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		<TITLE> Sean Benschop d/b/a S&R Contracting., Docket No. 14-0015</TITLE>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-right:24px; ">United States of America</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-right:24px; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">C</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-right:24px; ">1120 20<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street, N.W., Ninth Floor</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-right:24px; ">Washington, DC 20036-3457</p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:justify; ">Secretary<span>
								</span>of Labor,</p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:center; ">Complainant,</p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:center; ">v.<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">ocket No.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
									</span>14-0015</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
									</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal ">Sean Benschop d/b/a S&R Contracting, </p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal "> and its successors,</p>
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							<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:center; ">Respondent.</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">APPEARANCES:                                 </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Jennifer L. Bluer, Esquire</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">U.S. Department of Labor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">For the Secretary</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Sean Benschop,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Pro S</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">e</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="letter-spacing:.032cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref0" href="#ftn0">1</a></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Bellefonte, Pennsylvania</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">For the Respondent</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">BEFORE:</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Covette Rooney</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Chief<span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Administrative Law Judge</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (the Commission or OSHRC) pursuant to<span>
					</span>section<span><span></span>
					</span>10(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. § 659(c) (the Act). On November 14, 2013, the<span>
					</span>Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)<span>
					</span>issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty (Citation) to Respondent, Sean Benschop d/b/a S&R Contracting, and its successors (S&R<span><span></span>
					</span>or Respondent). Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>filed a timely Notice of Contest bringing this matter before the Court.<span>
					</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The alleged violation at issue is related to</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent’s activities at the 2132-2138 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">2</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from June 2 to June 5, 2013. </span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Background</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On<span>
					</span>Wednesday, June 5, 2013,<span>
					</span>Sean Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>was<span>
					</span>using an excavator to demolish a building<span>
					</span>at the Market Street worksite in center city Philadelphia.<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>A<span><span></span>
					</span>multi-story,<span><span></span>
					</span>freestanding wall of<span>
					</span>the building<span>
					</span>under demolition<span><span></span>
					</span>collapsed and fell onto the adjacent one-story Salvation Army thrift store, which had<span><span></span>
					</span>employees and customers inside. Six people were killed,<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>twelve<span><span></span>
					</span>others injured<span>
					</span>in<span><span></span>
					</span>the collapse. (Ex. C-18, p. 21). </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">OSHA compliance officer<span><span></span>
					</span>(CO), Sarah Carle, and OSHA assistant area director<span><span></span>
					</span>(AAD), Nicholas DeJesse,<span><span></span>
					</span>arrived at the accident site<span>
					</span>that same day and began the OSHA investigation. (Tr. 233-34). OSHA<span><span></span>
					</span>issued a Citation to the Respondent on November 14, 2013.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">3</a></span> The Citation alleged Respondent had committed a willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.854(b) when it did not brace a<span>
					</span>multi-story,<span>
					</span>freestanding wall at the worksite<span><span></span>
					</span>and proposed a $70,000 penalty for the violation.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">4</a></span><span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Respondent<span>
					</span>timely filed a notice of contest bringing this matter before the Commission. This case was docketed with the Commission on<span>
					</span>January 8, 2014.</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On January 31, 2014, in accordance with Commission Rule 9, this case was consolidated with OSHRC Docket No. 14-0061,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Secretary v. Griffin Campbell d/b/a Campbell Construction</span>.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">5</a></span>
					<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span>29 CFR<span>
					</span>§<span>
					</span>2200.9. Docket No. 14-0061 was consolidated with the instant case because the cases involved common issues of laws and facts. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Id</span>. </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On March 10, 2014, the consolidated cases were stayed pending the resolution of<span>
					</span>the state’s<span><span></span>
					</span>criminal prosecutions<span><span></span>
					</span>of Sean Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>and Griffin Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>related to<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>June 5, 2013 building collapse. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On July 21, 2015,<span>
					</span>Sean<span>
					</span>Benschop entered a guilty plea before<span>
					</span>Judge Glenn B. Bronson of the<span>
					</span>Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas. Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop pled guilty to six counts of involuntary manslaughter, twelve counts of recklessly<span><span></span>
					</span>endangering another person, one count of causing a catastrophe, one count of criminal conspiracy, and one count of aggravated assault. (Exs. C-18, C-19). On<span><span></span>
					</span>January 8, 2016,<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop was sentenced to<span><span></span>
					</span>7 1/2 to<span>
					</span>15 years in prison. (<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Jan. 21, 2016<span><span></span>
					</span>Update<span><span></span>
					</span>from Secretary). Mr. Benschop was subsequently incarcerated at SCI Rockview in Bellfonte, Pennsylvania.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On October 19, 2015, a jury found<span>
					</span>Griffin<span><span></span>
					</span>Campbell<span>
					</span>guilty of six counts of involuntary manslaughter, twelve counts of recklessly endangering another person, one count of causing a catastrophe, one count of criminal conspiracy, and one count of aggravated assault; he was found<span><span></span>
					</span>not guilty for<span><span></span>
					</span>six counts of third-degree murder. (S. Br. 2;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span>Oct. 23, 2016<span><span></span>
					</span>Status Report from Secretary).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On November 5, 2015, the<span>
					</span>undersigned issued an order lifting the March 10, 2014<span>
					</span>stay<span>
					</span>of<span><span></span>
					</span>proceedings<span><span></span>
					</span>for this matter. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On<span>
					</span>January 6, 2016,<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">6</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>a<span><span></span>
					</span>settlement<span>
					</span>was reached<span><span></span>
					</span>between the Secretary and Griffin Campbell<span>
					</span>for<span><span></span>
					</span>Docket No. 14-0061, which<span>
					</span>was<span>
					</span>then<span>
					</span>removed<span><span></span>
					</span>from consolidation with the instant matter. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">A two-day hearing for the instant case was held<span>
					</span>on October 25-26, 2016. The hearing was held in the<span>
					</span>Commission’s hearing room<span><span></span>
					</span>in Washington, D.C. Complainant’s counsel and witnesses<span>
					</span>were<span>
					</span>present in the hearing room. Mr. Benschop participated remotely<span>
					</span>via video teleconferencing<span><span></span>
					</span>equipment<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">7</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>from the<span>
					</span>state<span><span></span>
					</span>correctional institution where<span><span></span>
					</span>he was<span>
					</span>incarcerated.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">8</a></span>
				</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Darryl<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston was subpoenaed to appear at the hearing in the instant case but did not respond. In lieu of his testimony, the undersigned allowed the admission of</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston’s October 5, 2015 sworn testimony from the Campbell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">criminal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the Court of Common Pleas (hereinafter referred to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as October 5, 2015 Alston testimony)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 13-14</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-32</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(CCT-A</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">9</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Because Mr. Benschop indicated he was unable to<span>
					</span>read English<span>
					</span>effectively, several exhibits were read into the<span>
					</span>record. (Tr. 16-18). These exhibits were Darryl Alston’s June 4, 2013<span>
					</span>OSHA<span>
					</span>signed statement<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">10</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 274-299; Ex. C-16),<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>transcript of<span>
					</span>October 5, 2015<span>
					</span>Darryl Alston testimony from Griffin Campbell’s criminal trial<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">11</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 18-74; Ex. C-32<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A)),<span>
					</span>excerpts<span><span></span>
					</span>of Sean Benschop’s October 8, 2015 sworn testimony from<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Campbell<span>
					</span>criminal trial<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 130-172; Ex. C-17<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-B<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">12</a></span>)),<span>
					</span>and the<span>
					</span>transcript of Sean Benschop’s July 21, 2015<span>
					</span>plea<span>
					</span>hearing and signed plea agreement.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">13</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 81-94, 99-122; Exs. C-18, C-19). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-right:.267px; ">The record includes photographs of the accident site taken by CO Carle, AAD DeJesse,<span><span></span>
					</span>and members of the public. (Exs. C-1, C-4 to C-14). A video<span><span></span>
					</span>from a<span>
					</span>camera on a<span>
					</span>city SEPTA bus that showed the<span><span></span>
					</span>moment of building collapse was entered into the record. (Ex. C-29). Two video recordings taken by Darryl Alston using his mobile phone<span>
					</span>on June 5, 2013,<span>
					</span>were also admitted into the record during the hearing. (Exs. C-21, C-23).<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>called no<span><span></span>
					</span>witnesses<span><span></span>
					</span>to testify at the hearing. However, he requested<span style="letter-spacing:.041cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>additional<span style="letter-spacing:.026cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>time<span style="letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>to<span style="width: 101;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>submit<span style="letter-spacing:.025cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>evidence<span style="letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>in<span style="letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>the<span style="letter-spacing:.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>form<span style="letter-spacing:.028cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two<span>
						</span></span>written<span style="letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>witness<span style="letter-spacing:.042cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>statements<span>
					</span>as exhibits<span>
					</span>to include in<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span><span></span>
					</span>record. (Tr.<span>
					</span>399, 411). At the close of the hearing, the undersigned granted Respondent’s request to submit post-hearing<span>
					</span>evidence<span><span></span>
					</span>in the form of written statements from Eric Sullivan<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">14</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>and his wife,<span><span></span>
					</span>Tynisha Gregory-Benschop.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">15</a></span> (Tr.<span>
					</span>393, 414).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Because Mr. Benschop was<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">pro</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">se</span><span><span></span>
					</span>in the instant matter<span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>incarcerated during the litigation of this case, the Court allowed<span>
					</span>the record to stay open for a week,<span>
					</span>until<span>
					</span>November 2, 2016,<span>
					</span>so Respondent could<span>
					</span>submit<span>
					</span>these two written statements. (Tr.<span>
					</span>396-97, 414). <span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.282cm; margin-right:.267px; ">During his cross-examination of AAD DeJesse, Mr. Benschop requested the notes<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>DeJesse<span>
					</span>had taken<span><span></span>
					</span>during his June 5, 2013<span><span></span>
					</span>interview of Griffin Campbell.<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 383,<span><span></span>
					</span>385,<span><span></span>
					</span>388-89). The undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>asked the Secretary’s counsel to<span>
					</span>produce the notes from the June 5, 2013<span>
					</span>Campbell<span>
					</span>interview, which would be admitted as Exhibit J-1. (Tr. 405, 408). Mr. Benschop stated that he had no objection<span>
					</span>to<span>
					</span>the notes<span>
					</span>being entered into the record.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">16</a></span> (Tr. 387). The notes were subsequently received and entered into the record as Exhibit J-1. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n November 1, 2016, the</span><span style="width: 102;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">undersigned received an email<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">submission</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from Tynisha Gregory</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-Benschop</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Respondent's</span><span style="width: 104;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhibit 1</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. R</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-1</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) with two documents attached.<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The first document was a hand-written statement</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>dated October 26, 2016,</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with the</span><span style="width: 98;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">signature of Eric M. Sullivan</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Respondent's Exhibit 2</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Ex. R-2</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The second document was a</span><span style="width: 96;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">typed statement<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from Tynisha Gregory</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-Benschop</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dated October 28, 2016 (Respondent's Exhibit 3</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Ex. R-3</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The Secretary did not object to<span>
						</span></span><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the admission of these documents into evidence.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.282cm; margin-right:.267px; ">On November 7, 2016,<span>
					</span>in response to the admission of Mr. Sullivan’s post-hearing handwritten statement,<span>
					</span>the Secretary filed a<span>
					</span>motion<span><span></span>
					</span>requesting<span>
					</span>Mr. Sullivan’s prior sworn<span><span></span>
					</span>deposition<span><span></span>
					</span>statement<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref16" href="#ftn16">17</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>of August 14, 2013,<span><span></span>
					</span>be admitted<span>
					</span>in lieu of conducting a new deposition. The August<span>
					</span>14, 2013 deposition was designated as Complainant’s Exhibit 33 (Ex. C-33). The Respondent filed no objection to the<span>
					</span>admission of Mr. Sullivan’s August 14, 2013 deposition. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span>November 30, 2016 Order.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.282cm; margin-right:.267px; ">In an order dated November 30, 2016, the undersigned admitted into evidence the following<span><span></span>
					</span>exhibits<span><span></span>
					</span>and closed the record:<span>
					</span>R-1, R-2, R-3, and C-33. Subsequently, the Secretary filed a post-hearing brief. The<span><span></span>
					</span>Respondent did not file a post-hearing brief.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.282cm; margin-right:.267px; ">For the reasons that follow,<span>
					</span>the willful<span>
					</span>citation is affirmed<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>a penalty of<span>
					</span>$56,000<span><span></span>
					</span>is<span><span></span>
					</span>assessed.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-right:.267px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Findings of Fact</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On June 5, 2013, OSHA CO Carle and AAD DeJesse arrived at the accident site to open an<span><span></span>
					</span>investigation. (Tr. 233-34). Emergency response personnel were still onsite and searching the collapse area for victims. (Tr. 236-37). CO Carle and AAD DeJesse<span><span></span>
					</span>interviewed employees of Campbell Construction, Griffin Campbell, and other witnesses from the general public. (Tr. 238, 255). The following day,<span>
					</span>they<span><span></span>
					</span>returned to the accident site to collect more information and CO Carle interviewed Sean<span><span></span>
					</span>Benschop in his hospital room.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref17" href="#ftn17">18</a></span> (Tr. 241-42). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sean<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">experience doing</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>demolition work since 1996 as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a laborer an</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d machine operator. (Tr. 131</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-17, pp. 5-6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span>CCT-B, pp.<span>
					</span>6-7)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Benschop owned two pieces of heavy equipment, a backhoe he purchased in 2006 and a hydraulic excavator he purchased in 2007. (Tr. 131;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-17, pp. 6-7</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, pp.<span>
