IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

No. 97-20819

ROBERT E. RHOADES, Trustee for the FirstBanc Savings

Association Employee Stock Ownership Plan,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

MICHAEL E. CASEY; ET AL.,

Defendants,

MICHAEL E. CASEY,

 Defendant-Counter Claimant-Appellant,

versus

THE TEXAS SAVINGS AND LOAN DEPARTMENT; KATHY BARNES;

VIVIAN WECHIE,

 Defendants-Appellees,

and

THE OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION,

 Defendant-Counter Defendant-Appellee.

******************************************************************************

DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION,

US DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY,

 Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

MICHAEL E. CASEY,

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeals from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of Texas

December 3, 1999

Before KING, Chief Judge, SMITH, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

CARL E. STEWART, Circuit Judge:
2

Defendant-Appellant Michael E. Casey appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment

in favor of the Office of Thrift Supervision and the Texas Savings and Loan Department. The

appellant also challenges the district court’s order which distributed the disputed retirement benefits

to other retirement plan participants, and the award of attorney’s fees to Plaintiff-Appellee Robert

Rhoades. For the following reasons we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

This appeal arises from a complicated set of factual and procedural circumstances. Michael

E. Casey (“Casey”) was the first president and chief executive officer of FirstBanc. FirstBanc’s

Employees Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) was established May 1, 1987. Casey was the plan’s

trustee and an ESOP participant. 

In 1991, the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”) and the Texas Savings and Loan

Department (“TSLD”) raised questions regarding the administration of the FirstBanc ESOP. The

OTS and TSLD commenced a formal examination of FirstBanc and the FirstBanc ESOP. The

agencies investigated to determine whether Casey had committed violations of banking regulations,

breached fiduciary duties, and engaged in unsafe or unsound banking practices. These investigations

led to settlement negotiations between OTS, TSLD and Casey. In order to avoid the initiation of

administrative litigation against him by OTS and TSLD on June 21, 1993 Casey entered into two

separate consent agreementstitled Stipulation and Consent to Issuance of Order to Cease and Desist

(“consent agreements”) with OTS and TSLD respectively. In the consent agreements signed by

Casey, he assented to issuance ofthe cease and desist orders(“cease and desist orders” or “orders”).

These consent agreementsfurtherstated that Caseyagreed to complywith the cease and desist orders

that would be forthcoming from OTS and TSLD. Casey also stipulated that the orders complied

with all requirements of law. The consent agreements clearly explained that the cease and desist

orders were final orders, effective, and fully enforceable by the agencies. Casey also waived his right

to seek judicial review of the orders or to otherwise challenge the validity of the order.
 

1 The TSLD order contained virtually the same language except it stated that Casey would

“hereby” waive his ESOP benefits. 

3

The cease and desist orders issued by OTS and TSLD were comprehensive. The orders

stripped Casey of his association with FirstBanc as a director and of his position as trustee of the

ESOP. Most importantly for this appeal, the orders stated that Casey would waive his rights and

interests in his ESOP benefits. The OTS order stated in part, “Casey shall forfeit, waive, and release

any ESOP benefits, interests, distribution or claim for ESOP benefits, interests, and distributions.”1

In April 1995, o ver two years after the consent agreements were signed and the orders had been

issued, the OTS Midwest Regional directorsent a letter to Casey requesting that he execute a waiver

of his ESOP benefits as required by the order. Casey, responding to the letter through counsel,

refused to execute the waiver. 

In August 1995, Robert Rhoades, the new trustee of the FirstBanc ESOP, dissolved the

FirstBanc ESOP. At that time, Rhoades distributed the ESOP fundsto the ESOP participants or their

beneficiaries. OTS and TSLD wrote to Rhoades and reminded him of the orders in place against

Casey and asserted that Casey’s ESOP benefits were subject to the orders which required Casey to

forfeit and waive his benefits. Casey also contacted Rhoades and disputed the validity of the orders.

Casey requested that Rhoades release and distribute to him his portion of the ESOP fund.

