FORM 1 - SOTICE OF-% Pt'BLIC HEARISG OR CO~IllFJST PERIOD US -4 PROPOSED RrLE 

(Page 1) 

AGESCY Air Quality 

RULE WPE Legislative AbfESDMEST TO EXISTISG RULE Yes TITLE-SERIES 45-14 

RULE SAME Permits for Consruction and Major lfodification of Major Stationan- sources for the 

Prevention of Significant Deterioration of .Air Quality 

AU~ORI~ I\-\- coat gr2-w 

COl#IESTS LIMITED TO 

Oral And Written 

DATE OF PUBLIC HEARISG 

51oaday: Sub- 07,2014 6:00 Pa1 

\Test 1-irgiiia Department of Environmental Protection Do&- Sods Conference Room (Room 1125) 601 57th Street, SE 

Charleston, Ilkst 1-irginia 25304 

DATE 1'tRTTTES COM5EST PERIOD ESDS Monday, Jub O?, 2014 7:00 PSI !lXITIZS CO.MMESTS .MAY BE MAILED TO Public Inform tion Office 

-7' Depament of Environmental Protectidn 

Dab- Sods Conference Room (Ftoorn 1125) 

601 57th Street, SE 

Charleston, West Virginia 25304 

Legislative Rule-Ma king 

Review Committee 

BY CHQOSISG 'ITS, I ATTEST THAT THE PREVIOUS STATEMESTS ARE ITRUE ASD CORRECT. 

Yes 

Kristin -4 Boggrs-- B?- my signature, I red>- that X am the person authorized to fie legislath-e rules, in accordance with \Vest Virginia Code 429.4-3-11- and 839.4-3-2. 

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Title-5eriee: 45-14 

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Rule Id: 5479 Document : 25839 
FOR11 1 

 SOTICE OF A PlBLIC HEARISG OR COAISIEST PERIOD OX 

4 PROPOSED RKLE 

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AGESCY Air Quality RULE WPE Legishive ANZESDMEST TO EXISTIXG RULE Yes TITLE-SERIES 45-14 RULE SAME Permits for Consruction and Major lIodifiearion of Major Stationav- sau-es for the 

Prevention of Significant ~eterioratidn oi.4i.r Quality 

CITE. A~ORI~ \\T Code 321-5-4 

PROVIDE A BRIEF SUlDS.ARY OF YOUR PROPOSAL 

This rule establishes a state construction permit program consistent with the federal Clean Air Act's Title I program and implementing regulations at 40 CFR 951.166, "Prerention of Significant Dete&ration of 

.Air Quality." JSCSRIJ is pan of the State Implementation Plan and sets forth the criteria and pmedures 

for major siationar?. sources to obtain a permit to coastruct, operate andim modify a major stahnaq source. 

BY CHOOSISG 'IZS, f ATTEST THAT THE PREVIOUS STATEhEXTS ARE TRUE AXD CORRECT 

Yes 

Kristin -4 Boggs - By my signature, I certify that I am the person authorized to file legblah-e rules, in 

accordance with West 1-irginia Code 329A-2-11 and g39-43-2. 

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Title-Series: 45-14 

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Rule Id: 9179 

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Document: 25839 
FORM 11 -- FISCAL SOTE FOR PROPOSED RCLES (Page 1) 

AGESCY Air Quality 

RULE ?YPE Le&la*e AMESDSST TO ESISTISG RULE Yes TITLE-SERIES 45-14 

RULE SAME Permits for Consmction and Major Modification of Major Statiana~ sources for the 

Pre~ention of Significant Deterioration of -4k Qualip 

CITE. nUT'ORIp \\T Code g22-5-4 

SUSWRIZE IS A CLEAR ASD COSCISE ?M?;SER \INAT IJ'ZPACT THIS .MEASURE KILL HAVE CIS 

COSTS AXD REYESUES OF STATE GOI'ERS-MEST. 

So impact abare that resuhing from currmntb applicable fcdwrl emission standards. 

Kriitin -4 Boggs - By my signature, I certify that I am the person authorized to fie legislah-c mks, in accordaate with \Vest 1-iia Code 429.43-11 and S39-4-3-2. 

Title-Series: 45-14 Rule Id: 9479 Document: 25839 
AGESCY Air Qualit?. 

RULE TYPE Legislath-e AMESDLEST TO ESISTISG RULE Yes lTTLE-SERIES 45-14 

RULE SAW Permits for Consruetian and Major Modification of lfajor Statioaaq- sources for the 

Provention of Significant Deterioration of .air Quality 

Ff SCAL SOT'E DETAIL -- SHOW OVER-ALL EFFECT IS ITEM 1 ASD 2 ASD, IS TfEM 3, GIVE AS EXPLASATIOS OF BREAKDOITS BY FISCAL ISCLUDfXG LOSG-RASGE EFFECT. 

Effect Of Proposal Current IncreaseiDecrease Sext IncreaserDecrease Fiscal Sear 

(use ' - ') (use ' - ') Full Implemcntatian) 

ESlIlLATED 

TOTAL COST 

CIXRJCST EXPESSES 

ASSETS 

Kristin -4 Boggs - B:- my signature, I certify that I am the person authorized to file 1egHlah-e rules, in 

accordance with \Test Viia Code 529-4-3-11 and 939-4-3-2. 

Title-Series: 45-14 Rule Id: 9179 Document : 25839 
FORM 11 -- FTSC.4L SOTE FOR PROPOSED RIL

LES (Page 3) 

AGESCY Air Qusliv 

RULE TYPE Legislative AMESDMEST TO EXISTISG RULE Yes TITLE-SERIES 45-14 RULE SA-ME Permits for Consructioa and Major IIodification of Major Stationary sources for the 

Pre~ention of Significant Deterioration of ,air Quality 

CIE AmORIm \\r\-Code 522-5-4 

3. ESPLASATIOS OF ABOVE ESTILUTES (ISCLUDISG LOSG-RASGE EFFECT). PLEASE IXCLUDE 

ASY ISCREASE OR DECREASE IS FEES IS YOUR ESTI,MATED TOTAL REVESUES. 

Costs anticipated to be incurred by revisho to this rule are included in prior cost estimates prepared for 

state implementation of Titte 1' of the Clean Air Act, as amended, under 45CSILtO. Full Titk V pmgram 

approval was hued by the K.S. Environmental Prateclion -4gtncy on So\.ember 19,2001. 

Kristin -4 Boggs -- 8:- my signature, I certif!. that I am the pemn authorized to file legislative rules, in 

accardarrte with Ilkst t-bghia Code 329A-3-1 and $39-4-3-2. 

Title-Series: 45-14 Rule Id: 9479 Document: 25839 
FORM 11 

 FISCAL SOTE FOR PROPOSED RZ

LES (Page 4) 

AGESCY Air Qualit?. 

RULE TYPE Legislative AbMESDAMEST TO ESISTISG RULE Yes TITLE-SERIES 35-14 RULE SAME Permits far Cansrucrion and Major JIodificatioa. of Major Stationap sources for the 

Prerention of Significant Deterioration of .Air Quality 

CITE AmORITy \\l'Codc 822 -5-4 PLEASE IDESTIFY ASY AREAS OF I'AGUESESS, TECWSICAL DEFECTS, REASOSS JXE PROPOSED RULE IVOULD SOT HAVE A FISCAL IlPACT. ASD OR ASY SPECIAL ISSUES SOT CAPTURED ELSENHERE OS THIS FORM 

BY CHOOSISG 'YES', I ATEST THAT THE PREVIOUS STATEMESIS ARE TRUE ASD CORRECT. 

Kristin X Boggs - By my signature, I certify that I am the person authorized to file 1egklah-e rules, in accordance with \Vest Yiiia Code 329-4-3-11 and 939-A3-2. 

Title-Series: 45-14 Rule Id: 9479 Document : 25839 
AGESCY -4irQuality 

RULE rYPE Legislative AMESDMEST TO ESZSTIXG RULE yes TITLE-SERIES 45-14 RULE SAME Permits for Consructiaa and Major Slodification of Majar Statioanry sources for the 

E'reveation of Sinificant Deterioration of Air Quality 

CITE A~ORI~ 1m coat gtza-4 

SUhZMARIZE IS A CLEAR ASD COSCISE IllliZSSER COSTESTS OF CHASGES IS RULE ASD 

STATEMEST OF CIRCUMSTASCES REQUIRISG THE RULE. 

As required by 48 CFR Part 51, Subpart I - "Review of New Sources and t.lodifications, " 

this rule adopts criteria and procedures for the prevention of significant deterioration 

of air quality that are consistent with the governing federal regulation at 40 CFR 

951.166. Promulgation of this rule by the Legislature is necessary for the State to 

fulfill its responsibilities unde~ 40 CFR Part 51 and the CAA, as amended. Revisions to 

the rule comport with current federal counterpart PSD pravisions regarding significant 

impact levels and significant monitoring concentration levels for fine particulate 

matter. the DAQ will submit final rule 45CSR14 as a revision to the State Implementation 

Plan. 

BY CHOOSISG 'YES, I ATTEST THAT THE PREVIOUS STATEMESTS ARE TRUE ASD CORRECT. 

Yes 

Kristin .A Boggs -- B?- m3- signature, I certify that I am the penon authorized to file legidatire rules, in 

accordance with \Vest Yiia Code 829-A-3-11 and 539.4-3-2. 

Title-Series: 45-14 Rule Id: 5879 Document : 25839 
45CSR14

TITLE 45

LEGISLATIVE RULE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AIR QUALITY

SERIES 14

PERMITS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAJOR MODIFICATION OF

MAJOR STATIONARY SOURCES FOR THE 

PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION OF AIR QUALITY

§45-14-1. General.

1.1. Scope. -- This rule establishes and adopts a preconstruction permit program in accordance with the

policy of §101(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the purposes of §160 of the CAA, and the prevention of

significant deterioration of air quality requirements of 40 CFR §51.166. Preconstruction permits issued

pursuant to this rule shall contain emission limitations and such other measures as may be necessary for the

prevention significant deterioration of air quality. This rule provides:

1.1.a. A mechanism to ensure that economic growth will occur in harmony with the preservation of

existing clean air resources; to prevent the development of any new non-attainment problems; to protect the

public health and welfare from any adverse effects which might occur even at air quality levels better than

the National Ambient Air Quality Standards; and to preserve, protect, and enhance the air quality in areas of

special natural, recreational, scenic, or historic value. It is the intent of the Secretary to register and evaluate

sources of air pollutants and to preclude the construction or relocation of any major stationary source or major

modification in any area classified as attaining National Ambient Air Quality Standards or unclassifiable in

which the establishment of such source or modification may interfere with the goals of the prevention of

significant deterioration of air quality levels; and

1.1.b. A method to quantitatively define significant deterioration of air quality with respect to the

desired degree of preservation of air quality for various areas and to set forth procedures for registration and

reporting, and the criteria for obtaining a permit to construct or relocate a major stationary source or make

a major modification to a stationary source within a designated attainment or unclassified area of the State

of West Virginia. Such construction, modification, or relocation without such a permit is a violation of this

rule.

1.2. Authority. -- W. Va. Code §22-5-4.

1.3. Filing Date. -- April 3, 2014.

1.4. Effective Date. -- June 1, 2014.

1.5. Federal Regulation. -- Unless otherwise indicated, where reference to a federal regulation or

standard appears in this rule, such regulation or standard will, for the purpose of this rule, be construed as that

version which was in effect as of June 1, 2013 June 1, 2014.

1.6. Former Rules. -- This legislative rule amends 45CSR14 - “Permits for Construction and Major

Modification of Major Stationary Sources for the Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality”

1
45CSR14

which was filed on May 1, 2013 April 3, 2014 and became effective on June 1, 2013 June 1, 2014.

§45-14-2. Definitions.

2.1. “Actual emissions” means the actual rate of emissions of a pollutant from an emissions unit, as

described below, except that this definition shall not apply for calculating whether a significant emissions

increase has occurred, or for establishing a PAL under section 25. Instead, subsections 2.63 and 2.8 shall

apply for those purposes.

2.1.a. In general, actual emissions as of a particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per year,

at which the unit actually emitted the pollutant during a consecutive 24-month period which precedes the

particular date and which is representative of normal source operation. The Secretary may allow the use of

a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation. Actual

emissions shall be calculated using the unit’s actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials

processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period.

2.1.b. The Secretary may presume that source-specific allowable emissions for the unit are equivalent

to the actual emissions of the unit.

2.1.c. For any emissions unit which has not begun normal operations on the particular date, actual

emissions shall equal the potential to emit of the unit on that date.

2.1.d. For an electric utility steam generating unit (other than a new unit or the replacement of an

existing unit) actual emissions of the unit following the physical or operational change shall equal the

representative actual annual emissions of the unit following the physical or operational change, provided the

source owner or operator maintains and submits to the Director, on an annual basis for a period of five (5)

years from the date the unit resumes regular operation, information demonstrating that the physical or

operational change did not result in an emissions increase. A longer period, not to exceed ten (10) years, may

be required by the Director if the Director determines such a period to be more representative of normal

source operations following the physical or operational change.

2.2. “Actuals PAL” for a major stationary source means a PAL based on the baseline actual emissions

(as defined in subsection 2.8) of all emissions units (as defined in subsection 2.27) at the source, that emit

or have the potential to emit the PAL pollutant.

2.3. “Administrator” means the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

2.4. “Adverse impact on visibility” means visibility impairment which interferes with the management,

protection, preservation or enjoyment of the visitor's visual experience of the Federal Class I area. This

determination must be made on a case-by-case basis taking into account the geographic extent, intensity,

duration, frequency and time of visibility impairment, and how these factors correlate with (1) times of visitor

use of the Federal Class I area, and (2) the frequency and timing of natural conditions that reduce visibility.

