## UNITED STA TES ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON , DC 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



## PC Code: 060109 DP Barcode: 376635 Date : December 28 , 2010
MEMORANDUM Subject: Ecological Risk Assessment for the Proposed New Use of Thiamethoxam as a

Seed Treatment for Alfalfa
To: Kable Davis , Risk Manager Reviewer

Venus Eagle, Risk Manager Registration Division (7505P)
From: Anita Ullagaddi , Biologist

Christopher M. Koper, Chemist Nancy Andrews, Branch Chie f Environmental Risk Branch I Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Attached is the Environmental Fate and Effects Division ’s (EFED) Ecological Risk A ssessment in response to Sy ngenta’s Section 3 request to register Cruiser, a formulated pro duct containing the active ingredient thiamethoxam , for use on alfalfa as a seed treatment

. Risks to Non

-target Organisms This assessment includes the parent thiamethoxam and one major degradate , CGA

- 322704 (clothianidin). Since clothianidin is a registered active ingredient, a full suite of toxicity data is available (U.S. EPA, 2005b, DP 313414). While clothianidin was similarly or less toxic to terrestrial organisms than thiamethoxam, clothianidin was about two orders of magnitude more toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute exposure basis and about three orders of magnitude more toxic to freshwater invertebrates on a chronic exposure basis

. Therefore, a separate aquatic invertebrate assessment was included for the degradate clothianidin. Base d on the results of this screening

- level risk asse ssment for the proposed new use of thiamethoxam, there is potential for risks to aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and plants . Details on potential risks to non

-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms are discussed below. Aquatic Organisms Risks quotients (RQs) for thiamethoxam fell below acute and chronic levels of concern (LOCs) for listed and non

- listed freshwater and estuarine/marine fish for the assessed use

. Similarly,

## 2

there were no acute LOC exceedances for listed and non

- listed freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates. However, in the absence of adequate chronic toxicity data for freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates, chronic risks were assumed. There were no acute or chronic LOC exceedances for freshwater or estuarine/marine invertebrates exposed to the degradate CGA

322704 (clothianidin) as a result of the proposed thiamethoxam use. RQs for the proposed use did not exceed the LOC for risks to aquatic plants

. Terrestrial Organisms There were no acute and chronic LOC exceedances for small birds and small mammals. Risks to terrestrial plants could not be evaluated due to lack of data. In the absence of required Tier I data and conditionally

required Tier II data, EFED assumes risks to terrestrial plants.
Potential risks to non

-target arthropods, including pollinators, remain a key issue with thiamethoxam registrations. Several incidents involving bee kills with other neonicotinoid insecticides in Europe warrant the need for additional data and mitigation strategies. For example, a bee kill incident in Germany in May 2008 may have been caused by

use of clothianidin as a dust seed treatment for corn 1 

## . A seed sticker was not used for the dust treatment, and se eds were planted using upward rather than downward venting equipment, which caused clothianidin dust particles to drift. In addition, heavy rain caused the corn seed to be planted later than normal when neighboring canola fields were already in bloom. Simi lar incidents have occurred in France, Ital y, and Slovenia , prompting the need for regulatory

action

. Although a method for quantification of risks to terrestrial invertebrates is not yet in practice, environmental fate and toxicological data indicate that thiamethoxam is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide and is highly toxic to honey

bees on an acute exposure basis ; therefore, EFED assumes risk to non

-target beneficial arthropods, including pollinators such as bees, d ue to exposure to translo cated thiamethoxam residues, including its degradate clothianidin2


## , in pollen and nectar as a result of the proposed seed treatment

. Pollinator field study data have previousl y been requested to reduce uncertainties and to better characterize potential eff ects (including sublethal ones) and the translocation ability of the chemical within tissues of the crop. Two field studies have been received and were reviewed since the previous assessment but do not satisfy data requirements (see Section 4.1 )

. Recomme nded Label Revisions As noted in previous assessments, the following statement should be modified on all labels, as shown below : “Cruiser is a selective seed treatment insecticide, and its use is compatible with integrated pest management programs .”

1 

### http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/ecosystem/pollinator

-protection.html#international 2 

### While the degree to which thiamethoxam is metabolized to clothianidin within the plant is unknown and may vary by crop, clothianidin’s toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates is similar to thiamethoxam ’s toxicity, which is demonstrated by acute contact and oral honey bee data.

## 3

Thiamethoxam is a broad

- spectrum insecticide rather than a selective insecticide; the mode of action of the chemical is to mimic acetylcholine, which causes overstimulation of the acetyl choline receptor, the effects of which would not be limited to commercially relevant piercing and sucking insects. Because of the potential for exposure to and effects of translocated residues in nectar and pollen to beneficial arthropods , the word “selective” should not be included on the label

. All seed bag labels should include the label statements listed below. The statements have been selected in accordance with the Label Review Manual 3



## . However, these statements should be modified, as shown below, to be specific to the Cruiser seed treatment label

. Ground Water Adviso ry “Thiamethoxam has properties and characteristics associated with chemicals detected in ground water. This chemical may leach into ground water if used in areas where soils are permeable, particularly

where the water table is shallow .” Surface Water Lab el Advisories “Thiamethoxam may

also impact surface water quality due to runoff of rain water and spray drift. This is especially true for poorl y draining soils and soils with shallow ground water. This chemical is classified as having a high potential for reaching both surface water and aquatic sediment via runoff several months or more after application. A level, well maintained vegetative buffer strip between areas to which this product is applied and surface water features such as ponds, streams, and springs will reduce the potential for contamination of water from rainfall

-runoff. Runoff of this product will be reduced b y avoiding applications when rainfall is forecasted to occur within 48 hours .” Modification : “Thiamethoxam may also impact surface wat er quality due to runoff of rain water. This is especially

true for poorly

draining soils and soils with shallow ground water. This chemical is classified as having a high potential for reaching both surface water and aquatic sediment via runoff several months or more after application. A level, well maintained vegetative buffer strip between areas to which this product is applied and surface water features such as ponds, streams, and springs will reduce the potential for contamination of water from rainfal l

-runoff.” Precautionary Labeling for Bees “This product is highl y toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area .” Modification : “ Thiamethoxam is highly toxic to bees , and effects are possible as a result of exposure to translocated residues in blooming crops .” Finally, there are discrepancies on the label regarding the number of applications allowed as wel l as the timing of the application. Under the Seed Bag Label Requirements section, the following statement is included:

3 

### http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/labeling/lrm/

## 4

“With the exception of cotton and soy beans, do not make any

soil or foliar application of products containing thiamethoxam to crops grown from seed treated with Cruiser (thiamethoxam).” In the Crop Use Directions section, the language implies that other ty pes of thiamethoxam applications (soil drench, foliar spray) are allowed as long as the maximum rate is not exceeded for the growing season; however, this is only the case for cotton and soy beans, and soil drench and foliar spray applications for alfalfa (and other crops included on the label but not part of the current action) have not even been registered. Additionall y, the language in this section should be modified to apply to a seed treatment. For example, the use of the “treatment window approach” is not applicable to a seed treatment , as treated seeds will be planted according to cultural practice rather than pest pressure. Data Gaps The following five studies have been identified as data gaps according to the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements. Receipt of acceptable studies would reduce risk characterization uncertainties.
1. Whole Sediment Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Inv ertebrates (850.1735): This 28

- day

study measures survival, growth, and emergence of Chironomus riparius that has been exposed to pesticide

- spiked sediment and overlying water. EFED recommends that a request be made for this acute sediment toxicity test, which also measures chronic effects, because thiamethoxam is very highly toxic to midge and is persistent in the environment. The previously

submitted study

on midge (MRID 447149

- 18) larvae exposed to thiamethoxam

spiked water solution and is 48 hours in d uration. Therefore, chronic risks to sediment

- dwelling midge could not be comprehensively assessed using this study . Prior to initiation of this study, a protocol should be submitted to EFED for approval. 2. Field Test for Pollinators (850.3040) 4 

## : Becaus e thiamethoxam is highl y toxic to bees on an acute exposure basis and is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide, pollinators have a high potential of being exposed to and affected b y residues of thiamethoxam and its degradation products (clothianidin) in pollen and nectar of plants. EFED recommends that the registrant conduct field studies at maximum proposed la

bel rates using crop s that are attractive to bees ( e.g., pears or apples) for seed treatment, foliar, and soil applications. These three studies should be conducted in consultation with EFED and should examine the exposure and effects to adults and larvae . The studies should measure the amount of thiamethoxam translocated to the nectar and pollen of the target crop and rotational crops and potential adverse effects, including sublethal effects. 3. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (seedling emergence) (850.4100): Testing of a ty pical end

-use product (TEP) is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate. Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the

4 

### EFED acknowl edges recent receipt of two pollinator field studies (MRID 480533

- 01, 480533

- 02). However, the studies do not satisfy data requirements (see Section 4.1 )

.

## 5

control. Currentl y, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effect s to all listed species based on potential habitat modification

. 4. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (vegetative vigor) (850.4150): Testing of a TEP is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate. Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effects to all listed species based on potential habitat modification. 5. Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test (850.2100): Data are required for one passerine species and either one waterfowl species or one upland game bird species for terrestrial, aquatic, forestry, and residential outdoor uses. The current method of calculating a weight

- adjusted LD 50 

## using bobwhite quail or mallard duck data may over- or under

- estimate risks to passerines because these birds may

metabolize the chemical differently . Because the 850.2100 guideline has not yet been finalized, protocols for the study of passerine species should be submitted to EFED for approval prior to study initiation. Additionally, the following uncertainties were identified for this risk assessment:

 Studies are not available to document the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on chronic exposure basis to both estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. However, the acute studies for both freshwater fish and estuarine/marine fish do not suggest a great difference in toxicity across media; effects are expected to be similar for both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Currentl y, risks are assumed to estuarine/marine invertebrates on a chronic basis; if a definitive chronic freshwater midge study (850.1735; see data gap #1 ) is received, the acute

-to - chronic ratio method can also be used to extrapolate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates as follows: Chronic toxicitymysid shrimp 

## = Acute toxicitymysid shrimp 

## x Chronic toxicitymidge 

## / Acute toxicitymidge 

## . However, the acute

-to

- chronic ratio adds uncertainty to the risk estimation because the actual toxicity

value and the resulting risk quotients may be over

- or under

- estimated.

