I 

115TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1291 

To provide for the admission of the State of Washington, D.C. into the 

Union. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 1, 2017 

Ms. NORTON (for herself, Ms. ADAMS, Ms. BASS, Mrs. BEATTY, Mr. BEYER, 

Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Ms. BONAMICI, Ms. 

BORDALLO, Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania, Mr. BROWN of Maryland, Ms. 

BROWNLEY of California, Mr. BUTTERFIELD, Mr. CARSON of Indiana, 

Mr. CARTWRIGHT, Ms. JUDY CHU of California, Mr. CICILLINE, Ms. 

CLARK of Massachusetts, Ms. CLARKE of New York, Mr. CLAY, Mr. 

CLEAVER, Mr. CLYBURN, Mr. COHEN, Mr. CONNOLLY, Mr. CONYERS, 

Mr. COURTNEY, Mr. CROWLEY, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. DANNY K. DAVIS

of Illinois, Mr. DEFAZIO, Ms. DEGETTE, Mr. DELANEY, Ms. DELAURO, 

Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. DEUTCH, Mr. ELLISON, Mr. ENGEL, Ms. ESHOO, 

Ms. FRANKEL of Florida, Ms. FUDGE, Mr. GALLEGO, Mr. AL GREEN of 

Texas, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. GUTIE ́RREZ, Ms. HANABUSA, Mr. HASTINGS, 

Mr. HUFFMAN, Ms. JACKSON LEE, Mr. JEFFRIES, Ms. EDDIE BERNICE

JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. KAPTUR, Ms. KELLY

of Illinois, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. KILMER, Mr. LANGEVIN, Mr. LARSON of 

Connecticut, Mrs. LAWRENCE, Ms. LEE, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. TED LIEU of California, Mr. LIPINSKI, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. 

LOWENTHAL, Mrs. LOWEY, Ms. MICHELLE LUJAN GRISHAM of New 

Mexico, Mr. LYNCH, Mrs. CAROLYN B. MALONEY of New York, Ms. 

MCCOLLUM, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. MCNERNEY, Mr. MEEKS, Ms. MOORE, 

Mr. NADLER, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. O’ROURKE, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. PERLMUTTER, Mr. PETERS, Ms. 

PLASKETT, Mr. POCAN, Mr. POLIS, Mr. PRICE of North Carolina, Mr. 

RASKIN, Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Mr. RUSH, Mr. RYAN of 

Ohio, Mr. SABLAN, Ms. SA ́NCHEZ, Mr. SARBANES, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, 

Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. SERRANO, Ms. SEWELL of Alabama, Ms. 

SLAUGHTER, Ms. SPEIER, Mr. TAKANO, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, 

Mr. TONKO, Ms. TSONGAS, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. VEASEY, Ms. VELA ́ZQUEZ, 

Mr. WALZ, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Ms. MAXINE WATERS of California, Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Mr. WELCH, Ms. WILSON of Florida, 

Mr. YARMUTH, Mr. QUIGLEY, and Mr. LARSEN of Washington) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the Committee on 


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Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each 

case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of 

the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To provide for the admission of the State of Washington, 

D.C. into the Union. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Washington, D.C. Admission Act’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

TITLE I—STATE OF WASHINGTON, D.C. 

Subtitle A—Procedures for Admission 

Sec. 101. Admission into the Union. 

Sec. 102. Election of officials of State. 

Sec. 103. Issuance of presidential proclamation. 

Subtitle B—Description of Washington, D.C. Territory 

Sec. 111. Territories and boundaries of Washington, D.C.. 

Sec. 112. Description of District of Columbia after admission of State. 

Sec. 113. Continuation of title to lands and property. 

Subtitle C—General Provisions Relating to Laws of Washington, D.C. 

Sec. 121. Limitation on authority of State to tax Federal property. 

Sec. 122. Effect of admission of State on current laws. 

Sec. 123. Continuation of judicial proceedings. 

Sec. 124. United States nationality. 

TITLE II—RESPONSIBILITIES AND INTERESTS OF FEDERAL 

GOVERNMENT 


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Sec. 201. Continuation of revised District of Columbia as seat of Federal Government. 

Sec. 202. Treatment of military lands. 

Sec. 203. Waiver of claims to Federal lands and property. 

Sec. 204. Permitting individuals residing in new seat of government to vote in 

Federal elections in State of most recent domicile. 

Sec. 205. Repeal of law providing for participation of District of Columbia in 

election of President and Vice-President. 

Sec. 206. Expedited procedures for consideration of constitutional amendment 

repealing 23rd Amendment. 

TITLE III—GENERAL PROVISIONS 

Sec. 301. General definitions. 

Sec. 302. Certification of enactment by President. 

1 TITLE I—STATE OF 

2 WASHINGTON, D.C. 

3 Subtitle A—Procedures for 

4 Admission 

5 SEC. 101. ADMISSION INTO THE UNION. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the provisions of this 

7 Act, upon issuance of the proclamation required by section 

8 103(b), the State of Washington, Douglass Common9 wealth is declared to be a State of the United States of 

10 America, and is declared admitted into the Union on an 

11 equal footing with the other States in all respects what12 ever. 

13 (b) CONSTITUTION OF STATE.—The State Constitu14 tion shall always be republican in form and shall not be 

15 repugnant to the Constitution of the United States and 

16 the principles of the Declaration of Independence. 

17 SEC. 102. ELECTION OF OFFICIALS OF STATE. 

18 (a) ISSUANCE OF PROCLAMATION.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not more than 30 days after 

2 receiving certification of the enactment of this Act 

3 from the President pursuant to section 302, the 

4 Mayor of the District of Columbia shall issue a proc5 lamation for the first elections, subject to the provi6 sions of this section, for two Senators and one Rep7 resentative in Congress. 