2.5. “Air pollutants” means solids, liquids, or gases which, if discharged into the air, may result in

statutory air pollution.

2.6. “Air pollution” or “statutory air pollution” means and is limited to the discharge into the air by the

act of man substances (liquid, solid, gaseous, organic or inorganic) in a locality, manner and amount as to be

injurious to human health or welfare, animal or plant life, or property, or which would interfere with the

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45CSR14

enjoyment of life or property.

2.7. “Allowable emissions” means the emission rate of a stationary source calculated using the

maximum rated capacity of the source (unless the source is subject to federally enforceable limits or limits

enforceable by the Secretary which restrict the operating rate, or hours of operation, or both) and the most

stringent of the following:

2.7.a. The applicable standards as set forth in 40 CFR Parts 60 and 61;

2.7.b. The applicable State of West Virginia emissions limitations or permit conditions, including those

with a future compliance date; or

2.7.c. The applicable federally enforceable emissions limitations or permit conditions, including those

with a future compliance date.

2.8. “Baseline actual emissions” means the rate of emissions, in tons per year, of a regulated NSR

pollutant, as determined in accordance with subdivisions 2.8.a through 2.8.d.

2.8.a. For any existing electric utility steam generating unit, baseline actual emissions means the

average emission rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the pollutant during any consecutive

24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 5-year period immediately preceding when the

owner or operator begins actual construction of the project. The Secretary shall allow the use of a different

time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation.

2.8.a.1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions

associated with startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

2.8.a.2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any noncompliant emissions that

occurred while the source was operating above any emission limitation that was legally enforceable during

the consecutive 24-month period.

2.8.a.3. For a regulated NSR pollutant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one

consecutive 24-month period must be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for the emissions units

being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period can be used for each regulated NSR pollutant.

2.8.a.4. The average rate shall not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there

is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, and for adjusting this amount

if required by paragraph 2.8.a.2.

2.8.b. For an existing emissions unit (other than an electric utility steam generating unit), baseline

actual emissions means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the emissions unit actually emitted the

pollutant during any consecutive 24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 10-year period

immediately preceding either the date the owner or operator begins actual construction of the project, or the

date a complete permit application is received by the Secretary for a permit required under this rule,

whichever is earlier, except that the 10-year period shall not include any period earlier than November 15,

1990.

2.8.b.1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions

associated with startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

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45CSR14

2.8.b.2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any noncompliant emissions that

occurred while the source was operating above an emission limitation that was legally enforceable during the

consecutive 24-month period.

2.8.b.3. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions that would have

exceeded an emission limitation with which the major stationary source must currently comply, had such

major stationary source been required to comply with such limitations during the consecutive 24-month

period. However, if an emission limitation is part of a maximum achievable control technology standard that

the Administrator proposed or promulgated under 40 CFR Part 63, the baseline actual emissions need only

be adjusted if the State has taken credit for such emissions reductions in an attainment demonstration or

maintenance plan consistent with the requirements of 45CSR19-8.6.

2.8.b.4. For a regulated NSR pollutant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one

consecutive 24-month period must be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for all the emissions

units being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period can be used for each regulated NSR pollutant.

2.8.b.5. The average rate shall not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there

is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, and for adjusting this amount

if required by paragraphs 2.8.b.2 and 2.8.b.3.

2.8.c. For a new emissions unit, the baseline actual emissions for purposes of determining the

emissions increase that will result from the initial construction and operation of such unit shall equal zero;

and thereafter, for all other purposes, shall equal the unit’s potential to emit.

2.8.d. For a PAL for a stationary source, the baseline actual emissions shall be calculated for existing

electric utility steam generating units in accordance with the procedures contained in subdivision 2.8.a, for

other existing emissions units in accordance with the procedures contained in subdivision 2.8.b, and for a new

emissions unit in accordance with the procedures contained in subdivision 2.8.c.

2.9. Baseline Area.

2.9.a. “Baseline area” means any intrastate area (and every part thereof) designated as attainment or

unclassifiable under §107(d)(1)(A)(ii) or (iii) of the CAA in which the major source or major modification

establishing the minor source baseline date would construct or would have an air quality impact for the

pollutant for which the baseline date is established, equal to or greater than the following:

Pollutant Air Quality Impact (annual average)

SO2 1 μg/m3

NO2 1 μg/m3

PM10 1 μg/m3

PM2.5 0.3 μg/m3

2.9.b. Area redesignations under §107(d)(1)(A)(ii) or (iii) of the CAA cannot intersect or be smaller

than the area of impact of any major stationary source or major modification which:

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45CSR14

2.9.b.1. Establishes a minor source baseline date; or

2.9.b.2. Is subject to 40 CFR §52.21 or this rule, and would be constructed in the same state as

the state proposing the redesignation.

2.9.c. Any baseline area established originally for the TSP increments shall remain in effect and shall

apply for purposes of determining the amount of available PM10 increments, except that such baseline area

shall not remain in effect if the Secretary rescinds the corresponding minor source baseline date in accordance

with subdivision 2.42.d.

2.10. “Baseline concentration” means that ambient concentration level which exists in the baseline area

at the time of the applicable minor source baseline date. A baseline concentration is determined for each

pollutant for which a minor source baseline date is established and includes:

2.10.a. The allowable emissions of major stationary sources which commenced construction before

the major source baseline date, but were not in operation by the applicable minor source baseline date.

2.10.b. The actual emissions representative of sources in existence on the applicable minor source

baseline date. However, the following will not be included in the baseline concentration and will affect the

applicable maximum allowable increase(s):

2.10.b.1. actual emissions from any major stationary source on which construction commenced

after the major source baseline date; and

2.10.b.2. actual emissions increases and decreases at any stationary source occurring after the minor

source baseline date.

2.11. “Begin actual construction” means, in general, initiation of physical on-site construction activities

on an emissions unit which are of a permanent nature. Such activities include, but are not limited to,

installation of building supports and foundations, laying of underground pipework, and construction of

permanent storage structures. With respect to a change in method of operation, this term refers to those onsite activities, other than preparatory activities, which mark the initiation of the change.

2.12. “Best available control technology (BACT)” means an emissions limitation (including a visible

emissions standard) based on the maximum degree of reduction for each regulated NSR pollutant which

would be emitted from any proposed major stationary source or major modification which the Secretary, on

a case-by-case basis, taking into account energy, environmental and economic impacts and other costs,

determines is achievable for such source or modification through application of production processes or

available methods, systems, and techniques, including fuel cleaning or treatment or innovative fuel

combustion techniques for control of such pollutant. In no event shall application of best available control

technology result in emissions of any pollutant which would exceed the emissions allowed by any federally

enforceable emissions limitations or emissions limitations enforceable by the Secretary. If the Secretary

determines that technological or economic limitations on the application of measurement methodology to a

particular emissions unit would make the imposition of an emissions standard infeasible, a design, equipment

work practice, operational standard or combination thereof, may be prescribed instead to satisfy the

requirement for the application of best available control technology. Such standard shall, to the degree

possible, set forth the emissions reduction achievable by implementation of such design, equipment, work

practice or operation, and shall provide for compliance by means which achieve equivalent results.

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45CSR14

2.13. “Building, Structure, Facility, or Installation” means all of the pollutant-emitting activities which

belong to the same industrial grouping, are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, and are

under the control of the same person (or persons under common control). Pollutant-emitting activities are

a part of the same industrial grouping if they belong to the same “Major Group” (i.e., which have the same

two (2)-digit code) as described in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 (United States

Government Printing Office stock number GPO 1987 0-185-718:QL 3).

2.14. “CAA” means the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq., as amended by Pub. L. No. 101-549

(November 15, 1990).

2.15. “Clean Coal Technology” means any technology, including technologies applied at the

precombustion, combustion, or post combustion stage, at a new or existing facility which will achieve

significant reductions in air emissions of sulfur dioxide or oxides of nitrogen associated with the utilization

of coal in the generation of electricity, or process steam which was not in widespread use as of November 15,

1990.

2.16. “Clean coal technology demonstration project” means a project using funds appropriated under the

heading “Department of Energy -- Clean Coal Technology”, up to a total amount of $2,500,000,000 for

commercial demonstration of clean coal technology, or similar projects funded through appropriations for

USEPA. The Federal contribution for a qualifying project shall be at least twenty (20) percent of the total

cost of the demonstration project.

2.17. [Reserved].

2.18. “Commence” as applied to construction of a major stationary source or major modification means

that the owner or operator has all necessary preconstruction approvals or permits and either has:

2.18.a. begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program of actual on-site construction of the source,

to be completed within a reasonable time; or

2.18.b. entered into binding agreements or contractual obligations, which cannot be canceled or

modified without substantial loss to the owner or operator, to undertake a program of actual construction of

the source to be completed within a reasonable time.

2.19. “Complete” means, in reference to an application for a permit, that the application contains all of

the information necessary for processing the application. Designating an application complete for purposes

of permit processing does not preclude the Secretary from requesting or accepting any additional information.

2.20. “Construction” means any physical change or change in the method of operation (including

fabrication, erection, installation, demolition, or modification of an emissions unit) which would result in a

change in actual emissions.

2.21. “Continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS)” means all of the equipment that may be

required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements, to sample, condition (if applicable),

analyze, and provide a record of emissions on a continuous basis.

2.22. “Continuous emissions rate monitoring system (CERMS)” means the total equipment required for

the determination and recording of the pollutant mass emissions rate (in terms of mass per unit of time).

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45CSR14

2.23. “Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS)” means all of the equipment necessary to meet

the data acquisition and availability requirements, to monitor process and control device operational

parameters (for example, control device secondary voltages and electric currents) and other information (for

example, gas flow rate, O2 or CO2 concentrations), and to record average operational parameter value(s) on

a continuous basis.

2.24. “Department of Environmental Protection” or “DEP” means the Department of Environmental

Protection as defined in W. Va. Code §22-1-4.

2.25. “Electric utility steam generating unit” means any steam electric generating unit that is constructed

for the purpose of supplying more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than

twenty-five (25) MW electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale. Any steam supplied

to a steam distribution system for the purpose of providing steam to a steam-electric generator that would

produce electrical energy for sale is also considered in determining the electrical energy output capacity of

the affected facility.

2.26. “Emission” means the release, escape or discharge of air pollutants into the air.

2.27. “Emissions unit” means any part of a stationary source that emits or would have the potential to

emit any regulated NSR pollutant and includes an electric utility steam generating unit as defined in

subsection 2.25. For purposes of this rule, there are two types of emissions units as described in subdivisions

2.27.a and 2.27.b.

2.27.a. A new emissions unit is any emissions unit that is (or will be) newly constructed and that has

existed for less than 2 years from the date such emissions unit first operated.

2.27.b. An existing emissions unit is any emissions unit that does not meet the requirements in

subdivision 2.27.a. A replacement unit, as defined in subsection 2.68, is an existing emissions unit.

2.28. “Federal Land Manager” means, with respect to any lands in the United States, the Secretary of the

department with authority over such lands.

2.29. “Federally enforceable” means all limitations and conditions which are enforceable by the

Administrator including those requirements developed pursuant to 40 CFR Parts 60, 61 and 63, rules of the

approved West Virginia State Implementation Plan, any permit requirements established pursuant to 40 CFR

§52.21 or this rule, and any operating permits issued under a program that is incorporated into the State

Implementation Plan and expressly requires adherence to any permit issued under such program.

2.30. [Reserved.]

2.31. “Fugitive emissions” means those emissions which could not reasonably pass through a stack,

chimney, vent or other functionally equivalent opening.

2.32. [Reserved.]

2.33. [Reserved.]

2.34. [Reserved.]

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45CSR14

2.35. [Reserved.]

2.36. “Innovative control technology” means any system of air pollution control that has not been

adequately demonstrated in practice, but would have a substantial likelihood of achieving greater continuous

emissions reduction than any control system in current practice or of achieving at least comparable reductions

at lower cost in terms of energy, economics, or non-air quality environmental impacts.

2.37. “Lowest achievable emission rate (LAER)” means, for any source, the more stringent of the

following:

2.37.a. The most stringent emissions limitation which is contained in the implementation plan of any

State for such class or category of stationary source, unless the owner or operator of the proposed stationary

source demonstrates that such limitations are not achievable; or 

2.37.b. The most stringent emissions limitation which is achieved in practice by such class or

category of stationary sources. This limitation, when applied to a modification, means the lowest achievable

emission rate for the new or modified emissions units within the stationary source. In no event shall the

application of the term permit a new or proposed new or modified stationary source to emit any pollutant in

excess of the amount allowable under an applicable new source standard of performance.

2.38. [Reserved.] 

2.39. Major emissions unit means:

2.39.a. Any emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit 100 tons per year or more of the

PAL pollutant in an attainment area; or

2.39.b. Any emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit the PAL pollutant in an amount that

is equal to or greater than the major source threshold for the PAL pollutant as defined by the CAA for

nonattainment areas. For example, in accordance with the definition of major stationary source in §182(c)

of the CAA, an emissions unit would be a major emissions unit for VOC if the unit is located in a serious

ozone non attainment area and it emits or has the potential to emit 50 or more tons of VOC per year.

2.40. “Major modification” means any physical change in or change in the method of operation of a

major stationary source which results in: a significant emissions increase (as defined in subsection 2.75) of

any regulated NSR pollutant (as defined in subsection 2.66); and a significant net emissions increase of that

pollutant from the major stationary source. Any significant emissions increase (as defined at subsection 2.75)

from any emissions units or net emissions increase (as defined in subsection 2.46) at a major stationary source

that is significant for volatile organic compounds or NOX shall be considered significant for ozone. However,

the following actions do not constitute a physical change or change in the method of operation:

2.40.a. Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement.