 This risk assessment considers the most sensitive surrogate species evaluated in the registrant

- submitted studies. The position of the tested species relative to the distribution of all species’ sensitivities to thiamethoxam is unknown. Extrapolating the risk conclusions from the most sensitive tested species to non

- tested species may either underestimate or overestimate the potential risks to those species. The acute toxicity of thiamethoxam to midge (EC 5 0 

## = 35 μg/L) and water flea (EC 50 

## >106,000 μg/L) highlights this point.

## 6 

# Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 7 2. Use Characterization

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 7 3. Exposure Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 9 4. Ecological Effects Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ . 13 5. Ecological Risks Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15 6. Data Gaps and Uncertainties

................................ ................................ ................................ . 20 7. Listed Species

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 21 Appendix 1: T

- REX Inputs/Outputs

................................ ................................ ............................. 23 Appendix 2: PRZM/EXAMS Outputs

................................ ................................ .......................... 24 Appendix 3: LOCATES Run

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 32

## 7

1. Executive Summary
Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide registered for use on numerous crops such as grain cereals, vegetables, oilseeds, fruits, turf, soy bean, and ornamentals for the control of commerciall y relevant sucking and piercing insects that feed on the v ascular tissue of crop plants. The proposed action is to register Cruiser, a formulated product containing thiamethoxam , as a seed treatment for use on alfalfa at a rate of 0.001 mg a.i./seed . As suming that there are 210,000 alfalfa seeds in a pound, the maximum application rate is 10 g a.i./acre (0.022 lb a.i./acre).
A number of risk assessments have been conducted on thiamethoxam. Previous assessments have identified potential risks primarily to terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, although potential for risk was also identified for birds and mammals. Because thiamethoxam is a systemic and persistent broad

- spectrum insecticide , particular concern for non-target beneficial arthropods, including po llinators , has been identified (D P 357206 , May 18, 2009 ). Additionally, potential risks to aquatic invertebrates due to exposure to the degradate CGA

322704 (clothianidin) have been identified in previous assessments but were not identified for the proposed alfalfa use

. Taxonomic groups for which concern levels were exceeded for the assessed alfalfa use are summarized in Table 1

.

Table 1. Summary of LOC Exce edances for the Proposed Alfalfa Seed Treatment Use

Effect Taxonomic Group

Birds Mam mals Terre st. Plants Terrest
.

Inverts Fish Aquatic Inverts Aquatic

Plants Direct Effect LOC Exceedance -- -- √ a 

### √b



### -- √c



### -- Indirect Effect Potential √ √ √ √ √ √ √

a

### The lack of submitted data causes direct effects to be assumed for terrestrial plants and indirect effects to be assumed for all taxa. b

### RQs were not calculated due to lack of quantification methodo logy. Therefore, the ‘LOC exc eedance’ was based on toxicity data, the mo de of action , and the systemic nature of thiamethoxam.
c 

### Chronic risks for aquatic invertebrates are assumed in the absence of appropriate data. There were no acute LOC exceedances for aquatic invertebrates.



## 2
. Use Characterization The registrant has proposed to register thiamethoxam as a seed treatment on alfalfa at the maximum rate of 0.022 lb a.i./acre (Cruiser)

. Application is assumed to be limited to ground as treated seed must be incorporated to a depth of at least one inch. Table 2 summarizes the proposed new use.

## 8

Table 2. Assessed Application Rates for Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Uses Proposed Label Use 1 

### Source of Application Rate Application Rate per Season Cruiser Alfalfa Proposed Label 0.022 lb a.i./acre 1 

### All application scenarios represent ground application of treated seed incorporated to a depth of at least one inch.



## 2.1. Scope of Assessment
This assessment considers thiamethoxam and one major degradate of concern (clothianidin) for aquatic animals. Clothianidin formed at a rate of 13.2% of the parent in a terrestrial field dissipation study (MRID 449489

- 02 ) and was a prevalent minor degradate in other studies

. Clothianidin is a degradate of concern because of its retention of the parent’s N

-nitro group and the relevant environmental conditions under which it forms. Because clothianidin is also a registered active ingredient, a full suite of toxicity data is available, and risks were estimated separately for the parent thiamethoxam and the degradate clothianidin. Clothianidin is of similar or less toxicity

to terrestrial animals compared to thiamethoxam ; therefore, potential risks were not quantified for terrestrial animals resulting from exposure to this degradate

. However, clothianidin was more toxic than thiamethoxam to certain aquatic invertebrates. This assessment follows an abbreviated format because several other assessment s have been complete d recentl y (DP357206, May

18, 2009 ; DP364285, July 30, 2009; D P367942+, May 18, 2010 ) , and risk conclusions are similar to or not as extensive as those predicted in previous assessments

. 2.2 Nature of the Chemical Stressor Thiamethoxam is very

soluble (4100 mg/L) in water. The vapor pressure (4.95 x 10 - 11 

## mm Hg) and Henry's Law Constant (4.65 x 10 - 15 

## atm m3 

## /mol) indicate that the compound is relatively non-volatile under field conditions. The compound does not dissociate within the range of pH 2 to 12. All fate data requirements for thiamethoxam are fulfilled except for the bioaccumulation fish study (165

- 4) ; however, the n

- octanol water partition coefficient (Log Kow 

## = - 0.13) for thiamethoxam indicates a low potential for bioaccumulation. The principal routes of dissipation for thiamethoxam are photodegradation in water, alkaline

catal yz ed hydrol ys is, and leaching. Other probable routes of dissipation are aerobic aquatic metabolism and foliar absorption. Aerobic aquatic metabolism is considered a probable route of dissipation based on the different rates of degradation of thiamethoxam in terrestrial and aquatic environments; thiamethoxam had substantially lower half

- lives (13.8 to16.8 days) in aerobic aquatic environments as compared to aerobic soil environments (112 to 408 days). This apparent difference in the persistence of thiamethoxam in terrestrial and aquatic environments is likely to be due to hydrol ys is under alkaline pH conditions in the aerobic aquatic metabolism study

. Additionally, root uptake, leaching, and foliar absorption are expected to be a probab le route of dissipation because thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide with an extremely low partitioning coefficient.

## 9

Additional environmental fate data can be found in the earlier assessment (DP357206, May 18, 2009).
3
. Exposure Summary

3.1. Terrest

rial Exposures
T

- REX v1.4.1 was used to estimate potential exposures to birds and mammals. Estimated concentrations of thiamethoxam to which birds and mammals could be exposed via consumption of treated seed are in Table 3 . Additionally, Table 3 includes an estimate of available active ingredient per square foot to which birds and mammals could be exposed. EECs used to calculate risk quotients for birds and mammals that may consume treated seeds are based on the concentration of thiamethoxam on treated se eds. The proposed label indicates the amount of a.i. to be applied (in mg) per seed , with an average number of alfalfa seeds per pound (0.001 mg a.i./seed x 210,000 seeds/lb seed = 210 mg a.i./lb seed) . In addition, the specific field loading restriction of 0.022 lb a.i./acre is provided, although this can be considered a high

- end estimate because seeding rates are ty picall y lower than 48 lb seed/acre (210 mg a.i./lb seed * 100 lb seed x 0.0000022 lb/mg = 0.0463 lb a.i./100 lb seed; 0.022 lb a.i./acre ÷ 0. 0463 lb a.i./100 lb seed = 48 lb seed/acre)

. T

- REX inputs and outputs are included in Appendix 1

. Table 3
. Avian and Mammalian Estimated Exposure Concentrations (EECs) for Proposed and Registered Thiamethoxam Seed Treatments
Crop Maximum

Application Rat e (lb a.i./A) Maximum

Concentration on Seed (mg a.i./kg

- seed) Avian Dose

(mg a.i./kg

bw/day)* Mam malian

Dose (mg a.i./kg

bw/day)* Available a.i.

(mg a.i./ft2

### )*

Cruiser Alfalfa 0.022 463.00 1

. 17 0. 98 0. 00 23 *Multiplied by 0.01 to account for incorporatio n requirement.



## No toxicity

studies were submitted for terrestrial plants; therefore , potential exposures to terrestrial plants were not quantified. Terrestrial exposure concentrations were not estimated for the CGA

- 322704 degradate (clothianidin) becaus e it is not expected to pose additional toxicity concern s (see Section 3.3 and 4 of DP357206 (May 18, 2009) for additional information) at the amount and degradation pathway that it is formed

. 3.2. Aquatic Exposures
The Tier II aquatic assessment was perfor med using PRZM (v3.12.2)/EXAMS (v. 2.98.04.06) modeling with standard pond scenario. Detailed description of these models can be found in a previous assessment (DP357206, May 18, 2009). The parent thiamethoxam and the degradate clothianidin were assessed s eparately

.

