DISCLAIMER

The full text of certain NPDES permits and the associated fact sheets has been made available to 

provide online access to this public information. EPA is making permits and fact sheets available 

electronically to provide convenient access for interested public parties and as a reference for 

permit writers. The ownership of these documents lies with the permitting authority, typically a 

State with an authorized NPDES program. 

While EPA makes every effort to ensure that this web site remains current and contains the final 

version of the active permit, we cannot guarantee it is so. For example, there may be some delay 

in posting modifications made after a permit is issued. Also note that not all active permits are 

currently available electronically. Only permits and fact sheets for which the full text has been 

provided to Headquarters by the permitting authority may be made available. Headquarters has 

requested the full text only for permits as they are issued or reissued, beginning November 1, 

2002. 

Please contact the appropriate permitting authority (either a State or EPA Regional office) prior to 

acting on this information to ensure you have the most up-to-date permit and/or fact sheet. EPA 

recognizes the official version of a permit or fact sheet to be the version designated as such and 

appropriately stored by the respective permitting authority. 

The documents are gathered from all permitting authorities, and all documents thus obtained are 

made available electronically, with no screening for completeness or quality. Thus, availability 

on the website does not constitute endorsement by EPA.
National Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System Permit 

for Discharge to Surface Waters 

This Permit Certifies That

KAWASHIMA TEXTILE USA, INC. 

has been granted permission to discharge from a facility located at

412 Grove Street 

Lugoff, SC 

Kershaw County 

to receiving waters named

Wateree River 

in accordance with limitations, monitoring requirements and other conditions set 

forth herein. This permit is issued in accordance with the provisions of the Pollution

Control Act of South Carolina (S.C. Code Sections 48-1-20 et seq., 1976), 

Regulation 61-9 and with the provisions of the Federal Clean Water Act (PL 92-

500), as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq., the "Act." 

 

Marion F. Sadler, Jr., Director

Industrial, Agricultural, and Storm Water Permitting Division 

Bureau of Water 

Issue Date: May 27, 2003 Expiration Date: May 31, 2005

 

Effective Date: July 1, 2003 Permit No.: SC0023264 
Table of Contents 

PART I. Definitions...................................................................................................................................................3

PART II. Standard Conditions.................................................................................................................................5

A. Duty to comply ...............................................................................................................................................5 

B. Duty to reapply ...............................................................................................................................................5 

C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense..................................................................................................5 

D. Duty to mitigate ..............................................................................................................................................5 

E. Proper operation and maintenance..................................................................................................................5 

F. Permit actions .................................................................................................................................................6 

G. Property rights.................................................................................................................................................6 

H. Duty to provide information ...........................................................................................................................7 

I. Inspection and entry........................................................................................................................................7 

J. Monitoring and records...................................................................................................................................7 

K. Signatory requirement.....................................................................................................................................9 

L. Reporting requirements.................................................................................................................................10 

M. Bypass...........................................................................................................................................................15 

N. Upset .............................................................................................................................................................16 

O. Misrepresentation of Information .................................................................................................................16 

Part III. Limitations and Monitoring Requirements............................................................................................18

A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements.....................................................................................18 

B. Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements......................................................................23 

C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements.......................................................................................................24 

D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements.................................................................................................................24 

E. Soil Monitoring Requirements......................................................................................................................24 

Part IV. Schedule of Compliance............................................................................................................................25

Part V. Other Requirements...................................................................................................................................26

A. Effluent Requirements..................................................................................................................................26 

B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Monitoring Requirements..................................................27 

C. Groundwater Requirements..........................................................................................................................28 

D. Sludge and Other Land Application Requirements......................................................................................29 

E. Other Conditions...........................................................................................................................................29 
Part I 

Page 3 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

PART I. Definitions 

Any term not defined in this Part has the definition stated in the Pollution Control Act or in “Water Pollution Control 

Permits”, R.61-9 or its normal meaning. 

A. The “Act”, or CWA, shall refer to the Clean Water Act (Formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution 

Control Act) Public Law 92-500, as amended. 

B. The “arithmetic mean” of any set of values is the summation of the individual values divided by the number of 

individual values. 

C. “Bypass” means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility. 

D. A “composite sample” shall be defined as one of the following four types: 

 1. An influent or effluent portion collected continuously over a specified period of time at a rate proportional to 

the flow. 

 2. A combination of not less than 8 influent or effluent grab samples collected at regular (equal) intervals over a 

specified period of time and composited by increasing the volume of each aliquot in proportion to flow. If 

continuous flow measurement is not used to composite in proportion to flow, the following method will be 

used: An instantaneous flow measurement should be taken each time a grab sample is collected. At the end of 

the sampling period, the instantaneous flow measurements should be summed to obtain a total flow. The 

instantaneous flow measurement can then be divided by the total flow to determine the percentage of each grab 

sample to be combined. These combined samples form the composite sample. 

 3. A combination of not less than 8 influent or effluent grab samples of equal volume but at variable time intervals 

that are inversely proportional to the volume of the flow. In other words, the time interval between aliquots is 

reduced as the volume of flow increases. 

 4. If the effluent flow varies by less than 15 percent, a combination of not less than 8 influent or effluent grab 

samples of constant (equal) volume collected at regular (equal) time intervals over a specified period of time. 

 All samples shall be properly preserved in accordance with Part II.J.4. Continuous flow or the sum of instantaneous 

flows measured and averaged for the specified compositing time period shall be used with composite results to 

calculate mass. 

E. “Daily maximum” is the highest average value recorded of samples collected on any single day during the calendar 

month. 

F. “Daily minimum” is the lowest average value recorded of samples collected on any single day during the calendar 

month. 

G. The “Department” shall refer to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. 
Part I 

Page 4 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

H. The “geometric mean” of any set of values is the Nth root of the product of the individual values where N is equal 

to the number of individual values. The geometric mean is equivalent to the antilog of the arithmetic mean of the 

logarithms of the individual values. For purposes of calculating the geometric mean, values of zero (0) shall be 

considered to be one (1). 

I. A “grab sample” is an individual, discrete or single influent or effluent portion of at least 100 milliliters collected at 

a time representative of the discharge and over a period not exceeding 15 minutes and retained separately for 

analysis. Instantaneous flow measured at the time of grab sample collection shall be used to calculate quantity, 

unless a totalizer is used. 

J. The “instantaneous maximum or minimum” is the highest or lowest value recorded of all samples collected during 

the calendar month. 

K. The “monthly average”, other than for fecal coliform, is the arithmetic mean of all samples collected in a calendar 

month period. The monthly average for fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of all samples collected in a 

calendar month period. The monthly average loading is the arithmetic average of all individual loading 

determinations made during the month. 

L. The “practical quantitation limit (PQL)” is the concentration at which the entire analytical system must give a 

recognizable signal and acceptable calibration point. It is the concentration in a sample that is equivalent to the 

concentration of the lowest calibration standard analyzed by a specific analytical procedure, assuming that all the 

method-specific sample weights, volumes, and processing steps have been followed. 

M. “Quarter” is defined as the first three calendar months beginning with the month that this permit becomes effective 

and each group of three calendar months thereafter. 

N. “Quarterly average” is the arithmetic mean of all samples collected in a quarter. 

O. “Severe property damage” means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which 

causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be 

expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by 

delays in production. 

P. “Upset” means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with 

technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An 

upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment 

facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation. 

Q. “Weekly average”, other than for fecal coliform, is the arithmetic mean of all the samples collected during a oneweek period. The weekly average for fecal coliform is the geometric mean of all samples collected during a oneweek period. For self-monitoring purposes, weekly periods in a calendar month are defined as three (3) 

consecutive seven-day intervals starting with the first day of the calendar month and a fourth interval containing 

seven (7) days plus those days beyond the 28th day in a calendar month. The value to be reported is the single 

highest of the four (4) weekly averages computed during a calendar month. The weekly average loading is the 

arithmetic average of all individual loading determinations made during the week. 
Part II 

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Permit No. SC0023264 

PART II. Standard Conditions 

A. Duty to comply 

The permittee must comply with all conditions of the permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation 

of the Clean Water Act and the Pollution Control Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit 

termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit renewal application. 

1. a. The permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of 

the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage sludge use or disposal 

established under section 405(d) of the CWA within the time provided in the regulations that establish 

these standards or prohibitions or standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not 

yet been modified to incorporate the requirement. 

 b. It is the responsibility of the permittee to have a treatment facility that will meet the final effluent 

limitations of this permit. The approval of plans and specifications by the Department does not relieve 

the permittee of responsibility for compliance. 

2. Failure to comply with permit conditions or the provisions of this permit may subject the permittee to civil 

penalties under S.C. Code Section 48-1-330 or criminal sanctions under S.C. Code Section 48-1-320. 

Sanctions for violations of the Federal Clean Water Act may be imposed in accordance with the provisions 

of 40 CFR Part 122.41(a)(2) and (3). 

3. A person who violates any provision of this permit, a term, condition or schedule of compliance contained 

within this NPDES permit, or the State law is subject to the actions defined in the State law. 

B. Duty to reapply 

If the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, 

the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit. A permittee with a currently effective permit shall submit 

a new application 180 days before the existing permit expires, unless permission for a later date has been 

granted by the Department. The Department may not grant permission for applications to be submitted later than 

the expiration date of the existing permit. 

C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense 

It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or 

reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit. 

D. Duty to mitigate 

The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in 

violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the 

environment. 

E. Proper operation and maintenance 
Part II 

Page 6 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

1. The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain in good working order and operate as 

efficiently as possible all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which 

are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit. 

Proper operation and maintenance includes effective performance based on design facility removals, 

adequate funding, adequate operator staffing and training and also includes adequate laboratory controls and 

appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary 

facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to 

achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit. 

2. Power Failures. In order to maintain compliance with effluent limitations and prohibitions of this permit, 

the permittee shall either: 

 a. provide an alternative power source sufficient to operate the wastewater control facilities; 

 b. or have a plan of operation which will halt, reduce, or otherwise control production and/or all discharges 

upon the reduction, loss, or failure of the primary source of power to the wastewater control facilities. 

3. The permittee shall maintain at the permitted facility a complete Operations and Maintenance Manual for 

the waste treatment plant. The manual shall be made available for on-site review during normal working 

hours. The manual shall contain operation and maintenance instructions for all equipment and appurtenances 

associated with the waste treatment plant and land application system. The manual shall contain a general 

description of the treatment process(es), operating characteristics that will produce maximum treatment 

efficiency and corrective action to be taken should operating difficulties be encountered. 

4. The permittee shall provide for the performance of routine daily treatment plant inspections by a certified 

operator of the appropriate grade as specified in Part V. The inspection shall include, but is not limited to, 

areas which require a visual observation to determine efficient operations and for which immediate 

corrective measures can be taken using the O & M manual as a guide. All inspections shall be recorded and 

shall include the date, time and name of the person making the inspection, corrective measures taken, and 

routine equipment maintenance, repair, or replacement performed. The permittee shall maintain all records 

of inspections at the permitted facility as required by this permit. Records shall be made available for on-site 

review during normal working hours. 

5. The name and grade of the operator of record shall be submitted to DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water 

Enforcement Division prior to placing the facility into operation. A roster of operators associated with the 

facility's operation and their certification grades shall also be submitted with the name of the “operator-incharge”. Any changes in operator or operators shall be submitted to the Department as they occur. 

F. Permit actions 

This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the 

permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned 

changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition. 

G. Property rights 
Part II 

Page 7 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privilege nor does it authorize any 

injury to persons or property or invasion of other private rights, or any infringement of State or local law or 

regulations. 

H. Duty to provide information 

The permittee shall furnish to the Department, within a reasonable time, any information which the Department 

may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit 

or to determine compliance with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Department upon request, 

copies of records required to be kept by this permit. 

I. Inspection and entry 

The permittee shall allow the Department, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor 

acting as a representative of the Department), upon presentation of credentials and other documents as may be 

required by law, to: 

1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or where 

records must be kept under the conditions of this permit; 

2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of this 

permit; 

3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), 

practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit; and 

4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise 

authorized by the Clean Water Act and Pollution Control Act, any substances or parameters at any location. 

J. Monitoring and records 

1. a. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored 

activity. 

 b. Flow Measurements 

Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific practices shall 

be present and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of the volume of monitored 

discharges. The devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained to ensure that the accuracy of the 

measurements are consistent with the accepted capability of that type of device. Devices selected shall 

be capable of measuring flows with a maximum deviation of less than 10% from the true discharge rates 

throughout the range of expected discharge volumes. The primary flow device must be accessible to the 

use of a continuous flow recorder. 

 c. The permittee shall maintain at the permitted facility a record of the method(s) used in measuring the 

discharge flow for the outfall(s) designated on limits pages to monitor flow. Records of any necessary 
Part II 

Page 8 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

calibrations must also be kept. This information shall be made available for on-site review by 

Department personnel during normal working hours. 

2. Except for records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the permittee's sewage 

sludge use and disposal activities, which shall be retained for a period of at least five years (or longer as 

required by R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504), the permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, 

including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous 

monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit, and records of all data used to 

complete the application for this permit, for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, 

measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Department at any time. 

3. Records of monitoring information shall include: 

 a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements; 

 b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements; 

 c. The date(s) analyses were performed; 

 d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses; 

 e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and 

 

 f. The results of such analyses. 

4. a. Monitoring results for wastewater must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 

CFR Part 136, equivalent test procedures approved by DHEC’s Division of Laboratory Certification or 

other test procedures that have been specified in the permit. 