2.40.b. Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by reason of any order under sections 2(a) and (b)

of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (or any superseding legislation) or by

reason of a natural gas curtailment plan pursuant to the Federal Power Act.

2.40.c. Use of an alternative fuel by reason of an order or rule under §125 of the CAA.

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2.40.d. Use of fuel generated from municipal solid waste as an alternative fuel at a steam generating

unit.

2.40.e. Use of an alternative fuel or raw material by a stationary source, provided that: 

2.40.e.1. Prior to January 6, 1975, the source was capable of accommodating such alternative fuel

or raw material, unless such change would be prohibited under any federally enforceable permit condition

which was established after January 6, 1975 pursuant to 40 CFR §52.21 or under any permit issued or order

entered pursuant to any rule of the Secretary after January 6, 1975;

2.40.e.2. The source is approved to use the alternative fuel or raw material under any permit issued

under 40 CFR §52.21 or under any permit issued or order entered pursuant to any rule of the Secretary.

2.40.f. An increase in the hours of operation unless such increase would be prohibited by a Federal

permit issued pursuant to 40 CFR §52.21 or by any permit issued or order entered pursuant to any rule of the

Secretary.

2.40.g. An increase in the production rate unless such increase would be prohibited by a Federal

permit issued pursuant to 40 CFR §52.21 or by any permit issued or order entered pursuant to any rule of the

Secretary.

2.40.h. Any change in ownership at a stationary source.

2.40.i. [Reserved.]

2.40.j. The installation, operation, cessation, or removal of a temporary clean coal technology

demonstration project, provided that the project complies with:

2.40.j.1. The State Implementation Plan; and

2.40.j.2. Other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality

Standards during the project and after it is terminated.

2.40.k. The installation or operation of a permanent clean coal technology demonstration project that

constitutes repowering, provided that the project does not result in an increase in the potential to emit of any

regulated NSR pollutant emitted by the unit. This exemption shall apply on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis.

2.40.l. The reactivation of a very clean coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit.

2.40.m. This definition shall not apply with respect to a particular regulated NSR pollutant when the

major stationary source is complying with the requirements under section 25 for a PAL for that pollutant. 

Instead, the definition at subsection 2.53 shall apply.

2.41. “Major modification for ozone” means a major modification for volatile organic compounds or

NOX.

2.42. “Major and minor source baseline date.” 

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2.42.a. “Major source baseline date” means:

2.42.a.1. In the case of PM10 and sulfur dioxide, January 6, 1975; and

2.42.a.2. In the case of nitrogen dioxide, February 8, 1988; and

2.42.a.3. In the case of PM2.5,October 20, 2010.

2.42.b. “Minor source baseline date” means the earliest date after the trigger date on which a major

stationary source or a major modification subject to the requirements of 40 CFR §52.21 or to this rule submits

a complete application under this rule. The trigger date is:

2.42.b.1. In the case of PM10 and sulfur dioxide, August 7, 1977, and

2.42.b.2. In the case of nitrogen dioxide, February 8, 1988; and

2.42.b.3. In the case of PM2.5, October 20, 2011.

2.42.c. The baseline date is established for each pollutant for which increments or other equivalent

measures have been established if:

2.42.c.1. The area in which the proposed source or modification would construct is designated as

attainment or unclassifiable under §107(d)(1)(A)(ii) or (iii) of the CAA for the pollutant on the date of its

complete application under 40 CFR §52.21 or this rule; and 

2.42.c.2. In the case of a major stationary source, the pollutant would be emitted in significant

amounts, or in the case of a major modification, there would be a significant net emissions increase of the

pollutant.

2.42.d. Any minor source baseline date established originally for the TSP increments shall remain

in effect and shall apply for purposes of determining the amount of available PM10 increments, except that

the Secretary may rescind any such minor source baseline date where it can be demonstrated to the

Secretary’s satisfaction that the emissions increase from the major stationary source, or the net emissions

increase from the major modification, responsible for triggering that date did not result in a significant amount

of PM10 emissions.

2.43. “Major stationary source” means:

2.43.a. Any of the following stationary sources of air pollutants which emits or has the potential to

emit, one hundred (100) tons per year or more of any regulated NSR pollutant:

• Fossil Fuel-fired Steam Electric Plants of More than 250 Million Btu/hr Heat Input, 

• Coal Cleaning Plants (with thermal dryers),

• Kraft Pulp Mills, 

• Portland Cement Plants,

• Primary Zinc Smelters,

• Iron and Steel Mill Plants, 

• Primary Aluminum Ore Reduction Plants (with thermal dryers),

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• Primary Copper Smelters, 

• Municipal Incinerators Capable of Charging More than 250 Tons of Refuse per Day,

• Hydroflouric, Sulfuric and Nitric Acid Plants,

• Petroleum Refineries, 

• Lime Plants, 

• Phosphate Rock Processing Plants, 

• Coke Oven Batteries, 

• Sulfur Recovery Plants, 

• Carbon Black Plants (furnace process), 

• Primary Lead Smelters, 

• Fuel Conversion Plants, 

• Sintering Plants, 

• Secondary Metal Production Plants, 

• Chemical Process Plants (which does not include ethanol production facilities that produce ethanol by

natural fermentation included in NAICS codes 325193 or 312140),

• Fossil Fuel Boilers (or combinations thereof) Totaling More than 250 Million Btu/hour Heat Input, 

• Petroleum Storage and Transfer Units with a Total Storage Capacity Exceeding 300,000 Barrels,

• Taconite Ore Processing Plants, 

• Glass Fiber Processing Plants, and 

• Charcoal Production Plants;

2.43.b. Notwithstanding the stationary source size specified in subdivision 2.43.a, any stationary

source which emits or has the potential to emit, two hundred fifty (250) tons per year or more of any regulated

NSR pollutant; or

2.43.c. Any physical change at a stationary source, not otherwise qualifying under subdivision 2.43.a

as a major stationary source, if the change itself would constitute a major stationary source.

2.43.d. A major source that is major for volatile organic compounds or NOX shall be considered

major for ozone.

2.43.e. The fugitive emissions of a stationary source shall not be included in determining whether

it is a major stationary source, unless the source is listed in Table 1.

Table 1

SOURCE CATEGORIES WHICH MUST INCLUDE FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

• Fossil-Fuel-Fired Steam Electric Plants Greater Than 250 Million Btu/Hour Heat Input

• Coal Cleaning Plants (with thermal dryers)

• Kraft Pulp Mills

• Portland Cement Plants

• Primary Zinc Smelters

• Iron and Steel Mill Plants

• Primary Aluminum Ore Reduction Plants

• Primary Copper Smelters

• Municipal Incinerators Capable of Charging Greater Than 250 Tons of Refuse/Day

• Hydrofluoric, Sulfuric, and Nitric Acid Plants

• Petroleum Refineries

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• Lime Plants

• Phosphate Rock Processing Plants

• Coke Oven Batteries

• Sulfur Recovery Plants

• Carbon Black Plants (furnace process)

• Primary Lead Smelters

• Fuel Conversion Plants

• Sintering Plants

• Secondary Metal Production Plants

• Chemical Process Plants - The term chemical processing plant shall not include ethanol production

facilities that produce ethanol by natural fermentation included in NAICS codes 325193 or 312140

• Fossil Fuel Boilers (or combinations thereof) Totaling More Than 250 Million Btu/Hour Heat Input

• Petroleum Storage and Transfer Units with a Total Storage Capacity Exceeding 300,000 Barrels

• Taconite Ore Processing Plants

• Glass Fiber Processing Plants

• Charcoal Production Plants

• Any other stationary source category which, as of August 7, 1980, is being regulated under §§111 or 112

of the CAA.

2.43.f. In addition to those facilities covered under subdivision 2.43.e, all coal preparation plants

as defined under 40 CFR §60.251(a) which process more than 200 tons per day shall count fugitive emissions

from all “affected facilities” at the source.

2.43.g. For the purpose of subdivision 2.43.f, the term “affected facilities” means those facilities

which are listed or identified as “affected facilities” in the applicable standard promulgated under §§111 or

112 of the CAA.”

2.44. “Major stationary source for ozone” means a major stationary source of volatile organic compounds

or NOX.

2.45. “Necessary preconstruction approvals or permits” means those permits or approvals required under

the CAA and rules promulgated under W.Va. Code §22-5-4.

2.46. “Net emissions increase” means, with respect to any regulated NSR pollutant emitted by a major

stationary source, the amount of emissions by which the sum of the following exceeds zero:

2.46.a. The increase in emissions from a particular physical change or change in the method of

operation at a stationary source as calculated pursuant to subsection 3.4;

2.46.b. Any other increases and decreases in actual emissions at the major source that are

contemporaneous with the particular change and are otherwise creditable. Baseline actual emissions for

calculating increases and decreases under subdivision 2.46.b shall be determined as provided in subsection

2.8 , except that paragraphs 2.8.a.3 and 2.8.b.4 shall not apply;

2.46.c. An increase or decrease in actual emissions is contemporaneous with the increase from the

particular change only if it occurs not more than five (5) years prior to the date on which construction on the

particular change commences nor later than the date on which the increase from the particular change occurs.

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2.46.d. An increase or decrease in actual emissions is creditable only if:

2.46.d.1. The increase or decrease in actual emissions has not been relied upon by the United States

Environmental Protection Agency in issuing a permit pursuant to 40 CFR §52.21; or

 2.46.d.2. By the Secretary in issuing a permit pursuant to this rule and such permit is in effect on

the date on which the increase in emissions from the particular change occurs.

2.46.e. The increase or decrease in actual emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, or nitrogen

oxides which occurred prior to the applicable minor source baseline date was required to be considered and

calculated in determining the amount of maximum allowable increases remaining available.;

2.46.f. An increase in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that the new level of actual

emissions exceeds the old level;

2.46.g. A decrease in actual emissions is creditable only to the extent that:

2.46.g.1. The old level of actual emissions or the old level of allowable emissions, whichever is

lower, exceeds the new level of actual emissions;

2.46.g.2. It is federally enforceable and is enforceable by the Secretary at and after the time that

the actual construction on the particular change begins; 

2.46.g.3. The decrease in actual emissions must have approximately the same qualitative

significance for public health and welfare as that attributed to the increase from the particular change;

2.46.g.4. [Reserved.]

2.46.h. An increase that results from a physical change at a source occurs when the emissions unit

on which construction occurred becomes operational and begins to emit a particular pollutant. Any

replacement unit that requires shakedown becomes operational only after a reasonable shakedown period, not

to exceed one hundred eighty (180) days.

2.46.i. Subdivision 2.1.a shall not apply for determining creditable increases and decreases.

2.47. “PM10" means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10

micrometers as measured by a reference method based on Appendix J of 40 CFR Part 50 and designated in

accordance with 40 CFR Part 53 or by an equivalent method designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53.

2.48. “Particulate matter emissions” means all finely divided solid or liquid material, other than

uncombined water, emitted to the ambient air as measured by applicable reference methods, or an equivalent

or alternative method, specified in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, or by a test method specified in any rule of

the Secretary which has been incorporated as part of the federally approved State Implementation Plan. All

references to particulate or particulate matter in this rule shall mean particulate matter emissions.

2.49. “Person” means any and all persons, natural or artificial, including the State of West Virginia or

any other state and all agencies or divisions thereof, any state political subdivision, the United States of

America, any municipal, public, statutory or private corporation or association organized or existing under

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the laws of this or any state or country, and any firm, partnership, or association of whatever nature.

2.50. “Plantwide applicability limitation (PAL)” means an emission limitation expressed in tons per year,

for a pollutant at a major stationary source, that is enforceable as a practical matter and established sourcewide in accordance with subsections 25.1 through 25.15.

2.51. “PAL effective date” generally means the date of issuance of the PAL permit. However, the PAL

effective date for an increased PAL is the date any emissions unit that is part of the PAL major modification

becomes operational and begins to emit the PAL pollutant.

2.52. “PAL effective period” means the period beginning with the PAL effective date and ending 10 years

later.

2.53. “PAL major modification” means, notwithstanding subsections 2.40 and 2.46 (the definitions for

major modification and net emissions increase), any physical change in or change in the method of operation

of the PAL source that causes it to emit the PAL pollutant at a level equal to or greater than the PAL.

2.54. “PAL permit” means the major NSR permit, the minor NSR permit, or the State operating permit

under a program that is approved into the State Implementation Plan, or the title V permit issued by the

Secretary that establishes a PAL for a major stationary source.

2.55. “PAL pollutant” means the pollutant for which a PAL is established at a major stationary source.

2.56. [Reserved.]

2.57. “Pollution prevention” means any activity that through process changes, product reformulation or

redesign, or substitution of less polluting raw materials, eliminates or reduces the release of air pollutants

(including fugitive emissions) and other pollutants to the environment prior to recycling, treatment, or

disposal; it does not mean recycling (other than certain “in-process recycling” practices), energy recovery,

treatment, or disposal.

2.58. “Potential to emit” means the maximum capacity of a stationary source to emit a pollutant under

its physical and operational design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the source to

emit a pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of operation or on the

type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated as part of its design only if the

limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is federally enforceable or is enforceable by the Secretary

in any permit and/or consent order issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency or by the

Secretary. Secondary emissions do not count in determining the potential to emit of a stationary source.

2.59. “Predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS)” means all of the equipment necessary to monitor

process and control device operational parameters (for example, control device secondary voltages and

electric currents) and other information (for example, gas flow rate, O2 or CO2 concentrations), and calculate

and record the mass emissions rate (for example, lb/hr) on a continuous basis.

2.60. “Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program” means a major source preconstruction

permit program that has been approved by the Administrator and incorporated into the State Implementation

Plan, or the program in 40 CFR §52.21. Any permit issued under such a program is a major new source

review (NSR) permit.