## 10

3.2.1 Exposure Estimates for the Parent Compound
The PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for thiamethoxam are shown in T able 4

. Inputs are equivalent to those used in previous assessments (D P 357206 , May 18, 2009 )

. Results of the PRZM/EXAMS modeling ex ercises are in Table 5

. PRZM/EXAMS outputs are included in Appendix 2

. Since there are no standard scenarios for alfalfa, the organophosphate (OP) alfalfa scenarios (CA, MN, NC, PA, TX) were used as surrogate scenarios

. Application methods and rates were obtained from the proposed labels for alfalfa seeds. C onsidering the seed treatment, the date of initial application of thiamethoxam was 7 days before the crop emergence date from the respective crop scenarios. Table 4. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters f or Thiamethoxam Input Parameter Value Comment Source Scenario (s): Al falfa : CA, MN, NC, PA, TX Alfalfa representative scenarios for each use N/A

Maximum Single Application Rate: lb a.i./A (kg a.i./ha) Al falfa: 0.022 (0.025) proposed rates proposed label

Applications per Year Seed Treatments : Al falfa: 1 l abel directions. Label specifies rates per season. If crops are rotated with those on which thiamethoxam is used, yearly rates may be higher. proposed label

Application Interval (days ) N/A ( single application only) intervals were selected to reflect labeled application patterns. proposed label

Date of Initial Application (scenario: day

- month) Al falfa: CA Alfalfa: 09

- 01 MN Alfalfa: 25

- 05 NC Alfalfa: 25

- 03 PA Alfalfa: 09

- 03 TX Alfalfa: 25

- 08 7 days before crop emergence was selected for seed treatment scenarios. Crop Scenarios

Application Method ground (seed treatment) l abel directions proposed label CAM Input 4 soil applied, user defined incorporation depth, uniform with depth proposed label

Incorporation Depth (cm.) 2.54 l abel directions (> 1 in.) proposed label IPSCND Input 1 remaining pesticide on foliag e is converted to surface application to the top soil layer US EP A, 2005

Spray Drift Fraction 0 incorporated seed treatment Input parameter guidance (USEPA, 2009 ) Application Efficiency 1.00 seed treatment Input parameter guidance (USEPA, 2009 )

## 11 Table 4. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters f or Thiamethoxam Input Parameter Value Comment Source Molecular Mass (g/mol) 291.7 product chemistry data US EPA, 2007 Vapor Pressure at 25°C (torr) 4.95 x 10 - 11 

### product chemistry data US EPA, 2007
Henry’s Law Constant (atm

- m3 

### /mol) 4.65 x 10 - 15 

### calculated from volatility and solubility data registrant submitted data
Solubility in Water at 25 o 

### C (mg/L) 4100 product chemistry data 

### US EPA, 2007
Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (KO C

### ) (L/kg OC

### ) 70.23 represents the average KOC 

### MRID 44703502

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half

- life (days) 480.92 represents the 90 th 

### %

- ile confidence bound on the mean half

- life MRID 44703418

MRID 44703419 MRID 44703501 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half

- life (days) 19.92 represents the 90 th 

### %

- ile confidence bound on the mean half

- life MRID 44715032

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half

- life (days) 43.98 represents the 90 th 

### %

- ile confidence bound on the mean half

- life 

### MRID 44 715029

MRID 44715030 MRID 44715031 Hydro lysis Half

- lives (days) Stable pH 7 MRID 44703417 Aqueous Photolysis Half

- life (days) 4.46 represents the 90 th 

### %

- ile confidence bound on the mean half

- life MRID 44715032

N/A = Not Applicable



## Table 5. Thiamethoxam Estimated Environmental Concentration s (EECs) for Surface Water Based on Selected Crop Scenarios Proposed Label Use PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario (first app. d ate) Application Rate Peak EEC ( 

## μg/L ) 21

- day EEC

( 

## μg/L ) 60

- day EEC

( 

## μg/L )
Alfalfa CA Alfalfa

(January 9) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.18 0. 16 0.13
MN Alfalfa (May 25) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.13 0.10 0.07
NC Alfalfa (March 25) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.26 0.23 0.17
PA Alfalfa (March 9) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.18 0.16 0.12
TX Alfalfa (August 25) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.42 0.30 0.20 Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth, 100 % application efficiency and 0% spray drift. 1 

### = Bold EECs are the maximum concentrations predicted by the PRZM/EXAMS model

## 12

3.2.2 Exposure Estimates for the Degradate CGA

-322704 (Clothianidin)
The PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for CGA

- 322704 (clothianidin) are shown in Table 6

. Inputs are equivalent to inputs used in previous assessments (D357206)

. Results of the PRZM/EXAMS mode ling exercises are in Table 7

. Clothiani din application rates were calculated using the following equation: Application rate of clothianidin = ( 0.022, thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversio n rate from the degradation of thiametho xam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)


## Table 6. PRZM/EXAMS Input P arameters for CGA

-322704 (Clothianidin) 1 

### Input Parameter Value Comment Source 

### Molecular Mass (g/mol) 249.7 Product chemistry data Vapor Pressure at 25°C (torr) 4.27 x 10 - 10 

### Product chemistry data Solubility in Water (mg/L) 300 Product chemistry data Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (KOC

### ) (L/kg OC

### ) 188 Represents the average KOC 

### MRID 454223

- 11

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half

- life (days) 744 Represents the 90 th 

### %

- ile confidence bound on the mean half

- life MRID 454223

- 25 MRID 454223

- 26
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half

- life (days) 1488 2X aerobic soil half

- life No acceptable

aerobic aquatic half

life Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half

- life (days) 27 X 3 Selected input parameter was multiplied by 3 according to Guidance for selecting inputs parameter in modeling for environmental fate and transport of pesticides, (U.S. EPA, 2009 ) MRID 454223

- 20

Hydro lysis Half

- lives (days) Stable pH 7 MRID 454223

- 17 Aqueous Photolysis Half

- life (days) 1.1 to 34 Longest half

- life of 34 days used instead of aqueous photolysis half

- life because of demonstrated persistence in water and on soil surface exposed to sunlight. MRID 454222

- 23 (soil) MRID 454222

- 18 MRID 454222

- 22 MRID 454222

- 19 MRID 454222

- 21 (water) Scenario TX Alfalfa N/A 1 

### Maximum Single Application Rate 0.0025 lb a.i./acre *
Spray Drift Fraction 0.0 Default values Input parameter guidance (U.S. EPA, 2 009 ) Application Efficiency 1.0 Default values Input parameter guidance (U.S. EPA, 2009 )

## 13

Table 6. PRZM/EXAMS Input P arameters for CGA

-322704 (Clothianidin) 1 

### Input Parameter Value Comment Source
1 

### Input values obtained from clothianidin chapter (U

. S

. EPA , 2006) * App lication rate of clothianidin = ( 0.022, thiamethoxam application rate ) x (0.132, the maxim um conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86 , the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)



## Table 7
. Clothianidin Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for Surfa ce Water based on Selected Crop Scenarios
Proposed Label Use PRZM/EXAMS Scenario (first app. d ate) Application Rate* Peak EEC ( μg/L) 21

- day

EEC ( μg/L) 60

- day

EEC ( μg/L) Alfalfa TX Alfalfa

(August 25) 1 app @ 0.0 025 lb a.i./acre 0.13 0.13 0.12

* App lic ation rate of clothianidin = ( 0.022, thiamethoxam application rate ) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86 , the mo lecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiame thoxam) Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth; 100 % application efficiency and 0% spray drif t is assumed.


## 4
. Ecological Effects Summary

4.1. Toxicity Data for the Parent Compound
A summary of toxicity

data , including data used to calculate RQs , is provided in Table 8

. Additional discussion of the data can be found in a previous assessment (DP357206; May 18, 2009).

Table 8 . Thiamethoxam Toxicity Data Study Type Species Toxicity Value Toxicity Classification MRID & Status Ac ute

– Freshwater Fish Rainbow trout

( Oncorhynchus mykiss) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : >100,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 100,000 μg/L Practically non

-toxic 447149

- 16 Supplemental
Ac ute

– Freshwater Fish Bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : >114,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 114,000 μg/L Practically non

-toxic 447149

- 17 Acceptable Ac ute

– Estuarine/Marine Fish Sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinodon variegatus) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : >111,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 111,000 μg/L Practically non

-toxic 447149

- 20 Acceptable

Chronic

– Freshwater Fish Rainbow trout

( Oncorhynchus mykiss) NOAEC: 20,000 μg/L

LOAEC: >20,000 μg/L (no effects on reproduction at 20 ,000 μg/L) NA 447149

- 23 Supplemental
Ac ute

– Freshwater Invertebrate Water flea ( Daphnia magna ) 48

-hr EC 50 

### : >106,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 3 6,000 μg/L Practically non

-toxic 447149

- 19 Supplemental Ac ute

– Freshwater Invertebrate Midge ( Chironomus

riparius) 48

-hr EC 50 

### : 35 μg/L *

NOAEC: 13 μg/L Very highly toxic 447149

- 18

Acceptable

## 14

Table 8 . Thiamethoxam Toxicity Data Study Type Species Toxicity Value Toxicity Classification MRID & Status Ac ute

– Freshwater Invertebrate Red Swamp Crayfish

(Procambarus clarki i) 96

-hr EC 50 

### : 2 3 00 μg/L (based on death and immobilization) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : 2300

- 2600 μg/L NOAEC: 65 0 μg/L Moderately toxic 475581

- 06 Supplemental

Ac ute

– Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Eastern oyster

( Crassostrea virginica ) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : >119,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 74,000 μg/L Practically non

-toxic 447149

- 21 Acceptable Ac ute

– Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Mysid shrimp

( Americamysis bahia ) 96

-hr LC 50 

### : 6900 μg/L * NOAEC: <2000 μg/L Moderately toxic 447149

- 22 Acceptable
Chronic

– Freshwater Invertebrate Water flea ( Daphnia magna ) NOAEC: 50,000 μg/L

LOAEC: 101,000 μg/L (n umber of neonates produced) NA 447149

- 24 Supplemental Aquatic

– Non

vascular Plants Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ) 96 hr EC 50 

### : >97,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 97,000 μg/L (no effects noted) NA 447149

- 26 Acceptable Aquatic

– Vascular Plants Duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) 7 day EC 50 

### : >90,000 μg/L

NOAEC: 22,000 μg/L (no effects noted) NA 447149

- 25 Acceptable
Ac ute

– Avian Oral Bobwhite Quail

(Colinus virginianus) LD 50 

### : 1552 mg/kg

-bw /day NOAEC: 125 mg/kg

bw /day Slightly toxic 447033

- 07 Acceptable Ac ute

– Avian Oral Mallard Duck

( Anas platyrhynchos) LD 50 

### : 576 mg/kg

-bw /day * NOAEC: Not determined Slightly toxic 447033

- 07 Acceptable Ac ute

– Avian Dietary Bobwhite Quail

(Colinus virginianus) LC 50 

### : >5200 mg/kg

- diet NOAEC: 2600 mg/kg

- diet Practically non

-toxic 447033

- 09 Acceptable Ac ute

– Avian Dietary Mallard Duck

( Anas platyrhynchos) LC 50 

### : >5200 mg/kg

- diet NOAEC: 1300 mg/kg

- diet Practically non

-toxic 447033

- 10 Acceptable Chronic

– Avian Reproduction Bobwhite Quail

(Colinus virginianus) NOAEC: 900 mg/kg

- diet LOAEC: >900 mg/kg

- diet (reduced egg size) NA 447033

- 12 Acceptable Chronic

– Avian Reproduction Mallard Duck

( Anas platyrhynchos) NOAEC: 300 mg/kg

- diet * LOAEC: 900 mg/kg

- diet (weight loss in parental
males) NA 447033

- 11 Acceptable
Ac ute

– Mammalian Oral Rat (Rattus norvegicus) LD 50 

### : 1563 mg/kg

-bw * Slightly toxic 447033

- 14 Chronic

– Mammalian Reproduction Rat (Rattus

norvegicus) NOAEL: 10 mg/kg

-bw /day* LOAEL: 30 mg/kg

-bw

/day (increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in the testes of male rats) NA 447187

- 07

Ac ute

– Contact Toxicity Honey Bee

( Apis mellifera ) LD 50 

### : 0. 024 μg/bee

NOAEL: 0.005 μg/bee Highly toxic 447149

- 27 Acceptable Ac ute

– Oral Toxicity Honey Bee

( Apis mellifera ) LD 50 

### : 0.005 μ g/bee

NOAEL: 0.002 μg/bee Highly toxic 447149

- 27 Acceptable Foliage Residue Toxicity Honey Bee

( Apis mellifera ) RT 25 

### : Not determined NA 447275

- 01 Supplemental *Value used for risk quantification.

