p. 1



# OAR Box 1147 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 200 ) IV-E-7 4
Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 4/22/20082:42:58PM

Sheet 200of 242P. 2

UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA LPROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR . MICHIGA N 4810 5 

### OC TI 3 198 8 fr-fcl-H

OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N

MEMORANDU

M
SUBJECT : Observatio n o f Stag e I I Refueling Event s a t Exxon

Servic e Station , Washington , DC
FROM :
TO : THRU : Caroly

nA . David , Chemica l Enginee r C^UA/yx>»A^^^ a ^ ^ Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branc h' The Record Joh nF . Anderson , Senio r Projec t Manage r Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branch Cheste r J . France , Chie f Standard s Developmen t and^S u Branc h
O nFebruar

y1 6 an d 17 , 1988 , Joh

nW . Muelle r an

d I visite d a nExxonServic e Station , a t 503 0 Connecticu t Avenue , Washington , DC , t o observe refuelin g event s wit hStag e I I fue l dispensing systems . Dr . Georg e S . Musser , o f ExxonResearc h an d Engineering , an

d Mr . Larr

yHamilton , StationManager , wer e bothpresen t t o answe r question s an d showu s th

e facilitie s an

d equipment
. We collected informationregardin g servic e station facilities , station manage r experience , an d custome r experienc e wit hStag e II . Thi s Exxonstationi s located in a residentia l area , appear s t o b

e ver ywel l maintained , an d operate s 2 4 hour s pe r day
. Also , Stag e I I ha s beeninstalled her e sinc e 1981 ; therefore , busines s come s primaril yfro mrepea t customer s who have previousl yused Stag e I I nozzles
. The stationsell s thre e grade s o f unleade d gasolin e (regular-8 7 octane , plus-8 9 octane , supreme-9 3 octane ) an d ha s a throughpu t o f approximatel y380 0 gallon s o f fue l per day
. Ther e i s one ven t for al l thre e undergroun

d fue l tanks , an

d no ven t ca

p i s inplace
. Ther e i s one full-serve an

d tw o self-serve island s (phot o 1 ) wher e a tota l o f 1 8 EMCO-Wheato n300 0 serie s nozzle s ar e installed
. Thes e ar e curren t design s withcoaxial , high-hang line s (phot o 2)

- . , ^>ov \

lOVVr- fP. 3

Stag e I I operatin g instruction s consis t o f a brief , finely-printe d descriptio npainte d o nth e nozzl e cover , and whic hi s commonl ywor nawaywit hus e (phot o 3)
. Thes e instruction s war nagains t toppin g of f and recommen d a few-secon d dela yafte r dispensin g stop s befor e replacin g th e nozzl e i nth e holder
. Clear , easy-to-rea d Stag e I I use r instruction s ar e otherwis e no t posted ; however , ther e ar e direction s fo r regula r nozzl e use . Th e statio nmanage r describe d hi s experience s regardin g Stag e I I hardwar e and custome r usage . Althoug hh e doe s no t kee p detaile d maintenanc e records , Mr . Hamilto nclaime d h e replace s fou r t o fiv e nozzl e boot s pe r month
. Thes e boot s ar e occasionall ytor no r puncture d b yshee t meta l screw s i n rear-fil l vehicle s (photo s 4 and 5)
. H e als o mentione d ther e ar e problem s wit hthe vapo r chec k and no-seal , no-flo wdevice
. Th e vapo r chec k (withi nth e nozzle ) ofte ntears ; w e wer e provide d wit ha tor nvapo r sealin g ring remove d fro ma nozzle
. EPA' s concer nher e i s that , i f thi s valv e i s improperl yseale d i non e nozzl e an

d fue l i s bein g dispense d thr u anothe r nozzle , th e vapo r (from

th e vehicl e fue l tank bein g filled ) tha t i s suppose d t o b e force d int o th e undergroun d tank ma yinstea d escap e thr u th e improperl yseale d nozzle
. Mr . Hamilto nsai d statio npersonne l frequentl ysho wcustomer s ho wt o correctl y latc hth e Stag e I I nozzl e ont o th e vehicl e fil l neck , and i f a custome r top s off , the yma ynee d t o drai nan yfue l collecte d i n th e nozzl e boo t (a s a resul t o f th e to p off ) t o preven t thi s fue l fro mpotentiall yspillin g ont o th e nex t customer . Interestingly , ther e ar e disposabl e plasti c glove s availabl e t o th e customers . The yar e wor ndurin g refuelin g and ar e quit e popula r wit hbot hme nand women . Whil e observin g custome r refuelin g event s a t Pum p 1 , w e pai d attentio nt o ho wcustomer s use d th e Stag e I I nozzle s (correctl yo r incorrectly) , th e typ e and quantit yo f fue l dispensed , whethe r customer s toppe d off , whethe r the yobserve d th e few-second , post-dispensin g wait , and th e siz e o f an y resultin g spillag e (Attachmen t 1)
. W e recorde d 4 9 refuelin g event s a t Pum

