In very few cases, where the measured compound was not an exact match to a species in SPE CIATE4, the most similar SPECIATE4 compound was used. These are provided in Appendix B.

The EPA provided data processed by SwRI for each of the fuel types (E0, E10, E15). These data consisted of detailed analysis for paraffins, ol efins, oxygenates, aromatics, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. The data were provid ed in an identical form for a ll fuel types allowing the process of aggregating the data to be a single method.

The data produced by SwRI was based upon the California Unified Cycle (LA92) test cycle distances and FTP-75 weighting factors, which re ports three phases (also called “bags”) of the cycle. The first phase began with a cold engine and simulates a 1.2-mile emissions cycle. The second phase was executed with a previously warmed engine as it simulates the running phase of 8.6 miles. The third phase is identical to the firs t phase with the exception that it is simulated with a ten-minute soaked engine af ter the running phase. Three of th e vehicles tested consisted of results for all test cycles and a composite re sult. The composite result was produced as a weighted average of weighted test cycle values . SwRI had previously calculated the composite value for the hydrocarbons. The weights applied to each phase were identical to the FTP-75 and were applied as follows: cold start weighted by 0.43, running phase by 1.0, and hot start by 0.57 where the one test of the running phase is counted for both in the cold and hot phase calculations so it sums to one. With the weights applied to the corresponding phase a weighted average was calculated based upon the LA-92 phase distances. The calculation of the composite value was applied to the aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols of the three vehi cles that contained composite data for the hydrocarbons (Honda Civic, T oyota Sienna, and the Chevy Silverado).

The summary of the data was broken into three se ctions: first phase emi ssions for all vehicles, composite emissions for three vehicles, and running emissions for all vehicles. The E0 cold startSeptember 2008



### phase for all vehicles consisted of 42.12% pa raffins, 27.15% olefins, 27.46% aromatics, and some other compound classes. The E10 data resu lted in lowered para ffins at 41.31%, reduced olefins at 24,93%, and slightly lowered aroma tics at 26.83%. A similar trend was found for the E15 fuel with the exception of the olefins whic h increased slightly from the E10 value to 25.39%. The paraffins were at 40.36% a nd the aromatics were at 24.43%.

The composite data for three vehicles was provide d quite different results. By inspecting the data of any vehicle it can be noticed that the quantity of results for th e running phase and the hot start phase are meager in comparison to the quantity of results obtained for the cold start phase. The E0 fuel provided 49.39% paraffins, 20.57% olefins, and 24.18% aromatics. E10 values declined slightly and provided 45.12% pa raffins, 18.80% olefins, and 25.33% aromatics. Differing from the trend between E0 and E10, E15 grew in va lue from E10 to 49.23% paraffins, 20.06% olefins,

and 22.16% aromatics.

2.3 Average Profiles

The final average profiles are provided in Appe ndix B. The profiles pr epared were composite and cold start exhaust profiles for E0, E10, and E15.

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### 2-2

### APPENDIX A

Quality Assurance Project Plan773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94998 415.899.0700 ENVIRON International Corporation



### Quality Assurance Project Plan

EMISSION PROFILES FOR EPA SPECIATE DATABASE, PART 2: EPAct FUELS

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-102 Work Assignment No. 1-09

Prepared for:

Patricia Rowley Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Prepared by:

Chris E. Lindhjem ENVIRON International Corporation

773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115 Novato, CA 94998

September 30, 2008September 2008

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### i TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE

QA Project Plan Identi fication and Approval

Title: Emission Profiles for EPA SPECIATE Databa se, Part 2: EPAct Fu els (EP-D-07-102, WA 1-09)

Category: IV

The included QAPP for this assignment and associated documentation is hereby recommended for approval and commits the participants of the program to follow the elements described

within.

Signature: Date: ______________ Ruth Schenk, QA Manager, US EPA, OTAQ

Signature: Date: ______________ Patricia Rowley, Work Assignment Manager, US EPA, OAQPS

Signature: Date: ______________ Sarav Arunachalam, QA Manager, CEMPD, Institute for the Environment, Un iversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Signature: Date: ______________ Alison Eyth, Contract Program Manager, CEMPD, Institute for the Environment, Un iversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Signature: Date: ______________ Chris Lindhjem, Subcontractor Work Assi gnment Manager, ENVIRON International CorporationSeptember 2008

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### ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVES, ORGANIZATION, AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............... 1-1

1.1 Purpose of Study........................................................................................................... ... 1-1 1.2 Project Objectives ......................................................................................................... ... 1-1 1.3 Secondary Data Required by the Project ......................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Planned Approach for Evaluating Project Objectives ..................................................... 1-2 1.5 Responsibilities of Pr oject Participants ........................................................................... 1-2

2.0 SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA ............................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Sources of Secondary Data Used..................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Rationale for Selecting Data Sources .............................................................................. 2-1 2.3 Identify Sources of Secondary Data in all Deliverables .................................................. 2-1

3.0 QUALITY OF SECONDARY DATA................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Quality Requirements of Secondary Data........................................................................ 3-1 3.2 QA Procedures.............................................................................................................. ... 3-1 3.3 Data Representativeness .................................................................................................. 3-3