On November 1, 1995, Rhoadesfiled an interpleader action, and subsequently deposited into

the Registry of the Court the $77,064.04 in dispute. OTS, TSLD, Casey, and all of the other ESOP

plan participants were named as defendants in the interpleader action. This interpleader action was

filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas and was assigned to Judge Vanessa

Gilmore.

One month later in December 1995, OTS filed a Complaint for Enforcement of Order

(“enforcement complaint”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas and it was

assigned to Judge David Hittner. The enforcement complaint named Casey as the defendant and

stated that pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 1818(I)(1) OTS was entitled to enforcement of the outstanding
 

2

 On June 19, 1997 Casey filed a pleading styled as a motion for new trial. On March 29, 1998

the district court denied Casey’s motion for new trial because it was untimely, coming after the ten

day period set forth in F.R.CIV.P. 59(e).

4

final order, including obtaining an order from the district court directing Casey to waive his ESOP

benefits. On April 23, 1996 OTS filed an unopposed motion to consolidate the Rhoades interpleader

action and the OTS enforcement complaint. On April 26, 1996 Judge Gilmore signed an order

granting OTS’s motion to consolidate the cases. 

On February 28, 1997 OTS, TSLD and Casey filed motions for summary judgment. On the

same dayRhoadesfiled a motion for discharge as plaintiffin the interpleader action and for attorney’s

fees. On April 23, 1997, the district court granted OTS and TSLD’s motions for summary judgment

denying Casey’s motion for summary judgment. The district court also granted Rhoades’ motion for

attorney’s fees. The district court refused to discharge Rhoades as a plaintiff until the court entered

a final order distributing the ESOP benefits that were in the court’s registry. On June 3, 1997, the

district court entered an order that distributed the funds held in the court registry as follows : $23,

955.21 to Rhoades in attorney’s fees, and the remaining $53, 108.83 plus all accrued interest to be

distributed to the ESOP participants in the same proportion as the previous disbursements made by

Rhoades.2

In the district court’s order granting summary judgment the court stated that the clear

language of 12 U.S.C. § 1818(i)(1) defined the district court’s jurisdiction to only allow the court

to enforce the OTS order, and that a district court should not review or modify the terms of an OTS

order. The district court also found that even if it had jurisdiction to modify or rescind the OTS

order, the OTS order did not violate the anti-alienation provisions ofERISA. In regards to the TSLD

order the district court held that Casey was barred by res judicata from collaterally attacking the

TSLD order. The district court further found that the Texas statutes which empowered TSLD to

regulate state-chartered savings associations were not preempted by ERISA. 

DISCUSSION
5

Casey argues on appeal that the district court erred in finding that it did not have jurisdiction

to consider his defense to the OTS order, and also erred in finding that the OTS order did not violate

the anti-alienation provisions of ERISA. Casey also challenges the district court’s finding that res

judicata bars his challenge to the TSLD order, and that the TSLD order is not preempted by ERISA.

Finally, Casey arguesthat the district court abused its discretion in awarding Rhoades attorney’sfees

because Rhoades was not a disinterested stakeholder as required to receive attorney’s fees in an

interpleader action. We will consider each of these issues in turn.

A. OTS Order

This court reviews a grant of summary judgment de novo. See Rivers v. Central and South

West Corporation, 186 F.3d 681, 682 (5th Cir. 1999). Summary judgment is appropriate, when,

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, the record reflects that no

genuine issue of any materialfact exists. See Celotex Corp. v. Cartrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-324, 106

S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed. 2d 265 (1986).

1. District Court’s Jurisdiction under 12 U.S.C. § 1818

The district court granted summary judgment to OTS on the grounds that the 12 U.S.C. §

1818(i)(1) limits a district court’s jurisdiction to the enforcement of banking agency orders. The

district court found that §1818(i)(1) expressly forbids a district court to review, suspend or terminate

OTS orders. Casey argues that he did not ask the district court to review, suspend or modify the

OTS order. He contends that as a defense to the OTS enforcement action he requested that the

district court rule on the legal effect of the OTS order, specifically whether the OTS order was void

as a matter of law because the order violated ERISA’s anti-alienation provision.