					</span>7-8)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-18, p. 19). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S&R was a demolition company formed by Sean Benscho</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">p and his wife, Tynisha Gregory-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop in 2012. (Tr. 179). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S&R<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had been</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>placed on the city of Philadelphia’s master demolition list in 2013. (Tr. 132-33</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-17, p.8 (</span>CCT-B, p. 9)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). S&R had completed 4 demolition projects for the city of Philadelphia in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the first five months of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2013. (Tr. 132-33, 179</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-17, p. 8 (</span>CCT-B, p. 9<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). In June 2013, S&R had not received payment from the city for th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ese</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>projects. (Tr. 133-34).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The property’s owner</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, STB Investments,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hired<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Griffin Campbell of Campbel</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">l Construction</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as the contractor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to de</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">molish the buildings<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 113;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-18, p. 19</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. J-1, p. 1</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Campbell had done<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a little<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">before,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">but the Market Street job<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was bigger than<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his previous jobs.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. J-1, p.4</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In May 2013,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Campbell disc</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ussed the Market Street</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">project with Mr. Benschop. (Tr. 182-84). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Market Str</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eet worksite consisted of the four</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-story Hoagie City building and 2 shorter buildin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gs adjacent to t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Hoagie City building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s east side</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Ex. C-1). The Hoagie City</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s west wal</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">l was shared with the adjacent one</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-story Salvation Army thrift store, which sat at the corner of Market Street and 22nd Street. (Exs. C-1, C-18 pp. 19-20). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the instant hearing,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stated that he had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">offered to</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subcontract</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or for</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the demolition</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work at the Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 18</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2-8</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3). Mr. Benschop told<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Campbell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">best way to demolish the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4-story Hoagie City building would be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dismantl</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>floor-by-floo</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r from the roof downwar</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d by “walking the wall</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref18" href="#ftn18">19</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 182-83).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop proposed a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cost<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$11,000 per floo</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r plus the cost of renting high-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reach equipment</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that would be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">needed as a work platform</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">183</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Campbell did not subcontract the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Market Street project</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because the cost was too high. Instead, Mr. Campbell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">told<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">own<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees would take care of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the demolition</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Market Street site</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 18</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3-8</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In June</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2013</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Campbell asked Mr. Benschop to demolish the Hoagie City building;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">agreed to use his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">excavator</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to demolish the Hoagie City building<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for $800</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>day</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-18, p. 19; Tr. 182). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The two shorter<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">buildings<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the Market Street worksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">already<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>demolished. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Ex. C</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-33, p</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">p</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">13, 33</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On Sunday, June 2, 2013, Darryl</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alston drove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop to the Hoagie City building to begin work.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref19" href="#ftn19">20</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 187). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston had worked for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S&R</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for 4-6 weeks</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before the Market Street job</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 23;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-32, pp. 8-9</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>8-9)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span>Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>performed a variety of tasks for<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>during his six weeks of employment, including getting diesel and hydraulic oil for the<span>
					</span>equipment, cutting beams, driving Mr. Benschop to and from<span>
					</span>a<span>
					</span>worksite, making repairs,<span><span></span>
					</span>and running errands at the direction of<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop. (Tr.<span>
					</span>24,<span>
					</span>260, 338-39; Ex. C-16, pp. 1, 6; Ex. C-32, p. 42<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>42)). Mr. Alston did not have a set schedule of work; he waited for Mr. Benschop’s call. (Tr. 276-77).<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Mr. Alston met Mr. Benschop through Eric Sullivan, who also worked for<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop at demolition sites. (Tr. 275; Ex. C-16, p. 1). <span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition to driving Mr. Benschop to the Market Street worksite, Mr. Alston<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sometimes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worked as a fill-in at the site for Eric Sullivan, who usually assisted Mr. Benschop with demolition projects.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref20" href="#ftn20">21</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 274;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p. 1). </span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>generally<span><span></span>
					</span>supervised Mr. Alston’s demolition work, but,<span><span></span>
					</span>sometimes Mr. Sullivan did.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref21" href="#ftn21">22</a></span> (Tr. 277; Ex. C-16, p. 3). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Before<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop began<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">using the excavator<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to demolish</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on Sunday</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop instructed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston to enter the building to cut the top floor’s center beam with a chain saw. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">33,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">145; Ex. C-16, pp. 3-4;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-17, pp. 22-23 (</span>CCT-B, pp. 31, 34);<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-32, pp. 17-18</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, pp.<span>
					</span>17-18)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston cut the beam on the top floor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as instructed</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">while inside<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">noticed a lot of big holes in the building’s floors and several missing joists</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 30;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-32, pp. 14-15</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, pp.<span>
					</span>14-15)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston told<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop about the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">building’s interior condition</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and that he did not feel safe;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop told him to not go back inside the building. (Tr. 264</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-16, p.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston believed Campbell had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">already<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">removed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">many of the building’s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>joists<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to sell a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s salvage. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 282-83;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p. 4). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That day,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">remove</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the front of the building and a portion of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">building’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">east wall;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston stood near the building’s west wall and used a water hose to keep the dust down while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop us</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the excavator. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">34, 187</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-18, pp. 20-21; Ex. C-32, pp. 19-20</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, pp.<span>
					</span>19-20)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">By the end of the<span><span></span>
					</span>day on<span><span></span>
					</span>Sunday, June 2, 2013, the excavator had demolished enough of the building that the wall<span>
					</span>adjacent<span><span></span>
					</span>to the Salvation Army building had become a multi-story,<span><span></span>
					</span>freestanding wall. (Tr. 152, 189-190; Ex. C-5; Ex. C-17, p. 44 (CCT-B, pp. 96)). Mr. Benschop confirmed<span><span></span>
					</span>that<span><span></span>
					</span>the photograph at Exhibit C-5<span>
					</span>accurately<span>
					</span>showed the freestanding wall that had developed. (Tr. 189-90; Ex. C-5). <span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was done at the site<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on Monday,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">June 3, because of rain. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">35-36</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-32, p.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, p. 21)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop did<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">visit the worksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on Monday to check on his excavator</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which he had left</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Market Street site. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">194</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span>Mr. Benschop confirmed<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>a photograph taken on June 3<span>
					</span>accurately<span>
					</span>reflected the worksite as it existed when he stopped by to check on his equipment that day. (Tr. 194-95; Ex. C-4). Because no work had been done at the site on June 3, the photograph also<span>
					</span>shows<span><span></span>
					</span>the site’s condition as it was at the end of the work day on Sunday, June 2 and the beginning of the work day on June 4,<span><span></span>
					</span>when work at the site<span>
					</span>resumed. This photograph shows<span><span></span>
					</span>that about 25% of the wall<span>
					</span>that stood<span>
					</span>next to the Salvation Army had become an unsupported,<span><span></span>
					</span>freestanding wall. (Ex. C-4).<span style="color:#e36c0a; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On Tuesday, June 4, 2013,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston again drove Mr. Benschop to the Market Street worksite.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref22" href="#ftn22">23</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 36, 287-89;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p. 6;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">32, pp. 21-22</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, pp.<span>
					</span>21-22)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">instructed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">go to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S&R’s previous demoli</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tion worksite on Page S</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">treet</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to repair a damaged fence and gate</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 36;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 32, pp. 21-22</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, pp.<span>
					</span>21-22)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orked</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Page S</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tr</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eet site for about 5 hours and r</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eturned to the Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>around 1:30-2:00<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">P.M</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref23" href="#ftn23">24</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 36, 287-89;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-32, p. 22</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>22)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">told</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston to stay<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and wait for him</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 292;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-16, p. 6).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Alston</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>waited at the worksite until they left around 5</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">P.M</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 287-88, 292-93</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-16, pp. 6, 8</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-right:13.467px; ">A photograph, Exhibit C-6, taken by a member of the public during the day on Tuesday, June 4, 2013, showed<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>the freestanding wall above the Salvation Army had grown in<span style="color:#e36c0a; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>size;<span><span></span>
					</span>about 50% of the wall next to the Salvation Army had become unsupported and freestanding. (Tr. 198; Ex. C-6). Mr. Benschop confirmed that it was his excavator in the photograph at Exhibit C-6 and the photograph accurately portrayed the worksite on Tuesday, June 4, 2013. (Tr. 199; Ex. C-6). Another photograph taken at the end of the day June 4, 2013,<span><span></span>
					</span>showed<span><span></span>
					</span>the entire front portion of the building had been removed except the west<span>
					</span>wall<span>
					</span>of<span>
					</span>the building shared with the adjacent<span><span></span>
					</span>Salvation Army<span><span></span>
					</span>building,<span><span></span>
					</span>which was still almost fully intact for 3-4 stories and was not supported.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref24" href="#ftn24">25</a></span> (Tr. 202-03; Ex. C-8). Approximately<span><span></span>
					</span>30-35<span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>feet of the multi-story wall adjoining the Salvation Army was exposed</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and towered abo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ve the one</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-story Salvation Army building</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 292-93).<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop expressed his concern about the unsupported</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>free-standing west wall</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Campbell told him his guys would take care of it. (Tr. 147, 187-88, 352; Ex. C-32, p. 24</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>24)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop assumed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that meant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Campbell was going to have his employees take down the wall manually (without machine)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">overnight</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>--<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because no one would be around to get hurt</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>d</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">uring that time</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 147-48). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">On Wednesday, June 5,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston drove<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop to the Market Street worksite<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>arrived<span><span></span>
					</span>about<span>
					</span>7:30<span><span></span>
					</span>A.M. (Tr. 288;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>6). Most of the west wall<span>
					</span>next to the Salvation Army building<span>
					</span>was still there;<span><span></span>
					</span>very little had been removed<span><span></span>
