J-S65025-18

2018 PA Super 316

IN THE INTEREST OF: K.P., A MINOR

APPEAL OF: M.P.

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT

OF PENNSYLVANIA

No. 987 MDA 2018

Appeal from the Order Entered May 18, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County 

Juvenile Division at No: CP-49-DP-0000192-2006

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., STABILE, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

OPINION BY STABILE, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 27, 2018

M.P. (“Mother”) appeals from the order entered May 18, 2018, which 

adjudicated dependent her minor daughter, K.P. (“Child”), born in January 

2003.1 After review, we vacate and remand for further proceedings.

We summarize the relevant factual and procedural history of this matter 

as follows. Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (“CYS”) first 

became involved with Child several months after her birth. She has been in 

and out of foster care numerous times and adjudicated dependent on two prior 

occasions. Most recently, CYS obtained protective custody of Child on May 8, 

2018. CYS filed an application for shelter care later that day, raising concerns 

regarding Child’s attempts to skip school and run away from home. CYS 

further averred that Child attempted to commit suicide in April 2018 and that 

Father was now saying that he could not manage her behaviors. CYS averred 

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1 Child’s father, W.P., Jr. (“Father”), did not appeal the order.
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that Mother was not an appropriate caregiver for Child because of her past 

failure to comply with services.2 CYS filed an amended shelter care application 

on May 9, 2018, which the trial court granted on May 11, 2018. CYS filed a 

dependency petition on the same day, containing averments substantively 

identical to those in the shelter care applications. CYS filed an amended 

dependency petition on May 15, 2018. 

The trial court held a hearing on May 18, 2018, at which Mother failed 

to appear. However, Mother’s counsel, Marc Lieberman, Esquire, was present. 

The hearing began with testimony from CYS caseworker, Melissa Eisenhour,3

concerning CYS’s efforts to serve Mother with notice. Ms. Eisenhour testified 

that she was in contact with Mother the day before the hearing via Facebook

Messenger, because Mother does not have a phone. N.T., 5/18/18, at 4. She 

testified that she sent Mother a message reminding her that there would be a 

hearing the next day. Mother responded with “a lengthy message that . . . 

she is looking for a ride but couldn’t find one.” Id. at 5. Ms. Eisenhour

reported that she offered to transport Mother to the hearing but that Mother 

“said that she was concerned because she had already told her father and her 

boyfriend that she was going to help with something today. He was in illhealth. So I wasn’t sure what time I could get her back, so she wasn’t willing 

to come in.” Id. 

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2 Child was living with Father at the time. Mother lived separately. 

3

In the transcript, Ms. Eisenhour’s name is spelled “Eisenhower.” It is spelled 

“Eisenhour” in court orders and in a certificate of service that she signed. 
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On cross-examination by Attorney Lieberman, Ms. Eisenhour testified 

that she did not know whether Mother received notice of the hearing through 

the mail. She stated, “I didn’t send it to her certified mail. I do not know if 

the paralegals did.” Id. at 6. Following this testimony, Attorney Lieberman 

objected that he did not believe CYS served Mother properly and requested a 

continuance. Id. at 6-9, 13. The court disagreed, concluding that notifying 

Mother of the hearing via Facebook Messenger was sufficient, and denied 

Attorney Lieberman’s request. Id. at 7, 15.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court announced its intention 

to adjudicate Child dependent. The court entered an order of adjudication and 

disposition that same day. Mother timely filed a notice of appeal on June 13, 

2018, along with a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. 

Despite the fact that Mother had already filed a concise statement with her 

notice of appeal, the court entered an order on June 19, 2018, directing 

counsel to file a concise statement within twenty-one days. Mother timely 

complied by filing an additional concise statement on July 6, 2018. 

Mother now raises the following issues for our review.

I. Whether the trial court erred by eliminating the mother’s right 

to legal notice of the adjudication hearing and suspending the 

mother’s parental rights, without the mother being permitted due 

process of law?

II. Whether the trial court erred in determining that the best 

interests of the child would be served by denying Mother minimal 

due process?
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III. Whether the trial court erred in accepting that some form of 

Facebook Twittering [sic] or texting constituted proper mode of 

service of process in this case?

Mother’s Brief at 12 (unnecessary capitalization and trial court answers 

omitted).

Mother presents three interrelated claims for our review, which we will 

address together. Mother’s claims present questions of law requiring us to 

interpret the notice requirements of the Juvenile Act and our Rules of Juvenile 

Court Procedure. Thus, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of 

review is plenary. In the Interest of J.M., 166 A.3d 408, 416 (Pa. Super. 

2017), reargument denied (Aug. 3, 2017).

