annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile

n areas 204 204 204 204 Florida_Orange 10.4 24 10.5 24 study min 4.4 10 5.0 12 Florida_PalmBeach 8.1 19 8.2 19 study P05 8.5 23 8.9 23 Florida_Pinellas 10.6 23 10.7 24 study P10 9.5 24 9.8 26 Florida_Seminole 9.8 23 9.8 23 study P25 11.0 29 11.4 31 Florida_Volusia 9.7 22 9.7 22 study med 13.0 33 13.5 34 Georgia_Chatham 14.7 32 14.9 33 study mean 12.9 33.5 13.4 35.4 Georgia_Clayton 17.5 41 17.5 41 study P75 14.7 37 15.2 39 Georgia_Cobb 16.6 38 16.6 38 study P90 16.3 40 17.0 42 Georgia_DeKalb 16.9 38 17.3 40 study P95 16.8 44 19.0 51 Georgia_Fulton 17.8 38 19 41 study max 19.2 67 26.4 79 Hawaii_Honolulu 4.4 10 5 12 study SD 2.7 7 3.1 9 Idaho_Ada 8.9 30 9.2 32 mn - 1 SD 10.2 26 10.3 26 Illinois_Cook 16.1 40 18.9 46 mn + 1 SD 15.5 41 16.6 45 Illinois_DuPage 14.6 35 14.6 35 Illinois_Kan e 14 34 14 34 Illinois_Lake 12.5 32 12.5 32

Illinois_Madison 16.6 37 19.1 41 annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile Illinois_McHenry 13 33 13 33 Alabama_Jefferson 16.3 38 19.6 45 Illinois_St.Clair 15.9 36 16.5 38 Alabama_Madison 14.5 34 14.5 34 Illinois_Will 13.7 33 14.5 35 Alabama_Mobile 13.4 30 13.9 32 Illinois_Winnebago 13.4 31 13.4 31 Alabama_Montgomery 15.3 35 15.3 35 Indiana_Allen 14.1 34 14.3 34

Alaska_Anchorage 6.4 23 6.5 24 Indiana_Marion 16.6 37 18.1 40 Arizona_Maricopa 11 29 12 34 Indiana_St.Joseph 13.8 33 14.1 34

Arizona_Pima 6.9 15 7.2 16 Iowa_Polk 10.6 29 10.8 30 Arkansas_Pulaski 14.2 32 14.6 33 Kansas_Johnson 11.5 27 11.7 29 California_Alameda 11.1 38 11.4 40 Kansas_Sedgwick 11.2 26 11.4 27 California_ContraCosta 10.7 42 10.7 42 Kentucky_Fayette 15.3 35 15.7 35

California_Fresno 18.7 67 19.9 75 Kentucky_Jefferson 16.3 39 16.9 40 California_Kern 16.4 57 21.9 79 Louisiana_Caddo 13 29 13 29 California_LosAngeles 19.2 50 22.7 61 Louisiana_E.BatonRouge 13.1 29 13.7 32 California_Riverside 18.6 46 26.4 70 Louisiana_Jefferson 12.2 28 12.4 29 California_Sacramento 12.6 52 13.3 55 Louisiana_Orleans 12.9 30 13 32 California_SanBernardino 18.9 50 24.1 69 Maine_Cumberland 10.7 30 11.4 32

California_SanDiego 14.2 36 15.6 42 Maryland_AnneArundel 14.2 36 15.5 38 California_SanFrancisco 11.2 42 11.2 42 Maryland_Baltimore 14.7 36 15.1 38 California_SanJoaquin 15 52 15 52 Maryland_Baltimore(city) 15.8 39 16.9 42 California_SanMateo 10.4 37 10.4 37 Maryland_Montgomery 13 34 13 34 California_SantaClara 12.3 45 12.8 47 Maryland_PrinceGeorge's 13.9 35 14.5 36 California_Stanislaus 17.1 65 17.1 65 Massachusetts_Bristo 11.8 32 12.1 33