4.0 DATA REPORTING, DATA REDUCT ION, AND DATA VALIDATION .................. 4-1

4.1 Data Reduction Procedures.............................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Data Validation Procedures ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.3 Expected Product Document............................................................................................ 4-1

TABLES

Table 4-1. SPECIATE surrogates us ed in the final profiles........................................................ 4-2 Table 4-2. Completed sp eciation tool runs.................................................................................. 4-3September 2008

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### 1-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Study

In order to model the impact of air pollutant emissions, both the mass emissions of criteria pollutants and chemical composition of those ai r pollutant emissions must be estimated. EPA maintains a database of chemical compositions called ‘speciation profil es’ for various emission sources. The speciation profiles are collected in a database program called SPECIATE that maintains the record of each profile with its referenced source, testing methods, and other detailed data allowing resear chers to decide which prof ile is most suitable.

Because of the greater use of ethanol in gasoline fuel blends, EPA needs to accurately identify the speciation of hydrocarbon emissions from use of these fuels in gasoline-fueled engines and

on-road vehicles now and in the future. The us e of the resulting speci ation profiles for these gasoline blends includes the evaluation of toxics and ozone forming potential among other potential uses for a speciation profile.

Most emissions models estimate the total criteri a pollutant emissions su ch as volatile organic carbon (VOC), but not individual components. So the speciation profile is use to distribute hydrocarbon (such as VOC) mass emissions to estimate the quantity of individual species.

The EPA maintains a database of emission profiles representativ e of mobile and stationary sources for use as inputs to mode ls that provide insight to the fu ture affects of transportation and fuels on the ambient air. The SPECIATE profiles have characteristics variable upon the emission source function, applied control methods, and of ten source fuel type. As the transportation industry standards change, control technologies become more stringent, and fuel composition begins to become more variable, the existing SPECIATE profiles become out of date. Currently, transportation fleets are expected to begin using renewable fuels as an increasing rate, which will alter the tailpipe emissions. Also, passenger cars and trucks are moving to more Tier II type vehicles, which, at present, are not accurately represented in SPECIATE. The fleet turnover and fuel type changes provide the basis for the development of new passenger car and truck SPECIATE profiles.

1.2 Project Objectives

The purpose of this work was threefold: 1) re view data collected fro m EPA, 2) recommend speciation profiles most applicable to current and future technologies and fuels, 3) prepare exhaust emission speciation profiles for E0, E10, E15, E20, and E85 sp eciation profiles in

SPECIATE and SMOKE formats. Exhaust data however was only available for E0, E10, and

E15.

1.3 Secondary Data Required by the Project

The secondary data used for this study were a seri es of studies identified by EPA as appropriate for use in this study. This background data and accompanying reports were reviewed and had to provide information about the vehicles a nd fuels used in the testing program.September 2008

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### 1-2 1.4 Planned Approach for Evalua ting Project Objectives

The planned approach was to quality assure the data for relevancy to the project goal. ENVIRON determined that the studies conform to accepted test procedures, the EPA confirmed that the test results use representative fuels and vehicles, a nd contain all the necessary chemical composition

data. The test data that conformed were collected in a format to identify outlier data points for further analysis and consideration. Lastly co mposition average profiles were determined from

the relevant and c onforming data sets.

1.5 Responsibilities of Project Participants

The ENVIRON project participants and their responsibilities are as follows: Participant Project Responsibility Chris Lindhjem Project manager

Tim Sturtz Data Analyst Tejas Shah Chemist / SPECIA TE Profile Development

Michele Jimenez SMOKE Profile Development



### In addition, EPA staff participated in the analys is and review of the individual and composite profiles developed under this work assignment.September 2008

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### 2-1 2.0 SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

2.1 Sources of Secondary Data Used

The data sources used in this study was EPA testing. (EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, ‘EPAct Phase I Testing (exh aust; E0, E10, E15; 19 vehicles)’)

2.2 Rationale for Selecting Data Sources

EPA selected the test data because these studies included represent the most comparable nonethanol and ethanol containing fu els used in late model vehicles . It was nece ssary that the fuel be consistent with one another, so that the chemical composition between the fuels best represents the effect of ethanol on emissions. The use of this study was to forecast the changes in emissions of individual compounds in the futu re with wider use of ethanol blended product.

2.3 Identify Sources of Secondary Data in all Deliverables

A database approach was used that included identifiers of the test data by the original study reference. Individual data poin ts also had vehicle and fuel identifiers that referred back to properties outlined in each study.September 2008

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### 3-1 3.0 QUALITY OF SECONDARY DATA

3.1 Quality Requirements of Secondary Data

The secondary data was required to meet a number of criteria and include sufficient description to evaluate the study prior to its use. These st andards are outlined in more detail under the QA procedures, but in general the study must be re presentative and follow appropriate procedures prior to consideration of the underlying chemi cal composition profiles produced. Additional QA steps of the results of qualifyi ng studies to ensure defensible results are also described.

3.2 QA Procedures

The approach used for this study included a seri es of steps designed to result in consistent speciation profiles for emissions from vehicles using ethanol blended gasoline and gasoline

without ethanol. There were seve ral steps in determining the a ppropriateness and consistency of the secondary data used as outlined here.