					</span>after<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston and<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop left at 5:00<span><span></span>
					</span>P.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>the prior evening. (Tr. 151). Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop told<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston to wait at the Market Street site for instructions on<span>
					</span>some<span><span></span>
					</span>window repair work<span>
					</span>to be done at<span><span></span>
					</span>the Page Street worksite. (Tr. 288;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p. 6). <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop admitted that he knew it would have been safer to take the wall down manually (not with heavy equipment);<span>
					</span>but,<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span><span></span>
					</span>indicated the<span>
					</span>property<span>
					</span>owner wanted the<span>
					</span>demolition project<span><span></span>
					</span>completed quickly. (Tr. 153-54). Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop had told Campbell “over and over” that the Hoagie City building was dangerous. (Tr. 171). Nonetheless,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop felt it was necessary to continue to work so that he could be paid – he stated he needed to feed his family and<span>
					</span>to pay to<span>
					</span>have<span><span></span>
					</span>his excavator<span>
					</span>hauled from<span><span></span>
					</span>the worksite.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref25" href="#ftn25">26</a></span> (Tr. 160; Ex. C-17, p. 40 (CCT-B, p. 92)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span>
					</span>began chipping away at the<span>
					</span>Hoagie City building’s east wall,<span><span></span>
					</span>using an I-beam in the excavator’s jaws,<span><span></span>
					</span>at about 8:30<span>
					</span>A.M.,<span><span></span>
					</span>the morning of June 5, 2013;<span>
					</span>he<span><span></span>
					</span>was planning to have the wall fall toward the east into the adjacent empty lot. (Tr. 153, 288; Ex. C-16, p. 6). By this time the building’s structure had been demolished to the extent<span>
					</span>that the interior of the building was essentially a V-shape –<span><span></span>
					</span>there was very little structure remaining inside the building. (Tr. 153-54, 376). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">While he was waiting,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston<span>
					</span>observed<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>demolishing the building. (Tr. 45; Ex. C-32, p. 25). At about 10:25<span><span></span>
					</span>a.m.,<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston used his phone to film<span>
					</span>two short videos of the excavator chipping away at the east wall. (Tr. 289;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p. 6; Exs.<span>
					</span>C-21,<span>
					</span>C-23). Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was standing in the adjacent empty lot next to the Hoagie City building. (Tr.<span>
					</span>49-50; Ex. C-32, pp. 34-35 (CCT-A, pp. 34-35)).<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">At about 10:42<span>
					</span>A.M. on Wednesday<span><span></span>
					</span>June 5, 2013—as<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop was<span>
					</span>using the excavator to<span>
					</span>chip<span>
					</span>away at the east wall—the<span><span></span>
					</span>east wall<span>
					</span>collapsed and<span>
					</span>fell<span><span></span>
					</span>westerly<span><span></span>
					</span>into the Hoagie City building. (Tr. 154-56; Ex. C-18, p. 21; Ex. C-17, pp. 31-34 (CCT-B, pp. 45, 47-49)). When the east wall fell inward, it took out the remaining interior<span>
					</span>structure<span>
					</span>of the building. The entire<span>
					</span>Hoagie City<span>
					</span>building<span>
					</span>then<span>
					</span>collapsed,<span><span></span>
					</span>with the<span>
					</span>three-four<span><span></span>
					</span>story<span>
					</span>freestanding<span>
					</span>west wall falling onto the<span>
					</span>adjacent Salvation Army store. (Tr. 156, 375-76; Ex. C-18, p. 21; Ex. C-17, pp.48-49 (CCT-B, pp. 33-34). Bricks, mortar, and wood<span>
					</span>from the Hoagie City<span>
					</span>building’s<span>
					</span>multi-story<span>
					</span>west wall<span>
					</span>fell onto the Salvation Army thrift store<span>
					</span>causing it to collapse<span>
					</span>onto customers and employees, killing six people and injuring 12<span><span></span>
					</span>others.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref26" href="#ftn26">27</a></span> (Ex. C-18, p. 21).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop injured his hand, arm, leg, and shoulder getting out of the excavator<span><span></span>
					</span>after the collapse. (Tr. 156-57; Ex. C-17, pp. 34-35 (CCT-B, pp. 49)). About<span>
					</span>ten<span><span></span>
					</span>minutes later,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston drove<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop to the hospital for treatment. (Tr. 157; Ex. C-17, pp. 33-34 (CCT-B, pp. 49-50)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">an employer at the Market Street worksite</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The central issue in controversy is whether Respondent was an employer with a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee at the Market Street worksite.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secret</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ary asserts that Darrel Alston</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s employee at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Market Street<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worksite. (S. Br. 6.) </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The OSH Act places duties on “employers” to protect the health and safety of “employees.” 29 U.S.C. § 654(a). An employer is defined as “a person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees.” 29 U.S.C. § 652(5). “Only an employer may be cited for a violation of the Act.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allstate Painting & Contracting Co</span>., 21 BNA OSHC 1033, 1035 (No. 97-1631, 2005) (consolidated) (<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allstate</span>). The Act requires each employer to comply with occupational safety and health standards and regulations promulgated under the OSH Act. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span><span></span>
					</span>The Secretary has the burden of proving<span>
					</span>Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>is the employer of at least one affected employee at the worksite. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Allstate</span>, 21 BNA OSHC at 1035;<span>
					</span><span style="font-size:12.5pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:12.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Poughkeepsie Yacht Club, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12.5pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:12.5pt; ">., 7 BNA OSHC 1725, 1727 (No. 76-4026, 1979).</span><span style="font-size:12.5pt; font-family:Georgia; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-family:Georgia; font-size:12.5pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>argues that it<span>
					</span>was not an employer because it had no employees at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span><span></span>
					</span>worksite. Respondent asserts Mr. Benschop was not a subcontractor at the worksite, instead he was Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>Construction’s employee at the worksite and thus could not be an employer. (Tr.<span>
					</span>76, 134). Further,<span>
					</span>Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>asserts<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>any demolition-related work<span>
					</span>by Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>site<span>
					</span>was<span><span></span>
					</span>as an<span>
					</span>employee of<span>
					</span>Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>Construction. (Tr.<span><span></span>
					</span>75-76, 216, 402). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based on t</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he weight of the credible evidence and analysis under Commission law</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the undersigned finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Alston was an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent for the reasons set forth below</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFF00; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Post-hearing statements</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>do not</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>support Respondent’s</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>position</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>At the hearing for the instant case, Mr. Benschop vigorously asserted that Mr. Alston did<span><span></span>
					</span>not work for him at the Market Street worksite<span><span></span>
					</span>doing demolition work. (Tr. 76, 95, 123, 173, 300, 399, 402). Mr. Benschop asserted Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>never did demolition work;<span>
					</span>Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>simply<span>
					</span>driven<span><span></span>
					</span>him to worksites,<span>
					</span>had run errands as needed,<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>had done<span>
					</span>repair<span><span></span>
					</span>work<span><span></span>
					</span>for him at another worksite. (Tr. 76, 173, 399). Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>also<span>
					</span>stated that only Griffin<span>
					</span>Campbell<span>
					</span>could hire<span>
					</span>employees at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr.<span>
					</span>400).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>During the hearing for the instant matter,<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>objected to the content of<span>
					</span>Alston’s<span>
					</span>signed<span>
					</span>OSHA statement and Alston’s testimony at<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>criminal<span><span></span>
					</span>trial,<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref27" href="#ftn27">28</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>stating that Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>lied when he said he<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>worked for Mr. Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>at the Market Street site. (Tr.<span>
					</span>75, 300). Additionally, Mr. Benschop asserted that Mr. Alston could not be his employee because<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was not on the company’s workers compensation plan;<span>
					</span>the city of Philadelphia required him to put<span>
					</span>employees<span><span></span>
					</span>on the company worker’s compensation plan. (Tr. 402-03). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As supporting evidence for the<span><span></span>
					</span>assertion<span><span></span>
					</span>that Mr. Alston was not an<span>
					</span>employee, Respondent submitted two<span><span></span>
					</span>post-hearing statements<span><span></span>
					</span>from<span><span></span>
					</span>Mrs. Tynisha Gregory-Benschop and Mr. Eric Sullivan. (Tr. 393-95, 414;<span>
					</span>Exs. R-1, R-2, R-3).<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Sullivan’s<span>
					</span>3-page<span>
					</span>handwritten,<span>
					</span>signed<span><span></span>
					</span>statement had been<span><span></span>
					</span>photographed, and sent to Mrs. Gregory-Benschop by phone; it was not notarized or otherwise validated. (Exs. R-1, R-2). <span><span></span>
					</span>In his written statement, Mr. Sullivan asserts<span>
					</span>that Mr. Alston never helped Mr. Benschop with demolition work. Instead,<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>only<span>
					</span>provided transportation for Mr. Benschop and<span>
					</span>hauled<span><span></span>
					</span>scrap metal. (Ex. R-2). In his post-hearing statement,<span>
					</span>Mr. Sullivan<span>
					</span>stated that<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Campbell had not allowed<span><span></span>
					</span>independent contractors<span>
					</span>to work<span>
					</span>at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite. If<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston was working at the site he must have been working for Campbell. (Ex. R-2). Additionally,<span>
					</span>Mr. Sullivan<span>
					</span>thought<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston did not have enough demolition experience to work at the Market Street project. (Ex. R-2). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The undersigned finds Mr. Sullivan’s statement has no credibility with respect to Mr. Alston’s status at the worksite. Mr. Sullivan was not present at the worksite so<span>
					</span>he<span>
					</span>had no personal knowledge of what occurred. Further, Mr. Sullivan<span><span></span>
					</span>wrote his statement—neither sworn nor subjected to direct cross examination—over 3 years after the building collapse.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mrs. Gregory-Benschop<span>
					</span>also<span>
					</span>submitted a post-hearing statement,<span><span></span>
					</span>which was neither<span><span></span>
					</span>notarized<span>
					</span>nor validated. (Exs. R-1, R-3).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Mrs. Gregory-Benschop stated that, to her knowledge, Mr. Alston was never hired for<span><span></span>
					</span>demolition work at the Market Street site. (Ex. R-3). As a partner in S&R, she had written checks on behalf of Mr. Benschop for Mr. Alston’s services. (Ex. R-3). She stated that<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was<span>
					</span>paid<span>
					</span>either<span>
					</span>at the end of the work week or daily as a driver. (Ex. R-3). Mr. Alston had been hired to transport, run errands, and haul scrap metal for Mr. Benschop. (Ex. R-3). She knew<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston had<span>
					</span>also<span>
					</span>been paid<span>
					</span>to repair a damaged fence at S&R’s<span><span></span>
					</span>Page Street worksite. (Ex. R-3). Further, it was her<span><span></span>
					</span>understanding that only<span><span></span>
					</span>Campbell could hire workers at the Market Street site; Campbell ran the worksite, not S&R. (Ex. R-3).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The undersigned finds Mrs. Gregory-Benschop’s statement has little credibility with respect to Mr. Alston’s role at the Market Street worksite. Mrs. Gregory-Benschop was not at the Market Street worksite. Further,<span><span></span>
					</span>her role in the business was limited to administrative work<span><span></span>
					</span>not<span>
					</span>onsite work. Mr. Sullivan<span><span></span>
					</span>made his<span><span></span>
					</span>statement<span><span></span>
					</span>over 3 years after the collapse,<span>
					</span>which<span>
					</span>was not a sworn statement,<span>
					</span>nor was it<span><span></span>
					</span>subject to direct or cross examination. Finally, as a partner in S&R, she is not an objective source of information.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The post-hearing statements of Mrs. Gregory-Benschop and Mr. Sullivan are not dispositive in determining whether Mr. Alston was an employee at the Market Street worksite.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">C</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">redible evidence shows Alston was Respondent’</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">s employee</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The weight of the<span>
					</span>credible<span>
					</span>evidence shows that Mr. Alston was an employee of Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>had been<span><span></span>
					</span>working at the Market Street worksite as Mr. Benschop’s assistant. In their various statements<span><span></span>
					</span>and interviews,<span>
					</span>Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Alston, and Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>generally agreed that Mr. Alston had<span>
					</span>been Respondent’s employee prior to the Market Street worksite.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref28" href="#ftn28">29</a></span> (Tr.<span>
					</span>22-23, 134-35,<span>
					</span>250-51, 258-61,<span>
					</span>274, 338-39; Ex. C-16,<span><span></span>
					</span>p. 1; Ex. C-33;<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, p. 14<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>21);<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex.<span>
					</span>C-32, p.<span>
					</span>8<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-A, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>8)). The dispute lies in whether Mr. Alston was an employee working at the Market Street worksite.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>admitted<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>was his employee on several occasions. The day after the collapse,<span>
					</span>CO Carle interviewed Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop in the hospital, where he told her that<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston<span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>assisted him at the Market Street worksite. (Tr. 250-51, 258-60). Several times during his<span>
					</span>October 8, 2015<span>
					</span>testimony at the Campbell criminal trial,<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>consistently referred to<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston as his assistant and employee.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr.<span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">134-35, 143, 145</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 165</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 169</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>pp.<span>
					</span>9,<span>
					</span>21, 23, 48, 55<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>14, 30, 34, 109, 120)).<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>For example, when asked whether anyone worked for him or was with him at the Market Street worksite, he replied<span>
					</span>with the following:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">“Question: Did you have anybody that worked for you on that job?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: Who worked for you?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Darryl. I just know him by Darryl. I don't know his last name.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: You're referring to Darryl Alston?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">(Tr. 134-35;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>p.<span>
					</span>9<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 14)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">“Question: All right. When you arrived on<span><span></span>
					</span>Sunday, June 2, did you bring anybody<span>
					</span>with you?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes, Darryl.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: Darryl Alston?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: And what was Darryl's role coming with you?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Darryl was like the man that take[s]<span><span></span>
					</span>me to get diesel. He go[es]<span><span></span>
					</span>for the<span><span></span>
					</span>diesel. He go[es]<span><span></span>
					</span>for the hydraulic fuel. He drive[s]<span><span></span>
					</span>me around whatever I have -- wherever I have to go.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: Okay. So he was your assistant?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: And he was your employee?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes, he was.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Question: You paid him?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes, I brought him.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">(Tr. 143-44;<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>p.<span>
					</span>21<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 30)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">“Question: So you did get a chainsaw and Darryl was able to cut that?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">(Tr. 145<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>p.<span>
					</span>23<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 34)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">“Question: Now who was working for you that day, sir?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Darryl.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">(Tr. 165;<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>p.<span><span></span>
					</span>48<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 109)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">“The Court: Who drove you to the hospital?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Witness: Darryl.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Mr. Hobson.<span><span></span>