Mother argues that CYS did not provide her with sufficient notice of the 

hearing in violation of her right to due process and contrary to Child’s best 

interests. Mother’s Brief at 14-26. She stresses that CYS attempted to notify 

her of the hearing by sending her a message on Facebook only. Id. at 18.

Mother complains that CYS did not enter a copy of the message into evidence 

and that it is not clear what CYS said or whether they were really talking to 

her at all. Id. at 19. She directs our attention to the provisions of the Rules 

of Juvenile Court Procedure relating to notice of dependency proceedings. Id.

at 26-27. 

The Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure set forth the requirements for 

service of a dependency petition as follows.

Rule 1331. Service of Petition

A. Copy. Upon the filing of a petition, a copy of the petition shall 

be served promptly upon the child, the child’s guardian, the child’s 
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attorney, the guardian’s attorney, the attorney for the county 

agency, and the county agency.

B. Method of Service.

(1) Child and guardian. The petition shall be served upon the child 

and all of the child’s guardians by:

(a) certified mail, return receipt requested and firstclass mail; or

(b) delivery in-person.

(2) Attorneys and the county agency. The petition shall be served 

upon the attorneys and county agency by:

(a) first-class mail;

(b) delivery in-person; or

(c) another agreed upon alternative method.

C. Proof of service. An affidavit of service shall be filed prior to 

the adjudicatory hearing.

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1331.4

With respect to dependency hearings, the Juvenile Act requires that the 

trial court issue “a summons to the parents . . . requiring them to appear 

before the court at the time fixed to answer the allegations of the petition.”

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4 The Rules define guardian as “any parent, custodian, or other person who 

has legal custody of a child, or person designated by the court to be a 

temporary guardian for purposes of a proceeding.” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1120. 

Importantly, the comment to Rule 1331 provides that a child’s parent must 

receive a copy of the petition even if he or she “is not the child’s custodial 

guardian[.]” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1331, Comment. 
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42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6335(a). Similarly, the Rules require that the court must issue 

a summons to all parties.5

Rule 1360. Adjudicatory Summons

A. Summons. The court shall issue a summons 

compelling all parties to appear for the adjudicatory 

hearing.

B. Order appearance. The court may order the 

person having the physical custody or control of the 

child to bring the child to the hearing.

C. Requirements. The summons shall:

(1) be in writing;

(2) set forth the date, time, and place of the 

adjudicatory hearing;

(3) instruct the child and the guardian about their 

rights to counsel, and if the child’s guardian is without 

financial resources or otherwise unable to employ 

counsel, the right to assigned counsel;

(4) give a warning stating that the failure to appear 

for the hearing may result in arrest; and

(5) include a copy of the petition unless the petition 

has been previously served.

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1360.

The Rules set forth specific requirements for service of the summons as 

follows. 

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5

Indisputably, Mother is a party to this dependency proceeding. See In re 

L.C., II, 900 A.2d 378, 381 (Pa. Super. 2006) (“Although the Juvenile Act 

does not define ‘party,’ case law from this Court has conferred the status of 

party to a dependency proceeding on . . . the parents of the juvenile whose 

dependency status is at issue[.]”).
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Rule 1363. Service of Summons

A. Method of Service. The summons shall be 

served:

(1) in-person; or

(2) by certified mail, return receipt and first-class 

mail.

B. Time of Service.

(1) Child in custody. If the child is in protective 

custody, the summons shall be served no less than 

seven days prior to the adjudicatory hearing.

(2) Child not in custody. If the child is not in protective 

custody, the summons shall be served no less than 

fourteen days prior to the adjudicatory hearing.

C. Proof of service. Affidavit of service shall be filed 

prior to the adjudicatory hearing.

D. Efforts Made to Serve. In the absence of an 

affidavit of service under paragraph (C), the serving 

party shall advise the court of what efforts were made 

to notify a person. The court may proceed to a 

hearing upon a showing of reasonable efforts to locate 

and notify all persons pursuant to Rule 1360.

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1363.

Aside from the provisions requiring that the trial court issue a summons

to all parties, the Rules include an additional provision mandating notice of 

adjudicatory hearings for all parents. 

Rule 1361. Adjudicatory Notice 

The court shall give notice of the adjudicatory hearing 

to:

(1) the attorney for the county agency;
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(2) the child’s attorney;

(3) the guardian’s attorney;

(4) the parents, child’s foster parent, preadoptive 

parent, or relative providing care for the child;

(5) the county agency;

(6) the court appointed special advocate, if assigned; 

and

(7) any other persons as directed by the court.

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1361.

Significantly, the May 18, 2018 order is an order of adjudication and 

disposition. Thus, the May 18, 2018 hearing was both an adjudicatory hearing 

and a dispositional hearing. The Rules impose additional requirements that

parents receive notice of dispositional hearings, as follows.