In the case of sludge use or disposal, monitoring results must be conducted according to test procedures 

approved under 40 CFR Part 136, test procedures specified in R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504, equivalent test 

procedures approved by DHEC’s Division of Laboratory Certification or other test procedures that have 

been specified in the permit. 

 b. Unless addressed elsewhere in this permit, the permittee shall use a sufficiently sensitive analytical 

method that achieves a value below the derived permit limit stated in Part III. If more than one method 

of analysis is approved for use, the Department recommends for reasonable potential determinations that 

the permittee use the method having the lowest practical quantitation limit (PQL) unless otherwise 

specified in Part V of the permit. For the purposes of reporting analytical data on the Discharge 

Monitoring Report (DMR): 

(1) Analytical results below the PQL conducted using a method in accordance with Part II.J.4.a above 

shall be reported as zero (0). Zero (0) shall also be used to average results which are below the 

PQL. When zero (0) is reported or used to average results, the permittee shall report, in the 
Part II 

Page 9 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

“Comment Section” or in an attachment to the DMR, the analytical method used, the PQL achieved, 

and the number of times results below the PQL were reported as zero (0). 

 (2) Analytical results above the PQL conducted using a method in accordance with Part II.J.4.a shall be 

reported as the value achieved. When averaging results using a value containing a “less than,” the 

average shall be calculated using the value and reported as “less than” the average of all results 

collected. 

(3) Mass values shall be calculated using the flow taken at the time of the sample and either the 

concentration value actually achieved or the value as determined from the procedures in (1) or (2) 

above, as appropriate. 

5. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate 

any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit shall, upon conviction, be 

punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both. If a 

conviction of a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this 

paragraph, punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not 

more than 4 years, or both. 

K. Signatory requirement. 

1. All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Department shall be signed and certified. 

a. Applications. All permit applications shall be signed as follows: 

(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this section, a responsible 

corporate officer means: 

(a) A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal 

business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions 

for the corporation, or 

(b) The manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities employing more 

than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in secondquarter 1980 dollars), if authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the 

manager in accordance with corporate procedures. 

(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or 

(3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency or public facility: By either a principal 

executive officer, mayor, or other duly authorized employee or ranking elected official. For 

purposes of this section, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency includes: 

(a) The chief executive officer of the agency, or 

(b) A senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal 

geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator, Region IV, EPA). 
Part II 

Page 10 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

b. All reports required by permits, and other information requested by the Department, shall be signed by a 

person described in Part II.K.1.a of this section, or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A 

person is a duly authorized representative if: 

(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Part II.K.1.a of this section; 

(2) The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall 

operation of the regulated facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well 

or a well field, superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position 

having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized 

representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position.) 

and, 

(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Department. 

c. Changes to authorization. If an authorization under Part II.K.1.b of this section is no longer accurate 

because a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a 

new authorization satisfying the requirements of Part II.K.1.b of this section must be submitted to the 

Department prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an 

authorized representative. 

d. Certification. Any person signing a document under Part II.K.1.a or b of this section shall make the 

following certification: “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were 

prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified 

personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or 

persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the 

information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am 

aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of 

fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.” 

2. The CWA provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or 

certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, 

including monitoring reports or reports of compliance or non-compliance shall, upon conviction, be 

punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months 

per violation, or by both. 

L. Reporting requirements 

1. Planned changes. 

 The permittee shall give written notice to DHEC/Bureau of Water/Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water 

Permitting Division as soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted 

facility. Notice is required only when: 

a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining whether a 

facility is a new source in R 61-9.122.29(b); or 
Part II 

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Permit No. SC0023264 

b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutants 

discharged. This notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to effluent limitations in the 

permit, nor to notification requirements under Part II.L.8 of this section. 

c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's sewage sludge or industrial 

sludge use or disposal practices, and such alteration, addition, or change may justify the application of 

permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including notification of 

additional use or disposal sites not reported during the permit application process or not reported 

pursuant to an approved land application plan (included in the NPDES permit directly or by reference); 

2. Anticipated noncompliance. 

 The permittee shall give advance notice to the DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division of any 

planned changes in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit 

requirements. 

3. Transfers. 

 This permit is not transferable to any person except after written notice to the DHEC/Bureau of 

Water/NPDES Administration. The Department may require modification or revocation and reissuance of 

the permit to change the name of permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary 

under the Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act. 

a. Transfers by modification. Except as provided in paragraph b of this section, a permit may be 

transferred by the permittee to a new owner or operator only if the permit has been modified or revoked 

and reissued (under R.61-9.122.62(e)(2)), or a minor modification made (under R.61-9.122.63(d)), to 

identify the new permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary under CWA. 

b. Other transfers. As an alternative to transfers under paragraph a of this section, any NPDES permit may 

be transferred to a new permittee if: 

(1) The current permittee notifies the Department at least 30 days in advance of the proposed transfer 

date in Part II.L.3.b(2) of this section; 

 

(2) The notice includes U.S. EPA NPDES Application Form 1 and a written agreement between the 

existing and new permittees containing a specific date for transfer of permit responsibility, coverage, 

and liability between them; and 

(3) Permits are non-transferable except with prior consent of the Department. A modification under this 

section is a minor modification which does not require public notice. 

4. Monitoring reports. 

 Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit. 

a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) or forms provided or 

specified by the Department for reporting results of monitoring of sludge use or disposal practices 

including the following: 
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Permit No. SC0023264 

(1) Effluent Monitoring: Effluent monitoring results obtained at the required frequency shall be reported 

on a Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA Form 3320-1). The DMR is due postmarked no later 

than the 28th day of the month following the end of the monitoring period. One original and one 

copy of the Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) shall be submitted to: 

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control 

Bureau of Water/Compliance Assurance Division 

Permit and Data Administration Section 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, South Carolina 29201 

(2) Groundwater Monitoring: Groundwater monitoring results obtained at the required frequency shall 

be reported on a Groundwater Monitoring Report Form (DHEC 2110) postmarked no later than the 

28th day of the month following the end of the monitoring period. One original and one copy of the 

Groundwater Monitoring Report Form (DHEC 2110) shall be submitted to: 

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control 

Bureau of Water/Water Monitoring, Assessment and Protection Division 

Groundwater Quality Section 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, South Carolina 29201 

(3) Sludge, Biosolids and/or Soil Monitoring: Sludge, biosolids and/or soil monitoring results obtained 

at the required frequency shall be reported in a laboratory format postmarked no later than the 28th 

day of the month following the end of the monitoring period. Two copies of these results shall be 

submitted to: 

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control 

Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division 

Water Pollution Enforcement Section 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, South Carolina 29201 

(4) All other reports required by this permit shall be submitted at the frequency specified elsewhere in 

the permit to: 

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control 

Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division 

Water Pollution Enforcement Section 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, South Carolina 29201 

b. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit using test procedures 

approved under 40 CFR Part 136 or, in the case of sludge use or disposal, approved under 40 CFR Part 

136 unless otherwise specified in R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504, or as specified in the permit, all valid 

results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the 
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Permit No. SC0023264 

DMR or sludge reporting form specified by the Department. The permittee has sole responsibility for 

scheduling analyses, other than for the sample data specified in Part V, so as to ensure there is sufficient 

opportunity to complete and report the required number of valid results for each monitoring period. 

c. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements shall utilize an arithmetic mean 

unless otherwise specified by the Department in the permit. 

5. Twenty-four hour reporting 

a. The permittee shall report any non-compliance, which may endanger health or the environment. Any 

information shall be provided orally to local DHEC office within 24 hours from the time the permittee 

becomes aware of the circumstances. During normal working hours call: 

County EQC District Phone No. 

Anderson 

Oconee Appalachia I 864-260-5569 

Greenville 

Pickens Appalachia II 864-241-1090 

Cherokee, Spartanburg 

Union Appalachia III 864-596-3800 

Chester, Lancaster 

York Catawba 803-285-7461 

Fairfield, Lexington 

Newberry, Richland Central Midlands 803-896-0620 

Beaufort, Colleton 

Hampton, Jasper Low Country 843-846-1030 

Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, 

Barnwell, Calhoun, Orangeburg Lower Savannah 803-641-7670 

Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, 

Florence, Marion, Marlboro Pee Dee 843-661-4825 

Berkeley, Charleston 

Dorchester Trident 843-740-1590 

Abbeville, Edgefield, 

Greenwood 

Laurens, McCormick, Saluda 

Upper Savannah 864-223-0333 

Georgetown, Horry 

Williamsburg Waccamaw 843-448-1902 

Clarendon, Kershaw 

Lee, Sumter Wateree 803-778-1531 

 After-hour reporting should be made to the 24-Hour Emergency Response telephone number 803-253-

6488 or 1-888-481-0125 outside of the Columbia area. A written submission shall also be provided 

within 5 days of the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances to the address in Part 

II.L.4.a(4). The written submission shall contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the 

period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been 
Part II 

Page 14 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, 

and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance. 

b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under this 

paragraph. 

(1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. (See R.61-

9.122.44(g)). 

(2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. 

(3) Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the Department 

in the permit to be reported within 24 hours (See R 61-9.122.44(g)). If the permit contains maximum 

limitations for any of the pollutants listed below, a violation of the maximum limitations shall be 

reported orally to the DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division within 24 hours or the 

next business day. 

(a) Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET), 

(b) fecal coliform, 

(c) tributyl tin (TBT), and 

(d) any of the following bioaccumulative pollutants: 

α BHC 

β BHC 

δ BHC 

BHC 

Chlordane 

DDD 

DDE 

DDT 

Dieldrin 

Hexachlorobenzene 

Hexachlorobutadiene 

Lindane 

Mercury 

Mirex 

Octachlorostyrene 

PCBs 

Pentachlorobenzene 

Photomirex 

1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 

1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 

Toxaphene 

c. The Department may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis for reports under Part II.L.5.b of 

this section if the oral report has been received within 24 hours. 

6. Other noncompliance. 

 The permittee shall report all instances of noncompliance not reported under Part II.L.4 and 5 of this section 

and Part IV at the time monitoring reports are submitted. The reports shall contain the information listed in 

Part II.L.5 of this section. 

7. Other information. 

 Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or 

submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the Department, it shall promptly 

submit such facts or information to the Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division. This 
Part II 

Page 15 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

information may result in permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination in accordance with 

Regulation 61-9. 

8. Existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers. 

 In addition to the reporting requirements under Part II.L.1 of this section, all existing manufacturing, 

commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers must notify the DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water 

Enforcement Division of the Department as soon as they know or have reason to believe: 

a. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in the discharge on a routine or frequent 

basis, of any toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed the highest 

of the following “notification levels”: 

(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 μg/l); 

(2) Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 μg/l) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundred micrograms 

per liter (500 μg/l) for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; and one milligram per 

liter (1 mg/l) for antimony; 

(3) Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application; 

or 

(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with section R.61-9.122.44(f). 

b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a non-routine or 

infrequent basis, of a toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed in 

the highest of the following notification levels: 

(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 μg/l); 

(2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for antimony; 

(3) Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application 

in accordance with R.61-9.122.21(g)(7). 

(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with section R.61-9.122.44(f). 

M. Bypass 

1. Bypass not exceeding limitations. The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause 

effluent limitations to be exceeded but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient 

operation. These bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Part II.M.2 and 3 of this section. 

2. Notice. 

a. Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior 

notice, if possible, at least ten days before the date of the bypass to the DHEC/Bureau of Water/ 

Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division. 
Part II 

Page 16 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

b. Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required in Part 

II.L.5 of this section. 

3. Prohibition of bypass 

a. Bypass is prohibited, and the Department may take enforcement action against a permittee for bypass, 

unless: 

(1) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; 

(2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, 

retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. This 

condition is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should have been installed in the exercise of 

reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of 

equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and 

(3) The permittee submitted notices as required under Part II.M.2 of this section. 

b. The Department may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if the 

Department determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above in Part II.M.3.a of this section. 

N. Upset 

1. Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with 

such technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of Part II.N.2 of this section are met. 

No determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, 

and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review. 

2. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset. A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative 

defense of upset shall demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other 

relevant evidence that: 

a. An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset; 

b. The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated; and 

c. The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II.L.5.b(2) of this section. 

d. The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Part II.D of this section. 

3. Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding, the permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an 

upset has the burden of proof. 

O. Misrepresentation of Information 
Part II 

Page 17 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

1. Any person making application for a NPDES discharge permit or filing any record, report, or other 

document pursuant to a regulation of the Department, shall certify that all information contained in such 

document is true. All application facts certified to by the applicant shall be considered valid conditions of 

the permit issued pursuant to the application. 

2. Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, 

record, report, or other documents filed with the Department pursuant to the State law, and the rules and 

regulations pursuant to that law, shall be deemed to have violated a permit condition and shall be subject to 

the penalties provided for pursuant to 48-1-320 or 48-1-330. 
Part III. Limitations and Monitoring Requirements A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements 

1. During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee 

outfall serial number 02A: Sanitary wastewater and utility water. 

a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 

DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS

Mass (lbs/day) Concentration (mg/l) 

MONI

REQUIR

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Sampling 

Frequency 

Flow MR1, MGD MR1, MGD - - Daily pH - - Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su3 1/Week Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 0.58 1.2 MR MR 1/Week 2Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 0.92 1.8 MR MR 1/Week 2

1MR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.1 3See Part I.J. b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following loc

treatment but prior to mixing with the receiving stream. 

2. During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting through the expiration date or the initiat

V.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serial number 02B designated as T21: Sanitary and pr
a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 

DISCHARGE 

LIMITATIONS

Mass (lbs/day) Concentration (mg/l) 

MONITO

REQUIRE

EFFLUENT 

CHARACTERISTICS

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Sampling 

Frequency S

Flow MR1, MGD MR1, MGD - - Daily pH - - Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su3 1/Week Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 34 66 MR MR 1/Week 24 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 543 843 MR MR 1/Week 24 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 104 232 MR MR 1/Week 24 Phenols 0.88 1.8 MR MR 1/Week Sulfide 1.8 3.5 MR MR 1/Week Total Chromium 0.88 1.8 MR MR 1/Week 24 

1MR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.1 3See Part I.J. b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following loc

treatment but prior to mixing with the receiving stream. 