Colorado_Adams 10 25 10 25 Massachusetts_Essex 10.5 30 10.7 31 Colorado_Arapahoe 8.5 23 8.5 23 Massachusetts_Hampden 12.5 35 13.7 38 Colorado_Denver 10.3 28 10.3 28 Massachusetts_Middlesex 9.8 27 9.8 27 Connecticut_Fairfield 12.8 35 13.5 38 Massachusetts_Norfolk 12 31 12 31 Connecticut_Hartford 11.6 33 12 34 Massachusetts_Plymouth 10.9 31 10.9 31 Connecticut_NewHaven 13.9 37 16.1 40 Massachusetts_Suffolk 13.3 32 14.4 35 Delaware_NewCastle 14.7 37 15.8 40 Massachusetts_Worcester 11.3 31 11.9 32 DistrictofCo_DistrictofColumbia 15.3 39 15.8 41 Michigan_Genesee 12.3 33 12.3 33 Florida_Alachua 10.2 23 10.3 23 Michigan_Ingham 12.9 34 12.9 34 Florida_Broward 8.5 20 8.6 21 Michigan_Kent 13.5 37 13.5 37 Florida_Duval 10.6 26 10.8 26 Michigan_Macomb 13.2 35 13.2 35 Florida_Escambia 12.3 28 12.3 28 Michigan_Oakland 14.6 40 14.6 40 Florida_Hillsborough 11.6 25 11.7 26 Michigan_Ottawa 13.1 35 13.1 35 Florida_Lee 8.8 19 8.8 19 Michigan_Saginaw 10.6 31 10.6 31 Florida_Leon 12.9 29 12.9 29 Michigan_Washtenaw 13.6 36 14.4 38 Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach Area 

## Bell (ST), 1999-2005 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area-period Statistics 

## Bell (ST), 1999-2005 Overall Study Summary Statistics

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach

### annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile Minnesota_Hennepin 10.4 28 10.7 30 Oregon_Multnomah 8.7 26 8.9 27 Minnesota_Ramsey 11.3 30 12.1 34 Oregon_Washington 8.4 29 9 31 Minnesota_St.Louis 7 21 8 24 Pennsylvania_Allegheny 16.1 44 20.8 63 Mississippi_Hinds 13.9 31 14.1 33 Pennsylvania_Berks 16 40 16 40 Missouri_Jackson 12.8 30 13.5 31 Pennsylvania_Cumberland 14.7 40 14.7 40 Missouri_St.Louis 13.9 35 14.3 36 Pennsylvania_Dauphin 15.5 41 15.5 41 Missouri_St.Louis(city) 14.9 35 15.3 36 Pennsylvania_Delaware 15.2 36 15.2 36 Nevada_Clark 6.9 17 10.3 28 Pennsylvania_Erie 13.3 35 13.3 35 Nevada_Washoe 8.4 29 8.9 32 Pennsylvania_Lackawanna 12.1 34 12.1 34 NewHampshire_Hillsborough 10.2 32 10.9 33 Pennsylvania_Lancaster 17 43 17 43 NewHampshire_Rockingham 9.5 28 9.6 28 Pennsylvania_Northampton 14 37 14 37 NewJersey_Bergen 13.7 36 13.7 36 Pennsylvania_Philadelphia 14.5 37 15.4 40 NewJersey_Camden 14.1 37 14.2 38 Pennsylvania_York 16.8 41 16.8 41 NewJersey_Essex 14.2 38 14.3 39 RhodeIsland_Providence 11.4 30 13.2 34 NewJersey_Gloucester 13.7 33 13.7 33 SouthCarolina_Charleston 12 29 12.3 29

NewJersey_Hudson 15.2 40 15.3 40 SouthCarolina_Greenville 15.3 33 15.8 34

NewJersey_Middlesex 12.4 34 12.4 34 SouthCarolina_Lexington 14.4 31 14.7 32

NewJersey_Morris 11.4 32 12 33 SouthCarolina_Richland 14.1 31 14.5 32 NewJersey_Passaic 13 37 13 37 SouthCarolina_Spartanburg 14.4 32 14.4 32 NewJersey_Union 14.5 38 15.7 41 Tennessee_Davidson 14.8 34 15.3 36 NewMexico_Bernalillo 6.5 18 6.9 19 Tennessee_Knox 16.8 36 17.6 38

NewYork_Albany 11.4 33 11.6 33 Tennessee_Shelby 14 33 14.7 35 NewYork_Bronx 14.7 38 15.8 40 Texas_Bexar 9.1 24 9.7 28 NewYork_Broome 11.4 31 11.4 31 Texas_Cameron 9.8 24 9.8 24

NewYork_Erie 13.6 37 14.4 38 Texas_Collin 11.6 28 11.6 28 NewYork_Kings 14.8 37 15 38 Texas_Dallas 13.3 30 14.2 32 NewYork_Monroe 11.3 31 11.5 32 Texas_ElPaso 12.6 32 14.8 41 NewYork_Nassau 12 33 12.1 34 Texas_Galveston 10.5 26 10.9 29 NewYork_NewYork 15.8 40 16.8 41 Texas_Harris 12.5 29 14.5 32 NewYork_Niagara 12.4 34 12.4 34 Texas_Hidalgo 10.8 26 11 27 NewYork_Oneida 11.9 33 11.9 33 Texas_Jefferson 11.3 29 11.5 30 NewYork_Onondaga 10.9 30 11.1 31 Texas_McLennan 10.1 33 10.1 33