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2.61. [Reserved.]

2.62. “Project” means a physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, an existing major

stationary source.

2.63. “Projected actual emissions” means the maximum annual rate, in tons per year, at which an existing

emissions unit is projected to emit a regulated NSR pollutant in any one of the 5 years (12-month period)

following the date the unit resumes regular operation after the project, or in any one of the 10 years following

that date, if the project involves increasing the emissions unit’s design capacity or its potential to emit that

regulated NSR pollutant and full utilization of the unit would result in a significant emissions increase or a

significant net emissions increase at the major stationary source.

2.63.a. In determining the projected actual emissions under subsection 2.63 (before beginning actual

construction), the owner or operator of the major stationary source:

2.63.a.1. Shall consider all relevant information, including but not limited to, historical operational

data, the company's own representations, the company's expected business activity and the company's highest

projections of business activity, the company's filings with the State or Federal regulatory authorities, and

compliance plans under the approved State Implementation Plan; and

2.63.a.2. Shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions associated with

startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions; and

2.63.a.3. Shall exclude, in calculating any increase in emissions that results from the particular

project, that portion of the unit’s emissions following the project that an existing unit could have

accommodated during the consecutive 24-month period used to establish the baseline actual emissions under

subsection 2.8 and that are also unrelated to the particular project, including any increased utilization due to

product demand growth; or

2.63.a.4. In lieu of using the method set out in paragraphs 2.63.a.1 through 2.63.a.3, may elect to

use the emissions unit’s potential to emit, in tons per year, as defined under subsection 2.58.

2.64. “Reactivation of a very clean coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit” means any physical

change or change in the method of operation associated with the commencement of commercial operations

by a coal-fired utility unit after a period of discontinued operation where the unit:

2.64.a. Has not been in operation for the two-year period prior to the enactment of the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1990, and the emissions from such unit continue to be carried in the Secretary’s emissions

inventory at the time of enactment;

2.64.b. Was equipped prior to shutdown with a continuous system of emissions control that achieves

a removal efficiency for sulfur dioxide of no less than eighty-five (85) percent and a removal efficiency for

particulates of no less than ninety-eight (98) percent;

2.64.c. Is equipped with low-NOX burners prior to the time of commencement of operations

following reactivation; and

2.64.d. Is otherwise in compliance with the requirements of the CAA.

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2.65. [Reserved.]

2.66. “Regulated NSR pollutant” means the following: 

2.66.a. Any pollutant for which a National Ambient Air Quality Standard has been promulgated. 

This includes, but is not limited to, the following:

2.66.a.1. PM2.5 emissions, and PM10 emissions shall include gaseous emissions from a source or

activity which condense to form particulate matter at ambient temperatures. On or after January 1, 2011, such

condensable particulate matter shall be accounted for in applicability determinations and in establishing

emissions limitations for PM2.5 and PM10 in PSD permits. Compliance with emissions limitations for PM2.5

and PM10 issued prior to this date shall not be based on condensable particular matter unless required by the

terms and conditions of the permit or the applicable implementation plan. Applicability determinations made

prior to this date without accounting for condensable particular matter shall not be considered in violation

unless the applicable implementation plan required condensable particular matter to be included;

2.66.a.2. Any pollutant identified under this paragraph as a constituent or precursor to a pollutant

for which a national ambient air quality standard has been promulgated. Precursors identified by the

Administrator for purposes of NSR are the following:

2.66.a.2.A. Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are precursors to ozone in all

attainment and unclassifiable areas.

2.66.a.2.B. Sulfur dioxide is a precursor to PM2.5 in all attainment and unclassifiable areas.

2.66.a.2.C. Nitrogen oxides are presumed to be precursors to PM2.5 in all attainment and

unclassifiable areas, unless the Secretary demonstrates to the Administrator’s satisfaction or EPA

demonstrates that emissions of nitrogen oxides from sources in a specific area are not a significant contributor

to that area’s ambient PM2.5 concentrations.

2.66.a.2.D. Volatile organic compounds are presumed not to be precursors to PM2.5 in any

attainment or unclassifiable area, unless the Secretary demonstrates to the Administrator’s satisfaction or EPA

demonstrates that emissions of volatile organic compounds from sources in a specific area are a significant

contributor to that area’s ambient PM2.5 concentrations.

2.66.b. Any pollutant that is subject to any standard promulgated under §111 of the CAA; 

2.66.c. Any Class I or II substance subject to a standard promulgated under or established by title

VI of the CAA; 

2.66.d. Any pollutant that otherwise is subject to regulation under the CAA as defined in subsection

2.80.

2.66.e. Notwithstanding subdivisions 2.66.a through 2.66.d, the term regulated NSR pollutant shall

not include any or all hazardous air pollutants either listed in §112 of the CAA, or added to the list pursuant

to §112(b)(2) of the CAA, and which have not been delisted pursuant to §112(b)(3) of the CAA, unless the

listed hazardous air pollutant is also regulated as a constituent or precursor of a general pollutant listed under

§108 of the CAA.

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2.67. “Relocate” or “Relocation” means the physical movement of a source outside of its existing plant

boundaries.

2.68. “Replacement unit” means an emissions unit for which all the criteria listed in subdivisions 2.68.a

through 2.68.d are met. No creditable emission reductions shall be generated from shutting down the existing

emissions unit that is replaced.

2.68.a. The emissions unit is a reconstructed unit within the meaning of 40 CFR §60.15(b)(1), or

the emissions unit completely takes the place of an existing emissions unit;

2.68.b. The emissions unit is identical to or functionally equivalent to the replaced emissions unit;

2.68.c. The replacement does not change the basic design parameter(s) of the process unit; and

2.68.d. The replaced emissions unit is permanently removed from the major stationary source,

otherwise permanently disabled, or permanently barred from operation by a permit that is enforceable as a

practical matter. If the replaced emissions unit is brought back into operation, it shall constitute a new

emissions unit.

2.69. “Repowering” means replacement of an existing coal-fired boiler with one of the following clean

coal technologies: atmospheric or pressurized fluidized bed combustion, integrated gasification combined

cycle, magnetohydrodynamics, direct and indirect coal-fired turbines, integrated gasification fuel cells, or as

determined by the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, a derivative of one or more

of these technologies, and any other technology capable of controlling multiple combustion emissions

simultaneously with improved boiler or generation efficiency and with significantly greater waste reduction

relative to the performance of technology in widespread commercial use as of November 15, 1990.

2.69.a. Repowering shall also include any oil and/or gas-fired unit which has been awarded clean

coal technology demonstration funding as of January 1, 1991, by the Department of Energy.

2.69.b. The Secretary shall give expedited consideration to permit applications for any source that

satisfies the requirements of this subsection 2.69 and is granted an extension under §409 of the CAA.

2.70. [Reserved.]

2.71. “Representative actual annual emissions” means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the

source is projected to emit a pollutant for the two-year period after a physical change or change in the method

of operation of a unit, (or a different consecutive two-year period within ten (10) years after that change,

where the Secretary determines that such period is more representative of normal source operations),

considering the effect any such change will have on increasing or decreasing the hourly emissions rate and

on projected capacity utilization. In projecting future emissions the Secretary shall:

2.71.a. Consider all relevant information, including but not limited to, historical operational data,

the company's own representations, filings with the State or Federal regulatory authorities, and compliance

plans under Title IV of the CAA; and

2.71.b. Exclude, in calculating any increase in emissions that results from the particular physical

change or change in the method of operation at an electric utility steam generating unit, that portion of the

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unit's emissions following the change that could have been accommodated during the representative baseline

period and is attributable to an increase in projected capacity utilization at the unit that is unrelated to the

particular change, including any increased utilization due to the rate of electricity demand growth for the

utility system as a whole.

2.72. “Secondary emissions” means emissions which would occur as a result of the construction or

operation of a major stationary source or major modification, but do not come from the major stationary

source or major modification itself. For the purpose of this rule, secondary emissions must be specific, well

defined, quantifiable, and impact the same general area as the stationary source or modification which causes

the secondary emissions. Secondary emissions include, but are not limited to emissions from any off-site

support facility which would not otherwise be constructed or increase its emissions except as a result of the

construction or operation of the major stationary source or major modification. Secondary emissions do not

include any emissions which come directly from a mobile source, such as emissions from the tailpipe of a

motor vehicle, from a train, or from a vessel.

2.73. “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Department of Environmental Protection as defined in W.

Va. Code §§22-1-6 or 22-1-8.

2.74. “Significant” means:

2.74.a. In reference to a net emission increase or the potential of a source to emit any of the

following pollutants, a rate of emissions that would equal or exceed any of the following rates:

Pollutant and Pollutant Emission Rate

(tons per year)

Carbon monoxide: 100 tpy

Nitrogen oxides: 40 tpy

Sulfur dioxide: 40 tpy

Particulate matter: 25 tpy

PM10: 15 tpy

PM2.5: 10 tpy

of direct PM2.5 emissions

PM2.5: 40 tpy

of SO2 emissions

PM2.5: 40 tpy

of NOX emissions

(unless demonstrated not to be a PM2.5 precursor under subsection 2.66).

Ozone: 40 tpy

of VOC or NOX

Lead: 0.6 tpy

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Fluorides: 3 tpy

Sulfuric acid mist: 7 tpy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): 10 tpy

Total reduced sulfur: 10 tpy

(including H2S)

Reduced sulfur compounds

(including H2S):

10 tpy

Municipal waste combustor organics (as total tetra- through octachlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans):

3.5x10-6 tpy

Municipal waste combustor metals (as particulate matter): 15 tpy

Municipal waste combustor acid gases (as the sum of SO2 and HCl): 40 tpy

Municipal solid waste landfill emissions (as nonmethane organic compounds): 50 tpy

2.74.b. In reference to a net emissions increase or the potential of a source to emit a regulated NSR

pollutant that is not listed in subdivision 2.74.a, any emissions rate; and

2.74.c. Notwithstanding subdivision 2.74.a, any emissions rate or any net emissions increase

associated with a major stationary source or major modification, which would construct within ten (10)

kilometers of any Class I area, and have an impact on such area equal to or greater than 1 μg/m3

 (twenty-four

(24) hour average).

2.75. “Significant emissions increase” means, for a regulated NSR pollutant, an increase in emissions that

is significant (as defined in subsection 2.74) for that pollutant.

2.76. “Significant emissions unit” means an emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit a PAL

pollutant in an amount that is equal to or greater than the significant level (as defined in subsection 2.74 or

in the CAA, whichever is lower) for that PAL pollutant, but less than the amount that would qualify the unit

as a major emissions unit as defined in subsection 2.39.

2.77. “Significant impact” means an increase in the ambient air concentration for a particular pollutant

as follows:

Averaging time (hours)

Annual 24 8 3 1

Ambient Air Concentration Increase (μg/m3

)

SO2 1.0 5.0 25.0

PM10 1.0 5.0

NO2 1.0

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Ambient Air Concentration Increase (mg/m3)

CO 0.5 2.0

2.78. “Small emissions unit” means an emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit the PAL

pollutant in an amount less than the significant level for that PAL pollutant, as defined in subsection 2.74 or

in the CAA, whichever is lower.

2.79. “Source” or “Stationary source” means, for the purpose of this rule, any building, structure, facility,

or installation which emits or may emit a regulated NSR pollutant.

2.80. “Subject to regulation” means, for any air pollutant, that the pollutant is subject to either a provision

in the Clean Air Act, or a nationally-applicable regulation codified by the Administrator under Title 40,

Chapter I, Subchapter C of the Code of Federal Regulations, that requires actual control of the quantity of

emissions of that pollutant, and that such a control requirement has taken effect and is operative to control,

limit or restrict the quantity of emissions of that pollutant released from the regulated activity. Except that:

2.80.a. Greenhouse gases (GHGs), the air pollutant defined in 40 CFR §86.1818–12(a) as the

aggregate group of six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons,

perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride, shall not be subject to regulation except as provided in

subdivisions 2.80.d and 2.80.e.

2.80.b. For purposes of subdivisions 2.80.c through 2.80.e, the term tpy CO2 equivalent emissions

(CO2e) shall represent an amount of GHGs emitted, and shall be computed as follows:

2.80.b.1. Multiplying the mass amount of emissions (tpy), for each of the six greenhouse gases in

the pollutant GHGs, by the gas’s associated global warming potential published at Table A-1 to Subpart A

of 40 CFR Part 98 - Global Warming Potentials. 

2.80.b.2. Sum the resultant value from paragraph 2.80.b.1 for each gas to compute a tpy CO2e.

2.80.c. The term emissions increase as used in subdivisions 2.80.d and 2.80.e shall mean that both

a significant emissions increase (as calculated using the procedures in subsection 3.4) and a significant net

emissions increase (as defined in subsections 2.46 and 2.74) occur. For the pollutant GHGs, an emissions

increase shall be based on tpy CO2e, and shall be calculated assuming the pollutant GHGs is a regulated NSR

pollutant, and “significant” is defined as 75,000 tpy CO2e instead of applying the value in subdivision 2.74.b.

2.80.d. Beginning January 2, 2011, the pollutant GHGs is subject to regulation if:

2.80.d.1. The stationary source is a new major stationary source for a regulated NSR pollutant that

is not GHGs, and also will emit or will have the potential to emit 75,000 tpy CO2e or more; or

2.80.d.2. The stationary source is an existing major stationary source for a regulated NSR pollutant

that is not GHGs, and also will have an emissions increase of a regulated NSR pollutant, and an emissions

increase of 75,000 tpy CO2e or more; and,

2.80.e. Beginning July 1, 2011, in addition to the provisions in subdivision 2.80.d, the pollutant

GHGs shall also be subject to regulation:

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2.80.e.1. At a new stationary source that will emit or have the potential to emit 100,000 tpy CO2e;

or

2.80.e.2. At an existing stationary source that emits or has the potential to emit 100,000 tpy CO2e,

when such stationary source undertakes a physical change or change in the method of operation that will

result in an emissions increase of 75,000 tpy CO2e or more.

