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[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 226 (Friday, November 22, 2024)]
[Notices]
[Pages 92734-92735]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-27431]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

[Docket No. NHTSA-2024-0086]

Denial of Motor Vehicle Defect Petition

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 
Department of Transportation.

ACTION: Denial of petition for a defect investigation.

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SUMMARY: This notice sets forth the reasons for the denial of a 
petition submitted on June 7, 2023, by Kimberlyn Hearns (the 
petitioner) to NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation (ODI). The 
petition requests that the Agency initiate an investigation into 
alleged remote attacks to the vehicle electrical control system 
associated with a variety of reported electrical malfunctions that 
render the petitioner's Model Year 2019 Toyota Yaris vehicle (subject 
vehicle) allegedly unusable. On August 30, 2023, NHTSA opened Defect 
Petition DP23-004 to evaluate the petitioner's request. After 
conducting a technical review of the petitioner's submissions, seeing 
no other complaints for 2019 Toyota Yaris vehicles related to the types 
of ``remote attacks'' described by the petitioner, and reviewing 
information provided by Toyota in response to an Agency request for 
information regarding the 2019 Yaris CAN bus, NHTSA has concluded that 
there is insufficient evidence to pursue further investigation. 
Accordingly, the Agency has denied the petition.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  Mr. Tariq Bond, Vehicle Defects 
Division--D, Office of Defects Investigation, NHTSA 1200 New Jersey 
Ave. SE, Washington, DC 20590. Telephone (202) 366-5472. Email: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Introduction

    Interested persons may petition NHTSA requesting that the Agency 
initiate an investigation to determine whether a motor vehicle or an 
item of replacement equipment does not comply with an applicable motor 
vehicle safety standard or contains a defect that relates to motor 
vehicle safety. 49 U.S.C. 30162; 49 CFR 552.1. Upon receipt of a 
properly filed petition, the Agency conducts a technical review of the 
petition, material submitted with the petition, and any additional 
information. 49 U.S.C. 30162(c); 49 CFR 552.6. The technical review may 
consist solely of a review of information already in the possession of 
the Agency or it may include the collection of information from the 
motor vehicle manufacturer or other sources. After conducting the 
technical review and considering appropriate factors, which may 
include, but are not limited to, allocation of Agency resources, Agency 
priorities, and the likelihood of success in litigation that might 
arise from a determination of noncompliance or a defect related to 
motor vehicle safety, the Agency will grant or deny the petition. See 
49 U.S.C. 30162(d); 49 CFR 552.8.

Background Information

    In a letter dated June 7, 2023, Kimberlyn Hearns (the petitioner) 
submitted a petition attributing electrical malfunctions of his 2019 
Toyota Yaris (subject vehicle) to remote attacks by unknown parties 
targeted on the subject vehicle's Controller Area Network (CAN bus).\1\ 
The petitioner requested an Agency investigation of the susceptibility 
of the subject vehicle to the alleged attacks and for assistance 
securing a full refund of the vehicle price. Over four total 
submissions from the June 7, 2023 petition to August 2, 2023, the 
petitioner supported his request with a chronology of events detailing 
the vehicle fault, service history, and a listing of published 
cybersecurity articles. In addition, before filing the petition, the 
petitioner sent three pieces of related correspondence to the Agency 
from late December 2022 to February 2023.
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    \1\ Modern automobiles (including the subject vehicle) contain 
multitudes of microcontrollers that communicate over a self-
contained computer network known as a Controller Area Network.
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    NHTSA has based its decision on a review of the material cited by 
the petitioner in his petition, information submitted by Toyota in 
response to the Agency's request, and other pertinent information in 
NHTSA's databases. Staff from NHTSA's Vehicle Research and Test Center 
(VRTC) supported the review at all stages.

Subject Vehicle History

    The subject vehicle is a Model Year (MY) 2019 Toyota Yaris LE 
equipped with a 1.5L I4 gasoline engine. According to a vehicle history 
report, the subject vehicle has only been owned by one person (the 
petitioner), started receiving service in August of 2019, and has not 
experienced any reported

[[Page 92735]]