p 1
. A t Pump s 2 thr u 6 , w e monitore d th e numbe r o f customers , Stag e I I usage , and spillag e (se e Attachmen t 2)
. Tabl e 1 present s a summar yo f th e dat a collecte d fro mPum p 1
. O f th e 4 9 customers . observe d a t Pum p 1 , 3 5 percen t toppe d of f a t leas t once . I t i s no t known , however , ho wmanywer e unabl e t o to p of f (e.g. , di d no t intend t o fil l u p fue l tank fo r whateve r reason )
. Onl yon e custome r observe d th e post-dispensing , few-secon d wai t period
. Man ypeopl e di d no t kno who wt o correctl yus e th e Stag e I I nozzle s and welcome d assistanc e fromstatio npersonnel
. Mos t wer e no t awar e o f th e nozzl e latc hring and ho wt o correctl y inser t th e nozzl e and latc hi t ont o thei r vehicle' s fil l neck
.P. 4

Rather , customer s use d bodyweigh t t o compres s th e bellow s o r pulle d th e bellow s bac k wit hthei r hand
. Spillag e wa s affecte d b ycustome r handlin g o f th e nozzl e and th e numbe r o f time s th e custome r toppe d off
. Althoug hw e di d no t ge t a nexac t count , w e sawpre-fil l and post-fil l drippin g occurrin g frequentl y- whic hsom e customer s avoide d b y handlin g th e nozzl e carefull ythroughou t th e dispensin g process . To p of f als o appeare d t o affec t spillage
. Afte r on e particula r to p of f incident , th e statio nattendan t emptie d th e boo t a s a precautionar ymeasur e and go t a thre e b yfou r foo t resultin g spill
. W e emptie d Pum p 1 boot s a t tw o point s durin g ou r monitoring ; th e resultin g spill s range d froma fe wdrop s t o 1. 5 fee t i ndiameter
. Thes e varyin g spillag e size s ar e illustrate d i nphoto s 6 thr u 9
. Scot t Researc hLaboratories , Inc. , ha s conducte d a spillag e surve ydesigne d t o determin e gasolin e spillag e magnitud e (gram s o f hydrocarbons ) froma measure d equivalen t spil l diameter. * Scot t technician s wer e traine d t o estimat e spil l diameter s wit hacceptabl e repeatabilit yand accurac y accountin g fo r anyvariation s i n wette d areas . Althoug hou r repeatabilit yand accurac yha s no t bee ndetermined , w e hav e use d ou r spil l siz e estimate s t o quantif ygram s o f hydrocarbon s spilled
. Usin g th e curv e Scot t Researc hobtaine d fromthei r dat a (Attachmen t 3) , and ou r variou s spil l siz e dat a (from Attachmen t 1 ) w e estimate d the gram s o f hydrocarbon s associate d wit heac hspil l (Tabl e 2)
. Th e resultin g value s canno t b e expresse d i nterm s o f gram s o f H C pe r gallo no f fue l dispense d becaus e w e di d no t recor d spil l siz e fo r al l spills
. "Investigatio no f Passenge r Ca r . Refuelin g Losses : Secon d Yea r Program, " Scot t Projec t #2874 , Septembe r 1 , 1972 , Scot t Researc hLaboratories , Inc. , 260 0 Caja nBoulevard , Sa nBernardino , California , 92411
.Tabl e 1 Staqe I I Observation s Washinqtons , D C P. 5

Tota l Refueling Event s A t Pum p 1 : Female :

Male : 4 9 (16 ) (33 ) Customer s Wh o Toppe d Of f A t Leas t Once : Female : Male : 1 7 (4 ) (13 ) Averag e Dispense d Fue l Volume : Customer s Wh o Observe d th e Fe wSecon

d Wait : 10.0 2 gal sP. 6

Tabl e 2 Estimate d Gram s o f Hydrocarbon s Associate d wit hObserve d Spillag e
Corresponding Dat e 2/16/8 8

2/16/8 8 2/17/8 8 2/17/8 8

2/17/8 8 2/17/8 8 Time

3:55p m

3:3 0
10:54a m 11:40a m

8:00a m 9:00a m Pum p 1

2
1
1

3
2 Fuel * S R P

S
S R P Descriptio n Draine d Boot s & Nozzle s Drai nafte r To p Of f Custome r Spil l Draine d Boot s & Nozzle s Opposite

