UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

STANFORD B. HOOKER, 

 Plaintiff,

 v.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE 

ADMINISTRATION (NASA), an Agency of 

the Untied States; Charles F. Bolden, Jr., 

Administrator of NASA, in his official 

capacity,

 Defendant. 

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Civil No. 12-1358 (RCL)

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Plaintiff Stanford B. Hooker (“Hooker”) brought this action alleging violations of the 

Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 522a (“Privacy Act”) by defendant, National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration (“NASA”), in their investigation of workplace misconduct allegations against 

Hooker. NASA now moves to transfer the action to the District of Maryland or, in the 

alternative, to dismiss for failure to state a claim. Def.’s Mot. to Transfer or Dismiss, ECF No. 9. 

For the reasons given below, the Court will GRANT the motion to transfer and DENY the 

motion to dismiss.

I. BACKGROUND

Hooker, a resident of the state of Maryland, is employed by NASA as an Oceanographer 

at their Goddard Space Flight Center (“Goddard”) in Greenbelt, Maryland. Compl. ¶¶ 1–2. In 

August 2010, Goddard officials initiated a workplace misconduct investigation against Hooker

involving statements he allegedly made to contractors working under his supervision at Goddard. 
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Id. ¶ 7. The contractors in question were employed by Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 

(“SSAI”), which is headquartered in Lanham, Maryland. Def.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to 

Transfer or Dismiss 4, ECF No. 9. Based on the investigation’s results, NASA took a number of 

corrective actions against Hooker, including issuing a three-day suspension. Id. at 9. 

Hooker filed the present action in August 2012 arguing, among other things, that NASA 

violated the Privacy Act by failing to “collect information to the greatest extent practicable” 

directly from Hooker himself, the subject of the investigation. Compl. ¶¶ 76-78. NASA

subsequently moved to transfer venue to the District of Maryland under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), or, 

in the alternative, to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6). Def.’s Mot. to 

Transfer or Dismiss, ECF No. 9. 

II. LEGAL STANDARD

“For the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court 

may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought.” 

28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). The statute “place[s] discretion in the district court to adjudicate motions 

for transfer according to an ‘individualized, case-by-case consideration of convenience and 

fairness.’” Stewart Org., Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., 487 U.S. 22, 29 (1988) (quoting Van Dusen v. 

Barrack, 376 U.S. 612, 622 (1964)). The movant “bears the burden of establishing that the 

transfer of this action is proper.” Greater Yellowstone Coal. v. Bosworth, 180 F. Supp. 2d 124, 

127 (D.D.C. 2001).

Courts have identified several private-interest and public-interest factors to be considered 

in determining whether the “convenience of the parties and witnesses” and “the interest of 

justice” favor a transfer of venue. Wildearth Guardians v. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 

___ F. Supp. 2d ____, No. 12-708, 2013 WL 524407, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 13, 2013). Relevant 
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private-interest factors include the plaintiff’s choice of forum, the defendant’s choice of forum, 

whether the claim arose elsewhere, and the convenience of witnesses and other sources of proof. 

Id. Public-interest factors include the desire to avoid multiplicity of litigation as a result of a 

single transaction or event, the local interest in deciding local controversies at home, and the 

relative familiarity of both venues with the governing laws. Id. 

III. ANALYSIS

NASA has established that transfer to the District of Maryland is proper because the 

action could have been filed in the District of Maryland originally and both the private and 

public interest factors favor transfer. 

A. The Action Could Have Been Filed in the District of Maryland

As a threshold matter, this Court finds that Hooker could have originally filed this action 

in the District of Maryland. An action under the Privacy Act may be brought, among other 

places, “in the district court of the United States in the district in which the complainant 

resides....” 5 U.S.C. § 552a (g)(5). Hooker resides in Maryland and does not contest that this 

action could have been properly brought in the District of Maryland. See Pl.’s Mem. in Op. to 

Def.’s Mot. to Transfer or Dismiss 12–15. This requirement is satisfied. 

B. Private Interest Factors Favor Transfer

The private interest factors weigh in favor of transfer to the District of Maryland. 

Hooker’s choice of venue only slightly militates against transfer. Although a plaintiff’s choice 

of forum is ordinarily given “great deference,” this deference is lessened when the plaintiff is not 

a resident of their chosen venue, as is the case here. Thayer/Patricof Educ. Funding, L.L.C. v. 

Pryor Res., Inc., 196 F. Supp. 2d 21, 31 (D.D.C. 2002) (citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454 

U.S. 235, 255–56 (1981)). Each of the remaining private interest factors strongly favors transfer. 
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Defendant NASA wishes to litigate this matter in the District of Maryland. The events giving 

rise to Hooker’s claim occurred entirely in Maryland. Potential witnesses, including both 

Goddard and SSAI employees, work in Maryland, and other potential sources of proof, including

records relating to the workplace misconduct investigation, would be housed at Goddard. The 

private interest factors favor transfer. 

C. Public Interest Factors Favor Transfer

The public interest factors weigh in favor of transfer to the District of Maryland. 

Maryland has a strong interest in deciding controversies between Maryland citizens and 

Maryland employers. See Sheffer v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., 873 F. Supp. 2d 371, 381 

(D.D.C. 2012). All district courts are considered to be equally familiar with the application of 

federal law such as the Privacy Act, so this factor does not weigh in either direction. Sheffer, 

873 F. Supp. 2d at 379 (citing In re Korean Air Lines Disaster of Sept. 1, 1983, 829 F.2d 1171, 

1175 (D.C. Cir. 1987)). 

IV. CONCLUSION

In sum, because both the private and public interest factors favor transfer, the Court will 

grant NASA’s motion and transfer the case to the District of Maryland. 

A separate Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion shall issue this date.

Signed by Royce C. Lamberth, United States District Judge, on August 21, 2013.