8 (2) SPECIAL RULE FOR ELECTION OF SEN9 ATORS.—In the election of Senators from the State 

10 pursuant to paragraph (1), the 2 Senate offices shall 

11 be separately identified and designated, and no per12 son may be a candidate for both offices. No such 

13 identification or designation of either of the offices 

14 shall refer to or be taken to refer to the terms of 

15 such offices, or in any way impair the privilege of 

16 the Senate to determine the class to which each of 

17 the Senators elected shall be assigned. 

18 (b) RULES FOR CONDUCTING ELECTION.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The proclamation of the 

20 Mayor issued under subsection (a) shall provide for 

21 the holding of a primary election and a general elec22 tion and at such elections the officers required to be 

23 elected as provided in subsection (a) shall be chosen 

24 by the qualified electors of the District of Columbia 

25 in the manner required by law. 


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1 (2) CERTIFICATION OF RETURNS.—Election re2 turns shall be made and certified in the manner re3 quired by law, except that the Mayor shall also cer4 tify the results of such elections to the President of 

5 the United States. 

6 (c) ASSUMPTION OF DUTIES.—Upon the admission 

7 of the State into the Union, the Senators and Representa8 tive elected at the election described in subsection (a) shall 

9 be entitled to be admitted to seats in Congress and to all 

10 the rights and privileges of Senators and Representatives 

11 of other States in the Congress of the United States. 

12 (d) TRANSFER OF OFFICES OF MAYOR AND MEM13 BERS AND CHAIR OF COUNCIL.—Upon the admission of 

14 the State into the Union, the Mayor, members of the 

15 Council, and the Chair of the Council at the time of admis16 sion shall be deemed the Governor, members of the Legis17 lative Assembly, and the Speaker of the Legislative As18 sembly of the State, respectively, as provided by the State 

19 Constitution and the laws of the State. 

20 (e) CONTINUATION OF AUTHORITY AND DUTIES AND

21 JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.—Upon the admis22 sion of the State into the Union, members of executive 

23 and judicial offices of the District of Columbia shall be 

24 deemed members of the respective executive and judicial 


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1 offices of the State, as provided by the State Constitution 

2 and the laws of the State. 

3 (f) SPECIAL RULE FOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTA4 TIVES MEMBERSHIP.—The State upon its admission into 

5 the Union shall be entitled to one Representative until the 

6 taking effect of the next reapportionment, and such Rep7 resentative shall be in addition to the membership of the 

8 House of Representatives as prescribed by law on the day 

9 before the date of enactment of this Act, except that such 

10 temporary increase in the membership shall not operate 

11 to either increase or decrease the permanent membership 

12 of the House of Representatives or affect the basis of ap13 portionment for the Congress. 

14 SEC. 103. ISSUANCE OF PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President, upon certification 

16 of the returns of the election of the officers required to 

17 be elected as provided in section 102(a), shall, not later 

18 than 90 days after receiving such certification, issue a 

19 proclamation announcing the results of such elections as 

20 so ascertained. 

21 (b) ADMISSION OF STATE UPON ISSUANCE OF PROC22 LAMATION.—Upon the issuance of the proclamation by the 

23 President under subsection (a), the State shall be deemed 

24 admitted into the Union as provided in section 101. 


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1 Subtitle B—Description of 

2 Washington, D.C. Territory 

3 SEC. 111. TERRITORIES AND BOUNDARIES OF WASH4 INGTON, D.C.. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 

6 (b), the State shall consist of all of the territory of the 

7 District of Columbia as of the date of the enactment of 

8 this Act, subject to the results of the technical survey con9 ducted under subsection (c). 

10 (b) EXCLUSION OF PORTION OF DISTRICT OF CO11 LUMBIA REMAINING AS NATIONAL CAPITAL.—The terri12 tory of the State shall not include the area described in 

13 section 112, which shall remain as the District of Colum14 bia for purposes of serving as the seat of the Government 

15 of the United States. 

16 (c) TECHNICAL SURVEY.—Not later than 180 days 

17 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

18 (in consultation with the Chair of the National Capital 

19 Planning Commission) shall conduct a technical survey of 

20 the metes and bounds of the District of Columbia and of 

21 the territory described in section 112(b). 

22 SEC. 112. DESCRIPTION OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AFTER 

23 ADMISSION OF STATE. 

24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (c), after 

25 the admission of the State into the Union, the District 


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1 of Columbia shall consist of the property described in sub2 section (b) and shall include the principal Federal monu3 ments, the White House, the Capitol Building, the United 

4 States Supreme Court Building, and the Federal execu5 tive, legislative, and judicial office buildings located adja6 cent to the Mall and the Capitol Building (as such terms 

7 are used in section 8501(a) of title 40, United States 

8 Code). 

9 (b) SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF METES AND

10 BOUNDS.—After the admission of the State into the 

11 Union, the specific metes and bounds of the District of 

12 Columbia shall be as follows: Beginning at the intersection 

13 of the southern right-of-way of F Street NE and the east14 ern right-of-way of 2nd Street NE; 

15 (1) thence south along said eastern right-of-way 

16 of 2nd Street NE to the eastern right-of-way of 2nd 

17 Street SE; 

18 (2) thence south along said eastern right-of-way 

19 of 2nd Street SE to its intersection with the north20 ern property boundary of the property designated as 

21 Square 760 Lot 803; 

22 (3) thence east along said northern property 

23 boundary of Square 760 Lot 803 to its intersection 

24 with the western right-of-way of 3rd Street SE; 


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1 (4) thence south along said western right-of2 way of 3rd Street SE to its intersection with the 

3 northern right-of-way of Independence Avenue SE; 

4 (5) thence west along said northern right-of5 way of Independence Avenue SE to its intersection 

6 with the eastern right-of-way of 2nd Street SE; 

7 (6) thence south along said eastern right-of way 

8 of 2nd Street SE to its intersection with the south9 ern right-of-way of C Street SE; 

10 (7) thence west along said southern right-of11 way of C Street SE to its intersection with the east12 ern right-of-way of 1st Street SE; 