Sid e Fil l Drai nAfte r To p Of f Spil l Siz e

10 " 3 drop s l' x2 '
5 "
l' x1.5 ' 6 " 2" x3 " 1 '
10 " 3' x4 ' Gram s o f H C

5 1 3
2
9 2 0 7
5 9 7

Fuel : S = unleade d supreme P = unleade d plu s R= unleade d regula rP. 7

Photo s o f Staqe I I Refueling Observations *

* Th e origina l se t o f photo s ar e i nDocke t A-87-11 , Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Standard s Developmen t an d Suppor t Branch , 256 5 Plymouth , Ann Arbor , Michigan , 48105
. Print s mayb e ordere d b y contacting Phi l Carlso n(313-668-4270 ) o r Caroly nDavi d (313-668-4278)
. Ther e wil l b e a printing charge
.P. 8

Islan d 3 Islan d 2 Islan d 1 Pum p 6 Pum

p 5 Full-Serve Fum p 4 Pum

p 3 Self-Serv e Pum p 2 Pum

p 1 Self-Serv e

Phot o 1 : ExxonServic e Station , 503 0 Connecticu t Avenue ,

Washington , DCP. 9

Phot o 2 : EMCO-Wheato n 300 0 Serie s Nozzl e

Phot o 3 : Stag e I I Operating Instruction s onNozzl e Cove rP.1 0

Phot o 4 : Tor nNozzl e Cove r

Phot o 5 : Puncture d Nozzl e 3oc tP.1 1

Phot o 6 : Spillag e FromNozzl e Boo t

Phot o 7 : Spillag e FromNozzl e Boo tP.1 2

Phot o 8 : Spillag e FromNozzl e Boo t

Phot o 9 : Spillag e FromNozzl e Boo tAttachmen t 1

Pum p 1 Refueling Observation sP.1 4

Refueling Observation s a t Pum p 1 : Washington , D C Exxo nStation , Tuesday , February16 , 198 8 Time * pmSe xFuel* * Gallon s 2:1 5
1 8 3 0 4 4 5 7 2 1 2 9 3 0 3 5 3 9 4 3 4 8 5 5

4:0 0 4:0 8 4:2 0 4:2 6 4:3 2
4 1 4 8 5 2 0 2 0 6 1 7 2 1 2 6 F F F F M M M F F M M S P R R P P R P R S S Draine d S R P MR F P MS MS F P
F M M M M M M M 9.2 5

Boot s

10.58 7 9.62 5 8.70 4 11.28 5 11.0 2
P P S P R S R P 2

4 4 4 7 88 8 81 3 35 2 81 3 07 8 13.05 6 19.24 5 13.95 3 Top s

Off s N
1 1 6 1 0 1 2 1 7 4 1 6 9 1 1 6 1 6 05 2 81 2 75 9 58 7 60 3 81 3 16 8 62 5 01 2 69 0 05 8 N

1 N 2 3 N N N N N N

Man y N N N N
N N N N N 3 1 6 1 Wai t

N N N N N N N N N

N N N N N
N N N N N N N N Comment s Custome r struggle d wit h nozzl e eve nafte r fue l flowbega n N o Problem s N o drip s Drip s Postfil l drip s Dri p

10 " spil l 3 drop s 1 ' x2 ' spil l

Custome r had difficult ygetting nozzl e i nan

d starte d

Twice/daycustome r

* * Time : Easter n Standard Time Fuel : S = unleade d supreme , $1.14 9 , 9 3 octan e

P = unleade d plus , $1.03 9 , 8 9 octan e R= unleade d regular , $.98 9 , 8 7 octan eRefuelin g Observation s a t Pump 1 : Washington , D C Exxo nStation ,
Wednesday , Februar y17 , 198 8 Time * am 8 8 8 :0 1 :0 9 .1 9 Se x

M M M Fuel* * S P 

### s Gallon s

1 2 1 6 4 46 8 34 8 35 2 Top s

Off s 7 N N Wai t

N N N Comment s

8:2 9 8:3 2 8:3 9 8:4 1

8:4 9 9:1 7 9:2 6 9:4 0 9:5 2 9:5 7 10:0 0 10:0 3 10:3 1 10:3 9 F

M F M

F M M M M M M M F F S R P S

R S P P P S S p 

### s R 6.69 6

13.60 2 4.59 2 19.34 2

2.02 3 6.58 9 4.81 3 24.06 7 10.87 9 9.90 8 8.70 4 4.81 3 13.16 1 10.11 2 N

1 N N

N N N 7- 8 1 1 N N 3 1 N N N N

N N N N N N N Y N N Couldn' t work , ha d t o b e shown ; switche d grade s thinkin g a differen t nozzl e woul d wor k To p of f looke d unintentiona l Jaguar : quit e a bi t drippe d fro mboot

nozzle ; vertica l refuelin g

Yanke d nozzl e ou t o f rear-fill ; n o damag e Use d nozzl e sideway s becaus e fil l o n fa r sid e o f car ; dribble d befor e an d after , forgo t t o lif t switc h t o star t 10:4 5 10:5 4 11:1 2 11:2 9 11:3 3 11:4 0