Before the district court were two separate actions which the district court consolidated; the

enforcement action brought by OTS against Casey, and the interpleader action brought by Rhoades
 

3

In the April 1997 order which granted summary judgment and in the June 1997 order which

distributed the interplead funds, the district court does not separate discussion of the enforcement

complaint and the interpleader action and how the court’s jurisdiction may differ in the two matters.

 

4

 Casey argues that the OTS order which was issued against him as provided for in the consent

agreement was not “effective”, because to be an “effective” order the order must be legal, valid and

enforceable. However, the statute does not impose these requirements. The statute clearly states that

an order is “effective” thirty days after service of the order. See FDIC v. Bank of Coushatta, 930

F.2d 1122, 1125 (5th Cir. 1991).

6

naming OTS, TSLD, Casey and the other plan participants as defendants. Therefore, we will address

the district court’s jurisdiction in each suit separately.3

The jurisdictional scheme for a federal banking agency’s cease and desist orders is set forth

in the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act of 1966 (FISA), 80 Stat, 1046, as amended, 12 U.S.C.

§ 1818 et seq. FISA § 1818(b) gives a federal banking agency, such as OTS, the power to issue a

cease and desist order against any banking institution affiliated party who the agency has reasonable

cause to believe has been engaging in unsafe or unsound practices. A cease and desist order becomes

effective at the expiration of thirty days after the service of the order upon the institution affiliated

party, in the present case that party being Casey.4 See 12 U.S.C. § 1818(b)(2).

FISAalso provides a comprehensive systemfor judicialreview of an effective cease and desist

order. See Board of Governors of Fed. Reserve Sys. of U.S. v. Mcorp Financial Inc., 502 U.S. 32,

37, 112 S.Ct. 459, 463, 116 L.Ed. 2d 358 (1991). A party may obtain review of the order issued by

the banking agency by filing it in a Court of Appeals of the United States. See 12 U.S.C. §

1818(h)(2). The banking agency may apply to a United States district court for the enforcement of

an effective and outstanding order, and the district court has the jurisdiction and power to order

compliance with the OTS order. See 12 U.S.C. § 1818(i)(1) (emphasis added). The district court

does not have jurisdiction to affect by injunction or otherwise the enforcement of any order, or to

review, modify, suspend, terminate or set aside any order. Id.

The case law also outlines and clearly foreclosesthe jurisdiction of a district court to modify,

or review banking agency orders. In MCorp., the Supreme Court held that the plain, preclusive
 

5

 There are many cases in which an institution or institution affiliated party has challenged a

banking agency’sfinal order in the Court of Appeals, as provided for in § 1818(h). See e.g., Pharaon

v. Board of Governors ofthe FederalReserve System, 135 F.3d 148 (D.C. Cir. 1998); Long v. Board

of Governors of FederalReserve System, 117 F.3d 1145 (10th Cir. 1997); Hendrickson v. FDIC; 113

F.3d 98 (7th Cir. 1997); Rapp v. OTS, 52 F.3d 1510 (10th Cir. 1995).

7

language of § 1818(i) “provides us with clear and convincing evidence that Congressintended to deny

the District Court jurisdiction to review and enjoin” administrative proceedings. MCorp., 502 U.S.

at 44. This court has also found that § 1818(i) on its face is sufficient to deprive the district court of

jurisdiction to review, modify or terminate banking agency disciplinary actions. See e.g., Landmark

Land Company, Inc., 948 F.2d 910, 912 (5th Cir. 1991); Board of Governors of the FederalReserve

System v. DLG FinancialCorp., 29 F.3d 993, 999 (5th Cir. 1994). Therefore, based on the plain and

preclusive language of § 1818(i)(1) the district court properly concluded that it did not have

jurisdiction in the enforcement action to modify or terminate the OTS order. 

