p. 1



# OAR Box 

# 1846 Prepped byOllie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 87 ) IV-A- 9
Docket Number: 

# A-90-0 7

Printed 11/18/20087:30:17AM

Sheet 87 of 93

### I n ' i r j l X I fit

. 

# /t-70'07 P. 2

'Ai'A ?•&•••• !

AMERICA N INDUSTRY/GOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H

Cooperativ e Reaearc h S i Developmen t Agreemen t 

# Specifications Fo rAdvanced Emissions TestInstrumentation

February , 199

4

CaliforniaEnvironmenta

l ProtectionAgenc

y 

# ©•Ai r Resource s Boar

d ^ tosr %

ATMOSPHERI C RESEARC H s AN D EXPOSUR E ASSESSMENTg

LABORATOR

Y^ , 2 NATIONA L VEHICL E

(S AN D FUE L EMISSION S

. ^ i ARnnATnn v fc* Ml , \J

I U—f c UHI I J LABORATOR

Y

SHARIN G TECHNOLOG YFO R ASTRONGE R AMERIC A ENVIRONMENTA L RESEARC H CONSORTIU M 

# <%c&d

w 

## ^ CHRYSLE R WCORPORATIO N 

# NAVISTAR

MAR KO F EXCELLENC E
<i*r1R •*7irSS^!-%f*- K —-.-•- J 1
. i fr~ IIL 5 * * ••• ••« ; 

### TsV . tiT&'X- X&MP. 3

il!!' !

AMERICA N INDUSTRY/GOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H



### L " : 

### £_2W- 3 Cooperativ e Reaearc h G
. Developmen t Agreemen t

SH ! is © > .i-at - ""JI^JJB " 'Sip,* " ' '^i.- ' »"" * V .Us : s **-«-

—v-ii-nu- n

*H v - 

# Specifications Fo rAdvanced Emissions TestInstrumentation

February , 199

4

-j e .v'SfPfT "
. , . («»,%* > * k «$ > , r^fCaliforni aEnvironmenta l Protectio nAgenc y 

# @W Ai r Resource s Boar dAN D 

# ^^^SSSi ATMOSPHERI C RESEARC H s L^-.
. % NATIONA L VEHICL E D EXPOSUR E ASSESSMENTg X^ X« AN D FUE L EMISSION S

LABORATOR

Y%,-'' •J LABORATOR Y % PRCfl ^

SHARIN G TECHNOLOG YFO R ASTRONGE R AMERIC A ENVIRONMENTA L RESEARC H CONSORTIU M

w 

## ^ CHRYSLE R WCORPORATIO N 

# NAVISTAR

MARKOFEXC&LENC EAMERICA N INDUSTRY / GOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H 

# AIGE R

:~wji. Cooperativ e Researc h an d Developmen t Agreemen t P. 4

ii

COOPERATIV E RESEARC H AN D DEVELOPMEN T AGREEMEN T

betwee nth e Environmenta l Researc hConsortium , th e Californi aAi r

Resource s Boar dan dth e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y MEASUREMENT

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOTOR VEHICLEEMISSIONS Participant s Thi s Cooperativ e Researc han d Developmen t

Agreemen t

(CRADA ) bring s togethe r engineer s an dscientist s fro mth e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA) , Chrysler , Ford , Genera l Motors , Navistar , an dth e Californi aAi r Resource s Boar d(CARB)

. Industry participant s i nthi s projec t ar e workin g unde r

th e auspice s o f th e Environmenta l Researc hConsortiu m (ERC ) withi nth e Unite dState s Counci l for Automotiv e Researc h(USCAR)

. Purpos e Th e purpos e o f

thi s Cooperativ e Researc han dDevelopmen t Agreemen t (CRADA ) i s t o hel p commercializ e ne w technologie s fo r

th e measuremen t

o f evaporativ e an dexhaus t emission s fro m car s an dtrucks

. Th e goa l wil l b e reache d throug hth e identification , encouragement , developmen t

an devaluatio no f

equipment , facilitie s an dtechnique s t o enabl e industry an dgovernmen t

agencie s t o properl y tes t vehicle s i naccordanc e withth e provision s o f th e Clea nAi r

Ac t Amendment s o f

199 0 an drecen t

regulation s b y th e Stat e o f California

. Researc hwil l focu s primaril y o n method s o f

detectin g low-leve l emission s of hydrocarbons , carbo nmonoxide , oxide s o f nitroge nan dnon-methan e organi c gases . Th e detectio nan dquantificatio no f specifi c hydrocarbons , oxygenate s an dothe r compound s emitte dfro mconventiona l an d alternate-fuele dvehicle s wil l als o b e studied

. Backgroun d A s aresul t

o f th e increasingl y stringen t vehicl e emissio nstandards , curren t analytica l equipmen t

an dmethod s wil l n o longe r b e appropriate

. Th e technolog y develope dthroug hthi s CRAD Awil l hel p ensur e tha t

aut o maker s an dregulator y agencie s hav e th e resource s neede dt o properl y measur e emission s fro mth e vehicle s o f

th e future

. Benefits t o Governmen tan d Industr y Amajo r resul t o f thi s researc hactivity wil l b e th e commercializatio no f specialize d instrumentatio nt o measur e ultra-lo w level s of variou s type s o f

exhaus t emission s i na

n accurate , precis e an defficien t manner . Anothe r resul t wil l b e th e developmen t o f facilities , equipmen t

an dtechnique s t o measur e evaporativ e emission s unde r carefully controlle dconditions

. Thi s CRAD Arelationshi p wil l als o mak e i t possibl e for

sufficient

quantitie s o f th e bes t possibl e instrument s t o b e mad e availabl e t o industry an dth e publi c i nth e shortes t possibl e tim e frame

. Researc hca n als o b e accomplishe di nacost-effectiv e manne r sinc e th e governmen t an dth e automotiv e industry , th e tw o larges t market s for thes e products , wil l b e workin g togethe r t o creat e commo nspecification s an d method s of

evaluation

. Th e progra mbega ni nOctobe r 199 2 an di s expecte dt o ru nfiv e year s withtota l "in-kind " contribution s o f th e participant s estimate dat

ove r $ 5 million

. Thi s Agreemen t

i s on e o f 5 0 CRADA s whic hEP Aha s wit hvariou s U.S

. businesses , academi c institution s an dstat e an dloca l government s unde r th e Federa l Technolog y Transfe r

Ac t o f 1986

. Thes e agreement s serv e a s amechanis mfo r th e federal governmen t

t o work withcompanie s t o develo p ne w pollutio ncontro l technologie s an defficientl y brin g the mint o th e marketplace

. Contact: John White, EPA, (313) 668-4353

Californi a Ai rResource s Board •Environmenta l Researc h Consortiu m •Unite d State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc yP. 5

AMERICA N INDUSTRY / GOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H

Cooperativ e Researc h an d Developmen t Agreemen t


# Specification s fo rAdvance d Emission s Tes tInstrumentatio n

Revisio n5. 0 February , 1994

AIGE RPD/94- 1

Comments o

nthi s repor

t ma y be directedto : Joh nT

. Whit e U.S

. Environmenta

l ProtectionAgenc

y 2565 Plymout

hRoa d An nArbor, MI4810 5 (313)668-435 3 FAX : (313 ) 668-4440

Californi a Ai rResource s Board •Environmenta l Researc h Consortiu m •Unite d State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc yP. 6

Technica l Challeng e

Ne wFedera l and Californi a vehicl e emission s regulation s presen t th e vehicl e industr yand governmen t regulator s wit ha numbe r o f technica l challenges
. A majo r challeng e lie s inth e are a o f emission s measurement . A s th e vehicl e emissio n rates decrease , ther e i s a correspondin g decreas e i n th e accurac yo f th e curren t emissio n measuremen t technology
. Th e greates t challeng e wil l b e t o accuratel ymeasur e hydrocarbo n (HC ) exhaus t emissio n rate s fro multr a lo w emissio n vehicle s (ULEV)
. Par t o f th e proble mi s th e backgroun d H C concentratio n i n th e dilutio n air
. A s th e dilute d exhaus t concentration s approac hth e backgroun d concentration , and occasionall yar e eve n foun d t o b e lowe r tha n th e backgroun d concentration , i t become s ver ydifficul t t o achiev e accurat e H C measurements . On e approac ht o solvin g thi s proble mi s t o us e mini-dilute r technology
. Amini-dilute r samplin g syste m woul d continuousl y tak e a lo wvolum e sampl e o f th e undilute d exhaus t a t a rat e directl y proportiona l t o th e exhaus t flo wrate . Thi s sampl e strea mwoul d b e dilute d wit hdr yclea n ai r o r nitrogen
. Usin g a clea n ai r o r nitroge n suppl ywoul d greatl yreduc e th e backgroun d concentration
. Wit ha stabl e clea n diluen t supply , th e nee d t o mak e backgroun d measurement s woul d b e eliminated
. B y usin g a dr ydiluent , th e dilutio n rati o require d t o sta ybelo wth e de wpoin t i s reduced , thereb yincreasin g th e concentratio n o f th e sample
. An additiona l advantag e o f thi s approac hi s tha t batc hsample s ca n b e collecte d a t an ypoin t i n th e exhaus t system , suc ha s a t a precatalys t location
. Specificatio n 1. 0 (Mini-Dilute r Technology ) detail s th e requirement s fo r a mini-dilute r system . Thi s syste m

require s an accurate , continuou s measuremen t o f th e exhaus t flo w rate . Ne wtechnolog yi s require d t o accomplis hthi s task
. Specificatio n2. 0 (Vehicl e Exhaus t Volume Measurement ) provide s th e requirement s fo r th e vehicl e exhaus t volum e measurement . Th e requirement s fo r th e diluen t ai r ar e give n i n Specificatio n3. 0 (Zer o Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-Diluter) .
Ne wCaliforni a regulation s requir e th e measuremen t o f non-methan e hydrocarbo n (NMHC) exhaus t emissions , rathe r tha n tota l hydrocarbo n (HC ) exhaus t emissions
. Fo r gasolin e vehicles , NMH C i s currentl ydetermine d b yth e differenc e betwee n th e H C measuremen t and an independen t methan e measurement . Th e methan e i s measure d o n a batc hbasi s usin g ga s chromatograph y(GC)
. Thus , i t i s no t possibl e t o continuousl ymonito r th e NMH C concentration
. H C i n th e exhaus t o f natura l ga s fuele d vehicle s typicall yi s 95 % o r mor e methane
. Thus , NMH C canno t b e accuratel ydetermine d b ydifference
. Instead , NMH C mus t b e determine d b

ysummin g al l HC s othe r tha n methan e determine d b yGC
. T o avoi d thes e complexities , a direc t NMH C instrumen t i s required
. Requirement s ar e give n i n Specificatio n4. 0 (Direc t Methan e an dNon-methan e Hydrocarbo n Analyzer) . •Th e ne wCaliforni a exhaus t emissio n regulation s als o requir e th e measuremen t o f NMO G(non-methan e organi c gases) , wher e NMO Gi s tota l H C minus methan e plu s oxygenate d hydrocarbons
. Oxygenate s includ e th e C1-C 7 aldehyde s and ketone s a s wel l a s alcohols
. Currently , th e aldehyde s and ketone s ar e collecte d o n a batc hbasis i n a soli d sorben t cartridge , followe d b yelutio n and liqui d chromatographi c (HPLC) analysis
. Alcohol s ar e collecte d o n a batc hbasi s i n a wate r fille d impinge r and determine d b yGC
. An instrumen t whic hca n measur e al l thes e specie s i s described i n Specificatio n5. 0 (Fas t Oxygenate d Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyzer) . (i )P. 7

Al l C1-C1 2 hydrocarbon s ar e currentl ymeasure d o n a batc hbasi s b yG C analysi s o n tw o columns
. Thes e analyse s ar e performe d t o determin e ai r toxic s (1,3

- butadien e and benzene ) and t o permi t th e determinatio n o f th e ozon e formatio n potentia l o f th e exhaus t organi c compounds
. Californi a regulation s specif y tha t reactivit yb e determine db ysummin g th e produc t o f th e reactivit yfacto r (Carte r factor ) fo r eac hcompoun d and it s emissio n rate . Th e curren t G C method s ar e to o tim e consuming
. Therefore , Specificatio n6. 0 (Fas t Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyzer ) describe s th e requirement s fo r a faste r hydrocarbo n speciatio n analyze r fo r batc hsamples
. Expansio n o f th e analysi s o f individua l HC s t o highe r molecula r weigh t specie s fo r diese l exhaus t i s als o desired
. Continuou s analysi s o f individua l HC s durin g emissio n testin g i s als o desirabl e fo r engineerin g purposes . Whil e i t i s desirabl e t o b e abl e t o continuousl ymonito r al l individua l H C species , i t i s unlikel ytha t technolog y wil l b e availabl e t o accomplis hthi s i n th e nex t fe wyears . Alarg e fractio n o f th e exhaus t H C reactivit yi s accounte d fo r b y1 5 compound s (hydrocarbon s and oxygenates)
. Therefore , Specificatio n7. 0 (Fas t "Top15 " Speciatio n Analyzer ) describe s thes e requirements
. Th e to p 1 5 compound s wil l var ywit h changin g fue l composition
. Sinc e reformulate d gasoline s and alternativ e fuel s ar e growin g i n importance , i t i s desirabl e tha t thi s instrumen t measur e a s man ya s 3 0 differen t compounds
. Measurin g individua l hydrocarbon s fo r th e determinatio n o f reactivit yi s a majo r challenge
. Th e instrument s describe d i n specificatio n 6. 0 an d 7. 0 woul d greatl yeas e tha t task
. However , th e nee d fo r suc hinstrument s woul d b e greatl yreduce d i f a direc t reactivit yanalyze r coul d b e developed
. Specificatio n8. 0 (Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Reactivit y Analyzer) , call s fo r suc han instrument
. Mos t o f th e abov e device s wil l requir e som e typ e o f compute r t o contro l thei r operatio n and collec t appropriat e data
. I n additio n th e ergonomi c and electroni c interface s t o th e conventiona l tes t sit e nee d t o b e common . Recognizin g thi s challenge , AIGE R establishe d a "System s Integration " grou p whic hi s charge d wit hstandardizin g instrumentatio n interface s an d compute r equipment
. T o thi s end Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s for Ne w Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation ) addresse s th e interfac e standardizin g issue
. Othe r technica l problem s o f interes t t o AIGE R fo r whic hspecification s hav e no t bee n writte n include : Improve d referenc e material s and standard s Improve d robo t driver s fo r reduce d tes t vehicl e emission s variabilit y Cartridge s t o replac e alcoho l samplin g impinger s Speciate d fue l analysi s improvement s Syste m integratio n o f th e ne wtechnologie s Improve d evaporativ e emission s tes t procedure s

(ii )Tabl e o fContent s P. 8 

# I

Titl e 

### Technica l Challeng e I . Prefac e II . Introductio nt o Technica l Specification s III . Technica l Specificatio n 1. 0 - Mini-Dilute r Technolog y 2. 0 - Vehicl e Exhaus t Volume Measuremen t 3. 0 - Zero Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-dilute r 4. 0 - Direc t Methan e an dNonMethan e Hydrocarbo nAnalyze r 5. 0 - Fas t Oxygenate dHydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyze r 6. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyze r 7. 0 - Fas t "To p15 " Speciatio nAnalyze r 8. 0 - Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Reactivit y Analyze r 9. 0 - Interfacin g Guideline s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentatio n Pag e

2 3 5 5 7 9 1 0 1 2 1 5 1 9 2 2 2 5

Pag e 1 o f 2 6P. 9

\



### I . Prefac e
Th e Environmenta l Researc hConsortiu m (ERC ) wa s forme di

nMarch , 199 1 t o facilitat e cooperativ e researc han ddevelopmen t i

nth e environmenta l sciences . Th e four-membe r consortium , consistin g o f Chrysle r Corporation , FordMoto r Company , Genera l Motor s Corporatio nan dNavista r Internationa l Transportatio n Corporation , presentl y conduct s cooperativ e program s pertainin g t o th e following : Lo

w Leve l Emission s Measurement ; Atmospheri c Modeling ; Rea l Worl d Emission s Measurement ; an dAtmospheri c Reactivit y o f Vehicl e an

dManufacturin g Hydrocarbo nEmission s (Assessmen t o f Measuremen t Methodologies) . OnOctobe r 15 , 199 2 th e ERC signe da Cooperativ e Researc han dDevelopmen t Agreemen t (CRADA ) wit hth e CAR B Haagen-Smi t Laboratory , th e EPA Nationa l Vehicl e an

dFue l Emission s Laboratory,an dth e EP A Atmospheri c Researc han d Exposur e Assessmen t Laboratory . Th e organizatio nha s bee nname dth e America n Industry/Governmen t Emission s Researc h(AIGER ) program . Th e followin g document , "Specification s fo r Advance dVehicl e Emission s Tes t Instrumentation, " wa s originall y prepare db

y th e ERC Committe e designate dt o conduc t th e Lo

w Leve l Emissio nMeasuremen t Program . Thi s revision-wa s prepare db

y th e AIGE RCRADA , an

dreserve s th e righ t t o amendthi s documen t at an y time .