## 15

One midge study

(MRID 447149

- 28) was submitted since the last assessment and is currently under review. Two pollinator field studies (MRID 480533

- 01, 480533

- 02) that tested the effects of a thiamethoxam formulation on winter oilseed rape in France have been submitted and were reviewed since the last assessment. These studies were classified as supplemental and were not used in this assessment because they do not satisfy

data requirements. The two major deviations were that mixture products ( i.e., the product formulation contained more than one active ingredient) were used and that the tested application rates were lower than the maximum labeled application rates.
4.2. Toxicity Data for the Degradate CGA

-322704 (Clothianidin) A summary

of the most sensitive definitive toxicity data for CGA

- 322704 (clothianidin) used to calculate RQs is in Table 9

. Terrestrial animal toxicity data are not included because clothianidin has demonstrated similar or less toxicity in terrestrial organisms , including honey bees, as compared to thiamethoxam

. Additional information, including qualitative , non- definitive , or endpoints less sensitive than the parent compound, can be found in EFED’s 2005 Ecological Risk Assessment Document (U.S. EPA, 2005b, DP 313414) produced for clothianidin

. Table 9 . Toxic Effects in Aquatic Invertebrate s Due to Exposure to Clothianidin Test Type Test Species Product Tested (% a.i.) Toxicity Value

( μg/L) Toxicity

Classification Study

Classification MRID #

Ac ute

– Freshwater Midge

( Chironomus riparius) 97.6 48

-hr EC 50 

### : 22* Very highly toxic Supplemental 454224

- 14

Chronic

– Freshwater Water flea

( Daphnia magna ) 96 LOAEC: 120 NOAEC: 42* (based on reproduction) NA Supplemental 454224

- 12

Ac ute

– Estuarine/ Marine Mysid

( Americamysis bahia) 97.6 96

-hr LC 50 

### : 51* Very highly toxic Acceptable 454224

- 03

Chronic

– Estuarine/ Marine Mysid

( Mysidopsis bahia ) 97.6 LOAEC: 9.7 NOAEC: 5.1* (based on reproduction) NA Acceptable 454224

- 05

*denotes values used to calculate RQs



## 4.3. Incidents

EFED maintains an incident database s ystem called the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) to track and evaluate accidental kills associated with pesticide use. Based on the information contained in the incident report, the likelihood of a particular pesticide causing the incident is classified as highly probable, probable, p ossible, or unlike ly . If there are incidents, the information will be reviewed and considered in conjunction with the degree to which the LOCs were exceeded, information on sales, local use practices, and monitored levels in the environment to determine whether the predicted effect based on labeled use of the product is likely to occur or not.

## 16

A search of the EIIS database on December 7 , 2010 yi elded a few incidents specifying bee mortalities; these incidents are currently under review. No other taxa were identified as having been adversel y affected by thiamethoxam. Although incident reporting is required under FIFRA Section 6(a)(2), the absence of reports in EIIS does not indicate that the chemical has no effects on wildlife; rather, it is possible that incidents have gone unreported. A search of the EIIS database on May

15, 2009 for incidents involving other neonicotinoids, including clothianidin, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran, identified several incidents. These incidents involved large numbers of bees as well as birds, plants, crayfish, and fish and are currentl y under review. Several incidents involving bee kills with other neonicotinoid insecticides in Europe have been reported. For example, a bee kill incident in Germany in May 2008 was likely caused by use of clothianidin as a seed treatment for corn 5 

## . A seed sticker was not used for the dust treatment, and seeds were planted using upward rather than downward venting equipment, which caused clothianidin dust particles to drift. In addition, heavy rain caused the corn seed to be planted later than normal when neighboring canola fields were already in bloom

. Similar incidents have occurred in France, Ital y, and Slovenia , prompting the need for regulatory

action

. A thorough review of all incidents is cur rently underway.
5
. Ecological Risks Summary

5. 1. Potential Risks of Thiamethoxam Exposure to Terrestrial Organisms
This assessment assumes that birds and mammals consume 100% of their diet as treated seeds, and 1% of seeds are available to be consumed as labels specify incorporation of treated seed to a depth of at least one inch.
5.1.1. Birds Thiamethoxam is classified as practically non- toxic to birds on a dietary basis and slightly

toxic on an acute oral dos e basis. None of the acute and chronic RQs ex ceeded levels of concern for birds exposed to treated alfalfa seeds ( Table 10 ).
5.1.2. Mammals Thiamethoxam is classified as slightly toxic to mammals on an acute oral basis

. Chronic effects observed at the LOAEL (30 mg/kg

-bw/day) for mammals included increase d incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in the testes of male rats. None of the acute or chronic RQs exceeded concern levels ( Table 1 0 ) for the proposed alfalfa use

.

5 

### http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/ecosystem/pollinator

-protection.html#international

## 17

Table 10 . Summary of Avian and Mammalian RQs for Thiamethoxam (Cruiser) Seed Tr eatment Use

Use Avian (20 g) Mam malian (15 g)

Acute (M ethod 1) 1 

### Acute

(M ethod 2) 2 

### Chronic 3 

### Acute (M ethod 1) 1 

### Acute

(M ethod 2) 2 

### Chronic 3 

### Cruiser Alfalfa * < 0.0 1 < 0. 01 0.0 2 < 0.0 1 < 0.0 1 0.0 2 * RQs based on EECs multiplied by an incorporation factor of 0.0 1 to account for burying of seed. 1 

### Method 1 calculated using the following equation: RQ = (mg a.i./kg

-bw /day) / LD 50 2

### Method 2 calculated using the following equation: RQ = (mg a.i./ft2 

### ) / (LD 50 

### * b w) 3 

### Chronic RQ calculated using the following formula: RQ = (mg a.i./kg seed) / NOAEC



## 5.1.3. Terrestrial Plants
Data were not submitted to assess the toxicity of thiamethoxam to terrestrial plants. Therefore,
risks to terrestrial and semi

- aquatic plants are as sumed

. 5.1.4. Terrestrial Invertebrates Currently, EFED does not quantify potential risks of pesticides to non- listed terrestrial non

- target arthropods . However, based on the data submitted on honey bee toxicity, thiamethoxam is highly toxic to honey

bees ( LD 50 

## = 0.024 and 0.005 μg/bee on an acute contact and oral exposure bas i s, respectivel y). B ecause thiamethoxam is a systemic, persistent insecticide, EFED assumes risks to non- target terrestrial invertebrates, including pollinators such as bees, due to exposure to translocated thiamethoxam residues, including its degradate clothianidin, in pollen and nectar. While the degree to which thiamethoxam is metabolized to clothianidin within the plant is unknown and may vary by crop, clothianidin has similar toxicity to thiamethoxam , which is demonstrated by

acute contact and oral honey bee data. Pollinator field study data have been requested to reduce uncertainties and better characterize potential effects through the possible routes of exposure ; some data were received but were classified as supplemental and do not satisf y data requirements (see Section 4.1 )

. EFED’s supposition of potential risks to pollinators and other non

-target beneficial arthropods is supported by incidents associated with other neonicotinoids in Europe (see Section 4.3 ). A practice to mitigate risks to non

-target arthropods, which may provide commercially important pollination and other ecological services, include s, but is not limited to , establishing and maintaining alternative untreated habitat and forage in areas surrounding agricultural fields 6



## . 5 .2. Potential Risks of Thiamethoxam Exposure to Aquatic Organisms
5.2.1. Fish
A definitive LC 50 

## was not estab lished for thiamethoxam for either freshwater or estuarine/marine fish. As a result, acute risk quotients were not calculated for fish. However, a comparison of the established NOAEC values of 100,000 μg/L for rainbow trout, 114,000 μg/L for bluegill sunfish,

6 

### http://www.xerces .org/pollinator

- conservation

- agriculture/

## 18

and 111,000 μg/L for sheepshead minnow from acute exposure studies with the estimated peak surface water concentrations of thiamethoxam, which ranged from 0.13 to 0.42 μg/L , suggest that estimated peak exposure concentrations are well below the concentrations shown to result in no adverse effects to both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Therefore, potential risks do not trigger concern s at this time for either freshwater or estuarine/marine fish on the acute exposure basis. Although no chronic effects on reproduction were noted, a comparison of the highest dose tested in the study

(20,000 μg/L) for freshwater rainbow trout with the 6 0

- day average EECs ( 0.07 to 0.20 μg/L) indicated that exposure estimates are well below concern levels for potential chronic risks to freshwater fish. Although chronic data were not submitted for estuarine/marine fish, chronic risks would similarly fall be low concern levels as acute freshwater and estuarine/marine fish data do not suggest a difference in sensitivity across media.
5.2.2 Aquatic Invertebrates

A summary

of risk quotients based on acute exposure of freshwater midge and estuarine/marine mysid to thiamethoxam is presented in Table 1 1 , below

. There are no acute LOC exceedances for freshwater or estuarine/marine invertebrates

. Chronic RQs for freshwater invertebrates (daphnids) based on exposure to thiamethoxam do not exceed LOCs based on the NOAEC value of 50 ,000 μg/L and peak exposure concentrations of 0.30 μg/L and less

. However, thiamethoxam was more acutel y toxic to the freshwater midge than the daphnid. In the absence of chronic midge data, the acute to chronic ratio (ACR) was used to predict a NOAEC for the midge. Based on the ACR

- derived midge NOAEC (NOAEC <16.51 μg/L, see Section 4.1.2 of a previous assessment; DP357206, May 18, 2009), it is possible for chronic LOCs to be exceeded (chronic EECs ranged from 0.10 to 0.30 μg/L). Chronic risk to freshwater invertebrates cannot be ruled out until acceptable chronic midge data (satisfied by the 850.1735 guideline) providing a definitive NOAEC is submitted to the Agency . Since the ACR

- derived midge NOAEC is non

definitive (<16.51 μg/L), chronic risks to freshwater invertebrates were assumed to exceed listed species LOCs for the proposed use . Additionally, either the chronic midge data or a chronic mysid study

is needed to evaluate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates. In the absence of this data, chronic risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates were assumed for listed species.