Casey nonetheless arguesthat the jurisdictionalscheme of §1818(i)isinapplicable to this case

because he did not ask the district court to modify or suspend the OTS order, but instead presented

a defense to the OTS order, namely that the OTS order violated the anti-alienation provision of

ERISA. Casey asserts that after considering his defense, the district court had jurisdiction to find the

OTS order void as a matter of law. However, if the district court had considered Casey’s defense

and declared the OTS order void and therefore unenforceable, that decision would have been

tantamount to the district court’s modifying or terminating the OTS order. This is an action which

is expressly prohibited by § 1818(i).

The proper course of action for Casey would have been for him to challenge the OTS order

in this court. Casey entered into the consent agreement and the OTS order was issued in June 1993.

Section 1818(h) providesthat an institution affiliated partyhas within 30 days after the date ofservice

of the agency order to seek review in the Court of Appeals, and request that the agency order be

modified, terminated, or set aside.5 Casey chose to disregard the OTS order by not seeking timely

review of the order, not executing the waiver of his benefits, and instead waiting until OTS filed an
 

6 One circuit hassuggested that under certain circumstances a district court does have jurisdiction

to hear a party’s defense to an OTS enforcement action. In OTS v. Henry, 43 F.3d 507 (10th Cir.

1994), OTS issued cease and desist orders against Anne Henry for participating in improper banking

transactions. After issuance of the OTS order Henry filed an action in the district court seeking to

enjoin OTS from enforcing the order. See Henry, 43 F.3d at 510. The Tenth Circuit found that the

district court lacked jurisdiction to decide Henry’s complaint because to decide in her favor would

be “tantamount to setting aside the consent order.” Id. at 513. The court also stated that Henry

could raise her affirmative defense of fraud to challenge the OTS consent order if OTS attempted to

enforce the order in the district court. Henryis distinguishable fromthe present case because Henry’s

defense was fraud which went to the issue of whether Henry knowingly consented to the issuance of

the OTS order. In the present case there is no question that Casey knowingly and voluntarily

consented to the issuance of the OTS order. Also, in Henry the institution affiliated party, Henry, did

seek judicial review of the OTS order prior to OTS filing an enforcement action ,although she

brought that challenge in the district court and not the Court of Appeals.

8

enforcement complaint to submit his ERISA argument as a defense.6 Therefore, the district court

properly concluded that it did not have jurisdiction to declare the OTS order void as a matter of law

because that action would have been equivalent to terminating or modifying the OTS order.

2. ERISA’s Anti-alienation Provision

While admittedly the district court did not have jurisdiction under §1818 to consider Casey’s

ERISA defense the district court did have jurisdiction to consider Casey’s ERISA argument as part

of the court’s effort to fashion a solution to the interpleader action. The interpleader complaint

specifically requested that the court determine the rights of all the named parties as to the disputed

ESOP funds, and to distribute the benefits according to the court’s determination. Therefore, looking

through the lens of the interpleader action, instead of through the prohibitive lens of 1818(i), it was

proper for the district court to resolve the ERISA issue. Due to the unusual circumstance of the

unopposed consolidation of the enforcement and interpleader actions, resolution of Casey’s ERISA

argument was inextricably linked to a final disposition of the interpleader action. The district court

properly provided full consideration ofCasey’sERISAarguments, and thus we willreview thisissue.

Casey argued to the district court and contends on appeal that the OTS order should be

declared void and unenforceable because it violates the anti-alienation provision of the Employee

Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), 88 Stat. 832, as amended, 29 U.S.C. § et seq.

The anti-alienation provision of ERISA, Section 1056(d)(1) states that each pension plan “shall
9

provide that benefits provided under the plan may not be assigned or alienated.” In general, the antialienation provision will be read broadly as a “protective policy of special intensity” which reflects

the policy that retirement funds should remain inviolate until retirement. Boggs v. Boggs, 520 U.S.

833, 851, 117 S.Ct. 1754, 1765, 138 L.Ed. 2d 45 (1997).

However, the anti-alienation provision of ERISA is not absolute. Courts, including this one,

have noted that there is an exception to ERISA’s anti-alienation provision for a knowing and

voluntary waiver of retirement benefits that is executed to reach a settlement. See Finz v.