Pag e 2 o f 2 6P.1 0

II . Introductio nt o Technica l Specification s

Abstrac t

Inth e nea r future , vehicl e manufacturer s wil l nee dmuc hmor e sophisticate d analytica l tool s inorde r t o mee t new regulation s o f vehicl e emissions . Thes e regulation s ar e specifie db y th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) i n th e Federa l Register , andb y th e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d(CARB ) i nth e Titl e 1 3 document . Th e regulation s presen t new measuremen t challenge s whic h cente r aroun dtwo principa l factors :

(1 ) Requirement s t o measur e th e extremel y low concentratio nlevel s o f emissions ; an d (2 ) Requirement s t o full y identif y

an dquantif y (speciate ) hydrocarbo nan doxygenate d hydrocarbo nemissions .

Current:Vehicl e Emissio nTestin g

Typically , vehicl e emission s (exhaus t o r evaporative ) ar e collecte di nsampl e bag s a s th e vehicl e i s bein g tested . Thes e bag s ar e fille dove r a predefine d perio do f time an

drepresen t a weighte daverag e o f th e vehicle' s emissions . Mos t governmenta l regulation s requir e thi s "batch " techniqu e inmeasurin g vehicl e emissions . Fo r exhaus t emissions , th e vehicl e i s place dona chassi s dynamomete r an d drive nt o pre-define dschedules . Th e entir e exhaus t stream i s continuousl y dilute dwit hambien t ai r usin g a constan t volum e sampler . Dilutio nratio s ar e typicall y

15:1 . Currentl y

th e Federa l Tes t Procedure s (FTP ) drivin g schedul e i s divide dint o thre e "phases" . Phas e 1 i s 50 5 second s long , phas e 2 i s 86 9 seconds , an

dphas e 3 i s a repea t o f phas e 1 . Fo r eac hphase , on e dilute d sampl e ba g an

don e ambien t ba g (dilutio nair ) i s fille d(si xtotal) . Upo n completio no f eac hphas e o f th e test , bot hset s o f bag s ar e analyzed . Th e ambien t ba g concentration s ar e the nsubtracte dfro m th e (respective ) sampl e ba g inorde r t o ge t actua l vehicl e exhaus t concentrations . Modificatio nt o th e drivin g schedul e whic hwil l ad da fourt hphas e (phas e 4) , ar e unde r consideration .

Pag e 3 o f 2 6P.1 1

Fo r evaporativ e emission s th e vehicl e i s place dint o a n"ai r tight " enclosur e an dth e vehicle' s evaporativ e emission s ar e measure ddirectl y from th e enclosur e and/o r collecte dinsampl e bags . A s inth e abov e exhaus t emission s test , th e ambien t concentration s ar e agai nsubtracte dfro m th e sampl e ba g i

n orde r t o ge t actua l evaporativ e emissions . Usin g curren t instrumentation , th e analysi s o f eac hbag' s exhaus t emission s i s complete d(typically ) withi nseconds . Becaus e o f th e hig hvolum e o f test s ru n pe r day , fas t analysis , automation , equipmen t reliability , eas e o f maintenance , minima l calibratio ntime , an dultimat e accurac y

ar e o f th e utmos t 

### importance .

Technica l Challeng e

I nman y cases , th e instrumentatio nsystem s availabl e t o mee t th e new regulation s fal l fa r shor t o f technica l requirements . Th e attache d specification s identif y a serie s o f tool s whic hth e AIGE Rmember s believ e mus t be develope dt o mee t th e ne w regulation s an

drequirements .


### Lis t

CAR B 

### CF V CN G EP A ER C FI D FT P G C HPL C
NMH C NMO G 

### SA O LA N LDH D LB I o f Abbreviation s Use i

Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d Critica l Flow

Ventur i Compresse dNatura l Ga s Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y Environmenta l Researc hConsortium Flam e Ionizatio nDetecto r Federa l Tes t Procedure s Ga s Chromatograp h Hig hPerformanc e Liqui d Chromatograp h Non-Methan e Hydrocarbo n Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Smoot hApproac hOrific e Loca l Are a Networ k Ligh t Dut y Heavy Dut y Lef t Blan kIntentionall y 

### H C C O CO, NO x LE V TLEV ULEV AIGE R 

### LP G NDI R SLP M 

## c _ ETB E MTB E TAM E Hydrocarbon s Carbo nMonoxid e Carbo nDioxid e Nitrou s Oxid e Lo w Emission s Vehicl e Transitiona l LE

V Ultr a LE V Amer . Indust./Govm' t Emiss . Res . Liqui dPropan e Ga s No nDispersiv e Infrare d Standar dLiter s Pe r Minut e Hydrocarbon s wit h"n " carbo natom s Ethy l T-Buty l Ethe r Methy l T-Buty l Ethe r T-Amy l Methy l Ethe r

Pag e 4 o f 2 6P.1 2

III . Technica l Specification s

Th e followin g specification s represen t AIGER' s opinion s andbes t estimate s fo r futur e instrumentatio nneed s andrequirements . Becaus e o f factor s suc ha s potentia l change s i nemissio nmeasuremen t requirement s o r alternativ e technologie s whic hmigh t no t hav e bee nconsidere di nthi s document , th e AIGE R maintain s th e righ t t o update/modif y thes e specification s a t an y time .
1. 0 - Mini-Dilute r Technolog y

1. 1 - Description : Th e mini-dilute r wil l tak e a smal l (continuous ) sampl e from th e vehicle' s ra

w exhaus t pipe , dilut e thi s sampl e wit heithe r dr y nitroge no r "zero " grad e ai r (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n#3.0) , andthe ntranspor t th e dilute dsampl e int o bag s fo r "batch " analysi s o r t o moda l emissio nanalyzer s fo r continuou s reading . Bot hsample s ar e drawnthroug hth e devic e unde r vacuum (custome r provide dpum

pa t th e dilute dexhaus t outpu t port) . Inpu t zer o ai r (o r N 2 ) wil l b e pressurize d(typicall y 10-3 0 psi) . Vehicl e exhaus t ga s wil l b e essentiall y

a t atmospheri c pressure . Th e mini-dilute r wil l appropriatel y hea t th e sampl e (upt o mi xpoint ) t o preven t any wate r condensation . Dilutio n ratio s shal l b e programmable . Th e tota l (variabl e volume ) dilute dexhaus t outpu t wil l b e controlle dt o b e proportiona l wit hth e vehicle s exhaus t flow rat e (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n#2.0) . 1. 2 - Respons e Time : 0. 1 secon dt o 90 % o f tes t poin t desired . Transpor t tim e t o mi xpoin t les s tha n1 second . 1. 3 - Dilutio nRatio s Adjustable . Typicall y fixeda t 6:1 , 10: 1 o r 15:1 . Custom ratio s an

d instantaneousl y

adjustabl e ratio s shoul dals o b e provided . 1. 4 - Dilute dExhaus t Flow Rate : Proportiona l (andvarying ) t o exhaus t flow , typicall y 1-3 0 slp

m fo r ba g analysis . Fixe dflo w

fo r th e continuou s (modal ) mode , se t poin t t o be inth e 25-3 5 slp

m range . 1. 5 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l footprin t and(preferably ) b e wal l mounted . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing .

Pag e 5 o f 2 6P.1 3

1. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra wanalo g output s fro meac hmas s flo wcontroller
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l and diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 1. 7 - Contro l and Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
. 1. 8 - Cost : $5 k - $20 k pe r tes t sit e desired
. Additiona l Mini-dilute r insid e th e sam e tes t sit e shoul d b e significantl yless
. 1. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e easil ycalibrate d and hol d it s calibratio n fo r 3 0 days
. Schedule d maintenanc e o n a monthl ybasis
. Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha n weekly
. 1.1 0 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte d technolog y(CO , tai l pipe/ba g analysis ) o n a carbo n balanc e basi s t o withi n 1%
. Withi n thi s 1 % toleranc e mus t no t demonstrat e an y se t poin t bias , i.e. , averag e = 0%
. Proportionalit ycontro l t o vehicl e exhaus t volum e mus t b e withi n 5%
. Othe r constituent s (THC , CO , NOx ) t o withi n 3%
. 1.1 1 - Constructio n materials : Al l wette d part s .expose d t o exhaus t ga s mus t b e hig hqualit ytyp e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST MA-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , vito n o r Teflon
. Tubin g shal l b e cleane d t o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST MA-632
. Al l othe r wette d part s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service)
. Manufacturer s ma yas k fo r a deviatio n i f th e material s use d ca n b e shown t o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust
. 1.1 2 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z 1.1 3 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize d t o withstan d continuou s operatio n i n a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.

Pag e 6 o f 2 6P.1 4

2. 0 - Vehicl e Exhaus t Volum e Measuremen t

2. 1 - Descriptio n Thi s devic e wil l measur e th e vehicle' s tota l exhaus t flow rate . Th e devic e mus t b e non-intrusiv e t o vehicl e intake , exhaust , o r contro l systems , requir e n o modification s t o th e vehicle , an drequir e no specia l setu ptime prio r t o th e test . On e applicatio nfo r thi s devic e wil l b e a s a contro l inpu t t o th e mini-dilute r (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n# 1.0) . Possibl e architecture s are : Direc t (devic e locate di nraw exhaust , tai l pip e flow stream ! Smoot hApproac hOrific e (SAO ) intai l pip e Mas s flow

mete r Vorte xmete r i ntai l pip e Lase r base ddevic e Indirec t (vehicl e exhaus t i s dilute dwit hambien t air ) Critica l Flow

Ventur i (CFV ) measure s dilute dexhaus t volume , minu s ambien t ai r SAO CFV volume , minu s ambien t ai r mas s flow mete r o r ho t wir e anemomete r Note : Instrumen t manufacturer s ma y sugges t othe r non-invasiv e solutions , i f available . Thi s devic e wil l hav e t o wor kwit halternat e fuele dvehicle s also , suc ha s methanol/ethanol/diese l an dnatura l gas . Modification s ma y be require dwhe n use dwit hdifferen t fuels , bu t ar e undesirable . Also , i f mas s flow

controller s ar e used , th e manufacture r ma y nee dredundan t (averaging ) sensor s t o achiev e th e desire daccuracy . 2. 2 - Respons e Time : 0. 1 secon dt o 90% , desired . 2. 3 - Bac kPressure/Operatin g Conditions : Devic e shal l no t affec t th e bac kpressur e a t th e vehicl e tai l pipe . Manufacture r ca nincorporat e a nactiv e bac kpressur e contro l devic e t o maintai ntai l pip e pressur e t o withi n+0.25 " H. Oa t idl e conditions , ±1 " H 2 0 ove r th e entir e test .

Pag e 7 o f 2 6P.1 5

2. 3 - Bac kPressure/Operatin g Conditions : (Continued ) Becaus e thi s devic e ma y nee dt o be place dint o th e vehicle' s raw exhaus t system , th e instrumen t wil l nee dt o routinel y withstan d(withou t degradation ) th e followin g operatin g conditions : (1 ) Temperatures : -2 0 de g F t o 80 0 de g F (2 ) Vehicl e exhaus t flow rates : typicall y

zer o t o 20 0 SCFM

fo r L Dvehicle s typicall y

zer o t o 100 0 SCFM

fo r H Dtruck s (3 ) Particulate s 2. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t be installe da t th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l footprin t an d(preferably ) be integrate dint o th e CFV . I t ma y be necessar y

t o utiliz e multipl e sensor s (ex , mas s flow meters ) i norde r t o achiev e th e desire daccuracies . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . 2. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g output s fro

m eac hflow

mete r along wit htota l exhaus t volume . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 2. 6 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 2. 7 - Cost : $15 k- $35 kpe r instrumen t desire d 2. 8 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o be easil y calibrate dan

dhol dit s calibratio nfo r 3 0 days . Schedule dmaintenanc e o na monthl y

basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e no soone r tha nweekly . 2. 9 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (C0 2 Tracer/Ba g analysis ) o na carbo nbalanc e basi s t o withi n1.0 % o f reading .

Pag e 8 o f 2 6P.1 6

2.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l b e cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 2.1 1 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 H z 2.1 2 - Durability ; Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize dt o withstan dcontinuou s operatio nina productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

3. 0 - Zer o Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-dilute r Application s

3. 1 - Descriptio n Devic e wil l produc e "zer o grade " ai r a t larg e flow rate s (5 0 SCFM) . Primar y purpos e o f th e devic e i s t o provid e emissio ntes t site s wit hclean , dr y ai r t o be use dwit hmini-diluters . 3. 2 - Architecture : Th e devic e wil l typicall y be locate dremotel y

fro m th e tes t site . I t shoul dhav e sufficien t pressure/flo w capacit y

t o functio nfro

m thi s remot e site . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . 3. 3 - Cost : $4 0 t o $80 kpe r system desire d 3. 4 - Calibration/Maintenance : Monthly . I f regeneratio ni s required , th e system shal l be automate dt o perform thi s functio n"on-line " (i.e. , don' t hav e t o shu t dow nth e system) . Th e system shal l als o no t us e an y larg e amount s o f chemical s t o perform th e ai r cleanin g process .

Pag e 9 o f 2 6P.1 7



### 3. 5 - Performance : Th e syste mwil l provid e a t leas t 5 0 cf mo f zer o grad e ai r a t 8 0 psi
. Th e ai r wil l b e fre e o f oi l droplet s and particulat e material
. Othe r specification s are :

Carbo nMonoxide : Hydrocarbons : H20 : Carbo nDioxide : Oxygen : Oxide s o f Nitrogen : Operatin g pressure : Svste m I 2 0 pp m 2 0 pp m 20,00 0 pp

m 100 0 pp m 1 8 t o 21 % 5 pp m 10 0 ps i rile

t Svste m

Outle t
< 0. 1 pp m < 0.0 2 pp

m carbo n < 1 pp m (-10 0 deg F de w

point ) < 5. 0 pp m 1 8 t o 21 % < 0. 1 pp m 8 0 ps i minimum

@ma xflo w 

### No othe r contaminant s allowed . (To be unmeasurabl e b y mas s spectromete r metho d o r othe r speciatio nmethod) . 3. 6 - Power/Utilities : Power : 220/48 0 vol t 3-phase/6 0 H z 3. 7 - Inpu t Air : Pressurize d inpu t ai r wil l b e provide d 3. 8 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e mad e t o withstan d continuou s operatio n i n a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.

4. 0 - Direc t Methan e and Non-Methan e Hydrocarbo n Analyze r (NMHC )

4. 1 - Descriptio n Instrumen t wil l measur e th e vehicle s tota l methane , and NMH C directly
. I n particula r th e instrumen t need s t o b e tune d fo r natura l ga s and ULE V emissions
. Batc hmod e required
. 4. 2 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e tim e o f les s tha n 5 minute s required , 2 minute s desired
. Moda l analysi s wit ha 1-second respons e tim e desired
.

Pag e 1 0 o f 2 6P.1 8

4. 3 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t be installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l siz e (approximatel y 19 " wid e x12 " hig hx24 " dee p- desired ) an

dbe 19 " rac kmountable . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . 4. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g outpu t o f chromatogram s plu s trendoutput . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 4. 6 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 4. 7 - Cost : $20 kt o $30 kpe r instrumen t desire d 4. 8 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o b e easil y calibrate dan

dhol dit s calibratio nfo r 3 0 days . Schedule dmaintenanc e ona monthl y basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha nweekly . 4. 9 - Accuracy : NMH C mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (FI Dminu s GC-CH 4 fo r gasolin e vehicles , an dGC fo r natura l ga s vehicles ) t o withi n2 % (at a leve l o f 6 pp m C) . Methan e mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (GC-CH 4 ) t o withi n2 % (a t a leve l o f 6 pp m C) . Repeatabilit y

+ 1% . Must hav e a detectio nlimi t o f a t leas t 2 0 ppb . 4.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 4.1 1 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 H z

Pag e 1 1 o f 2 6P.1 9

4.1 2 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize d t o withstan d continuou s operatio n in a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.