2.80.f. Notwithstanding subdivisions 2.80.d. and 2.80.e., and subject to the public notice

requirements set forth in subdivision 2.80.g., the preconstruction permit requirements of this rule shall not

apply to a source’s GHG emissions if any of the following actions result in GHGs not being subject to

regulation under the otherwise applicable federal prevention of significant deterioration requirements set forth

in 40 CFR §51.166:

2.80.f.1. A US EPA final rule;

2.80.f.2. An act of the United States Congress;

2.80.f.3. A Presidential Executive Order;

2.80.f.4. A final order of the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals, if the specified time

for appealing the order has lapsed and no appeals, petitions seeking clarification or rehearing, or other

petitions regarding the order have been filed, or, if any appeals or petitions are filed, the resolution of any and

all appeals and petitions regarding the final order are complete and have upheld the relevant determination(s). 

Moreover, a stay shall also create an exemption during the effective length of the stay. These two specific

exemptions shall become effective only if US EPA does not object in writing by the end of the notice period

set forth in subdivision 2.80.g.; or

2.80.f.5. An order of the United States Supreme Court.

2.80.g. The exemption set forth in subdivision 2.80.f. shall become effective after the Secretary

provides a thirty day notice of such exemption to US EPA and the public. Such notice shall be published in

the West Virginia Register and explain the circumstances justifying the exemption.

2.81. “TSP” or “Total suspended particulate matter” means particulate matter as measured by the methods

described in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 50.

2.82. “Temporary clean coal technology demonstration project” means a clean coal technology

demonstration project that is operated for a period of five (5) years or less, and which complies with the State

Implementation Plan and other requirements necessary to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air

Quality Standards during and after the project is terminated.

2.83. [Reserved.]

2.84. “US EPA” means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

2.85. “Volatile organic compounds (VOC)” is as defined in 40 CFR §51.100(s).

§45-14-3. Applicability.

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3.1. The requirements of this rule apply to the construction of any new major stationary source (as

defined in subsection 2.43) or any proposed project at an existing major stationary source in an area

designated as attainment or unclassifiable under §§107(d)(1)(A)(ii) or (iii) of the CAA.

3.2. The requirements of sections 7 through 13 and sections 17 through 19 apply to the construction of

any new major stationary source or the major modification of any existing major stationary source, except

as this rule otherwise provides.

3.3. No new major stationary source or major modification to which the requirements of sections 7

through 13 and sections 17 through subsection 19.7 apply shall begin actual construction without a permit

issued by the Secretary that states that the major stationary source or major modification will meet those

requirements.

3.4. Determination of major modification. -- The determination as to whether a proposed project is a

major modification for a regulated NSR pollutant shall be determined in accordance with the specific

provisions set forth in subdivisions 3.4.a through 3.4.f.

3.4.a. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 3.5 and 3.6, and consistent with the definition of

major modification contained in subsection 2.40, a project is a major modification for a regulated NSR

pollutant if it causes two types of emissions increases -- a significant emissions increase (as defined in

subsection 2.75), and a significant net emissions increase (as defined in subsections 2.46 and 2.74). The

proposed project is not a major modification if it does not cause a significant emissions increase. If the

proposed project causes a significant emissions increase, then the project is a major modification only if it

also results in a significant net emissions increase.

3.4.b. The procedure for calculating (before beginning actual construction) whether a significant

emissions increase (i.e., the first step of the process) will occur depends upon the type of emissions units

being modified, according to subdivisions 3.4.c through 3.4.f. The procedure for calculating (before

beginning actual construction) whether a significant net emissions increase will occur at the major stationary

source (i.e., the second step of the process) is contained in the definition in subsection 2.46. Regardless of

any such preconstruction projections, a major modification results if the project causes a significant emissions

increase and a significant net emissions increase.

3.4.c. Actual-to-projected-actual applicability test for projects that only involve existing emissions

units. -- A significant emissions increase of a regulated NSR pollutant is projected to occur if the sum of the

difference between the projected actual emissions (as defined in subsection 2.63) and the baseline actual

emissions (as defined in subdivisions 2.8.a and 2.8.b), for each existing emissions unit, equals or exceeds the

significant amount for that pollutant (as defined in subsection 2.74).

3.4.d. Actual-to-potential test for projects that only involve construction of a new emissions unit(s). --

A significant emissions increase of a regulated NSR pollutant is projected to occur if the sum of the difference

between the potential to emit (as defined in subsection 2.58) from each new emissions unit following

completion of the project and the baseline actual emissions (as defined in subdivision 2.8.c) of these units

before the project equals or exceeds the significant amount for that pollutant (as defined in subsection 2.74).

3.4.e. [Reserved]

3.4.f. Hybrid test for projects that involve multiple types of emissions units. -- A significant emissions

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increase of a regulated NSR pollutant is projected to occur if the sum of the emissions increases for each

emissions unit, using the method specified in subdivisions 3.4.c through 3.4.d as applicable with respect to

each emissions unit, for each type of emissions unit equals or exceeds the significant amount for that pollutant

(as defined in subsection 2.74).

3.5. For any major stationary source subject to a PAL for a regulated NSR pollutant, the major stationary

source shall comply with the requirements set forth in section 25.

§45-14-4. Ambient Air Quality Increments and Ceilings.

4.1. No increases in pollutant concentrations over the baseline concentrations are allowed in excess of

those listed below:

Maximum Allowable Pollutant Concentration Increase over Baseline Concentration

(μg/m3

)

Class I Areas

Particulate matter:

PM2.5, Annual arithmetic mean 1

PM2.5, 24-hour maximum 2

PM10, Annual arithmetic mean 4

PM10, 24-hour maximum 8

Sulfur dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 2

24-hour maximum 5

3-hour maximum 25

Nitrogen dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 2.5

Class II Areas

Particulate matter:

PM2.5, Annual arithmetic mean 4

PM2.5, 24-hour maximum 9

PM10, Annual arithmetic mean 17

PM10, 24-hour maximum 30

Sulfur dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 20

24-hour maximum 91

3-hour maximum 512

Nitrogen dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 25

Class III

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Particulate matter:

PM2.5, Annual arithmetic mean 8

PM2.5, 24-hour maximum 18

PM10, Annual arithmetic mean 34

PM10, 24-hour maximum 60

Sulfur dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 40

24-hour maximum 182

3-hour maximum 700

Nitrogen dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 50

4.2. For any period other than an annual period, the applicable maximum allowable increase may be

exceeded during one (1) such period per year at any one location.

4.3. No pollutant concentration shall exceed any primary or secondary air quality standard promulgated:

4.3.a. by the Secretary; or

4.3.b. by the US EPA.

§45-14-5. Area Classification.

5.1. Dolly Sods Wilderness Area and Otter Creek Wilderness Area are designated as Class I Areas;

5.2. The Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreational Area, the Cranberry National Wilderness,

and the New River Gorge National Scenic River are designated as Class II Areas; and

5.3. The remainder of the State of West Virginia is designated as a Class II Area.

§45-14-6. Prohibition of Dispersion Enhancement Techniques.

6.1. The use of stack heights which exceed good engineering practice or any dispersion techniques to

reduce the concentration of any air pollutant and thereby, affect the degree of emission limitation required

is prohibited unless a stack existed or dispersion technique was implemented before December 31, 1970.

§45-14-7. Registration, Reporting and Permit Requirements for Major Stationary Sources and

Major Modifications.

7.1. No person shall allow the construction or relocation of any major stationary source or a major

modification to be commenced after the effective date of this rule in any area designated as attainment or

unclassifiable under §107 of the CAA, without notifying the Secretary of such intent and obtaining prior to

beginning actual construction, or modification (as defined by subsection 2.10) a permit(s) to so construct,

modify, or relocate the major stationary source or major modification as herein provided. If the area in which

such source would be constructed or the area in which such modification would occur is designated as

nonattainment under §107 of the CAA, as amended, for any pollutant which the source or modification would

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emit in significant amounts (as defined by subsection 45CSR19-2.65), the source or modification shall meet

all requirements of 45CSR19 for that pollutant and shall not be subject to the requirements of this rule for that

pollutant.

7.2. The owner or operator of the source shall file with the Secretary a timely and complete permit

application containing sufficient information as, in the judgment of the Secretary, will enable the Secretary

to determine whether such source construction, modification, or relocation will be in conformance with the

provisions of any rules promulgated by the Secretary in general and with the requirements of this rule. Such

information may include, but not be limited to:

7.2.a. A description of the nature, location, design capacity, and typical operating schedule of the

source or modification, including specifications and drawings showing its design and plant layout;

7.2.b. A detailed schedule for construction of the source or modification;

7.2.c. A detailed description as to what system of continuous emission reduction is planned by the

source or modification, emission estimates, and any other information as necessary to determine that best

available control technology as applicable would be applied;

7.2.d. The air quality impact of the source or modification, including meteorological and topographical

data necessary to estimate such impact; and

7.2.e. The air quality impacts and the nature and extent of any or all general commercial, residential,

industrial, and other growth which has occurred since August 7, 1977, in the area the source or modification

would affect.

7.3. Each permit application shall be signed by the owner or operator of the major stationary source or

major modification, and such signature shall constitute an agreement that the applicant will assume

responsibility for the construction, modification, or relocation, and operation of the major stationary source

or major modification in accordance with applicable rules of the Secretary, the permit application, and any

permit issued pursuant to this rule.

7.4. Within thirty (30) days of the receipt of a permit application for construction or relocation of a

major stationary source or for a major modification, the Secretary shall determine if the application is

complete or if there exists any deficiency in the application or information submitted, and shall notify the

applicant of all such deficiencies, if any. In the event of such a deficiency, the date of receipt of the

application shall be the date on which the Secretary received all required information.

7.5. Within six (6) months of the receipt of a complete permit application for construction or relocation

of a major stationary source or for a major modification, the Secretary shall issue such a permit unless the

Secretary determines that the proposed major stationary source or major modification has not satisfied the

requirements of this rule, will violate applicable emission standards, will interfere with the attainment or

maintenance of applicable ambient air quality standards, or will be inconsistent with the intent and purpose

of this rule, in which case the Secretary shall issue an order for the prevention of such construction,

modification, or relocation.

7.6. If the Secretary denies a permit application for the proposed construction or relocation of any major

stationary source or major modification, the order shall set forth the Secretary’s reasons with reasonable

25
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specificity.

7.7. The Secretary may impose any reasonable conditions as part of a granted construction,

modification, or relocation permit. Such conditions may include, but not be limited to, the submission of

periodic progress or operation reports, the provisions of a suitable sampling site, the installation of pollutant

monitoring devices, and the operation and maintenance of ambient air quality monitoring stations.

§45-14-8. Control Technology Requirements.

8.1. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source or major modification shall

meet each applicable emissions limitation promulgated by the Secretary and any applicable emissions

standard or standard of performance under 40 CFR Parts 60, 61 and 63.

8.2. Any person proposing to construct a new major stationary source shall apply best available control

technology for each regulated NSR pollutant that it would have the potential to emit in significant amounts.

8.3. Any person proposing a major modification of a stationary source shall apply best available control

technology for each regulated NSR pollutant for which such proposed major modification would cause a

significant net emissions increase from such source. This requirement applies to each proposed emissions

unit at which a net emissions increase in the pollutant would occur as a result of a physical change or change

in the method of operation in the unit.

8.4. For any proposed construction of a major stationary source or major modification which is a phased

construction project, the determination of best available control technology shall be reviewed and modified

as appropriate at the last reasonable time which occurs no later than eighteen (18) months prior to

commencement of construction of each independent phase of the project. At such time, the owner or operator

of the applicable stationary source may be required to demonstrate the adequacy of any previous

determination of best available control technology for the source.

§45-14-9. Requirements Relating to the Source’s Impact on Air Quality.

9.1. Required Demonstration. -- Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source

or to make a major modification shall demonstrate that allowable emission increases from the proposed source

or modification, in conjunction with all other applicable emission increases or reductions (including

secondary emissions) would not cause or contribute to air pollution in violation of:

9.1.a. Any National Ambient Air Quality Standard in any air quality control region; or

9.1.b. Any applicable maximum allowable increase over the baseline concentration in any area.

9.2. [Reserved.]

§45-14-10. Modeling Requirements.

10.1. All estimates of ambient concentrations required under section 9 shall be based on the applicable

air quality models, data bases, and other requirements specified in the Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51

(Guideline on Air Quality Models).

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10.2. Where an air quality impact model specified in Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51 (Guideline on Air

Quality Models) is inappropriate, the model may be modified or another model substituted, provided that said

modification or substitution is approved in writing by the Administrator.

§45-14-11. Air Quality Monitoring Requirements.

11.1. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source shall provide an analysis

of the ambient air quality in the area that the major stationary source would affect for each pollutant that it

would have the potential to emit in a significant amount.

11.2. Any person proposing to make a major modification to a stationary source shall provide an analysis

of the ambient air quality in the area that the major modification would affect for each pollutant for which

it would result in a significant net emissions increase.

11.3. For those pollutants for which no National or West Virginia Ambient Air Quality Standard exists,

the analysis shall contain such air quality monitoring data as the Secretary determines is necessary to assess

ambient air quality for that pollutant in any area that the emissions of that pollutant would affect.

11.4. For those pollutants (other than non-methane hydrocarbons) for which such an ambient air quality

standard does exist, the analysis shall contain continuous air quality monitoring data gathered for purposes

of determining whether emissions of that pollutant would cause or contribute to a violation of the standard

or any maximum allowable increase.