Schlesinger, 957 F.2d 78, 82 (2d Cir. 1992) (holding that plan participant may execute a valid waiver

of pension benefits aslong asthe waiver is made knowingly and voluntarily); Lumpkin v. Envirodyne

Industries, Inc., 933 F.2d 449, 455 (7th Cir. 1991) (holding that the anti-alienation provision of

ERISA manifests Congress’s intent to prevent a worker from unknowingly signing away pension

benefits, but does not impose a bar on settlement agreements in which benefits are knowingly and

voluntarily waived).

This court in Stobnicki v. Textron, 868 F.2d 1460, 1465 (5th Cir. 1989) held that “a

controversy between good-faith adverse claimants to pension plan benefits is subject to settlement

like any other, and that an assignment made pursuant to a bona-fide settlement ofsuch a controversy

is not invalidated by the anti-alienation provision of ERISA, 29 U.S. C. § 1056(d)(1).” In Stobnicki,

a common law husband named his brother as his beneficiary for his retirement benefits. After the

husband died, his brother’ssuccessorin interest entered into a settlement agreement with the common

law wife and executed an instrument that assigned to the common law wife all rights to her late

husband’s retirement benefits. This court upheld this voluntary assignment of retirement benefits

finding that it furthered the purposes of ERISA, by not wasting retirement benefits on the costs of

litigation. In Stobnicki, this court thoroughly examined the legislative historyofERISAand the effect

that the legislative history has on the scope of the anti-alienation provision. We held that courts “will

not ascribe toCongressthe intent ofmaking unreasonable law--one requiring terminallitigationrather

than settlements as doesthe general law,” and therefore the apparent statutory bar against alienation
10

of pension benefits should yield to reason and allow benefits to be voluntarily waived for settlement

purposes. Stobnicki, 868 F.2d at 1463-1464.

In the present case, Caseyknowinglyand voluntarilyentered into a settlement agreement with

OTS in which he agreed to waive his retirement benefits. This was a bargained for exchange in

whichCaseywaived his benefitsin exchange forsubstantial consideration. OTS agreed not to pursue

formal administrative litigation against Casey, which could have resulted in Casey’s being ordered to

pay civil penalties. This concession by OTS and TSLD was made in exchange for his promise to

waive hisretirement benefits. Furthermore, Casey is the ultimate sophisticated party in a transaction

such as this because he was CEO of FirstBanc and trustee of the ESOP. We decline to ascribe to

ERISA’s anti-alienation provision an unreasonable interpretationwhichwould frustrate knowing and

voluntary settlements, such as the one entered into by Casey.

Casey argues that the Supreme Court’s decision in Boggs, which was rendered after the

district court’s decision in the present case, stands for the proposition that all voluntary waivers of

pension benefits violate ERISA’s anti-alienation provision. We disagree. In Boggs, the pension plan

participant’s first wife predeceased him. In her testamentary instrument she transferred an interest

in her ex-husband’s undistributed pension plan benefitsto the couple’s children. SeeBoggs, 520 U.S.

at 836, 117 S.Ct. at 1758. Under Louisiana community property law, the ex-wife was entitled to

dispose of her communitypropertyinterest in her husband’s undistributed pension benefitsin her will.

See Boggs, 520 U.S. at 837, 117 S.Ct. at 1758. The ex-husband, who was the plan participant, did

not knowingly or voluntarily waive his benefits in the plan, or enter into a settlement agreement with

his ex-wife. The Supreme Court’s primary holding in Boggs was that the Louisiana community

property statute, to the extent that it allowed an ex-wife to assign her ex-husband’s benefits, is

preempted by ERISA. See Boggs, 520 U.S. at 844, 117 S.Ct. at 1762. The Supreme Court also

concluded that Congress’sintent to preempt state statutes that give an interest in pension benefitsto

nonbeneficiary, nonparticipant interests is bolstered by ERISA’s anti-alienation provision. Boggs,

520 U.S. at 851, 117 S.Ct. at 1765. In the present case, Casey, the plan participant, has not been
 

7

 Neither in the June 1997 order nor the April summary judgment order did the district court

discuss its jurisdiction or authority to distribute the ESOP funds that were in question. 