11:4 6 11:5 3 M

M M M M D r

F M P S S R R aine d S R P S R boo t 4.80 9

15.66 2 11.78 5 7.78 5 13.11 5 s/nozzles :

8.70 4 1.01 2 N

2 N 1 4

N N N

N N N N

N N Lef t bi g spill : l' x1 1/2 '

6 " spil l 2 " x3 " spil l 1 ' spil lP.1 6

Attachmen t 2

Pump s 2 thr u 6 Refueling Event sP.1 7
Refueling Event s a t Exxo nServic e Statio n

Pump s 2 thr u 6
2:3 0 - 3:3 0 p.m . (2/16/88 ) Pum p 2 : 7 Customers ;
Pum p 3 : 6 Customer s Attendan t showe d custome r ho wt o correctl yinser t an d latchnozzle ; manage r als o helpe d a customer ; anothe r custome r ha d difficult yusing nozzle ; on e custome r cradle d nozzl e i n arm s an d pushe d forcefull yt o inser t i t an d maintai n compresse d bellows
. Pum p 4 : 6 Customer s Pum p 5: * 6 Customer s Pum p 6: * 1 Custome r 3:3 0 - 4:3 0 p.m . (2/16/88 ) Pum p 2:" 5 Customer s Acustome r toppe d of f abou t 2 0 times ; excessiv e postfil l dripping ; w e obtaine d a 5-inchspil l from boo t upo n draining
. Pum p 3 : 6 Customer s

* Note : Pum

p 5 an d 6 ar e full-servic e pump sP.1 8

Pum p 4 : 4 Customer s Pum p 5 : 1 Custome r Pum p 6 : 5 Customer s 4:3 0 - 5:3 0 p.m . (2/16/88 ) Pum p 2 : 9 Customer s Pum p 3 : 5 Customer s Acustome r toppe d of f abou t 1 0 times
. Pum p 4 : 4 Customer s Pum p 5 : N o Customer s Pum p 6 : 5 Customer s 8:0 0 - 9:0 0 a.m . (2/17/88 ) Pum p 2 : 6 Customer s On e custome r neede d assistanc e operating th e nozzle
. Pum p 3 : 7 Customer s On e custome r trie d stretching hos e t o othe r sid e o f vehicle ; ha d problems , an d mad e a 1 0 inchspill
.P.1 9

Pum p 4 : 2 Customer s Pum p 5 : 3 Customer s Pum p 6 : 2 Customer s 9:0 0 - 10:0 0 a.m . (2/17/88 ) Pum p 2 : 3 Customer s Acustome r di d man ytop-off s an

d attendan t draine d a 3 b y 4 foo t spill
. Pum p 3 : 2 Customer s Acustome r had difficult ykeeping th e nozzl e inserte d an d dispensing
. Pum p 4 : 2 Customer s Acustome r had ga s spille d o nhi s hand fro ma leak i nth e boo t base ; manage r too k nozzl e apar t bu t sawn o apparen t problem ; mayb e top-off
. Pum p 5 : 1 Custome r Pum p 6 : 4 Customer s10:0 0 - 11:0 0 a.m . (2/17/88 )

Pum p 2 : 7 Customer s Pum p 3 : 4 Customer s Pum p 4 : 3 Customer s Pum p 5 : 2 Customer s Pum p 6 : N o Customer sP.2 1

Attachmen t 3
Figur e 4-2 : Gasolin e Spil l Magnitud e vs , Equivalen t Spil l Diamete r fo r Typica l Gasolin e

fro m
"Investigatio no f Passenge r Ca r Refueling Los s - Second-Yea r Program "

Scot t Projec t tt2874
Scot t Researc hLaboratories , Inc. . 260 0 Caja n Boulevard SanBernardino , Californi a 9241 1

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GASOLIN E SPECIFI C 

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## 0 2 0 10 0 INCHE S 

## M 0 6 0 8 0 EQUIVALEN T SPIL L DIAMETER , FIGUR E 

### 4- 2 GASOLII C SPIL LmGNIlU E vs . EflUIVALEN TSPIL LDIAMETE R

FOR TYPICA LGASOLIN E 

### 120