11.5. All ambient air quality monitoring data that is required shall have been gathered over a period of

one (1) year and shall represent the year preceding receipt of the application, except that, if the Secretary

determines that a complete and adequate analysis can be accomplished with monitoring data gathered over

a period shorter than one (1) year (but not to be less than four (4) months), the data that is required shall have

been gathered over at least that shorter period.

11.6. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source or make a major

modification shall, after construction of the stationary source or modification, conduct such ambient

monitoring as the Secretary determines is necessary to determine the effect emissions from the stationary

source or modification may have, or are having, on air quality in any area.

11.7. Operation of monitoring stations required by section 11 shall meet the requirements of Appendix

B of 40 CFR Part 58 during the operation of the monitoring stations.

§45-14-12. Additional Impact Analysis Requirements.

12.1. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source or make a major

modification shall provide:

12.1.a. An analysis of the impairment to visibility, soils, and vegetation that would occur as a result

of the source or modification and general commercial, residential, industrial, and other growth associated with

the source or modification. The owner or operator need not provide an analysis of the impact on vegetation

having no significant commercial or recreational value; and

12.1.b. An analysis of the air quality impact projected for the area as a result of general commercial,

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residential, industrial and other growth associated with the source or modification.

§45-14-13. Additional Requirements and Variances for Sources Impacting Federal Class I Areas.

13.1. Notice to EPA. -- The Secretary shall transmit to the Administrator a copy of each permit

application relating to a major stationary source or major modification impacting a Class I area and provide

notice to the Administrator of every action related to the consideration of such permit.

13.2. Notice to Federal land managers. -- The Secretary shall provide written notice of any permit

application for a proposed major stationary source or major modification, the emissions from which may

affect a Class I area, to the Federal land manager or the Federal official, charged with direct responsibility

for management of any lands within any such area. Such notification shall include a copy of all information

relevant to the permit application and shall be given within 30 days of receipt and at least 60 days prior to

any public hearing on the application for a permit to construct. Such notification shall include an analysis

of the proposed source's anticipated impacts on visibility in the Federal Class I area.

13.3. The Secretary shall also provide the Federal land manager or such Federal officials with a copy of

the preliminary determination required under subsection 17.2, and shall make available to them any materials

used in making that determination, promptly after the Secretary makes such determination. Finally, the

Secretary shall also notify all affected Federal land managers within 30 days of receipt of any advance

notification of any such permit application.

13.4. Federal Land Manager. -- The Federal Land Manager or the Federal official, charged with direct

responsibility for management of such lands has an affirmative responsibility to protect the air quality related

values (including visibility) of such lands and to consider, in consultation with the Secretary, whether a

proposed source or modification will have an adverse impact on such values.

13.5. The Federal Land Manager of the affected Class I area may present to the Secretary during the

public review process described in section 17 a demonstration that the emissions from the proposed major

stationary source or major modification would have an adverse impact on the air quality-related values

(including visibility) of any Federal mandatory Class I lands, notwithstanding that the change in air quality

resulting from emissions from such source or modification would not cause or contribute to concentrations

which would exceed the maximum allowable increases for a Class I area. If the Secretary concurs with such

demonstration, the Secretary shall deny the permit to construct.

13.6. Class I variances. -- The owner or operator of a proposed source or modification may demonstrate

to the Federal Land Manager that the emissions from such source or modification would have no adverse

impact on the air quality related values of any such lands (including visibility), notwithstanding that the

change in air quality resulting from emissions from such source or modification would cause or contribute

to concentrations which would exceed the maximum allowable increases for a Class I area. If the Federal

land manager concurs with such demonstration and he so certifies, the Secretary may issue the permit:

Provided, That the applicable requirements of this section are otherwise met, to issue the permit with such

emission limitations as may be necessary to assure that emissions of sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen

oxides would not exceed the following maximum allowable increases over minor source baseline

concentration for such pollutants:

Maximum Allowable Pollutant Concentration Increase over Minor Source Baseline Concentration

(μg/m3

)

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Particulate Matter:

PM2.5, Annual arithmetic mean 4

PM2.5, 24-hr maximum 9

PM10, Annual arithmetic mean 17

PM10, 24-hr maximum 30

Sulfur dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 20

24-hr maximum 91

3-hr maximum 325

Nitrogen dioxide:

Annual arithmetic mean 25

13.7. An applicant for a permit pursuant to this rule shall be allowed the Class I variances as provided

in 40 CFR §§51.166(p)(4), (5), (6), and (7) as contained in the Code of Federal Regulations on July 1, 1994,

provided, that all requirements of said 40 CFR §§51.166(p)(4), (5), (6), and (7) are met and written

notification of variance in accordance with said section(s) is provided to the Secretary.

§45-14-14. Procedures for Sources Employing Innovative Control Technology.

14.1. Any person proposing to construct or modify a major stationary source or major modification may

petition the Secretary to approve a system of innovative control technology in lieu of best available control

technology. Any such proposed innovative control technology shall meet the following conditions:

14.1.a. The proposed control system would not cause or contribute to an unreasonable risk to public

health, welfare, or safety in its operation or function;

14.1.b. The proposed source or modification must achieve a level of continuous emissions reduction

equivalent to that which would have been required under section 8 by a date specified by the Secretary;

14.1.c. The source or modification would meet requirements equivalent to all requirements of this

rule that a stationary source employing a system of best available control technology would be required to

meet;

14.1.d. Before the date specified in subsection 14.4, the source or modification would:

14.1.d.1. Not cause or contribute to any violation of an applicable National Ambient Air Quality

Standard; 

14.1.d.2. Not impact any area where an applicable increment is known to be violated;

14.1.d.3. Meet all other applicable requirements including those for public participation; and

14.1.e. The provisions of 40 CFR §51.166(p) (relating to Class I areas) have been satisfied with

respect to all periods during the life of the source or modification.

14.2. The Secretary shall consult with the governor(s) of other state(s) and the Federal Land Manager(s)

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of areas impacted by the proposed source or modification.

14.3. The Secretary, with the concurrence of the governor(s) of other state(s) and the Federal Land

Manager(s), may make a determination that the source or modification would be employing innovative

control technology.

14.4. The Secretary shall specify a date by which the source or modification must meet the requirements

and conditions of subsection 14.1. Such date shall not be later than four (4) years from the time of start-up

or seven (7) years from permit issuance.

14.5. The Secretary shall withdraw any approval to employ a system of innovative control technology

made under this section 14 if:

14.5.a. The proposed system fails by the specified date to achieve the required continuous emissions

reduction rate; or

14.5.b. The proposed system fails before the specified date so as to contribute to an unreasonable

risk to public health, welfare, or safety; or

14.5.c. The Secretary decides at any time that the proposed system is unlikely to achieve the required

level of control or to protect the public health, welfare, or safety.

14.6. If the source or modification fails to meet the required level of continuous emissions reduction

within the specified time period, or if the approval is withdrawn in accordance with subsection 14.5, the

Secretary shall specify a date by which the source or modification shall meet the requirement for the

application of best available control technology through use of a demonstrated system of control. This date

shall not exceed three (3) years from the date of the end of the specified time period or the date that the

approval is withdrawn, whichever is earlier.

§45-14-15. Exclusions From Increment Consumption.

15.1. The following concentrations shall be excluded in determining compliance with a maximum

allowable increase:

15.1.a. Concentrations attributable to the increase in emissions from stationary sources which have

converted from the use of petroleum products, natural gas, or both by reason of an order in effect under

sections 2(a) and (b) of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (or any superseding

legislation as of the effective date of this rule) over the emissions from such sources before the effective date

of such an order;

15.1.b. Concentrations attributable to the increase in emissions from sources which have converted

from using natural gas by reason of natural gas curtailment plan in effect pursuant to the Federal Power Act

over the emissions from such sources before the effective date of such plan;

15.1.c. Concentrations of particulate matter attributable to the increase in emissions from

construction or other temporary emission-related activities of new or modified sources; and

15.1.d. Concentrations attributable to the temporary increase in emissions of sulfur dioxide,

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particulate matter, or nitrogen oxides from stationary sources so long as such exclusion meets the following

requirements:

15.1.d.1. The temporary emissions increase of sulfur dioxide, particulate matter or nitrogen

dioxides does not exceed two (2) years in duration;

15.1.d.2. The exclusion period for the temporary emissions increase is not renewable; and

15.1.d.3. The exclusion allows no emissions increases from a stationary source which would:

15.1.d.3.A. Impact a Class I area or an area where an applicable increment is known to be

violated; or

15.1.d.3.B. Cause or contribute to a violation of a National Ambient Air Quality Standard.

15.1.d.4. The exclusion requires limitations to be in effect at the end of the exclusion period

specified in paragraph 15.1.d.1, which ensures that the emissions levels from stationary sources would not

exceed those levels occurring from such sources before the temporary increase.

15.2. No exclusion of such concentrations shall apply more than five (5) years after the effective date of

the order to which subdivision 15.1.a refers or the plan to which subdivision 15.1.b refers, whichever is

applicable. If both such order and plan are applicable, no such exclusion shall apply more than five (5) years

after the later of such effective dates.

§45-14-16. Specific Exemptions.

16.1. A non-profit health or non-profit educational institution proposing to construct or relocate a major

stationary source or to make a major modification may petition the Secretary for an exemption from the

requirements of subsections 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 and sections 9, 11 and 12.

16.2. The source or modification that would be a major stationary source or major modification only if

fugitive emissions, to the extent quantifiable, are considered in calculating the potential to emit of the

stationary source or modification and such source does not belong to any of the source categories listed in

Table 1 may petition the Secretary for exemption from the requirements of subsections 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 and

sections 9, 11 and 12.

16.3. Any person proposing to relocate a source or modification that is a portable stationary source which

has previously received a permit under this rule may petition the Secretary for an exemption from the

requirements of subsections 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 and sections 9, 11 and 12. The Secretary shall grant this

exemption if the following conditions are met:

16.3.a. The source proposes to relocate and emissions of the source at the new location would not

exceed two (2) years;

16.3.b. The emissions from the source would not exceed its allowable emissions; 

16.3.c. The emissions from the source would impact no Class I area and no area where an applicable

increment is known to be violated; 

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16.3.d. The source identifies the proposed new location and the probable duration of operation at

the new location; and

16.3.e. Such petition shall be submitted to the Secretary not less than ten (10) days in advance of

the proposed relocation unless a different time duration is previously approved by the Secretary.

16.4. Requirements equivalent to those contained in subsections 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 and sections 9, 11 and

12 do not apply to a major stationary source or major modification with respect to a particular pollutant if the

owner or operator demonstrates that, as to that pollutant, the source or modification is located in an area

designated as nonattainment under §107 of the CAA.

16.5. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source or make a major

modification may petition the Secretary for an exemption from the requirements of sections 9 through 12 with

respect to a particular pollutant and the Secretary shall grant such exemption, if the allowable emissions of

that pollutant from a new source, or the net emissions increase of that pollutant from a modification, would

not exceed two (2) years, would not impact any Class I area and would not impact any area where an

applicable increment is known to be violated.

16.6. Any person proposing to modify a major stationary source located in a Class II area that was in

existence prior to March 1, 1978 may petition the Secretary for an exemption from the requirements of

sections 9, 11 and 12 as they relate to any maximum allowable increase for a Class II area. The Secretary

shall grant such exemption if the net increase in allowable emissions of each regulated NSR pollutant from

the modification after the application of best available control technology would be less than fifty (50) tons

per year.

16.7. Any person proposing to construct or relocate a major stationary source or make a major

modification may petition the Secretary for an exemption from the requirements of section 11 with respect

to a particular pollutant if:

16.7.a. The applicant demonstrates that the emissions increase of the pollutant from a new stationary

source or the net emissions increase of the pollutant from a modification would cause, in any area, an air

quality impact less than the amounts listed in Table 2; or

16.7.b. The applicant demonstrates that the concentrations of the pollutant in the area that the source

or modification would affect are less than the concentrations listed in Table 2; or

16.7.c. The applicant’s request is for any pollutant which is not listed in Table 2.

Table 2 - De Minimis Air Quality Impacts

Pollutant Concentration

(μg/m3

) Averaging Time

Carbon Monoxide 575 8-hour

Nitrogen Dioxide 14 annual

PM2.5

2 0

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PM10 10 24-hour

Sulfur Dioxide 13 24-hour

Ozone1 None NA

Lead 0.1 3-month

Fluorides 0.25 24-hour

Hydrogen Sulfide 0.2 1-hour

Total Reduced Sulfur 10 1-hour

Reduced Sulfur Compounds 10 1-hour

1

 No de minimis air quality level is provided for ozone. However, any net emissions increase of 100 tons per year or more of volatile organic

compounds or nitrogen oxides subject to PSD would be required to perform an ambient impact analysis, including the gathering of air quality data. 2

 In accordance with Sierra Club v. EPA, 706 F.3d 428 (D.C. Cir. 2013), no exemption is available with regard to PM2.5.

16.8. The permitting requirements contained in subdivision 9.1.b do not apply to a stationary source or

modification with respect to any maximum allowable increase for nitrogen oxides if the owner or operator

of the source or modification submitted an application for a permit to the Secretary before the provisions

embodying the maximum allowable increase took effect as part of the plan and the Secretary subsequently

determines that the application as submitted before that date was complete.

16.9. The permitting requirements contained in subdivision 9.1.b shall not apply to a stationary source

or modification with respect to any maximum allowable increase for PM10 if: 

16.9.a. The owner or operator of the source or modification submitted an application for a permit

to the Secretary before the provisions embodying the maximum allowable increases for PM10 took effect as

part of the plan, and

16.9.b. The Secretary subsequently determines that the application as submitted before that date was

complete. Instead, the applicable requirements of subdivision 9.1.b shall apply with respect to the maximum

allowable increases for TSP as in effect on the date the application was submitted.