Table 11
. Acute Risk Quotients for Aquatic Invertebrates Thiamethoxam Applications B ased on Selected Crop Scenarios

Proposed Label Use PRZM/EXA MS S cenario (first app. d ate) Application Rate Peak EEC ( 

## μg/L ) Freshwater

Acute RQ Estuarine/

Marine Acute RQ

Alfalfa TX Alfalfa

(August 25) 1 app @ 0.022 lb a.i./acre 0.42 0.01 <0.01 Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth, 100 % application efficiency and 0% spray drift.

## 19

5.2.3. Aquatic Plants Potential risks to aquatic plants from the proposed new uses of thiamethoxam were evaluated using the toxicity

data for a vascular plant ( Lemna gibba ) and a non

-vascular plant ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ) . Toxicity values for these two aquatic plants were non

definitive (> than the highest concentration tested); therefore, risks for the above species were ascertained based on the comparisons of estimated peak thiamethoxam concentrations in surface water and the non

- definitive toxicity values. The mo st conservative peak EEC (0.42 μg/L) is several orders of magnitude lower than the non - definitive toxicity values for vascular (EC 50 

## >90,000 μg/L) and non

-vascular (EC 50 

## >97,000 μg/L) plants ; therefore , risks to aquatic plants are presumabl y less than concern levels.
5.3. Potential Risks of Major Degradate CGA

-322704 (Clothianidin) Exposure to Aquatic Organisms RQs did not exceed the acute or chronic LOC s for freshwater invertebrates exposed to the degradate CGA

- 322704 (clothianidin) as a result of the proposed thiamethoxam application ( Table 12 )

. Table 12
. Risk Quotients for Freshwater Invertebrates Exposed to Major D egradate CGA

-322704 (C lothianidin) of Thiamethoxam for Surface Water
Proposed Label Use Peak EEC (μg/L) Acute RQ 21

- day EEC (μg/L) Chronic RQ

Alfalfa 0.13 0.01 0.13 <0.01

* App lication rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate ) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86 , the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)

. Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth ; 100 % application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.



## RQs did not exceed acute or chronic LOCs for estuarine/marine invertebrates exposed to the degradate CGA

- 322704 (clothianidin) as a result of the proposed thiamethoxam application rates ( Table 1 3 ).

Table 13
. Risk Quotients for Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates Exposed to Major D egradate CGA

-322704 (C lothianidin) of Thiamethoxam for Surface Water
Proposed Label Use Peak EEC (μg/L) Acute RQ 21

- day EEC (μg/L) Chronic RQ

Alfalfa 0.13 <0.01 0.13 0.02

* App lication rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate ) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86 , the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)/ Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth ; 100 % application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.

## 20

6
. Data Gaps and Uncertainties
The following five studies have been identified as data gaps according to the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements. Receipt of acceptable studies would reduce risk characterization uncertainties. 1. Whole Sediment Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Invertebrates (850.1735): This 28

- day

study measures survival, growth, and emergence of Chironomus riparius that has been exposed to pesticide

- spiked sediment and overlying water

. EFED recommends that a request be made for this acute sediment toxicity test , which also measures chronic effects, because thiamethox am is very highly toxic to midge and is persistent in the environment. The previously

submitted study

on midge (MRID 447149

- 18) larvae exposed to thiamethoxam

spiked water solution and is 48 hours in duration. Therefore, chronic risks to sediment

- dwelling midge could not be comprehensively assessed using this study

. Prior to initiation of this study, a protocol should be submitted to EFED for approval. 2. Field Test for Pollinators (850.3040) 7 

## : Because thiamethoxam is highl y toxic to bees on an acute expo sure basis and is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide, pollinators have a high potential of being exposed to and affected b y residues of thiamethoxam and its degradation products (clothianidin) in pollen and nectar of plants. EFED recommends that the registrant conduct field studies at maximum proposed label rates using crops that are attractive to bees ( e.g., pears or apples) for seed treatment, foliar, and soil applications. These three studies should be conducted in consultation with EFED and should examine the exposure and effects to adults and larvae . The studies should measure the amount of thiamethoxam translocated to the nectar and pollen of the target crop and rotational crops and potential adverse effects, including sublethal effects.
3 . Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (seedling emergence) (850.4100): Testing of a ty pical end

-use product (TEP) is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate. Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currentl y, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effect s to all listed species based on potential habitat modi fication.
4 . Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (vegetative vigor) (850.4150): Testing of a TEP is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate. Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effect s to all listed species based on potential habitat modification

. 5 . Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test (850.2100): Data are required for one passerine species and either one waterfowl species or one upland game bird species for terrestrial, aquatic, forestry,

7 

### EFED acknowledges receipt of two pollinator field studies (MRID 480533

- 01, 480533

- 02). These studies were classified as supplemental and do not satisfy data requirements (see Section 4.1 )

.

## 21

and residential outdoor uses. The current method of calculating a wei ght

- adjusted LD 50 

## using bobwhite quail or mallard duck data may over- or under

- estimate risks to passerines because these birds may

metabolize the chemical differently . Because the 850.2100 guideline has not yet been finalized, protocols for the study of p asserine species should be submitted to EPA for approval prior to study initiation. Additionally, the following uncertainties were identified for this risk assessment:

 Studies are not available to document the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on chronic exp osure basis to both estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. However, the acute studies for both freshwater fish and estuarine/marine fish do not suggest a great difference in toxicity across media; effects are expected to be similar for both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Currentl y, risks are assumed to estuarine/marine invertebrates on a chronic basis; if a definitive chronic freshwater midge study (850.1735; see data gap #1) is received, the acute

-to

- chronic ratio method can also be used to extrap olate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates as follows: Chronic toxicitymysid shrimp 

## = Acute toxicitymysid shrimp 

## x Chronic toxicitymidge 

## / Acute toxicitymidge 

## . However, the acute

-to

- chronic ratio adds uncertainty to the risk estimation because the actual toxicity

value and the resulting risk quotients may be over

- or under

- estimated.

 This risk assessment only considered the most sensitive of the species evaluated in the registrant

- submitted studies. The position of the tested species relative to the distribution of all species’ sensitivities to thiamethoxam is unknown. Extrapolating the risk conclusions from the most sensitive tested species to non

- tested species may either underestimate or overestimate the potential risks to those species. The acute toxicity of thiamethoxam to midge (EC 50 

## = 35 μg/L) and water flea (EC 50 

## >106,000 μg/L) highlights this point.
7. Listed Species This assessment identified potential direct effects to terrestrial invertebrates

. Also, potential risks to listed terrestrial plants were assumed to exceed concern levels due to the absence of toxicity data fo r terrestrial plants. LOC exceedances for listed species are summarized in Table 1 4

.
Table 1 4 . Potential Effects to Federally Listed Taxa

Listed Taxa Direct Effects 1 

### Indirect Effects 2


### Terrestrial and semi

- aquatic plants

– mo nocots

and dicots Yes Yes
Birds No Yes Terrestrial

-phase amphibians No Yes

Reptiles No Yes Mammals No Yes

## 22

Table 1 4 . Potential Effects to Federally Listed Taxa

Listed Taxa Direct Effects 1 

### Indirect Effects 2 

### Aquatic plants No Yes Freshwater fish No Yes Aquatic

-phase amphibians No Yes Freshwater invertebrates No

– Acute Yes

– Chronic Yes Mollusks No Yes Marine/estuarine fish No Yes Marine/estuarine invertebrates No

– Acute Yes

– Chronic Yes Terrestrial invertebrates Yes Yes 1 

### Risks to terrestrial plants and chronic risks to all aquatic invertebrates were assumed due to the absence of data, and there is potential for risks to terrestrial invertebrates even though a method for risk quantification is not in practice. 2 

### Indirect effects to a listed species occur when its prey base is reduced or habitat is modified. Indirect effects to all taxa are assumed due to lack of terrestrial plant data.



## LOCATES was used to determine co

- occurrence of l isted species and the proposed uses of thiametho xam application to alfalfa seed

. These species are included in Appendix 3

.