					</span>Question: And Darryl works for you?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">Answer: Yes.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; ">(Tr. 169;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-17,<span><span></span>
					</span>p.<span>
					</span>55<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 120)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">These examples from Mr. Benschop’s sworn testimony show that he considered Mr. Alston his employee at the Market Street worksite.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Additionally, Mr. Alston stated he was an employee of the Respondent. In Mr. Alston’s signed statement from his<span>
					</span>June 14, 2013 OSHA interview,<span><span></span>
					</span>he stated that<span>
					</span>he had been a<span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t the</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Market S</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">treet worksite from 8</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to 6</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">P</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on Sunday, 1:30<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">P.M<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to 5</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">P.M.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on Tuesday, and 7:30<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.M.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to 10:30</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.M.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Wednesday</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, either doing demolitio</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n work or awaiting instruction</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from Mr. Benschop</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 287-88, 293</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-16</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, pp. 6, 8</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In Mr. Alston’s October 5, 2015 testimony at<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Campbell</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">criminal<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tria</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">l, he stated he was paid by<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop and<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had worked for<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop at the Market Street worksite. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">55-56;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-32</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, p</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 39-40<span>
						</span></span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>39-40)<span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Alston consistently stated he was Respondent’s employee</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>August 14, 2013 deposition</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Eric Sullivan stated<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop hired Mr. Alston to drive<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to worksites,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">run errands, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">do<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other small jobs. (Ex. 33, p. 66, 109). </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In his August 14, 2013 deposition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sullivan</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stated</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(in stark contrast to his post-hearing statement) that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worked for<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop at the Market Street worksite and that if<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entered a building, it would have been to assist<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">demolition work</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Ex. 33, pp. 65-66, 108-</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In that same deposition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Sullivan<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stated that he did not think of</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Alston a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“de</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">molition guy</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”; i</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ns</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tead,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston was just supporting<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop “in any little way that he could.” (Ex</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-33, p. 6</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Mr. Sullivan also stated that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Campbell did not pay<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop paid<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston. (Ex. 33, p.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">109).</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Sullivan’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2013<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">deposition statements are given greater credibility than his post-hearing statement. At his deposition, Mr. Sullivan was sworn, his statements were<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">officially transcribed</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and he was subject to direct questions from the Secretary’s counsel. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Even so</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Sullivan’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">deposition<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">statements are given<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">minimal</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>weight<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he was not at the worksite when Mr. Alston was there.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The weight of the most credible evidence shows that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston was considered to be<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s employee at the Market Street worksite. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Alston and Mr. Benschop’s sworn testimonies at the Campbell criminal trial show<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both believed Mr. Alston was Mr. Benschop’s assistant at the Market Street worksite. Further, their testimonies were consistent with their statements to OSHA during the post-collapse investigation.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence supporting Respondent’s assertion that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston did not work at the Market Street site consists of two p</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ost-hearing statements</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that were not subject to cross or direct examination and not otherwise substantiated</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>made over three years after the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop’s testimony at the hearing in the instant manner is given little credibility; it is to his benefit to believe that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston was not his employee</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Market Street worksite. Thus, Mr. Benschop’s testimony at the Campbell criminal hearing is given greater weight because<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">there<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he was testifying in a mat</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ter not related to his own self-</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">interest. Further, Mr. Benschop’s testimony at the criminal trial</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he considered<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston his assistant and employee,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is consistent with the statement he gave<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the CO the day after the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">accident.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">credible statements that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">support a finding that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston was<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, an an</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">alysis under<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s legal</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>precedent<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supports the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conclusion Mr.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alston was an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the Market Street worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Darden<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Analysis</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To determine whether the Secretary has established the existence of an employer-employee relationship, the Commission relies upon<span>
					</span>an analysis of<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span><span><span></span>
					</span>factors. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Sharon & Walter Constr., Inc.</span>, 23 BNA OSHC 1286, 1289 (No. 00-1402, 2010) (<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S&W</span>). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The OSH Act defines a</span>n employer as a “person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees.” 29 U.S.C. § 652(5). Person means “one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, business trusts, legal representatives, or any organized group of persons.” 29 U.S.C. § 652(4). An employee is defined as “an employee of an employer who is employed in a business of his employer which affects commerce.” 29 U.S.C. § 652(3)<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In similarly worded statutes, the Supreme Court has relied on the common law for guidance in determining whether an individual is an employee, or alte</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rnatively, the kind of person<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the common law would consider an employer. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Clackamas</span>, 538 U.S. 440, 444-45 (2003)<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Nationwide Mut</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "> Ins. Co. v. Darden</span>, 503 U.S. 318, 32
					2-23
					 (1992)<span><span></span>
					</span>(<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span>). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">In<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span>,<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>the Court sets forth several factors to consider when evaluating the existence of an employment relationship. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span>, 503 U.S. 
					at 
					323-24 (1992). The Commission follows<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden<span>
						</span></span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>emphasizes<span><span></span>
					</span>the critical factor in this analysis is the “right to control the manner and means by which the product [was] accomplished.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S&W</span>, 23 BNA OSHC at 1289,<span>
					</span>quoting<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Darden</span>, 503 U.S. at 323. In addition, the following factors are considered:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:0; orphans:0; ">the skill required [for the job]; the source of the instrumentalities and tools; the location of the work; the duration of the relationship between the parties; whether the hiring party has the right to assign additional projects to the hired party; the extent of the hired party’s discretion over when and how long to work, the method of payment; the hired party’s role in hiring and paying assistants; whether the work is part of the regular business of the hiring party; whether the hiring party is in business; the provision of employee benefits and the tax treatment of the hired party.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span>, 503 U.S. at 323-324 (citation omitted).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>An analysis of the evidence using the factors set forth in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Darden</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>shows</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Alston was an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Market Street worksite. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Benschop directed and controlled<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alston’s work, which is the most significant factor<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when evaluating<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee status.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Darden<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Factors</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref29" href="#ftn29">30</a></span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Hiring party’s right to control the manner and means by which the product is accomplished</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Alston’s June 14, 2013<span><span></span>
					</span>signed OSHA<span>
					</span>statement,<span>
					</span>Alston’s<span><span></span>
					</span>October 5, 2015<span>
					</span>testimony, Benschop’s<span>
					</span>October 8, 2015<span>
					</span>testimony, and Benschop’s<span>
					</span>June 6, 2013<span>
					</span>statement<span><span></span>
					</span>to CO Carle consistently show<span>
					</span>that Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>control over<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston’s work. (Tr. 22-23, 143-44, 250-51;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-17, p. 21<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>30); Ex. C-32, p. 9<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>9)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Benschop hired Mr. Alston to drive him to worksites and assist him in demolition-related activities at worksites. (Tr.<span>
					</span>22-23, 28-29, 32,<span>
					</span>260; Ex. C-16, pp. 4-6; Ex. C-32, pp. 7, 14, 17-18<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>7, 14, 17-18)). Mr. Alston drove Mr. Benschop to the Market Street worksite every<span><span></span>
					</span>day. On Sunday, June 2,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop had Mr. Alston assist him at the Market Street worksite by cutting an interior beam to start the machine demolition and using a water hose to keep the dust down.<span>
					</span>(Tr.<span>
					</span>28-29, 32,<span>
					</span>282-85;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, pp. 4-5; Ex. C-32, pp. 14, 16-18<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>14, 16-18)). On Tuesday,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop sent<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston to make post-demolition repairs<span><span></span>
					</span>at Respondent’s<span><span></span>
					</span>Page Street worksite. (Tr.<span>
					</span>36-38,<span>
					</span>268, 287-89; Ex. C-16, p. 6; Ex. C-32, pp. 21-22<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>21-22)). On Wednesday,<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop told<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston to wait at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite for<span>
					</span>further<span>
					</span>instructions<span>
					</span>about<span><span></span>
					</span>work to be done at the<span>
					</span>Page Street worksite. (Ex. C-16, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>6). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Benschop directed Mr. Alston’s<span>
					</span>work<span>
					</span>activities –<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston<span>
					</span>had no<span><span></span>
					</span>control over when, how, or where to work. Because this is the most significant factor,<span><span></span>
					</span>and other factors do not<span>
					</span>significantly<span>
					</span>weigh toward a contrary determination,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop’s control over the manner<span>
					</span>and means of<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston’s works supports<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>Respondent was Mr. Alston’s employer<span><span></span>
					</span>at the Market Street worksite. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Skill required</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr. Benschop was experienced in demolition work and was on the city’s master demolition list. Mr. Alston had<span>
					</span>little<span>
					</span>experience with demolition<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>was learning on-the-job<span><span></span>
					</span>from Mr. Benschop. Because Mr. Alston did not have the skill required to do demolition work independently, this factor<span>
					</span>weighs in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>Mr.<span><span></span>
					</span>Alston<span>
					</span>was<span><span></span>
					</span>an employee of<span>
					</span>Respondent.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Source of the instrumentalities and tools</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop required<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston to<span><span></span>
					</span>purchase a hardhat and safety glasses<span><span></span>
					</span>to use while working at the site. (Ex. C-16, p. 5). Mr. Alston did not provide<span>
					</span>the tools he<span>
					</span>used at the worksite on Sunday, June 2. Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>provided<span><span></span>
					</span>a<span><span></span>
					</span>chainsaw;<span><span></span>
					</span>when the chainsaw did not work, Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston used a chainsaw provided by the<span>
					</span>site’s<span>
					</span>general contractor, Campbell. (Tr.<span>
					</span>32-33,<span>
					</span>281-82;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>4-5;<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-32, p. 18<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>18)). The excavator at the worksite belonged to Mr. Benschop. (Tr. 131; Ex. C-17, p. 6 (CCT-B, p. 7). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Alston provided his own hardhat and safety glasses but was not responsible for providing the tools needed to complete<span>
					</span>the primary<span><span></span>
					</span>work at the site.<span>
					</span>This factor weighs in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>an employment relationship. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Duration of the relationship between the parties</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The record shows Mr. Alston was an employee prior to the Market Street worksite and that he was with Mr. Alston for the entirety of the project at the Market Street worksite. At the time of the<span>
					</span>June 5, 2013 building<span>
					</span>collapse,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston had worked for<span>
					</span>Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>approximately four to six weeks. (Tr.<span>
					</span>23,<span>
					</span>275; Ex. C-16, p. 1; Ex. C-32, p. 8 (CCT-A, p. 8)). He had started doing demolition work at a<span>
					</span>previous<span>
					</span>worksite on 63<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rd</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street and was usually paid $100 per day<span>
					</span>when he did<span><span></span>
					</span>fill-in demolition work. (Tr. 277; Ex. C-16, p. 2). With respect to the Market Street worksite, the record reveals that Mr. Alston was with Mr. Benschop every day that demolition work was done from June 2 to June 5, 2013. (Tr. 287-88, 293; Ex. C016, pp. 6, 8). During<span><span></span>
					</span>his June 14, 2013 OSHA interview,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston<span>
					</span>referred to himself as<span>
					</span>an<span>
					</span>employee of Respondent. (Tr. 259-60, 274-75; Ex. C-16, p. 1).<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>This factor weighs in favor of finding an employment relationship. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Whether the hiring party has the right to assign additional projects to the hired party</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr. Benschop assigned tasks to Mr. Alston. On Sunday, Mr. Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>was assigned to work at the Market Street site. On Tuesday, Mr. Benschop had<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston go to the Page Street site to make repairs. On Wednesday, Mr. Benschop had Mr. Alston wait<span>