5. 0 - Fas t Oxygenate d Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio n Analyze r

5. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e measure s (speciates ) al l th e majo r oxygenate d hydrocarbo n component s a s specifie d b

yth e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA ) i n th e U.S
. Federa l register , and th e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d (CARB ) Titl e 13
. I t mus t b e designe d fo r fas t analysi s tim e and b e compatibl e wit hexisting , tes t sit e architectures
. 5. 2 - Operatio n Modes : Tw o mode s ar e envisioned
. Firs t i s batc hanalysis , whic hi s require d t o measur e th e variou s specie s durin g eac hphas e o f th e test . Secondly , moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s desire d fo r th e measuremen t o f specie s durin g vehicl e developmen t testing
. Mode l analysi s o f ke yoxygenat e specie s i s als o covere d i n th e "To p 15 " specificatio n (#7.0)
. 5. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e tim e o f les s tha n 5 minute s required
. Moda l analysi s wit h a respons e tim e o f 1 secon d desired
. 5. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d "on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site
. Th e instrumen t mus t no t b e sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio n associate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing
. I t mus t hav e a smal l footprint
. Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas yacces s fo r servicing
. Rac k mountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired
.

Pag e 1 2 o f 2 6P.2 0

5. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t b e flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel yand qualitatively ) a variet y o f oxygenate d hydrocarbon s fro mC l throug hC7
. Mus t hav e th e abilit yt o add (o r delete ) specie s a s needed
. Unknow n oxygenate d compound s shal l b e identifie d a s suc hand shal l b e individuall yrecorded
. Initia l specie s ar e liste d below : KETON E SPECIE S ETHER S 1 . ACETON E 1 . MTB E 2 . METHY L ETHY L KETON E 2 . ETB E 3 . TAM E ALCOHO L SPECIE S 1 . METHANO L 2 . ETHANO L 

### ALDEHYD E SPECIE S 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . FORMALDEHYD E ACETALDEHYD E ACROLEI N PROPIONALDEHYD E CROTONALDEHYD E METHACROLEI N n-BUTYRALDEHYD E BENZALDEHYD E VALERALDEHYD E TOLUALDEHYD E HEXANA L 5. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra wanalo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable)
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l and diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 5. 7 - Contro l and Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
. 5. 8 - Cost : $25 k - $50 k pe r instrumen t desire d 5. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o b e automaticall ycalibrate d usin g a standar d o f al l oxygenate d hydrocarbons
. Multipl e concentratio n level s ar e require d unles s linearit yca n b e shown
. Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o hol d it s calibratio n fo r 2 4 hours
. Schedule d maintenanc e o n a monthl ybasis
. Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha n weekly
. 5.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : Becaus e o f th e difficultie s involve d wit hproperl ycollectin g oxygenate d hydrocarbon s i n th e presenc e o f wate r vapor , th e instrumen t manufacture r mus t suppl ysom e typ e o f sampl e collectio n syste mt o addres s sampl e handlin g concerns . I n batc hanalysi s mode , multipl e collectio n system s wil l b e require d i n orde r t o averag e th e vehicl e emissio n (an d backgroun d emission ) sample s ove r th e variou s phase s o f th e test . Pe r test , w e nee d fou r vehicl e sampl e and fou r backgroun d

Pag e 1 3 o f 2 6P.2 1

5.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : (Continued ) collectio nsystems . Eac hsample/backgroun dcollectio nsystem mus t b e abl e t o be a synchronousl y

filled/analyzed . Fo r al l analyzers , completel y automate dsampl e handlin g i s require d(i.e. , no impingers) . Moda l analysi s (optional ) wil l b e vi a a continuou s (heated ) probe . Th e instrumen t shoul dbe designe dt o operat e in eithe r a raw

o r dilute dexhaus t mode . I nth e raw

exhaus t mod e th e manufacture r need s t o desig nfo r wate r vapo r handlin g (typica l de w poin t 120-13 0 de g F ) an d th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 5.1 1 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e wit haccepte dtechnolog y ("-HPLC an

dliqui dinjectio nGC ) oneac hpea k pe r th e tabl e below . Ninety-fiv e percen t o f th e determination s o f th e two method s mus t agre e withi nth e limit s tabulate dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea k concentration s in/xg/gaseou s L , an dinreactivit y

adjuste dg 03/ g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n5% .

Reading s (tig/gaseou s L ) Agreemen t > 0. 6 + 5 % 0.0 4 - 0. 6 + 10 % < 0.0 4 + 25 % Minimum detectio nlimit s a t o r bette r tha n0.0 3 /jg/gaseou s L . Specification s ar e fo r dilute dexhaus t 5.1 2 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t b e highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nb e show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 5.1 3 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g 5.1 4 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e "ruggedized " t o withstan dcontinuou s operatio ni na productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t be sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

Pag e 1 4 o f 2 6P.2 2

. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo n Speciatio nAnalyze r

6. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e measure s (speciates ) al l th e majo r hydrocarbo ncomponent s a s specifie db

y th e Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) inth e U.S . Federa l Register , andth e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d(CARB ) Titl e 13 . I t mus t b e designe dfo r fas t analysi s time an dbe compatibl e wit hexistin g tes t sit e architectures . 6. 2 - Operatio nModes : Batc hanalysi s (wit hsampl e bags ) i s require dt o measur e th e variou s specie s fo r eac hphas e o f th e test . 6. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e time o f les s tha n5 minute s required . A furthe r goa l o f 1 minut e analysi s time i s desired . 6. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e instrumen t mus t no t b e sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio nassociate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing . I t mus t hav e a smal l footprint . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . Rac kmountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired . 6. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t be flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel y an dqualitatively ) a variet y o f hydrocarbon s fro

m C l throug hC12 . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o ad d(o r delete ) specie s a s needed . Unidentifie dpeak s shal l b e identifie da s such , an dbe individuall y

recorded . Initia l specie s ar e liste dbelow :

Pag e 1 5 o f 2 6P.2 3



### HYDROCARBON

AN DOTHE RSPECIE S

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . Methan e Ethen e Ethyn e Ethan e Propen e Propan e Propadien e Propyn e 2M-Propan e 

### LB I 2M-Propen e 1-Buten e 1,3-Butadien e Butan e t-2-Buten e 2,2-DM-Propan e 1-Butyn e c-2-Buten e 3M-1-Buten e 

### LB I 2M-Butan e 2-Butyn e 1-Penten e 2M-1-Buten e Pentan e 2M-1,3-Butadien e t-2-Penten e 3,3-DM-l-Buten e c-2-Penten e '

• 2M-2-Buten e Cyclopentadien e 2,2-DM-Butan e Cyclopenten e 4M-1-Penten e 3M-1-Penten e Cyclopentan e 2,3-DM-Butan e MTB E 4M-c-2-Penten e 

### 40 .

41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 50 . 51 . 52 . 5 3 54 . 55 . 56 . 57 . 58 . 59 . 60 . 61 . 62 . 63 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 68 . 69 . 70 . 71 . 72 . 73 . 74 . 75 . 76 . 77 . 78 . 2M-Pentan e 4M-t-2-Penten e 3M-Pentan e 2M-1-Penten e 1-Hexene Hexan e t-3-Hexen e c-3-Hexen e t-2-Hexen e 3M-t-2-Penten e 2M-2-Penten e 3M-Cyclopenten e c-2-Hexen e ETB E 3M-c-2-Penten e 2,2-DM-Pentan e M-Cyclopentan e 2,4-DM-Pentan e 2,2,3-TM-Butan e 3,4-DM-l-Penten e lM-Cyclopenten e Benzen e 3M-1-Hexen e 3,3-DM-Pentan e Cyclohexan e 2M-Hexan e 2,3-DM-Pentan e Cyclohexen e 3M-Hexan e c-l,3-DM-CycPentan e 3E-Pentan e t-l,2-DM-CycPentan e 1-Hepten e 2,2,4-TM-Pentan e t-3-Hepten e Heptan e 2M-2-Hexen e 3M-t-3-Hexen e t-2-Hepten e 

### 79 .

80 . 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 85 . 86 . 87 . 88 . 89 . 90 . 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 . 97 . 98 . 99 . 100 . 101 . 102 . 103 . 104 . 105 . 106 . 107 . 108 . 109 . 110 . 111 . 112 . 113 . 114 . 115 . 116 . 117 . 3E-c-2-Penten e 2,4,4-TM-l-Penten e 2,3-DM-2-Penten e c-2-Hepten e M-Cyclohexan e 2,2-DM-Hexan e 2,4,4-TM-2-Penten e 2,5-DM-Hexan e 2,4-DM-Hexan e 3,3-DM-Hexan e 2,3,4-TM-Pentan e 2,3,3-TM-Pentan e Toluen e 2,3-DM-Hexan e 2M-Heptan e 4M-Heptan e 3M-Heptan e lc,2t,3-TM-CPentan e c-l,3-DM-CycHexan e t-l,4-DM-CycHexan e 2,2,5-TM-Hexan e l-Octen e t-4-0cten e Octane t-2-0cten e t-l,3-DM-CycHexan e c-2-0cten e 2,3,5-TM-Hexan e 2,4-DM-Heptan e c-l,2-DM-CycHexan e E-Cyclohexan e 3,5-DM-Heptan e E-Benzen e 2,3-DM-Heptan e m&p-Xylen e 2M-0ctan e 3M-0ctan e Styren e o-Xylen e



### Pag e 1 6 o f 2 6P.2 4

2. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyze r HYDROCARBON

AN DOTHE RSPECIE S (Continued )

118
. 119
. 120
. 121
. 122
. 123
. 124
. 125
. 126. 127
. 128
. 129
. 130
. 131
. 6. 6 - 1-Nonen e Nonan e i-Propy l benzen e 2,2-DM-Octan e 

### LB I 2,4-DM-Octan e n-Propylbenzen e 1M-3E-Benzen e 1M-4E-Benzen e 1,3,5-TM-Benzen e 1E-2M-Benzen e 1,2,4-TM-Benzen e Decan e i-Buty l Benzen e 

### 132

133 134 135 136 137 13 8 13 9 140 14 1 

### 14 2 143 144 14 5 Additiona l Measurements : s-ButylBenzen e 146
. lM-3-i-PropBenzen e 147
. 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e 148
. lM-4-i-PropBenzen e 149
. Inda n 150
. lM-2-i-PropBenzen e 151
. 1,3-DE-Benzen e 152
. 1,4-DE-Benzen e 153
. lM-3-n-PropBenzen e 154
. lM-4-n-PropBenzen e 155
. 1,2-DE-Benzen e 156
. lM-2-n-PropBenzen e 157
. l,4-DM-2-E-Benzen e 158
. l,3-DM-4-E-Benzen e l,2-DM-4-E-Benzen e l,3-DM-2-E-Benzen e Undecan e l,2-DM-3-E-Benzen e 1,2,4,5-TetMBenzen e 2M-ButylBenzen e 1,2,3,5-TetMBenzen e tert-lB-2M-Benzen e 1,2,3,4-TetMBenzen e n-PentBenzen e tert-lB-3,5-DM-Ben z Napthalen e Dodecan e

Diese l exhaus t specie s (>C12 ) ar e no t addresse d i n th e abov e list
. Thes e (a s ye t unidentified ) compound s ma yb e adde d i n th e future
. I f th e hig hmolecula r weigh t diese l exhaus t specie s ar e included , the n th e entir e sampl e handlin g syste mmus t b e temperatur e controlle d t o 375° F (190°C ) ±10'F
. 6. 7 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Reguirements : Ra wanalo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable)
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l an d diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 6. 8 - Contro l and Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
. 6. 9 - Cost : $40 k - 100 k pe r instrumen t desire d 6.1 0 - Calibration/Maintenance : Tir e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o b e automaticall ycalibrate d usin g a NIS T traceabl e ga s mixtur e o f approximatel y2 5 hydrocarbons
. Referenc e time s fo r al l component s wil l b e linearl yadjuste d t o th e time s acquire d durin g thi s 2 5 componen t injection
. Quantificatio n wil l b e base d o n propane . On e concentratio n leve l require d unles s linearit ycanno t b e achieved
. Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o hol d it s calibratio n fo r 2 4 hours
. Schedule d maintenanc e o n a monthl ybasis
. Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha n weekly
.

Pag e 1 7 o f 2 6P.2 5

6.1 1 - Sampl e Collection : Batc hcollectio nrequire dwit hmultipl e ba g capabilit y (supplie db

y th e vehicl e manufacturer) . Initiall y envisio naneigh t ba g devic e wit hfou r sampl e an dfou r backgroun dbags . Eac hsample/backgroun dba g mus t b e abl e t o b e asynchronousl y filled/analyzed . A

completel y

automate dsampl e handlin g system wil l b e required . 6.1 2 - Accuracy : Th e propose dmetho dmus t agre e wit hth e curren t accepte dtechnolog y t o withi nth e limit s liste dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea kconcentration s inpp m C , an din reactivit y

adjuste dg 0 3 / g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n5% .

Reading s inpo

m C Agreemen t > 5 5 % 1. 0 - 5. 0 10 % < 1. 0 25 % Detectio nlimi t a t o r bette r tha n2 0 ppbC . Specification s ar e fo r dilute d exhaust . 6.1 3 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t b e highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l b e cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nb e show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 6.1 4 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g 6.1 5 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e "ruggedized " t o withstan dcontinuou s operatio ni na productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

Pag e 1 8 o f 2 67. 0 - Rea l Tim e "Top15 " Speciatio nAnalyze r

7. 1 - Description : Areal-tim e "to p 15 " analyze r woul d measur e selecte d individua l chemica l specie s foun d i n vehicl e exhaust
. Th e desire d dat a acquisitio n rat e i s 0.5-1 0 Hz , fo r th e 1 5 compounds
. Thi s devic e wil l no t b e use d fo r regulator ycomplianc e measurements , bu t instea d fo r researc hand developmen t testing
. Th e "to p 15 " compound s hav e bee n selecte d base d o n thei r reactivit yand abundanc e i n aut o emissions
. Thei r measuremen t woul d allo wth e use r t o determin e th e tota l ozon e formin g potentia l o f vehicl e exhaus t wit ha reasonabl e degre e o f certainty
. 7. 2 - Operatio n Modes : Moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s require d fo r th e measuremen t o f specie s durin g vehicl e testing
. 7. 3 - Performanc e (figur e o f merit) : Th e minimu m

quantifiabl e amoun t fo r individua l hydrocarbon s shoul d b e abou t 2 0 par t pe r billio n o r 0.0 3 /ig/gaseou s L i n th e exhaus t sample
. Accurac y requirement s ar e addresse d below
. Th e minimu manalysi s cycl e tim e fo r th e analysis o f 1 5 compound s i s 2 seconds , wit hshorte r cycl e time s desirable
. Th e instrumen t and dat a syste mmus t b e capabl e o f collectin g and handlin g dat a file s o f seve n hour s tim e duration , whic hcoul d requir e file s o f mor e tha n 1,000,00 0 dat a points
. Instrumen t calibratio n shoul d b e automate d and shoul d b e require d n o mor e tha n onc e ever y2 4 hours
. Schedule d maintenanc e shoul d requir e n o mor e tha n 4 hour s per-mont hand preventativ e maintenanc e n o mor e tha n 2 hour s pe r week
. 7. 4 - Architecture : Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o operat e i n rea l worl d (hostile ) environments
. Temperatur e range s o f 5 0 - 9 5 deg F mus t b e accommodate d b yth e syste mhardware , includin g th e dat a system , unles s th e dat a syste mca n b e operate d fro ma remot e location
. Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas yacces s fo r servicing
. Rac k mountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired
. 7. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniou e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra wanalo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable)
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l and diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 7. 6 - Contro l and Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
.

Pag e 1 9 o f 2 6P.2 7



### 7. 7 - Measurement s Required : Mus t b e flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel y andqualitatively ) an y selecte d1 5 compound s o f hydrocarbon s fro m C l throug hC12 , an

doxygenate d hydrocarbon s from

C l throug hC7 . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o chang e th e "top15 " lis t programmaticall y

wit hminima l downtime . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o ad do r delet e specie s from

th e maste r lis t a s needed . Th e maste r specie s lis t fro m whic hth e to p1 5 wil l be selected , i s show nbelow :

THI S LIS T O F COMPOUND S I S CONSIDERE DPROPRIETAR Y INFORMATION . I T CA

N B E SUPPLIE DUNDE RCONFIDENTIA L TERMS .