## 23

Appendix 1: T

-REX Inputs/Outputs Note: EECs and RQs have not been modified to account for incorporation in the following outputs. Input: Crop Maximum Seeding Rate

(lb seed/acre) Reference Application Rate (fl oz/cwt) Application Rate

(lb a. i
./cwt)
Alfalfa 48 Proposed label 0 0.0463


## Output:

Crop Maximum Application Rate (lb a
. i ./acre) Maximum

Seed Application Rate (mg a
. i
./kg seed) Avian Nagy

Dose (mg a
. i
./kg

bw/day) Mammalian

Nagy Dose (mg a
. i
./kg

bw/day) Available

a.i. (mg a
. i ./ft2 

## )

Alfalfa 0.0222 463.00 117.18 98.10 0.23



## Crop Risk Quotients

Avian (20 g) Mammalian (15 g) Acute (# 1) Acute (# 2) Chronic Acute (# 1) Acute (# 2) Chronic Alfalfa 0.39 0.04 1.54 0.03 0.00 2.32

## 24

Appendix 2 : PRZM/EXAMS Outputs

Thiamethoxam

stored as CAalfalfa0.022.out Chemical: Thiamethoxam PRZM environment: CAalfalfa_WirrigOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 11:20:44 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07 Metfile: w93193.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:12 Water segment concentrations (ppb)
Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 1962 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 1963 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.02 1964 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1965 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1966 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1967 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01 1968 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1969 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.08 1970 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.03 1971 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1972 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1973 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 1974 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1975 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1976 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1978 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01 1979 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 1980 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 1981 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.04 1984 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1985 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1986 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.02 1987 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1988 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1989 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1990 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.03
Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.03 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.08 0.06 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.19 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.26 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.29 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.32 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.35 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.39 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.45 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.48 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.52 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.55 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.58 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.61 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.03 Average of yearly averages: 0.01 Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006
Data used for this run: Output File: CAalfalfa0.022 Metfile: w93193.dvf PRZM scenario: CAalfalfa_WirrigOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Thiamethoxam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 291.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry 4.65E-15 atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 4.95E-11 torr Solubility sol 4100 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 70.23 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 4.46 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 19.92 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 43.98 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 480.92 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.025 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 09-01 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 25 stored as MNalfalfa0.022.out Chemical: Thiamethoxam PRZM environment: MNalfalfaOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 11:21:44 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07 Metfile: w14914.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:15 Water segment concentrations (ppb)
Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1962 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1963 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.01 1964 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.02 1965 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1966 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1967 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1968 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1969 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 1970 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 1971 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1972 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1973 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1974 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 1975 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.02 1976 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1977 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.01 1978 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.01 1979 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 1980 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 1981 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 1982 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1984 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 1985 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.02 1986 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 1987 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1988 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1989 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 1990 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01
Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.03 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.10 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.29 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.32 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.35 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.39 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.42 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.45 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.48 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.52 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.55 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.58 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.61 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 Average of yearly averages: 0.01 Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006
Data used for this run: Output File: MNalfalfa0.022 Metfile: w14914.dvf PRZM scenario: MNalfalfaOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Thiamethoxam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 291.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry 4.65E-15 atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 4.95E-11 torr Solubility sol 4100 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 70.23 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 4.46 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 19.92 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 43.98 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 480.92 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.025 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 25-05 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 26 stored as NCalfalfa0.022.out Chemical: Thiamethoxam PRZM environment: NCalfalfaOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 11:21:52 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07 Metfile: w03812.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:09 Water segment concentrations (ppb)
Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1965 0.45 0.44 0.39 0.29 0.23 0.06 1966 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1967 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1968 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1969 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 1970 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 1971 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1972 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1973 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 1974 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.02 1975 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.03 1976 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.02 1977 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.15 0.12 0.03 1978 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.17 0.13 0.04 1979 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.02 1980 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.17 0.13 0.04 1981 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.02 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.02 1984 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.04 1985 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1986 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1987 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 1988 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1989 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 1990 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.04 0.45 0.44 0.39 0.29 0.23 0.06 0.07 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.17 0.13 0.04 0.11 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.17 0.13 0.04 0.15 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.04 0.19 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.15 0.12 0.03 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.26 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.30 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.33 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.37 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.41 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.44 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.48 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.52 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.56 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.59 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.63 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.67 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.78 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.17 0.13 0.04 Average of yearly averages: 0.01 Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006
Data used for this run: Output File: NCalfalfa0.022 Metfile: w03812.dvf PRZM scenario: NCalfalfaOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Thiamethoxam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 291.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry 4.65E-15 atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 4.95E-11 torr Solubility sol 4100 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 70.23 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 4.46 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 19.92 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 43.98 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 480.92 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.025 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 25-03 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 27 stored as PAalfalfa0.022.out Chemical: Thiamethoxam PRZM environment: PAalfalfaOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 11:23:40 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07 Metfile: w14751.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:59 Water segment concentrations (ppb)
Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1962 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 1963 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1964 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.01 1965 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1966 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 1967 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1968 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.02 1969 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.03 1970 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1971 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 1972 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 1973 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1974 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 1975 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 1976 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1977 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.23 0.18 0.05 1978 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.02 1979 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1980 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 1981 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1982 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.01 1983 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 1984 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.02 1985 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1986 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.03 1987 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1988 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 1989 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1990 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.03 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.23 0.18 0.05 0.06 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.03 0.10 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.19 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.23 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.26 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.29 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.32 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.35 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.39 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.42 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.45 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.48 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.52 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.55 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.58 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.61 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.77 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.81 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.84 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.03 Average of yearly averages: 0.01 Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006
Data used for this run: Output File: PAalfalfa0.022 Metfile: w14751.dvf PRZM scenario: PAalfalfaOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Thiamethoxam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 291.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry 4.65E-15 atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 4.95E-11 torr Solubility sol 4100 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 70.23 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 4.46 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 19.92 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 43.98 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 480.92 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.025 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 09-03 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 28 stored as TXalfalfa0.022.out Chemical: Thiamethoxam PRZM environment: TXalfalfaOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 11:23:54 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07 Metfile: w13958.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:43 Water segment concentrations (ppb)
Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.42 0.39 0.29 0.18 0.14 0.04 1962 1.71 1.54 1.09 0.62 0.46 0.13 1963 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 1964 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.14 0.11 0.03 1965 0.43 0.39 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.05 1966 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.02 1967 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 1968 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.02 1969 0.76 0.71 0.52 0.30 0.22 0.06 1970 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.02 1971 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1972 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 1973 0.39 0.37 0.29 0.19 0.15 0.04 1974 0.31 0.30 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.04 1975 0.29 0.27 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.03 1976 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.02 1977 0.20 0.19 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.02 1978 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 1979 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 1980 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.02 1981 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.02 1982 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 1983 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.01 1984 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 1985 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 1986 0.23 0.21 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.02 1987 0.32 0.29 0.22 0.13 0.10 0.03 1988 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.01 1989 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 1990 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.03 1.71 1.54 1.09 0.62 0.46 0.13 0.06 0.76 0.71 0.52 0.30 0.22 0.06 0.10 0.43 0.39 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.42 0.39 0.29 0.19 0.15 0.04 0.16 0.39 0.37 0.29 0.18 0.14 0.04 0.19 0.32 0.30 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.04 0.23 0.31 0.29 0.22 0.14 0.11 0.03 0.26 0.29 0.27 0.21 0.13 0.10 0.03 0.29 0.28 0.25 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.03 0.32 0.23 0.21 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.35 0.20 0.19 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.39 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.42 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.45 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.48 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.52 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.55 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.58 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.61 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.65 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.68 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.71 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.74 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.77 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.81 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.84 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.87 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.90 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
0.10 0.42 0.39 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.05 Average of yearly averages: 0.02 Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006
Data used for this run: Output File: TXalfalfa0.022 Metfile: w13958.dvf PRZM scenario: TXalfalfaOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Thiamethoxam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 291.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry 4.65E-15 atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 4.95E-11 torr Solubility sol 4100 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 70.23 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 4.46 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 19.92 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 43.98 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 480.92 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.025 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 25-08 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 29

Clothianidin stored as TXalfalfa0.0025eco.out Chemical: Cl othianidin PRZM environment: TXalfalfaOP.txt modified Thuday, 14 June 2007 at 10:23:54 EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:07 Metfile: w13958.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:43 Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day 1961 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1962 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 1963 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 1964 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 1965 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 1966 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 1967 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 1968 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 1969 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 1970 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1971 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 1972 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1973 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 1974 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 1975 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 1976 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1977 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 1978 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 1979 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 198 0 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 1981 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 1982 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1983 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1984 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1985 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1986 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 1987 0. 09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1988 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 1989 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1990 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day 0.03 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16

## 30 0.06 0. 14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.26 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.29 0.09 0 .09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.32 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.35 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.39 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.42 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.45 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.48 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.52 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.55 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.58 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.61 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.65 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.68 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.71 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.74 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.77 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.81 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.84 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.87 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.90 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.94 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.97 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.0 4 0.04

0.10 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 Average of yearly averages:
Inputs generated by pe5.pl

- Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run: Output File: TXalfalfa0.0025eco Metfile: w13958.dvf PRZM scenario: TXalfalfaOP.txt EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv Chemical Name: Clothianidin
Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

## 31

Molecular weight mwt 249.7 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry atm

- m^3/mol Vapor Pressure v apr 4.27E

- 10 torr Solubility sol 300 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 188 mg/L Photolysis half

- life kdp 34 days Half

- life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1488 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 81 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Me tabolism asm 744 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half

- life Method: CAM 4 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 2.54 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.003 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 1 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 25

- 08 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd

- mm or dd

- mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond Fl ag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

## 32

Appendix 3: LOCATES Run



# Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

No species were excluded Minimum of 1 Acre. 

## All Medium Ty

pes Reported Mammal, Marine mml, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Fish, Crustacean, Bivalve, Gastropod, Arachnid, Insect, Dicot, Monocot, Ferns, Conf/cycds, Coral, Lichen alfalfa seed Arizona ( 21) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Threatened Amphibian No (Rana chiricahuensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial Eagle, Bald Threatened Bird No (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Terrestrial Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes (Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial Pygmy

- owl, Cactus Ferruginous Endangered Bird No (Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum) Terrestrial Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No (Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus) Terrestrial Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head Endangered Dicot No (Echinocactus horiz

onthalonius var. nicholii) Terrestrial Cliffrose, Arizona Endangered Dicot No (Purshia (=cowania) subintegra) Terrestrial C hub, Gila Endangered Fish Yes (Gila intermedia) Freshwater Minnow, Loach Threatened Fish Yes (Tiaroga cobitis) Freshwater Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes (Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater Spikedace Threatened Fish Yes (Meda fulgida) Freshwater Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes (Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes (Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Endangered Fish No (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Freshwater Trout, Apache Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus apache) Freshwater
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## 33

Arizona ( 21) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Trout, Gila Endangered Fish No (Oncorhynchus gilae) Freshwater Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long

- nosed Endangered Mamm al No (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Jaguar Endangered Mammal No (Panthera onca) Terrestrial Pronghorn, Sonoran Endangered Mammal No (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) Terrestrial 

## California ( 151) species: Taxa Crit ical Habitat Frog, California Red

- legged Threatened Amphibian Yes (Rana aurora draytonii) Terrestrial, Freshwater Frog, Mountain Yellow