					</span>at the Market Street site<span>
					</span>for instructions on additional repairs to be made at the Page Street site. Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>did<span><span></span>
					</span>various tasks as assigned by Mr. Benschop and was<span>
					</span>subject to<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop’s call<span><span></span>
					</span>for transportation to and from<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>worksites<span><span></span>
					</span>and for<span>
					</span>specific work assignments. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The evidence shows Mr. Benschop had the right to assign additional projects to Mr. Alston. This factor weighs heavily in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>an employment relationship.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Location of the work</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Benschop determined<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston’s work location. Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston either stayed at the Market Street site or worked at the Page Street site based on<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop’s daily instructions. (Tr. 287-89; Ex. C-16, pp. 6). This factor weighs in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>an employment relationship. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Extent of the hired party's discretion over when and how long to work</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>did not have a set schedule of work; he waited for Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop’s call. (Tr. 276-77; Ex. C-16, pp. 1-2). Mr. Alston drove Mr. Benschop to the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite each day and then Mr. Benschop directed him to work at<span><span></span>
					</span>either<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span><span></span>
					</span>or the Page<span>
					</span>Street worksite. (Tr. 33-37, 41, 56, 287-89;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p. 5; Ex. C-32, pp. 12, 14, 21, 24, 42<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p. 12, 14, 21, 24, 42)). The<span><span></span>
					</span>evidence shows that<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span>
					</span>determined when and how long Mr. Alston worked. This factor weighs heavily in favor of finding an employment relationship.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Method of p</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">ayment</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>paid<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Alston<span>
					</span>by<span>
					</span>cash or<span>
					</span>check<span><span></span>
					</span>on a daily or weekly basis. (Tr.<span>
					</span>35,<span>
					</span>276-278;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p.<span>
					</span>2; Ex. C-32, pp.<span><span></span>
					</span>20-21<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>20-21)). The undersigned<span>
					</span>finds<span><span></span>
					</span>this factor<span><span></span>
					</span>weighs in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>an employment relationship.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Whether the work is part of the regular business of the hiring party</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>is in the business of demolition and the work at the Market Street site was demolition. This factor weighs in favor of finding<span><span></span>
					</span>Respondent was<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston’s employer.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Whether the hiring party is a</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>business</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>S&R is a<span><span></span>
					</span>demolition<span>
					</span>company formed by Mr. Benschop and his wife<span>
					</span>in 2012. (Tr. 179). An excavator and backhoe<span>
					</span>owned by Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>were used<span>
					</span>for S&R’s business. (Tr. 131; Ex. C-17, p. 6 (CCT-B, p. 7)). S&R was an approved demolition contractor for the city of Philadelphia. (Tr.<span>
					</span>132-33<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-17, p. 8 (CCT-B, p. 9)). Because S&R is in the business of demolition and the work at the Market Street worksite was demolition, this factor weighs in favor of<span>
					</span>finding<span>
					</span>Respondent was Mr. Alston’s employer.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Conclusions Based on the</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Darden<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Test</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Based on the foregoing, and in particular, the<span>
					</span>key factor –<span><span></span>
					</span>control<span>
					</span>over Mr. Alston’s work activities –<span>
					</span>I conclude that<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston was<span>
					</span>Respondent’s<span><span></span>
					</span>employee at the Market Street worksite. <span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">In reaching this conclusion, I have considered<span>
					</span>Respondent’s assertion that Mr. Alston did not engage in demolition work and reject that assertion. The evidence shows that Mr. Alston was onsite all three days<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>used<span><span></span>
					</span>the excavator for<span>
					</span>demolition work<span>
					</span>at the Market Street site. Mr. Alston assisted<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop generally, and in particular, entered the building to cut a joist<span>
					</span>so the machine demolition could begin. For all three days, Mr. Alston was acting at the instruction of Mr. Benschop for that day’s work assignment.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>The weight of the<span>
					</span>credible<span>
					</span>evidence supports finding Mr. Alston was an employee of Respondent.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Credibility</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Assessments</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Generally, the undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>finds<span><span></span>
					</span>statements made under oath (such as,<span>
					</span>at<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Campbell<span><span></span>
					</span>criminal<span><span></span>
					</span>trial) or closer in time to the date of the<span><span></span>
					</span>collapse<span>
					</span>have greater<span><span></span>
					</span>credibility<span><span></span>
					</span>and thus<span>
					</span>are<span>
					</span>assigned<span><span></span>
					</span>greater<span>
					</span>weight. In that vein,<span>
					</span>statements made under oath<span>
					</span>that were<span>
					</span>subject to<span>
					</span>direct and<span>
					</span>cross-examination<span>
					</span>are<span><span></span>
					</span>more credible than<span>
					</span>sworn statements not subject to cross-examination and thus given greater<span>
					</span>weight.<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Additionally, the post-hearing statements from Mrs. Gregory-Benschop and Mr. Sullivan were not<span>
					</span>subject to direct or cross examination and not<span>
					</span>given under oath. Thus, to the extent those statements are not supported by other credible evidence, they are given little weight.<span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Mr. Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>consistently asserted that Mr. Alston was not his employee during the hearing<span><span></span>
					</span>for the instant case. This is<span><span></span>
					</span>in<span><span></span>
					</span>stark contrast to<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop’s<span><span></span>
					</span>sworn testimony at the Campbell<span>
					</span>criminal trial<span><span></span>
					</span>where he<span>
					</span>consistently<span>
					</span>stated that Mr. Alston was his employee and<span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>assisted<span>
					</span>him<span>
					</span>at the worksite.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 134-35, 143, 145, 165; Ex. C-17, pp. 14, 18, 30, 34, 48 (CCT-B, p. 21, 25, 44, 49, 109)).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Because of the vested interest he has in the outcome of the instant matter, the undersigned gives Mr. Benschop’s statements during the hearing for the instant manner less credibility than his statements under oath at the Campbell criminal trial. Thus,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop’s<span><span></span>
					</span>testimony at the Campbell<span>
					</span>criminal trial,<span><span></span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was his assistant and employee,<span><span></span>
					</span>is given greater weight than his<span>
					</span>statement<span><span></span>
					</span>during the hearing that<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was<span>
					</span>not<span>
					</span>an employee. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Jurisdiction</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Based upon the record, the<span>
					</span>undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>finds Respondent, at all relevant times, was engaged in a business affecting commerce<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref30" href="#ftn30">31</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>and was an employer within the meaning of sections 3(3) and 3(5) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 652(3) and (5)<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span> The undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>concludes that the Commission has jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter in this case.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Secretary’s Burden Of Proof</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To establish a violation of an OSHA standard, the Secretary must prove that: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) the terms of the standard were violated; (3) one or more employees had access to the cited condition; and (4) the employer knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative condition. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prod</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span>., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in relevant part</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>681 F.2d 69 (1st<span><span></span>
					</span>Cir. 1982). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Secretary<span>
					</span>alleges<span><span></span>
					</span>a<span>
					</span>willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.854(b), which requires:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:.667px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wall</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">section,</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which</span><span><span></span>
					</span>is<span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">more than</span><span><span></span>
					</span>one<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>story<span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>in<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">height,</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">shall</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">be</span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.111cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">permitted</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">stand</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">alone</span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">without</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">lateral</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">bracing</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>unless<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">such wall</span><span style="letter-spacing:.118cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">originally</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">designed</span><span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constructed</span><span><span></span>
					</span>to<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stand</span><span><span></span>
					</span>without<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">such</span><span style="letter-spacing:.118cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lateral</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">support,</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span><span></span>
					</span>is in<span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>condition</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safe</span><span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">enough</span><span><span></span>
					</span>to be<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>self-supporting.</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">All</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">walls</span><span><span></span>
					</span>shall be<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>left</span><span><span></span>
					</span>in a<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stable<span>
						</span></span>condition<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span><span></span>
					</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>end</span><span><span></span>
					</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:.086cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">each</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shift.</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mphasis added.)</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:0cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Secretary alleged that,<span><span></span>
					</span>at Respondent’s<span><span></span>
					</span>2136-38 Market Street worksite, Respondent<span><span></span>
					</span>permitted a three-to-four-story<span><span></span>
					</span>exterior masonry<span>
					</span>wall<span>
					</span>to stand alone<span>
					</span>without lateral bracing exposing employees to crushing hazards. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Citation<span>
						</span></span>and<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Complaint.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The standard is applicable</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Benschop was demolishing the<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Hoagie City<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">building</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Market Street worksite with an excavator.</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The wall section without lateral bracing was three to four stories in height.</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirements of the cited standard apply to Respondent</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The standard’s requirements were violated</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">.</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The evidence shows<span>
					</span>that by the end of<span>
					</span>Sunday, June 2, 2013,<span>
					</span>the excavator<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>demolished enough of the building<span>
					</span>that the wall next to the Salvation Army building had become a<span><span></span>
					</span>multi-story,<span><span></span>
					</span>freestanding wall<span><span></span>
					</span>without lateral support. (Tr. 152, 189-190; Ex. C-5; Ex. C-17, p. 44 (CCT-B, p. 96)). Mr. Benschop confirmed the<span><span></span>
					</span>photograph<span><span></span>
					</span>at Exhibit C-5<span><span></span>
					</span>showed<span>
					</span>the<span><span></span>
					</span>freestanding wall<span>
					</span>as it<span><span></span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>developed<span>
					</span>by the end of the day<span>
					</span>on Sunday, June 2. (Tr. 189-90;<span>
					</span>Ex.<span>
					</span>C-5). About 25% of the wall next to the Salvation<span><span></span>
					</span>Army<span>
					</span>had become an unsupported freestanding wall<span><span></span>
					</span>by the end of the day Sunday.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref31" href="#ftn31">32</a></span> (Exs. C-4, C-5). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">A photograph, Exhibit C-6,<span><span></span>
					</span>taken by a member of the public during the day on Tuesday,<span><span></span>
					</span>June 4, 2013, showed the freestanding wall above the Salvation Army had grown in size; about 50% of the wall<span>
					</span>adjoining<span><span></span>
					</span>the Salvation Army had become unsupported and freestanding. (Tr. 198; Ex. C-6). Mr. Benschop confirmed that it was his excavator in the photograph<span><span></span>
					</span>at Exhibit C-6<span><span></span>
					</span>and the photograph accurately portrayed the worksite on Tuesday, June 4, 2013. (Tr. 199; Ex. C-6). Another photograph taken at the end of the day June 4, 2013,<span><span></span>
					</span>shows the<span><span></span>
					</span>entire<span><span></span>
					</span>front portion of the building’s<span>
					</span>right<span>
					</span>(west) wall<span><span></span>
					</span>next to the Salvation Army, was<span><span></span>
					</span>still almost fully intact<span>
					</span>for<span>
					</span>three-four<span>
					</span>stories<span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>was not supported.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref32" href="#ftn32">33</a></span> (Tr. 202-03;<span><span></span>
					</span>Ex. C-8). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">These<span><span></span>
					</span>photographs show,<span><span></span>
					</span>and Mr. Benschop’s testimony confirms,<span><span></span>
					</span>the wall<span>
					</span>adjoining<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Salvation<span><span></span>
					</span>Army building was multi-story and<span><span></span>
					</span>unsupported. Respondent did not comply with the cited standard’s requirement to<span>
					</span>laterally support<span>
					</span>a multi-story wall<span><span></span>
					</span>section. The standard was violated. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; margin-left:0cm; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">An e</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">mployee</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>exposed to the hazard</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">’s zone of danger</span>.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To prove employee exposure, the Secretary must show that an employee was either actually exposed to the zone of danger,<span><span></span>
					</span>or that exposure was reasonably predictable. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Consol. Grain & Barge Co.,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>23 BNA OSHC 2055, 2065 (No. 10-0756, 2011) (citations omitted). The predictability of exposure can be determined through “evidence that employees while in the course of assigned work duties, personal comfort activities and normal means of ingress/egress would have access to the zone of danger.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing, Inc.</span>, 17 BNA OSHC 1076, 1079 n.6 (No. 90-2148, 1995),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span>,<span>
					</span>79 F.3d 1146 (5th Cir. 1996)<span><span></span>
					</span>(unpublished).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The zone of danger from the<span>
					</span>uncontrolled<span>
					</span>collapse of<span>
					</span>the<span><span></span>
					</span>three-to-four story freestanding<span>
					</span>Hoagie City<span>
					</span>wall was<span>
					</span>substantial.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 359-360, 365; Exs. C-9, C-12, C-29). Because the unsupported, freestanding wall at the Market Street worksite could have fallen in either direction, the zone of danger was much larger than the area<span><span></span>
					</span>affected by<span><span></span>
					</span>the June 5 collapse;<span><span></span>
					</span>the zone of danger<span><span></span>
					</span>also<span><span></span>
					</span>included the empty lot to the east of the Hoagie City building and onto Market Street<span>
					</span>itself, had the building collapsed<span>
					</span>to the east.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Hoagie City building, prior to demolition,<span><span></span>
					</span>was a four-story structure about 40-50 feet<span>
					</span>high<span><span></span>
					</span>that faced Market Street<span><span></span>
					</span>and extended about 120 feet back from the sidewalk. (Tr. 359-60). An aerial photograph of the site shows<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>area<span><span></span>
					</span>affected<span><span></span>
					</span>after<span><span></span>
					</span>the collapse. The debris<span>
					</span>was<span>
					</span>spread across<span><span></span>
					</span>a large area from within the Hoagie City building, covered<span><span></span>