NewYork_Queens 13.1 35 13.2 36 Texas_Montgomery 11.2 27 11.2 27 NewYork_Richmond 12.9 33 13.6 35 Texas_Nueces 9.9 23 10.2 25

NewYork_Suffolk 11.9 33 11.9 33 Texas_Tarrant 12.3 27 12.7 29 NewYork_Westchester 12.2 34 12.2 34 Texas_Travis 10.4 24 11.5 26 NorthCarolina_Buncombe 13.5 30 13.5 30 Utah_Davis 9.5 44 9.5 44 NorthCarolina_Durham 14.4 33 14.4 33 Utah_SaltLake 12.1 50 14.4 57 NorthCarolina_Forsyth 14.9 34 15.1 35 Virginia_Fairfax 14 35 14.4 37 NorthCarolina_Guilford 14.8 33 14.8 33 Virginia_Henrico 13.6 32 13.9 33 NorthCarolina_Mecklenburg 15.3 32 15.8 33 Virginia_Norfolk(city) 13.2 31 13.2 31 NorthCarolina_Wake 14.1 32 14.3 33 Washington_Clark 9.9 37 9.9 37 Ohio_Butler 16.3 38 16.8 40 Washington_King 9.5 27 11.5 34 Ohio_Cuyahoga 16.7 41 19 47 Washington_Pierce 11 39 11.2 43 Ohio_Franklin 16.3 39 16.9 40 Washington_Spokane 9.5 29 10.3 31 Ohio_Hamilton 17.1 39 18.5 44 Washington_Thurston 9.3 34 9.3 34

Ohio_Lake 13.5 38 13.5 38 WestVirginia_Kanawha 16.8 38 17.4 39 Ohio_Lorain 14.3 36 14.6 37 Wisconsin_Brown 11.1 34 11.4 35 Ohio_Lucas 15 38 15.2 39 Wisconsin_Dane 12.4 34 12.5 34 Ohio_Mahoning 15.7 38 15.8 39 Wisconsin_Milwaukee 13.2 36 13.8 40 Ohio_Montgomery 16 38 16.5 40 Wisconsin_Waukesha 13.4 36 13.7 36 Ohio_Stark 16.7 39 17.4 40 Ohio_Summit 16.1 40 16.5 41 Ohio_Trumbull 15.4 39 15.4 39 Oklahoma_Oklahoma 10.3 26 10.5 28

Oklahoma_Tulsa 11.9 29 12.1 31

Oregon_Lane 9.4 34 13 55 Max value approach 

## Bell (ST), 1999-2005 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach 

## Bell (ST), 1999-2005 Area-period Statistics, continuedannual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile

n areas 204 204 204 204 Florida_Miami-Dade 9.4 20 10.6 22 study min 4.5 11 4.9 13 Florida_Orange 10.9 26 11 26 study P05 8.8 23 9.2 24 Florida_PalmBeach 8.3 19 8.3 19 study P10 9.6 25 10.1 26 Florida_Pinellas 11.2 25 11.5 26 study P25 11.2 30 11.6 32 Florida_Seminole 10.1 23 10.1 23 study med 13.4 34 13.9 35 Florida_Volusia 10.1 24 10.1 24 study mean 13.3 34.5 13.9 36.6 Georgia_Chatham 15.5 36 15.6 36 study P75 15.1 38 15.6 40 Georgia_Clayton 18.2 43 18.2 43 study P90 16.8 41 17.7 45 Georgia_Cobb 17.1 39 17.1 39 study P95 17.5 50 19.9 55 Georgia_DeKalb 18 41 18.5 43 study max 20.8 77 29.2 92 Georgia_Fulton 18.6 40 20.2 43 study SD 2.9 8.6 3.4 10.4 Hawaii_Honolulu 4.5 11 4.9 13 mn - 1 SD 10.4 25.9 10.5 26.2 Idaho_Ada 9.3 33 9.6 36 mn + 1 SD 16.1 43.1 17.3 47.0 Illinois_Cook 16.8 40 20.2 47 Illinois_DuPag e 15.3 34 15.3 34

Illinois_Kane 14.6 35 14.6 35 Illinois_Lake 13.1 33 13.1 33

Illinois_Madison 17.3 38 20.1 42 annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile Illinois_McHenry 13.6 34 13.6 34 Alabama_Jefferson 17.2 39 20.6 46 Illinois_St.Clair 16.5 39 17.2 40 Alabama_Madison 15.1 34 15.1 34 Illinois_Will 14.6 33 15.5 36 Alabama_Mobile 14.1 31 14.6 33 Illinois_Winnebago 14.9 34 14.9 34 Alabama_Montgomery 16.2 36 16.2 36 Indiana_Allen 14.2 34 14.5 34