Th e abov e listin grelate s t o Californi a Phas e I I fuel . However , fo r natura l gas , methano l an

dethano l fuel s th e followin gcompound s woul dals o be present . CNG

• Propan e Methano l Blend s

• Methano l
• 1M-4E-Benzen e Ethano l Blend s Ethano l Methano l 1M-4E-Benzen e 1E-2M-Benzen e Acetaldehyd e Th e primar y

targete dcompound s ar e th e aromatic s (especiall y benzene , an dxylenes) , olefin s (especiall y ethene) , an

dformaldehyde . Whil e isome r dat a i s highl y desirable , quantitatio ndat a fo r compound s isobari c ma y

be acceptable . Fo r instance , distinguishin gbetwee nth e aromatic s ma y

no t be possible . toluene , specifi c tha t ar e C 9 alky l

Pag e 2 0 o f 2 6P.2 8

7. 8 - Sampl e Handling ; Th e instrumen t mus t eithe r b e capabl e o f direc t samplin g o f dilut e exhaus t o r o f acceptin g a sampl e o f raw exhaus t fro

m a heate dsampl e probe . Raw exhaus t wil l hav e a de w

poin t o f 120-130'F , s o interna l sampl e line s mus t b e heate dt o preven t condensation , o r th e sampl e dilute dwit hpur e dr y gase s ina

ninterna l ga s samplin g manifold . 7. 9 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (Auto/Oil-HPLC , liqui dinjectio nGC , an d gaseou s injectio nGC ) oneac hpea kpe r th e tabl e below . Ninety-fiv e percen t o f th e determination s o f th e two method s mus t agre e withi nth e limit s tabulate dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea kconcentration s i npp m C , an di n reactivit y

adjuste dg Oj/ g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n10% . Reading s (pp

m C ) Agreemen t > 1. 0 ±5 % 0.0 6 - 1. 0 + 10 % < 0.0 6 ± 25 % Minimum detectio nlimi t - 2 0 ppb C 7.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M A-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l b e cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o be resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 7.1 1 - Cost : S25K-50 Kpe r instrumen t desired .

8. 0 - Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Hydrocarbo n(NMOG ) Reactivit y Analyze r

8. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e wil l measur e th e tota l reactivit y (ozon e formin g potential ) o f a vehicl e emission s sample . T o facilitat e analysis , th e instrumen t ma y brea k thes e "total " number s dow nint o logica l sub-group s suc ha s CAR B reactivit y categorie s (lik e 0-1 , 1- 2 a s define dinth e CAR B Titl e 1 3 document ; Carte r MI R factors) , o r b

y hydrocarbo ncategor y (e.g. , olefins , alcohols , aromatics , etc.) . I t mus t b e designe dfo r fas t analysi s time an db e compatibl e wit h existin g tes t sit e architectures .

Pag e 2 1 o f 2 6P.2 9



### 8. 1 - Description : (Continued ) I t i s desirabl e t o hav e th e instrumen t simultaneousl y measur e th e NMO G concentration . However , i t i s recognize dtha t thi s may no t b e possibl e i

na singl e instrument . 8. 2 - Operatio nModes : Two mode s ar e envisioned . Firs t i s batc hanalysis , whic hi s require dt o measur e th e variou s reactivitie s durin g eac hphas e o f th e test . Secondl y moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s desire dfo r th e measuremen t o f reactivitie s durin g developmen t testing . 8. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycle time o f les s tha n5 minute s required , 2 minute s desired . Moda l analysi s (optional ) cycle time o f 1 second . 8. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t be installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r test.site . Th e instrumen t mus t no t be sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio nassociate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing . I t mus t have a smal l footprint . Al l majo r component s mus t have eas y acces s fo r servicing . Rac kmountin g (19" ) wit h slide s i s desired . 8. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t be flexibl e enought o measur e th e tota l NMOGreactivity . Th e type s o f hydrocarbon s presen t ar e liste dunde r AIGE Rspecification s #5. 0 an d#6.0 . 8. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable) . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 8. 7 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 8. 8 - Cost : $4'Q K- $100 Kpe r instrumen t desire d 8. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e automaticall y calibrate dusing a (t o b e determined ) mixtur e o f oxygenated , an dnon-oxygenate dhydrocarbons . Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o hol dit s calibratio nfo r 2 4 hours . Schedule dmaintenanc e ona monthl y basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e no soone r tha nweekly .

Pag e 2 2 o f 2 6P.3 0

8.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : Becaus e o f th e difficultie s involve dwit hproperl y collectin g oxygenate d hydrocarbon s inth e presenc e o f wate r vapor , th e instrumen t manufacture r mus t suppl y some typ e o f sampl e collectio nsystem t o addres s sampl e handlin g concerns . Inbatc hanalysi s mode , multipl e collectio nsystem s ar e require din orde r t o averag e th e vehicl e emissio n(an dbackgroun demission ) sample s ove r th e variou s phase s o f th e test . Fou r vehicl e samples , an dfou r backgroun d collectio nsystem s ar e required . Eac hsample/backgroun dcollectio nsystem mus t be asynchronousl y filled/analyzed . Moda l analysi s (optional ) wil l be vi a a continuou s (heated ) probe . Prefe r th e instrumen t t o operat e ineithe r a raw o r dilute dexhaust mode . Inth e ra w exhaus t mod e th e manufacture r need s t o desig nfo r wate r vapo r handlin g (typica l dew poin t 120-13 0 de g F ) an dth e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust sampling . Fo r diese l exhaust , raw o r dilute , th e entir e samplin g system mus t b e heate dt o 375° F (190°C ) ±10°F . 8.1 1 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y a s follows : (1 ) 5 % agreemen t whe ncompare dt o th e tota l reactivit y a s calculate db

y th e CAR B "ozone/gram " equation , using full y speciate dhydrocarbo ndat a (b y GC analysis-suc ha s tha t use dinth e Auto/Oi l Program ) an doxygenate d hydrocarbo ndat a (b

y HPLC/Liqui dInjectio nGC analysi s suc ha s tha t used inth e Auto/Oi l program. ) (2 ) (OPTIONAL Concentratio nMeasurement ) 5 % agreemen t whe ncompare dt o th e Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s (NMOG ) concentratio na s calculate dwit hth e CAR B Titl e 1 3 NMOGequatio na s show nbelow : NMOG= Tota l HC s - CH 4 + Oxygenate dHydrocarbon s Notes : • Tota l HC s a s measure db y th e tes t sit e Flame Ionizatio n Detecto r (FID ) CH 4 a s measure db

y th e tes t sit e G C methan e analyze r Oxygenate dhydrocarbon s a s measure db y "...a s use dinth e Auto/Oi l program. " HPLC/Liqui dInjectio nGC technique s 8.1 2 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s may as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o be resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 8.1 3 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g

Pag e 2 3 o f 2 6P.3 1

8.1 5 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t be ruggedize dt o withstan dcontinuou s operatio ni na productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t be sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .
9. 0 - Interfacin g Guide!- i rites' ; fo r Ne w Vehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentatio n

Th e followin g guideline s describ e genera l requirement s fo r interfacin g new instrumentatio nt o a sit e computer , and , possibly , t o othe r device s ona chassis-dynamomete r emissio ntes t site . Th e followin g aspect s of new instrumentatio nshoul dbe reviewe dwit hth e AIGE R Syste m Integratio nSubcommitte e prio r t o implementation : Compute r an

dinterfacin g hardwar e Interfacin g technologie s an dprotocol s Instrumen t comman dset s Dat a samplin g requirement s (e.g . sampl e rate ) Dat a storag e an

dtransmissio nformattin g Any interna l algorithm s tha t manipulat e dat a (e.g . linearization )

Th e instrumen t interfac e mus t adher e t o on e o f th e tw o approache s describe d below . Approac h# 1 represent s th e preferre dapproac hfo r th e shor t term . Thi s approac hprovide s fo r th e integratio no f new instrumentatio nint o present-da y

tes t sites . A

ninstrumen t implemente daccordin g t o Approac h# 1 mus t allow

fo r futur e conversio nt o Approac h#2 . Approac h# 2 represent s the long-ter m

visio nfo r integratio nof instrumentatio nint o th e tes t cel l o f th e future . Approac h#1 : I f possible , a new instrumen t shoul dincorporat e interface s tha t ar e compatibl e wit hinterfacin g technologie s already implemente dintypica l U. S emissio ntes t systems . Approac h#2 : I f curren t emissio ninterface s fai l t o mee t th e requirement s

of a new instrument , the na

nalternativ e interface , subjec t t o guideline s outline dbelow , shoul dbe implemented .

Note : Th e interface s describe dbelow ar e describe dwit hrespec t t o th e instrumen t itself . Fo r example , "Analo g Output " refer s t o a nanalo g outpu t originatin g a t th e instrument , generatin g a signa l tha t wil l be receive db

y th e sit e compute r o r othe r device .

Pag e 2 4 o f 2 6P.3 2

Approac h# 1
Ne w vehicl e emissio ninstrumentatio nshoul dutiliz e a combinatio no f th e followin g interfaces : 

### 1

3 . Analo g outpu t channel s • Voltag e rang e 0- 5 VDC . • Analo g outpu t i s appropriat e onl y whe nrequire dsampl e rate s ar e n o greate r tha n2 0 Hz . • I f th e require dtota l numbe r o f paralle l analo g outpu t channel s i s excessiv e (e.g . greate r tha n10) , the na nalternativ e interfac e shoul db e considered . Discret e digita l outpu t channel s

. Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . • True-hig hlogic . • Logi c shoul db e level-dependent , no t edge-triggered . • OF F conditio n< 5 V . • ON conditio n> 1 2 V . • ON curren t a t leas t 25 0 mA . Pulse-trai noutpu t channel s

. Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . • OF F conditio n< 5 V . • ON conditio n> 1 2 V . Analo g inpu t channel s • Voltag e rang e 0- 5 VDC . • Inpu t impedanc e a t least 1 Mfi . • I f th e require dtota l numbe r o f paralle l analo g inpu t channel s i s excessiv e (e.g . greate r tha n10) , the nanalternativ e interfac e shoul db e considered . Discret e digita l input s Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . True-hig hlogic . Logi c shoul db e level-dependent , no t edge-triggered . Low leve l threshol dvoltag e 5 V . Hig hleve l threshol dvoltag e 1 2 V . Hig hleve l inpu t curren t 5 m A ma xa t 2 4 V . Approac h# 2 Approac h#2 , a s outline dbelow , wil l b e take ni f Approac h# 1 i s inadequat e fo r any,o f th e followin g reasons :

• Th e instrumen t interfacin g canno t b e implemente dusin g onl y a combinatio no f th e abov e technologies .

• Dat a samplin g a t a rat e highe r tha n2 0 H z i s required .

• A nexcessiv e numbe r o f analo g outpu t o r inpu t channel s i s required .

• Excessiv e complexit y i s require dt o implemen t Approac h#1 .
Pag e 2 5 o f 2 6P.3 3



### Approac h# 2 (Continued ) Th e instrumen t wil l utiliz e th e followin g interfacin g technologies :

• I f th e instrumen t utilize s a nembedde dcomputer , the compute r shoul dbe programmabl e logi c controller , DO S PC , o r UNI Xcompatible . Compute r platfor m independenc e shoul dbe maintaine dwhereve r possible .
• Ethernet , TCP/I P interface . Off-the-shel f communicatio nsoftwar e shoul d be used , whereve r possible .
• Th e instrumen t interfac e commandse t wil l be develope di ncooperatio n wit hth e AIGE RSystem

Integratio nSubcommittee .
• Th e instrumen t interfac e commandse t wil l conform t o th e standar dSCP I commandse t (Standar dCommand s fo r Programmabl e Instruments) .
• Embedde dinstrumen t compute r softwar e shoul dbe writte ni nANS I C for portabilit y

t o futur e compute r platforms .
Refe r t o th e attache ddocuments : Tes t Sit e Communicatio nMode l Partitione dApproac ht o Suppor t Futur e Alternativ e Hardwar e Interface s

Pag e 2 6 o f 2 6

## AIGE R sit e communicatio n preliminar yproposa l

sit e 1

sit e compute r control s tes t -It *
an d collect * dat a Facilit yhos t compute r Dat a storag e an d analysi s Facilit yHos t Applicatio n softwar

e

« SCP I Comman

d Interfac

e

Facilit yLa n

Etherne t TCP/I P

Tes t Sit e Applicatio n Softwar e SCP I Comman

d Interface

Instrumen t comman d SCP I

pocke t TCP/I P

packe t 

# T 

# I SCP I common s TCP/I P

pocke t sit e Ia n

SCP I comman d Interfac e
Instrumentatio n applicatio n

eoftwar e 

# I Etherne t TCP/I P
Instrumen t computer :

- OO S P C oompaltbl e "
e rUNIXw>rfcetatlo n 

# 1

SCP I comman d Interfac e Instrumentatio n appUcatio n

softwar e

Instrumen t OOOOO O 

# I o o .

sit e compute r control s tes t sit e an d collect s dat a .^
. Baromete r

sit e n

Tes t Sit e Applicatio n Software SCP I Command Interface

Instrumen t oomman d SCP I

packe t TCP/I P

packet 

# J L SCP I comman d TCP/I P

packe t sit e Ia n

SCP I oomman d Interfac e Instrumentatio n appSeaHo n 

# I Etherne t TCP/I P
Imtrumen t compute R

" - OO S PC compatibl e ~ a rUNI Xvariolatio n 

# 1

SCP I oomman d Interfoc e InatnMnentatfo n o-pptfeatfo n

•offeror *

OOOOO O 

# I

Instrumen tP.3 5

AIGE R Syste m Integratio n Subcommitte e Partitioned Approac h t o Suppor t Futur e Alternativ

e Hardwar

e Interface

s Apartitione d approach , a s show n i n th e diagra m below , i s envisione d fo rinterfacin g emission s instrumentatio n t o th e tes t sit e o f th e future

. Th e architecture provide s fo ra "SCP I (Standar d Command s fo rProgrammabl e Instruments ) Comman d Layer " t o isolat e th e hardware interfac e fro m th e instrumen t applicatio n software

. Communicatio n i s achieve d bySCP I command s passe d betwee n th e applicatio n softwar e layer s o f th e compute ran d instrumen t vi a th e hardware interface

. Aresul t o f thi s partitione d approac h i s tha t th e instrumen t functionalit yi s tightl ycouple d t o th e SCP I commands , bu t independen t o f th e hardware interface

. Whil e th e interfac e o f choic e a t thi s tim e i s Ethernet/IEE E 802. 3 TCP/IP , th e instrumen t architecture shoul d be structure d t o facilitat e futur e migratio n t o alternativ e hardware interfaces , suc h a s IEEE-488 (GPIB) , VXI-Bus , etc

. Th e SCP I comman d laye rshoul d be implemente d suc h tha t a n alternativ e hardware interfac e wil l no t require an y chang e t o SCP I command s o rapplicatio n software

.