Rule 1501. Dispositional Notice

The court or its designee shall give notice of the 

dispositional hearing to:

(1) all parties;

(2) the attorney for the county agency;

(3) the child’s attorney

(4) the guardian’s attorney;

(5) the parents, child’s foster parent, preadoptive 

parent, or relative providing care for the child;

(6) the court appointed special advocate, if assigned;

(7) the educational decision maker, if applicable; and
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(8) any other persons as directed by the court.

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1501.

After careful review of these provisions, it is clear that the trial court 

failed to ensure that Mother received adequate notice of the adjudicatory and 

dispositional hearing in the instant matter. The record contains a summons,

notice of hearing, and scheduling order, but neither those documents, nor the 

trial court docket, indicates that Mother was served prior to the proceedings. 

Ms. Eisenhour testified that she did not mail the documents to Mother and she 

did not know if anyone else did either. Notably, the record contains a 

certificate of service indicating that Ms. Eisenhour served Mother with the

documents, along with the dependency petition and amended dependency 

petition, on May 18, 2018, the same day as the hearing. Because the 

transcript of the hearing indicates that it began at 10:11 a.m., Mother may 

not have been served until after the hearing was already over. 

While Ms. Eisenhour testified that she notified Mother of the hearing via 

Facebook Messenger the day before the hearing, notice via Facebook does not 

comply with our Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure. Rule 1331 required that 

Mother receive a copy of the dependency petition through either certified and 

first-class mail or in-person delivery. Moreover, Rules 1360 and 1363 required 

that the court issue a summons to Mother, again through either certified and 

first-class mail or in-person delivery. Rule 1363 permits trial courts to proceed 

with a hearing even if a county agency fails to provide an affidavit of service, 
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so long as the agency makes a showing of reasonable efforts to locate and 

notify all persons. In the instant matter, it is clear that CYS did not make 

reasonable efforts to locate and serve Mother. CYS was well aware of Mother’s 

address, as it appeared on both the shelter care applications and dependency 

petitions. Thus, nothing prevented CYS from complying with the Rules by 

mailing Mother the relevant documents or providing them to her in person.

Even assuming that Attorney Lieberman received notice of the hearing, 

providing notice to Mother’s attorney is not the same thing as providing notice 

to Mother. Rules 1331, 1361, and 1501 require that both the parent and the

parent’s attorney receive notice separately. The plain language of Rule 1331

requires a copy of the dependency petition be sent to “the child’s guardian” 

and “the guardian’s attorney[.]” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1331. Rule 1361 requires that 

notice be sent to “the guardian’s attorney” and “the parents[.]” Pa.R.J.C.P. 

1361. Moreover, Rule 1501 requires that notice be sent to “all parties,” “the 

guardian’s attorney,” and “the parents[.]” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1501. The Comment 

to Rule 1363 provides further clarification of this issue, explaining, “[p]ursuant 

to Rule 1360, all parties are to be served a summons. Pursuant to Rule 1361, 

the attorneys, the parents, child’s foster parent, preadoptive parent, and 
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relative providing care for the child are to receive notice.” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1363, 

Comment.6

Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court failed to ensure 

that Mother received notice of the adjudicatory and dispositional hearing in 

compliance with the Juvenile Act and our Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure.

See In the Interest of K.S., 159 A.3d 535 (Pa. 2017) (holding that the trial 

court abused its discretion by conducting an adjudicatory hearing despite 

CYS’s failure to comply strictly with the notice requirements of the Juvenile 

Act and the Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure). We therefore vacate the May 

18, 2018 order and remand for the court to hold a new adjudicatory and 

dispositional hearing as soon as possible. Prior to the hearing, reasonable 

efforts must be made to provide Mother with notice in compliance with the 

authority set forth in this opinion. 

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6 Generally, the Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure do not require that “orders 

and court notices” be sent to a parent individually if he or he has counsel. 

See Pa.R.J.C.P. 1167(B)(1) (“A copy of any order or court notice shall be 

served promptly on each party’s attorney, and the party, if unrepresented.”).

However, when interpreting conflicting provisions in the Rules, it is settled law 

that a specific provision must control over a more general provision. See 1 

Pa.C.S.A. § 1933 (“Whenever a general provision in a statute shall be in 

conflict with a special provision . . . the special provisions shall prevail[.]”); 

Pa.R.J.C.P. 1102 (directing that the Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure be 

construed in consonance with the rules of statutory construction to the extent

practicable). We also observe that the comment to Rule 1167 defines “court 

notices” to include only “communications that ordinarily are issued by a judge 

or the court administrator concerning, for example, calendaring or scheduling, 

including proceedings requiring the party’s presence.” Pa.R.J.C.P. 1167, 

Comment.
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Order vacated. Case remanded for further proceedings consistent with 

this opinion. Jurisdiction relinquished. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/27/2018