Alaska_Anchorage 6.2 24 6.4 26 Indiana_Marion 16.9 38 18.3 42 Arizona_Maricopa 11.2 29 12.2 35 Indiana_St.Joseph 14.2 33 14.4 34

Arizona_Pima 7.6 17 7.9 19 Iowa_Polk 10.7 27 11 28 Arkansas_Pulaski 14.7 32 15.1 33 Kansas_Johnson 11.9 27 12.2 28 California_Alameda 12.6 45 12.8 48 Kansas_Sedgwick 11.4 26 11.7 27 California_ContraCosta 11.7 48 11.7 48 Kentucky_Fayette 15.8 37 16.2 38

California_Fresno 19.9 74 21.8 86 Kentucky_Jefferson 17.1 41 17.7 42 California_Kern 18.1 68 23.7 92 Louisiana_Caddo 13.4 30 13.4 30 California_LosAngeles 20.8 53 24.7 65 Louisiana_E.BatonRouge 13.5 31 14.1 34 California_Riverside 20.4 50 29.2 73 Louisiana_Jefferson 12.6 29 12.9 30 California_Sacramento 13.6 60 14.5 62 Louisiana_Orleans 13.3 30 13.4 32 California_SanBernardino 20.4 53 26 73 Maine_Cumberland 10.1 30 11.1 33

California_SanDiego 15.4 38 16.9 44 Maryland_AnneArundel 14.7 36 15.7 38 California_SanFrancisco 12.5 52 12.5 52 Maryland_Baltimore 14.8 37 15.2 38 California_SanJoaquin 16.4 61 16.4 61 Maryland_Baltimore(city) 16 39 17 43 California_SanMateo 11.5 45 11.5 45 Maryland_Montgomery 13.4 37 13.4 37 California_SantaClara 13.3 51 13.6 52 Maryland_PrinceGeorge's 15.2 38 16.4 40 California_Stanislaus 19.5 77 19.5 77 Massachusetts_Bristo 11.8 32 12.1 33

Colorado_Adams 10 26 10 26 Massachusetts_Essex 11.2 31 11.4 32 Colorado_Arapahoe 8.9 23 8.9 23 Massachusetts_Hampden 13.2 37 14.4 40 Colorado_Denver 10.9 30 10.9 30 Massachusetts_Middlesex 9.8 27 9.8 27 Connecticut_Fairfield 12.9 34 13.4 37 Massachusetts_Norfolk 12 31 12 31 Connecticut_Hartford 11.7 31 12.1 32 Massachusetts_Plymouth 11.7 33 11.7 33 Connecticut_NewHaven 14.1 36 16.6 40 Massachusetts_Suffolk 13.8 33 14.8 36 Delaware_NewCastle 15 38 16.3 42 Massachusetts_Worcester 11.5 31 12.5 33 DistrictofCo_DistrictofColumbia 15.8 40 16.3 43 Michigan_Genesee 12.7 34 12.7 34 Florida_Alachua 10.7 25 10.9 25 Michigan_Ingham 13.2 36 13.2 36 Florida_Broward 8.8 22 8.8 23 Michigan_Kent 13.9 37 13.9 37 Florida_Duval 11 27 11.3 28 Michigan_Macomb 13.3 36 13.3 36 Florida_Escambia 12.8 27 12.8 27 Michigan_Oakland 14.8 40 14.8 40 Florida_Hillsborough 12.1 26 12.2 27 Michigan_Ottawa 13.4 36 13.4 36 Florida_Lee 9.2 21 9.2 21 Michigan_Saginaw 10.7 31 10.7 31 Florida_Leon 13.2 30 13.2 30 Michigan_Washtenaw 14 34 14.5 35 Florida_Manatee 10.3 28 10.3 28 Michigan_Wayne 16.7 41 19.9 46 