					</span>most of the corner lot where the Salvation Army building<span>
					</span>had<span>
					</span>stood and<span>
					</span>then<span><span></span>
					</span>extended past the sidewalk<span>
					</span>west<span>
					</span>onto 22<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nd</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street. (Tr. 236, 358;<span>
					</span>Exs. C-9, C-12). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">A video of the collapse of the Hoagie City building was captured by the surveillance camera of a passing city bus. (Tr. 363;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-29). The video shows the collapse of the Hoagie City building onto the Salvation Army building, which then collapsed. The video shows pedestrians,<span><span></span>
					</span>that had been walking down the sidewalks,<span><span></span>
					</span>running away from the plume of dust and debris. (Ex. C-29). In addition to<span><span></span>
					</span>covering<span><span></span>
					</span>the corner lot<span>
					</span>at<span><span></span>
					</span>Market Street and 22<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nd</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street, the plume of dust and debris<span>
					</span>extended to one lane of Market Street and several lanes of 22<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nd</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street. (Ex. C-29).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The damage shown,<span><span></span>
					</span>in the photographs and video,<span><span></span>
					</span>occurred when<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Hoagie City<span>
					</span>building collapsed<span><span></span>
					</span>inward and toward the<span>
					</span>west. Had the building collapsed toward the east instead of the west, the debris would have likely covered the<span><span></span>
					</span>empty lot<span>
					</span>adjacent to the<span><span></span>
					</span>Hoagie City building<span><span></span>
					</span>to<span><span></span>
					</span>the east<span>
					</span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>gone<span>
					</span>further<span>
					</span>into<span><span></span>
					</span>Market Street. (Tr. 359-60, 365; Exs. C-1, C-21). <span style="background-color:#FFFF00; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary asserts that Mr. Alston was<span>
					</span>in the danger zone<span>
					</span>on Sunday, June 2, and Wednesday, June 5. (S. Br. 22; Tr. 187; Ex. C-5). <span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">At the time of the collapse<span><span></span>
					</span>on June 5, 2013, Mr. Alston was standing just east of the free-standing wall within the security fence on the adjacent empty lot at the Market Street worksite. (Tr. 49-51; 359-60, 365; Exs. C-1, C-6, C-32, pp. 34-35<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>34-35)). He<span><span></span>
					</span>had used his phone to video Mr. Benschop using the<span>
					</span>excavator<span>
					</span>to demolish the Hoagie City building about 30 minutes before the collapse.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref33" href="#ftn33">34</a></span> (Tr. 289, 345-46;<span>
					</span>Ex. C-16, p. 6; Ex. C-21; Ex.<span><span></span>
					</span>C-23). Because the zone of danger included the area where Mr. Alston was standing, he was exposed to injury from the collapse of the building. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On Sunday,<span>
					</span>June 2, 2013,<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston was standing next to the west wall of the Hoagie City building using<span>
					</span>a<span><span></span>
					</span>hose to keep the dust<span>
					</span>down while Mr. Benschop tore off the front of the building.<span>
					</span>(Tr. 34; Ex. C-17, p. 19-20 (CCT-B, p. 26-27)). On both Sunday and Wednesday, Mr. Alston was standing in the<span><span></span>
					</span>zone of danger from the collapse of<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>unsupported,<span>
					</span>multi-story<span>
					</span>freestanding wall. Further, because of the varied<span>
					</span>duties Mr. Benschop had Mr. Alston perform<span><span></span>
					</span>at the site,<span>
					</span>it is reasonably predictable that any time Mr. Alston was at the Market Street worksite between<span><span></span>
					</span>June<span>
					</span>2 and<span>
					</span>June 5, 2013, he was exposed to injury from the collapse of the unsupported, freestanding wall. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary has established that<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston was exposed to the hazard of the unsupported,<span>
					</span>multi-story<span>
					</span>freestanding wall while<span>
					</span>at<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite.<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>As discussed above, the Secretary proved Mr. Alston was Respondent’s employee.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent had knowledge of the hazardous condition.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To prove his prima facie case, the Secretary must prove the employer either knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative condition. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Revoli Constr. Co.</span>, 19 BNA OSHC 1682, 1684 (No. 00-0315, 2001). The employer’s knowledge is directed to the physical condition that constitutes a violation. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing</span>,<span><span></span>
					</span>17 BNA OSHC<span>
					</span>at<span>
					</span>1079-1080. It is not necessary to show that the employer knew or understood the condition was hazardous. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span>
				</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Here, the Secretary asserts that Mr. Benschop had actual knowledge<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>unsupported<span>
					</span>multi-story wall<span><span></span>
					</span>was hazardous. The undersigned agrees.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Mr. Benschop’s testimony at the hearing for the instant case and at the Campbell criminal trial<span><span></span>
					</span>both show that<span><span></span>
					</span>he had actual knowledge of the unsupported wall. Mr. Benschop, in demolishing the building from front-to-back and removing the interior structure,<span><span></span>
					</span>created the multi-story unsupported west wall. (Tr. 152-53, 167, 170, 204; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, pp. 30, 50-51, 56<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>44, 113-14, 163)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">In his hearing testimony, Mr. Benschop stated the free-standing wall had<span>
					</span>been created on Sunday, June 2. (Tr. 189-190; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-5). Mr. Benschop admitted that a photograph from June 3, 2013, also showed the free-standing west wall of the Hoagie City building and that about three-fourths of the façade had been removed. (Tr. 194; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-4). Further,<span>
					</span>at the hearing in the instant matter,<span>
					</span>he<span>
					</span>stated he had been<span>
					</span>concerned the wall would fall on the excavator while he was working. (Tr. 204, 210-11; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-8). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">At the Campbell criminal trial, Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>stated that he knew the freestanding wall was dangerous and told Mr. Campbell on Tuesday, June 4 he was concerned about<span>
					</span>the height of the wall. (Tr.<span>
					</span>147, 152; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, pp. 25, 30<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>39, 44)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The undersigned finds<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>had actual knowledge<span>
					</span>of the<span>
					</span>unsupported,<span>
					</span>multi-story freestanding wall at the Market Street worksite.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Secretary has proved<span>
					</span>the elements of<span>
					</span>his prima facie case for Citation 2,<span>
					</span>Item 1. <span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Willful Characterization</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary<span>
					</span>characterized Citation 2, Item<span><span></span>
					</span>1<span>
					</span>as<span><span></span>
					</span>a willful violation. The Secretary asserts that Respondent exhibited plain indifference to the hazardous condition at the worksite. Further, the Secretary asserts Respondent is collaterally estopped from denying willfulness because of the reckless state of mind related to the charges in his criminal conviction. (S. Br. 10, 26). The undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>finds<span><span></span>
					</span>the record supports a willful characterization.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">A willful violation is<span>
					</span>one where the employer’s<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>state of mind<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">demonstrates an “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">intentional, knowing, or voluntary disregard for the requirements of the Act or</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. plain indifference to employee safety.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">MVM</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Contracting Corp.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>23<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1164</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1167</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 07-1350</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2010)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citations omitted). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This state of mind is evident where “the employer was actually aware, at the time of th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e violative act,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the act was unlawful, or that it possessed a state of mind such that if it were informed of the standard, it would not care.”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Plain indifference<span>
					</span>can be<span>
					</span>established<span>
					</span>where the<span><span></span>
					</span>employer<span><span></span>
					</span>fails<span><span></span>
					</span>to take appropriate corrective action despite<span>
					</span>knowing<span><span></span>
					</span>a dangerous condition exists.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Elliot Constr. Corp.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2110</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2116-17</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 07-1578</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2012)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">se</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">e also,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Arcadian Corp.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>20<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC 2001,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2019<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>93-0628</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2004)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(finding willfulness where employer’s approach to employee safety was “reckless”)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Seward Motor Freight Inc.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>13<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2230</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2235</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 86-1691,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1989)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Willfulness means an employer demonstrated a reckless disregard for safety.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">A.E. Staley Mfg. Co.,<span>
						</span></span>295 F.3d 1341, 1350-53 (D.C. Cir. 2002)<span><span></span>
					</span>(Violations are willful where an employer exhibits plain indifference with respect to the violative conditions themselves.) </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The undersigned<span>
					</span>finds<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>demonstrated plain indifference to employee safety. Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop<span><span></span>
					</span>admitted<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>he continued to<span>
					</span>demolish the building even though he believed the<span>
					</span>freestanding wall was dangerous. On Sunday, June 2, he<span>
					</span>told his employee, Mr. Alston,<span><span></span>
					</span>to not<span>
					</span>go back into<span>
					</span>the building because it was not<span><span></span>
					</span>safe. (Tr.<span>
					</span>290-91; Ex. C-16, p.7). Mr. Benschop told Mr. Campbell<span>
					</span>several times<span>
					</span>he was concerned about the hazard presented by the<span>
					</span>freestanding west<span>
					</span>wall. (Tr.<span>
					</span>147, 152, 170,<span>
					</span>209; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, pp.<span>
					</span>25, 30,<span>
					</span>57-58<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>39, 44, 164-65)). Mr. Benschop stated that on Tuesday, June 4, he had asked Mr. Campbell about the unsupported right wall and Mr. Campbell had told him to just take down the east wall with the excavator – his employees would take down the west wall adjacent to the Salvation Army building. (Tr. 201).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Mr. Benschop admitted that when he came to the worksite on Wednesday, June 5,<span><span></span>
					</span>he could see very little had changed; most of the multi-story, freestanding west wall was still three to four stories in height. At the Campbell criminal trial,<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop stated that he<span>
					</span>believed it was his chipping away at the east wall that caused the building’s collapse. (Tr. 170; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, p. 56<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span><span></span>
					</span>163)). He also<span>
					</span>stated<span>
					</span>that he had told Campbell “over and over<span><span></span>
					</span>and over” that<span>
					</span>it was dangerous to<span>
					</span>chip away at the<span>
					</span>east wall while<span><span></span>
					</span>there were people inside the Salvation Army store. (Tr. 170-71; Ex.<span>
					</span>C-17, pp. 57-58<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p.<span>
					</span>164-65)). And<span>
					</span>he<span>
					</span>admitted that,<span><span></span>
					</span>despite this, he<span>
					</span>used<span><span></span>
					</span>the excavator to chip away at the building’s east wall until the building collapsed at 10:42<span>
					</span>A.M. on June 5, 2013. (Tr. 170-71; Ex. C-17, pp. 56-58<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>CCT-B, p. 163-65)). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The undersigned<span><span></span>
					</span>finds<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop knew the wall was unsupported and dangerous, yet he made no effort to correct the hazard and continued to use the excavator to demolish the building until it collapsed. Mr. Benschop exhibited plain indifference to the hazardous condition. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary has proved the Respondent’s actions at the worksite exhibited plain indifference and thus has proved the violation was willful.<span>
					</span><span style="text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Collateral Estoppel</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Additionally, the Secretary argues the common law doctrine of collateral estoppel prevents<span>
					</span>Respondent<span>
					</span>from claiming<span>
					</span>his actions were<span><span></span>
					</span>not willful. (S. Br. 25-26). The Secretary asserts Mr. Benschop’s<span>
					</span>guilty plea in<span>
					</span>the criminal case related to<span>
					</span>his actions at the Market Street<span>
					</span>worksite also supports the willful characterization of the violation.<span>
					</span>(S. Br. 26; Ex. C-18).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Third Circuit<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref34" href="#ftn34">35</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>recognizes the right of a quasi-judicial federal agency to use<span>
					</span>the doctrine of<span>
					</span>collateral estoppel when considering an issue adjudicated in a prior criminal proceeding. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Chisholm v. Def. Logistics Agency</span>, 656 F.2d 42, 46-48 (3d Cir. 1981)<span><span></span>
					</span>(“<span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A prior criminal conviction based on the same misconduct is ordinarily premised on the occurrence of the misconduct.<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There is therefore no logical reason why the prior conviction should not be given collateral estoppel effect to establish this relevant predicate fact.”)</span>;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also, Shaffer v. Smith</span>, 673<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.2d</span><span><span></span>
					</span>872,<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">874-75</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Pa. 1996)</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Folino</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Young</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>568<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.2d</span><span><span></span>
					</span>171<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pa.<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1990) (</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“It</span><span><span></span>
					</span>is well<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">established</span><span><span></span>
					</span>that a<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>criminal</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conviction</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">collaterally</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">estops</span><span><span></span>
					</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>defendant from<span><span></span>
					</span>denying his acts in a subsequent civil trial.”).<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission also<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">recognizes the doctrine</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of collateral estoppel</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Caterpillar Tractor Co.,<span>
						</span></span>12<span><span></span>
					</span>BNA OSHC 1768,<span>
					</span>1768<span>
					</span>(No. 80-4061, 1986)<span><span></span>
					</span>(<span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“once an issue is actually and necessarily determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, that determination is conclusive in subsequent suits”) (citations omitted)</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:9pt; font-family:Arial; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-family:Arial; font-size:9pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The party seeking collateral estoppel must prove the following:<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1) the issue decided in the prior adjudication must be identical with the one presented in the later action;</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2) there must have been a final judgment on the merits;</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3) the party against whom collateral estoppel is asserted must have been a party or in privity with the party to the prior adjudication; and</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4) the party against whom collateral estoppel is asserted must have had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in question in the prior adjudication.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref35" href="#ftn35">36</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:1.5; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Witkowski v. Welch</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 173 F.3d 192, 199 (3d Cir. 1999)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citations omitted).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Was the</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>issue decided in<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Benshop’s criminal proceeding</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>the same as in the instant case?</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The undersigned finds the actions and facts at issue in Mr. Benschop’s criminal case are the same as those in the instant case.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commonwealth</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Pennsylvania charged Mr. Benschop for actions leading to the death of six people and injury of 12 others. (Ex. 18, p. 21). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span>proceeding was before the Honorable Glenn B. Bronson in the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Commonwealth v. Sean Benschop</span>, CP-51-CR-0001791-2014 and CP-51-CR-0001792-2014.<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At issue in Mr. Benshop’s criminal case was his culpability for actions at the Market Street worksite from June 2 to June 5, 2013, leadi</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ng to the collapse of a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>three-to-four story partially demolished wall onto the adjacent Salvation Army building. (Ex. C-18, pp. 19-22). The instant matter is also about Mr. Benschop’s demolition activities at the Market Street worksite from June 2 to June 5, 2013. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">On July 21, 2015,<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Benschop pled guilty to six counts of involuntary manslaughter, twelve counts of reckless endangerment of another person, one count of causing a catastrophe, one count of conspiracy to cause a catastrophe, and one count of aggravated assault in the<span>