3. During the period beginning on the initiation of Tier II production (see Part V.E.4) and lasting through the expi

initiation of an alternate tier of production (see Part V.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serial 

Sanitary and process wastewater. a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 
DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS

Mass (lbs/day) Concentration (mg/l) 

MONITO

REQUIRE

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Sampling 

Frequency S

Flow MR1, MGD MR1, MGD - - Daily pH - - Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su3 1/Week Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 46 86 MR MR 1/Week 24 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 723 1122 MR MR 1/Week 24 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 138 309 MR MR 1/Week 24 Phenols 1.2 2.3 MR MR 1/Week Sulfide 2.3 4.7 MR MR 1/Week Total Chromium 1.2 2.3 MR MR 1/Week 24 

1MR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.1 3See Part I.J. b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following loc

treatment but prior to mixing with the receiving stream. 

4. During the period beginning on the initiation of Tier III production (see Part V.E.4) and lasting through the expi

initiation of an alternate tier of production (see Part V.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serial 

Sanitary and process wastewater. 

a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 
DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS

Mass (lbs/day) Concentration (mg/l) 

MONITO

REQUIRE

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Sampling 

Frequency S

Flow MR1, MGD MR1, MGD - - Daily pH - - Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su3 1/Week Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 103 MR MR 1/Week 24 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 849 1316 MR MR 1/Week 24 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 150 337 MR MR 1/Week 24 Phenols 1.4 2.9 MR MR 1/Week Sulfide 2.9 5.7 MR MR 1/Week Total Chromium 1.4 2.9 MR MR 1/Week 24 

1MR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.1 3See Part I.J. b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following loc

treatment but prior to mixing with the receiving stream. 

5. During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee 

outfall serial number 002: Process and sanitary wastewater and utility water. 

a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 
DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS

Mass (lbs/day) Concentration (mg/l) 

MONIT

REQUIRE

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Monthly 

Average 

Daily 

Maximum 

Sampling 

Frequency 

Flow MR1, MGD MR1, MGD - - Daily Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - - 2.0 mg/l Minimum at all times 1/Week Fecal Coliform - - 200/100 ml 400/100 ml 1/Week Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) - - 0.5 1.0 1/Week Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) MR MR MR MR 1/Week 24 Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) - - 4 8 1/Week 24 Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD)8 803 1600 - - 1/Week Color (Upstream of Discharge)4 - - - MR 1/Month Color (Discharge) - - - MR 1/Month Color (Downstream of Discharge)5 - - - MR 1/Month Color (Difference)6 - - - MR 1/Month Total Phosphorus MR - MR - 1/Month 24 Total Mercury7 - - MR MR 1/Month 

1MR: Monitor and Report 2See Part II.J.1 3See Part I.J. 4The ambient upstream sample point is defined as a point upstream of the discharge away from any possible effect of this or any other dis5The downstream sample point is defined as the nearest assessable point downstream of the discharge. 6The difference between the upstream sample and the downstream sample results. 7See Part V.A.3. 8See Part V.A.5. b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following loc

treatment but prior to mixing with the receiving stream. 
Part III 

Page 23 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

B. Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements 

1. During the period beginning on the effective date and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee is 

authorized to discharge from outfall serial number 002: Process and sanitary wastewater and utility water. 

a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below: 

DISCHARGE 

LIMITATIONS 

MONITORING 

REQUIREMENTS 

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS 

Quarterly 

Average1 Maximum1

Measurement 

Frequency 

Sample Type 

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole 

Effluent Toxicity 

@ CTC= 1.6%

MR %2 MR %2 3/quarter3 24 hour composite

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole 

Effluent Toxicity-Reproduction 

@ CTC= 1.6%

MR %2 MR %2 3/quarter3 24 hour composite 

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole 

Effluent Toxicity- 7-day Survival 

@ CTC= 1.6%

MR %2 MR %2 3/quarter3 24 hour composite

1

Quarterly average is defined as the mean of percent effects for all valid tests performed during the monitoring period following the 

procedures given in Part V.B.2.d. Maximum is defined as the highest percent effect of all valid tests performed during the monitoring 

period following the procedures in Part V.B.2.d. 2 See Part V.B.2 for additional toxicity reporting requirements. MR = Monitor and Report. 3 Valid tests must be separated by at least 13 days (from the time the first sample is taken to start one test until the time the first sample is 

taken to start a different test). There is no restriction on when a new test may begin following a failed or invalid test.

b. Samples used to demonstrate compliance with the discharge limitations and monitoring requirements 

specified above shall be taken at or near the final point-of-discharge but, prior to mixing with the 

receiving waters or other waste streams. 

c. If only one valid test is conducted during a quarter, results from that test must be used to assess 

compliance with the quarterly average limit as well as the maximum limit. If more than one valid test is 

completed during the quarter, the mean percent inhibition of all valid tests must be used to demonstrate 

compliance with the quarterly average limit. 

d. Valid test results from split samples shall be reported on the DMR. For reporting an average on the 

DMR, individual valid results for each test from a split sample are averaged first to determine a sample 

value. That value is averaged with other sample results obtained in the reporting period and the average 

of all sample results reported. For reporting the maximum on the DMR, individual valid results for each 

test from a split sample are averaged first to determine a sample value. That value is compared to other 

sample results obtained in the reporting period and the maximum of all sample results reported. For the 

purposes of reporting, split samples are reported as a single sample regardless of the number of times it 

is split. All laboratories used shall be identified on the DMR attachment. 
Part III 

Page 24 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements 

 Not applicable to this permit. 

D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements 

 

Not applicable to this permit.

E. Soil Monitoring Requirements 

Not applicable to this permit.
Part IV 

Page 25 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

Part IV. Schedule of Compliance 

A. Schedule(s) 

 Not applicable to this permit. 

B. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or any progress reports on, interim and final requirements 

contained in any compliance schedule of this permit shall be submitted no later than 10 days following each 

scheduled date. 
Part V 

Page 26 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

Part V. Other Requirements 

A. Effluent Requirements 

1. There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts, nor shall the 

effluent cause a visible sheen on the receiving waters. 

2. The American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI) Tristimulus Filter Method, as outlined in Standard 

Methods, latest revision, shall be used in measuring the color levels. Prior to determining the color, turbidity 

should be removed by filtration through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 microns. The filter 

used must be the non-wetted variety. The Department may reopen the permit anytime during the duration of 

this permit to include color limitations if the color of the discharge is a concern to the public and 

environment. 

3. The practical quantitation limit (PQL) using the analytical methods stated below shall be used for sampling 

and reporting results for mercury. 

Analytical Methods PQL

 EPA 1669/1631E 0.0005 μg/l 

The permittee must either become certified to perform mercury sampling in accordance with Method 1669 

or utilize a laboratory or other entity that is or becomes certified to sample for mercury using Method 1669. 

This permit may be reopened to eliminate monitoring requirements if the discharge is determined not to 

cause, contribute or have the reasonable potential to cause an instream water quality violation or to include 

limitations if the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality 

violation for mercury. The permittee shall use the results obtained from mercury sampling to make this 

determination. An evaluation may be performed after each sample using the guidelines established in the 

permit rationale. At any time the discharge is determined not to cause, contribute or have the reasonable 

potential to cause an instream excursion from the cumulative data set, the permittee may submit a written 

request to the following address requesting mercury monitoring be discontinued. 

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control 

Bureau of Water/Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division 

2600 Bull Street 

Columbia, South Carolina 29201 

 Upon Departmental concurrence, a new DMR will be sent to the permittee with no mercury monitoring 

included. If the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to an instream water 

quality violation for mercury based on one year of data, the permit may be reopened to include additional 

requirements and/or limitations on mercury.

4. Unless authorized elsewhere in this Permit, the permittee must meet the following requirements concerning 

maintenance chemicals for the following waste streams: once-through noncontact cooling water, 

recirculated cooling water, boiler blowdown water, and air washer water. Maintenance chemicals shall be 

defined as any man-induced additives to the above-referenced waste streams. 
Part V 

Page 27 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

a. Detectable amounts of any of the one hundred and twenty-six priority pollutants is prohibited in the 

discharge, if the pollutants are present due to the use of maintenance chemicals. 

b. Slimicides, algicides and biocides are to be used in accordance with registration requirements of the 

Federal Insecticides, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. 

c. The use of maintenance chemicals containing bis(tributyltin) oxide is prohibited. 

d. Any maintenance chemicals added to the above-referenced waste streams must degrade rapidly, either 

due to hydrolytic decomposition or biodegradation. 

e. Discharges of maintenance chemicals added to waste streams must be limited to concentrations which 

protect indigenous aquatic populations in the receiving stream. 

f. The permittee must keep sufficient documentation on-site that would show that the above requirements 

are being met. The information shall be made available for on-site review by Department personnel 

during normal working hours. 

g. The occurrence of instream problems may necessitate the submittal of chemical additive data and permit 

modification to include additional monitoring and limitations. 

5. Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD) is the oxygen consumed by aquatic microbes in metabolizing the 

remaining organic and nitrogenous matter in the effluent from the permittee's wastewater treatment plant. 

This demand is expressed in pounds per day and is calculated as follows: 

 UOD = [BOD5 * (f-ratio)} + (NH3-N * 4.57)] * Flow * 8.34 

where UOD = Ultimate Oxygen Demand (lbs/d) 

BOD5 = Biochemical Oxygen Demand - five-day (mg/l) (BOD5 from Outfall 002) 

f-ratio = 3 

NH3-N = Ammonia as nitrogen (mg/l) 

Flow = effluent flow (MGD) 

Please note that to meet the definition of monthly average, UOD should be calculated using individual BOD 

and ammonia concentrations with the corresponding flow and then the individual UOD values averaged. 

B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Other Biological Monitoring Requirements 

1. Acute Toxicity 

Not applicable to this permit. 
Part V 

Page 28 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

2. Chronic Toxicity (For the limits identified in Part III.B.1): 

a. A Ceriodaphnia dubia three brood chronic toxicity test shall be conducted at the frequency stated in Part 

III.B, “Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements,” using the CTC of 1.6% and the 

following test concentrations: 0% (control), 1%, 1.6%, 5%, 11% and 25% effluent. The permittee may 

add additional test concentrations without prior authorization from the Department provided that the test 

begins with at least 10 replicates in each concentration and all data is used to determine permit 

compliance. 

b. The test shall be conducted using EPA Method 1002.0 in accordance with “Short-Term Methods for 

Estimating Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms,” EPA/821/R02/013 (October 2002). 

c. The permittee shall use the 3-parameter logistic regression (3PLR) model assuming a binomial 

distribution for survival and a Poisson distribution for reproduction as recommended in the DHEC 

Bureau of Water document entitled “Options for Data Analysis of Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing 

Required by NPDES Permits,” September 2001 for calculating biological effect (percent inhibition) at 

the applicable CTC. 

d. Percent effect is the difference between control and test group performance expressed as a percentage of 

control group performance, or )* 100

control group performance

test group performance % effect =(1- , where performance is 

survival or reproduction. The permittee shall report the percent effect on both Ceriodaphnia dubia

survival and reproduction at the CTC. Overall percent effect is the greater of the percent effect on 

survival and reproduction. 

e. A test shall be invalidated if any part of Method 1002.0 is not followed or if the laboratory is not 

certified at the time the test is conducted. 

f. All valid toxicity test results shall be submitted on the DHEC Form 3710 entitled “DMR Attachment for 

Toxicity Test Results” in accordance with Part II.L.4. In addition, results from all invalid tests must be 

appended to DMRs, including lab control data. The permittee has sole responsibility for scheduling 

toxicity tests so as to ensure there is sufficient opportunity to complete and report the required number of

valid test results for each monitoring period. 

g. This permit may be modified based on new information that supports a modification in accordance with 

Regulation 61-9.122.62 and Regulation 61-68.D. 

3. Instream Macroinvertebrate Assessment 

Not applicable to this permit. 

C. Groundwater Requirements 

Not applicable to this permit. 
Part V 

Page 29 of 29 

Permit No. SC0023264 

D. Sludge and Other Land Application Requirements 

Solid wastes and sludges shall be disposed of at the Richland County Landfill (# 402401-1101) in accordance 

with the agreement/approval letter from the landfill dated June 10,2002. Written approval from the Department 

must be obtained prior to disposal of other sludges or use of other sludge disposal methods. 

E. Other Conditions 

1. The permittee shall maintain an all weather access road to the wastewater treatment plant, land application 

areas, and appurtenances at all times. 

2. The wastewater treatment plant shall be assigned a classification of Group II in the Permit to Construct 

which is issued by the Department. This classification corresponds to an operator with a Grade of CBiological. 

3. The permittee shall monitor all parameters consistent with conditions established by this permit on the 2nd 

Thursday of every calendar month, unless otherwise approved by this Department. Additional monitoring, 

as necessary to meet the frequency requirements of this permit shall be performed by the permittee. 

4. In accordance with Regulation 61-9.122.45(b)(2)(ii)(B): 

a. The permittee must notify the Department at least two business days prior to a month in which the 

permittee expects to operate at a level higher than the lowest production level identified in the permit. 