 

8 A prerequisite to filing an interpleader action isthat there must be a single, identifiable fund. The

legislative purpose of an interpleader action is to remedy the problems posed by multiple claimants

to a single fund, and to protect a stakeholder from the possibility of multiple claims on a single fund.

Wausau Insurance Companies v. Gifford, 954 F.2d 1098, 1100 (5th Cir. 1992).

11

divested of his rights to his pension benefits by an assignment made by a nonbeneficiary,

nonparticipant third party. In this case, Casey himself, voluntarily agreed to waive his pension

benefitsin exchange for the agencies agreement to begin administrative litigation against him. Boggs

did not address knowing and voluntarywaivers of pension benefits bya plan participant that are made

in exchange forsubstantial consideration. Therefore, the Supreme Court’s holding in Boggs does not

void the OTS Order. We conclude that the OTS order did not violate ERISA’s anti-alienation

provision, and that the district court did not have jurisdiction to modify or terminate the OTS order.

Therefore, regarding the OTS enforcement complaint, the district court properly enforced the order

and divested Casey of his interest in the ESOP benefits.

3. Interpleader Action

After granting summary judgment to OTS and TSLD finding that Casey had waived hisrights

to his ESOP benefits, in June 1997 the district court entered an order which distributed Casey’s

waived ESOP benefits to the other ESOP participants. Because this June 1997 order distributed

Casey’s waived ESOP benefits we assume that the June 1997 order was rendered in response to the

interpleader action filed by Rhoades.7

Rhoades filed the interpleader action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1335 and FED. R. CIV. P. 22

because he considered Casey, OTS and TSLD to be adverse claimants who might claim entitlement

to the ESOP funds.8 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201-2202, Rhoades also requested that the court

issue a declaratory judgment setting forth the rights of Casey, OTS, and TSLD to the disputed

portion of the ESOP fund. Rhoades requested that the declaratory judgment address the validity of

the OTS and TSLD orders as related to Casey’s rights to the funds. Rhoades also urged the district

court to allow him to deposit the disputed funds in the court registry, and that the court determine
 

9

 The interpleader complaint also requested that the court enter a declaratory judgment. Under

the declaratory judgment statute the district court may declare the rights and other legal relations of

any interested party and enter any necessary or proper relief based on the declaratory judgment. 28

U.S.C. §§ 2201-2202. 

 

10 Casey also claims that his wife as a beneficiary also has an interest in the ESOP benefits.

However, his wife was never a party in the interpleader action, therefore this court will not address

Casey’s claims that his wife may have had an interest in the ESOP benefits.

12

the distribution of the ESOP funds as among Casey or the other plan participants, and that the funds

be distributed in accordance with the court’s instructions.

A district court has broad powers in an interpleader action. An interpleader action typically

involves two stages. In the first stage, the district court decides whether the requirements for rule or

statutory interpleader action have been met by determining if there is a single fund at issue and

whether there are adverse claimants to that fund. Wright, Miller & Kane, FEDERAL PRACTICE &

PROCEDURE: Civil 2d § 1714 (1986). If the district court finds that the interpleader action has been

properly brought the district court will then make a determination of the respective rights of the

claimants. Id. When there is no genuine issue of material fact the second stage may be adjudicated

at summary judgment, and if there is a trial each claimant must prove their right to the fund by a

preponderance of the evidence. Id. After entering a judgment in the interpleader action the district

court also has the power to make all appropriate orders to enforce its judgment. 28 U.S.C. § 2361.

In an interpleader action the district court may also enter an order restraining the claimants from

instituting any proceeding affecting the property until further order of the court. Id.9

This was a proper interpleader action. There was a single fund, the ESOP benefits, with

several adverse parties who could have attempted to claim these funds. At the time the ESOP was

dissolved, Casey informed Rhoades that he sought to retain his interest in the ESOP benefits.10 At

this same time OTS and TSLD informed Rhoades that Casey had waived the benefits. Because this

was a proper interpleader action in the second stage of the interpleader it would be proper for the

district court to determine the rights of Casey, OTS, TSLD and the other ESOP participants to the

funds. The district court had previously determined in the April 1997 summary judgment order and
 

11 Other parties to the interpleader action also requested that the waived ESOP benefits be

distributed by the district court. The ESOP participants were named as defendants in the interpleader

action. Two of these participants, Vivian Wechie and Kathy Barnes, filed answers to the interpleader

complaint and requested that the court award them any dollar amount to which they were legally

entitled.