TES TSIT E CDMPUTE R TES TSIT E INSTRUMENTATION

SIT
. CWPUTER

«PP.ICAT_1 « STTVM S LAY W SCP I <M0CNKH T COMMNO O

THAOWM C LATCI IMTEWAC D

OPOWTD-

5 SYSTtN LAY U

- KVK X DRIVC R <KFCMDr r O N t**»V*_f c MTCtTM O V r o one * M

wravM K

wTor* a (INTESTAC
. c«a &

- CTMJBCT/HX - S-t - CASUS
. CTC -

- VW/V M U S

- *i-ex/*et/<»

- .pr i m s • • nuoNTATia i

INSTMCM TCtHraOUO l - UM XVOKSTATID M

- P C

- PL C
oacnc D imnucu T- m n APP.ICATtQN SOTTVA KCO».IAIIT LATC T•M« u c SCS I (IMtPCNKN T C9MMI 1 O

THMBVM K LAT_» INTDVM O -POMTIN B rrsTt x LATC R

- DCVtC C DBNt B (tCPCNKN T O N HMtln/Me l orrarta>P.3 6

iw'M"- 7

\\

, 8

•—

.~„.- . . r r X•*• * .A •J .J i. s'
. \ AMERICA N INDUST R Y / GOVERNMEN TETUI' S WlOT^l B R E S E A R C H

Cooperativ e Reaearc h & Developmen t Agreemen t 

# Specifications ForAdvanced Emissions TestInstrumentation

February , 1994

CaliforniaEnvironmenta

l ProtectionAgenc

y 

# S PAir Resource s Boar

d ATMOSPHERI C RESEARC H S .Jfifi L

_

AN D EXPOSUR E ASSESSMENT§ VVi^- / S LABORATOR

Y%
. ~^^1____»-. ^

& H 1 NATIONA L VEHICL E ^•9 7 O AN D FUE L EMISSION S

* I AQnUATI-IP V fc> mil , I WUl
. bllll
. ^ LABORATOR

Y

SHARIN G TECHNOLOG YFO R ASTRONGE R AMERIC A ENVIRONMENTA L RESEARC H CONSORTIU M 

# &wd
4k CHRYSLE R TJS CORPORATIO N

MAR KO F EXCELLENC E

: i " 3Kj £ 

# NAVISTAR

. *••• •* 

# JWH '.AMERICA N INDUSTRY / GOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H

Cooperativ e Researc h an d Developmen t Agreemen t P.3 7

COOPERATIV E RESEARC H AN D DEVELOPMEN T AGREEMEN T

betwee nth e Environmenta l Researc hConsortium , th e Californi aAi r

Resource s Boar dan dth e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y MEASUREMENT

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOTOR VEHICLEEMISSIONS Participant s Thi s Cooperativ e Researc han d Developmen t

Agreemen t

(CRADA ) bring s togethe r engineer s an dscientist s fro mth e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA) , Chrysler , Ford , Genera l Motors , Navistar , an dth e Californi aAi r Resource s Boar d(CARB)

. Industry participant s i nthi s projec t ar e workin g unde r

th e auspice s o f th e Environmenta l Researc hConsortiu m (ERC ) withi nth e Unite dState s Counci l for Automotiv e Researc h(USCAR)

. Purpos e Th e purpos e o f

thi s Cooperativ e Researc han dDevelopmen t Agreemen t (CRADA ) i s t o hel p commercializ e ne w technologie s fo r

th e measuremen t

o f evaporativ e an dexhaus t emission s fro m car s an dtrucks

. Th e goa l wil l b e reache d throug hth e identification , encouragement , developmen t

an devaluatio no f

equipment , facilitie s an dtechnique s t o enabl e industry an dgovernmen t

agencie s t o properl y tes t vehicle s i naccordanc e withth e provision s o f th e Clea nAi r

Ac t Amendment s o f

199 0 an drecen t

regulation s b y th e Stat e o f California

. Researc hwil l focu s primaril y o n method s o f

detectin g low-leve l emission s of hydrocarbons , carbo nmonoxide , oxide s o f nitroge nan dnon-methan e organi c gases . Th e detectio nan dquantificatio no f specifi c hydrocarbons , oxygenate s an dothe r compound s emitte dfro mconventiona l an d alternate-fuele dvehicle s wil l als o b e studied

. Backgroun d A s aresul t

o f th e increasingl y stringen t vehicl e emissio nstandards , curren t analytica l equipmen t

an dmethod s wil l n o longe r b e appropriate

. Th e technolog y develope dthroug hthi s CRAD Awil l hel p ensur e tha t

aut o maker s an dregulator y agencie s hav e th e resource s neede dt o properl y measur e emission s fro mth e vehicle s of

th e future

. Benefits t o Governmen tan d Industr y Amajo r resul t o f thi s researc hactivity wil l b e th e commercializatio no f specialize d instrumentatio nt o measur e ultra-lo w level s o f variou s type s o f

exhaus t emission s i na

n accurate , precis e an defficien t manner . Anothe r resul t wil l b e th e developmen t o f facilities , equipmen t

an dtechnique s t o measur e evaporativ e emission s unde r carefully controlle dconditions

. Thi s CRAD Arelationshi p wil l als o mak e i t possibl e for

sufficien t

quantitie s o f th e bes t possibl e instrument s t o b e mad e availabl e t o industry an dth e publi c i nth e shortes t possibl e tim e frame

. Researc hcan als o b e accomplishe di nacost-effectiv e manne r sinc e th e governmen t an dth e automotiv e industry , th e tw o larges t market s for thes e products , wil l b e workin g togethe r t o creat e commo nspecification s an d method s of

evaluation

. Th e progra mbega ni nOctobe r 199 2 an di s expecte dt o ru nfiv e year s withtota l "in-kind " contribution s o f th e participant s estimate da

t ove r $ 5 million

. Thi s Agreemen t

i s on e o f 5 0 CRADA s whic hEP Aha s wit hvariou s U.S

. businesses , academi c institution s an dstat e an dloca l government s unde r th e Federa l Technolog y Transfe r

Ac t o f 1986

. Thes e agreement s serv e a s amechanis mfo r th e federal governmen t

t o work withcompanie s t o develo p ne w pollutio ncontro l technologie s an defficientl y brin g the mint o th e marketplace

. Contact: John White, EPA, (313) 668-4353

Californi a Ai rResource s Board •Environmenta l Researc h Consortiu m •Unite d State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc yP.3 8

AMERICA N INOUSTRY/OOVERNMEN TEMISSION S RESEARC H

.< r.<r W'r>&?- J*" - r. ~S > s» '& r jJ*2jl&?--. ,*£& P Cooperativ a Raaaaro h & Developmen t Agreemen t


# Specifications Fo rAdvanced Emissions TestInstrumentation

Revisio n5. 0 February , 199 4

AIGE RP D - 9 4 - 1

Comments onthi s report

ma y b e directedto : Joh nT

. White U.S

. Environmenta

l ProtectionAgency 256 5 Plymout

hRoa d An nArbor , MI4810 5 Telephone : (313 ) 668-435 3 Fax : (313 ) 668-444 0

ENVIRONMENIA I RESEARC H CONSORTIU M 

# •*B > < *P.3 9

Technica l Challeng e

Ne wFedera l and Californi a vehicl e emission s regulation s presen t th e vehicl e industr yan d governmen t regulator s wit ha numbe r o f technica l challenges
. A majo r challeng e lie s i n th e are a o f emission s measurement . A s th e vehicl e emissio n rate s decrease , ther e i s a correspondin g decreas e i n th e accurac yo f th e curren t emissio n measuremen t technology
. Th e greates t challeng e wil l b e t o accuratel ymeasur e hydrocarbo n (HC ) exhaus t emissio n rate s fro multr a lo w emissio n vehicle s (ULEV)
. Par t o f th e proble mi s th e backgroun d H C concentratio n i n th e dilutio n air
. A s th e dilute d exhaus t concentration s approac hth e backgroun d concentration , and occasionall yar e eve n foun d t o b e lowe r tha n th e backgroun d concentration , i t become s y&ry difficul t t o achiev e accurat e H C measurements . On e approac ht o solvin g thi s proble mi s t o us e mini-dilute r technology
. Amini-dilute r samplin g syste mwoul d continuousl y tak e a lo wvolum e sampl e o f th e undilute d exhaus t a t a rat e directl y proportiona l t o th e exhaus t flo wrate . Thi s sampl e strea mwoul d b e dilute d wit hdr yclea n ai r o r nitrogen
. Usin g a clea n ai r o r nitroge n suppl ywoul d greatl yreduc e th e backgroun d concentration
. Wit ha stabl e clea n diluen t supply , th e nee d t o mak e backgroun d measurement s woul d b e eliminated
. B y usin g a.dr ydiluent , th e dilutio n rati o require d t o staybelo wth e de wpoin t i s reduced , thereb yincreasin g th e concentratio n o f th e sample
. An additiona l advantag e o f thi s approac hi s tha t batc hsample s ca n b e collecte d a t an ypoin t i n th e exhaus t system , suc ha s a t a precatalys t location
. Specificatio n 1. 0 (Mini-Dilute r Technology ) detail s th e requirement s fo r a mini-dilute r system . Thi s syste m

require s a n accurate , continuou s measuremen t o f th e exhaus t flo w rate . Ne wtechnolog yi s require d t o accomplis hthi s task
. Specificatio n2. 0 (Vehicl e Exhaus t Volum e Measurement ) provide s th e requirement s fo r th e vehicl e exhaus t volum e measurement . Th e requirement s fo r th e diluen t ai r ar e give n in Specificatio n3. 0 (Zer o Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-Diluter) .
Ne wCaliforni a regulation s requir e th e measuremen t o f non-methan e hydrocarbo n (NMHC ) exhaus t emissions , rathe r tha n tota l hydrocarbo n (HC ) exhaus t emissions
. Fo r gasolin e vehicles , NMH C i s currentl ydetermine d b yth e differenc e betwee n th e H C measuremen t and a n independen t methan e measurement . Th e methan e i s measure d o n a batc hbasi s usin g ga s chromatograph y(GC)
. Thus , i. t i s no t possibl e t o continuousl ymonito r th e NMH C concentration
. H C in th e exhaus t o f natura l ga s fuele d vehicle s typicall yi s 95 % o r mor e methane
. Thus , NMH C canno t b e accuratel ydetermine d b ydifference
. Instead , NMH C mus t b e determine d b

ysummin g al l HCs othe r tha n methan e determine d b yGC
. T o avoi d thes e complexities , a direc t NMH C instrumen t i s required
. Requirement s ar e give n i n Specificatio n4. 0 (Direc t Methan e an dNon-methan e Hydrocarbo n Analyzer) . Th e ne wCaliforni a exhaus t emissio n regulation s als o requir e th e measuremen t o f NMO G(non-methan e organi c gases) , wher e NMO Gi s tota l H C minu s methan e plu s oxygenate d hydrocarbons
. Oxygenate s includ e th e C1-C 7 aldehyde s and ketone s a s wel l a s alcohols
. Currently , th e aldehyde s and ketone s ar e collecte d o n a batc hbasi s i n a soli d sorben t cartridge , followe d b yelutio n and liqui d chromatographi c (HPLC ) analysis
. Alcohol s ar e collecte d o n a batc hbasi s i n a wate r fille d impinge r and determine d b yGC
. An instrumen t whic hca n measur e al l thes e specie s i s describe d i n Specificatio n5. 0 (Fas t Oxygenate d Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyzer) . (i )P.4 0

Al l C1-C1 2 hydrocarbon s ar e currentl ymeasure d o n a batc hbasi s b yG C analysi s o n tw o columns
. Thes e analyse s ar e performe d t o determin e ai r toxic s (1,3

- butadien e and benzene ) an d t o permi t th e determinatio n o f th e ozon e formatio n potentia l o f th e exhaus t organi c compounds
. Californi a regulation s specif y tha t reactivit yb e determine d b ysummin g th e produc t o f th e reactivit yfacto r (Carte r factor ) fo r eac hcompoun d and it s emissio n rate . Th e curren t G C method s ar e to o tim e consuming
. Therefore , Specificatio n 6. 0 (Fas t Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyzer ) describe s th e requirement s fo r a faste r hydrocarbo n speciatio n analyze r fo r batc hsamples
. Expansio n o f th e analysi s o f individua l HC s t o highe r molecula r weigh t specie s fo r diese l exhaus t i s als o desired
. Continuou s analysi s o f individua l HC s durin g emissio n testin g i s als o desirabl e fo r engineerin g purposes . Whil e i t i s desirabl e t o b e abl e t o continuousl ymonito r al l individua l H C species , i t i s unlikel ytha t technolog y wil l b e availabl e t o accomplis hthi s in th e nex t fe wyears . Alarg e fractio n o f th e exhaus t H C reactivit yi s accounte d fo r b y1 5 compound s (hydrocarbon s an d oxygenates)
. Therefore , Specificatio n 7. 0 (Fas t "Top15 " Speciatio n Analyzer ) describe s thes e requirements
. Th e to p 1 5 compound s wil l var ywit h changin g fue l composition
. Sinc e reformulate d gasoline s and alternativ e fuel s ar e growin g i n importance , i t i s desirabl e tha t thi s instrumen t measur e a s manya s 3 0 differen t compounds
. Measurin g individua l hydrocarbon s fo r th e determinatio n o f reactivit yi s a majo r challenge
. Th e instrument s describe d i n specificatio n 6. 0 and .7. 0 woul d greatl yeas e tha t task
. However , th e nee d fo r suc hinstrument s woul d b e greatl yreduce d i f a direc t reactivit yanalyze r coul d b e developed
. Specificatio n8. 0 (Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Reactivit yAnalyzer) , call s fo r suc han instrument
. Mos t o f th e abov e device s wil l requir e som e typ e o f compute r t o contro l thei r operatio n and collec t appropriat e data
. I n additio n th e ergonomi c and electroni c interface s t o th e conventiona l tes t sit e nee d t o b e common . Recognizin g thi s challenge , AIGE R establishe d a "System s Integration " grou p whic hi s charge d wit hstandardizin g instrumentatio n interface s and compute r equipment
. T o thi s end Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne w Vehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation ) addresse s th e interfac e standardizin g issue
. Othe r technica l problem s o f interes t t o AIGE R fo r whic hspecification s hav e no t bee n writte n include : Improve d referenc e material s an d standard s Improve d robo t driver s fo r reduce d tes t vehicl e emission s variabilit y Cartridge s t o replac e alcoho l samplin g impinger s Speciate d fue l analysi s improvement s Syste m integratio n o f th e ne wtechnologie s Improve d evaporativ e emission s tes t procedure s

(ii )P.4 1

Tabl e o f Content s

Titl e Pag e Technica l Challeng e I . Prefac e 2
II . Introductio nt o Technica l Specification s 3
III . Technica l Specificatio n5

1. 0 - Mini-Dilute r Technolog y 5 2. 0 - Vehicl e Exhaus t Volume Measuremen t 7 3. 0 - Zer o Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-dilute r 9 4. 0 - Direc t Methan e andNo nMethan e Hydrocarbo nAnalyze r 1 0 5. 0 - Fas t Oxygenate dHydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyze r 1 2 6. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo nSpeciatio nAnalyze r 1 5 7. 0 - Fas t "To p15 " Speciatio nAnalyze r 1 9 8. 0 - Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Reactivit y Analyze r 2 2 9. 0 - Interfacin g Guideline s fo r Ne w Vehicl e Emissio n2 5 Tes t Instrumentatio n

Pag e 1 o f 2 6P.4 2

I . Prefac e

Th e Environmenta l Researc hConsortiu m (ERC ) wa s forme dinMarch , 199 1 t o facilitat e cooperativ e researc han ddevelopmen t inth e environmenta l sciences . Th e four-membe r consortium , consistin g o f Chrysle r Corporation , FordMoto r Company , Genera l Motor s Corporatio nan dNavista r Internationa l Transportatio n Corporation , presentl y conduct s cooperativ e program s pertainin g t o th e following : Lo

w Leve l Emission s Measurement ; Atmospheri c Modeling ; Rea l Worl d Emission s Measurement ; an dAtmospheri c Reactivit y o f Vehicl e an

dManufacturin g Hydrocarbo nEmission s (Assessmen t o f Measuremen t Methodologies) . OnOctobe r 15 , 199 2 th e ERC signe da Cooperativ e Researc han dDevelopmen t Agreemen t (CRADA ) wit hth e CAR B Haagen-Smi t Laboratory , th e EPA Nationa l Vehicl e an

dFue l Emission s Laboratory,an dth e EPA Atmospheri c Researc han d Exposur e Assessmen t Laboratory . Th e organizatio nha s bee nname dth e America n Industry/Governmen t Emission s Researc h(AIGER ) program . Th e followin g document , "Specification s fo r Advance dVehicl e Emission s Tes t Instrumentation, " wa s originall y prepare db

y th e ERC Committe e designate dt o conduc t th e Lo

w Leve l Emissio nMeasuremen t Program . Thi s revisio nwa s prepare db

y th e AIGE RCRADA , an dreserve s th e righ t t o amendthi s documen t a t an y time .

Pag e 2 o f 2 6P.4 3

II . Introductio nt o Technica l Specification s

Abstrac t

Inth e nea r future , vehicl e manufacturer s wil l nee dmuc hmor e sophisticate d analytica l tool s inorde r t o mee t new regulation s o f vehicl e emissions . Thes e regulation s ar e specifie db y th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) in th e Federa l Register , an db y th e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d(CARB ) inth e Titl e 1 3 document . Th e regulation s presen t ne w measuremen t challenge s whic h cente r aroundtwo principa l factors :

(1 ) Requirement s t o measur e th e extremel y low concentratio nlevel s o f emissions ; an d (2 ) Requirement s t o full y identif y

an dquantif y (speciate ) hydrocarbo nan doxygenate d hydrocarbo nemissions .

Curren t Vehicl e Emissio nTestin g

Typically , vehicl e emission s (exhaus t o r evaporative ) ar e collecte dinsampl e bag s a s th e vehicl e i s bein g tested . Thes e bag s ar e fille dove r a predefine d perio do f time an

drepresen t a weighte daverag e o f th e vehicle' s emissions . Mos t governmenta l regulation s requir e thi s "batch " techniqu e inmeasurin g vehicl e emissions . Fo r exhaus t emissions , th e vehicl e i s place dona chassi s dynamomete r and drive nt o pre-define dschedules . Th e entir e exhaus t stream i s continuousl y dilute dwit hambien t ai r usin g a constan t volum e sampler . Dilutio nratio s ar e typicall y

15:1 . Currentl y

th e Federa l Tes t Procedure s (FTP ) drivin g schedul e i s divide dint o thre e "phases" . Phas e 1 i s 50 5 second s long , phas e 2 i s 86 9 seconds , an

dphas e 3 i s a repea t o f phas e 1 . Fo r eac hphase , on e dilute d sampl e bag an

don e ambien t ba g (dilutio nair ) i s fille d(si xtotal) . Upo n completio no f eac hphas e o f th e test , bot hset s o f bag s ar e analyzed . Th e ambien t bag concentration s ar e the nsubtracte dfro m th e (respective ) sampl e ba g inorde r t o ge t actua l vehicl e exhaus t concentrations . Modificatio nt o th e drivin g schedul e whic hwil l ad da fourt hphas e (phas e 4) , ar e unde r consideration .