13 (8) thence south along said eastern right-of-way 

14 of 1st Street SE to its intersection with the southern 

15 right-of-way of D Street SE; 

16 (9) thence west along said southern right-of17 way of D Street SE to its intersection with the west18 ern right-of-way of South Capitol Street; 

19 (10) thence south along said western right-of20 way of South Capitol Street to its intersection with 

21 the southwestern right-of-way of the northwest22 bound lanes of Canal Street SE; 

23 (11) thence southeast along said southwestern 

24 right-of-way of the northwest-bound lanes of Canal 


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1 Street SE to its intersection with the southern right2 of-way of E Street SE; 

3 (12) thence east along said southern right-of4 way of said E Street SE to its intersection with the 

5 western right-of-way of 1st Street SE; 

6 (13) thence south along said western right-of7 way of 1st Street SE to its intersection with the 

8 southernmost corner of the property designated as 

9 Square 736S Lot 801. 

10 (14) thence west along a line extended due west 

11 from said corner of said property designated as 

12 Square 736S Lot 801 to its intersection with the 

13 southwestern right-of-way of New Jersey Avenue 

14 SE; 

15 (15) thence southeast along said southwestern 

16 right-of-way of New Jersey Avenue SE to its inter17 section with the northwestern right-of-way of Vir18 ginia Avenue SE; 

19 (16) thence northwest along said northwestern 

20 right-of-way of Virginia Avenue SE to its intersec21 tion with the eastern right-of-way of South Capitol 

22 Street; 

23 (17) thence north along said eastern right-of24 way of South Capitol Street to its intersection with 

25 the southern right-of-way of E Street SE; 


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1 (18) thence west along a line extending west2 ward said southern right-of-way of E Street SE to 

3 its intersection with the western right-of-way of 

4 South Capitol Street; 

5 (19) thence north along said western right-of6 way of South Capitol Street to its intersection with 

7 the southwestern right-of-way of Washington Avenue 

8 SW; 

9 (20) thence northwest along said southwestern 

10 right-of-way of Washington Avenue SW to its inter11 section with the southeastern boundary of the prop12 erty designated as Square 640 Lot 70; 

13 (21) thence clockwise around said boundary of 

14 said property designated as Square 640 Lot 70 to 

15 its northernmost point; 

16 (22) thence generally northeast along a line ex17 tending the boundary of said property designated as 

18 Square 640 Lot 70 northeast to its intersection with 

19 the southwestern right-of-way of Washington Avenue 

20 SW; 

21 (23) thence northwest along said southwestern 

22 right-of-way of Washington Avenue SW to its inter23 section with a line extending northward the western 

24 boundary of the property designated as Square 582 

25 Lot 49; 


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1 (24) thence south along said line extending 

2 northward the western boundary of said property 

3 designated as Square 582 Lot 49 to the north4 western corner of said property designated as 

5 Square 582 Lot 49; 

6 (25) thence clockwise along the boundary of 

7 said property designated as Square 582 Lot 49 to 

8 its southwestern corner; 

9 (26) thence west along a line extended west 

10 from said southwestern corner of said property des11 ignated as Square 582 Lot 49 to its intersection 

12 with the western right-of-way of 2nd Street SW; 

13 (27) thence south along said western right-of14 way of 2nd Street SW to its intersection with the 

15 southwestern right-of-way of Virginia Avenue SW; 

16 (28) thence northwest along said southwestern 

17 right-of-way of Virginia Avenue SW to its intersec18 tion with the western right-of-way of 3rd Street SW; 

19 (29) thence north along said western right-of20 way of 3rd Street SW to its intersection with the 

21 northern right-of-way of D Street SW; 

22 (30) thence west along said northern right-of23 way of D Street SW to its intersection with the east24 ern right-of-way of 4th Street SW; 


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1 (31) thence north along said eastern right-of2 way of 4th Street SW to its intersection with the 

3 northern right-of-way of C Street SW; 

4 (32) thence west along said northern right-of5 way of C Street SW to its intersection with the east6 ern right-of-way of 6th Street SW; 

7 (33) thence north along said eastern right-of8 way of 6th Street SW to its intersection with the 

9 northern right-of-way of Independence Avenue SW; 

10 (34) thence west along said northern right-of11 way of Independence Avenue SW to its intersection 

12 with the western right-of-way of 12th Street SW; 

13 (35) thence south along said western right-of14 way of 12th Street SW to its intersection with the 

15 northern right-of-way of D Street SW; 

16 (36) thence west along said northern right-of17 way of D Street SW to its intersection with the 

18 western right-of-way of 14th Street SW; 

19 (37) thence south along said western right-of20 way of 14th Street SW to its end at the south21 eastern corner of the property designated as Square 

22 231 Lot 802; 

23 (38) thence northwest along the southwest 

24 boundary of said property designated as Square 231 


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1 Lot 802 to its first intersection with a corner of the 

2 property designated as Federal Reservation 2; 

3 (39) thence southwest along the boundary of 

4 said property designated as Federal Reservation 2 to 

5 its southernmost point; 

6 (40) thence southwest and west along the 

7 northwestern edge of pavement of the southbound 

8 lanes of 14th Street SW to the point where said 

9 southbound lanes of 14th Street SW merge with the 

10 southbound lanes of Interstate 395; 

11 (41) thence continuing southwest along the 

12 northwestern edge of pavement of the southbound 

13 lanes of Interstate 395 to its intersection with the 

14 eastern shore of the Potomac River; 

15 (42) thence generally northwest along said east16 ern shore of the Potomac River to its intersection 

17 with a line extending westward the northern bound18 ary of the property designated as Square 12 Lot 

19 806; 

20 (43) thence east along said line extending west21 ward the northern boundary of the property des22 ignated as Square 12 Lot 806 to the northern prop23 erty boundary of the property designated as Square 

24 12 Lot 806, and continuing east along said northern 


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1 boundary of said property designated as Square 12 