collisions or damage. The vehicle history report indicated regular 
servicing of the subject vehicle by the Toyota dealership that sold it 
to the petitioner, with no atypical problems evident through June of 
2022 and after approximately 40,000 miles of service. During this time, 
the subject vehicle received remedies related to two Toyota field 
campaigns: Service Campaign 20TC03 \2\ (performed September 2020) and 
Safety Recall 21V617 \3\ (performed January 2022).
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    \2\ 20TC03 was a quality campaign meant to reprogram the Engine 
Control Module (ECM) software due to the software installed being 
intended for vehicles with a different engine configuration.
    \3\ 21V617 is a fuel pump recall meant to remedy a defective 
fuel pump by replacement.
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    In mid-November of 2022, with 46,136 miles of service,\4\ the 
petitioner reported hearing three beeps while driving at low speed, 
accompanied by engine shut down. After a delay, the petitioner was able 
to restart the vehicle, but a Check Engine Light (CEL) remained 
illuminated. The petitioner's dealer diagnosed the problem as a bad 
battery and installed a replacement battery.
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    \4\ Based on a contemporaneous service invoice.
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    Over the ensuing two weeks, and approximately 700 miles, the 
petitioner reported several instances of engine power loss, 
malfunctioning indicator lights, and a head unit delayed start 
malfunction, leading to service at a different Toyota dealer in early 
December 2022. That dealer's invoice reported that no problem had been 
identified after several service checks, inspection of the ECU wiring, 
and after approximately 30 miles of test driving over a two-day period. 
At the time of its release from this dealership, the invoice reported 
that the subject vehicle had an odometer reading of 47,009 miles. 
Toyota reported that the dealership had also contacted its Technical 
Assistance Center for further guidance.
    The vehicle history report indicates that the subject vehicle 
traveled only 44 miles over the following three months, returning to 
its regular servicing dealership in late March 2023, about a week after 
another report from the petitioner of flashing warning lights and 
repeated horn activation while the petitioner was inside his house. The 
petitioner reported that this mid-March incident coincided with a 
suspicious vehicle driving by his house. The petitioner also stated 
that in late March, a service visit to his regular servicing dealership 
included the removal of an aftermarket vehicle security system 
manufactured by Rockledge Securities.\5\
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    \5\ The model, capabilities, and installer of this device are 
unknown. However, the Rockledge Securities website advertises 
several vehicle security devices that may be wired into the vehicle 
and identifies the subject vehicle sales servicing dealership as one 
of several affiliated dealerships.
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    No further service records from Toyota or the vehicle history 
report appear after March 27, 2023. The petitioner reported eleven 
instances of continued malfunctions from March 30 through June 3, 2023 
related to horn activation, inoperative key-fob, no-start condition, 
and fuel gauge inaccuracies. The petitioner also reported that two of 
these malfunctions coincided with suspicious vehicles driving by his 
house. The petitioner then began documenting various additional events, 
including a no-start condition followed by a jump-start, inaccurate/
slowly responding fuel gauge, intermittent CEL, ``nearly unreadable'' 
instrument cluster, an inability to turn off the engine, and 
inoperative fan, wipers, and signals. Petitioner also cited attempts to 
maintain the battery state of charge by idling the subject vehicle in 
his driveway. At the time of the petitioner's last contact with NHTSA 
in August 2023, the petitioner reported that his subject vehicle was 
unusable, despite efforts to maintain the charge of its battery.

Subject Vehicle Connectivity

    Although the petitioner asserts that his vehicle is under remote 
electronic attack, and stipulates that the subject vehicle is not 
defective; the Agency is still treating the submitted document as a 
part of a defect petition as initially requested.\6\ The Agency 
requested that Toyota describe the subject vehicle's CAN bus and 
connectivity to outside wireless data sources. In response to the 
Agency's request, Toyota stated:
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    \6\ Petitioner's letter to ODI dated February 28, 2023 states: 
``my opinion and belief is that my 2019 Toyota Yaris is not 
defective. It was remotely hacked.''
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     This vehicle is not equipped with a cellular communication 
module; therefore, it is not capable of communicating with a cellular 
network.
     This vehicle's multimedia system is capable of connecting 
a cellular phone to support hands-free features, such as hands-free 
calling and streaming audio from the phone.
     This vehicle does not have advanced connectivity features, 
such as Apple CarPlay or Android Auto.
     The multimedia system, which includes Bluetooth 
connectivity, operates on a local CAN bus network dedicated 
communication for the vehicle's multimedia system.

ODI Analysis

    ODI reviewed complaint data and information in NHTSA's databases 
concerning all 2019 Toyota Yaris vehicles and identified no other 
cyberattack allegations similar to those reported by the petitioner. 
This body of information also did not show any potential trend of 
similar electrical or power loss symptoms regardless of reported cause.
    The symptoms reported by the petitioner could not be duplicated by 
the Toyota dealer in three separate service visits and may have 
originated from any number of sources. Beyond these service visits, the 
effects of other influences such as the Rockledge aftermarket security 
system (including its installation and removal), and battery 
maintenance via external charger or driveway idling cannot be assessed 
at this time. Toyota has reported that difficulty communicating with 
the petitioner \7\ inhibits further efforts to inspect the vehicle. 
After assessing the material submitted by the petitioner, information 
submitted by Toyota in response to an Agency request regarding the 
petitioner's allegation, and other information in NHTSA's possession, 
NHTSA concludes that:
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    \7\ The petitioner has insisted to the Agency and Toyota that 
only written communications are accepted and that he will refuse 
phone calls, emails, and in person visits.
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     Notwithstanding the conditions cited by the petitioner, 
the 2019 Toyota Yaris vehicle lacks the external cellular connectivity 
needed to make it vulnerable to remote cyberattacks.
     The subject vehicle's Bluetooth connectivity ability is 
limited to multimedia and hands-free communication.
     The Agency has uncovered no other evidence of related 
cyberattacks or similar symptoms in 2019 Toyota Yaris vehicles.
    Accordingly, the Agency is denying the petition. As with all 
potential motor vehicle safety risks, NHTSA will continue to review any 
new information or incidents as they are submitted to the Agency.
    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 30162(d) and 49 CFR part 552; delegation of 
authority at 49 CFR 1.95(a).\8\
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    \8\ The authority to determine whether to approve or deny defect 
petitions under 49 U.S.C. 30162(d) and 49 CFR part 552 has been 
further delegated to the Associate Administrator for Enforcement.

Eileen Sullivan,
Associate Administrator, Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2024-27431 Filed 11-21-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE P
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