					</span>state’s<span>
					</span>criminal case<span><span></span>
					</span>against Mr. Benschop for the June 5, 2013<span>
					</span>wall collapse<span>
					</span>onto the Salvation Army building adjacent to the Market City worksite in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As a part of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">guilty plea</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hearing</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Judge Bronson explained to Mr. Benschop that</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, for several of the counts—i.e., reckless endangerment of another person—</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the state of Pennsylvania would have to prove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the element of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">recklessness</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Judge Bronson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>explained that recklessness</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is defined as:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:54px; "><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The defendant’s</span><span><span></span>
					</span>conduct<span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>is<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reckless</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when</span><span><span></span>
					</span>he’s aware<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="letter-spacing:.065cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>consciously<span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disregards</span><span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>a<span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">substantial</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unjustifiable risk</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="letter-spacing:.125cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">death</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">result</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from</span><span><span></span>
					</span>this<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conduct.</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span>nature<span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">degree<span>
						</span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>the<span style="letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">risk</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">being</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>such<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span><span></span>
					</span>it is grossly<span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>unreasonable<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for</span><span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>him to<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disregard</span><span style="letter-spacing:.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>it.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:0cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal "><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span>Ex.<span>
					</span>C-18<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span><span></span>
					</span>pp.<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12-13, 15).</span>
				</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The<span>
					</span>underlying facts that supported<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>Commonwealth’s<span>
					</span>charge of recklessness also support a characterization of<span><span></span>
					</span>willfulness<span><span></span>
					</span>in the instant matter. Here,<span>
					</span>the Secretary must prove Respondent’s<span><span></span>
					</span>actions were done with “intentional, knowing or voluntary disregard for the requirements of the Act or with plain indifference to employee safety.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Burkes Mech., Inc.,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>21 BNA<span>
					</span>OSHC 2136, 2140 (No. 04-0475, 2007).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">As discussed above,<span>
					</span>the undersigned finds<span><span></span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop<span>
					</span>exhibited plain indifference when he continued to demolish the Hoagie City<span>
					</span>building with<span><span></span>
					</span>the excavator even though he knew it was not the proper way to demolish the building and<span>
					</span>he believed the<span><span></span>
					</span>building’s<span><span></span>
					</span>multi-story, freestanding west wall<span>
					</span>was<span><span></span>
					</span>dangerous. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The undersigned finds the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">relevant facts for the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">issue in the instant matter are</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the same as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the issue<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in Mr. Benschop’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">criminal adjudication. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>a p</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">arty in privity with<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Mr. Benscho</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">p.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“A determination by a court in a prior action binds not only parties to t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hat action but also persons in privity</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to those parties.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Caterpillar Tractor Co</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 12 BNA OSHC 1768,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8-6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">80-4061</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1986)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(internal quotations omitted) (citations omitted)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Toll Bros., Inc. v. Cent. Sur. Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 318 F. App</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">x 107, 110–11 (3d Cir. 2009)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(unpublished)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Privity is such an “identification of interest of one person with another as to represent the same legal right.”)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(cit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ations omitted).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref36" href="#ftn36">37</a></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr. Benschop represented Respondent,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">pro se</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, in the instant matter. Respondent, S&R, was created and owned by Mr. Be</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nschop and his wife. (Tr. 179</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Mr. Benschop controlled S&R and was the owner and operator of the excavator used for S&R’s demolition work. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, Respondent</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, S&R,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is in privity wi</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th Mr. Benschop</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">T</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">here</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">a final judgement on the merits.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">In a proceeding<span>
					</span>on July 21, 2015,<span>
					</span>before the Honorable Glenn B. Bronson in the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Commonwealth v. Sean Benschop</span>, CP-51-CR-0001791-2014 and CP-51-CR-0001792-2014,<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span>Benschop pled guilty to six counts of involuntary manslaughter, twelve counts of reckless endangerment of another person, one count of causing a catastrophe, one count of conspiracy to cause a catastrophe, and one count of aggravated assault in the<span>
					</span>Commonwealth’s<span><span></span>
					</span>criminal case<span><span></span>
					</span>against Mr. Benschop for the<span>
					</span>June 5, 2013<span>
					</span>wall collapse<span>
					</span>onto the Salvation Army building adjacent to the Market Street worksite. (Exs. C-18, C-19).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The undersigned finds Mr. Benschop’s guilty plea was a final judgement on the merits. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">T</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">here<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">a f</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">ul</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">l and f</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">air opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior adjudication</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">.</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The undersigned finds<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in question<span><span></span>
					</span>during his criminal proceedings.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref37" href="#ftn37">38</a></span>
				</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Third Circuit has found that when “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a conviction is the result of a guilty plea, its preclusive effect extends to all issues that are necessarily admitted in the plea.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Anderson v. C.I.R.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>698 F.3d 160, 164 (3d Cir. 2012)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">citing</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">De Cavalcante v. Comm'r,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>620 F.2d 23, 27 n. 9 (3d Cir.1980);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. $448,342.85,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>969 F.2d 474, 476 (7th Cir.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1992);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. Wight,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>839 F.2d 193, 196 (4th Cir.1987);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. Podell,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>572 F.2d 31, 35 (2d Cir.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1978).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The charges,<span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>elements of proof related to those charges,<span><span></span>
					</span>were carefully explained to Mr. Benschop by Judge Bronson at the guilty plea hearing. Mr. Benschop was represented by counsel and<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop told the judge he understood the charges he was pleading guilty to. Further,<span>
					</span>after the charges had been read to him,<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop averred<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>he<span><span></span>
					</span>had signed the guilty plea colloquy document<span><span></span>
					</span>of his own free will. (Ex. C-18, pp. 8-10). <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See generally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Colliton v. Donnelly,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>399 Fed. Appx 619, 620</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21 (2d Cir. 2010)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(unpublished)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(finding Colliton k</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nowingly</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and without coercion,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>entered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">plea in which he admitted he was guilty of the offenses</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The undersigned finds the Secretary proved<span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop was collaterally estopped from denying the behavior at the<span>
					</span>Market Street<span><span></span>
					</span>worksite that<span>
					</span>constituted the basis for charges in his criminal proceeding and for the citations at issue in the instant manner.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The undersigned finds<span><span></span>
					</span>the willful characterization is supported by the record<span><span></span>
					</span>as a whole and Mr. Benshop is estopped from denying his underlying reckless and indifferent behavior at the Market Street worksite.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Secretary met his burden</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The Secretary has the burden of proving<span>
					</span>Respondent violated the standard by<span><span></span>
					</span>a preponderance of the evidence. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prods.,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff'd in relevant part</span>, 681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Even though Mr. Benschop asserted throughout the<span><span></span>
					</span>hearing for the instant matter<span><span></span>
					</span>that Mr. Alston was not an employee, the weight of the evidence supports a finding that Mr. Alston was Respondent’s employee. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Alston consistently stated he was working for Mr. Benschop at the worksite, including cutting a beam to start the mechanical demolition process on Sunday, June 2, 2013. Mr. Alston stated that he was an employee of Respondent in his June 14, 2013 OSHA interview and signed statement and during his sworn<span>
					</span>October 5, 2015<span>
					</span>testimony<span><span></span>
					</span>at the Campbell criminal trial. (Exs. C-16, C-32).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Eric Sullivan’s August 4, 2013 deposition, under oath, where he stated Mr. Alston worked<span>
					</span>for and was paid by Mr. Benschop is consistent with Mr. Alston’s statement and testimony. (Ex. 33, pp. 65, 108-09).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Finally, in Mr. Benschop’s June 6, 2013 OSHA interview and his sworn October 8, 2015 testimony, he consistently stated that Mr. Alston was his employee. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">The two post-hearing statements from Mr. Sullivan and Mrs. Gregory-Benschop have been considered and are determined to be less credible because of the time elapsed since the collapse and that neither statement was taken under oath or<span><span></span>
					</span>subject to questioning.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Mr. Benschop’s assertions through the instant hearing were also considered. However, the undersigned has determined that his sworn testimony at Campbell’s criminal is more credible because it was closer<span><span></span>
					</span>in time to the collapse (2.5 v. 3.5 years) and because, as the owner, Mr. Benschop has a stake in the outcome of the instant matter against Respondent. Further, Mr. Benschop’s October 8, 2015 testimony—where<span><span></span>
					</span>he admitted Mr. Alston was an employee—was<span><span></span>
					</span>consistent with other credible evidence in the record. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; ">Respondent’s arguments have been considered but the preponderance of evidence supports the Secretary’s assertion that Mr. Alston was an employee of the Respondent. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Penalty</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Section 17(j) of the Act requires the Commission to give due consideration to four criteria in assessing penalties:<span><span></span>
					</span>the size of the employer’s business, the gravity of the violation, the employer’s good faith, and its prior history of violations. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Compass Envtl</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span>,<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>23 BNA OSHC 1132, 1137<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 06-1036, 2010)<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span>, 663 F.3d 1164 (10th<span><span></span>
					</span>Cir. 2011). The gravity of the violation is generally accorded greater weight. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J. A. Jones Constr. Co.</span>, 15 BNA OSHC 2201, 2214 (No. 87-2059, 1993). The maximum penalty for a willful citation is $70,000.<span>
					</span>29 U.S.C. § 666(a). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary proposed a penalty of $70,000.00. AAD<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>DeJesse testified</span><span><span></span>
					</span>that the<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation</span><span><span></span>
					</span>was rated<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">high<span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gravity</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>because<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the condition</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">posed</span><span><span></span>
					</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>risk</span><span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>death</span><span><span></span>
					</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>serious<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injury</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>(Tr.<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">369).</span><span style="letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>He also<span><span></span>
					</span>testified that the probability was greater, due to the unsafe nature of the thirty-to-forty-foot high freestanding wall, and<span><span></span>
					</span>the multi-day<span><span></span>
					</span>duration of the condition. (Tr. 369-371).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>OSHA did not<span>
					</span>provide<span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>penalty<span style="letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>reduction<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for<span>
						</span></span>size,<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">history,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>good<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">faith,</span><span><span></span>
					</span>due<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>to<span>
					</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span><span></span>
					</span>willful<span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conduct.</span><span style="letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.</span><span style="letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">366-369).</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Once a citation is contested, the Commission and its judges have the authority to assess penalties,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span>,<span><span></span>
					</span>based on the facts of each case and the<span><span></span>
					</span>criteria<span><span></span>
					</span>set forth in<span>
					</span>section<span>
					</span>17(j) of the Act.<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak Corp</span>., 17 BNA OSHC 1135, 1138 (No. 93-0239, 1995).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The undersigned agrees with the Secretary’s assessments for gravity, good faith and history. However, the undersigned believes a discount for<span>
					</span>employer<span><span></span>