1) Were the vehicles and fuels representative? a) The EPA determined whether or not the fuels and vehicles were considered representative and provided ENVIRON w ith data that met their criteria. 2) Was the emission testing conducted properly? a) Vehicle preparation must be conducted accord ing to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) approach. b) Representative test cycles need to be used. c) The criteria pollutant emissions must be measured according to the CFR. d) Individual chemical components must be measured according the CFR procedures for alcohols and aldehydes, and othe r organic species collected a nd analyzed by standard gas chromatographic techniques such as thos e used by EPA’s Office of Research and Development.

After determining that the testing was conduc ted properly, EPA provide d ENVIRON the data.

ENVIRON then downloaded and collocated the indi vidual data results by fu el and vehicle into a series of chemical composition profil es to compare with one another.

The resulting dataset was reviewed by E NVIRON and provided to EPA to compare one

measurement to another. Indivi dual test data that exhibited outlier behavior for individual compounds or sets of compounds were excluded from the dataset used to determine the average chemical composition. EPA and ENVIRON agreed on the method to define an outlier, which was three standard deviations from the average fo r compounds that represented more than 1% of the total composition. The test data revealed outlier behavior primarily because individual compounds were extraordinarily high or, more often, the measurement excluded a large number of compounds that are found in all st udies of such exhaust components.

3.2.1 Methodology

The methodology of analyzing the data involved pu lling the data from the test cycle specific and fuel specific excel sheet, combining the data is one workbook, calculating th e percentage of each compound for each test cycle, perf orming quality assurance on all of the data points, and finallySeptember 2008

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### 3-2 averaging the data by compound to fo rm a profile for the fuel type. The data was mined from the raw data files mailed by the EPA using a visual basic macro written to extract a specified column from the data set for all files in a given di rectory. This process was executed once for the hydrocarbons, once for the aldehydes and ketones, and once for the alcohols for each fuel type.

Once executed an excel workbook would exist for each fuel type that contained three worksheets that correspond to the three compound types (i.e. hydrocarbo ns, aldehydes and ketones, and alcohols). These worksheets were combined into one worksheet such that column A of the worksheet contained compound names for hydrocar bons, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols and for each column to the right emission rates of the organic compounds (mg/mi) followed with a test cycle as a column header. This was the ‘initia l data’ setup used to analyze the data. Chemical Abstract Service numbers were applied to the compounds for ease of identification with

SPECIATE.

Below the ‘initial data’ the per centage of a compound within a te st cycle was calculated for all cycles. The ‘percentage data’ was then used for th e quality assurance (QA) process. To setup the QA the average of the percentages was taken, th e standard deviation of the percentages was calculated, the values three standard deviations below the mean were calculated, and three

standard deviations above the mean were calculated for each com pound. These QA statistics were calculated to the right of the ‘percentage da ta’. The ‘outlier identification’ procedure was laid out to the right of the ‘initial data’. For every compound and every test cycle an IF statement was executed to check if the pe rcentage data corresponding to the test cycle and compound was greater than 1% and if so if it was within three standard devi ations of the mean values for that compound. If a given value was found not to be within this criteria the cell was identified as an

outlier and if it was within the cr iteria the cell was left blank. At the bottom of each test cycle the sum of the outliers was calculated. The ‘percen tage values’ were then duplicated below the

‘outlier identification’ for the purpose of identifying which test cycles would be removed. The ‘percentage value’ test cycles were aligned with the QA test cycle columns and the count of outliers was located at the top of the duplicated percentage values. If a test cycle had one or more outliers the data was subsequent ly removed from the duplicated percentage data for the whole test cycle. Once all the outliers were removed th e average of the percentages was calculated at the right side of the duplicated data. This averag e represented the profile for that fuel type and

collection of vehicles. If no outliers had been f ound the percentage values were not duplicated and the average of the percentage data was calcul ated to the right of th e original percentages.

3.2.2 Composite Value Calculations

This process was altered slightly when consid ering the composite exha ust profile and the hot exhaust profile. The composite value profile represen ts the three vehicles th at contained data for the second two phases which were the Honda, Ci vic, Toyota Sienna, and the Chevy Silverado. The data for these vehicles provided by the EP A contained columns for bag one, two, and, three for the hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, and the alcohols. However, for the hydrocarbons there was also a composite value column. The in formation provided by EPA within the raw data files regarding composite calculations stated “L A 92 Test Cycle. Weighted Composite values (where reported) calcula ted using standard FTP weighting factors (i.e., Cold=0.43 Hot=0.57).” Using the FTP weighting factors and a LA92 te st cycle distances ENVIRON was able to calculate composite values for th e aldehydes, ketones, and alcohol s. The equation used to do so was derived from the test cycle information on Di eselNet. The FTP-75 uses weighting factors of 0.42 for cold start, 1.0 for running, and 0.57 for hot start and the LA92 distances are 1.2 miles for the first segment, 8.6 for the second, and 1.2 fo r the third and final segment. The supplied composite results were recreated using the deri ved equation and resulted in approximately theSeptember 2008

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### 3-3 same value. Confirmation to use the equation wa s provided by the EPA. The equation used for composite values is shown below that corresponded to the calculation results in the data provided by EPA. It is useful to note that this work was interested in relative chemical composition of emissions not actual emissions in grams per miles, so the relative weighti ng in the numerator of the equation presented here is the important consideration.