13

memorandum opinion that the OTS and TSLD orders were enforceable. Based on this decision, it

was reasonable for the district court in its determination of the parties’ rights to the funds as

demanded by the interpleader action to conclude that Casey had waived his rights to the ESOP

benefits. OTS and TSLD had never asserted any right to obtain the waived ESOP benefits. The

agencies had only requested that based on the orders and consent agreements Casey should waive his

rights to the ESOP benefits. Once the district court had made the determination that Casey had

waived hisrightsto the ESOP benefits, and the agencies claimed no right to obtain the ESOP benefits

it was clear that the benefits should not be distributed to Casey or the banking agencies. Therefore,

the proper resolution would be to return Casey’s waived ESOP benefits to the general ESOP fund.

However, the ESOP had already been dissolved, and the rest of the ESOP funds had already been

distributed to the ESOP participants. The interpleader statute gives a district court the power to enter

orders to effectuate its judgments, and Rhoades’ interpleader complaint specifically requested that

the district court decide how the ESOP benefits should be distributed and distribute the benefits

according to the court’s order.11 Therefore, based on the general powers of a district court in an

interpleader action and the particular circumstances of this case the district court did have the

authority to enter an order to distribute Casey’s waived ESOP benefits to the other ESOP

participants.

B. TSLD Order

The district court also granted summary judgment to TSLD finding that the TSLD order was

fully enforceable. This court reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. See

Rivers v. Central and South West Corporation, 186 F.3d 681, 682 (5th Cir. 1999).
 

12 This discussion is included to allow this court to fully address the appellant’s arguments as

presented. The OTS order that was the subject of the discussion in Part A concerned the same ESOP

benefits that are at issue in the TSLD order. Therefore, our holding that the district court properly

enforced the OTS order and properly distributed the waived ESOP benefits pursuant to the

interpleader action, renders our determination of the validity of the TSLD order inconsequential.

TSLD did not file a brief in this appeal and did not appear at oral argument. However, the TSLD

order was discussed by the district court and is submitted by the appellant as an issue for review. 

 

13

 This case discusses the preclusive effect of a judgment rendered by a Texas court, by analogy

Texaslaw also governsthe preclusive effect ofjudgmentsrendered bya Texas administrative agency.

 

14 While the TSLD Order was not the result of a judgment by the administrative agency, it was the

product of a settlement agreement entered into by the administrative agency and Casey for Casey to

avoid a full administrative hearing.

14

Casey argues that the district court erred in finding that res judicata barred him from

collaterally attacking the TSLD Order.12 Texas law governs whether a claim is barred by the

existence of a judgment rendered by a Texas administrative agency. See Britton v. Seale, 81 F.3d

602, 606 (5th Cir. 1996).13 The doctrine of res judicata applies to relitigation of claims previously

determined by an administrative agency.14 Harrison v. Gemdrill InternationalInc., 981 S.W.2d 714,

718 (Tex. App–Houston 1998, writ denied);see also Montgomery v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield, 923

S.W.2d 147, 150 (Tex. App.–Austin 1996, writ denied). To determine whether an action is barred

by res judicata the court should consider whether the prior judgment was rendered by a court with

proper jurisdiction, whether there was a final judgment on the merits, that the parties are identical in

both actions, and that the same cause of action is involved in both suits. McDaniel v. Camp, 59 F.3d

548, 550 (5th Cir. 1995) (citing Sutherland v. Coburn, 843 S.W.2d 127, 130 (Tex. App.–Texarkana

1992, writ denied)).

First, TSLD had proper jurisdiction to issue the cease and desist order against Casey.