### Dominici (ST), 1999-2002 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach



### Dominici (ST), 1999-2002 Area-period Statistics

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach 

### Dominici (ST), 1999-2002 Overall Study Summary Statistic

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approachannual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile Minnesota_Dakota 10.8 31 10.9 32 Oregon_Lane 9.6 36 13.4 56 Minnesota_Hennepin 11.2 31 11.5 32 Oregon_Multnomah 8.8 26 9 27 Minnesota_Ramsey 11.9 33 12.7 37 Oregon_Washington 8.5 31 9.2 34 Minnesota_St.Louis 7.5 22 8.5 25 Pennsylvania_Allegheny 16.5 45 20.8 60 Mississippi_Hinds 14.3 32 14.5 34 Pennsylvania_Berks 15.9 41 15.9 41 Missouri_Jackson 13 30 13.9 31 Pennsylvania_Cumberland 14.2 39 14.2 39 Missouri_St.Louis 14.3 36 14.7 37 Pennsylvania_Dauphin 15.3 43 15.3 43 Missouri_St.Louis(city) 15.3 37 15.7 37 Pennsylvania_Delaware 14.9 36 14.9 36 Nevada_Clark 7.6 19 11.1 31 Pennsylvania_Erie 13.7 36 13.7 36 Nevada_Washoe 8.6 28 9.6 33 Pennsylvania_Lackawanna 12 35 12 35 NewHampshire_Hillsborough 11.4 34 11.5 36 Pennsylvania_Lancaster 16.7 42 16.7 42 NewHampshire_Rockingham 10 29 10.2 29 Pennsylvania_Northampton 14 38 14 38 NewJersey_Bergen 14 36 14 36 Pennsylvania_Philadelphia 14.9 39 15.5 41 NewJersey_Camden 14.3 36 14.4 36 Pennsylvania_York 16.5 41 16.5 41

NewJersey_Essex 14.6 38 14.9 39 RhodeIsland_Providence 11.6 30 14.1 35 NewJersey_Gloucester 14 35 14 35 SouthCarolina_Charleston 12.1 29 12.5 30

NewJersey_Hudson 15.7 40 15.9 40 SouthCarolina_Greenville 15.5 33 15.8 34

NewJersey_Middlesex 12.2 32 12.2 32 SouthCarolina_Lexington 14.6 30 15 31

NewJersey_Morris 11.5 31 12.1 33 SouthCarolina_Richland 14.5 31 14.8 31 NewJersey_Passaic 12.9 37 12.9 37 SouthCarolina_Spartanburg 14.7 31 14.7 31 NewJersey_Union 14.7 38 15.9 41 Tennessee_Davidson 15.5 35 16.2 38 NewMexico_Bernalillo 6.2 17 6.8 20 Tennessee_Knox 18.1 38 19.1 40

NewYork_Albany 10.9 31 11.3 32 Tennessee_Shelby 14.6 33 15.4 36 NewYork_Bronx 15 38 16 40 Texas_Bexar 9.1 24 9.7 28 NewYork_Broome 11.4 31 11.4 31 Texas_Cameron 9.7 20 9.7 20

NewYork_Erie 13.9 37 15 39 Texas_Collin 11.6 28 11.6 28 NewYork_Kings 14.9 36 15.4 37 Texas_Dallas 13.8 31 14.5 34 NewYork_Monroe 11.5 32 11.7 33 Texas_ElPaso 9.6 26 12.7 39 NewYork_Nassau 12 32 12.1 32 Texas_Galveston 10.5 29 11.1 34 NewYork_NewYork 16.4 39 17.5 40 Texas_Harris 12.1 30 14.1 34 NewYork_Niagara 12.5 34 12.5 34 Texas_Hidalgo 10.6 24 10.7 25 NewYork_Oneida 11.9 33 11.9 33 Texas_Jefferson 11.1 34 11.4 34 NewYork_Onondaga 11.2 34 11.8 35 Texas_McLennan 10.1 33 10.1 33

NewYork_Queens 13.5 35 13.7 37 Texas_Montgomery 10.7 25 10.7 25 NewYork_Richmond 13.3 34 14.2 37 Texas_Nueces 10.1 23 10.3 24

NewYork_Suffolk 12.4 32 12.4 32 Texas_Tarrant 12.2 28 12.6 29 NewYork_Westchester 12.5 34 12.5 34 Texas_Travis 10.4 24 11.5 26 NorthCarolina_Buncombe 14.2 31 14.2 31 Utah_Davis 9.5 44 9.5 44

NorthCarolina_Durham 14.9 33 14.9 33 Utah_SaltLake 12.3 54 14.1 61 NorthCarolina_Forsyth 15.4 35 15.7 36 Virginia_Fairfax 14.2 36 14.6 37 NorthCarolina_Guilford 15.5 34 15.6 35 Virginia_Henrico 13.7 32 14 33 NorthCarolina_Mecklenburg 15.7 33 16.2 34 Virginia_Norfolk(city) 13.4 31 13.4 31 NorthCarolina_Wake 14.6 33 14.8 35 Washington_Clark 9.9 38 9.9 38 Ohio_Butler 16.8 38 17.3 40 Washington_King 9.6 28 11.8 37 Ohio_Cuyahoga 17.1 41 19.6 47 Washington_Pierce 11.1 38 11.5 45 Ohio_Franklin 17.1 39 17.7 41 Washington_Spokane 9.3 30 10.4 33 Ohio_Hamilton 17.5 40 18.9 44 Washington_Thurston 9.7 36 9.7 36