The number of test data considered was three ve hicles, and of that number no significant outliers

were determined.

3.2.3 Cold Start Calculations

The cold start profiles were cr eated with a larger da ta set of 19 vehicles tested with some

vehicles tested more than once for each fuel type. The numbers of significant outliers were determined to be 10 for E0 out of 49 samples, 9 for E10 out of 44 samples, and 9 for E15 out of 46 samples.

3.2.4 Hot Running Value Calculations

The hot running exhaust value calculation diffe red from the composite value calculations because the first segment of the LA92 cycle was not taken into consideration. This calculation was executed upon the hydrocarbons as well as th e aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols unlike the composite values which did not require hydrocarbon calculations.

If the test cycle was reported as non-detect (ND) the value was considered to be zero therefore if both hot cycles were ND the hot phase value woul d also be zero. A separate profile for running emissions based solely on data from Bags 2 and 3 was not developed because emission rates for a significant number of expected combustion prod ucts were below detection limits in these bags, limiting the potential usefulness of a running profile.

3.3 Data Representativeness

The representativeness of the vehicles and fuel s was determined by the EPA. Once the EPA had approved or rejected a fuel or vehicle ENVIRON was notified a nd the analysis was affected accordingly.September 2008

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### 4-1 4.0 DATA REPORTING, DATA RED UCTION, AND DATA VALIDATION

4.1 Data Reduction Procedures

Once the individual profiles were collected and outliers determined, the profiles were combined as average profiles. The aver aging approach as agreed upon by EPA was to average profiles without regard to the total emissi ons of each vehicle. The averag ing of individual profiles rather than weighting the profiles by the total emissi ons looks toward future vehicles, which are expected to have lower emissions in general.

4.2 Data Validation Procedures

The averaged profiles were compared with each other to determine if the fraction of compounds in the profiles were representative of the fu el vehicle combination and consistent with on another. For instance, ethanol and partial degr adation products such as acetaldehyde would be expected in higher quantities with ethanol bl ended fuels. The other compounds should be found in lower quantities than is found with the use of fuels without ethanol. The chemical compounds of greatest interest were defined in agreement with EPA, but included benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde at a minimum. With in the list of chemical species of interest, ENVIRON and EPA agreed upon the cr iteria to identify outlier results . Outlier criteria took the

form of three standard deviations from the mean value for compounds contributing more than 1% to the chemical composition. The rationale for only considering compounds found with 1% is that some minor compounds with an average of less than 1% of the tota l may violate the three standard deviation limit only because average va lues are small, invalidating an otherwise reasonable data sample. Likewise, an error in a compound found in small quantities will have minimal impact on the final av erage compositional analysis.

4.3 Product Document

The final report describes the average and indivi dual profiles and reports used. The individual profiles were provided in Excel or Database formats, and the average composition profiles were provided in SPECIATE and SMOKE -ready formats. In very few cases, where the measured compound was not an exact match to a species in the SPECIATE4 profile, the most similar SPECIATE4 compound was used and these are provi ded in the final report and in the summary databases provided. The report detailed the studies used and their representativeness and profiles used for the final analysis and those quality a ssurance steps necessary to produce consistent and representative profiles.

In rare cases, compounds measured for the prof iles did not have a one to one match with a

SPECIATE identification code. A list of the compounds and the closest SPECIATE match that were used to create profil es are listed in Table 4-1.September 2008

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### 4-2 Table 4-1. SPECIATE surrogates used in the final profiles.
Composite Exhaust Profiles Original Chemical Analysis SPECIATE Substitution Dimethylbenzaldehyde 2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde

Unidentified C9-C12+ C9-C12 isoalkanes

Cold Start (Bag 1) Profiles Original Chemical Analysis SPECIATE Substitution 3,4 Dimethylcumene 1,3-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzene 2-Methylbutylbenzene (Sec Amylbenzene) 1-Methyl-2-n-butylbenzene 1-Trans-2-Cis-4-Trimethylcyclope ntane 1,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane Tert-1-Butyl-4-Ethylbenzene 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzene Methylpropylbenzene (Sec Butylbenzene) (1-Methylpropyl)benzene



### ENVIRON used the following procedure to prepare SMOKE profiles. The Speciation Tool 1 

### was employed to generate the speciation input f iles required by SMOKE. These include both the speciation profiles GSPRO and the pollutant-to- pollutant (VOC-to-TOG) conversion factors GSCNV files. The Speciation Tool version 2 is a PostgreSQL da tabase application developed by

ENVIRON for EPA.

The new profiles, defined by profile identifier , species identifier (unique identifier from SPECIATE 4.0) and weight percent of species, were imported to the Speciation Tool. Outputs were generated based on the chemical mech anism Carbon Bond version 2005 (CB05). The

CB05 mechanism defines how much of the mass of each species or compound (for example, 2- methylpentane, N-butane, etc.) is attributed to each of the lumped air quality modeling compounds; PAR, OLE, TOL, XYL, FORM, ALD2, ETH, ISOP, MEOH, ETOH, CH4, ETHA, IOLE, ALDX, TERP, UNR, NVOL. Based on the moles-per-moles factor of the CB05 mechanism and the weight percen t of the input speciation profile the Speciation Tool computes the criteria VOC split factors.

