# Patent

## Title
Initializing femtocells

## Abstract

A femtocell may be initialized on a network by automatically contacting a network service provider. The access point then automatically downloads an initial configuration from a bootstrap server belonging to the network service provider. In some cases, a femtocell access point may automatically determine, after boot up, whether it was pre-provisioned with credentials to authenticate itself with the network service provider. If so, it may use a domain name service to obtain an address of a bootstrap server. Otherwise, it may use dynamic host configuration protocol to discover the bootstrap server's Internet Protocol address.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to provisional application 61/223,360, filed Jul. 6, 2009, which provisional application is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND
This relates generally to wireless networks and, particularly, to the use of wireless networks that include femtocells, sometimes called access point base stations or home base stations.
A femtocell is a cell that is generally low powered and has relative small range, often connected to a service provider's network via a broadband connection, such as digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable. It can be provisioned by the user of a mobile station on an operator's network. One benefit of a femtocell is to extend wireless service coverage indoors.
While they may be initialized by a consumer, femto access points generally cannot be initiated into an operator's network, such as a WiMAX network.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a system depiction for one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a depiction of the sequence of operations in initializing a femtocell in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for one embodiment; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of a femtocell for one embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In accordance with some embodiments, a femtocell may be initialized on a wireless operator's network, such as a WiMAX (IEEE Std. 802.16-2004, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 16: Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE New York, N.Y. 10016) or a WiFi (IEEE Std. 802.11 (1999-07-015) Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer Specifications) network. This enables mobile stations to operate within the femtocell so that the femtocell access point is recognized by a wireless service provider.
The femtocell may be pre-provisioned with certain credentials so that a femtocell access point can authenticate itself to the operator's network and become attached to that network. The pre-provisioned parameters may include non-operator specific parameters such as the specific credentials for a particular wireless protocol, such as a WiMAX protocol. It may also include operator specific credentials including the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a bootstrap server in the femtocell network service provider (NSP).
The access point discovers a bootstrap server to download the initial configuration and start the attached process to the operator's network. If the FQDN of bootstrap server is pre-provisioned, then the bootstrap server's address can be discovered easily via domain name system (DNS) lookup. However, if the FQDN of the bootstrap server is not pre-provisioned, then the bootstrap server's Internet Protocol (IP) address can be discovered through dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) options.
Referring to FIG. 1, the wireless system 10, in accordance with one embodiment, may include a public network 12, including a DHCP server 24 and a DNS server 26. A femto access service network (ASN) 14 may include a Self Organization Network (SON) server 28, a security gateway (SeGW) 40, and a femtocell or home gateway (FeGW) 42. The femto NSP 18 may include a DNS server 44, a management system or server 46, and a femto authentication authorization and accounting (AAA) server 48, as well as a bootstrap server 50. The bootstrap server initializes the femtocell on the operator's network.
The femtocell 16 may include an access point 52, as well as one or more mobile stations 54. The femtocell 16 may be part of a macro-cell 20, including a base station 22. In one embodiment, the macro-cell is part of a WiMAX network.
Referring to FIG. 2, at 31, the access point boots up. At 32, the access point obtains the outer Internet Protocol address from the public backhaul network, such as a DSL or cable network, via DHCP. If the access point does not have a pre-provisioned FQDN of a bootstrap server, the Internet Protocol address of the bootstrap server may be provided as a DHCP option.
Then, at 33, in an alternate embodiment, the access point is pre-provisioned with the FQDN of the bootstrap server 50. The access point may do a DNS query for the IP address of the bootstrap server in the femto NSP. At 34, once the IP address of the bootstrap server is determined by the access point in steps 32 or 33, the access point may establish a secure connection with the bootstrap server. This secure connection may be bootstrapped using pre-provisioned credentials in one embodiment.
In 35, the access point connects to the bootstrap server and requests initial configuration information. The access point sends its location information, for example, global positioning systems (GPS) information or a zip code that was registered during the access point signup with the time to NSP, for the SeGW 40 selection. The access point downloads the address of the SeGW from the bootstrap server 50. The access point also obtains the FQDN of the management system 46.
In 36, the access point may establish an Internet Protocol security (IPsec) tunnel with the SeGW and at 36b, access point authentication is performed in one embodiment. The SeGW relays extensible authentication protocol (EAP) messages to the femto AAA server for authentication of the access point. The inner Internet Protocol address is also assigned to the access point by the default SeGw.
At 37, the access point does a DNS query to obtain the Internet Protocol address of the management server from the FQDN obtained at 35. The access point connects to the management system at 38. The access point sends its local information to the management system, including the Internet Protocol address of the access point, hardware serial number, software version, location number, and the like. Based on the information provided by the access point, the management system 46 provides the higher layer configuration parameters to the access point. Along with these parameters, either the FQDN or IP address of the SON server may be returned to the access point in one embodiment.
If the FQDN of the SON server is obtained at 38, then a DNS query is executed at 39 to obtain the Internet Protocol address of the SON server. This step may not be executed if the IP address of the SON server is directly returned in step 38.
At 40, the access point connects to the SON server and the access point sends its local information to the SON server, including the macro-cell/femtocell radio environment information. This information may include frequency and preamble information, as examples. The location of the access point is authorized by the SON server. Based on the information provided by the access point, the SON server provides the physical and medium access control (MAC) layer configuration parameters to the access point and authorizes the access point to turn on the radio transmission.
At 41, the access point establishes an R6-F data path with the femto gateway 42.
Turning to FIG. 3, the sequence depicted there can be implemented in software, hardware, or firmware in the access point 52. In the software implemented embodiment, the software may be implemented by a sequence of instructions executed by a processor or controller. The instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium, such as an optical, magnetic, or semiconductor memory.
Initially, the femtocell access point boots up, as indicated in block 62. Then, at diamond 63, the access point determines if it was pre-provisioned with credentials. If so, it obtains an Internet Protocol address in block 66 using DNS. Otherwise, it uses DHCP to locate the bootstrap server in block 64. After establishing a secure connection with a bootstrap server in block 68, an initial configuration is downloaded in block 70. This may be followed by authentication with SeGW in block 72.
Next, a management system or server 46 is located, as indicated in block 74. Another configuration is downloaded in block 76.
In block 78, an SON server is located and a radio configuration is downloaded in block 80. Finally, the data path with a femto gateway is established in block 82.
Referring to FIG. 4, a femtocell 16 may be established within a user's home. It may communicate with various items in the femtocell, such as a cell phone 84 or a laptop computer 86 using a short range wireless protocol. It may also communicate with a home or femto gateway 42, adapted to operate with a DSL or cable connection 88. The connection 88 connects the femtocell 16 to a femto network service provider 18.
The femtocell access point 52 may include a controller 92 coupled to a non-volatile memory 94, such as a flash memory. A volatile memory 95 may be a static random access memory (SRAM) in one embodiment. A radio frequency transceiver 96 may provide wireless signals for proximate devices. An Ethernet physical layer 98 connects the controller 92 to the femto gateway 42.
In a software implemented embodiment, the memory 94 may store instructions executed by the controller 92. However, other storage/controller combinations may also be used.
References throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation encompassed within the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be instituted in other suitable forms other than the particular embodiment illustrated and all such forms may be encompassed within the claims of the present application.
While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
enabling a femtocell access point to automatically contact a network service provider;
enabling said femtocell access point to automatically download an initial configuration from a bootstrap server belonging to the network service provider; and
automatically using a domain name system server to obtain an address of the bootstrap server.