2 Lot 806 to its northeast corner; 

3 (44) thence east along a line extending east 

4 from said property designated as Square 12 Lot 806 

5 to its intersection with the western boundary of the 

6 property designated as Square 33 Lot 87; 

7 (45) thence south along said western boundary 

8 of the property designated as Square 33 Lot 87 to 

9 its intersection with the northwest corner of the 

10 property designated as Square 33 Lot 88; 

11 (46) thence counter-clockwise around the 

12 boundary of said property designated as Square 33 

13 Lot 88 to its southeast corner, which it shares with 

14 the property designated as Square 33 Lot 87; 

15 (47) thence east along the southern boundary 

16 of said property designated as Square 33 Lot 87 to 

17 its southeast corner; 

18 (48) thence south along a line running due 

19 south from said southeast corner of the property 

20 designated as Square 33 Lot 87 to its intersection 

21 with the southern edge of pavement of E Street NW; 

22 (49) thence east along said southern edge of 

23 pavement E Street NW to its intersection with the 

24 western right-of-way of 18th Street NW; 


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1 (50) thence south along said western right-of2 way of 18th Street NW to its intersection with the 

3 southwestern right-of-way of Virginia Avenue NW; 

4 (51) thence southeast along said southwestern 

5 right-of-way of Virginia Avenue NW to its intersec6 tion with the northern right-of-way of Constitution 

7 Avenue NW; 

8 (52) thence continuing southeast along a line 

9 extending the southwestern right-of-way of Virginia 

10 Avenue NW to its intersection with the southern 

11 right-of-way of Constitution Avenue NW; 

12 (53) thence east along said southern right-of13 way of Constitution Avenue NW to its intersection 

14 with the eastern right-of-way of 17th Street NW; 

15 (54) thence north along said eastern right-of16 way of 17th Street NW to its intersection with the 

17 southern right-of-way of H Street NW; 

18 (55) thence east along said southern right-of19 way of H Street NW to its intersection with the 

20 northwest corner of the property designated as 

21 Square 221 Lot 35; 

22 (56) thence counter-clockwise around the 

23 boundary of said property designated as Square 221 

24 Lot 35 to its southeast corner, which is along the 


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1 boundary of the property designated as Square 221 

2 Lot 37; 

3 (57) thence counter-clockwise around the 

4 boundary of said property designated as Square 221 

5 Lot 37 to its southwest corner, which it shares with 

6 the property designated as Square 221 Lot 818; 

7 (58) thence south along the boundary of said 

8 property designated as Square 221 Lot 818 to its 

9 southwest corner, which it shares with the property 

10 designated as Square 221 Lot 809; 

11 (59) thence south along the boundary of said 

12 property designated as Square 221 Lot 809 to its 

13 southwest corner, which it shares with the property 

14 designated as Square 221 Lot 800; 

15 (60) thence counter-clockwise along the bound16 ary of said property designated as Square 221 Lot 

17 800 to its southwest corner, which it shares with the 

18 property designated as Square 221 Lot 810; 

19 (61) thence counter-clockwise along the bound20 ary of said property designated as Square 221 Lot 

21 810 to its southwest corner, which is along the 

22 northern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW; 

23 (62) thence east along said northern right-of24 way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW to its intersection 

25 with the western right-of-way of 15th Street NW; 


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1 (63) thence south along said western right-of2 way of 15th Street NW to its intersection with a line 

3 extending northwest from the southern right-of-way 

4 of the portion of Pennsylvania Avenue NW north of 

5 Pershing Square; 

6 (64) thence southeast along said line extending 

7 the southern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue 

8 NW to the southern right-of-way of Pennsylvania 

9 Avenue NW and continuing southeast along said 

10 southern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW 

11 to its intersection with the western right-of-way of 

12 14th Street NW; 

13 (65) thence south along said western right-of14 way of 14th Street NW to its intersection with a line 

15 extending west from the southern right-of-way of D 

16 Street NW; 

17 (66) thence east along said line extending west 

18 from the southern right-of-way of D Street NW to 

19 the southern right-of-way of D Street NW, and con20 tinuing east along said southern right-of-way of D 

21 Street NW to its intersection with the eastern rightof-way of 131 22 ⁄2 Street NW; 

23 (67) thence north along said eastern right-ofway of 131 24 ⁄2 Street NW to its intersection with the 

25 southern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW; 


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1 (68) thence east and southeast along said 

2 southern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW 

3 to its intersection with the western right-of-way of 

4 12th Street NW; 

5 (69) thence south along said western right-of6 way of 12th Street NW to its intersection with a line 

7 extending to the west the southern boundary of the 

8 property designated as Square 324 Lot 809; 

9 (70) thence east along said line to the south10 west corner of said property designated as Square 

11 324 Lot 809, and continuing northeast along the 

12 southern boundary of said property designated as 

13 Square 324 Lot 809 to its eastern corner, which it 

14 shares with the property designated as Square 323 

15 Lot 802; 

16 (71) thence east along the southern boundary 

17 of said property designated as Square 323 Lot 802 

18 to its southeast corner, which it shares with the 

19 property designated as Square 324 Lot 808; 

20 (72) thence counter-clockwise around the 

21 boundary of said property designated as Square 324 

22 Lot 808 to its northeastern corner along the south23 ern right-of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW; 


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1 (73) thence southeast along said southern right2 of-way of Pennsylvania Avenue NW to its intersec3 tion with the eastern right-of-way of 4th Street NW; 

4 (74) thence north along a line extending north 

5 from said eastern right-of-way of 4th Street NW to 

6 its intersection with a line extending west from the 

7 southern right-of-way of C Street NW; 

8 (75) thence east along said line extending west 

9 from the southern right-of-way of C Street NW to 

10 the southern right-of-way of C Street NW, and con11 tinuing east along said southern right-of-way of C 

12 Street NW to its intersection with the eastern right13 of-way of 3rd Street NW; 

14 (76) thence north along said eastern right-of15 way of 3rd Street NW to its intersection with the 