The Speciation Tool requires the SMOKE invent ory table, INVTABLE, which indicates if a compound is to be treated as a toxic and whet her it is an active or tracer compound. The INVTABLE, invtable_hapcap_cb05soa_12sep 2008_v3.txt, was provide d to ENVIRON via

email on 22 Sep 2008 b y Madeleine Strum of EPA/OAQ PS/EMAD/Air Quality Modeling Group. This application, significantly different from previous versions , indicates four toxic compounds. The active toxics ar e acetaldehyde, methyl alcohol, and formaldehyde. Benzene is specified as a tracer toxic. Tabl e 4-2 identifies the four runs th at were completed for this task.

1 ENVIRON. 2007. Speciation Tool User’s Guide, Version 2.0. September.September 2008

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### 4-3 Table 4-2. Completed speciation tool runs. Run Type Mechanism Description

No toxics CB05 All VOC model species, including toxic VOC species, are computed from criteria VOC emissions.

No toxics CMAQ_CB05_SOA Benzene is th e sole mechanism compound; with SOA mechanism application. Integrate toxics CB05 HAPs species (det ermined from INVT ABLE) are to be integrated from a separate emission inventory. Part of the criteria VOC mass is replaced with HAP VOC mass.

No HAP use a CMAQ_CB05_SOA_TX The mechanism definition maps all species to FORM_PRIMARY, ALD2_PRIMARY, BENZENE, and NONBAF. Indicates SOA mechanism application.

a The mechanism files, INVTABLE, and sample control file fo r the no HAP use case were provided to ENVIRON via email by Allan Beidler on 25 Sep 2008.

### APPENDIX B

Chemical Composition ProfilesSeptember 2008

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### B-1 Table B-1. Composite exhaust profiles. Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15

Methane 74-82-8 18.46% 21.79% 21.13%

Ethane 74-84-0 2.72% 2.99% 3.08% Ethylene 74-85-1 9.55% 9.74% 10.09% Propane 74-98-6 0.13% 0.10% 0.00% Propylene 115-07-1 3.79% 4.05% 3.87% Acetylene 74-86-2 1.32% 1.61% 1.46% Propadiene 463-49-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Butane 106-97-8 3.70% 3.95% 2.70%

Trans-2-Butene 624-64-6 0.43% 0.11% 0.13%

1-Butene 106-98-9 0.64% 0.41% 0.36% 2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) 115-11-7 1.54% 2.00% 1.99% 2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentan e) 463-82-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Propyne 74-99-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 1.03% 0.70% 0.13% 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane) 75-28-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Butyne 107-00-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-2-Butene 590-18-1 0.31% 0.00% 0.09% 3-Methyl-1-Butene 563-45-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methylbutane (Isopentane) 78-78-4 2.16% 0.64% 8.25% 2-Butyne 503-17-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

1-Pentene 109-67-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyl-1-Butene 563-46-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Pentane 109-66-0 0.50% 0.00% 0.82%
Unidentified C5 Olefins #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene 78-79-5 0.15% 0.00% 0.75%

Trans-2-Pentene 646-04-8 0.21% 0.00% 0.15% 3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butene 558-37-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-2-Pentene 627-20-3 0.12% 0.00% 0.30% 2-Methyl-2-Butene 513-35-9 0.45% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentadiene 542-92-7 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylbutane 75-83-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentene 142-29-0 0.11% 0.00% 0.00% 4-Methyl-1-Pentene 691-37-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-1-Pentene 760-20-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentane 287-92-3 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 2,3-Dimethylbutane 79-29-8 0.54% 0.00% 0.00% 4-Methyl-Cis-2-Pentene 691-38-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methylpentane 107-83-5 0.96% 1.06% 0.75% 4-Methyl-Trans-2-Pentene 674-76-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylpentane 96-14-0 0.63% 1.11% 0.35% 2-Methyl-1-Pentene 763-29-1 0.00% 0.10% 0.11%

1-Hexene 592-41-6 0.00% 0.10% 0.11%

Hexane 110-54-3 0.25% 3.30% 1.01%
Unidentified C6 #N/A 0.11% 0.00% 0.00%

Trans-3-Hexene 13269-52-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-3-Hexene 7642-09-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Di-Isopropyl Ether 108-20-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Trans-2-Hexene 4050-45-7 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-Trans-2-Pentene 616-12-6 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyl-2-Pentene 625-27-4 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylcyclopentene 1120-62-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-2-Hexene 7688-21-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-Cis-2-Pentene 922-62-3 0.15% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylpentane, Note A 590-35-2 0.14% 0.05% 0.00% Methylcyclopentane, Note A 96-37-7 0.13% 0.05% 0.00%September 2008

G:\EPA-WA1-09\Speciation_Re port_93008 final exhaust.doc 

### B-2 Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15 2,4-Dimethylpentane 108-08-7 0.41% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 464-06-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 3,4-Dimethyl-1-Pentene 7385-78-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methylcyclopentene 693-89-0 0.03% 0.00% 0.00%