16.10. The requirements of subsection 9.1 shall not apply to a stationary source or modification with

respect to the national ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 in effect on March 18, 2013 if:

16.10.a. The Secretary has determined a permit application subject to this section to be complete on

or before December 14, 2012. Instead, the requirements in subsection 9.1 shall apply with respect to the

national ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 in effect at the time the Secretary determined the permit

application to be complete; or

16.10.b. The Secretary has first published before March 18, 2013 a public notice of a preliminary

determination for the permit application subject to this section. Instead, the requirements in subsection 9.1

shall apply with respect to the national ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 in effect at the time of first

publication of a public notice on the preliminary determination.

§45-14-17. Public Review Procedures.

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45CSR14

17.1. At the time that an application for a construction, modification or relocation permit is filed, the

applicant shall place a Class I legal advertisement in a newspaper of general circulation in the area where the

source will be located. No permit shall be issued to any applicant until at least thirty (30) days notice has

been provided to the public. The advertisement shall contain at a minimum, the name of the applicant, the

type and location of the source, the type and amount of air pollutants proposed to be discharged, the nature

of the permit being sought, the proposed start-up date for the source and a contact telephone number for more

information.

17.2. After finishing the review of a complete application, the Secretary shall make a preliminary

determination whether a permit should be approved, approved with conditions, or disapproved.

17.3. The Secretary shall make available in at least one location in the region in which the proposed

source would be constructed a copy of all materials the applicant submitted (excluding data entitled to

protection as confidential information under 45CSR31), a copy of the preliminary determination, and a copy

or summary of other materials, if any, considered in making the preliminary determination.

17.4. The Secretary shall place a Class I legal advertisement in a paper of general circulation in the area

where the proposed source would be constructed, modified, or relocated. The advertisement shall contain,

as a minimum, the name of the applicant, the type and location of the source, the proposed start-up date, the

preliminary determination, the degree of increment consumption that is expected from the source or

modification, notification of the opportunity for written public comment, provisions for requesting a public

meeting, details concerning the time and place of such a meeting if one is scheduled, and notification of the

opportunity for comment at a public meeting if such meeting is to be conducted. A public comment period

of thirty (30) days shall be provided and so stated in the advertisement.

17.5. The Secretary shall send a copy of the advertisement to the applicant, to the Administrator, and to

officials and agencies having cognizance over the location where the proposed construction would occur as

follows: any other State or local air pollution control agencies, the chief executives of the city and county

where the source would be located; any comprehensive regional land use planning agency, any State, and any

Federal Land Manager, whose lands may be affected by emissions from the source or modification.

17.6. The Secretary shall consider public comments submitted within thirty (30) days after the Secretary’s

public notification of an opportunity for comment upon a proposed construction or relocation of a major

stationary source or major modification, and comments submitted within a specified period not to exceed

fifteen (15) days after any public meeting to receive comment on such proposed construction, modification,

or relocation before making a final decision on the approvability of the application. The Secretary shall make

copies of all comments available for public inspection in the same locations where the Secretary made

available preconstruction information relating to the proposed source or modification.

17.7. The Secretary shall make a final determination whether construction should be approved, approved

with conditions, or disapproved.

17.8. The Secretary shall notify the applicant in writing of the final determination and make a copy of

such notification available for public inspection at the same location where the Secretary made available

preconstruction information and public comments relating to the proposed source or modification.

§45-14-18. Public Meetings.

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45CSR14

18.1. Public meetings to receive comments on permit applications shall be held when the Secretary deems

it appropriate or when substantial interest is expressed, in writing, by persons who might reasonably be

expected to be affected by the proposed major source or major modification.

18.2. The Secretary or the Secretary’s designee shall preside over such meetings and ensure that all

interested parties have ample opportunity to present comments. Such meetings shall be held at a convenient

place as near as practicable to the location of the proposed major source or major modification.

18.3. At a reasonable time prior to such meetings, the Secretary shall provide appropriate information

to news media in the area where the proposed source or modification is to be located.

§45-14-19. Permit Transfer, Cancellation and Responsibility.

19.1. A permittee may petition the Secretary for a transfer of a permit previously issued in accordance

with this rule. The Secretary shall approve such permit transfer provided the following conditions are met:

19.1.a. The permittee, in the petition, describes the reasons for the requested permit transfer and

certifies that the subject source is in compliance with all the provisions and requirements of its permit, and

19.1.b. The transferee provides written acknowledgment that it accepts and will comply with all the

requirements, terms, and conditions as contained in the subject permit.

19.2. The Secretary shall suspend or revoke a permit if, after eighteen (18) months from the date of

issuance the holder of the permit cannot provide the Secretary, at the Secretary’s request, with written proof

of a good faith effort that such construction, modification, or relocation has commenced and remains ongoing. 

Such proof shall be provided not later than thirty (30) days after the Secretary’s request.

19.3. The Secretary may suspend, modify, or revoke the permit if the plans and specifications upon which

the approval was based or the conditions established in the permit are not adhered to. Upon notice of the

Secretary’s intent to suspend, modify or revoke a permit, the permittee may request a conference with the

Secretary in accordance with the provisions of W.Va. Code §22-5-5 to show cause why the permit should not

be suspended, modified or revoked.

19.4. Any owner or operator who constructs, modifies or relocates any stationary source not in

accordance with the application submitted pursuant to this rule or with the terms of any permit to construct,

modify or relocate, or any owner or operator of a source subject to this rule who commences construction

after the effective date of this rule without applying for and receiving approval hereunder, shall be subject

to appropriate enforcement action.

19.5. Possession of a permit does not relieve any person of the responsibility of complying with any and

all rules of the Secretary or W.Va. Code § 22-1-1 et seq.

19.6. [Reserved.]

19.7. Any person who owns or operates any particular source or modification which becomes a major

stationary source or major modification solely by virtue of a relaxation in any limitation, enforceable by the

Administrator or the Secretary, on the capacity of the source or modification otherwise to emit a pollutant

(such as a restriction on hours of operation), shall become subject to the requirements of this rule as though

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construction had not yet commenced on the source or modification.

19.8. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision 19.8.f, the following specific provisions apply with

respect to any regulated NSR pollutant emitted from projects at existing emissions units at a major stationary

source (other than projects at a source with a PAL) in circumstances where there is a reasonable possibility,

within the meaning of subdivision 19.8.f, that a project that is not a part of a major modification may result

in a significant emissions increase of such pollutant, and the owner or operator elects to use the method

specified in paragraphs 2.63.a.1 through 2.63.a.3 for calculating projected actual emissions.

19.8.a. Before beginning actual construction of the project, the owner or operator shall document

and maintain a record of the following information:

19.8.a.1. A description of the proposed project;

19.8.a.2. Identification of the emissions unit(s) whose emissions of a regulated NSR pollutant could

be affected by the proposed project; and

19.8.a.3. A description of the applicability test used to determine that the proposed project is not

a major modification for any regulated NSR pollutant, including the baseline actual emissions, the projected

actual emissions, the amount of emissions excluded under paragraph 2.63.a.2 and an explanation for why such

amount was excluded, and any netting calculations, if applicable.

19.8.b. If the emissions unit is an existing electric utility steam generating unit, before beginning

actual construction, the owner or operator shall provide a copy of the information required under subdivision

19.8.a to the Secretary. Nothing in subdivision 19.8.b shall be construed to require the owner or operator of

such a unit to obtain any determination from the Secretary before beginning actual construction.

19.8.c. The owner or operator shall monitor the emissions of any regulated NSR pollutant that could

increase as a result of the project and that is emitted by any emissions unit identified in paragraph 19.8.a.1. 

The owner or operator shall calculate and maintain a record of the annual emissions, in tons per year on a

calendar year basis, for a period of 5 years following resumption of regular operations after the change, or

for a period of 10 years following resumption of regular operations after the change if the project increases

the design capacity of or potential to emit that regulated NSR pollutant at such emissions unit.

19.8.d. If the unit is an existing electric utility steam generating unit, the owner or operator shall

submit a report to the Secretary within 60 days after the end of each year during which records must be

generated under subdivision 19.8.c setting out the unit’s annual emissions during the calendar year that

preceded submission of the report.

19.8.e. If the unit is an existing unit other than an electric utility steam generating unit, the owner

or operator shall submit a report to the Secretary if the annual emissions, in tons per year, from the project

identified in subdivision 19.8.a, exceed the baseline actual emissions (as documented and maintained pursuant

to paragraph 19.8.a.3), by a significant amount (as defined in subsection 2.74) for that regulated NSR

pollutant, and if such emissions differ from the preconstruction projection as documented and maintained

pursuant to paragraph 19.8.a.3. Such report shall be submitted to the Secretary within 60 days after the end

of such year. The report shall contain the following:

19.8.e.1. The name, address and telephone number of the major stationary source;

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19.8.e.2. The annual emissions as calculated pursuant to subdivision 19.8.c; and

19.8.e.3. Any other information that the owner or operator wishes to include in the report (e.g., an

explanation as to why the emissions differ from the preconstruction projection).

19.8.f. A “reasonable possibility” under subsection 19.8 occurs when the owner or operator

calculates the project to result in either:

19.8.f.1. A projected actual emissions increase of at least 50 percent of the amount that is a

“significant emissions increase,” as defined under subsection 2.75 (without reference to the amount that is

a significant net emissions increase), for the regulated NSR pollutant; or

19.8.f.2. A projected actual emissions increase that, added to the amount of emissions excluded

under paragraph 2.63.a.3, sums to at least 50 percent of the amount that is a “significant emissions increase,”

as defined under subsection 2.75 (without reference to the amount that is a significant net emissions increase),

for the regulated NSR pollutant. For a project for which a reasonable possibility occurs only within the

meaning of this paragraph, and not also within the meaning of paragraph 19.8.f.1, then provisions under

subdivisions 19.8.b through 19.8.e do not apply to the project.

19.9. The owner or operator of the source shall make available the information required to be documented

and maintained pursuant to subsection 19.8 for review upon a request for inspection by the Secretary or the

general public pursuant to the requirements contained in 45CSR30.

§45-14-20. Disposition of Permits.

20.1. In the event that the Secretary promulgates changes to this rule or in the event of a redesignation

of an attainment or non-attainment area (in accordance with § 107 of the CAA) prior to final disposition of

a permit, the Secretary shall make final disposition of the permit application in accordance with such newly

promulgated standards or redesignation.

§45-14-21. Conflict with Other Permitting Rules.

21.1. For sources required to obtain a permit under this rule, the provisions of 45CSR13 requiring a

permit do not apply, so that only a single permit is required; provided, however, that:

21.1.a. The base permit application fee of $1,000 pursuant to 45CSR22, subdivision 3.4.a shall apply

to such sources in addition to other applicable fees; and

21.1.b. Any permit issued under this rule includes conditions that ensure compliance with the

provisions of 45CSR13 to the extent applicable to any regulated air pollutant (as defined in 45CSR13) not

otherwise covered under this rule.

21.2. For sources that may be subject to 45CSR13, 45CSR14 and/or 45CSR19, the more stringent

provisions of each applicable rule shall apply.

§45-14-22. [Reserved.]

§45-14-23. [Reserved.]

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45CSR14

§45-14-24. [Reserved].

§45-14-25. Actuals PALs.

25.1. Applicability.

25.1.a. The Secretary may approve the use of an actuals PAL for any existing major stationary

source if the PAL meets the requirements in subsections 25.1 through 25.15. The term “PAL” shall mean

“actuals PAL” throughout section 25.

25.1.b. Any physical change in or change in the method of operation of a major stationary source

that maintains its total source-wide emissions below the PAL level, meets the requirements in subsections

25.1 through 25.15, and complies with the PAL permit:

25.1.b.1. Is not a major modification for the PAL pollutant;

25.1.b.2. Does not have to be approved through the PSD program; and

25.1.b.3. Is not subject to the provisions in subsection 19.4 (restrictions on relaxing enforceable

emission limitations that the major stationary source used to avoid applicability of the major NSR program).

25.1.c. Except as provided under paragraph 25.1.b.3, a major stationary source shall continue to

comply with all applicable Federal or State requirements, emission limitations, and work practice

requirements that were established prior to the effective date of the PAL.

25.2. Definitions. -- For the purposes of this section 25, the definition in subdivision 25.2.a applies. 

When a term is not defined in these paragraphs, it shall have the meaning given in section 2 or in the CAA.

25.2.a. Allowable emissions means “allowable emissions” as defined in subsection 2.6, except as

modified according to paragraphs 25.2.a.1 and 25.2.a.2.

25.2.a.1. The allowable emissions for any emissions unit shall be calculated considering any

emission limitations that are enforceable as a practical matter on the emissions unit’s potential to emit.

25.2.a.2. An emissions unit’s potential to emit shall be determined using the definition in

subsection 2.58, except that the words “or enforceable as a practical matter” should be added after “federally

enforceable.”

25.3. Permit application requirements. -- As part of a permit application requesting a PAL, the owner or

operator of a major stationary source shall submit the following information to the Secretary for approval: 

25.3.a. A list of all emissions units at the source designated as small, significant or major based on

their potential to emit. In addition, the owner or operator of the source shall indicate which, if any, Federal

or State applicable requirements, emission limitations, or work practices apply to each unit.

25.3.b. Calculations of the baseline actual emissions (with supporting documentation). Baseline

actual emissions are to include emissions associated not only with operation of the unit, but also emissions

associated with startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

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25.3.c. The calculation procedures that the major stationary source owner or operator proposes to

use to convert the monitoring system data to monthly emissions and annual emissions based on a 12-month

rolling total for each month as required by subdivision 25.13.a.

