#### Lizzie Croak v. High Court of the Independent Order of Foresters.

1. Beneficiary *Associations—Members Bound by the*Rules.—Persons who become members of beneficiary associations, are, as to their rights therein, bound by the rules and regulations of the association.

2. *Same—Remedies of the*Members.—Members of such associations must appeal to the tribunals provided by the order for the redress of their grievances, before they can resort to the courts of the land.

3. *Same—Judgments of Their Tribunals Not to be Inquired into Col*laterally.—When the tribunal of such an association proceeds in accordance with its own rules, they being not contrary to public policy or the law of the State, and the procedure not repugnant to natural justice, the merits of its judgment will not be inquired into collaterally.

Assumpsit, on a beneficiary certificate.—Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County; the Hon. Richard W. Clifford, Judge, presiding. Heard in this court at the October term, 1895.

Affirmed.

Opinion filed January 22, 1896.

Statement of the Case.

This was an action brought by Mrs. Lizzie Croak against the High Court of the Independent Order of Foresters of Illinois to recover §1,000, the amount of an endowment certificate issued to her husband, Philip Croak, on April 21, 1883, the certificate being payable to Mrs. Lizzie Croak.

On the 20th day of July, 1885, charges, with specifications, were preferred against Philip Croak by a member of the subordinate court, Progress Ho. 34, to which Croak belonged, and a trial committee of seven appointed by the subordinate court to try Croak upon these charges and specifications.

On the 7th day of September, 1885, at a regular meeting of the subordinate court, the trial committee reported the proceedings taken before ■ it on the charges and specifications, the evidence taken before the committee, together with the finding of the committee. On motion, the report of the trial committee was adopted and a vote taken on the form of punishment, which resulted in favor of expulsion, *48and the presiding officer of the subordinate court declared Philip Croak expelled from the order. An appeal was taken from this order of expulsion by Philip Croak to the high board of directors, the intermediate appellate tribunal of the order, the ground of said appeal being that he had not received notice of the meetings of the trial committee, that the charges and specifications were never served upon him, and that he had a good and complete defense to all the charges and specifications, and desired an opportunity of offering evidence in his defense.

On the 29th day of January, 1886, the high board of directors having considered said appeal, found that “the record of the proceedings show that notice had been sent to his last known address three times,” and overruled the appeal and affirmed the judgment of the subordinate court. From this no appeal was taken to the high court, or the court of last resort in the order.

Philip Croak paid all his dues and assessments up to the time of his expulsion, and no dues or assessments were demanded of him by the order from the time of his expulsion until his death, which occurred June 6,1887.

F. A. Willoughby and R. A. Burton, attorneys for appellant.

A. E. Case and Lawrence P. Boyle, attorneys for appellee.

Mr. Justice Waterman

delivered the opinion of the Court.

No one is compelled to belong to such a society as the appellee. Those who do become members are, as to their rights therein and thereunder, bound by the rules and regulations of such bodies, and if they have any grievance because of the failure of the society to observe its rules and regulations, to the tribunals provided by the order, if any, for the redress of grievance, must they appeal before they can resort for redress to the courts of the land. If the laws of such society provide for an appeal from the first court *49before which members may be heard, one aggrieved by the decision of such first court must prosecute an appeal to the highest tribunal of the body; in other words, must exhaust his remedy within and through the tribunals provided by the law of the society. Niblack on Benefit Societies, Sec. 111; Woman’s Cath. Order Foresters v. People ex rel., 59 Ill. App. 390; Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias v. The People ex rel., Oct. term, 1895, Ill. App.; Otto v. Union, 75 Cal. 308-314; Karcher v. Supreme Lodge Knights of Honor, 137 Mass. 368.

Where the tribunal of a voluntary society proceeds regularly, that is, in accordance with its own rules, they being not contrary to public policy or the law of the land, and the procedure not being *mala fides,*or repugnant to natural justice, the merits ‘of a judgment thus rendered will not be inquired into collaterally. Nelson v. Board of Trade, 58 Ill. App. 399, 412-414.

The charges made against the expelled members were such as its laws provided might be made, and upon proof of the truth of which he might be expelled; that he had notice of, that is, actually knew of the proceedings against him, and appealed therefrom, is undisputed.

The tribunal can not be said to have acted in bad faith, nor were its proceedings in disregard of its own rules, or repugnant to the law of the land. The deceased member failed to prosecute his appeal to the highest tribunal provided by the law of the order, preferring, it would seem, rather to rest under the judgment of expulsion, affirmed, as it was, by the higher court to which he did appeal.

The judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.