Benzene 71-43-2 5.70% 4.26% 4.14% 3-Methyl-1-Hexene 3404-61-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,3-Dimethylpentane 562-49-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclohexane 110-82-7 9.84% 5.64% 0.95% 2-Methylhexane 591-76-4 0.05% 0.00% 0.58% 2,3-Dimethylpentane 565-59-3 0.25% 0.35% 0.00% 1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane 1638-26-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether 994-05-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclohexene 110-83-8 0.24% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylhexane 589-34-4 0.10% 0.00% 0.19% Cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 2532-58-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Ethylpentane 617-78-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclop entane 822-50-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclop entane 1759-58-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Heptene 592-76-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540-84-1 3.41% 1.50% 2.16% 2-Methyl-1-Hexene 6094-02-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-3-Heptene 14686-14-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Heptane 142-82-5 0.03% 0.00% 1.03% Cis-3-Heptene 7642-10-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unidentified C7 #N/A 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyl-2-Hexene 2738-19-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-Trans-3-Hexene 3899-36-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-2-Heptene 14686-13-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Ethyl-Cis-2-Pentene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Penten e 107-39-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.52% 2,3-Dimethyl-2-Pentene 10574-37-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cis-2-Heptene 6443-92-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 0.00% 0.19% 1.51% Cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 2452-99-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylhexane 590-73-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 4516-69-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-Penten e 107-40-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 564-02-3 0.60% 0.00% 0.43% 2,5-Dimethylhexane 592-13-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Ethylcyclopentane 1640-89-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethylhexane 589-43-5 0.45% 0.00% 0.07% 1-Trans-2-Cis-4-Trimethylcyc lopentane #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,3-Dimethylhexane 563-16-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Trans-2-Cis-3-Trimethylcycl opentane 19374-46-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 565-75-3 1.11% 0.10% 0.33% 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 560-21-4 1.02% 0.00% 0.44%

Toluene 108-88-3 6.41% 5.74% 6.18% 2,3-Dimethylhexane 584-94-1 0.04% 0.00% 0.06% 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopentane 4259-00-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methylheptane 592-27-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 3,4-Dimethylhexane, Note B 583-48-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 4-Methylheptane 589-53-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylheptane 589-81-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.06% 1-Cis,2-Trans,3-Trimethylcyc lopentane #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.06% Cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohex ane 638-04-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohe xane 2207-04-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%September 2008

G:\EPA-WA1-09\Speciation_Re port_93008 final exhaust.doc 

### B-3 Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15 3-Ethylhexane 619-99-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 3522-94-9 0.50% 0.00% 0.14% Trans-1-Methyl-3-Ethylcycl opentane 2613-65-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cis-1-Methyl-3-Ethylcyclopentane #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane 590-66-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1-Methyl-2-Ethylcycl opentane #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-1-Ethyl-Cyclopentane 16747-50-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 1674 7-30-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane 1674 7-26-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohe xane 6876-23-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
1-Octene 111-66-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Trans-4-Octene 14850-23-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Octane 00111-65-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.71%
Unidentified C8 #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Trans-2-Octene 13389-42-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane, Note C 2207-03-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-2-Octene 7642-04-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Isopropylcyclopentane 3875-51-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylheptane 1071-26-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 1069-53-0 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% Cis-1-Methyl-2-Ethylcyclop entane 930-89-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethylheptane 2213-23-2 0.30% 0.00% 0.00% 4,4-Dimethylheptane 1068-19-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 2207-01-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Ethylcyclohexane 1678-91-7 0.01% 0.00% 0.14% 2,6-Dimethylheptane, Note D 1072-05-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 3073-66-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,5-Dimethylheptane, Note E 2216-30-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,3-Dimethylheptane 4032-86-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,5-Dimethylheptane, Note E 926-82-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 6.13% 1.79% 1.30% 2,3,4-Trimethylhexane 921-47-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2,3-Dimethylheptane 3074-71-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

M-& P-XYLENE 1330-20-7 1.33% 5.88% 5.10% 4-Methyloctane 2216-34-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,4-Dimethylheptane 922-28-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4-Ethylheptane 2216-32-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyloctane 3221-61-2 0.06% 0.00% 0.27% 3-Methyloctane 2216-33-3 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% Styrene 100-42-5 0.75% 0.00% 0.14%
O-XYLENE 95-47-6 0.59% 0.60% 1.09%

1-Nonene 124-11-8 0.05% 0.00% 0.00%

Trans-3-Nonene 20063-92-7 0.01% 0.00% 0.00%
Cis-3-Nonene 20237-46-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Nonane 111-84-2 0.26% 0.00% 0.55%

Trans-2-Nonene 6434-78-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) 98-82-8 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethyloctane 15869-87-1 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethyloctane 4032-94-4 0.04% 0.00% 0.00%
N-PROPYLBENZENE 103-65-1 0.18% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-3-Ethylbenzene 620-14-4 1.02% 0.81% 1.16% 1-Methyl-4-Ethylbenzene 622-96-8 0.39% 0.69% 0.36% 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 0.55% 2.16% 0.37% 1-Methyl-2-Ethylbenzene 611-14-3 0.27% 0.15% 0.41% 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 0.67% 2.45% 1.51% Tert-Butylbenzene 98-06-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%September 2008