16 southern right-of-way of D Street NW; 

17 (77) thence east along said southern right-of18 way of D Street NW to its intersection with the 

19 western right of way of 1st Street NW; 

20 (78) thence south along said western right-of21 way of 1st Street NW to its intersection with the 

22 northern right-of-way of C Street NW; 

23 (79) thence west along said northern right-of24 way of C Street NW to its intersection with the 

25 western right-of-way of 2nd Street NW; 


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1 (80) thence south along said western right-of2 way of 2nd Street NW to its intersection with the 

3 northern right-of-way of Constitution Avenue NW; 

4 (81) thence east along said northern right-of5 way of Constitution Avenue NW to its intersection 

6 with the northwestern right-of-way of Louisiana Av7 enue NW; 

8 (82) thence northeast along said northwestern 

9 right-of-way of Louisiana Avenue NW to its inter10 section with the southwestern right-of-way of New 

11 Jersey Avenue NW; 

12 (83) thence northwest along said southwestern 

13 right-of-way of New Jersey Avenue NW to its inter14 section with the northern right-of-way of D Street 

15 NW; 

16 (84) thence east along said northern right-of17 way of D Street NW to its intersection with the 

18 northwestern right-of-way of Louisiana Avenue NW; 

19 (85) thence northeast along said northwestern 

20 right-of-way of Louisiana Avenue NW to its inter21 section with the western right-of-way of North Cap22 itol Street; 

23 (86) thence north along said western right-of24 way of North Capitol Street to its intersection with 


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1 the southwestern right-of-way of Massachusetts Ave2 nue NW; 

3 (87) thence southeast along said southwestern 

4 right-of-way of Massachusetts Avenue NW to the 

5 southwestern right-of-way of Massachusetts Avenue 

6 NE; 

7 (88) thence southeast along said southwestern 

8 right-of-way of Massachusetts Avenue NE to the 

9 southwestern right-of-way of Columbus Circle NE; 

10 (89) thence counter-clockwise along said south11 western, then southern, southeastern, and eastern 

12 right-of-way of Columbus Circle NE to its intersec13 tion with the southern right-of way of F Street NE; 

14 and 

15 (90) thence east along said southern right-of16 way of F Street NE to the point of beginning. 

17 (c) EXCLUSION OF DISTRICT BUILDING.— 

18 (1) EXCLUSION.—Notwithstanding any other 

19 provision of this section, the District of Columbia 

20 shall not be considered to include the District Build21 ing after the admission of the State into the Union. 

22 (2) DISTRICT BUILDING DEFINED.—In para23 graph (1), the term ‘‘District Building’’ means the 

24 John A. Wilson Building described and designated 

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1 duction Act of 1993 (sec. 10–1301(a), D.C. Official 

2 Code). 

3 SEC. 113. CONTINUATION OF TITLE TO LANDS AND PROP4 ERTY. 

5 (a) CONTINUATION OF TITLE TO LANDS OF DIS6 TRICT OF COLUMBIA.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The State and its political 

8 subdivisions shall have and retain title to, or juris9 diction over, for purposes of administration and 

10 maintenance, all property, real and personal, with 

11 respect to which title or jurisdiction for purposes of 

12 administration and maintenance is held by the Dis13 trict of Columbia on the day before the State is ad14 mitted into the Union. 

15 (2) CONVEYANCE OF INTEREST IN CERTAIN

16 BRIDGES AND TUNNELS.—On the day before the 

17 State is admitted into the Union, the District of Co18 lumbia shall convey to the United States any and all 

19 interest of the District of Columbia in any bridge or 

20 tunnel that will connect the Commonwealth of Vir21 ginia with the District of Columbia after the admis22 sion of the State into the Union. 

23 (b) CONTINUATION OF FEDERAL TITLE TO PROP24 ERTY IN STATE.—The United States shall have and retain 

25 title to, or jurisdiction over, for purposes of administration 


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1 and maintenance, all property in the State with respect 

2 to which the United States holds title or jurisdiction on 

3 the day before the State is admitted into the Union. 

4 Subtitle C—General Provisions Re5 lating to Laws of Washington, 

6 D.C. 

7 SEC. 121. LIMITATION ON AUTHORITY OF STATE TO TAX 

8 FEDERAL PROPERTY. 

9 The State may not impose any taxes upon any lands 

10 or other property owned or acquired by the United States, 

11 except to the extent as Congress may permit. 

12 SEC. 122. EFFECT OF ADMISSION OF STATE ON CURRENT 

13 LAWS. 

14 (a) LEGISLATIVE POWER OF STATE.—The legislative 

15 power of the State shall extend to all rightful subjects of 

16 legislation within the State, consistent with the Constitu17 tion of the United States (including the restrictions and 

18 limitations imposed upon the States by article I, section 

19 10) and subject to the provisions of this Act. 

20 (b) TREATMENT OF FEDERAL LAWS.—To the extent 

21 that any law of the United States applies to the States 

22 generally, the law shall have the same force and effect 

23 within the State as elsewhere in the United States, except 

24 as such law may otherwise provide. 


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1 SEC. 123. CONTINUATION OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 

2 (a) PENDING PROCEEDINGS.— 

3 (1) IN GENERAL.—No writ, action, indictment, 

4 cause, or proceeding pending in any court of the 

5 District of Columbia or in the United States District 

6 Court for the District of Columbia shall abate by 

7 reason of the admission of the State into the Union, 

8 but shall be transferred and shall proceed within 

9 such appropriate State courts as shall be established 

10 under the State Constitution, or shall continue in 

11 the United States District Court for the District of 

12 Columbia, as the nature of the case may require. 

13 (2) SUCCESSION OF COURTS.—The appropriate 

14 courts of the State shall be the successors of the 

15 courts of the District of Columbia as to all cases 

16 arising within the limits embraced within the juris17 diction of such courts, with full power to proceed 

18 with such cases, and award mesne or final process 

19 therein, and all files, records, indictments, and pro20 ceedings relating to any such writ, action, indict21 ment, cause, or proceeding shall be transferred to 

22 such appropriate State courts and shall be proceeded 

23 with therein in due course of law. 