Ohio_Lake 13.9 39 13.9 39 WestVirginia_Kanawha 17.5 39 18.1 41 Ohio_Lorain 14.9 37 14.9 39 Wisconsin_Brown 11.1 33 11.8 34 Ohio_Lucas 15.4 39 15.6 39 Wisconsin_Dane 12.7 34 12.9 34 Ohio_Mahoning 16 39 16 39 Wisconsin_Milwaukee 13.5 36 14.2 40 Ohio_Montgomer y 16.5 38 17 39 Wisconsin_Waukesha 13.4 36 13.8 37 Ohio_Stark 17.3 41 18.1 42 Ohio_Summit 16.8 41 17.2 42 Ohio_Trumbull 15.9 39 15.9 39 Oklahoma_Oklahoma 10.5 27 10.8 29

Oklahoma_Tulsa 12.2 29 12.6 30 

### Dominici (ST), 1999-2002 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach 

### Dominici (ST), 1999-2002 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approachannual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile

n areas 99 99 99 99 Grand Rapids 13.5 37 13.5 37 study min 6.4 17 6.7 19 Greensb 14.8 33 14.8 33 study P05 9.2 24 9.7 24 Harrisburg 15.5 41 15.5 41 study P10 10.4 26 10.5 28 Hartford 12.6 35 12.6 35 study P25 11.6 30 12.0 32 Holland 12.2 35 12.2 35 study med 13.5 35 14.3 36 Houston 12.9 29 14.5 32 study mean 13.7 35.6 14.1 36.9 Indianapolis 16.6 37 18.1 40 study P75 15.4 39 15.8 41 Jacksonville 10.6 26 10.8 26 study P90 16.8 42 17.6 45 Kansas City 12.8 30 13.7 32 study P95 18.2 52 19.1 55 Klamath 10.7 41 10.7 41 study max 26.4 75 26.4 79 Knoxville 16.8 36 17.6 38 study SD 3.0 9.4 3.2 9.7 Little Rock 14.3 32 14.6 33 mn - 1 SD 10.7 26.2 11.0 27.2 Los Angeles 21.2 58 21.2 58 mn + 1 SD 16.8 45.0 17.3 46.6 Louisville 16.3 39 16.9 40 Medford 11.1 39 11.2 40 Memphis 14.4 33 14.7 35

Miami 9.2 20 10.1 21

Middletown 16.2 38 16.6 40 annual

mean 98th percentile annual

mean 98th percentile Milwaukee 13.2 36 13.8 40 Akron 16.1 40 16.5 41 Minneapolis 10.5 29 10.7 30 Albuquerque 6.4 17 6.7 19 Nashville 14.8 34 15.3 36 Allentown 14 37 14 37 Newhaven 14.6 38 16 40 Anaheim 17.6 51 17.6 51 New Orleans 12.9 30 13 32 Annandale 13.8 35 13.8 35 New York 14.5 37 16.8 42

Atlanta 18.1 39 19 41 Norfolk 13.2 31 13.2 31 Austin 11.5 26 11.5 26 Oklahoma 10.3 26 10.5 28 Bakersfield 21 75 21.9 79 Omaha 10.4 27 10.7 29 Baltimore 15.8 39 16.9 42 Orlando 10.4 24 10.4 24 Baton Rouge 13.6 30 13.7 32 Pensacola 12.4 28 12.4 28 Bend 7.6 23 7.6 23 Philadelphia 14.5 37 15.4 40 Birmingham 18.8 44 19.6 45 Phoenix 11.4 31 12 34

Boston 13.3 32 14.4 35 Pittsburgh 15.3 39 15.7 42 Carlisle 14.9 41 14.9 41 Portarthur 11.5 30 11.5 30 Cedar Rapids 11.1 31 11.2 32 Portland 8.7 26 8.9 27

Charleston 12 29 12 29 Providence 11.4 30 12.5 33 Charlotte 15.3 32 15.8 33 Provo 10.4 38 10.4 38 Chesapeake 12.9 31 12.9 31 Raleigh 14.1 32 14.3 33

Chicago 16.3 39 17.2 43 Richmond 14.4 33 14.4 33 Cincinnati 17.3 39 18.4 43 Rubidoux 26.4 70 26.4 70 Cleveland 17 42 19 47 Sacramento 12.6 52 13.3 55 Columbia 14.5 32 14.5 32 Salt Lake 13 52 14.4 55 Columbus 16.3 39 16.9 40 Sanantonio 9.8 22 9.8 22

Dallas 13.3 30 14.2 32 Scranton 12.1 34 12.1 34 Davenport 12.4 31 12.8 33 Seattle 10.1 28 11.5 31