The written notice shall specify the anticipated level and the period during which the permittee expects 

to operate at the alternate level. If the notice covers more than one month, the notice shall specify the 

reasons for the anticipated production level increase. New notice of discharge at alternate levels is 

required to cover a period or production level not covered by prior notice or, if during two consecutive 

months otherwise covered by a notice, the production level at the permitted facility does not in fact meet 

the higher level designated in the notice. The notice shall be submitted to the address stated in Part 

II.L.4.A(4). 

b. The permittee shall comply with the limitations, standards, or prohibitions that correspond to the lowest 

level of production specified in the permit, unless the permittee has notified the Department under Part 

V.E.1.a of this section, in which case the permittee shall comply with the lower of the actual level of 

production during each month or the level specified in the notice. 

c. The permittee shall submit with the DMR the level of production that actually occurred during each 

month and the limitations, standards, or prohibitions applicable to that level of production. 

Tier Production Range 

(lbs/day) 

Production Midpoint 

(lbs/day) 

I 15,600 – 20,499 17,600 

II 20,500 – 26,049 23,400 

III 26, 050 – 30,499 28,700 
Rationale 

Page 1 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

RATIONALE 

 

Permitting Engineer: Melanie K. Kastler August 5, 2003 

Name of Facility: Kawashima Textile USA, Inc. Primary Industry Categories

Adhesives and sealants 

Aluminum forming 

Auto and other laundries 

Battery manufacturing 

Coal mining 

Coil coating 

Copper forming 

Electrical and electronic components 

Electroplating 

Explosives manufacturing 

Foundries 

Gum and wood chemicals 

Inorganic chemicals manufacturing 

Iron and steel manufacturing 

Leather tanning and finishing 

Mechanical products manufacturing 

Nonferrous metal manufacturing 

Ore mining 

Organic chemicals manufacturing 

Paint and ink formulation 

Pesticides 

Petroleum refining 

Pharmaceutical preparations

Photographic equipment and supplies 

Plastics processing 

Plastic and synthetic materials manufacturing 

Porcelain enameling 

Printing and publishing 

Pulp and paper mills 

Rubber processing 

Soap and detergent manufacturing 

Steam electric power plants

Textile Mills 

Timber Products Processing

NPDES Permit No.:SC0023264 

Facility Rating: Major (EPA review required) 

 Minor (EPA review may be required; see 

below) 

Facility Location: Lugoff, South Carolina. 

County: Kershaw 

Watershed: Basin 03 (Catawba-Santee River Basin) 

Permit based on NPDES Permit Application: 2D/2E 

Application Received Date: 11/27/02 

Issuance (New) Reissuance Modification 

If this application is for a new or expansion of an existing facility, an 

antidegradation review may be required per the requirements of R.61-68.D. 

Facility Description (include SIC code): This facility performs dying and 

finishing. Discharges consist of sanitary and utility wastewater through internal 

outfall 02A and process and sanitary through internal outfall 02B. Outfall 002 is 

the final outfall. SIC Code is 2261 

→Is any discharge subject to any of the Primary Industry Categories identified in 

R.61-9.122, Appendix A as listed at right? Yes (If yes, EPA review required.) 

Indicate category(ies) applicable and Regulations governing the discharge: 

Textiles 

Receiving Water: Wateree River 

Receiving Water Classification (see R.61-69 for water classifications): Fresh 

Water 

→Does this discharge(s) have the potential to affect waters in another state? No (If yes, EPA review required.) 

Is the discharge to Impaired Waters?: Yes 

If Yes, list the monitoring station number and parameter(s) causing impairment: CW-019 is on the 303(d) List for dissolved 

oxygen and fecal coliform and the Wateree River is on the 303(d) List for mercury. Also, downstream Lake Marion is 

impaired for phosphorus. 

 

→Average Discharge Flow: (Qd) (MGD): 0.6 (highest flow from permit application) (EPA review required for any average 

discharge exceeding 0.5 MGD) 

→Is this permit for a Federal facility with a daily average flow greater than 0.05 MGD (from all sources)? No (If yes, EPA 

review required.) 

Stream Data from Wasteload Allocation dated (3/21/03) 

 
Rationale 

Page 2 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Receiving Stream Flow Data cfs MGD 

7Q10 at discharge point (Q7Q10) 508.000 327.742 

Average Annual Flow at discharge point (AAFd) 6168.800 3979.871 

 

Is the discharge above a drinking water intake? Yes, Intake #S08104, Santee Cooper Regional, Lake Moultrie 

Map showing the SWP area and the discharge point included: No 

Source Water Protection Stream Flow Data cfs MGD 

7Q10 at source water protection area boundary (Q7Q10i) 2320.000 1496.770 

Average Annual Flow at source water protection area boundary (AAFi) 14684.000 9473.550 

NPDES permit application information (including all subsequent data presented) from has been used to evaluate permit 

limitations. Data from Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) has not been used as this Kawashima bought out Wateree 

Textiles (previous owner) whom also performed dying and finishing. 

I. GENERAL INFORMATION 

A. The effluent from this facility may be subject to the requirements of any of the following regulations: R.61-9.125, 129, 

133, and 403; 40 CFR Part 136; Subchapter N (40 CFR Parts 400 through 402 and 404 through 471); R.61-9.503, 

R.61-9.504 and R.61-9.505. 

B. Authority: This permit is written in accordance with applicable laws and regulations including, but not limited to, 

Regulation 61-9, Regulation 61-68, Pollution Control Act and Clean Water Act. 

C. Under R.61-9.124.8 (Fact Sheet), a fact sheet shall be prepared for every draft permit for a major NPDES facility or 

activity, for every Class I sludge management facility, for every NPDES draft permit that incorporates a variance or 

requires an explanation under section 124.56(b), and for every draft permit which the Department finds is the subject of 

wide-spread public interest or raises major issues. The Rationale will be included as an attachment to the Fact Sheet 

prepared under this regulation. 

D. The conclusions noted in the Rationale establish proposed effluent limitations and permit requirements addressed in 

R.61-9.122.43 (Establishing Permit Conditions), R.61-9.122.44 (Establishing Limitations, Standards and other permit 

conditions) and other appropriate sections of R.61-9. 

II. RATIONALE GUIDANCE PROCEDURES 

A. The receiving stream 7Q10, annual average stream flow at the discharge point, and 7Q10 and annual average stream 

flow at the boundary of the source water protection area above a proposed or existing drinking water intake (if 

applicable) are determined by the SCDHEC’s Wasteload Allocation Section. The 7Q10 and Annual Average Flow are 

based on information published or verified by the USGS or an estimate extrapolation from published or verified USGS 

data. These flows may be adjusted by the Wasteload Allocation Section to account for existing water withdrawals that 

impact the stream flow. The 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) and annual average flow at the discharge 

point or 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) and annual average flow at the boundary of the SWP area for a 

proposed or existing drinking water intake will be used to determine dilution factors, as appropriate, in accordance 

with R.61-68.C.4.a & 4.b for aquatic life, human health, and organoleptic effects respectively. 

B. Water and organism consumption and drinking water MCL data will be evaluated as human health values when 

calculating dilution factors. “The Department may, after Notice of Intent included in a notice of a proposed NPDES 

permit in accordance with Regulation 61-9.124.10, determine that drinking water MCLs or W/O shall not apply to 

discharges to those waterbodies where there is: no potential to affect an existing or proposed drinking water source 
Rationale 

Page 3 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

and no state-approved source water protection area.” For permitting purposes, a proposed drinking water source is 

one for which a complete permit application, including plans and specifications for the intake, is on file with the 

Department at the time of consideration of an NPDES permit application for a discharge that will affect or has the 

potential to affect the drinking water source.” See R.61-68.E.12.c(5). The Department defines the source water 

protection (SWP) area to be the primary SWP area delineated by the Source-Water Assessment and Protection 

(SWAP) Program initiated by the EPA and required by the states to identify SWP areas to protect drinking water 

sources. Using the procedure described in the document entitled, “Determination of the Primary and Secondary 

Source-Water Protection Areas for Selected Surface-Water Public-Supply Systems in South Carolina, 1999,” USGS 

Water Resource Investigations Report 00-4097, the primary SWP area for a drinking water intake is the area which 

encompasses all 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) basins that adjoin streams, tributaries, and reservoirs between 

an intake and the upstream 10-percent exceedance, 24-hour travel distance (TOT10). The entire basin above a drinking 

water intake has been designated as the SWP area where the drainage area is equal to or less than one HUC basin or is 

estimated to have less than 24-hours of instream travel time between the intake and the HUC basin in the headwaters 

of the drainage basin. 

C. Application of numeric criteria to protect human health: If separate numeric criteria are given for organism 

consumption, water and organism consumption (W/O), and drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), 

they shall be applied as appropriate. The most stringent of the criteria shall be applied to protect the existing and 

classified uses of the waters of the State. See R.61-68.E.12.b(1). 

D. Numeric criteria have been established in R.61-68 based on organoleptic data (prevention of undesirable taste and 

odor). For those substances which have aquatic life and/or human health numeric criteria and organoleptic 

numeric criteria, the most stringent of the three shall be used for derivation of permit effluent limitations. See 

R.61-68.E.11. 

E. Sampling Frequency: Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of 

the monitored activity. Monitoring results must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 

CFR Part 136, unless other test procedures have been specified in the permit (R.61-9.122.41). Typically 

requirements to report monitoring results shall be established on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent 

on the nature and effect of the discharge but in no case less than once a year (R.61-9.122.44)

F. Compliance Schedules: 

1. A person issued an NPDES permit by the Department who is not in compliance with applicable effluent standards 

and limitations or other requirements contained therein at the time the permit is issued, shall be required to achieve 

compliance within a period of time as set forth by the Department, with effluent standards and limitations, with water 

quality standards, or with specific requirements or conditions set by the Department. The Department shall require 

compliance with terms and conditions of the permit in the shortest reasonable period of time as determined thereby or 

within a time schedule for compliance which shall be specified in the issued permit. 

 2. If a time schedule for compliance specified in an NPDES permit which is established by the Department, exceeds 

nine (9) months, the time schedule shall provide for interim dates of achievement for compliance with certain 

applicable terms and conditions of the permit. (R.61-9.122.47)

G. Procedure for establishing effluent limitations: 

1. Effluent limits (mass and concentration) for Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ultimate 

Oxygen Demand (UOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Ammonia Nitrogen (as N), and Nutrients are 

established by the Wasteload Allocation (WLA) Section, with consideration given to technology-based 
Rationale 

Page 4 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

limitations. 

a. Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD5, Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD), Dissolved Oxygen 

(DO): 

Effluent limits for conventional oxygen demanding constituents (BOD5, UOD and DO) are 

established to protect in-stream water quality and uses, while utilizing a portion of the assimilative 

capacity of the receiving water. The ability of a water body to assimilate oxygen-demanding 

substances is a function of its physical and chemical characteristics above and below the discharge 

point. Various mathematical techniques, called models, have been developed to estimate this 

capacity. The Department follows the procedures as outlined in the “State/EPA Region IV 

Agreement on the Development of Wasteload Allocations/Total Maximum Daily Loads and NPDES 

Permit Limitations” dated October 30, 1991 (as updated) for determining the assimilative capacity of 

a given water body. Mathematical models such as QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS are used in 

accordance with “Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: 

Documentation and Users Manual” (EPA/600/3-87/007; dated May 1987) as updated. BOD5 and 

UOD values determined from modeling results will be used in permitting as monthly average 

derived limits (Cwla). Daily maximum derived limits will be determined by multiplying the monthly 

average value by two. 

For facilities subject to effluent guidelines limitations or other technology-based limitations, BOD5

will also be evaluated in accordance with the applicable industrial categorical guidelines. These 

parameters will be identified in Part III of this rationale when they are applicable to the permit. 

b. Total Ammonia Nitrogen (as N): 

Ammonia limitations based on oxygen demand will be determined from modeling information as 

described above. These values will be used as monthly average derived limits and a daily 

maximum will be determined by multiplying the monthly average derived limit by two. These values 

will be compared with the ammonia water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life from 

Regulation 61-68, Attachment 3 and any categorical limitations. The more stringent of the 

limitations will be imposed. Calculations for aquatic life criteria and other wasteload 

recommendations will be shown later in Part III of this rationale when ammonia is a pollutant of 

concern. 

c. Discharges of Nutrients: 

In order to protect and maintain lakes and other waters of the State, consideration is given to the control 

of nutrients reaching the waters of the State. Therefore, in accordance with regulation R.61-68.E.9, the 

Department controls the nutrients as prescribed below. Nutrient limitations will be determined from the 

best available information and/or modeling performed by the Wasteload Allocation Section to meet these 

water quality standards. 

i. Discharges of nutrients from all sources, including point and nonpoint, to waters of the State shall be prohibited or 

limited if the discharge would result in or if the waters experience growths of microscopic or macroscopic 

vegetation such that the water quality standards would be violated or the existing or classified uses of the waters 

would be impaired. Loading of nutrients shall be addressed on an individual basis as necessary to ensure 

compliance with the narrative and numeric criteria. 

ii. Numeric nutrient criteria for lakes are based on an ecoregional approach which takes into account the geographic 

location of the lakes within the State and are listed below. These numeric criteria are applicable to lakes of 40 

acres or more. Lakes of less than 40 acres will continue to be protected by the narrative criteria. 
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Page 5 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

1. for the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.02 mg/l, 

chlorophyll a shall not exceed 10 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 0.35 mg/l 

2. for the Piedmont and Southeastern Plains ecoregions of the State, total phosphorus shall not 

exceed 0.06 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 

mg/l 

3. for the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 

0.09 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l. 

iii. In evaluating the effects of nutrients upon the quality of lakes and other waters of the State, the Department may 

consider, but not be limited to, such factors as the hydrology and morphometry of the waterbody, the existing 

and projected trophic state, characteristics of the loadings, and other control mechanisms in order to protect the 

existing and classified uses of the waters. 

iv. The Department shall take appropriate action, to include, but not limited to: establishing numeric effluent 

limitations in permits, establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads, establishing waste load allocations, and 

establishing load allocations for nutrients to ensure that the lakes attain and maintain the above narrative and 

numeric criteria and other applicable water quality standards. 

v. The criteria specific to lakes shall be applicable to all portions of the lake. For this purpose, the Department shall 

define the applicable area to be that area covered when measured at full pool elevation. 