24 (b) UNFILED PROCEEDINGS BASED ON ACTIONS

25 PRIOR TO ADMISSION.—All civil causes of action and all 

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1 mitted prior to the admission of the State into the Union, 

2 but as to which no writ, action, indictment, or proceeding 

3 shall be pending at the date of such admission, shall be 

4 subject to prosecution in the appropriate State courts or 

5 in the United States District Court for the District of Co6 lumbia in like manner, to the same extent, and with like 

7 right of appellate review, as if the State had been admitted 

8 and such State courts had been established prior to the 

9 accrual of such causes of action or the commission of such 

10 offenses. 

11 (c) MAINTENANCE OF RIGHTS TO AND JURISDICTION

12 OVER APPEALS.— 

13 (1) CASES DECIDED PRIOR TO ADMISSION.— 

14 Parties shall have the same rights of appeal from 

15 and appellate review of final decisions of the United 

16 States District Court for the District of Columbia or 

17 the District of Columbia Court of Appeals in any 

18 case finally decided prior to the admission of the 

19 State into the Union, whether or not an appeal 

20 therefrom shall have been perfected prior to such ad21 mission. The United States Court of Appeals for the 

22 District of Columbia Circuit and the Supreme Court 

23 of the United States shall have the same jurisdiction 

24 in such cases as by law provided prior to the admis25 sion of the State into the Union. 


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1 (2) CASES DECIDED AFTER ADMISSION.—Par2 ties shall have the same rights of appeal from and 

3 appellate review of all orders, judgments, and de4 crees of the United States District Court for the 

5 District of Columbia and of the highest court of the 

6 State, as successor to the District of Columbia 

7 Court of Appeals, in any case pending at the time 

8 of admission of the State into the Union, and the 

9 United States Court of Appeals for the District of 

10 Columbia Circuit and the Supreme Court of the 

11 United States shall have the same jurisdiction there12 in, as by law provided in any case arising subsequent 

13 to the admission of the State into the Union. 

14 (3) ISSUANCE OF SUBSEQUENT MANDATES.— 

15 Any mandate issued subsequent to the admission of 

16 the State shall be to the United States District 

17 Court for the District of Columbia or a court of the 

18 State, as appropriate. 

19 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO FED20 ERAL COURTS.—Effective upon the admission of the State 

21 into the Union— 

22 (1) section 41 of title 28, United States Code, 

23 is amended in the second column by inserting ‘‘, 

24 Washington, Douglass Commonwealth’’ after ‘‘Dis25 trict of Columbia’’; and 


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1 (2) the first paragraph of section 88 of title 28, 

2 United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 

3 ‘‘The District of Columbia and the State of 

4 Washington, Douglass Commonwealth comprise one 

5 judicial district.’’. 

6 SEC. 124. UNITED STATES NATIONALITY. 

7 No provision of this Act shall operate to confer 

8 United States nationality, to terminate nationality lawfully 

9 acquired, or to restore nationality terminated or lost under 

10 any law of the United States or under any treaty to which 

11 the United States is or was a party. 

12 TITLE II—RESPONSIBILITIES 

13 AND INTERESTS OF FEDERAL 

14 GOVERNMENT 

15 SEC. 201. CONTINUATION OF REVISED DISTRICT OF CO16 LUMBIA AS SEAT OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 

17 After the admission of the State into the Union, the 

18 seat of the Government of the United States shall be the 

19 District of Columbia as described in section 112. 

20 SEC. 202. TREATMENT OF MILITARY LANDS. 

21 (a) RESERVATION OF FEDERAL AUTHORITY.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2) 

23 and subsection (b) and notwithstanding the admis24 sion of the State into the Union, authority is re25 served in the United States for the exercise by ConVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:39 Mar 04, 2017 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1291.IH H1291

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1 gress of the power of exclusive legislation in all cases 

2 whatsoever over such tracts or parcels of land lo3 cated within the State that, immediately prior to the 

4 admission of the State, are controlled or owned by 

5 the United States and held for defense or Coast 

6 Guard purposes. 

7 (2) LIMITATION ON AUTHORITY.—The power of 

8 exclusive legislation described in paragraph (1) shall 

9 vest and remain in the United States only so long 

10 as the particular tract or parcel of land involved is 

11 controlled or owned by the United States and used 

12 for defense or Coast Guard purposes. 

13 (b) AUTHORITY OF STATE.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The reservation of authority 

15 in the United States for the exercise by the Congress 

16 of the United States of the power of exclusive legis17 lation over military lands under subsection (a) shall 

18 not operate to prevent such lands from being a part 

19 of the State, or to prevent the State from exercising 

20 over or upon such lands, concurrently with the 

21 United States, any jurisdiction which it would have 

22 in the absence of such reservation of authority and 

23 which is consistent with the laws hereafter enacted 

24 by Congress pursuant to such reservation of author25 ity. 


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1 (2) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—The State shall 

2 have the right to serve civil or criminal process with3 in such tracts or parcels of land in which the author4 ity of the United States is reserved under subsection 

5 (a) in suits or prosecutions for or on account of 

6 rights acquired, obligations incurred, or crimes com7 mitted within the State but outside of such tracts or 

8 parcels of land. 

9 SEC. 203. WAIVER OF CLAIMS TO FEDERAL LANDS AND 

10 PROPERTY. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—As a compact with the United 

12 States, the State and its people disclaim all right and title 

13 to any lands or other property not granted or confirmed 

14 to the State or its political subdivisions by or under the 

15 authority of this Act, the right or title to which is held 

16 by the United States or subject to disposition by the 

17 United States. 

18 (b) EFFECT ON CLAIMS AGAINST UNITED STATES.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—Nothing contained in this 

20 Act shall recognize, deny, enlarge, impair, or other21 wise affect any claim against the United States, and 

22 any such claim shall be governed by applicable laws 

23 of the United States. 