2. The method of claim 1 including automatically determining, after boot up, whether the femtocell access point is pre-provisioned with credentials to authenticate itself with the network service provider.

3. The method of claim 2 including, if the femtocell access point is not pre-provisioned, using dynamic host configuration protocol to discover the bootstrap server's Internet Protocol address.

4. The method of claim 1 including pre-provisioning the femtocell access point with credentials for a particular wireless protocol.

5. The method of claim 1 including pre-provisioning the femtocell access point with a domain name of a bootstrap server in a femtocell network service provider.

6. The method of claim 1 including requesting initial configuration information from a bootstrap server at the network service provider.

7. The method of claim 1 including automatically sending the location of a network access point to the network service provider.

8. The method of claim 1 including enabling the femtocell access point to automatically download the address of a security gateway from the bootstrap server.

9. The method of claim 1 including enabling the access point to automatically register with a network service provider.

10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions to cause a femtocell access point to:
automatically contact a network service provider;
automatically download an initial configuration for a bootstrap server belonging to the network service provider; and
automatically use a domain name server to obtain an address of the bootstrap server.

11. The medium of claim 10 further storing instructions to automatically determine, after boot up, whether the femtocell access point is preprovisioned with credentials to authenticate itself with the network service provider.

12. The medium of claim 10 further storing instructions to automatically use a domain name system server to obtain the address of the bootstrap server if the access point is preprovisioned.

13. The medium of claim 11 further storing instructions to use the dynamic host configuration protocol to discover the bootstrap server's Internet Protocol address if the femtocell access is not preprovisioned.

14. The medium of claim 10 further storing instructions to request initial configuration information from a bootstrap server at the network service provider.

15. A femtocell access point comprising:
a controller to automatically contact a network service provider, to automatically download an initial configuration from a bootstrap server belonging to the network service provider, and to automatically use a domain name server to obtain an address of the bootstrap server; and
a radio frequency transceiver coupled to said controller.

16. The access point of claim 15, said access point to automatically determine, after bootup, whether the access point is preprovisioned with credentials to authenticate itself with the network service provider.

17. The access point of claim 16 to automatically use a domain name system server to obtain the address of the bootstrap server.

18. The access point of claim 16 to use dynamic host configuration protocol to discover the bootstrap server's Internet Protocol address if the access point is not preprovisioned.

19. The access point of claim 15 including a memory storing credentials for a particular wireless protocol.