2. Effluent concentration limits (Cefflim) for parameters other than the 

parameters listed in G.1.a-c above are established using the following 

procedures: 

Q7Q10 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the discharge point in mgd. (may require adjustment 

for withdrawals) 

AAFd Average Annual Flow (AAF) of the receiving stream at the discharge point in mgd. 

(may require adjustment for withdrawals) 

Q7Q10i 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the SWP Area boundary in mgd. 

AAFi Average Annual Flow (AAF) of the receiving stream at the SWP Area boundary in 

mgd. 

Qd Long term average discharge flow in mgd. 

a. Determine dilution factors: 

The following information is to be used (where applicable) for establishing effluent concentration limits: 

DF1: Dilution factor based on 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the discharge point (Q7Q10). This 

dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following aquatic 

life and human health concerns for the reasons indicated: 

i. Aquatic Life (see R.61-68.C.4.a(1)). Protection of aquatic life on a short-term basis 

is needed at the point where aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge. 

ii. Human Health – Organism Consumption for parameters identified as noncarcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for human health on a short-term basis for 

consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic organisms become 

exposed to the discharge. 
Rationale 

Page 6 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

 ⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ + =

d

Q d

Q

Q Q DF 7 10

1

DF2: Dilution factor, at the discharge point, based on the Average Annual Flow of the receiving 

stream at the discharge point (AAFd). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived 

limits for protection of the following human health and organoleptic concerns for the reasons

indicated: 

i. Human Health – Organism Consumption for parameters identified as carcinogens 

per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for human health on a long-term basis to prevent 

cancer due to consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic 

organisms become exposed to the discharge where it enters the stream. 

ii. Organoleptic effects per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for taste and odor issues 

related to the discharge is needed at the point where the discharge enters the stream. 

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ + =

d

d d

Q

AAF Q DF2

DF3: Dilution factor based on the 7Q10 at the source water protection area boundary for 

protection of a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the discharge (Q7Q10i). This 

dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following human 

health concerns for the reasons indicated: 

i. Human Health – Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as 

non-carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for short-term health 

effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human 

health relative to drinking the water from the stream and consuming aquatic organisms 

from the same stream is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from 

the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of applicable 

dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-

68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary of the Source 

Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to meet this requirement. 

For discharges affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest 

TOT10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of 

concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP 

area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is 

designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT10 at the beginning of the 

basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). 

ii. Human Health - Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters 

identified as non-carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for shortterm health effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection 

of human health relative to drinking the water from the stream after conventional 

treatment per R.61-68.G.8 and 10 is provided by this criterion. In addition, to satisfy the 

requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the 

boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to 
Rationale 

Page 7 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

meet this requirement. 

For discharges affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest 

TOT10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of 

concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP 

area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is 

designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT10 at the beginning of the 

basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). 

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ + =

d

Q i d

Q

Q Q DF 7 10

3

DF4: Dilution factor based on the Average Annual Flow at the source water protection area 

boundary for protection of a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the discharge

(AAFi ) 

This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following 

human health concerns for the reasons indicated: 

i. Human Health–Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as 

carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for long-term health effects 

due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of 

human health relative to drinking the water from the stream and consuming aquatic 

organisms from the same stream is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water 

withdrawn from the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of

applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the 

requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the 

boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to 

meet this requirement. 

For discharges affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest 

TOT10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of 

concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP 

area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is 

designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT10 at the beginning of the 

basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). 

ii. Human Health - Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters 

identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for long-term 

health effects due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. 

Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the stream and consuming 

aquatic organisms from the same stream is provided by this criterion, but drinking the 

water withdrawn from the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in 

terms of applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the 

requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the 

boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to 

meet this requirement. 

For discharges affecting the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest 

TOT10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of 

concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP 

area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is 

designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT10 at the beginning of the 
Rationale 

Page 8 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina). 

 ⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ + =

d

i d

Q

AAF Q DF4

Dilution Factors (using formulas above): 

DF1 547.24 

DF2 6634.12 

DF3, if applicable 2495.62 

DF4, if applicable 15790.25 

b. Determine monthly average derived limits using the following procedures: 

WQSal Freshwater Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per 

R.61-68) for protection of Aquatic Life; may be a CCC or CMC as defined below 

WQSorg Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for 

protection of Human Health – Organism Consumption 

WQSwo Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for 

protection of Human Health – Water & Organism Consumption. Applicable only if any 

portion of the mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection 

area for a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the wastewater treatment plant 

discharge point. 

WQSmcl Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), for 

Drinking Water MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level). Applicable only if any portion of the 

mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection area for a 

proposed or existing water intake downstream of the wastewater treatment plant discharge

point. 

WQSol: Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), 

based on Organoleptic Data. 

Caqlife Concentration limit derived from aquatic life data 

CHH Concentration limit derived from human health data as determined from organism (Corg), 

water/organism (Cwo)and MCL (Cmcl) data 

Col Concentration limit derived from organoleptic data 

Cb Background concentration of the concerned parameter in mg/l determined from ambient 

monitoring data or data provided by applicant. The 90th percentile of ambient monitoring data for 

aquatic life protection for the parameters identified in the Appendix (Water Quality Numeric Criteria)

to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 years, or whatever is available if less than 3 years, will typically

be used per the procedures used for 303(d) listing. The median value of ambient monitoring data for 

human health protection for the parameters identified in the Appendix (Water Quality Numeric 

Criteria) to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 years, or whatever is available if less than 3 years, will 

typically be used per the procedures used for 303(d) listing. The background concentration is 

assumed to be zero (0) in the absence of actual data based on Departmental guidance and EPA 

recommendation. 

i. Determine the derived limit for protection of Aquatic Life (Caqlife) 

1. The following guidelines apply to determining aquatic life limits: 

a. Typically, the Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) is applied as a daily maximum 
Rationale 

Page 9 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

derived limit and the Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) is applied as a monthly 

average derived limit, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. 

Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific parameters. The 

CMC and CCC for specific metals will be adjusted using the procedures in 60 FR 22229, 

“Water Quality Standards; Establishment of Numeric Criteria for Priority Toxic 

Pollutants; States’ Compliance-Revision of Metals Criteria,” May 4, 1995 and the 

“Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals 

Criteria,” Oct. 1, 1993 and applied as a daily maximum and monthly average, 

respectively, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. 

b. If only a CMC exists for a particular parameter, a daily maximum derived permit limit 

only (no monthly average) will be set using that value, after consideration of dilution and 

background concentrations. If only a CCC is given, it will be used as a monthly average 

derived limit and the daily maximum derived limit will be two (2) times the value obtained 

for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining 

permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the US EPA’s “Technical Support 

Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control”, EPA/505/2-90-001, March 1991 

(hereafter known as the TSD) considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 

0.6 and 95th percentile occurrence probability. 

c. If only an acute toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular 

pollutant is given as a LC50, the lowest concentration should be divided by an acute-tochronic ratio (ACR) of 10 and a sensitivity factor of 3.3, for an acceptable instream 

concentration in order to protect against chronic toxicity effects (from R.61-

68.E.14.a(1)). Other acute toxicity data will be handled similarly. The value obtained 

from this calculation will be used as a monthly average derived limit after consideration 

of dilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the 

value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for 

determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an 

assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.6 and 95th percentile occurrence probability. 

d. If a chronic toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant 

is given as a no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest concentration should 

be divided by a sensitivity factor of 3.3 in order to protect against chronic toxicity to the 

most sensitive species (from R.61-68.E.14.a(2)). Other chronic toxicity data will be 

handled similarly. The value obtained from this calculation will be used as a monthly 

average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. 

The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average 

based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in 

Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.6 and 

95th percentile occurrence probability. 

e. If both acute and chronic data are available for a particular pollutant, monthly average 

derived limit will be calculated as in c and d above for each acute and chronic, 

respectively. The more stringent of the monthly average derived limits will be the 

monthly average derived limit used after consideration of dilution and background 

concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the 

monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits 
Rationale 

Page 10 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an assumed coefficient of 

variation (CV) of 0.6 and 95th percentile occurrence probability.

2. Consider the background concentration (Cb) of the parameter of concern. If the background 

concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable stream standard (WQS, as defined 

above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit (Caqlife) for that 

parameter and for the protection of that stream standard, is established equal to the stream

standard (WQS). An exception exists where the naturally occurring instream concentration

for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the 

Department may establish permit effluent limitations (Cefflim) at a level higher than the derived

limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the 

Department may require biological instream monitoring and/or whole effluent toxicity (WET) 

testing (See R.61-68.E.12.c.2). i.e. 

If Cb is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

C b ≥ WQS

Then 

Caqlife = WQS .

If Cb is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

C b ≥ WQS

Then 

C aqlife < C eff lim ≤ C b . 

Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Item 3 or 4 below. 

3. For the parameters listed in Table A below, Regulation R.61-68 Section E.12 provides for 

the use of the EPA Office of Water Policy and "Technical Guidance on Interpretation and 

Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria", October 1, 1993. A subsequent revision 

published in the Federal Register (60 FR 22229) on May 4, 1995 updated the data in the 

original report. See R.61-68 Attachment 1 “Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals” and 

Attachment 2 “Parameter for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria that are 

Hardness-Dependent”. The following equations and constants will be used to calculate 

aquatic life metals limits based on the Federal Register data. The water quality standard 

for these metals (CCC or CMC) will also be adjusted using this approach in accordance with 

Regulation 61-68.E.12.d(3) for evaluation of ambient water quality. 

TSSe Effluent Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration in mg/l from actual or 

proposed monthly average permit limits. 

TSSb Background or in-stream Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration. The 

background TSS is assumed to be 1 mg/l in the absence of actual stream data 

based on the 5th percentile of ambient TSS data on South Carolina streams from 

1993-2000. 

TSSavg Average in-stream (mixed) TSS concentration. 

CF Conversion factor considered most relevant in fresh water for aquatic life as defined

by EPA in dissolved metals documents for each listed metal 

H Hardness in mg/l of CaCO3. Per R.61-68.E.12.a(3), the CMC and CCC are based 

on a hardness of 25 mg/l if the ambient hardness is less than 25 mg/l. Concentrations of 

hardness less than 400 mg/l may be based on the actual mixed stream hardness if it is 

greater than 25 mg/l and less than 400 mg/l and 400 mg/l if the ambient hardness is 

greater than 400 mg/l. The background hardness is assumed to be 25 mg/l in the absence 
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Page 11 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

of actual stream data. Mixed stream hardness may be determined using effluent hardness 

and actual stream hardness. 

Kpo Metal-specific equilibrium constant 

a Metal-specific constant 

Kp Linear partition coefficient 

Kpb Linear partition coefficient for use in the derivation of an adjusted water quality

standard 

Cd Dissolved phase metal concentration 

Ct Total metal concentration 

S a constant to represent the CCC or CMC 

The following table lists the values for the constants, the CCC and CMC, the recommended values of the 

conversion factor (CF), and the adjusted CCC and CMC: 

Table A 

Parameter kpo a CMC CCC

(μg/l) 

CFCMC

(μg/l) 

CFCCC

Arsenic 0.48 x 106 -0.7286 340 100 150 100

Cadmium 4.00 x 106 -1.1307 0.95* 100* 0.83* 96.7*

Chromium+3 3.36 x 106 -0.9304 580* 31.6 68* 86

Chromium+6 3.36 x 106 -0.9304 16 98.2 11 96.2

Copper 1.04 x 106 -0.7436 3.8* 96 2.9* 96

Lead 0.31 x 106 -0.1856 14* 99.3* 0.54* 99.3*

Mercury 2.91 x 106 -1.1356 1.6 85 0.091 85

Nickel 0.49 x 106 -0.5719 150* 99.8 16* 99.7

Zinc 1.25 x 106 -0.7038 37* 97.8 37* 98.6

* The equations for calculating the CCC, CMC, and conversion factors are given in the 

Appendix to Regulation 61-68 and Attachments 1and 2 for each parameter. The values given for the CMC 

and CCC and CF in the table are based on 25 milligrams/liter (mg/l) hardness (as expressed as CaCO3). 

Effluent TSS concentration (TSSe) (mg/l) (based on monthly average permit limit) 30 

Background or In-stream TSS concentration (TSSb) (mg/l) 1 

Calculated In-stream Average TSS concentration after mixing (TSSavg) (mg/l) 1.05 

From Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste Load Allocations Book II, Rivers 

and Streams, EPA/440/484/022: 

S = CCC orCMC

Cd = S ×CF

To determine the adjusted water quality standard (WQSal), use S and the equation for Cd

above and the following equations: 

a

po b b

K p = K × (TSS )
Rationale 

Page 12 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

{ ( )} 6 1 10− WQSal = Cd × + K pb ×TSSb ×

To determine the effluent limit (Caqlife) , use S and the equation for Cd above and the 

following equations: 

( )

7 10

7 10 ( )

d Q

d e Q b

avg Q Q

Q TSS Q TSS

TSS

+

× + × =

a K p K po TSSavg = × ( )

{ ( )} 6 1 10− Ct = Cd × + K p ×TSSavg×

Once Ct has been calculated, it is multiplied by DF1 and background concentrations are 

accounted for to obtain the monthly average derived limit (Caqlife): 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

Q

aqlife t b Q

Q C C DF C 7 10

1 ( )

4. For all other parameters not included in paragraph 3, Table A, monthly average

derived limits (Caqlife) for aquatic life protection are calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

Q

aqlife al b Q

Q C DF WQS C 7 10

1 ( )

ii. Determine derived limit for protection of Human Health 

1. The following guidelines apply to determining human health limits: 

a. The human health criterion given by Regulation 61-68 will be applied as a monthly 

average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations 

(CHH-avg). Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific 

parameters. No limits on human health based on water and organism consumption

or drinking water MCLs will be imposed if there is no potential to affect a drinking 

water intake or source water protection area (i.e., if there is no intake downstream of 

the discharge). 

b. The daily maximum permit limit will be determined from the monthly average value 

from (a) above and a multiplier (M) determined using a statistical procedure 

recommended in Section 5.5 using average = 95th percentile from Table 5-3 in the 

TSD. The permitted or proposed number of samples per month (n) is used with the 

coefficient of variation (CV) to determine M. CV is assumed to be 0.6 as a default 

value if information is not known. 