24 (2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 

25 Act is intended or shall be construed as a finding, 


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1 interpretation, or construction by the Congress that 

2 any applicable law authorizes, establishes, recog3 nizes, or confirms the validity or invalidity of any 

4 claim referred to in paragraph (1), and the deter5 mination of the applicability or effect of any law to 

6 any such claim shall be unaffected by anything in 

7 this Act. 

8 SEC. 204. PERMITTING INDIVIDUALS RESIDING IN NEW 

9 SEAT OF GOVERNMENT TO VOTE IN FEDERAL 

10 ELECTIONS IN STATE OF MOST RECENT 

11 DOMICILE. 

12 (a) REQUIREMENT FOR STATES TO PERMIT INDIVID13 UALS TO VOTE BY ABSENTEE BALLOT.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall— 

15 (A) permit absent District of Columbia 

16 voters to use absentee registration procedures 

17 and to vote by absentee ballot in general, spe18 cial, primary, and runoff elections for Federal 

19 office; and 

20 (B) accept and process, with respect to any 

21 general, special, primary, or runoff election for 

22 Federal office, any otherwise valid voter reg23 istration application from an absent District of 

24 Columbia voter, if the application is received by 


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1 the appropriate State election official not less 

2 than 30 days before the election. 

3 (2) ABSENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VOTER DE4 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘absent District 

5 of Columbia voter’’ means, with respect to a State, 

6 a person who resides in the District of Columbia 

7 after the admission of the State of Washington, D.C. 

8 into the Union and is qualified to vote in the State 

9 (or who would be qualified to vote in the State but 

10 for residing in the District of Columbia), but only if 

11 the State is the last place in which the person was 

12 domiciled before residing in the District of Colum13 bia. 

14 (3) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, the term 

15 ‘‘State’’ means each of the several States, including 

16 the State of Washington, D.C. 

17 (b) RECOMMENDATIONS TO STATES TO MAXIMIZE

18 ACCESS TO POLLS BY ABSENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

19 VOTERS.—To afford maximum access to the polls by ab20 sent District of Columbia voters, it is the sense of Con21 gress that the States should— 

22 (1) waive registration requirements for absent 

23 District of Columbia voters who, by reason of resi24 dence in the District of Columbia, do not have an 

25 opportunity to register; 


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1 (2) expedite processing of balloting materials 

2 with respect to such individuals; and 

3 (3) assure that absentee ballots are mailed to 

4 such individuals at the earliest opportunity. 

5 (c) ENFORCEMENT.—The Attorney General may 

6 bring a civil action in appropriate district court of the 

7 United States for such declaratory or injunctive relief as 

8 may be necessary to carry out this section. 

9 (d) EFFECT ON CERTAIN OTHER LAWS.—The exer10 cise of any right under this section shall not affect, for 

11 purposes of any Federal, State, or local tax, the residence 

12 or domicile of a person exercising such right. 

13 (e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take effect 

14 upon the date of the admission of the State of Wash15 ington, D.C. into the Union, and shall apply with respect 

16 to elections for Federal office taking place on or after such 

17 date. 

18 SEC. 205. REPEAL OF LAW PROVIDING FOR PARTICIPATION 

19 OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN ELECTION OF 

20 PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 3, United 

22 States Code, is amended— 

23 (1) by striking section 21; and 

24 (2) in the table of sections, by striking the item 

25 relating to section 21. 


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1 (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

2 subsection (a) shall take effect upon the date of the admis3 sion of the State into the Union, and shall apply to any 

4 election of the President and Vice-President of the United 

5 States taking place on or after such date. 

6 SEC. 206. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES FOR CONSIDERATION 

7 OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT REPEAL8 ING 23RD AMENDMENT. 

9 (a) JOINT RESOLUTION DESCRIBED.—In this sec10 tion, the term ‘‘joint resolution’’ means a joint resolu11 tion— 

12 (1) entitled ‘‘A joint resolution proposing an 

13 amendment to the Constitution of the United States 

14 to repeal the 23rd article of amendment’’; and 

15 (2) the matter after the resolving clause of 

16 which consists solely of text to amend the Constitu17 tion of the United States to repeal the 23rd article 

18 of amendment to the Constitution. 

19 (b) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION IN HOUSE OF REP20 RESENTATIVES.— 

21 (1) PLACEMENT ON CALENDAR.—Upon intro22 duction in the House of Representatives, the joint 

23 resolution shall be placed immediately on the appro24 priate calendar. 

25 (2) PROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—It shall be in order, not 

2 later than 30 legislative days after the date the 

3 joint resolution is introduced in the House of 

4 Representatives, to move to proceed to consider 

5 the joint resolution in the House of Representa6 tives. 

7 (B) PROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro8 ceed to consider the joint resolution— 

9 (i) all points of order against the mo10 tion are waived; 

11 (ii) such a motion shall not be in 

12 order after the House of Representatives 

13 has disposed of a motion to proceed on the 

14 joint resolution; 

15 (iii) the previous question shall be 

16 considered as ordered on the motion to its 

17 adoption without intervening motion; 

18 (iv) the motion shall not be debatable; 

19 and 

20 (v) a motion to reconsider the vote by 

21 which the motion is disposed of shall not 

22 be in order. 

23 (3) CONSIDERATION.—When the House of Rep24 resentatives proceeds to consideration of the joint 

25 resolution— 


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1 (A) the joint resolution shall be considered 

2 as read; 

3 (B) all points of order against the joint 

4 resolution and against its consideration are 

5 waived; 

6 (C) the previous question shall be consid7 ered as ordered on the joint resolution to its 

8 passage without intervening motion except 10 

9 hours of debate equally divided and controlled 

10 by the proponent and an opponent; 

11 (D) an amendment to the joint resolution 

12 shall not be in order; and 

13 (E) a motion to reconsider the vote on pas14 sage of the joint resolution shall not be in 

15 order. 