Sections 8.04, 8.05 gave TSLD as an administrative agency the power to regulate savings

associations and to issue orders to prevent unsafe or unsound practices by the savings association or

parties affiliated with the savings association. Second, the TSLD Order was a final order issued based

on the consent agreement between Casey and TSLD. The order clearly stated that it was a final

order, and that Casey waived his right to a full administrative hearing on the merits, and also waived
15

his right to appeal the order. Subsequent to issuance of the TSLD order, Casey never requested an

administrative hearing on the merits ofthe TSLD order, and did not seek judicialreview of the order.

Casey claimsthat the partiesto the interpleader action are not the same asthe partiesthat entered into

the consent agreement. Casey claims that his wife, as the named beneficiary of his ESOP benefits,

and Rhoades asthe plaintiffin the interpleader action, are new parties, and thus his claims should not

be barred by res judicata. We disagree. Casey’s wife never sought to intervene in the interpleader

action and therefore any claims regarding her interests will not be considered on appeal. Rhoades is

not a new party to the action because he does not assert any personal claim to the ESOP benefits.

Therefore, the district court properly found that Casey’s claim that the TSLD order is unenforceable

is barred by res judicata.

Casey also argues that TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 852 §§ 8.04, 8.05 which authorized

TSLD to regulate state-chartered savings associations, are preempted by ERISA. Because Casey’s

challenge to the enforceability of the TSLD order is barred by res judicata we do not reach Casey’s

argument that §§ 8.04, 8.05 are preempted byERISA. Furthermore, TEX.REV.CIV. STAT. ANN. art.

852 §§ 8.04,8.05 were repealed by the Texas Legislature effective September of 1997. Therefore,

the issue of whether these statutes are preempted by ERISA is arguably moot. Therefore, we

conclude that the district court properly granted summary judgment in favor of TSLD.

C. Attorney’s Fees

Casey admits that he failed to timely challenge the district court’s award of $23, 955.21 in

attorney’s fees to Rhoades. Because Casey challenges the award of attorney’s fees for the first time

on appeal we will review the award for plain error. Under the plain error standard we will reverse

the district court’s award of attorney’s fees only if the award implicates the substantial rights of the

parties and seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. See

Crawford v. Falcon Drilling Co., 131 F.3d 1120, 1124 (5th Cir. 1997).
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A district court has the authority to award reasonable attorney’s fees in interpleader actions.

See Corrigan Dispatch Company v. Casa Guzman, S.A., 696 F.2d 359, 364 (5th Cir. 1983). The

award of attorney’s fees is in the discretion of the district court, and fees are available when the

interpleader is a disinterested stakeholder, and is not in substantial controversy with one of the

claimants. See Phillips PetroleumCompany v. Hazelwood, 534 F.2d 61, 63 (5th Cir. 1976). Rhoades

submitted to the district court an application for attorney’sfees which detailed his attorney’s actions

to properly represent him in the interpleader action. An affidavit submited by Rhoades’attorney

stated that the attorneys engaged in the necessary work for an interpleader action including drafting

the original interpleader complaint, locating all of the ESOP participants, answering Casey’s motions

to dismiss the interpleader action, and participating in settlement discussions. Although the award

of $23, 951 is a large sum in attorney’s fees for an interpleader action, Rhoades did attempt to be

discharged from the proceeding in February 1997. However, the district court declined to discharge

Rhoades until a final distribution of the ESOP benefits was made.

Casey argues that Rhoades should not considered a “disinterested stakeholder” as required

to receive attorney’sfeesin an interpleader action, because Rhoades attempted to direct the court to

distribute the ESOP benefits in OTS and TSLD’s favor. However, after a careful review of the

record we disagree withCasey’s contention that Rhoades participated in the litigation as an adversary

to Casey’sinterests or as an ally to OTS and TSLD. Therefore, after a thorough review of the record

we find that the court did not commit plain error in awarding Rhoades attorney’s fees. 

CONCLUSION
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For these reasons we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment to OTS and

TSLD, the order which distributed the waived ESOP benefits, and the award of attorney’s fees to

Rhoades.