# Patent

## Title
Method for carrying out a shift during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle

## Abstract

A method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle having an automated transmission. The method comprises the steps of maintaining the coupling between the internal combustion engine (1) and the electric machine (2), eliminating the load before disengaging the old gear, and synchronizing to the new gear by the operation of the electric machine (2).

## Background
This application is a National Stage completion of PCT/EP2008/060441 filed Aug. 8, 2008, which claims priority from German patent application no. 10 2007 038 772.7 filed Aug. 16, 2007.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle comprising an automated transmission.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
From the prior art, hybrid vehicles comprising a hybrid drive are known. Besides the internal combustion engine they comprise at least one electric motor or electric machine. In serial hybrid vehicles a generator supplies electrical energy to the electric motor that drives the wheels. In addition parallel hybrid vehicles are known, in which the torques of the internal combustion engine and of at least one electric machine that can be connected to the internal combustion engine are added. In this case the electric machines can be connected to the belt drive or to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The torques produced by the internal combustion engine and/or the at least one electric machine are transmitted to the driven axle by a downstream transmission.
For example, from DE 102006019679 A1 a drivetrain with an electrically controllable hybrid drive and an electro-hydraulic control system, a number of electric power units and a number of torque transmission mechanisms is known. In this case the torque transmission mechanisms can be selectively engaged by the electro-hydraulic control system to produce four forward gears, a neutral condition, an electric operating mode with low and high rotation speeds, an electrically adjustable operating mode with low and high rotation speeds, and an uphill operating mode.
From DE 102005057607 B3 a hybrid drive for vehicles is known, which comprises at least a main motor, in particular an internal combustion engine, a generator, an electric motor and a planetary transmission comprising a sun gear, a ring gear, a planetary gear carrier and planetary gearwheels, which has at least one drive output shaft. In this case it is provided that for a first driving range of the vehicle, in order to add the torques, the driveshafts of the main motor and of the electric motor are coupled to the sun gear of the planetary transmission, and for a further driving range one of the two motors can be coupled by frictional means to the ring gear of the planetary transmission for the mechanical addition of the rotation speeds in accordance with the superimposition principle.
In vehicles comprising an automated transmission, the transmission input must be free from load before a gear can be disengaged; furthermore, before the new gear can be engaged the transmission input must be synchronized.
According to the prior art a shift with traction force interruption is carried out in hybrid vehicles with an automated transmission during hybrid operation by eliminating the load at the internal combustion engine and the electric machine in a first step, and then decoupling the internal combustion engine from the drivetrain by disengaging a clutch. When the internal combustion engine has been decoupled the old gear is disengaged and the speed of the electric machine is adjusted to the synchronous speed, the new gear is then engaged, the internal combustion engine is re-coupled, and finally the load at the internal combustion engine and the electric machine is built up again.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the present invention is to indicate a method for carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle comprising an automated transmission, by the application of which a more rapid shift sequence is achieved compared with the prior art. In addition the application of the method should reduce exhaust gas emissions, fuel consumption and the generation of noise.
According to the claims, a method is proposed for carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in parallel hybrid vehicles comprising an automated transmission, in which the internal combustion engine and the electric machine remain coupled to one another and the load elimination before disengaging the old gear and synchronizing to the new gear are effected by operating the electric machine.
According to the invention, the load elimination takes place by virtue of a load compensation with the help of the electric machine in such manner that the electric machine compensates for the torque of the internal combustion engine, whereby the transmission input shaft is rendered free from load. During this load compensation the internal combustion engine is operated with constant torque. But if the torque of the internal combustion engine exceeds a threshold value (such that beyond the threshold value the electric machine would be overloaded) or if the energy accumulator of the vehicle would be overcharged due to the load compensation by the electric machine, the torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced.
Once load elimination has taken place, the old gear is disengaged and synchronization is then carried out by adjusting the speed of the electric machine to the connection or synchronization speed of the new gear. According to an advantageous further development of the invention this speed adaptation takes place in a speed regulation mode of the electric machine in which the torque of the internal combustion engine serves as a pilot torque for the speed regulator of the electric machine.
Once synchronization has taken place the new gear is engaged and then, in the case when speed adaptation was carried out in the speed regulation mode, the electric machine is changed back to a torque-controlled mode and the load is built up in accordance with the torque desired by the driver. During this, the electric machine and the internal combustion engine are adjusted to torques preferably determined by a separate torque distribution strategy for the electric machine and the internal combustion engine.
During a shift it is advantageous for operation of the electric machine as a generator to be possible to ensure that ancillary electric consumers continue to be supplied; in addition the vehicle's energy accumulator can be charged without interruption and therefore more rapidly.
In that the internal combustion engine is predominantly operated at constant torque or with only slow torque variation (if necessary), an advantage obtained is that exhaust emissions decrease and at the same time both fuel consumption and the generation of noise are reduced. A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that a rapid shift sequence can be achieved since the clutch connecting the internal combustion engine releasably to the electric machine need not be actuated.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Below, an example of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached FIGURE, which shows as an example a diagrammatic and simplified representation of the drivetrain of a parallel hybrid vehicle comprising an automated transmission.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in FIG. 1, the drivetrain of a parallel hybrid vehicle with an automated transmission comprises an internal combustion engine 1 and at least one electric machine 2, arranged in that order one after the other, such that the internal combustion engine 1 can be decoupled from the electric machine 2 and thus from the drivetrain by opening a clutch K1.
After the electric machine 2 in the force flow direction is arranged an automated transmission, which in the example representation is shown to illustrate the method according to the invention, comprises a claw clutch K_neu to be engaged for the new gear to be engaged and a claw clutch K_alt to be disengaged in order to disengage the old gear, such that each clutch K_neu and K_alt or each gear is associated with a transmission ratio step having respective transmission ratios i_neu and i_alt. In the FIGURE the drive output of the automated transmission is indexed 4.
According to the invention, a method for carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle with an automated transmission is proposed, in which, in contrast to the methods known from the prior art, the internal combustion engine 1 and the electric machine 2 remain coupled to one another by the engaged clutch K1 so that the load elimination before the old gear can be disengaged and the synchronization are effected by operating the electric machine 2.
In this case the necessary load elimination takes place by virtue of a load compensation with the help of the electric machine 2 in which the electric machine 2 compensates for the torque of the internal combustion engine 1, whereby the transmission input shaft is rendered free from torque. During the load compensation the internal combustion engine 1 is preferably operated at constant torque; according to the invention, action upon the torque takes place only if the torque exceeds a threshold value or when the vehicle's energy accumulator would become overcharged due to the load compensation by the electric machine 2.
When the load has been removed the old gear is disengaged by disengaging the claw clutch K_alt and synchronization to the new gear is carried out by adjusting the speed of the electric machine 2 to the connection or synchronous speed of the new gear. This speed adaptation preferably takes place when the electric machine 2 has been changed from the torque-controlled mode to a speed regulation mode, with the torque of the internal combustion engine serving as the pilot torque for the speed regulator of the electric machine.
After synchronization, the new gear is engaged by engaging the claw clutch K_neu, the electric machine is then changed back to the torque-controlled mode and the load is built up in accordance with the torque desired by the driver.
INDEXES