 ( 0.5 )

( 0.5 )

2

2

a n n

m

Z

Z

e

e M σ σ

σ σ

−

−

=

where: 
Rationale 

Page 13 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = ln +1

2

2

n

CV

σ n

ln( 1) 2 2 σ = CV +

CV = coefficient of variation of the effluent concentration = 

Mean

Std. Deviation

n = the number of effluent samples per month (where frequency is less than 

1/month, n =1) 

zm = the percentile exceedance probability for the daily maximum permit limit 

(=2.326 for 99th percentile basis) 

za = the percentile exceedance probability for the monthly average permit limit 

(=1.645 for 95th percentile basis) 

CHH-max = M * CHH-avg

2. Consider the background concentration (Cb) of the parameter of concern. If the background 

concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable stream standard (WQS, as defined 

above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit (CHHe) for that 

parameter and for the protection of that stream standard, is established equal to the stream

standard (WQS). An exception exists where the naturally occurring instream concentration

for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the 

Department may establish permit effluent limitations (Cefflim) at a level higher than the derived

limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the 

Department may require biological instream monitoring and/or whole effluent toxicity (WET) 

testing (See R.61-68.E.12.c.3). 

If Cb is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

C b ≥ WQS

Then 

C = WQS HH .

If Cb is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

C b ≥ WQS

Then 

C HH < C eff lim ≤ C b . 

Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Items 3-6 below. 

3. Human Health – Organism Consumption (Corg). 

a. For Carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

d

org org b Q

AAF C (DF2 WQS ) C

b. For Non-carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 
Rationale 

Page 14 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

Q

org org b Q

Q C DF WQS C 7 10

1 ( )

4. Human Health – Water and Organism Consumption (Cwo) 

a. For Carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

i

wo wo b Q

AAF C (DF4 WQS ) C

b. For Non-carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

Q i

wo wo b Q

Q C DF WQS C 7 10

3 ( )

5. Human Health – Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) (Cmcl). 

a. For Carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

i

mcl mcl b Q

AAF C (DF4 WQS ) C

b. For Non-carcinogens 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

Q i

mcl mcl b Q

Q C DF WQS C 7 10

3 ( )

6. Organoleptic criteria (Col). 

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows: 

⎪⎭

⎪

⎬

⎫

⎪⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = × − ×

d

d

ol ol b Q

AAF C (DF2 WQS ) C

c. Determine most stringent of applicable data using the monthly average derived limits determined or 

calculated above: 

Cefflim = minimum of (Caqlife, Corg, Cwo, Cmcl, Col, Cwla) 

Note: If a CMC is present for the parameter of concern, the daily maximum derived limit 

obtained from that calculation must also be considered under reasonable potential. 

d. Determine whether the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a
Rationale 

Page 15 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

water quality violation. 

Regulation 61-9.122.44(d)(1)(i) states: “Limitations must control all pollutants or pollutant parameters 

(either conventional, nonconventional, or toxic pollutants) which the Department determines are or 

may be discharged at a level which will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute 

to an excursion above any State water quality standard, including State narrative criteria for water 

quality.” 

When determining whether a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to 

an instream excursion, the Department will use procedures which account for controls on point and 

nonpoint sources of pollution, the variability of the pollutant in the effluent, the sensitivity of the 

species to toxicity testing (when evaluating whole effluent toxicity), and, where appropriate, the 

dilution of the effluent in the receiving water (R.61-9.122.44(d)(1)(ii)). 

Based on the above statements, there are three scenarios when limitations are required, as follows: 

i. When data provided by the permit applicant indicates values greater than the proposed limitation derived above, that discharge 

will cause an excursion above a narrative or numeric water quality criterion. 

ii. A discharge will be determined to contribute to an excursion of a water quality criterion when the waterbody is impaired (e.g., 

on the 303(d) list) for the parameter of concern and that parameter is also being discharged. 

iii. Reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation is determined using the following information: 

Chapter 3 of the TSD provides information for determining the need for permit limits based on the regulatory statements 

above. A statistical procedure is also presented in Chapter 3 for use in determining reasonable potential from effluent data. 

“National Guidance for the Permitting, Monitoring, and Enforcement of Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations Set Below 

Analytical Detection/Quantitation Level” draft dated March 22, 1994, offers recommendations on how to interpret data below 

detection capabilities to make a reasonable potential analysis. 

All pollutants given in a wasteload allocation or an effluent limitation guideline will be limited in the permit. 

When effluent data consists of non-quantifiable/non-detectable values or when no effluent data is available, other factors and 

information are considered to determine reasonable potential. In situations where a pollutant is known to be present in the 

wastestream (due to production data or other information), we know it is being discharged and has the potential to impact 

even though it may not be quantifiable. The fact that it is present will be enough information to say reasonable potential exists 

for that pollutant. Therefore, a reasonable potential decision is based on various data and information, and not just nonquantifiable/non-detectable data. Consideration is given to existing data, dilution in the stream, type of receiving water, 

designated use, type of industry/wastestream, ambient data, history of compliance, and history of toxic impact. If any source 

of information indicates reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an exceedance of the water quality standard, a water 

quality limit will be developed. 

 Note: The result of the following calculations may indicate that reasonable potential does not 

exist. However, as stated above, other information may “override” this numerical determination to 

justify the need for a limit. 

1. The procedure for determining reasonable potential from actual effluent data is explained in Box 3-

2 on page 53 of the TSD. Multiplying factors are determined from Table 3-2 at a 95% confidence 

level and 95% probability in Section 3.3.2. The following describes the procedures used for 

determining reasonable potential for chemical-specific parameters and WET, under certain 

circumstances. More information on determining reasonable potential for WET is given in Item 2 

below. 
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Page 16 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Step 1: Data Analysis: The statistical calculations involved in the “Reasonable Potential”

analysis require discrete numerical data. The following describes how the effluent data will be 

used in determining reasonable potential. 

Actual analytical results should be used whenever possible. Results less than detection and 

quantification should be used as follows: 

a. If the permittee reports results below the practical quantitation limit (PQL) (as defined by

the permit), then the reported “less than PQL” value for a given sample is assumed to be 

zero. 

b. If the permittee uses a detection/quantification level that is greater than the PQL, then the 

reported “less than” value for a given sample is assumed to be a discrete value equal to the 

detection/quantification level used by the permittee. 

c. If the reported data consists of both discrete and non-discrete values and/or the data is 

reported using varying detection/quantification levels, then a combination of the above two 

approaches is used, or the data is evaluated in a manner that is most appropriate for that data 

set. 

Note: For information on the acceptable analytical methods and PQLs please refer to 

NPDES permit application attachment titled “Practical Quantitation Limits (PQL) and 

Approved Test Methods.” 

Step 2: Using data from the permit application, other data supplied by the applicant and/or Discharge

Monitoring Report (DMR) data, determine the total number of observations (n) for a particular 

set of effluent data and determine the highest value (Cmax) from that data set. For the monthly

average comparison, the data set will include monthly average results and n will be the number 

of months in which they sampled in the time period being evaluated. When there is also a daily

maximum comparison, the data set will include daily maximum results and n will be the total 

number of samples in the time period being evaluated. Individual results may not necessarily be

used in the calculation. 

Step 3: Determine the coefficient of variation (CV) for the data set. For a data set where 

n>10, the CV is calculated as standard deviation divided by mean for the data set being 

evaluated. For data set where n<10, the CV is estimated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 items of 

data, the uncertainty in the CV is too large to calculate a standard deviation or mean with 

sufficient confidence. 

CV = 0.6 for n < 10

μ

σ CV = for n > 10

where: σ = Standard Deviation of the samples 

 μ = Mean of the samples 

Step 4: Determine the appropriate multiplying factor (MF) from either Table 3-2 or using 

the formulae in Section 3.3.2 of the TSD. 
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Page 17 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

a. Determine the percentile represented by the highest concentration in the sample data. 

n pn Confidence Level 1/ = (1− )

where: pn = Percentile represented by the highest concentration in the data 

 n = number of samples 

 Confidence Level = 0.95 i.e. 95%

b. Determine the multiplying factor (MF), which is the relationship between the percentile 

described above (Cp) and the selected upper bound of the lognormal effluent distribution, 

which in this case will be the 95th percentile (C95). 

( 0.5 )

( 0.5 )

95

2

2 95

σ σ

σ σ

+

+

= = Z p

Z

p e

e

C

C MF

where: Z95 is the standardized Z-score for the 95th percentile of the standardized 

normal distribution = 1.645 

 Zp is the standardized Z-score for the pth percentile of the 

standardized normal distribution.(determined in (b) above) 

Note: The values of Z-scores are listed in tables for the normal distribution. If using 

Microsoft® Excel, this can be calculated using the NORMSINV function. 

 ln( 1) 2 2 σ = CV +

 ln( 1) 2 σ = CV +

Step 5: Multiply the highest value from the data set (Cmax) by the multiplying factor (MF) determined 

in Step 4 to obtain the maximum receiving water concentration (RWC). 

RWC = Cmax × MF

Step 6: RWC ≤ Derived monthly average limit (Cefflim) implies that a reasonable potential does not 

exist. 

RWC > Derived monthly average limit (Cefflim) implies that a reasonable potential exists. 

Note: If a CMC is available for a given parameter, the daily maximum value will be used in 

addition to the monthly average for a determination of reasonable potential. 

2. Reasonable potential for WET will be determined from numerical data using one of the following 

procedures: 

a. When the effluent data is given as LC50 and/or NOEC values: 

Step 1: Convert the given LC50 and NOEC values to toxic units, TUa for acute data and TUc for 

chronic data, respectively, using the following formulae: 
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Page 18 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

50

100

LC

TUa =

NOEC

TUc

100 =

Step 2: Using DMR data or other data provided by the applicant, determine the total number of 

observations (n) for a particular set of effluent data and determine the highest value (TUa, max

or TUc, max) from that data set. 

Step 3: Determine the coefficient of variation (CV) for the data set. For a data set where n>10, the 

CV is calculated as standard deviation divided by mean. For data set where n<10, the CV is 

estimated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 items of data, the uncertainty in the CV is too large 

to calculate a standard deviation or mean with sufficient confidence. 

Step 4: Determine the appropriate multiplying factor (MF) from either Table 3-2 or using 

the formulae in Section 3.3.2. (see iii.1, Step 4 above). 

Step 5: Multiply the highest value of TUa, max or TUc, max from the data set by the multiplying factor 

(MF) determined in Step 4 and the dilution at the edge of the mixing zone (the test 

concentration obtained from mixing zone modeling or demonstration) to obtain the 

maximum receiving water concentration (RWC) 

RWC for Acute Toxicity = [TUa, max * MF * conc. at MZ boundary]

RWC for Chronic Toxicity = [TUc, max * MF * conc. at MZ boundary] 

Step 6: RWC for Acute Toxicity ≤ 0.3TUa implies that a reasonable potential does not exist 

RWC for Acute Toxicity > 0.3TUa implies that a reasonable potential exists 

RWC for Chronic Toxicity ≤ 1.0TUc implies that a reasonable potential does not exist 

RWC for Chronic Toxicity >1.0TUc implies that a reasonable potential exists 

b. When pass/fail effluent data only is available and all tests have passed, the Department may

be able to determine reasonable potential in a manner similar to Item 1 above assuming the test 

concentration of interest is greater than or equal to the concentration at which the permittee has 

tested. If the permittee has not tested at or above the test concentration of interest, the 

Department cannot say that reasonable potential does not exist, unless perhaps, circumstances 

related to the discharge have changed. If any failures exist in the data set that cannot be 

removed, reasonable potential may be determined to exist. 

c. Where WET results are given as percent effect, the procedures in Item 1, Steps 1-6 above are 

followed. In the case of WET in these circumstances, Clim will be 25% for the monthly average 

and 40% for the maximum since these are the limitsfor WET testing as a percent effect preferred 

by the Department. 

e. Determine permit limits based on water quality data 

i. When the discharge is determined to cause or have the reasonable potential to cause a water quality

violation for a particular parameter, except WET, limits are needed. Limits are typically based on the 

monthly average values calculated from G.2.c above. However, daily maximum values may be evaluated 

under reasonable potential under certain circumstances. If reasonable potential exists for either average 

or maximum derived limits, limits on both are needed per Regulation 61-9.122.45(d). 
Rationale 

Page 19 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

 

1. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on a wasteload allocation for oxygen-demanding 

pollutants and nutrients and 

a. no CMC exists, the water quality limits are 

 monthly average = Cwla

daily maximum = 2 x Cwla 

b. a CMC exists (for ammonia), the water quality limits are 

 monthly average = Cwla 

 and the daily maximum is the most stringent of 

daily maximum = 2 x Cwla 

 or 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

2. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC, if the discharge 

causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation based on the 

monthly average and a CMC also exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are 

monthly average = Caqlife-ma using CCC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

3. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC and if the discharge 

does not cause, have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to a water quality violation for 

that monthly average, but a CMC also exists for the parameter and the discharge causes, has the 

reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation based on that daily maximum, 

the water quality limits are 

monthly average = Caqlife-ma using CCC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

4. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC or other acute or 

chronic data and no CMC exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are 

monthly average = Caqlife

daily maximum = 2 x Caqlife

5. If no CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on human health (organism, w/o, 

MCL) data, the water quality limits are 

monthly average = CHH

daily maximum = M x CHH using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b 

6. If a CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on human health (organism, w/o, 

MCL) data, the water quality limits will be 

monthly average = CHH 

and the daily maximum will be the most stringent of 
Rationale 

Page 20 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

daily maximum = M x CHH using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b 

or 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

7. If no CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality

limits are 

monthly average = Col

daily maximum = M x Col using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b 

8. If a CMC exists and the monthly average from G.2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality

limits will be 

monthly average = Col

and the daily maximum will be the most stringent of 

daily maximum = M x Col using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b 

or 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

9. If only a CMC exists, then the water quality limits will be no monthly average and 

daily maximum = Caqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 

ii. If the discharge is determined to cause or have the reasonable potential to cause a water quality

violation for WET, permit limitations will be explained in the rationale for that parameter. 

iii. If the discharge is determined to contribute to an existing water quality violation, monthly average 

and daily maximum limits will be set giving no credit for dilution of the receiving stream (end-of-pipe 

limits) based on the criteria in Item 1 above. 

f. Consider Effluent Limitations Guidelines (ELG or Categorical guidelines) 

The more stringent of the effluent limitations guidelines average and maximum derived limits and water 

quality-derived average and maximum limits determined in e above shall be used as permit limits, unless 

other information indicates more stringent limits are needed as indicated in the notes at the end of this section. 