G:\EPA-WA1-09\Speciation_Re port_93008 final exhaust.doc 

### B-4 Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15

1-Decene 872-05-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Decane, Note F 124-18-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Isobutylbenzene, Note F 538-93-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,3,-Dimethyl-5-Ethylben zene 934-74-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% METHYLPROPYLBENZENE (Sec Butyl benzene) 68411-44-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-3-Isopropylbenzene 535-77-3 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 526-73-8 0.09% 0.00% 0.40% 1-Methyl-4-Isopropylbenzene 99-87-6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Indan 496-11-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-2-Isopropylbenzene 527-84-4 0.04% 0.41% 0.00% 1,3-Diethylbenzene 141- 93-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,4-Diethylbenzene 105- 05-5 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-3-N-Propylbenzene 1074-43-7 0.00% 0.41% 0.00% 1-Methyl-4-N-Propylbenzene, Note G 1074-55-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2 Diethylbenzene 135- 01-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-2-N-Propylbenzene 1074-17-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,4-Dimethyl-2-Ethylbenzene 1758-88-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,3-Dimethyl-4-Ethylbenzene 874-41-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2-Dimethyl-4-Ethylbenzene 934-80-5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,3-Dimethyl-2-Ethylbenzene 2870-04-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Undecane 1120-21-4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2-Dimethyl-3-Ethylbenzene 933-98-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenze ne 95-93-2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2-METHYLBUTYLBENZENE (Sec AM YLBENZENE) 538-68-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3,4 Dimethylcumene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenze ne 527-53-7 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Tert-1-But-2-Methylben zene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenze ne 488-23-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

N-Pent-Benzene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Tert-1-But-3,5-Dimethylb enzene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Tert-1-Butyl-4-Ethylbenzene #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Dodecane 112-40-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,3,5-Triethylbenzene 102-25-0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,4-Triethylbenzene 877-44-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Hexylbenzene 1077-16-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unidentified C9-C12+ #N/A 0.24% 2.31% 1.18% Formaldehyde 50-00-0 1.49% 1.45% 1.06% Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 0.54% 1.78% 2.01%

Acrolein 107-02-8 0.13% 0.11% 0.07%

Acetone 67-64-1 0.44% 0.37% 0.47% Propionaldehyde 123-38-6 0.13% 0.07% 0.04% Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% Isobutyraldehyde 78-84-2 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%

Mek 78-93-3 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 0.35% 0.22% 0.10% Isovaleraldehyde 590-86-3 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% Valeraldehyde 110-62-3 0.14% 0.03% 0.03% O-Tolualdehyde 529-20-4 0.03% 0.02% 0.04% M/P-Tolualdehyde #N/A 0.06% 0.03% 0.05% Hexanaldehyde #N/A 0.05% 0.02% 0.01% Dimethylbenzaldehyde #N/A 0.02% 0.00% 0.05%

Methanol 67-56-1 1.14% 1.20% 0.00%

Ethanol 64-17-5 0.38% 4.39% 4.59% 2-Propanol 67-63-0 0.83% 1.05% 0.00% 1-Propanol 71-23-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%September 2008

G:\EPA-WA1-09\Speciation_Re port_93008 final exhaust.doc 

### B-5 Table B-2. Cold start exhaust profiles. Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15

Methane 74-82-8 18.39% 22.36% 21.13%

Ethane 74-84-0 2.71% 3.08% 3.08% Ethylene 74-85-1 9.47% 10.14% 10.09% Propane 74-98-6 0.13% 0.10% 0.00% Propylene 115-07-1 3.77% 4.18% 3.87% Acetylene 74-86-2 1.30% 1.78% 1.46%

Butane 106-97-8 3.69% 4.16% 2.70%

Trans-2-Butene 624-64-6 0.43% 0.10% 0.13%

1-Butene 106-98-9 0.63% 0.39% 0.36% 2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) 115-11-7 1.53% 2.07% 1.99% 1,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 1.02% 0.74% 0.13%
Cis-2-Butene 590-18-1 0.31% 0.00% 0.09% 2-Methylbutane (Isopentane) 78-78-4 2.16% 0.64% 8.25%

Pentane 109-66-0 0.50% 0.00% 0.82% 2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene 78-79-5 0.15% 0.00% 0.75%

Trans-2-Pentene 646-04 -8 0.21% 0.00% 0.15%
Cis-2-Pentene 627-20-3 0.12% 0.00% 0.30% 2-Methyl-2-Butene 513-35-9 0.45% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentadiene 542-92 -7 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylbutane 75-83-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentene 142-29-0 0.11% 0.00% 0.00% Cyclopentane 287-92-3 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 2,3-Dimethylbutane 79-29-8 0.54% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methylpentane 107-83-5 0.96% 1.09% 0.75% 3-Methylpentane 96-14-0 0.63% 1.14% 0.35% 2-Methyl-1-Pentene 763-29-1 0.00% 0.09% 0.11%