Davie 8.4 20 8.4 20 Spokane 9.7 29 10.3 31 Dayton 16 38 16.5 40 Springfield 13.3 37 13.7 38 Denver 10.4 28 10.5 28 State College 13.2 38 13.2 38 Des Moines 10.8 29 10.8 30 Steubenville 17.8 45 17.8 45

Detroit 15.9 42 17.2 44 Stlouis 14.9 35 15.3 36 Durham 14.4 33 14.4 33 Tacoma 11.2 39 11.2 41 El Cajon 14.8 39 14.8 39 Tampa 11.6 25 11.7 26 Elizabeth 15 39 15.7 41 Taylors 14.8 33 14.8 33 Elpaso 12.4 31 14.8 41 Toledo 15 38 15.2 39 Erie 13.3 35 13.3 35 Tulsa 11.9 29 12.1 31 Eugene 9.1 36 9.1 36 Warren 15.4 39 15.4 39 Fresno 19.7 72 19.9 73 Washington 15 36 15 36 Gary 16.3 40 17.5 45 Waukesha 13.4 36 13.7 36 Wilmington 15.8 39 15.8 39

Winston 14.9 34 15.1 35 Worcester 12 32 12.3 32 Youngstown 15.7 38 15.8 39 

### Zanobetti (ST) 1999-2005 Area-period Statistics, continued

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach



### Zanobetti (ST) 1999-2005 Area-period Statistics

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach 

### Zanobetti (ST) 1999-2005 Overall Study Summary Statistics

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach Max value approach

### Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean

n areas 36 36 study min 4.7 5.0 study P05 9.4 11.4 study P10 9.7 12.1 study P25 10.8 14.2 study med 12.5 17.1 study mean 12.9 16.8 study P75 15.1 18.7 study P90 16.9 21.2 study P95 17.8 23.1 study max 18.3 28.3 study SD 3.0 4.3 mn - 1 SD 9.8 12.5 mn + 1 SD 15.9 21.0

&RPS mon approach Max value approach annual mean annual mean Birmingham 17.9 22.3 Bronx 13.8 18.4 Buffalo 12.8 16.1 Chestnut Hill 11.3 15.8

Chicago 14.5 18.3 Cincinnati 16.5 19.3 Columbus 16.8 19.3 Davenport 12.9 15.3

Decatur 17.7 21.5 Des Moines 10.4 11.4

Detroit 14.7 20.1 Durham 14.8 17.9 Fall River 11.6 16.2 Gainesville 12.4 18.1 Honolulu 4.7 5 Houston 11.9 14.3 Iowa City 11.3 14.8 Jacksonville 12.2 15.6

La Jolla 17 25.3 Los Angeles 18.3 28.3

Memphis 15.5 16.9

Miami 9.6 11.3 Middleton 12.6 16.5 Milwaukee 12.7 17.3 Minneapolis 10.9 13.8

Oakland 11.8 18.7 Phoenix 10.2 12.1 Pittsburgh 15.8 20.9 Portland 8.9 12.8

Reno 9.7 18.7 Sacramento 10.9 18.7 San Antonio 10.1 12.1

Seattle 10.4 13 Tucson 9.5 12.6 Washington 15 17.8 Winston-Sale m 15.7 17.9 

## Miller (LT), 2000 Overall Study Summary Statistics



## Miller (LT), 2000 Area-period Statistics

Area

### Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean

n areas 38 38 Phoenix 10.3 12.6 study min 6.3 9 Portland 8.4 9.4 study P05 8.8 9.7 Providence 10.9 14.9 study P10 10.0 10.2 Reno 8.5 9.4 study P25 13.3 13.9 Salt Lake City 10.7 13.4 study med 15.1 16.1 San Francisco 12 12.6 study mean 14.8 16.3 San Jose 14.6 14.9 study P75 17.1 18.8 Seattle 10.6 12.3 study P90 19.0 22.5 Spokane 9.4 10.6 study P95 19.8 23.2 St. Paul 12.8 13.8 study max 20.5 24.9 Steubenville 18.7 19.4 study SD 3.5 4.3 Tampa 12.3 13.2 mn - 1 SD 11.3 12.0 Topeka 11.6 11.6 mn + 1 SD 18.3 20.6 Wichita 11.8 12.1 Youngstown 16.3 16.5

Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean Akron 16.4 17.3 Albuquerque 6.3 8.5

Ashland 15 15 Atlanta 19.8 22.3 Bakersfield 18.9 24.4 Bethlehem 13.2 13.6 Birmingham 19.2 22.9 Boise 9.2 9.8 Buffalo 14.2 16.1 Butte 10.4 10.4 Camden 14.6 14.8 Charlotte 16.4 17.2 Chattanooga 18.6 19