					</span>size should be provided due to the very small size of the Respondent’s company.<span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref38" href="#ftn38">39</a></span> Thus, a 20 percent reduction is applied to the proposed penalty resulting in a final assessed penalty of $56,000.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>All findings of fact and conclusions of law relevant and necessary to a determination of the contested issues have been made above. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a). All proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law inconsistent with this decision are denied.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="line-height:2; ">Based upon the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is<span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDERED</span>:</p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:0cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="padding-right:20px;">1.</span>Citation 1, Items 1 and 2 were withdrawn by<span><span></span>
				</span>the Secretary and thus VACATED.</p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:0cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="padding-right:20px;">2.</span>Citation 2, Item 1, alleging a<span>
				</span>Willful<span><span></span>
				</span>violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span><span></span>
				</span>1926.854(b), is AFFIRMED, and a penalty of $56,000.00<span><span></span>
				</span>is<span>
				</span>ASSESSED.</p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                        <span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/Covette Rooney </span><span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                        Covette Rooney</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                        Chief Administrative Law Judge</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">Dated:<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>July 24, 2017</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Washington, D.C.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:-.007cm; margin-right:7.267px; ">
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On</span><span style="font-size:10pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">November</span><span style="font-size:10pt; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">20,</span><span style="font-size:10pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">2015,</span><span style="font-size:10pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">John J. Delany, III, Esq.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Delany McBride, P.S.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">withdre</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">w<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">as Respondent’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">from this</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>matter.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The address of the Hoagie City building, which is the particular focus of the OSHA citation, is 2136-2138 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">OSHA hand-delivered the citation package to Mr. Benschop at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where Benschop was held at that time</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> (Tr. 373).</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Citation issued on November 14, 2013 also included two alleged serious violations of OSHA’s demolition standard. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See Complaint. </span>The alleged serious violations were withdrawn by the Secretary at the<span>
					</span>start of the hearing (Tr.<span><span></span>
					</span>9-10).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Commission Rule 9 sets forth: “Cases may be consolidated . . . where there exist common parties, common questions of law or fact or in such other circumstances as justice or the administration of the Act requires.” 29 C.F.R. § 2200.9. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">6 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The settlement became a final order of the Commission on February 8, 2016.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">7 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop was incarcerated at<span>
					</span>SCI<span>
					</span>Rockview<span>
					</span>in Bellefonte,<span><span></span>
					</span>Pennsylvania<span><span></span>
					</span>at the time of the hearing.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">8 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>During a March 2, 2016 conference call, Respondent demonstrated that he was fluent in speaking and understanding English to the undersigned. Mr. Benschop’s prison counselor later informed the undersigned that Respondent’s ability to read pleadings in English was<span>
					</span>deficient. Thus, pleadings thereafter were presented in both English and<span>
					</span>Spanish. However, at the hearing, Mr. Benschop indicated that his ability to read any language was limited. (Tr.<span>
					</span>16-18). Thus, this Decision and Order is issued in English with no translation.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">9 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Citations to Darryl Alston’s testimony at the Campbell criminal trial will also be noted with the designation “CCT-A.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">10 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>OSHA Compliance Officer Sarah Carle took notes during<span><span></span>
					</span>her June 14, 2013 interview with Mr. Alston, which Mr. Alston then signed. (Tr. 259, 262). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">11 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The jury trial was before the Honorable Glenn B. Bronson in the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Commonwealth v.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Griffin T. Campbell</span>, CP-51-CR-0001793-2014 (Campbell<span>
					</span>criminal<span>
					</span>trial).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">12 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Citations to Sean Benschop’s testimony at the Campbell criminal trial will also be noted with the designation “CCT-B.”</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">13 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The plea proceeding was before the Honorable Glenn B. Bronson in the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Commonwealth v. Sean Benschop</span>, CP-51-CR-0001791-2014 and CP-51-CR-0001792-2014.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">14 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Eric Sullivan routinely assisted Mr. Benschop on demolition jobs. (Tr.<span>
					</span>188-89; Ex. J-1). Mr. Benschop was introduced to Griffin Campbell by Mr. Sullivan. (Tr.<span>
					</span>75). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">15 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mrs. Benschop-Gregory started S&R with Sean Benschop and maintained the accounting and other administrative functions of the business. (Tr.<span>
					</span>179, 411-12).<span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Specifically, Mr. Benschop stated: “</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">I don't have no objection with it. I don't have no objection with it because I know it's not true. I was not the subcontractor.” (Tr. 387).</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> Exhibit J-1 was not read into the record.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn16" href="#ftnref16"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Eric Sullivan was deposed at Department of Labor</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Philadelphia, PA office by Complainant’s</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>attorneys, Michael P. Doyle and Jennifer L. Klimowicz on August 14, 2013. (Ex. C-33).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn17" href="#ftnref17"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">18 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>William Hobson,<span>
					</span>identified as Mr. Benschop’s attorney,<span>
					</span>was present for most of CO<span><span></span>
					</span>Carle’s interview with Mr. Benschop. (Tr. 256). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn18" href="#ftnref18"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">19 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop explained that when demolishing by hand from the top down, a hole of about 10 feet, which is roughly 10 feet in from the wall,<span><span></span>
					</span>is made in each floor creating a chute for the bricks to be dropped through to the basement as<span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">they are</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>removed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">floor-by-floor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">138</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">, 182-83</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">; Ex. C-15, p. 22<span>
						</span></span>(CCT-B, p. 22)<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn19" href="#ftnref19"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">20 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>As discussed below, the undersigned finds that Darryl Alston was an employee of Respondent.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn20" href="#ftnref20"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Mr. Sullivan had worked for Respondent about 1 1⁄2 years and was an assistant and foreman at demolition worksites. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">C-</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">33, pp. 16, 24, 49). Prior to June 2, 2013, Sullivan had worked for Mr. Campbell doing demolition work on other buildings at the Market Street worksite for about 3 weeks in May 2013. (Ex. 33, pp. 13, 3</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">3-34). Mr. Sullivan did some minimal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">to demolish</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Hoagie City building</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Friday or Saturday before the collapse</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">; he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">argued</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Campbell</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>about the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">plan to demolish the building. Mr. Sullivan did not return to the worksite after his argument with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Campbell. (Ex. C-33, pp. 41, 44-45, 86).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn21" href="#ftnref21"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">22 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Alston explained that because Mr. Benschop was from Guyana and had an accent, it was difficult to understand his instructions. In those situations, Mr. Sullivan explained the task. (Tr. 277; Ex. C-16, p. 3).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn22" href="#ftnref22"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">23 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Alston was at the Market Street worksite from 8:00<span><span></span>
					</span>A.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>to 6:00<span><span></span>
					</span>P.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>on Sunday, 1:30<span><span></span>
					</span>P.M.<span>
					</span>to 5:00<span><span></span>
					</span>P.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>on Tuesday, and 7:30<span><span></span>
					</span>A.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>to 10:30<span><span></span>
					</span>A.M.<span><span></span>
					</span>on<span>
					</span>Wednesday. (Tr. 287-88, 293; Ex. C-16, pp. 6, 8). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn23" href="#ftnref23"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">24 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop testified at the hearing for the instant case that on Tuesday, June 4, Alston had stayed at the Market Street worksite; Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>had not gone to the Page Street worksite<span>
					</span>work there was<span>
					</span>completed. (Tr. 196-97). This directly contradicts Mr. Alston’s sworn testimony at the Campbell criminal trial (Tr.<span>
					</span>36, 287-89; Ex. 32, p.<span>
					</span>22<span><span></span>
					</span>(CCT-A, p.<span>
					</span>22)) and Alston’s<span><span></span>
					</span>statement to OSHA nine<span><span></span>
					</span>days after the accident. (Ex. C-16, pp. 6,<span><span></span>
					</span>8).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>No weight is given to Mr. Benschop’s assertion at the hearing that Alston did<span>
					</span>not work at<span><span></span>
					</span>the Page Street worksite on Tuesday, June 4, 2013.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>The undersigned finds Mr. Alston did go to Page Street as reflected in his sworn testimony and signed OSHA interview statement.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn24" href="#ftnref24"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">25 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The photograph was taken by the project’s architect, Plato Marinakos. (Tr. 202).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn25" href="#ftnref25"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">26 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Benschop indicated that he needed the money because he had not yet been paid by the city for jobs he had completed earlier that year. (Tr. 179, 187).<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn26" href="#ftnref26"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">27 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Hoagie City building, prior to demolition, was a four-story structure about 40-50 feet high that faced Market Street and extended about 120 feet back from the sidewalk. (Tr. 359-60). An aerial photograph of the site after the collapse shows the area affected after the collapse. The debris was spread across a large area from within the Hoagie City building, covered most of the corner lot where the Salvation Army building had stood and then extended past the sidewalk west onto 22nd Street. (Exs. C-9, C-12). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn27" href="#ftnref27"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">28 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Both exhibits were read into the record. (Tr. 75, 300; Exs. C-16, C-32). Mr. Alston was subpoenaed but did not appear at the hearing. (Tr. 13-14). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn28" href="#ftnref28"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">29 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Carle interviewed Mr. Benschop in the hospital on June 6, 2013. (Tr. 239, 242) William Hobson came into the room<span><span></span>
					</span>during the interview with Benschop to act as his<span><span></span>
					</span>attorney. (Tr. 255). CO Carle<span><span></span>
					</span>had met<span>
					</span>Mr.<span>
					</span>Hobson the prior day when she interviewed Mr. Campbell. Nonetheless, Mr.<span>
					</span>Hobson<span>
					</span>was not<span><span></span>
					</span>Mr. Benschop’s attorney<span><span></span>
					</span>in his criminal proceeding or in this matter. (Tr. 255-56).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn29" href="#ftnref29"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">30 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>There was no<span>
					</span>credible<span>
					</span>evidence in the record for two of the factors: 1) what the hired party's role was in hiring and paying assistants, and 2) the tax treatment and provision of employee benefits.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn30" href="#ftnref30"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">31 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Commission has found that construction activity, even a small project, affects interstate commerce. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Clarence M. Jones</span>, 11 BNA OSHC 1529, 1531<span>
					</span>(No. 77-3676, 1983). Here, Respondent<span>
					</span>was engaged in demolition at the worksite. Demolition<span>
					</span>regulations are<span><span></span>
					</span>within OSHA’s part 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See 29 C.F.R. 1926, et seq.</span> the undersigned finds<span><span></span>
					</span>that Respondent<span>
					</span>was an employer engaged in a business affecting commerce under the Act.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn31" href="#ftnref31"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">32 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Mr. Benschop confirmed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>photograph<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">at Exhibit 4 was an accurate depiction of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">the worksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">on June 3.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> (Tr. 194-95; Ex. C-4).</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> No work had been done at the site on June 3 due to rain; thus, the photograph showed the site’s condition as it was at the end of the work day on Sunday, June 2 and the beginning of the work day on June 4 when work at the site resumed.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:0.6; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn32" href="#ftnref32"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">33 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The photograph was taken by the project’s architect, Plato Marinakos. (Tr. 202).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn33" href="#ftnref33"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">34 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The video<span>
					</span>Mr. Alston<span><span></span>
					</span>took with his phone<span>
					</span>shows he was standing within the worksite’s construction fence and to the east of the Hoagie City building in the adjacent empty lot. (Tr. 222; Ex. C-21).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal " style="background-color:#ffffff; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn34" href="#ftnref34"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">35 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">The </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Commission</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">applies</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> the precedent of the </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">circuit</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "> where a decision would probably be appealed, even though it may differ from Commission precedent. </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bro</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">s.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tree Serv</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 2064, 2067 (No. 96-1719, 2000).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn35" href="#ftnref35"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">36 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The<span><span></span>
					</span>Restatement<span><span></span>
					</span>of Judgements<span><span></span>
					</span>explains: “When an issue of fact or law is actually litigated and determined by a valid and final judgment, and the determination is essential to the judgment, the determination is conclusive in a subsequent action between the parties, whether on the same or a different claim.”<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Witkowski v. Welch</span>, 173 F.3d 192, 199 (3d Cir. 1999)<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">citing</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 27 (1982).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn36" href="#ftnref36"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">37 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Under the doctrine of collateral estoppel, a judgment on the merits in a prior suit “precludes relitigation of issues actually litigated and determined in the prior suit, regardless of whether it was based on the same cause of action as the second suit.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Lawlor v. Nat</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">’l</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Screen Serv</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp</span>., 349 U.S. 322, 326 (1955).  Put another way, “once an issue is actually and necessarily determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, that determination is conclusive in subsequent suits based on a different cause of action involving a party to the prior litigation.” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Montana v. United States,</span> 440 U.S. 147, 153 (1979).” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Caterpillar</span>,<span><span></span>
					</span>12 BNA OSHC at 1768-69.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn37" href="#ftnref37"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">38 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>During his plea before<span><span></span>
					</span>Judge Bronson, Mr. Benschop stated that he could understand and speak English, but was unable to read English. (Ex. C-18, p.<span>
					</span>8-9). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn38" href="#ftnref38"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">39 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The record shows that Respondent had less than ten employees at any given time. </p>
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