- legged Endangered Amphibian No (Gopherus agassiz

ii) Terrestrial, Freshwater Salamander, California Tiger Endangered Amphibian No (Ambystoma californiense) Terrestrial, Vernal pool Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Endangered Amphibian Yes (Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) Freshwater, Terrestrial Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes (Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestria l Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes (Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial Gnatcatcher, Coastal California Threatened Bird Yes (Polioptila californica californica) Terrestrial Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes (Brachyramphus m armoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial Plover, W estern Snowy Threatened Bird Yes (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial Rail, California Clappe r Endangered Bird No (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) Terrestrial Rail, Light

-footed Clapper Endangered Bird No (Rallus longirostris levipes) Terrestrial Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial Shrike, San Cl em ente Loggerhead Endangered Bird No (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) Terrestrial Sparrow, San Clemente Sage Threatened Bird No (Amphispiz

a belli clementeae) Terrestrial Tern, California Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum browni) Terrestrial Vi reo, Least Bell's Endangered Bird Yes (Vireo bellii pusillus) Terrestrial 11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 2 of 21

## 34

California ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy Endangered Crustacean Yes (Branchinecta conserv

atio) Vernal pool Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Endangered Crustacean Yes (Branchinecta longiantenna) Vernal pool Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Endangered Crustacean Yes (Streptocephalus woottoni) Vernal pool Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes (B ranchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool Shrimp, California Freshwater Endangered Crustacean No (Syncaris pacifica) Freshwater Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool Endangered Crustacean Yes (Lepidurus packardi) Vernal pool Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin Threatened Dicot N o (Pseudobahia peirsonii) Terrestrial Barberry, Nevin's Endangered Dicot No (Berberis nevinii) Terrestrial Bird's

- beak, Palmate

- bracted Endangered Dicot No (Cordylanthus palmatus) Terrestrial Bird's

- beak, Pennell's Endangered Dicot No (Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris) Terrestrial Bird's

- beak, salt marsh Endangered Dicot No (Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) Saltwater Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains Endangered Dicot Yes (Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) Terrestrial Bluecurls, Hid den Lake Threatened Dicot No (Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) Terrestrial Broom, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No (Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) Terrestrial Buckwheat, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes (Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vi neum) Terrestrial Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild Threatened Dicot No (Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum) Terrestrial Bush

- mallow, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No (Malacothamnus clementinus) Terrestrial Cactus, Bakersfield Endangered Di cot No (Opuntia treleasei) Terrestrial Checker

- mallow, Keck's Endangered Dicot Yes (Sidalcea keckii) Terrestrial Checker

- mallow, Kenwood Marsh Endangered Dicot No (Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida) Terrestrial Checker

- mallow, Pedate Endangered Dicot No (Sidalcea pedata) Terrestrial

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## 35

California ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Clarkia, Springville Threatened Dicot No (Clarkia springvillensis) Terrestrial Clarkia, Vine Hill Endangered Dicot No (Cla rkia imbricata) Terrestrial Clover, Fleshy Owl's Threatened Dicot Yes (Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta) Vernal pool Clover, Showy Indian Endangered Dicot No (Trifolium amoenum) Terrestrial Daisy, Parish's Threatened Dicot Yes (Erigeron parishii

) Freshwater Dudleya, Marcescent Threatened Dicot No (Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) Terrestrial Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Endangered Dicot No (Dudleya setchellii) Terrestrial Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains Threatened Dicot No (Dudleya cymosa ssp . ovatifolia) Terrestrial Evening

- primrose, Antioch Dunes Endangered Dicot Yes (Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) Terrestrial Fiddleneck, Large

-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes (Amsinckia grandiflora) Terrestrial Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Endangered Di cot No (Pseudobahia bahiifolia) Terrestrial Goldfields, Burke's Endangered Dicot No (Lasthenia burkei) Terrestrial Grass, Hairy Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes (Orcuttia pilosa) Vernal pool Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes (Orcuttia viscida

) Vernal pool Grass, Slender Orcutt Threatened Dicot Yes (Orcuttia tenuis) Vernal pool Jewelflower, California Endangered Dicot No (Caulanthus californicus) Terrestrial Larkspur, Baker's Endangered Dicot Yes (Delphinium bakeri) Terrestrial Larkspur, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No (Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) Terrestrial Larkspur, Yellow Endangered Dicot Yes (Delphinium luteum) Terrestrial Lupine, Clover Endangered Dicot No (Lupinus tidestromii) Coastal (neritic) Mallow, Kern Endangered Dicot No (Eremalche kernensis) Terrestrial

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## 36

California ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Meadowfoam, Butte County Endangered Dicot Yes (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica) Vernal pool M eadowfoam, Sebastopol Endangered Dicot No (Limnanthes vinculans) Freshwater, Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Braunton's Endangered Dicot No (Astragalus brauntonii) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Clara Hunt's Endangered Dicot No (Astragalus clarianus) Terrestrial Mi lk

-vetch, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes (Astragalus albens) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Lane Mountain Endangered Dicot Yes (Astragalus jaegerianus) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Pierson's Threatened Dicot Yes (Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Triple

- ribbed Endangered Dicot No (Astragalus tricarinatus) Terrestrial Mountain

- mahogany, Catalina Island Endangered Dicot No (Cercocarpus traskiae) Terrestrial Mustard, Slender

- petaled Endangered Dicot No (Thelypodium stenopetalum) Terrestrial Navarretia, Spreading Threatened Dicot No (Navarretia fossalis) Vernal pool Oxytheca, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes (Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana) Terrestrial Paintbrush, Ash

- grey Indian Threatened Dicot No (Castilleja cinerea) Terre strial Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian Endangered Dicot No (Castilleja grisea) Terrestrial Pentachaeta, Lyon's Endangered Dicot No (Pentachaeta lyonii) Terrestrial Phlox, Yreka Endangered Dicot No (Phlox hirsuta) Terrestrial Pussypaws, Maripo sa Threatened Dicot No (Calyptridium pulchellum) Terrestrial Rock

- cress, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No (Sibara filifolia) Terrestrial Rush

- rose, Island Threatened Dicot No (Helianthemum greenei) Terrestrial Sandwort, Bear Valley Threatened Di cot No (Arenaria ursina) Terrestrial Spineflower, Slender

- horned Endangered Dicot No (Dodecahema leptoceras) Terrestrial

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## 37

California ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Spineflower, Sonoma Endangered Dicot No (Chorizanthe valida) Terrestrial Spurge, Hoover's Threatened Dicot Yes (Chamaesyce hooveri) Vernal pool Stickyseed, Baker's Endangered Dicot No (Blennosperma bakeri) Vernal pool Taraxacum, California Endangered Dicot No (Taraxacum californi

cum) Terrestrial Tuctoria, Green's Endangered Dicot Yes (Tuctoria greenei) Vernal pool Watercress, Gambel's Endangered Dicot No (Rorippa gambellii) Terrestrial, Brackish, Freshwater Wo odland

- star, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No (Lithophragma maximum) Terrestrial Wo olly

- star, Santa Ana River Endangered Dicot No (Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum) Terrestrial Wo olly

-threads, San Joaquin Endangered Dicot No (Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii) Terrestrial Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes (Gila elegans) Freshwater Chub, Hutton Tui Threatened Fish No (Gila bicolor ssp.) Freshwater Chub, Mohave Tui Endangered Fish No (Gila bicolor mohavensis) Freshwater Goby, Tidewater Endangered Fish Yes (Eucyclogobius newberryi) Freshwater Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes (Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater Salmon, Chinook (California Coastal Run) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Fall Run) Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Spring Run) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Salmon, Chinook (Sacramento River Winter Run) Endan gered Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish Salmon, Coho (Central California Coast population) Endangered Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater Smelt, Delta Threatened Fish Yes (Hypomesus transpacificus) Freshwater, Brackish

11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 6 of 21

## 38

California ( 151) species: T axa Critical Habitat Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes (Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater Steelhead, (California Central Valley population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater Steelhead, (Central Cal ifornia Coast population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Steelhead, (Northern California population) Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater Steelhead, (South ern California population) Endangered Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine Endangered Fish No (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) Freshwater Sturgeon, green Threatened Fish No (Acip enser medirostris) Saltwater Sucker, Lost River Endangered Fish No (Deltistes luxatus) Freshwater Sucker, Modoc Endangered Fish Yes (Catostomus microps) Freshwater Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes (Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater Sucker, Santa An a Threatened Fish Yes (Catostomus santaanae) Freshwater Sucker, Shortnose Endangered Fish No (Chasmistes brevirostris) Freshwater Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater Trout, Little Kern Golden Threate ned Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) Freshwater Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) Freshwater Abalone, White Endangered Gastropod No (Haliotis sorenseni) Saltwater Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Th reatened Insect Yes (Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) Terrestrial Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Endangered Insect No (Speyeria zerene behrensii) Terrestrial Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Endangered Insect No (Euphilotes battoides allyni) Terrestrial Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot Endangered Insect No (Speyeria zerene myrtleae) Terrestrial Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Endangered Insect Yes (Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis) Terrestrial

11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 7 of 21

## 39

Califor nia ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Fly, Delhi Sands Flower

- loving Endangered Insect No (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) Terrestrial Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Threatened Insect No (Euproserpinus euterpe) Terrestrial Skipper, Carson Wanderi ng Endangered Insect No (Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus) Terrestrial Fox, San Joaquin Kit Endangered Mammal No (Vulpes macrotis mutica) Terrestrial Fox, Santa Catalina Island Endangered Mammal Yes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Endangered Mammal Yes (Dipodomys nitratoides exilis) Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Giant Endangered Mammal No (Dipodomys ingens) Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's Endangered Mammal Yes (Dipodomys merriami parvus) Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Endangered Mammal No (Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus)) Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Endangered Mammal No (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) Terrestrial Mouse, Pacific Pocket Endangered Mammal No (Perognathus longimemb ris pacificus) Terrestrial Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Endangered Mammal No (Reithrodontomys raviventris) Terrestrial Rabbit, Riparian Brush Endangered Mammal No (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) Terrestrial Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Endangered Mammal Yes (Ovis canadensis) Terrestrial Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate Endangered Mammal Yes (Sorex ornatus relictus) Terrestrial Vole, Amargosa Endangered Mammal Yes (Microtus californicus scirpensis) Terrestrial Wo odrat, Riparian Endangered Mammal No (Neotoma fuscipes riparia) Terrestrial Alopecurus, Sonoma Endangered Monocot No (Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis) Terrestrial Bluegrass, San Bernardino Endangered Monocot No (Poa atropurpurea) Terrestrial Brodiaea, Thread

