# Stakeholder Workshop: Aerosols Sector March 19, 2013 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

# Introduction

• Why aerosols, why now?

– First in series of stakeholder workshops


# • Goals of Meeting

– Present and future for sector transitions

– Inform the SNAP team and Vintaging Model

– Two
- way dialogue

2

# Scope of Meeting

• Aerosols Sector

– Implementing Montreal Protocol & Clean Air Act

• Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program

• Vintaging Model

– How we collect and use information


## • Discussion

3

# CAA Title VI Aerosol Milestones

• Pre
- 1978: CFCs, other ODS used by aerosol industry
- excellent mixing, solvating & dispersing properties

– Propellant: CFC
- 12, Solvents: CFC
- 11,
- 113, methyl chloroform

– By 1974, about half CFC production for aerosol industry, majority for personal hygiene products (e.g., deodorants, perfumes, hairsprays)

– 1975: Major aerosol manufacturer eliminated CFC propellants


## • 1978: U.S. bans CFC propellants

• 1987: Montreal Protocol signed

• 1990: Clean Air Act amended

– 1994: U.S. bans CFC & HCFC propellants and sovents; and establishes SNAP program 4

# Identifying Safer Alternatives Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program

• Evaluates substitutes that reduce overall risk to human health & environment in industrial sectors

– Aerosols, Foams, Refrigeration and A/C, Solvents, Fire Suppression, Adhesives, coatings, inks, etc.


### • 400+ substitutes reviewed considering:

– Ozone
- depleting potential

– Global warming potential

– Flammability

– Toxicity

– local air quality

– Ecosystem effects

– Occupational & consumer health/safety 5

# SNAP Listings

• SNAP lists alternatives as acceptable, unacceptable, or acceptable with conditions for use
• Alternatives include:

– Alternative chemicals/blends

– Alternative technologies (e.g., thermoelectric)



## • Next generation alternatives

– Many climate
- friendly options


## • Currently SNAP has approximately 25 active submissions

– Numbers have been higher in recent years, particularly for foams, air
- conditioning, and refrigeration 6

# Why is SNAP So Busy Now?

• Opportunities to protect ozone layer & climate system

– Climate
- friendlier solutions being developed and deployed

– Corporate commitments to sustainability


## • Montreal Protocol milestones help drive technology

– 2010, 2013 and 2015 are all milestone years


## • Other global, regional & domestic activities, such as:

– North American Amendment proposal to address HFCs under the Montreal Protocol

– EU F
- gas rule

– Australian synthetic gas levy 7

# U.S. EPA Vintaging Model

• What? Tracks U.S. types of equipment and useful life practices (“end
- uses”) of ODS and substitutes

• Where? Major Sectors: Aerosols, Foams, Solvents , Fire Protection, Refrigeration/AC

• When? Tracks chemical from when first produced and placed into equipment or product (“consumption”) through servicing and use until finally recycled/released to atmosphere (“emissions”)

• Who? EPA tool developed with input from industry

– Other data sources (some CBI)

• Why ? Consumption and emissions of ODS and substitutes

8

# Vintaging Model – Uses

• Analysis of HCFC phaseout & servicing needs

– Estimated needs and available supplies (MP cap, recoverable)


## • Projections of consumption and emissions for alternatives (i.e., HFCs)

– What if scenarios


## • Reporting for international regimes

– Consumption and emissions

9Foam Blowing Fire Protection Solvents Aerosols Ref/AC 

### ODS Substitutes

Flexible Polyurethane

Extruded Polystyrene

Phenolic PU/PIR Boardstock Total Flooding Streaming Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) Non - Medical

Dusters Deodorants Metals Electronics Precision

Polyolefin Rigid PU Commercial Refrigeration Integral Skin Slabstock / Moulded
Boardstock Foam Sheet Foam
Domestic Refrigeration

Spray Foam One Component
Slabstock Domestic Refrigerator/ Freezer Insulation Continuous & Discontinuous Panels

10Aerosols Foam Solvents Ref/AC 

### ODS Substitutes Fire

Commercial Refrig Domestic Refrig Industrial Process Refrigeration Stationary AC Transport Refrig

Mobile AC

Supermarkets Condensing Units

Stand - Alone Units

Ice Makers Display Cases Vending Machines Systems/Chillers Cold Storage Road Rail Ships Containers Residential

Small Commercial

Large Commercial Reciprocating Dehumidifiers Window Units Central AC/HP

Ground - Source HP

PTAC/PTHP Large Unitary Small Unitary Scrolls Screw Centrifugal

CFC - 11 CFC - 12 Mini - Splits Trucks

Buses Trains

Light Duty

Cars Trucks/SUVs School/Tour Transit

11Foam Blowing Fire Protection Solvents Aerosols

Ref/AC 

### ODS Substitutes

Flexible Polyurethane

Extruded Polystyrene Total Flooding Streaming Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) Non - Medical Dusters? Deodorants? Metals Electronics Precision Integral Skin Slabstock / Moulded

Mobile AC Stationary AC Buses Light Duty

Cars Trucks/SUVs Trains Centrifugal Chillers

CFC - 11 CFC - 12 What is the best way to categorize the Aerosols Sector? 12

# Market Characterization

Questions

• Should EPA refine our aerosol categories? Currently:

– Aerosol sector only includes propellants; aerosol solvents considered with solvents

– 2 categories: MDIs & all other aerosols

– 100% emission 1 year after production


### • Should aerosol solvents be tracked as part of the aerosols sector or the solvent sector?

• Should EPA sub
- divide aerosols into broad categories? E.g.,:

• Consumer; Technical; Medical (further divide MDI/non
- MDI?)

• Continue with a single broad characterization but track exceptions (e.g., most of emissions are exemption in a single year except tire inflators, leak stop, etc.)


### • Should EPA refine emission assumptions?

– Should we differentiated (e.g., tire inflators)

– Example from other sector: A/C equipment, assumes varying lifetimes 13

# Additional Discussion

Questions

• Are additional sector transitions expected?

– Transition within the current suite of alternatives?

– Should SNAP anticipate additional aerosol submissions?

• One climate
- friendly alternative was recently added



### – Are there barriers to transition precluding potential changes?


## • What benefits have you seen from making the transition?

– Decreased cost? Support sustainability goals? Better for the environment, performance?


## • What additional information can be provided by individual companies or by trade associations to improve Vintaging Model or ensure our SNAP is prepared? 14

# Discussion