    1 Internal combustion engine
    2 Electric machine
    3 Automated manual-speed transmission
    4 Drive output
    K1 Clutch
    K_neu Claw clutch
    K_alt Claw clutch
    i_neu Transmission ratio
    i_alt Transmission ratio

## Claims

1. A method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption during hybrid operation in a parallel hybrid vehicle having an automated transmission and a single electric machine connected between an internal combustion engine and an input shaft of the automated transmission, the method comprising the steps of:
maintaining a coupling between the internal combustion engine (1) and the electric machine (2);
one of (a) operating the internal combustion engine at a constant torque and (b) adjusting a torque from the internal combustion engine when the torque from the internal combustion engine exceeds a threshold value, and
operating the electric machine to compensate for torque from the internal combustion engine to eliminate a load on the input shaft of the automated transmission; and
disengaging an old transmission gear and synchronizing to a new transmission gear.

2. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
adjusting the torque from the internal combustion engine (1), or when an energy accumulator of the vehicle would become overcharged due to the torque compensation by the electric machine (2).

3. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption, according to claim 1, further comprising the step of disengaging the old transmission gear, after the load on the input shaft of the automated transmission is eliminated, and then synchronizing the new transmission gear by adjusting a speed of the electric machine (2) to a synchronous speed of the new transmission gear.

4. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption, according to claim 3, further comprising the step of adjusting the speed of the electric machine (2) by switching the electric machine (2) from a torque-controlled mode to a speed regulation mode in which the speed of the electric machine (2) is adjusted, with the torque from the internal combustion engine being a pilot torque for a speed regulator of the electric machine (2).

5. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption, according to claim 4, further comprising the step of engaging the new transmission gear after the synchronization to the new transmission gear; and
increasing the load on the input shaft of the automated transmission, according to a torque which is desired by the driver, and returning the electric machine to the torque-controlled mode for increasing the load build-up on the input shaft of the automated transmission, when the speed of the electric motor was adjusted to the synchronous speed of the new transmission gear in the speed regulation mode.

6. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption, according to claim 5, comprising the step of adjusting the electric machine (2) and the internal combustion engine (1) to torques determined by a separate torque distribution strategy for the load build-up on the input shaft of the automated transmission.

7. The method of carrying out a shift with traction force interruption, according to claim 1, further comprising the step of operating the electric machine as a generator during a shift.