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In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

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NO. 09-17-00201-CR

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DOROTHY CARTER, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

________________________________________________________________________

On Appeal from the 356th District Court

Hardin County, Texas

Trial Cause No. 23514

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MEMORANDUM OPINION

A Hardin County grand jury indicted Dorothy Carter for the offense of 

possession of a controlled substance, specifically methamphetamine, with intent to 

deliver in an amount greater than one gram but less than four grams, a second-degree 

felony. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 481.102(6) (West Supp. 2018);

481.112(a), (c) (West 2017). Carter pled not guilty. A jury found her guilty of the 

lesser-included offense of possession of a controlled substance, a third-degree 
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felony. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 481.115(a), (c) (West 2017). The trial 

judge assessed punishment at ten years confinement in TDCJ but placed Carter on 

probation for ten years. In one issue on appeal, Carter asserts the trial court erred in 

denying her motion for instructed verdict because the State failed to prove each 

element beyond a reasonable doubt in that it failed to establish the requisite 

affirmative links to prove care, custody, and control equating to possession.

Background

On January 5, 2015, narcotics officers with the Hardin County Sheriff’s Office 

(HCSO) went to the residence Carter shared with her husband, Bobby, to notify them 

their residence was being seized pursuant to Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 

chapter 59. Because the front door was padlocked, former HCSO Sergeant Charles 

Daigle indicated he and his partner, Sergeant Mark Vincent, knocked on the back 

door of the residence and announced they were law enforcement. Sergeant Daigle 

and Sergeant Vincent, testified that when Carter answered the door, they explained 

they were there to seize the house and property. 

Sergeant Vincent stated the back door of the residence went straight into the 

master bedroom, and when Carter opened the door, Sergeant Daigle noticed the 

“distinct smell of burnt marijuana” leading him to believe someone smoked 

marijuana in the home recently. Sergeant Vincent also testified he smelled the strong 
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odor of burnt marijuana coming from the residence. When the officers spoke with

Bobby, one of them asked “[w]here is the dope?” Sergeant Daigle testified that after 

Bobby responded, they entered the residence and observed illegal narcotics,

specifically methamphetamine and marijuana, in various places in the master 

bedroom in plain sight. They conducted a presumptive field test of the items, which 

revealed the presence of methamphetamine. The officers found the methamphetamine packaged in four small plastic baggies inside a red and white cigarette 

box on a nightstand in the master bedroom. When asked if the cigarette box was in 

plain view, Sergeant Daigle responded “yes, . . . behind the lamp[.]” The marijuana 

was packaged in two larger plastic bags. In addition to narcotics, officers found two 

digital scales in the master bedroom near the drugs.

Minh Nguyen testified as the State’s expert. Nguyen is a DPS chemist who 

tested the substances retrieved from Carter’s residence. Nguyen described the tests 

he conducted, and he confirmed the substance from the four small bags tested 

positive for methamphetamines. Nguyen indicated the net weight was 1.75 grams. 

After the State rested, the defense moved for an instructed verdict of not guilty 

asserting the State failed to present evidence of care, custody, control, or knowledge, 

and there was no affirmative link between Carter and the drugs. The trial court 

denied the motion for instructed verdict. The jury convicted Carter of the lesser-
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included offense of possession of a controlled substance in an amount greater than 

one gram but less than four grams. The trial judge sentenced Carter to ten years in 

TDCJ but placed her on probation for a period of ten years.

Standard of Review

On appeal, Carter argues the trial court improperly denied her motion for 

instructed verdict. We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for directed verdict 

as a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence. See Williams v. State, 937 

S.W.2d 479, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (citing Cook v. State, 858 S.W.2d 467, 470 

(Tex. Crim. App. 1993)); Andrus v. State, 495 S.W.3d 300, 304 (Tex. App.—

Beaumont 2016, no pet.). Upon a claim of legal insufficiency of the evidence, we 

review the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether 

any rational factfinder could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond 

a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); see also Brooks 

v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 899, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010); Hooper v. State, 214 

S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). In a legal sufficiency review, we examine all 

evidence in the record, direct and circumstantial, whether admissible or 

inadmissible. Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). The 

jury is the sole judge of the witnesses’ credibility and weight given to their 

testimony, and we will defer to the jury on those matters. See Tate v. State, 500 
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S.W.3d 410, 413 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). Juries may draw multiple reasonable 

inferences so long as each inference is supported by the evidence presented at trial. 

Id. 