Categorical limitations based on mass may first be converted to concentration using the long term average 

flow of the discharge for both the monthly average and daily maximum calculations, unless the applicable 

guidelines require use of an alternate flow. 

1. For Effluent guidelines based on production, limits will be calculated as follows: 

ELG lim = ∑(ELGprod)(ELG) where 

ELGlim: the mass limit, in lbs/day, for an applicable pollutant based on the production 

ELGprod: the production rate, in lbs, for the applicable guideline(s), usually based on long term average 

data 

 ELG: the effluent guideline limitation, given as a measure of production (e.g. lbs/1000 lbs), for an 

applicable pollutant 
Rationale 

Page 21 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

)

2. For Effluent guidelines based on flow, limits will be calculated as follows: 

ELG lim = ∑(ELGflow)(ELG)(8.34 where 

ELGlim :the mass limit, in lbs/day, for an applicable pollutant based on applicable flow 

ELGprod: the long term average flow rate, in MGD, for the applicable guideline(s) 

 ELG: the concentration limitation, in mg/l, for an applicable pollutant from the applicable 

guideline(s) 

a. For BOD and TSS limits based on OCPSF Effluent Guidelines with two or more applicable subparts

in subparts B-H , the limits will be calculated as follows: 

∑ ⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ = (ELG lim) total OCPSF production

subpart production ELG O where 

ELGo: the final OCPSF limitation, in lbs/day

ELGlim: the limitation, in lbs/day, determined from the calculation in item 2 above. 

H. Other considerations 

1. When the derived permit effluent limitation based on aquatic life numeric criteria is below the practical 

quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an accompanying 

statement in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical methods shall be 

considered as being in compliance with the limit. Appropriate biological monitoring requirements shall be 

incorporated into the permit to determine compliance with appropriate water quality standards. (R.61-

68.E.12.c(2)) 

2. When the derived permit effluent limitation based on human health numeric criteria is below the practical 

quantitation limit for a substance, the derived permit effluent limitation shall include an accompanying statement 

in the permit that the practical quantitation limit using approved analytical methods shall be considered as being in

compliance with the limit. (R.61-68.E.12.c(3)) 

Note 1: The effluent concentration limits determined above may not necessarily be the NPDES 

permit limit. NPDES Permit limits are determined after a reasonable potential analysis is 

conducted using these derived limits and also after evaluating other issues (e.g. antibacksliding). 

Note 2: Mass limitations may be required in certain circumstances. When mass limits are calculated 

the formula to be used is as follows. 

Mass (lb/day) = Flow (mgd) * Concentration (mg/l) * 8.34 

Note 3: Final Limitations will typically be rounded to two (2) significant figures (based on EPA’s 

policy with its national criteria) while considering the PQL for a given parameter. Rounding will 

be performed using the following procedure (as recommended by the DHEC lab): 

a. If the digit of interest is even and the number following it is a five (5), the digit of interest 

remains the same. 

b. If the digit of interest is odd and the number following it is a five (5), the digit of interest is 
Rationale 

Page 22 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

rounded up. 

c. If the digit of interest is even or odd and the number following it is between 0 and 4, the digit 

of interest remains the same. 

d. If the digit of interest is even or odd and the number following it is between 6 and 9, the digit 

of interest is rounded up. 
Rationale 

Page 23 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

III. PERMIT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS 

Kawashima Textile USA Inc. performs dyeing, printing, and finishing operations for synthetic textiles (woven and knit fabrics) 

for the automotive and furniture industries. Outfall 02A effluent will consist of sanitary wastewater (0.001 mgd) and 

recirculated non-contact cooling water (0.004 mgd). Outfall 02B effluent will consist of sanitary wastewater: 0.005 mgd and 

process wastewater which varies from 0.31 mgd at Tier I to 0.595 mgd at Tier III. These two internal outfalls will discharge to 

the outfall designated as Outfall 002. The effluent guidelines applicable to the dyeing and finishing of the woven fabrics are 40 

CFR Part 410 Subpart D-Woven Fabric Finishing (NSPS). Subpart E is applicable to the dyeing and finishing of the knit 

fabrics. 

Kawashima is considered to be a “recommencing discharger” as defined in Reg. 61-9.122.2(b). Therefore, the Wateree 

Textiles DMR data will not be used for this rationale. 

OUTFALL 02A: (Form 2E)

Flow

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily Maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 

Sample Type: Continuous 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of flow analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: Not reported 

Maximum Daily Value: 0.005 mgd 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Conclusion: The flow limits will remain monitor and report. 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 

Sampling Type: Continuous 

pH

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 6.0-9.0 standard units. 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate) 

Minimum: 6.0 standard units. 

Maximum: 9.0 standard units. 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.10. For Class Fresh 

Water this value is between 6.0 and 8.5 standard units. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Secondary treatment standards R.61-9.133.102: 6.0-9.0 standard units 

6. Other information: None 
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Page 24 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: Not applicable 

8. Conclusion: Based on secondary treatment, the pH limits are as follows: 

Minimum: 6.0 su 

Maximum: 9.0 su 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 86.3 lbs/day 

Daily maximum: 171 lbs/day 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 20 mg/l; 0.8 lbs/day 

Maximum Daily Value: 30 mg/l; 1.3 lbs/day 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality 

attainable by secondary treatment. Per Reg. 61-9.133.102(a), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum 

limit is established by doubling the monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The recirculated cooling water 

will be limited based on the guidance in SCG250000, the NPDES General Permit for Utility Water Discharges. This 

permit uses a daily maximum limit of 20 mg/l. The monthly average limited is established by halving the daily maximum 

limit. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below and added together for the effluent discharged at this outfall. 

 Sanitary WW: Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.250 

lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 

lbs/gal = 0.501 lbs/d 

 Utility WW: Monthly average = 10 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.334 

lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 20 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 

lbs/gal = 0.668 lbs/d 

 Total: Monthly average = 0.250 lbs/d + 0.334 lbs/d = 0.584 lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 0.501 lbs/d + 0.668 lbs/d = 1.169 

lbs/d 

5. Water quality data: No water quality data except wasteload allocation. 

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l 

7. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Monthly average: 0.58 lbs/d

8. Other information: None 

9. Conclusion: Based on secondary treatment and best professional judgment, the permit limits will be as follows

Monthly average: 0.58 lbs/day, MR mg/l 

Daily maximum: 1.2 lbs/day, MR mg/l 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sampling Type: 24 Hour Composite 
Rationale 

Page 25 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 381 lbs/day 

Daily maximum: 609 lbs/day 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 60 mg/l; 2.5 lbs/day 

Maximum Daily Value: 100 mg/l; 4 lbs/day 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Criterion: Not applicable to this parameter 

5. Other Information: There is not any process wastewater at outfall 02A.

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs): Not applicable to this parameter 

7. Conclusion: Since there is only sanitary and utility water discharged through outfall 02A there will not be any COD 

limits at this time. 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 69.5 mg/l 

Daily Maximum: 157 mg/l 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of TSS analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 20 mg/l; 0.8 lbs/day 

Maximum Daily Value: 30 mg/l; 1.3 lbs/day 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Effluent Limitation Guidelines: Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality 

attainable by secondary treatment. Per Reg. 61-9.133.102(B), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit 

is established by doubling the monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The recirculated cooling water will be 

limited based on the guidance in SCG250000, the NPDES General Permit for Utility Water Discharges. This permit uses a 

daily maximum limit of 40 mg/l. The monthly average limited is established by halving the daily maximum limit. The 

permit limits for this parameter are derived below and added together for the effluent discharged at this outfall. 

 Sanitary WW: Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.250 lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.501 lbs/d 

 

Utility WW: Monthly average = 20 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.668 lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 40 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.335 lbs/d 

 Total: Monthly average = 0.250 lbs/d + 0.668 lbs/d = 0.918 lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 0.501 lbs/d + 1.335 lbs/d = 1.836 lbs/d 

5. Water Quality Data: None. 

6. Other information: Not applicable. 
Rationale 

Page 26 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: 1000 μg/l 

8. Conclusion: Based on secondary treatment, the permit limits will be as follows

Monthly average: 0.92 lbs/day, MR mg/l 

Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day, MR mg/l 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

Fecal Coliform

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

 Monthly average: 200/100 ml 

 Daily maximum: 400/100 ml 

 Sample type: Grab 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of fecal analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 100/100 ml 

Maximum Daily Value: 400/100 ml 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based 

on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more than 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed 

400/100ml. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable (Flow sanitary and utility only) 

6. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only. 

7. Other information: None 

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D) 

9. Conclusion: Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only. 

OUTFALL 02B (Form 2D):

In correspondence dated August 23, 2002, the permittee specified Kawashima’s expected production through December 2007. 

This permit will expire in 2005 therefore only the production estimated through 2005 will be included in this permit. There 

will only be three (3) tiers in this permit; the midpoints for each of these tiers came from the 8/23/02 correspondence identified 

above. The midpoint is the sum of the knitting and woven dyeing and finishing designated in the correspondence (Appendix 

B). 

Production Level (lbs/day) Tier I 

(designated as T21) 

Tier II 

(designated as T22) 

Tier III 

(designated as T23)

Low Production Level 15600 20500 26050 

Midpoint Production Level 17600 23400 28700 
Rationale 

Page 27 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Upper Production Level 20499 26049 30499 

Knitting Dyeing & Finishing 

(Breakdown of Midpoint) 17000 22800 18700 

Woven Dyeing & Finishing 

(Breakdown of Midpoint) 600 600 10000 

Total Average Flow (mgd) 0.315 0.435 0.600 

Sanitary Flow (mgd) 0.005 0.005 0.005 

Flow

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily Maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 

Sample Type: Continuous 

2. NPDES Application (2D): (No. of flow analyses: Not reported) 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Conclusion: The flow limits will remain monitor and report for all tiers. 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 

Sampling Type: Continuous 

pH

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 6.0-9.0 standard units. 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate) 

Minimum: 7.0 standard units. 

Maximum: 9.0 standard units. 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.10. For Class Fresh 

Water this value is between 6.0 and 8.5 standard units. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Between 6.0 and 9.0 standard units. 

6. Other information: None. 

7. PQL: Not applicable 

8. Conclusion: Based on effluent guidelines, the pH limits are as follows: 

Minimum: 6.0 su 

Maximum: 9.0 su 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
Rationale 

Page 28 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 81 lbs/day (Tier I) 168 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 160 lbs/day (Tier I) 330 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l 

Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: 

 Process wastewater will be limited based on 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

(See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 1.7 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 3.3 lbs/1000 lbs product 

 Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 1.9 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 3.6 lbs/1000 lbs product 

 

Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality attainable by secondary treatment. Per 

Reg. 61-9.133.102(a), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the 

monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below: 

Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.25 lbs/day 

 Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 2.50 lbs/day 

5. Water quality data: No water quality data except the wasteload allocation. 

 

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l 

7. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Monthly average limits as follows: 

 Tier I: 34 lbs/d 

 Tier II: 46 lbs/d 

Tier III: 54 lbs/d 

8. Other information: Add the total process (from spreadsheet) and sanitary to get final limits for each of the three tiers. 

9. Conclusion: Monitor and report (MR) concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass 

limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows:

Monthly average: 34 lbs/day (Tier I); 46 lbs/day (Tier II); 54 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 66 lbs/day (Tier I); 86 lbs/day (Tier II); 103 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sampling Type: 24 Hour Composite 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 1110 lbs/day (Tier I); 2300 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 1730 lbs/day (Tier I); 3570 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 
Rationale 

Page 29 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 350 mg/l 

Maximum Daily Value: 600 mg/l 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Criterion: Not applicable to this parameter 

5. Other Information: None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs): 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

 (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 26.9 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 41.7 lbs/1000 lbs product 

 Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 31 lbs/1000 lbs product 

 Daily maximum: 48.1 lbs/1000 lbs product 

7. Other information: None 

8. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on 

effluent guidelines) are as follows:

Monthly average: 543 lbs/day (Tier I); 723 lbs/day (Tier II); 849 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 843 lbs/day (Tier I); 1122 lbs/day (Tier II); 1316 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 200 lbs/day (Tier I); 414 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily Maximum: 454 lbs/day (Tier I); 936 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of TSS analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l 

Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: NA 

5. Effluent Limitation Guidelines: 

 Process wastewater will be limited based on 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

(See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 3.9 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 8.8 lbs/1000 lbs product 

 Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 5.9 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 13.2 lbs/1000 lbs product 
Rationale 

Page 30 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality attainable by secondary treatment. Per 

Reg. 61-9.133.102(B), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the 

monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below. 

 Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.25 lbs/d 

 Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 2.50 lbs/d 

6. Water Quality Data: Not applicable to this parameter. 

 

7. Other information: Add the total process (from spreadsheet) and sanitary to get final limits for each of the four tiers. 

8. PQL: 1000 μg/l 

9. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on 

effluent guidelines) are as follows:

Monthly average: 104 lbs/day (Tier I); 138 lbs/day (Tier II); 150 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 232 lbs/day (Tier I); 309 lbs/day (Tier II); 337 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

Phenols

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 1.46 lbs/day (Tier I); 3 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 2.91 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Phenol data not reported) 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) 

since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data 

to the Department. There is not data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time. 

5. Other Information: None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

 (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 0.05 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs product 

7. PQL: 10 μg/l (EPA Method 625, 1625B or 8270C) 

8. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on 

effluent guidelines) are as follows: 

Monthly average: 0.88 lbs/day (Tier I); 1.2 lbs/day (Tier II); 1.4 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III)

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Sulfide (as H2S)
Rationale 

Page 31 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 2.91 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 5.82 lbs/day (Tier I); 12 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Sulfide data not reported) 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) 

since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data 

to the Department. There is no data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time. 

5. Other Information: None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

 (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 0.2 lbs/1000 lbs product 

7. PQL: 1000 μg/l (EPA Method 376.1) 

8. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on 

effluent guidelines) are as follows:

Monthly average: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 3.5 lbs/day (Tier I); 4.7 lbs/day (Tier II); 5.7 lbs/day (Tier III)

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Total Chromium

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): 

Monthly average: 1.46 lbs/day (Tier I); 3 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 2.61 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Chromium data not reported) 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) 

since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data 

to the Department. There is no data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time 

5. Other Information: None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS 

 (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) 

Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: 

Monthly average: 0.05 lbs/1000 lbs product 

Daily maximum: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs product 
Rationale 

Page 32 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: 5 μg/l (EPA Method 200.7, 200.8 or 200.9 or Standard Method 3113B) 

8. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on 

effluent guidelines) are as follows: 

Monthly average: 0.88 lbs/day (Tier I); 1.2 lbs/day (Tier II); 1.4 lbs/day (Tier III) 

Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III)

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

Fecal Coliform

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

 Monthly average: 200/100 ml 

 Daily maximum: 400/100 ml 

 Sample type: Grab 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of fecal analyses: Fecal Coliform data not reported) 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based 

on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more than 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed 

400/100ml. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable to this parameter 

6. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only. 

7. Other information: None 

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D) 

9. Conclusion: Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only. 

OUTFALL 002: BOD5 will only be limited at the internal outfalls, but is limited at this outfall through UOD limits.

Flow

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily Maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 

Sample Type: Continuous 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): Not reported in the application. 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Conclusion: The permittee shall monitor and report (MR) flow. 

Monthly average: MR mgd 

Daily Maximum: MR mgd 

Sampling Frequency: Daily 
Rationale 

Page 33 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Sample Type: Continuous 

pH

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Between 6.0 and 9.0 standard units. 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate) 

Minimum: 7.0 standard units. 

Maximum: 9.0 standard units. 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G. 10. For Class Fresh 

Water this value is between 6.0 and 8.5 standard units. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Limited on internal outfalls 02A and 02B. 

6. Other information: For cases where the dilution factor is 10 or greater, an increase of 0.5 units is allowed because the 

impact on the receiving stream is not expected to result in a violation for this parameter. For this discharge, the increase 

will have negligible impact on the receiving stream. 

7. PQL: Not applicable 

8. Conclusion: Since appropriate limits have been placed on the internal outfalls for pH that are also protective of 

the stream, no pH limits are needed at this outfall. 

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

2.0 mg/l minimum 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): Not reported on application 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for D.O. are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.9 & 10. For Class 

Fresh Water this value is a daily average of not less than 5.0 mg/l with a low of 4.0 mg/l. 

5. PQL: NA 

6. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): minimum of 2.0 mg/l based on water quality considerations. 

7. Other information: None

8. Conclusion: Based on water quality considerations, the limit for this parameter will be: 

Minimum of 2.0 mg/l 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Fecal Coliform
Rationale 

Page 34 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None on outfall 002. 

 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of fecal analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 100/100 ml 

Maximum Daily Value: 400/100 ml 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based 

on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more than 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed 

400/100ml. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable (Flow sanitary and utility only) 

6. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): 

Monthly average: 200/100 ml 

 Daily maximum: 400/100 ml 

7. Other information: None 

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D) 

9. Conclusion: Fecal coliform, per R.61-68.E.12(c)(9), will be limited to 

 Monthly average: 200/100 ml 

 Daily maximum: 400/100 ml 

 Sample type: Grab 

 Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

Total Residual Chlorine (TRC)

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 0.50 mg/l 

Daily maximum: 0.925 mg/l 

 Sample type: Grab 

 Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): NA 

3. DMR Data: NA 

4. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Monthly Average: 0.5 mg/l 

Daily maximum: 1.0 mg/l 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: NA 

6. Other information: The discharge flow has been reduced from 1.075 mgd to 0.6 mgd since Kawashima bought out the 

Wateree Textiles plant, therefore more dilution is available. An increase in the maximum limit from 0.925 mg/l to the 1.0 

mg/l would not have a measurable effect on the Wateree River (see Appendix E). 

7. PQL: 0.05 mg/l 

8. Conclusion: The TRC will be allowed the higher daily maximum limit due to the increase in dilution available. 

 Monthly average: 0.5 mg/l 

Daily Maximum: 1.0 mg/l 
Rationale 

Page 35 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

 Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): None 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (# of analyses: Estimate) 

Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l 

Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: See outfalls 02A and 02B, the permittee shall only monitor and report at this outfall. 

 

5. Water quality data: No water quality data except the wasteload allocation. 

 

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l 

7. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Wasteload only recommended limits for internal outfalls 02A and 02B. 

8. Other information: It is necessary to monitor and report BOD5 at outfall 002 to calculate UOD. 

9. Conclusion: Monitor and report (MR) concentration and mass values for monthly average and daily max. 

Sampling Frequency: 1/Week 

Sampling Type: 24 Hour Composite 

Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 513 lbs/d (Tier I); 803 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Daily maximum: 1030 lbs/d (Tier I); 1600 lbs/day (Tier II) 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24-hr. composite 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): Not reported on application. 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: NA

5. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): Based on previous wasteload analysis. 

Monthly Average: 803 lbs/d 

 Calculated as UOD = [BOD5 * (f-ratio)} + (NH3-N * 4.57)] * Flow * 8.34 

where UOD = Ultimate Oxygen Demand (lbs/d) 

BOD5 = Biochemical Oxygen Demand - five-day (mg/l) (BOD5 at outfall 002) 

f-ratio = 3 

NH3-N = Ammonia as nitrogen (mg/l) 

Flow = effluent flow (MGD) 

6. Other information: None 

7. Conclusion: The UOD limits are as follows:
Rationale 

Page 36 of 38 

Permit No. SC0023264

Monthly average = 803 lbs/d 

Daily maximum = 1600 lbs/d 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sampling type: Calculation 

Ammonia Nitrogen, Total as N

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: 4 mg/l 

Daily maximum: NA 

Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: Grab 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): NA 

3. DMR Data: NA 

4. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03) based on water quality considerations 

Monthly Average: 4.0 mg/l 

5. Water Quality Data for Protection of Human Health: None 

6. Water Quality Criteria based on Organoleptic Data: None 

7. PQL: 100 ug/l 

8. Other information: NA

9. Conclusion: The ammonia nitrogen limits are as follows (based on water quality considerations):

 Monthly average: 4.0 mg/l 

Daily maximum: 8.0 mg/l 

 Sampling frequency: 1/Week 

Sample type: 24-hr. composite 

Color

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 

Monthly average: NA 

Daily maximum: MR, color units 

 Sampling frequency: 1/Month 

Sample type: Grab 

 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (Color Estimate) 

Average Daily Value: 200 color units 

Maximum Daily Value: 350 color units 

3. DMR Data: Not applicable 

4. Water Quality Data: Narrative water quality criteria for color are established in “free-from” section of Reg. 61-68.E.5.c. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: NA 

6. Other information: NA 

 

7. PQL: 5.0 color units 
Rationale 

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Permit No. SC0023264

8. Conclusion: To determine whether the discharge has an impact on the receiving stream, the upstream and downstream 

color will be reported as well as the effluent. The difference between upstream and downstream will be reported and used 

to determine the need for future limitations. Upstream samples shall be representative of background conditions. 

 Upstream: MR 

Effluent Daily Maximum: MR 

 Downstream: MR 

Difference = Upstream – Downstream 

 Sampling frequency: 1/Month 

Sample type: Grab 

Total Phosphorus

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of analyses: 0) 

3. DMR Data: Past DMR data not available for this parameter. 

4. Water Quality Data: See Section II.G.1.c of this rationale. 

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: not applicable 

6. Waste Load Allocation dated (3/21/03): MR 

7. Other information: Wateree River eventually discharges to Lake Marion (which is on the 303 (d) List for phosphorus). 

Monitor and report limitations have been included in this permit to collect data over the life of the permit (2 years). 

8. PQL: 50 μg/l (EPA Method 365.1 - 365.4 or 300) 

9. Conclusion: Phosphorus will be limited will be as follows for mass and concentration 

Monthly average: MR 

 Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 

 Sampling Frequency: 1/Month

Total Mercury (Hg)

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None 

2. NPDES Application (2D/2E): (No. of analyses: 0) 

3. DMR Data: Past DMR data not available for this parameter. 

4. Water Quality Criterion: See R.61-68 Water Classifications & Standards Appendix 

 

5. Other Information: The Wateree River is on the 303d List for Mercury. 

6. Does the discharge cause, have the Reasonable Potential to Cause or Contribute: Yes, the Wateree River is on the 

2002 303d List for mercury. 

7. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) and professional judgment-based limits: None. 

8. PQL: 0.0005 ug/l (EPA method 1669/1631C) 
Rationale 

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Permit No. SC0023264

9. Conclusion: Since no data is available to determine whether this discharge contributes to the impairment, this permit 

will include monitor and report for mercury. 

 Sampling frequency: 1/Month 

Sample type: Grab 

Whole Effluent Toxicity:

1. The existing permit has a requirement to perform acute toxicity testing at an ATC of 100% using the pass/fail 

approach (for Wateree Textiles). Kawashima submitted in CORMIX – GI Version 4.1 GT for the existing submerged 

diffuser (Appendix C). The Department reran the CORMIX with Version 4.2 (Appendix D)and the following resulted: 

2. Boundaries of the Zone of Initial Dilution: 

Acute Width = 1/10*(w) = 1/10*(72.2 m) = 7.22 

Acute Length = 1/3*(w) = 1/3*(72.2 m) = 24.07 m 

 The instream waste concentration at this boundary is the Acute Test Concentration. 

 ATC @ x = 24.07 is 1.6% 

Boundaries of the Mixing Zone:

Chronic Width = 1/3*(w) = 1/3*(72.2 m) = 24.07 m 

Chronic Length = 2*(w) = 2*(72.2) = 144.4 m 

 

The instream waste concentration at this boundary is the Chronic Test Concentration. 

 CTC @ 2*BH = 24.07 is 0.87% 

 CTC @ x = 144.4 is 1.3% 

The most stringent of the above concentrations is the acute concentration of 1.6%, however this will be used as a chronic 

concentration (which covers both the acute at 1.6% and the chronic at 1.3%). 

3. From the information described above, using the procedures in Regulation 61-9.122.44(d)(1)(ii), the Department 

cannot determine whether this discharge may cause, may have the reasonable potential to cause or may contribute to an 

excursion of the narrative water quality standard of “no toxics in toxic amounts” from Regulation 61-68. Therefore, 

monitoring for whole effluent toxicity is being required to collect data on which to base a decision. Part V of the permit 

includes a reopener that allows the Department to reopen the permit to include an effluent limit if the testing establishes 

that reasonable potential exists for toxicity. 

New methods for WET testing were published by EPA in the Federal Register on November 19, 2002 as “Guidelines 

Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants; Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods: Final Rule, 67 FR 

69952.” The methods are referenced in the permit. 

The Department has added language to the Bureau of Water document entitled “Options for Data Analysis of Whole 

Effluent Toxicity Testing Required by NPDES Permits,” September 2001 referenced in the permit which accounts for 

test variability, an issue that has been raised by numerous permittees. The EPA documents “Understanding and 

Accounting for Method Variability in Whole Effluent Toxicity Applications Under the National Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System Program,” June 2000 and “Method Guidance and Recommendations for Whole Effluent Toxicity 

(WET) Testing (40 CFR Part 136),” July 2000 list some of the ways in which variability may be addressed. The 

pass/fail test previously used has been replaced with a multi-dilution requirement, as recommended by EPA, which 

allows the permittee the ability to collect more information relative to the point where toxicity actually occurs and 

average test results for compliance where more than one test is conducted during a monitoring period. 

The permittee must Monitor and Report (MR) monthly Chronic Multiconcentration Tests using the CTC of 1.6% and 

the following test concentrations: 0% (control), 1%, 1.6%, 5%, 11% and 25% effluent. 
Rationale 

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Permit No. SC0023264