Chicago 16.5 21 Cincinnati 18.3 19.7 Cleveland 17.2 20.5

Dallas 13.6 15.2 Dayton 17 17.8 Denver 8.5 9.7 Durham 14.7 15.7 El Paso 8.9 9.7 Fresno 20.5 23 Gary 15.1 16.9 Hartford 11 11.3 Houston 12.2 14.3 Indianapolis 17.1 18.1

Jackson 15.7 16.1 Jersey City 13.8 16.6 Little rock 15.7 16 Los Angeles 19.9 24.9 Minneapolis 18.3 20.2

Mobile 16.3 16.8 Nashville 16.9 18 Norfolk 13.4 13.7 Oklahoma City 10.5 10.9 Omaha 10.7 11.4 Pasadena 14.6 16.1 Philadelphia 13.9 15.3 

## Krewski (LT), 1999-2000 Overall Study Summary Statistics



## Krewski (LT), 1999-2000 Area-period Statistics 

## Krewski (LT), 1999-2000 Area-period Statistics, continued

### Area Com SRVLWH monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean Area Composite monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean

n areas 38 38 Phoenix 9.6 11.9 study min 6.7 9.1 Portland 8.5 9.8 study P05 9.0 10.3 Providence 10.7 14.1 study P10 9.7 10.9 Reno 8.1 9.5 study P25 12.6 13.7 Salt Lake City 11.9 14.6 study med 14.5 15.4 San Francisco 11.8 12.5 study mean 14.0 15.8 San Jose 12.4 12.8 study P75 16.2 18.6 Seattle 10.3 11.9 study P90 16.9 20.0 Spokane 9.4 10.4 study P95 17.8 20.6 St. Paul 11.9 12.7 study max 20.2 24.4 Steubenville 18.1 18.6 study SD 3.0 3.6 Tampa 11.4 12.0 mn - 1 SD 11.1 12.2 Topeka 10.8 10.9 mn + 1 SD 17.0 19.4 Wichita 11.0 11.4 Youngstown 15.7 15.8

Area Composite monitor approach annual mean Max value approach annual mean Akron 16.2 17.0 Albuquerque 6.7 10.2

Ashland 15.5 15.5 Atlanta 17.1 19.3 Bakersfield 17.7 22.8 Bethlehem 14.3 14.6 Birmingham 16.1 19.6 Boise 9.7 10.3 Buffalo 13.5 15.0 Butte 9.1 9.1 Camden 14.3 14.6 Charlotte 15.1 15.7 Chattanooga 16.2 16.8

Chicago 15.8 19.6 Cincinnati 16.8 18.6 Cleveland 16.3 19.2

Dallas 12.5 13.7 Dayton 15.7 16.8 Denver 8.5 11.0 Durham 13.7 14.7 El Paso 9.7 13.8 Fresno 18.6 19.9 Gary 15.3 17.7 Hartford 12.0 12.5 Houston 11.5 14.1 Indianapolis 16.8 18.5

Jackson 13.6 14.0 Jersey City 13.7 15.9 Little rock 14.4 15.1 Los Angeles 20.2 24.4 Minneapolis 14.7 20.1

Mobile 13.0 13.4 Nashville 14.6 15.3 Norfolk 12.9 13.3 Oklahoma City 10.1 10.8 Omaha 10.5 11.1 Pasadena 16.3 20.2 Philadelphia 14.8 16.2 

## Eftim (LT), 2000-2002 Overall Study Summary Statistics



## Eftim (LT), 2000-2002

Area-period Statistics 

## Eftim (LT), 2000-2002 Area-period Statistics, continuedConcentration (μg/m 3 )Representative Long-Term Exposure StudiesRepresentative Short-Term Exposure StudiesEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxBell Dominici06ZanobettiEftim-ACS KrewskiMiller051015202530Figure 1:Distribution of study-specific area means:Left plots represent the study author results; middle plots represent EPA replicationresults using a composite monitor(spatial average) approach; and right plots represent EPA replication results using a maximumvalue approach (max monitor mean for eachyear averaged over the study timeframe).Black outlined boxes denote inter-quartilerange and medians, stars denote means with cyan rectangles spanning +/- one standard deviation from the mean, and dots representthe minimum and maximum values.Concentration (μg/m 3 )Figure 2:Distribution of EPA derived study-specific area 98thpercentiles: Left plots represent the study author results; middle plotsrepresent EPA replication results using a composite monitor (spatial average) approach; and rightplots represent EPA replicationresults using a maximum value approach (max monitor 98thpercentile for each year averaged over the study timeframe). Blackoutlined boxes denote inter-quartile range and medians, stars denote means with cyan rectanglesspanning +/- one standarddeviation from the mean, and dots represent the minimum and maximum values.EPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxBellDominici06 ZanobettiEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmaxEPACMStudyAuthorEPAmax05101520253035404550556065707580859095100