16 (c) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION IN SENATE.— 

17 (1) PLACEMENT ON CALENDAR.—Upon intro18 duction in the Senate, the joint resolution shall be 

19 placed immediately on the calendar. 

20 (2) PROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION.— 

21 (A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding rule 

22 XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is 

23 in order, not later than 30 legislative days after 

24 the date the joint resolution is introduced in the 

25 Senate (even though a previous motion to the 


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1 same effect has been disagreed to) to move to 

2 proceed to the consideration of the joint resolu3 tion. 

4 (B) PROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro5 ceed to the consideration of the joint resolu6 tion— 

7 (i) all points of order against the mo8 tion are waived; 

9 (ii) the motion is not debatable; 

10 (iii) the motion is not subject to a mo11 tion to postpone; 

12 (iv) a motion to reconsider the vote by 

13 which the motion is agreed to or disagreed 

14 to shall not be in order; and 

15 (v) if the motion is agreed to, the 

16 joint resolution shall remain the unfinished 

17 business until disposed of. 

18 (3) FLOOR CONSIDERATION.— 

19 (A) IN GENERAL.—If the Senate proceeds 

20 to consideration of the joint resolution— 

21 (i) all points of order against the joint 

22 resolution (and against consideration of 

23 the joint resolution) are waived; 

24 (ii) consideration of the joint resolu25 tion, and all debatable motions and appeals 


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1 in connection therewith, shall be limited to 

2 not more than 30 hours, which shall be di3 vided equally between the majority and mi4 nority leaders or their designees; 

5 (iii) a motion further to limit debate 

6 is in order and not debatable; 

7 (iv) an amendment to, a motion to 

8 postpone, or a motion to commit the joint 

9 resolution is not in order; and 

10 (v) a motion to proceed to the consid11 eration of other business is not in order. 

12 (B) VOTE ON PASSAGE.—In the Senate the 

13 vote on passage shall occur immediately fol14 lowing the conclusion of the consideration of the 

15 joint resolution, and a single quorum call at the 

16 conclusion of the debate if requested in accord17 ance with the rules of the Senate. 

18 (C) RULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCE19 DURE.—Appeals from the decisions of the Chair 

20 relating to the application of this subsection or 

21 the rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to 

22 the procedure relating to the joint resolution 

23 shall be decided without debate. 

24 (d) RULES RELATING TO SENATE AND HOUSE OF

25 REPRESENTATIVES.— 


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1 (1) COORDINATION WITH ACTION BY OTHER

2 HOUSE.—If, before the passage by one House of the 

3 joint resolution of that House, that House receives 

4 from the other House the joint resolution— 

5 (A) the joint resolution of the other House 

6 shall not be referred to a committee; and 

7 (B) with respect to the joint resolution of 

8 the House receiving the resolution— 

9 (i) the procedure in that House shall 

10 be the same as if no joint resolution had 

11 been received from the other House; and 

12 (ii) the vote on passage shall be on 

13 the joint resolution of the other House. 

14 (2) TREATMENT OF JOINT RESOLUTION OF

15 OTHER HOUSE.—If one House fails to introduce or 

16 consider the joint resolution under this section, the 

17 joint resolution of the other House shall be entitled 

18 to expedited floor procedures under this section. 

19 (3) TREATMENT OF COMPANION MEASURES.— 

20 If, following passage of the joint resolution in the 

21 Senate, the Senate receives the companion measure 

22 from the House of Representatives, the companion 

23 measure shall not be debatable. 

24 (4) VETOES.—If the President vetoes the joint 

25 resolution, consideration of a veto message in the 


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1 Senate under this section shall be not more than 10 

2 hours equally divided between the majority and mi3 nority leaders or their designees. 

4 (e) RULES OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND

5 SENATE.—This section is enacted by Congress— 

6 (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of 

7 the Senate and House of Representatives, respec8 tively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of 

9 each House, respectively, but applicable only with re10 spect to the procedure to be followed in that House 

11 in the case of the joint resolution, and supersede 

12 other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent 

13 with such rules; and 

14 (2) with full recognition of the constitutional 

15 right of either House to change the rules (so far as 

16 relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 

17 in the same manner, and to the same extent as in 

18 the case of any other rule of that House. 

19 TITLE III—GENERAL 

20 PROVISIONS 

21 SEC. 301. GENERAL DEFINITIONS. 

22 In this Act, the following definitions shall apply: 

23 (1) The term ‘‘Council’’ means the Council of 

24 the District of Columbia. 


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1 (2) The term ‘‘Governor’’ means the Governor 

2 of the State of Washington, D.C. 

3 (3) The term ‘‘Mayor’’ means the Mayor of the 

4 District of Columbia. 

5 (4) Except as otherwise provided, the term 

6 ‘‘State’’ means the State of Washington, D.C. 

7 (5) The term ‘‘State Constitution’’ means the 

8 proposed Constitution of the State of Washington, 

9 D.C., as approved by the Council of the District of 

10 Columbia on October 18, 2016, pursuant to the 

11 Constitution and Boundaries for the State of Wash12 ington, D.C. Approval Resolution of 2016 (D.C. 

13 Resolution R21–621), and ratified by District of Co14 lumbia voters in Advisory Referendum B approved 

15 on November 8, 2016, and certified by the District 

16 of Columbia Board of Elections on November 18, 

17 2016. 

18 (6) The term ‘‘Washington, D.C.’’ means 

19 Washington, Douglass Commonwealth. 

20 SEC. 302. CERTIFICATION OF ENACTMENT BY PRESIDENT. 

21 Not more than 60 days after the date of enactment 

22 of this Act, the President shall certify such enactment to 

23 the Mayor of the District of Columbia. 

Æ 


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