Pag e 3 o f 2 6P.4 4

Fo r evaporativ e emission s th e vehicl e i s place dint o a n"ai r tight " enclosur e andth e vehicle' s evaporativ e emission s ar e measure ddirectl y from th e . enclosur e and/o r collecte dinsampl e bags . A s inth e abov e exhaus t emission s test , th e ambien t concentration s ar e agai nsubtracte dfrom th e sampl e ba g in orde r t o ge t actua l evaporativ e emissions . Usin g curren t instrumentation , th e analysi s o f eac hbag' s exhaus t emission s i s complete d(typically ) withi nseconds . Becaus e o f th e highvolum e o f test s run pe r day , fas t analysis , automation , equipmen t reliability , eas e o f maintenance , minima l calibratio ntime , an dultimat e accurac y

ar e o f th e utmos t importance .

Technica l Challeng e

Inmany cases , th e instrumentatio nsystem s availabl e t o mee t th e ne w regulation s fal l fa r shor t o f technica l requirements . Th e attache d specification s identif y a serie s o f tool s whic hth e AIGE Rmember s believ e mus t b e develope dt o mee t th e new regulation s an

drequirements .

Lis t

CAR B 

### CF V CN G EP A ER C FI D FT P G C HPL C NMH C NMO G 

### SA O LA N L D H D LB I o f Abbreviation s Use d

Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d Critica l Flow

Ventur i Compresse dNatura l Ga s Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y Environmenta l Researc hConsortium Flam e Ionizatio nDetecto r Federa l Tes t Procedure s Ga s Chromatograp h Hig hPerformanc e Liqui d Chromatograp h Non-Methan e Hydrocarbo n Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Smoot hApproac hOrific e Loca l Are a Networ k Ligh t Dut y Heavy Dut y Lef t Blan kIntentionall y 

### H C C O C0 2 

### NO x LE V TLEV ULEV AIGE R 

### LP G NDI R SLP M 

### CETB E MTB E TAM E Hydrocarbon s Carbo nMonoxid e Carbo nDioxid e Nitrou s Oxid e Lo w Emission s Vehicl e Transitiona l LE

V Ultr a LE V Amer . Indust./Govm' t Emiss . Res # . Liqui dPropan e Ga s No nDispersiv e Infrare d Standar dLiter s Pe r Minut e Hydrocarbon s wit h"n " carbo natoms Ethy l T-Buty l Ethe r Methy l T-Buty l Ethe r T-Amy l Methy l Ethe r

Pag e 4 o f 26 'P.4 5

III . Technica l Specification s

Th e followin g specification s represen t AIGER' s opinion s andbes t estimate s fo r futur e instrumentatio nneed s an drequirements . Becaus e o f factor s suc ha s potentia l change s i nemissio nmeasuremen t requirement s o r alternativ e technologie s whic hmigh t no t hav e bee nconsidere dinthi s document , th e AIGE R maintain s th e righ t t o update/modif y thes e specification s a t an y time .
1. 0 - Mini-Dilute r Technolog y

1. 1 - Description : Th e mini-dilute r wil l tak e a smal l (continuous ) sampl e from th e vehicle' s ra

w exhaus t pipe , dilut e thi s sampl e wit heithe r dry nitroge no r "zero " grad e ai r (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n#3.0) , an dthe ntranspor t th e dilute dsampl e int o bag s fo r "batch " analysi s o r t o moda l emissio nanalyzer s fo r continuou s reading . Bot hsample s ar e draw nthroug hth e devic e unde r vacuum (custome r provide dpum

pa t th e dilute dexhaus t outpu t port) . Inpu t zer o ai r (o r N 2 ) wil l b e pressurize d(typicall y 10-3 0 psi) . Vehicl e exhaus t ga s wil l b e essentiall y

a t atmospheri c pressure . Th e mini-dilute r wil l appropriatel y hea t th e sampl e (u

pt o mi xpoint ) t o preven t an y wate r condensation . Dilutio n ratio s shal l b e programmable . Th e tota l (variabl e volume ) dilute dexhaus t outpu t wil l b e controlle dt o be proportiona l wit hth e vehicle s exhaus t flow rat e (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n#2.0) . 1. 2 - Respons e Time : 0. 1 secondt o 90 % o f tes t poin t desired . Transpor t tim e t o mi xpoin t les s tha n1 second . 1. 3 - Dilutio nRatio s Adjustable . Typicall y fixe dat 6:1 , 10: 1 or 15:1 . Custom ratio s an

d instantaneousl y

adjustabl e ratio s shoul dals o be provided . 1. 4 - Dilute dExhaus t Flow Rate : Proportiona l (andvarying ) t o exhaus t flow , typicall y 1-3 0 slp

m fo r ba g analysis . Fixe dflo w

fo r th e continuou s (modal ) mode , se t poin t t o be i nth e 25-3 5 slp

m range . 1. 5 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l footprin t and(preferably ) be wal l mounted . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing .

Pag e 5 o f 2 6P.4 6

1. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g output s from

eac hmas s flow

controller . Th e syste m mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 1. 7 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 1. 8 - Cost : $5 k- $20 kpe r tes t sit e desired . Additiona l Mini-dilute r insid e th e same tes t sit e shoul dbe significantl y less . 1. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e easil y calibrate dan

dhol dit s calibratio nfo r 3 0 days . Schedule dmaintenanc e o na monthl y

basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e no soone r tha nweekly . 1.1 0 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (C0 2 tai l pipe/ba g analysis ) ona carbo n balanc e basi s t o withi n1% . Withi nthi s 1 % toleranc e mus t no t demonstrat e an y se t poin t bias , i.e. , averag e = 0% . Proportionalit y contro l t o vehicl e exhaus t volume mus t b e withi n5% . Othe r constituent s (THC , CO , NOx ) t o withi n 3% . 1.1 1 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t b e highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nb e show nt o be resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 1.1 2 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z 1.1 3 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize dt o withstan dcontinuou s operatio nina productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t be sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

Pag e 6 o f 2 6P.4 7

2. 0 - Vehicl e Exhaus t Volum e Measuremen t

2. 1 - Descriptio n Thi s devic e wil l measur e th e vehicle' s tota l exhaus t flo w rate . Th e devic e mus t be non-intrusiv e t o vehicl e intake , exhaust , o r contro l systems , requir e n o modification s t o th e vehicle , an drequir e n o specia l setuptime prio r t o th e test . On e applicatio nfo r thi s devic e wil l be a s a contro l inpu t t o th e mini-dilute r (se e AIGE Rspecificatio n# 1.0) . Possibl e architecture s are : Direc t (devic e locate di nra w exhaust , tai l pip e flow stream ) Smoot hApproac hOrific e (SAO ) intai l pip e Mas s flo w

mete r Vorte xmete r i ntai l pip e Lase r base ddevic e Indirec t (vehicl e exhaus t i s dilute dwit hambien t air ) Critica l Flow

Ventur i (CFV ) measure s dilute dexhaus t volume , minu s ambien t ai r SAO CFV volume , minu s ambien t ai r mas s flo w mete r o r ho t wir e anemomete r Note : Instrumen t manufacturer s ma y sugges t othe r non-invasiv e solutions , i f available . Thi s devic e wil l hav e t o wor kwit halternat e fuele dvehicle s also , suc ha s methanol/ethanol/diese l an dnatura l gas . Modification s ma y be require dwhe n use dwit hdifferen t fuels , bu t ar e undesirable . Also , i f mas s flow

controller s ar e used , th e manufacture r ma y nee dredundan t (averaging ) sensor s t o achiev e th e desire daccuracy . 2. 2 - Respons e Time : 0. 1 secon dt o 90% , desired . 2. 3 - Bac kPressure/Operatin g Conditions : Devic e shal l no t affect th e bac kpressur e a t th e vehicl e tai l pipe . Manufacture r ca nincorporat e a nactiv e bac kpressur e contro l devic e t o maintai ntai l pip e pressur e t o withi n±0.25 " H 2 0 a t idl e conditions , ±1 " H 2 0 ove r th e entir e test .

Pag e 7 o f 2 62. 3 - Bac kPressure/Operatin g Conditions : (Continued )

Becaus e thi s devic e ma y nee dt o b e place dint o th e vehicle' s raw exhaus t system , th e instrumen t wil l needt o routinel y withstan d(withou t degradation ) th e followin g operatin g conditions : (1 ) Temperatures : -2 0 de g F t o 80 0 de g F (2 ) Vehicl e exhaus t flow rates : typicall y

zer o t o 20 0 SCFM

fo r LDvehicle s typicall y

zer o t o 100 0 SCF M

fo r H Dtruck s (3 ) Particulate s 2. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t be installe da t th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l footprin t an d(preferably ) b

e integrate dint o th e CFV . I t ma y be necessar y

t o utiliz e multipl e sensor s (ex , mas s flow meters ) inorde r t o achiev e th e desire daccuracies . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . 2. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra w analo g output s fro

m eac hflo

w mete r along wit htota l exhaus t volume . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 2. 6 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo rNe wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)

. 2. 7 - Cost : $15 k- $35 kpe r instrumen t desire d 2. 8 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o b e easil y calibrate dan

dhol dit s calibratio nfo r 3 0 days . Schedule dmaintenanc e ona monthl y basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e no soone r tha nweekly . 2. 9 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnology (C0 2 Tracer/Ba g analysis ) ona carbo nbalanc e basi s t o withi n1.0 % o f reading .

Pag e 8 o f 2 6P.4 9

2.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f the vehicl e exhaust . 2.1 1 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 H z 2.1 2 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize dt o withstan dcontinuou s operatio ni na productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

. 0 - Zer o Ai r Generato r fo r Mini-dilute r Application s

3. 1 - Descriptio n Devic e wil l produc e "zer o grade " ai r a t larg e flow rate s (5 0 SCFM) . Primar y purpos e o f th e devic e i s t o provid e emissio ntes t site s wit hclean , dr y ai r t o b e usedwit hmini-diluters . 3. 2 - Architecture : Th e devic e wil l typicall y b e locate dremotel y

fro m th e tes t site . I t shoul dhav e sufficien t pressure/flow capacit y

t o functio nfro

m thi s remot e site . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . 3. 3 - Cost : $4 0 t o $80 kpe r system desire d 3. 4 - Calibration/Maintenance : Monthly . I f regeneratio ni s required , th e system shal l be automate dt o perform thi s functio n"on-line " (i.e. , don' t hav e t o shu t dow nth e system) . Th e system shal l als o no t us e an y larg e amount s o f chemical s t o perform th e ai r cleanin g process .

Pag e 9 o f 2 6P.5 0

3. 5 - Performance : Th e syste m

wil l provid e a t leas t 5 0 cf m o f zer o grad e ai r a t 8 0 psi
. Th e ai r wil l b e fre e o f oi l droplet s and particulat e material
. Othe r specification s are :

Carbo n Monoxide : Hydrocarbons : H20 : Carbo n Dioxide : Oxygen : Oxide s o f Nitrogen : Operatin g pressure : Syste m 2 0 pp m 2 0 ppm 20,00 0 ppm 100 0 ppm 1 8 t o 21 % 5 ppm 10 0 ps i Inle t Svste m Outle t

< 0. 1 ppm <0.0 2 ppmcarbo n < 1 ppm(-10 0 deg F de wpoint ) < 5. 0 ppm 1 8 t o 21 % < 0. 1 ppm 8 0 ps i minimum@ ma xflo w No othe r contaminant s allowed . (To be unmeasurabl e b y mas s spectromete r metho d o r othe r speciatio nmethod) . 3. 6 - Power/Utilities : Power : 220/48 0 vol t 3-phase/6 0 H z 3. 7 - Inpu t Air : Pressurize d inpu t ai r wil l b e provide d 3. 8 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e mad e t o withstan d continuou s operatio n i n a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.

4. 0 - Direc t Methan e and Non-Methan e Hydrocarbo n Analyze r (NMHC )

4. 1 - Descriptio n Instrumen t wil l measur e th e vehicle s tota l methane , an d NMH C directly
. I n particula r th e instrumen t need s t o b e tune d fo r natura l ga s an d ULE V emissions
. Batc hmod e required
. 4. 2 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e tim e o f les s tha n 5 minute s required , 2 minute s desired
. Moda l analysi s wit ha 1-second respons e tim e desired
.

Pag e 1 0 o f 2 6P.5 1

4. 3 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e devic e mus t hav e a smal l siz e (approximatel y 19 " wid e x12 " hig

hx24 " dee p- desired ) an

dbe 19 " rac kmountable . Al l majo r component s mus t have eas y acces s fo r servicing . 4. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g outpu t o f chromatogram s plu s trendoutput . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnostic.dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 4. 6 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne w Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 4. 7 - Cost : $20 kt o $30 kpe r instrumen t desire d 4. 8 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o be easil y calibrate dan

dhol dit s calibratio nfo r 3 0 days . Schedule dmaintenanc e o na monthl y

basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha nweekly . 4. 9 - Accuracy : NMH C mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (FI Dminu s GC-CH 4 fo r gasolin e vehicles , an dGC fo r natura l ga s vehicles ) t o withi n2 % (a t a leve l o f 6 pp m C) . Methan e mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (GC-CH 4 ) t o withi n2 % (a t a leve l o f 6 pp m C) . Repeatabilit y

+ 1% . Mus t hav e a detectio nlimi t o f a t leas t 2 0 ppb . 4.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t b e hig hqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nb e show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 4.1 1 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 H z

Pag e 1 1 o f 2 6P.5 2

4.1 2 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e ruggedize d t o withstan d continuou s operatio n in a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.

5. 0 - Fas t Oxygenate d Hydrocarbo n Speciatio n Analyze r

5. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e measure s (speciates ) al l th e majo r oxygenate d hydrocarbo n component s a s specifie d b

yth e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA ) i n th e U.S
. Federa l register , and th e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d (CARB ) Titl e 13
. I t mus t b e designe d fo r fas t analysi s tim e and b e compatibl e wit hexistin g tes t sit e architectures
. 5. 2 - Operatio n Modes : Tw o mode s ar e envisioned
. Firs t i s batc hanalysis , whic hi s require d t o measur e th e variou s specie s durin g eac hphas e o f th e test . Secondly , moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s desire d fo r th e measuremen t o f specie s durin g vehicl e developmen t testing
. Mode l analysi s o f ke yoxygenat e specie s i s als o covere d i n th e "To p 15 " specificatio n (#7.0)
. 5. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e tim e o f les s tha n 5 minute s required
. Moda l analysi s wit h a respons e tim e o f 1 secon d desired
. 5. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d "on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site
. Th e instrumen t mus t no t b e sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio n associate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing
. I t mus t hav e a smal l footprint
. Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas yacces s fo r servicing
. Rac k mountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired
.