Analysis

To establish its case for possession of a controlled substance, the State must 

prove Carter exercised care, control, or management over the methamphetamine and 

knew the substance was methamphetamine. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 

481.002(38) (West 2017); 481.115(a); Poindexter v. State, 153 S.W.3d 402, 405 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2005), abrogated on other grounds by Robinson v. State, 466 

S.W.3d 166, 173 & n.32 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015). The evidence must show the 

defendant’s connection with the drug was more than just fortuitous, which is the 

“affirmative links” rule. Poindexter, 153 S.W.3d at 405–06; Nixon v. State, 928 

S.W.2d 212, 215 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1996, no pet.). In cases where a defendant 

does not have exclusive possession of the place where the controlled substance is 

discovered, additional facts beyond mere presence must link her to the illegal 

substance. Tate, 500 S.W.3d at 413–14. The State is not required to prove exclusive 

possession of the contraband as control may be jointly exercised by more than one 

person. McGoldrick v. State, 682 S.W.2d 573, 578 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). 
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Some factors courts consider when determining the establishment of 

affirmative links include: 

(1) the defendant’s presence when a search is conducted; (2) whether 

the contraband was in plain view; (3) the defendant’s proximity to and 

the accessibility of the narcotic; (4) whether the defendant was under 

the influence of narcotics when arrested; (5) whether the defendant 

possessed other contraband or narcotics when arrested; (6) whether the 

defendant made incriminating statements when arrested; (7) whether 

the defendant attempted to flee; (8) whether the defendant made furtive 

gestures; (9) whether there was an odor of contraband; (10) whether 

other contraband or drug paraphernalia were present; (11) whether the 

defendant owned or had the right to possess the place where the drugs 

were found; (12) whether the place where the drugs were found was 

enclosed; (13) whether the defendant was found with a large amount of 

cash; and (14) whether the conduct of the defendant indicated a 

consciousness of guilt.

Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d 158, 162 n.12 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); see also Tate, 

500 S.W.3d at 414. “It is . . . not the number of links that is dispositive, but rather 

the logical force of all the evidence, direct and circumstantial.” Evans, 202 S.W.3d

at 162.

Looking to the “affirmative links” factors, Carter shared the home with her 

husband and was in the home when the officers entered and searched the home. The 

methamphetamine was found in a cigarette box in plain view on the nightstand of 

the master bedroom she shared with her husband. The methamphetamine was 

packaged in small plastic bags. Digital scales and small plastic bags were found in 

the master bedroom near the methamphetamine, which officers indicated were often 
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used to weigh and package narcotics to sell. In addition to the methamphetamine, 

marijuana was found in Carter’s home, and officers smelled a strong odor of burnt 

marijuana when Carter opened the door. The logical force of the evidence establishes 

an affirmative link between Carter and the methamphetamine. See id. Moreover, the 

State is not required to establish Carter had exclusive possession of the 

methamphetamine. See McGoldrick, 682 S.W.2d at 578. 

When viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict, 

we determine the evidence is sufficient for a rational fact finder to conclude beyond 

a reasonable doubt Carter knowingly possessed methamphetamine. See Tex. Health 

& Safety Code Ann. §§ 481.102(6); 481.115(a); Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 912. The 

trial court did not err in denying Carter’s motion for instructed verdict. We overrule 

her sole issue.

Conclusion

We conclude the evidence was legally sufficient to support the jury’s verdict 

convicting Carter of possession of a controlled substance. Accordingly, the trial 

court did not err in denying Carter’s motion for instructed verdict. Although we 

affirm the trial court’s judgment, we determine it should be reformed. The trial 

court’s judgment incorrectly states Carter was convicted of possession of a 

controlled substance with intent to deliver in an amount of one gram or more but less 
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than four grams in violation of Texas Health and Safety Code section 481.112. See

Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 481.112(a). The trial court’s judgment further 

indicates the offense was a second-degree felony. See id § 481.112(c). However, the 

jury convicted Carter of the lesser-included offense of possession of a controlled 

substance, specifically methamphetamine, in an amount of one gram or more but 

less than four grams in violation of Texas Health and Code section 481.115, which 

is a third-degree felony. See id. § 481.115(a), (c). This Court has the authority to 

reform the trial court’s judgment to correct clerical errors. See Bigley v. State, 865 

S.W.2d 26, 27 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Therefore, we delete “WITH INTENT TO 

DELIVER” from the section of the judgment entitled “Offense for which Defendant 

Convicted” and leave “POSSESSION OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE PG1 

ONE GRAM OR MORE BUT LESS THAN FOUR GRAMS[.]” We further delete 

“2ND DEGREE FELONY” from the section of the judgment entitled “Degree of 

Offense” and substitute “3RD DEGREE FELONY.” Finally, we delete “481.112” 

from the section entitled “Statute for Offense” and substitute “481.115[.]” We affirm 

the trial court’s judgment as reformed.

AFFIRMED AS REFORMED.

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 CHARLES KREGER 

 Justice
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Submitted on August 21, 2018

Opinion Delivered November 7, 2018

Do Not Publish

Before Kreger, Horton, and Johnson, JJ.