- leaved Threatened Monocot Yes (Brodiaea filifolia) Terrestrial Grass, Colusa Threatened Monocot No (Neostapfia colusana) Vernal pool

11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 8 of 21

## 40

California ( 151) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt Threatened Monoco t Yes (Orcuttia inaequalis) Vernal pool Grass, Solano Endangered Monocot Yes (Tuctoria mucronata) Vernal pool, Terrestrial Lily, Pitkin Marsh Endangered Monocot No (Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense) Freshwater Sedge, W hite Endangered Monocot No (Ca rex albida) Freshwater, Terrestrial Lizard, Blunt

- nosed Leopard Endangered Reptile No (Gambelia silus) Terrestrial Lizard, Island Night Threatened Reptile No (Xantusia riversiana) Terrestrial Snake, Giant Garter Threatened Reptile No (Thamnophis giga s) Freshwater, Terrestrial Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes (Gopherus agassiz

ii) Terrestrial 

## Colorado ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial Cactus, Uinta Basin Hook less Threatened Dicot No (Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes (Gila elegans) Freshwater Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes (Gila cypha) Freshwater Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes (Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes (Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial 

## Idaho ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Sturgeon, White Endangered Fish Yes (Acipenser transmontanus) Saltwater, Freshwater Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Sa lvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Limpet, Banbury Springs Endangered Gastropod No (Lanx sp.) Freshwater

11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 9 of 21

## 41

Idaho ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Snail, Bliss Rapids Threatened Gastropod No (Taylorconcha serpenticola) Freshwater Snail, Snake River Physa Endangered Gastropod No (Physa natricina) Terrestrial Springsnail, Bruneau Hot Endangered Gastropod No (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) Freshwater Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No (Ursus arctos horribi

lis) Terrestrial Caribou, W oodland Endangered Mammal No (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Terrestrial 

## Iowa ( 13) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No (Potamilus capax) Freshwater Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No (Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No (Lesp edez

a leptostachya) Terrestrial Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No (Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No (Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Fres hwater Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Endangered Gastropod No (Discus macclintocki) Terrestrial Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Orchid, Eas tern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial Orchid, W estern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial 

## Kansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

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Kansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No (Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No (Noturus placidus) Freshwater Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes (Notropis girardi) Freshwater Shiner , Topeka Endangered Fish Yes (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No (Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No (Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial Orchid, W estern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial 

## Michigan ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No (Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes (Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No (Iris lacustris) Terrestrial Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial 

## Minnesota ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No (Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No (Lespedez

a leptostachya) Terrestrial

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Minnesota ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No (Lycaeides melissa sa muelis) Terrestrial Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No (Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial Lily, Minnesota Trout Endangered Monocot No (Erythronium propullans) Terrestrial Orchid, W estern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrest rial 

## Missouri ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No (Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No (Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater Mussel, W inged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No (Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No (Potamilus capax) Freshwater Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No (Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No (Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No (Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial Sneezeweed, Virginia Threatened Dicot No (Helenium virginicum) Ver nal pool Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No (Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater Darter, Niangua Threatened Fish Yes (Etheostoma nianguae) Freshwater Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fis h No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No (Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No (Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodali

s) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Orchid, W estern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial 11/30/2010 4:22:49 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 12 of 21

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Montana ( 6) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No (Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial 

## Nebraska ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus am ericana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Penstemon, Blowout Endangered Dicot No (Penstemon haydenii) Terrestrial Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Endangered Insect No (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Terrestrial Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial Orchid, We stern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial 

## Nevada ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Dace, Desert Threatened Fish Yes (Eremichthys acros) Freshwater Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No (Salvelinus confluentus) Fres hwater Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater 

## New Mexico ( 25) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endan gered Bird No (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

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New Mexico ( 25) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes (Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Amphipod, Noel's Endangered Crustacean No (Gammarus desperatus) Freshwater Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No (Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial Cactus, Kuenzler Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No (Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenz leri) Terrestrial Cactus, Lee Pincushion Threatened Dicot No (Coryphantha sneedii var. leei) Terrestrial Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No (Sclerocactus mesae

- verdae) Terrestrial Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost Endangered Dicot No (Ipomopsis sancti

-spiritus) Terrestria l Milk

-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No (Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial Sunflower, Pecos Threatened Dicot No (Helianthus paradoxus) Terrestrial, Freshwater Wi ld

- buckwheat, Gypsum Threatened Dicot Yes (Eriogonum gypsophilum) Terrestrial Gambusia , Pecos Endangered Fish No (Gambusia nobilis) Freshwater Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Endangered Fish Yes (Hybognathus amarus) Freshwater Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes (Notropis girardi) Freshwater Shiner, Pecos Bluntnose Threatened Fish Y es (Notropis simus pecosensis) Freshwater Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes (Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes (Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater Snail, Pecos Assiminea Endangered Gastropod Yes (Assiminea pecos

) Freshwater Springsnail, Koster's Endangered Gastropod No (Juturnia kosteri) Terrestrial

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New Mexico ( 25) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Springsnail, Roswell Endangered Gastropod No (Pyrgulopsis roswellensis) Freshwater Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial 

## New York ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No (Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater 

## North Dakota ( 4) species : Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestr ial Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater 

## Ohio ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No (Pleurobema clava) Freshwater Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodalis) Subterraneou s, Terrestrial Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial 

## Oklahoma ( 6) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No (Numenius borealis) Terrestrial Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Vireo, Black

- capped Endangered Bird No (Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes (Notropis girardi) Freshwater 11/30/2010 4:22:50 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 15 of 21

## 47

Oregon ( 28) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes (Bra chyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial Plover, W estern Snowy Threatened Bird Yes (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial Fairy Shrim p, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes (Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool Checker

- mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No (Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial Daisy, W illamette Endangered Dicot No (Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) Terrestrial Lomatium, Bradshaw's Endangered Dicot No (Lomatium bradshawii) Terrestrial, Freshwater Lomatium, Cook's Endangered Dicot No (Lomatium cookii) Vernal pool Lupine, Kincaid's Threatened Dicot No (Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii)) Terrestrial Meadowfoam, Large

-flowered W oolly Endangered Dicot No (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. Grandiflora) Vernal pool Chub, Oregon Endangered Fish No (Oregonichthys crameri) Freshwater Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynch us (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Ye s (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threaten ed Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatene d Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threate ned Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

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Oregon ( 28) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Butterfly, Fender's Blue Endangered Insect No (Icaricia icarioides fenderi) Terrestrial Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot Threatened Insect Yes (Speyeria zerene hippolyta) Terrestrial Fritillary, Gentner's Endangered Monocot No (Fritillaria gentneri) Terrestrial 

## Pennsylvania ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Bat, India na Endangered Mammal Yes (Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No (Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No (Clemmys muhle nbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater 

## South Dakota ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Crane, W hooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (populat ion) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No (Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No (Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial Orchid, W estern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No (Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial 

## Texas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Cra ne, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes (Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

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## 49

Texas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terre strial Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes (Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes (Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No (Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial Vireo, Black

- capped Endangered Bird No (Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial Su nflower, Pecos Threatened Dicot No (Helianthus paradoxus) Terrestrial, Freshwater Gambusia, Pecos Endangered Fish No (Gambusia nobilis) Freshwater Pupfish, Leon Springs Endangered Fish Yes (Cyprinodon bovinus) Freshwater Snail, Pecos Assiminea Endang ered Gastropod Yes (Assiminea pecos) Freshwater 

## Utah ( 32) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes (Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis lucida ) Terrestrial Bear

- poppy, Dwarf Endangered Dicot No (Arctomecon humilis) Terrestrial Cactus, San Rafael Endangered Dicot No (Pediocactus despainii) Terrestrial Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No (Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No (Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial Cactus, Winkler Threatened Dicot No (Pediocactus winkleri) Terrestrial Cactus, Wright Fishhook Endangered Dicot No (Sclerocactus wrightiae) Terrestrial C ycladenia, Jones Threatened Dicot No (Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) Terrestrial Daisy, Maguire Threatened Dicot No (Erigeron maguirei) Freshwater 11/30/2010 4:22:50 PM Ver. 2.10.4 Page 18 of 21

## 50

Utah ( 32) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Milk

-vetch, Deseret Threatened Dicot No (Astragalus desereticus) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Heliotrope Threatened Dicot Yes (Astragalus montii) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Holmgren Endangered Dicot No (Astragalus holmgreniorum) Terrestrial Milk

-vetch, Shivwits Endange red Dicot No (Astragalus ampullarioides) Terrestrial Phacelia, Clay Endangered Dicot No (Phacelia argillacea) Terrestrial Primrose, Maguire Threatened Dicot No (Primula maguirei) Terrestrial Reed

- mustard, Barneby Endangered Dicot No (Schoenocrambe b arnebyi) Terrestrial Reed

- mustard, Shrubby Endangered Dicot No (Schoenocrambe suffrutescens) Terrestrial Ridge

- cress (=Pepper

- cress), Barneby Endangered Dicot No (Lepidium barnebyanum) Terrestrial Townsendia, Last Chance Threatened Dicot No (Townsend

ia aprica) Terrestrial Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes (Gila elegans) Freshwater Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes (Gila cypha) Freshwater Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes (Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater Squawfish, Colorado Endangere d Fish Yes (Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater Sucker, June Endangered Fish Yes (Chasmistes liorus) Freshwater Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes (Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus clarki hensh awi) Freshwater Wo undfin Endangered Fish Yes (Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial Prairie Dog, Utah Threatened Mammal No (Cynomys parvidens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous Ladies '

-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No (Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

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Utah ( 32) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes (Gopherus agassiz

ii) Terrestrial 

## Washington ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes (Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes (Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No (Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial Howellia, W ater Threatened Dicot No (Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater Salmon, Chinook (Puget Sound) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater Salmon, Chin ook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Salmon , Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater St eelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater Steelhead, Puget Sound Threatened Fish No (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Saltwater Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No (Salvelinus conflu entus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes (Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No (Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial Rabbit, Pygmy Endangered Mammal No (Brachylagus idahoensis) Terrestrial 

## Wyoming ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Yellowhead, Desert Threatened Dicot Yes (Yermo xanthocephalus) Terrestrial

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Wyoming ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No (Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial Ferret, Black

-footed Endangered Mammal No (Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial 

## No species were selected for exclusio n.

Dispersed species included in report.

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