Pag e 1 2 o f 2 6P.5 3

5. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t b e flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel y an dqualitatively ) a variet y o f oxygenate dhydrocarbon s fro m C l throug hC7 . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o add(o r delete ) specie s a s needed . Unknow noxygenate dcompound s shal l b e identifie da s suc han dshal l be individuall y recorded . Initia l specie s ar e liste dbelow : ALDEHYD E SPECIE S 1 . FORMALDEHYD E 2 . ACETALDEHYD E 3 . ACROLEI N 4 . PROPIONALDEHYD E 5 . CROTONALDEHYD E 6 . METHACROLEI N 7 . n-BUTYRALDEHYD E 8 . BENZALDEHYD E 9 . VALERALDEHYD E 10 . TOLUALDEHYD E 11 . HEXANAL 5. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/U m KETON E SPECIE S 1 . ACETON E 2 . METHY L ETHY L KETON E

ALCOHO L SPECIE S 1 . METHANO L 2 . ETHANO L

ou e Interfacing Requirements : ETHER S 1 . MTB E 2 . ETB E 3 . TAM E

Raw analo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable) . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 5. 7 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r New Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 5. 8 - Cost : $25 k- $50 kpe r instrumen t desire d 5. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o b e automaticall y calibrate dusin g a standar do f al l oxygenate dhydrocarbons . Multipl e concentratio nlevel s ar e require dunles s linearit y

canbe shown . Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o hol dit s calibratio nfo r 2 4 hours . Schedule dmaintenanc e ona monthl y basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e no soone r tha nweekly . 5.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : Becaus e o f th e difficultie s involve dwit hproperl y collectin g oxygenate d hydrocarbon s inth e presenc e o f wate r vapor , th e instrumen t manufacture r mus t suppl y some typ e o f sampl e collectio nsystem t o addres s sampl e handlin g concerns . Inbatc hanalysi s mode , multipl e collectio nsystem s wil l be require dinorde r t o averag e th e vehicl e emissio n(an dbackgroun demission ) sample s ove r th e variou s phase s o f th e test . Pe r test , w e nee dfou r vehicl e sampl e an dfou r backgroun d

Pag e 1 3 o f 2 6P.5 4

5.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : (Continued ) collectio nsystems . Eac hsample/backgroun dcollectio nsystem mus t b e abl e t o be a synchronousl y

filled/analyzed . Fo r al l analyzers , completel y automate dsampl e handlin g i s require d(i.e. , no impingers) . Moda l analysi s (optional ) wil l b e vi a a continuou s (heated ) probe . Th e instrumen t shoul db e designe dt o operat e in eithe r a ra w

o r dilute dexhaus t mode . I nth e raw

exhaus t mod e th e manufacture r need s t o desig nfo r wate r vapo r handlin g (typica l de w poin t 120-13 0 de g F ) an d th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 5.1 1 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e wit haccepte dtechnolog y ("-HPLC an

dliqui dinjectio nGC ) oneac hpea k pe r the tabl e below . Ninety-fiv e percen t o f th e determination s o f th e two method s mus t agre e withi nth e limit s tabulate dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea k concentration s i

n/.g/gaseou s L , an

dinreactivit y

adjuste dg 0 3 / g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n5% .

Reading s (ug/gaseou s L ) Agreemen t > 0. 6 ± 5 % 0.0 4 - 0. 6 + 10 % < 0.0 4 + 25 % Minimum detectio nlimit s a t o r bette r tha n0.0 3 /zg/gaseou s L . Specification s ar e fo r dilute dexhaus t 5.1 2 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be hig hqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (o r equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dcanbe show nt o be resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 5.1 3 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g 5.1 4 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t b e "ruggedized " t o withstan dcontinuou s operatio nina productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

Pag e 1 4 o f 2 6P.5 5

6. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo n Speciatio nAnalyze r

6. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e measure s (speciates ) al l th e majo r hydrocarbo ncomponent s a s specifie db

y th e Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) inth e U.S . Federa l Register , an

dth e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar d(CARB ) Titl e 13 . I t mus t b e designe dfo r fas t analysi s time an dbe compatibl e wit hexistin g tes t sit e architectures . 6. 2 - Operatio nModes : Batc hanalysi s (wit hsampl e bags ) i s require dt o measur e th e variou s specie s fo r eac hphas e o f th e test . 6. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e time o f les s tha n5 minute s required . A furthe r goa l o f 1 minut e analysi s time i s desired . 6. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e instrumen t mus t no t b e sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio nassociate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing . I t mus t hav e a smal l footprint . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . Rac kmountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired . 6. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t b e flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel y an dqualitatively ) a variet y o f hydrocarbon s fro

m C l throug hC12 . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o add(o r delete ) specie s a s needed . Unidentifie dpeak s shal l be identifie da s such , an db e individuall y

recorded . Initia l specie s ar e liste dbelow :

Pag e 1 5 o f 2 6P.5 6



### HYDROCARBON

ANDOTHE RSPECIE S

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 29 . 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . Methan

e Ethen e Ethyn e Ethan e Propen e Propan e Propadien

e Prbpyn e 2M-Propan

e 

### LB I 2M-Propen

e 1-Buten e 1,3-Butadien

e Butan e t-2-Buten

e 2,2-DM-Propan

e 1-Butyn e c-2-Buten

e 3M-1-Buten

e 

### LB I 2M-Butan

e 2-Butyn e 1-Penten

e 2M-1-Buten

e Pentan e 2M-1,3-Butadien

e t-2-Penten

e 3,3-DM-l-Buten

e c-2-Penten

e 2M-2-Buten

e Cyclopentadien

e 2,2-DM-Butan

e Cyclopenten

e 4M-1-Penten

e 3M-1-Penten

e Cyclopentan

e 2,3-DM-Butan

e MTB E 4M-c-2-Penten

e 

### 40 .

41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 50 . 51 . 52 . 5 3 54 . 55 . 56 . 57 . 58 . 59 . 60 . 61 . 62 . 63 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 68 . 69 . 70 . 71 . 72 . 73 . 74 . 75 . 76 . 77 . 78 . 2M-Pentan

e 4M-t-2-Penten

e 3M-Pentan

e 2M-1-Penten

e 1-Hexen e Hexan e t-3-Hexen

e c-3-Hexen

e t-2-Hexen

e 3M-t-2-Penten

e 2M-2-Penten

e 3M-Cyclopenten

e c-2-Hexen

e ETB E 3M-c-2-Penten

e 2,2-DM-Pentan

e M-Cyclopentane 2,4-DM-Pentan

e 2,2,3-TM-Butan

e 3,4-DM-l-Penten

e lM-Cyclopenten

e Benzen e 3M-1-Hexen

e 3,3-DM-Pentan

e Cyclohexan

e 2M-Hexan

e 2,3-DM-Pentan

e Cyclohexen

e 3M-Hexan

e c-l,3-DM-CycPentan

e 3E-Pentan

e t-l,2-DM-CycPentan

e 1-Hepten

e 2,2,4-TM-Pentan

e t-3-Hepten

e Heptan e 2M-2-Hexen

e 3M-t-3-Hexen

e t-2-Hepten

e 

### 79 .

80 . 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 85 . 86 . 87 . 88 . 89 . 90 . 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 . 97 . 98 . 99 . 100 . 101 . 102 . 103 . 104 . 105 . 106 . 107 . 108 . 109 . 110 . 111 . 112 . 113 . 114 . 115 . 116 . 117 . 3E-c-2-Pentene 2,4,4-TM-l-Penten

e 2,3-DM-2-Penten

e c-2-Hepten

e M-Cyclohexane 2,2-DM-Hexane 2,4,4-TM-2-Penten

e 2,5-DM-Hexan

e 2,4-DM-Hexan

e 3,3-DM-Hexan

e 2,3,4-TM-Pentan

e 2,3,3-TM-Pentan

e Toluene 2,3-DM-Hexan

e 2M-Heptan

e 4M-Heptane 3M-Heptane lc,2t,3-TM-CPentan

e c-l,3-DM-CycHexan

e t-l,4-DM-CycHexan

e 2,2,5-TM-Hexan

e l-Octen e t-4-0cten

e Octane t-2-0cten

e t-l,3-DM-CycHexan

e c-2-0cten

e 2,3,5-TM-Hexan

e 2,4-DM-Heptan

e c-l,2-DM-CycHexan

e E-Cyclohexan

e 3,5-DM-Heptan

e E-Benzen

e 2,3-DM-Heptan

e m&p-Xylene 2M-0ctan

e 3M-0ctane Styrene o-Xylen e



### Pag e 1 6 o f 2 6P.5 7

2. 0 - Fas t Hydrocarbo n Speciatio n Analyze r HYDROCARBON

AN DOTHE RSPECIE S (Continued )

118
. 119
. 120
. 121
. 122
. 123
. 124
. 125
. 126
. 127
. 128
. 129
. 130
. 131
. 6. 6 - 1-Nonen e Nonan e i-Propy l benzen e 2,2-DM-0ctan e 

### LB I 2,4-DM-Octan e n-Propylbenzen e 1M-3E-Benzen e 1M-4E-Benzen e 1,3,5-TM-Benzen e 1E-2M-Benzen e 1,2,4-TM-Benzen e Decan e i-Buty l Benzen e 132
. 133
. 134
. 135
. 136
. 137
. 138
. 139
. 140
. 141
. 142
. 143
. 144
. 145
. Additiona l Measurements : s-ButylBenzen e lM-3-i-PropBenzen e 1,2,3-TM-Benzen e lM-4-i-PropBenzen e 

### Inda n lM-2-i-PropBenzen e 1,3-DE-Benzen e 1,4-DE-Benzen e lM-3-n-PropBenzen e lM-4-n-PropBenzen e 1,2-DE-Benzen e lM-2-n-PropBenzen e l,4-DM-2-E-Benzen e l,3-DM-4-E-Benzen e 146
. 147
. 148
. 149
. 150
. 151
. 152
. 153
. 154
. 155
. 156
. 157
. 158
. l,2-DM-4-E-Benzen e l,3-DM-2-E-Benzen e Undecan e l,2-DM-3-E-Benzen e 1,2,4,5-TetMBenzen e 2M-ButylBenzen e 1,2,3,5-TetMBenzen e tert-lB-2M-Benzen e 1,2,3,4-TetMBenzen e n-PentBenzen e tert-lB-3,5-DM-Ben z Napthalen e Dodecan e

Diese l exhaus t specie s (>C12 ) ar e no t addresse d i n th e abov e list
. Thes e (a s ye t unidentified ) compound s ma yb e adde d i n th e future
. I f th e highmolecula r weigh t diese l exhaus t specie s ar e included , the n th e entir e sampl e handlin g systemmus t b e temperatur e controlle d t o 375° F (190°C ) ±10°F
. 6. 7 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra wanalo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable)
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l an d diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 6. 8 - Contro l an

d Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
. 6. 9 - Cost : $40 k - 100 k pe r instrumen t desire d 6.1 0 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o b e automaticall ycalibrate d usin g a NIS T traceabl e ga s mixtur e o f approximatel y2 5 hydrocarbons
. Referenc e time s fo r al l component s wil l b e linearl yadjuste d t o th e time s acquire d durin g thi s 2 5 componen t injection
. Quantificatio n wil l b e base d o n propane . On e concentratio n leve l require d unles s linearit ycanno t b e achieved
. Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o hol d it s calibratio n fo r 2 4 hours
. Schedule d maintenanc e o n a monthl ybasis
. Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha n weekly
.

Pag e 1 7 o f 2 6P.5 8

6.1 1 - Sampl e Collection : Batc hcollectio nrequire dwit hmultipl e ba g capabilit y (supplie db

y th e vehicl e manufacturer) . Initiall y envisio na

neigh t ba g devic e wit hfou r sampl e andfou r backgroun dbags . Eac hsample/backgroun dba g mus t b e abl e t o b e asynchronousl y filled/analyzed . A

completel y

automate dsampl e handlin g system wil l b e required . 6.1 2 - Accuracy : Th e propose dmetho dmus t agre e wit hth e curren t accepte dtechnolog y t o withi nth e limit s liste dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea kconcentration s inpp m C , an din reactivit y

adjuste dg 0 3 / g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n5% .

Reading s inpp

m C Agreemen t > 5 5 % 1. 0 - 5. 0 10 % < 1. 0 25 % Detectio nlimi t a t o r bette r tha n2 0 ppbC . Specification s ar e fo r dilute d exhaust . 6.1 3 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t b e highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M

A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe shownt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 6.1 4 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g 6.1 5 - Durability : Th e instrumen t mus t be "ruggedized " t o withstan dcontinuou s operatio nina productio ntestin g (plant ) environment . I t shoul dno t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio no r electrica l noise .

Pag e 1 8 o f 2 6P.5 9

7. 0 - Rea l Tim e "To p 15 " Speciatio n Analyze r

7. 1 - Description : Areal-tim e "to p 15 " analyze r woul d measur e selecte d individua l chemica l specie s foun d i n vehicl e exhaust
. Th e desire d dat a acquisitio n rat e i s 0.5-1 0 Hz , fo r th e 1 5 compounds
. Thi s devic e wil l no t b e use d fo r regulator ycomplianc e measurements , bu t instea d fo r researc hand developmen t testing
. Th e "to p 15 " compound s hav e bee n selecte d base d o n thei r reactivit yan d abundanc e i n aut o emissions
. Thei r measuremen t woul d allo wth e use r t o determin e th e tota l ozon e formin g potentia l o f vehicl e exhaus t wit ha reasonabl e degre e o f certainty
. 7. 2 - Operatio n Modes : Moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s require d fo r th e measuremen t o f specie s durin g vehicl e testing
. 7. 3 - Performanc e (figur e o f merit) : Th e minimu mquantifiabl e amoun t fo r individua l hydrocarbon s shoul d b e abou t 2 0 par t pe r billio n o r 0.0 3 /zg/gaseou s L i n th e exhaus t sample
. Accurac y requirement s ar e addresse d below
. Th e minimumanalysi s cycl e tim e fo r th e analysi s o f 1 5 compound s i s 2 seconds , wit hshorte r cycl e time s desirable
. Th e instrumen t and dat a syste m mus t b e capabl e o f collectin g an d handlin g dat a file s o f seve n hour s tim e duration , whic hcoul d requir e file s o f mor e tha n 1,000,00 0 dat a points
. Instrumen t calibratio n shoul d b e automate d and shoul d b e require d n o mor e tha n onc e ever y2 4 hours
. Schedule d maintenanc e shoul d requir e n o mor e tha n 4 hour s pe r mont hand preventativ e maintenanc e n o mor e tha n 2 hour s pe r week
. 7. 4 - Architecture : Th e instrumen t mus t b e abl e t o operat e i n rea l worl d (hostile ) environments
. Temperatur e range s o f 5 0 - 9 5 deg F mus t b e accommodate d b yth e syste mhardware , includin g th e dat a system , unles s th e dat a syste mca n b e operate d fro ma remot e location
. Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas yacces s fo r servicing
. Rac k mountin g (19" ) wit hslide s i s desired
. 7. 5 - Instrumen t Operation/Uniqu e Interfacin g Requirements : Ra wanalo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable)
. Th e syste mmus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit ycontro l and diagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity
. 7. 6 - Contro l and Interfacing : Se e Specificatio n 9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentation)
.

Pag e 1 9 o f 2 6P.6 0

7. 7 - Measurement s Required : Mus t be flexibl e enoug ht o speciat e (quantitativel y an dqualitatively ) any selecte d1 5 compound s o f hydrocarbon s from C l throughC12 , an doxygenate d hydrocarbon s fro

m C l throug hC7 . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o chang e th e "to p15 " lis t programmaticall y wit hminima l downtime . Mus t hav e th e abilit y t o ad do r delet e specie s fro

m th e maste r lis t a s needed . Th e maste r specie s lis t from whic hth e to p1 5 wil l b e selected , i s show nbelow :

THI S LIS T O F COMPOUND S I S CONSIDERE DPROPRIETAR Y INFORMATION . I T CA

N B E SUPPLIE DUNDE RCONFIDENTIA L TERMS .

Th e abov e listing'relate s t o Californi a Phas e I I fuel . However , fo r natura l gas , methano l andethano l fuel s th e followin g compound s woul dals o be present . CN G

• Propan e Methano l Blend s

• Methano l

• 1M-4E-Benzen e Ethano l Blend s Ethano l Methano l 1M-4E-Benzen e 1E-2M-Benzen e Acetaldehyd e Th e primar y

targete dcompound s ar e th e aromatic s (especiall y benzene , toluene , an dxylenes) , olefin s (especiall y ethene) , an

dformaldehyde . Whil e specifi c isome r dat a i s highl y desirable , quantitatio ndat a fo r compound s tha t ar e isobari c ma y

b e acceptable . Fo r instance , distinguishin g betwee nth e C 9 alky l aromatic s ma y

no t be possible .

Pag e 2 0 o f 2 6P.6 1

7. 8 - Sampl e Handling : Th e instrumen t mus t eithe r b e capabl e o f direc t samplin g o f dilut e exhaus t o r o f acceptin g a sampl e o f raw exhaus t fro

m a heate dsampl e probe . Raw exhaus t wil l have a de w

poin t o f 120-130°F , s o interna l sampl e line s mus t b e heate dt o preven t condensation , o r th e sampl e dilute dwit hpur e dr y gase s ina

ninterna l ga s samplin g manifold . 7. 9 - Accuracy : Mus t agre e t o accepte dtechnolog y (Auto/Oil-HPLC , liqui dinjectio nGC , an d gaseou s injectio nGC ) oneac hpea kpe r th e tabl e below . Ninety-fiv e percen t o f the determination s o f th e tw o method s mus t agree withi nth e limit s tabulate dbelow . Composit e o f al l pea kconcentration s inpp m C , an di n reactivit y

adjuste dg 0 3 / g NMOG , mus t agre e t o withi n10% . Reading s (pp

m C ) Agreemen t > 1. 0 ±5 % 0.0 6 - 1. 0 ± 10 % < 0.0 6 ± 25 % Minimu m detectio nlimi t - 2 0 ppb C 7.1 0 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r AST M A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin g shal l b e cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o hav e th e highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s ma y as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nb e show nt o b e resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 7.1 1 - Cost : $25K-50 Kpe r instrumen t desired .