1-Hexene 592-41-6 0.00% 0.09% 0.11%

Hexane 110-54-3 0.25% 3.45% 1.01%
Unidentified C6 #N/A 0.11% 0.00% 0.00%

Trans-2-Hexene 4050-45-7 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-Trans-2-Pentene 616-12-6 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 2-Methyl-2-Pentene 625-27-4 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methyl-Cis-2-Pentene 922-62-3 0.15% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethylpentane, Note A 590-35-2 0.14% 0.05% 0.00% Methylcyclopentane, Note A 96-37-7 0.13% 0.05% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethylpentane 108-08-7 0.41% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 464- 06-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methylcyclopentene 693-89-0 0.03% 0.00% 0.00%

Benzene 71-43-2 5.67% 4.38% 4.14% Cyclohexane 110-82-7 9.78% 5.84% 0.95% 2-Methylhexane 591-76-4 0.05% 0.00% 0.58% 2,3-Dimethylpentane 565-59-3 0.25% 0.34% 0.00% Cyclohexene 110-83-8 0.24% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylhexane 589-34-4 0.10% 0.00% 0.19% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540- 84-1 3.39% 1.54% 2.16% Heptane 142-82-5 0.03% 0.00% 1.03%
Unidentified C7 #N/A 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Penten e 107-39-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.52% Methylcyclohexane 108-87 -2 0.00% 0.19% 1.51% 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 564- 02-3 0.60% 0.00% 0.43% 2,4-Dimethylhexane 589-43-5 0.45% 0.00% 0.07% 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 565- 75-3 1.11% 0.09% 0.33% 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 560- 21-4 1.02% 0.00% 0.44%

Toluene 108-88-3 6.36% 5.94% 6.18% 2,3-Dimethylhexane 584-94-1 0.03% 0.00% 0.06%September 2008

G:\EPA-WA1-09\Speciation_Re port_93008 final exhaust.doc 

### B-6 Compound CAS Number E0 E10 E15 2-Methylheptane 592-27-8 0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 3,4-Dimethylhexane, Note B 583-48-2 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 3-Methylheptane 589-81-1 0.00% 0.00% 0.06% 1-Cis,2-Trans,3-Trimethylcyc lopentane #N/A 0.00% 0.00% 0.06% 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 3522 -94-9 0.49% 0.00% 0.14%
Octane 00111-65-9 0.00% 0.00% 0.71% 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 1069 -53-0 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethylheptane 2213-23-2 0.31% 0.00% 0.00% Ethylcyclohexane 1678-91-7 0.01% 0.00% 0.14% Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 6.10% 1.82% 1.30% 2,3-Dimethylheptane 3074-71-3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

M-& P-XYLENE 1330-20-7 1.33% 6.08% 5.10% 2-Methyloctane 3221-61-2 0.06% 0.00% 0.27% 3-Methyloctane 2216-33-3 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% Styrene 100-42-5 0.74% 0.00% 0.14%
O-XYLENE 95-47-6 0.59% 0.58% 1.09%

1-Nonene 124-11-8 0.06% 0.00% 0.00%

Trans-3-Nonene 20063-92-7 0.01% 0.00% 0.00%

Nonane 111-84-2 0.26% 0.00% 0.55% Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) 98-82-8 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 2,2-Dimethyloctane 15869-87-1 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2,4-Dimethyloctane 4032-94-4 0.04% 0.00% 0.00%
N-PROPYLBENZENE 103-65-1 0.18% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-3-Ethylbenzene 620-14-4 1.02% 0.77% 1.16% 1-Methyl-4-Ethylbenzene 622-96-8 0.39% 0.66% 0.36% 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108- 67-8 0.56% 2.15% 0.37% 1-Methyl-2-Ethylbenzene 611-14-3 0.28% 0.18% 0.41% 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95- 63-6 0.68% 2.52% 1.51% 1-Methyl-3-Isopropylbenzene 535-77-3 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 526- 73-8 0.09% 0.00% 0.40% 1-Methyl-2-Isopropylbenzene 527-84-4 0.04% 0.39% 0.00% 1,4-Diethylbenzene 105- 05-5 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 1-Methyl-3-N-Propylbenzene 1074-43-7 0.00% 0.39% 0.00%
Unidentified C9-C12+ #N/A 0.25% 2.33% 1.18% Formaldehyde 50-00-0 0.89% 0.85% 1.06% Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 0.38% 1.44% 2.01%

Acrolein 107-02-8 0.07% 0.06% 0.07%

Acetone 67-64-1 0.35% 0.34% 0.47% Propionaldehyde 123-38-6 0.12% 0.05% 0.04% Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% Isobutyraldehyde 78-84-2 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%

Mek 78-93-3 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 0.26% 0.16% 0.10% Isovaleraldehyde 590-86 -3 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% Valeraldehyde 110-62-3 0.09% 0.05% 0.03% O-Tolualdehyde 529-20-4 0.05% 0.02% 0.04% M/P-Tolualdehyde #N/A 0.06% 0.04% 0.05% Hexanaldehyde #N/A 0.06% 0.03% 0.01% Dimethylbenzaldehyde #N/A 0.02% 0.00% 0.05%

Methanol 67-56-1 1.69% 0.42% 0.00%

Ethanol 64-17-5 0.81% 3.94% 4.59% 2-Propanol 67-63-0 1.35% 0.67% 0.00%