8. 0 - Fas t Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s Hydrocarbo n(NMOG ) Reactivit y Analyze r

8. 1 - Description : Thi s devic e wil l measur e th e tota l reactivit y (ozon e formin g potential ) o f a vehicl e emission s sample . T o facilitat e analysis , th e instrumen t ma y brea k these "total " number s dow nint o logica l sub-group s suc ha s CAR B reactivit y categorie s (lik e 0-1 , 1- 2 a s define dinth e CAR B Titl e 1 3 document ; Carte r MI R factors) , o r b

y hydrocarbo ncategor y (e.g. , olefins , alcohols , aromatics , etc.) . I t mus t be designe dfo r fas t analysi s time an dbe compatibl e wit h existin g tes t sit e architectures .

Pag e 2 1 o f 2 6P.6 2

8. 1 - Description : (Continued )
I t i s desirabl e t o have th e instrumen t simultaneousl y measur e th e NMOG concentration . However , i t i s recognize dtha t thi s ma y no t b e possibl e ina singl e instrument . 8. 2 - Operatio nModes : 

### Two mode s ar e envisioned . Firs t i s batc hanalysis , whic hi s require dt o measur e th e variou s reactivitie s durin g eachphas e o f th e test . Secondl y moda l (rea l time ) analysi s i s desire dfo r th e measuremen t o f reactivitie s durin g developmen t testing . 8. 3 - Respons e Time : Batc hanalysi s cycl e time o f les s tha n5 minute s required , 2 minute s desired . Moda l analysi s (optional ) cycl e time o f 1 second . 8. 4 - Architecture : Th e devic e mus t b e installe d"on-line" , insid e th e dynamomete r tes t site . Th e instrumen t mus t no t be sensitiv e t o th e norma l mechanica l vibratio nassociate d wit hchassi s dynamomete r testing . I t mus t hav e a smal l footprint . Al l majo r component s mus t hav e eas y acces s fo r servicing . Rac kmountin g (19" ) wit h slide s i s desired . 8. 5 - Measurement s Required : Mus t b e flexibl e enoug ht o measur e th e tota l NMOGreactivity . Th e type s o f hydrocarbon s presen t ar e liste dunde r AIGE Rspecification s #5. 0 an d#6.0 . 8. 6 - Instrumen t Operation/Unigu e Interfacin g Requirements : Raw analo g outpu t o f chromatogram s (i f applicable) . Th e system mus t als o provid e th e appropriat e amoun t o f qualit y contro l an

ddiagnosti c dat a (pe r test ) t o insur e dat a integrity . 8. 7 - Contro l an

dInterfacing : Se e Specificatio n9. 0 (Interfacin g Requirement s fo r Ne w Vehicl e Emissio nTes t Instrumentation) . 8. 8 - Cost : $40 K- $100 Kpe r instrumen t desire d 8. 9 - Calibration/Maintenance : Th e instrumen t mus t be automaticall y calibrate dusing a (t o b e determined ) mixtur e o f oxygenated , an dnon-oxygenate dhydrocarbons . Th e instrumen t mus t be abl e t o hol dit s calibratio nfo r 2 4 hours . Schedule dmaintenanc e ona monthl y basis . Preventativ e maintenanc e n o soone r tha nweekly .

Pag e 2 2 o f 2 6P.6 3



### 8.1 0 - Sampl e Collection : Becaus e o f th e difficultie s involve dwit hproperl y collectin goxygenate d hydrocarbon s inth e presenc e o f wate r vapor , th e instrumen t manufacture r mus t suppl y some typ e o f sampl e collectio nsystem t o addres s sampl e handlin g concerns . I

nbatc hanalysi s mode , multipl e collectio nsystem s ar e require din orde r t o averag e th e vehicl e emissio n(an dbackgroun demission ) sample s ove r th e variou s phase s o f the test . Fou r vehicl e samples , an dfou r backgroun d collectio nsystem s ar e required . Eac hsample/backgroun dcollectio nsystem mus t be asynchronousl y

filled/analyzed . Moda l analysi s (optional ) wil l be vi a a continuou s (heated ) probe . Prefe r th e instrumen t t o operat e ineithe r a raw o r dilute dexhaus t mode . Inth e ra w exhaus t mod e th e manufacture r need s t o desig nfo r wate r vapo r handlin g(typica l de w poin t 120-13 0 de gF ) an dth e corrosiv e natur e o f the vehicl e exhaus t sampling . Fo r diese l exhaust , raw o r dilute , th e entir e samplingsystem mus t be heate dt o 375° F (190°C ) ±10°F . 8.1 1 - Accuracy : Must agre e t o accepte dtechnology a s follows : (1 ) 5 % agreemen t whe ncompare dt o th e tota l reactivit y a s calculate db

y th e CAR B "ozone/gram " equation , usingfull y speciate dhydrocarbo ndat a (b y J GC analysis-suc ha s tha t usedinth e Auto/Oi l Program ) an doxygenate d hydrocarbo ndat a (b

y HPLC/Liqui dInjectio nGC analysi s suc ha s tha t use d inthe Auto/Oi l program. ) (2 ) (OPTIONAL Concentratio nMeasurement ) 5 % agreemen t whe ncompare dt o th e Non-Methan e Organi c Ga s (NMOG ) concentratio na s calculate dwit hth e CAR B Titl e 1 3 NMOGequatio na s show nbelow : NMOG= Tota l HC s - CH 4 

### + Oxygenate dHydrocarbon s Notes : Tota l HC s a s measuredb y th e tes t sit e Flame Ionizatio n Detecto r (FID ) CH 4 

### a s measure db

y th e tes t sit e G C methan e analyze r Oxygenate dhydrocarbon s a s measure db y "...a s use dinth e Auto/Oi l program. " HPLC/Liqui dInjectio nGC technique s 8.1 2 - Constructio nmaterials : Al l wette dpart s expose dt o exhaus t ga s mus t be highqualit y typ e 31 6 stainles s stee l pe r ASTM A-26 9 (or equivalent) , glass , Vito no r Teflon . Tubin gshal l be cleane dt o "thermocouple " grade , pe r AST M A-632 . Al l othe r wette dpart s ar e t o have the highes t cleanlines s possibl e (prefe r "oxygen " service) . Manufacturer s may as kfo r a deviatio ni f th e material s use dca nbe show nt o be resistan t t o th e corrosiv e natur e o f th e vehicl e exhaust . 8.1 3 - Power/Utilities : Power : 12 0 volt/6 0 h z Ca nprovid e liqui dN 2 

### bu t prefe r electroni c coolin g
Pag e 2 3 o f 2 6P.6 4

8.1 5 - Durability : Th e instrument mus t b e ruggedize d t o withstan d continuou s operatio n i n a productio n testin g (plant ) environment
. I t shoul d no t b e sensitiv e t o typica l chassi s dynamomete r vibratio n o r electrica l noise
.
9. 0 - Interfacin g Guideline s fo r Ne wVehicl e Emissio n Tes t Instrumentatio n

Th e followin g guideline s describe genera l requirement s fo r interfacin g ne w instrumentatio n t o a sit e computer , and , possibly , t o othe r device s on a chassis-dynamomete r emissio n tes t site
. Th e followin g aspect s o f ne winstrumentatio n shoul d b e reviewe d wit hth e AIGE R Syste mIntegratio n Subcommitte e prio r t o implementation :

Compute r and interfacin g hardware Interfacin g technologie s and protocol s Instrumen t comman d set s Dat a samplin g requirement s (e.g
. sampl e rate ) Dat a storag e and transmissio n formattin g Anyinterna l algorithm s tha t manipulat e dat a (e.g
. linearization )

Th e instrument interfac e mus t adher e t o on e o f th e tw o approache s describe d below
. Approac h# 1 represent s th e preferre d approac hfo r th e shor t term . Thi s approac hprovide s fo r th e integratio n o f ne winstrumentatio n int o present-da ytes t sites
. A n instrumen t implemente d accordin g t o Approac h# 1 mus t allo wfo r futur e conversio n t o Approac h#2
. Approac h# 2 represent s th e long-ter mvisio n fo r integratio n o f instrumentatio n int o th e tes t cel l o f th e future
. Approac h#1 : I f possible , a ne winstrumen t shoul d incorporat e interface s

tha t ar e compatibl e wit hinterfacin g technologie s already implemente d i n typica l U. S emissio n tes t systems . Approac h#2 : I f curren t emissio n interface s fai l t o mee t th e requirement s

o f a ne winstrument , the n an alternativ e interface , subjec t t o guideline s outline d below , shoul d b e implemented
.
Note : Th e interface s describe d belo war e describe d wit hrespec t t o th e instrumen t itself
. Fo r example , "Analo g Output " refer s t o an analo g outpu t originatin g a t th e instrument , generatin g a signa l tha t wil l b e receive d b

yth e sit e compute r o r othe r device
.

Pag e 2 4 o f 2 6P.6 5

Approac h# 1
Ne w vehicl e emissio ninstrumentatio nshoul dutiliz e a combinatio no f th e followin g interfaces : 1 . Analo g outpu t channel s • Voltag e rang e 0- 5 VDC . • Analo g outpu t i s appropriat e onl y whe nrequire dsampl e rate s ar e no greate r tha n2 0 Hz . • I f th e require dtota l numbe r o f paralle l analo g outpu t channel s i s excessiv e (e.g . greate r tha n10) , the na nalternativ e interfac e shoul db e considered . 2 . Discret e digita l outpu t channel s

. Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . • True-hig hlogic . • Logi c shoul db e level-dependent , no t edge-triggered . • OF F conditio n< 5 V . • O N conditio n> 1 2 V . • ON curren t a t leas t 25 0 mA . 3 . Pulse-trai noutpu t channel s

. Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . • OF F conditio n< 5 V . • ON conditio n> 1 2 V . 4 . Analo g inpu t channel s • Voltag e rang e 0- 5 VDC . • Inpu t impedanc e a t leas t 1 Mfi . • I f th e require dtota l numbe r o f paralle l analo g inpu t channel s i s excessiv e (e.g . greate r tha n10) , the na nalternativ e interfac e shoul db e considered . 5 . Discret e digita l input s

Voltag e leve l 0-2 4 VDC . True-hig hlogic . Logi c shoul dbe level-dependent , no t edge-triggered . Lo w leve l threshol dvoltag e 5 V . Hig hleve l threshol dvoltag e 1 2 V . Hig hleve l inpu t curren t 5 m A ma xa t 2 4 V . Approac h# 2 Approac h#2 , a s outline dbelow , wil l b e take ni f Approac h# 1 i s inadequat e fo r any o f th e followin g reasons :

• Th e instrumen t interfacin g canno t be implemente dusin g onl y a combinatio no f th e abov e technologies .

• Dat a samplin g a t a rat e highe r tha n2 0 H z i s required .

• A nexcessiv e numbe r o f analo g outpu t o r inpu t channel s i s required .

• Excessiv e complexit y i s require dt o implemen t Approac h#1 .
Pag e 2 5 o f 2 6P.6 6

Approac h# 2 (Continued ) Th e instrumen t wil l utiliz e th e followin g interfacin g technologies :

• I f th e instrumen t utilize s an embedde d computer , th e compute r shoul d b e programmabl e logi c controller , DO S PC , o r UNI X compatible
. Compute r platfor mindependenc e shoul d b e maintaine d whereve r possible
.

• Ethernet , TCP/I P interface
. Off-the-shel f communicatio n softwar e shoul d b e used , whereve r possible
.

• Th e instrumen t interfac e comman d se t wil l b e develope d i n cooperatio n wit hth e AIGE R Syste m Integratio n Subcommittee
.

• Th e instrumen t interfac e comman d se t wil l confor mt o th e standar d SCP I comman d se t (Standar d Command s fo r Programmabl e Instruments)
.

• Embedde d instrumen t compute r softwar e shoul d b e writte n i n ANS I C fo r portabilit yt o futur e compute r platforms
.
Refe r t o th e attache d documents : Tes t Sit e Communicatio n Mode l Partitione d Approac ht o Suppor t Futur e Alternativ e Hardwar e Interface s

Pag e 2 6 o f 2 6

## AIGE R sit e communicatio n preliminar yproposa l

Facilit yhos t compute r Dat a storag e an d analysi s Facilit yHos t Applicatio n softwar e 

# i s SCPI Comman d Interfac e ___. Baromete r

Facilit yLa n

sit e 1 Etherne t TCP/I P

sit e compute r control s test sit

e an d collects dat a

Instrumen t comman d Tes t Sit e Applicatio n Softwar e

SCP I packe t

* SCP I comman d Interfac e
Instrumentatio n applicatio n

•of t war e *
Instrumen t SCP I Comman d Interfac e i
TCP/I P pack* ! <

L ' SCP I

comman d TCP/I P

packe t sit e la n Etherne t TCP/I P

Instrumen t computer :

«—DO S P C compatibl e — *
o rUNIXvariolatio n * SCP I comman d Interfac e Instrumentatio n applicatio n

softwar e

OOOOO O 

# •

Instrumen t o o sit e compute r control s tes t sit e
a n d collect s dat a

Instrumen t oomman d Tes t Sit e Applicatio n Softwar e

SCP I packe t 

# t

SCP I comman d Interfac e SCPI Comman d Interfac e
n TCP/I P packet

Instrumentatio n applicatio n

softwar e 

# •

Instrumen t < ' SCP I

comman d S It e n

TCP/I P packe t sit e la n Etherne t TCP/I P

Instrumen t oomputer :

• " DO S P C compatibl e ~ *
o rUNI Xworkstatio n * SCP I oomman d Interfac e Instrumentatio n applicatio n

softwar e

OOOOO O 

# •

Instrumen tP.6 8

AIGE R Syste m Integratio n Subcommitte e Partitione d Approac h t o Support Future Alternative Hardware Interface s Apartitione d approach , a s show n i n th e diagra m below , i s envisione d fo rinterfacin g emission s instrumentatio n t o th e tes t sit e o fth e future

. Th e architectur e provide s fo ra "SCP I (Standar d Command s fo rProgrammabl e Instruments ) Comman d Layer " t o isolat e th e hardwar e interfac e fro m th e instrumen t applicatio n software

. Communicatio n i s achieve d b ySCP I command s passe d betwee n th e applicatio n softwar e layer s o fth e compute ran d instrumen t vi a th e hardwar e interface

. Aresul t o fthi s partitione d approac h i s tha t th e instrumen t functionalit yi s tightl ycouple d t o th e SCP I commands , bu t independen t o fth e hardwar e interface

. Whil e th e interfac e o fchoic e a t thi s tim e i s Ethernet/IEE E 802. 3 TCP/IP , th e instrumen t architectur e shoul d b e structure d t o facilitat e futur e migratio n t o alternativ e hardwar e interfaces , suc h as IEEE-48 8 (GPIB) , VXI-Bus , etc

. Th e SCP I comman d laye rshoul d b e implemente d suc h tha t a n alternativ e hardwar e interfac e wil l no t requir e an y chang e t o SCP I command s o rapplicatio n software

.

TESTSIT E CDMPUTE R TESTSIT E INSTRUMENTATIO N

SIT E CWPUTE R

APPLICATIO N SOFTWAR E LATE R SCP I

CfflOU K LATE R (INDEPENDEN T D C THARSVAR E

INTERFACE ) OPERATIN G SYSTE M LAYE R

- DEVIC E DRIVE R (DEPENDEN T D N HARDWAR E MTERTAC D •T O ODE R INSTRUMENTATIO N

HARDWAR E INTERFAC E (INTERFAC E CARDS ,

- ETHERNET/IEE E 8__ 3 CABLES
. ETC J

- VNE/VX J BU

S

- RS-232/422/48 3

- GPI B BU

S • • INSTRUCN TCONTROLLE R - UNI XWORKSTATIO N

- P C

- PL C EMBEDDE D INSTRUMEN T- POSI X APPLICATIO N SOFTWAR E COMPLIAN T LAYE R - ANS I C SCP I CINIEPENDEN T COWAN D D F HARDWAR E LAYE R INTERFACE ) OPERATIN G SYSTE M LAYE R

- DEVIC E DRIVE R (DEPENDEN T O N HARDWAR E INTERFACE )