25.4. General requirements for establishing PALs.

25.4.a. The Secretary is allowed to establish a PAL at a major stationary source, provided that at a

minimum, the requirements in paragraphs 25.4.a.1 through 25.4.a.7 are met.

25.4.a.1. The PAL shall impose an annual emission limitation in tons per year, that is enforceable

as a practical matter, for the entire major stationary source. For each month during the PAL effective period

after the first 12 months of establishing a PAL, the major stationary source owner or operator shall show that

the sum of the monthly emissions from each emissions unit under the PAL for the previous 12 consecutive

months is less than the PAL (a 12-month average, rolled monthly). For each month during the first 11 months

from the PAL effective date, the major stationary source owner or operator shall show that the sum of the

preceding monthly emissions from the PAL effective date for each emissions unit under the PAL is less than

the PAL.

25.4.a.2. The PAL shall be established in a PAL permit that meets the public participation

requirements in section 17.

25.4.a.3. The PAL permit shall contain all the requirements of subsection 25.7.

25.4.a.4. The PAL shall include fugitive emissions, to the extent quantifiable, from all emissions

units that emit or have the potential to emit the PAL pollutant at the major stationary source.

25.4.a.5. Each PAL shall regulate emissions of only one pollutant.

25.4.a.6. Each PAL shall have a PAL effective period of 10 years.

25.4.a.7. The owner or operator of the major stationary source with a PAL shall comply with the

monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements provided in subsections 25.12 through 25.14 for each

emissions unit under the PAL through the PAL effective period.

25.4.b. At no time during or after the PAL effective period are emissions reductions of a PAL

pollutant that occur during the PAL effective period creditable as decreases for purposes of offsets pursuant

to 45CSR19 unless the level of the PAL is reduced by the amount of such emissions reductions and such

reductions would be creditable in the absence of the PAL.

25.5. Public participation requirements for PALs. -- PALs for existing major stationary sources shall be

established, renewed, or increased through a procedure that is consistent with 45CSR13. This includes the

requirement that the Secretary provide the public with notice of the proposed approval of a PAL permit and

at least a 30-day period for submittal of public comment. The Secretary must address all material comments

before taking final action on the permit.

25.6. Setting the 10-year actuals PAL level.

25.6.a. Except as provided in subdivision 25.6.b, actuals PAL level for a major stationary source

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shall be established as the sum of the baseline actual emissions (as defined in subsection 2.8) of the PAL

pollutant for each emissions unit at the source; plus an amount equal to the applicable significant level for

the PAL pollutant under subsection 2.74 or under the CAA, whichever is lower. When establishing the

actuals PAL level, for a PAL pollutant, only one consecutive 24-month period must be used to determine the

baseline actual emissions for all existing emissions units. However, a different consecutive 24-month period

may be used for each different PAL pollutant. Emissions associated with units that were permanently

shutdown after this 24-month period must be subtracted from the PAL level. Emissions from units on which

actual construction began after the 24-month period must be added to the PAL level in an amount equal to

the potential to emit of the units. The Secretary shall specify a reduced PAL level(s) (in tons/yr) in the PAL

permit to become effective on the future compliance date(s) of any applicable Federal or State regulatory

requirement(s) that the Secretary is aware of prior to issuance of the PAL permit. For instance, if the source

owner or operator will be required to reduce emissions from industrial boilers in half from baseline emissions

of 60 ppm NOX to a new rule limit of 30 ppm, then the permit shall contain a future effective PAL level that

is equal to the current PAL level reduced by half of the original baseline emissions of such unit(s).

25.6.b. For newly constructed units (which do not include modifications to existing units) on which

actual construction began after the 24-month period, in lieu of adding the baseline actual emissions as

specified in subdivision 25.6.a, the emissions must be added to the PAL level in an amount equal to the

potential to emit of the units.

25.7. Contents of the PAL permit. -- The PAL permit must contain, at a minimum, the information in

subdivisions 25.7.a through 25.7.j.

25.7.a. The PAL pollutant and the applicable source-wide emission limitation in tons per year.

25.7.b. The PAL permit effective date and the expiration date of the PAL (PAL effective period).

25.7.c. Specification in the PAL permit that if a major stationary source owner or operator applies

to renew a PAL in accordance with subsection 25.10 before the end of the PAL effective period, then the PAL

shall not expire at the end of the PAL effective period. It shall remain in effect until a revised PAL permit

is issued by the Secretary.

25.7.d. A requirement that emission calculations for compliance purposes must include emissions

from startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

25.7.e. A requirement that, once the PAL expires, the major stationary source is subject to the

requirements of subsection 25.9.

25.7.f. The calculation procedures that the major stationary source owner or operator shall use to

convert the monitoring system data to monthly emissions and annual emissions based on a 12-month rolling

total as required by subdivision 25.13.a.

25.7.g. A requirement that the major stationary source owner or operator monitor all emissions units

in accordance with the provisions under subsection 25.12.

25.7.h. A requirement to retain the records required under subsection 25.13 on site. Such records

may be retained in an electronic format.

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25.7.i. A requirement to submit the reports required under subsection 25.14 by the required

deadlines.

25.7.j. Any other requirements that the Secretary deems necessary to implement and enforce the

PAL.

25.8. PAL effective period and reopening of the PAL permit. -- The requirements in subdivisions 25.8.a

and 25.8.b apply to actuals PALs.

25.8.a. PAL effective period. -- The Secretary shall specify a PAL effective period of 10 years.

25.8.b. Reopening of the PAL permit.

25.8.b.1. During the PAL effective period, the Secretary must reopen the PAL permit to:

25.8.b.1.A. Correct typographical or calculation errors made in setting the PAL or reflect a

more accurate determination of emissions used to establish the PAL;

25.8.b.1.B. Reduce the PAL if the owner or operator of the major stationary source creates

creditable emissions reductions for use as offsets pursuant to 45CSR19; and 

25.8.b.1.C. Revise the PAL to reflect an increase in the PAL as provided under subsection

25.11.

25.8.b.2. The Secretary shall have discretion to reopen the PAL permit for the following: 

25.8.b.2.A. Reduce the PAL to reflect newly applicable Federal requirements (for example,

NSPS) with compliance dates after the PAL effective date;

25.8.b.2.B. Reduce the PAL consistent with any other requirement, that is enforceable as a

practical matter, and that the State may impose on the major stationary source under the State Implementation

Plan; and 

25.8.b.2.C. Reduce the PAL if the Secretary determines that a reduction is necessary to avoid

causing or contributing to a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) or PSD increment violation,

or to an adverse impact on an air quality related value that has been identified for a Federal Class I area by

a Federal Land Manager and for which information is available to the general public.

25.8.b.3. Except for the permit reopening in subparagraph 25.8.b.1.A for the correction of

typographical/calculation errors that do not increase the PAL level, all other reopenings shall be carried out

in accordance with the public participation requirements of subsection 25.5.

25.9. Expiration of a PAL. -- Any PAL that is not renewed in accordance with the procedures in

subsection 25.10 shall expire at the end of the PAL effective period, and the requirements in subdivisions

25.9.a through 25.9.e shall apply.

25.9.a. Each emissions unit (or each group of emissions units) that existed under the PAL shall

comply with an allowable emission limitation under a revised permit established according to the procedures

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in paragraphs 25.9.a.1 and 25.9.a.2.

25.9.a.1. Within the time frame specified for PAL renewals in subdivision 25.10.b, the major

stationary source shall submit a proposed allowable emission limitation for each emissions unit (or each group

of emissions units, if such a distribution is more appropriate as decided by the Secretary) by distributing the

PAL allowable emissions for the major stationary source among each of the emissions units that existed under

the PAL. If the PAL had not yet been adjusted for an applicable requirement that became effective during

the PAL effective period, as required under subdivision 25.10.e, such distribution shall be made as if the PAL

had been adjusted.

25.9.a.2. The Secretary shall decide whether and how the PAL allowable emissions will be

distributed and issue a revised permit incorporating allowable limits for each emissions unit, or each group

of emissions units, as the Secretary determines is appropriate.

25.9.b. Each emissions unit(s) shall comply with the allowable emission limitation on a 12-month

rolling basis. The Secretary may approve the use of monitoring systems (source testing, emission factors,

etc.) other than CEMS, CERMS, PEMS, or CPMS to demonstrate compliance with the allowable emission

limitation.

25.9.c. Until the Secretary issues the revised permit incorporating allowable limits for each

emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, as required under paragraph 25.9.a.2, the source shall

continue to comply with a source-wide, multi-unit emissions cap equivalent to the level of the PAL emission

limitation.

25.9.d. Any physical change or change in the method of operation at the major stationary source will

be subject to major NSR requirements if such change meets the definition of major modification in subsection

2.40.

25.9.e. The major stationary source owner or operator shall continue to comply with any State or

Federal applicable requirements (BACT, RACT, NSPS, etc.) that may have applied either during the PAL

effective period or prior to the PAL effective period except for those emission limitations that had been

established pursuant to subsection 19.4, but were eliminated by the PAL in accordance with the provisions

in paragraph 25.1.b.3.

25.10. Renewal of a PAL. -- The Secretary shall follow the procedures specified in subsection 25.5 in

approving any request to renew a PAL for a major stationary source, and shall provide both the proposed PAL

level and a written rationale for the proposed PAL level to the public for review and comment. During such

public review, any person may propose a PAL level for the source for consideration by the Secretary.

25.10.a. Application deadline. -- A major stationary source owner or operator shall submit a timely

application to the Secretary to request renewal of a PAL. A timely application is one that is submitted at least

6 months prior to, but not earlier than 18 months from, the date of permit expiration. This deadline for

application submittal is to ensure that the permit will not expire before the permit is renewed. If the owner

or operator of a major stationary source submits a complete application to renew the PAL within this time

period, then the PAL shall continue to be effective until the revised permit with the renewed PAL is issued.

25.10.b. Application requirements. -- The application to renew a PAL permit shall contain the

information required in paragraphs 25.10.c.1 through 25.10.c.4.

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25.10.b.1. The information required in subdivisions 25.3.a through 25.3.c.

25.10.b.2. A proposed PAL level.

25.10.b.3. The sum of the potential to emit of all emissions units under the PAL (with supporting

documentation).

25.10.b.4. Any other information the owner or operator wishes the Secretary to consider in

determining the appropriate level for renewing the PAL.

25.10.c. PAL adjustment. -- In determining whether and how to adjust the PAL, the Secretary shall

consider the options outlined in paragraphs 25.10.d.1 and 25.10.d.2. However, in no case may any such

adjustment fail to comply with paragraph 25.10.d.3.

25.10.c.1. If the emissions level calculated in accordance with subsection 25.6 is equal to or

greater than 80 percent of the PAL level, the Secretary may renew the PAL at the same level without

considering the factors set forth in paragraph 25.10.d.2; or

25.10.c.2. The Secretary may set the PAL at a level that he or she determines to be more

representative of the source's baseline actual emissions, or that he or she determines to be more appropriate

considering air quality needs, advances in control technology, anticipated economic growth in the area, desire

to reward or encourage the source's voluntary emissions reductions, or other factors as specifically identified

by the Secretary in his or her written rationale.

25.10.c.3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 25.10.d.1 and 25.10.d.2:

25.10.c.3.A. If the potential to emit of the major stationary source is less than the PAL, the

Secretary shall adjust the PAL to a level no greater than the potential to emit of the source; and

25.10.c.3.B. The Secretary shall not approve a renewed PAL level higher than the current PAL,

unless the major stationary source has complied with the provisions of subsection 25.11 (increasing a PAL).

25.10.d. If the compliance date for a State or Federal requirement that applies to the PAL source

occurs during the PAL effective period, and if the Secretary has not already adjusted for such requirement,

the PAL shall be adjusted at the time of PAL permit renewal or title V permit renewal, whichever occurs first.

25.11. Increasing a PAL during the PAL effective period.

25.11.a. The Secretary may increase a PAL emission limitation only if the major stationary source

complies with the provisions in paragraphs 25.11.a.1 and 25.11.a.2.

25.11.a.1. The owner or operator of the major stationary source shall submit a complete

application to request an increase in the PAL limit for a PAL major modification. Such application shall

identify the emissions unit(s) contributing to the increase in emissions so as to cause the major stationary

source's emissions to equal or exceed its PAL.

25.11.a.2. As part of this application, the major stationary source owner or operator shall

demonstrate that the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units, plus the sum of the

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baseline actual emissions of the significant and major emissions units assuming application of BACT

equivalent controls, plus the sum of the allowable emissions of the new or modified emissions unit(s) exceeds

the PAL. The level of control that would result from BACT equivalent controls on each significant or major

emissions unit shall be determined by conducting a new BACT analysis at the time the application is

submitted, unless the emissions unit is currently required to comply with a BACT or LAER requirement that

was established within the preceding 10 years. In such a case, the assumed control level for that emissions

unit shall be equal to the level of BACT or LAER with which that emissions unit must currently comply.

25.11.a.3. The owner or operator obtains a major NSR permit for all emissions unit(s) identified

in paragraph 25.11.a.1, regardless of the magnitude of the emissions increase resulting from them (that is, no

significant levels apply). These emissions unit(s) shall comply with any emissions requirements resulting

from the major NSR process (for example, BACT), even though they have also become subject to the PAL

or continue to be subject to the PAL.

25.11.a.4. The PAL permit shall require that the increased PAL level shall be effective on the

day any emissions unit that is part of the PAL major modification becomes operational and begins to emit

the PAL pollutant.

25.11.b. The Secretary shall calculate the new PAL as the sum of the allowable emissions for each

modified or new emissions unit, plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the significant and major

emissions units (assuming application of BACT equivalent controls as determined in accordance with

paragraph 25.11.a.2), plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units.

25.11.c. The PAL permit shall be revised to reflect the increased PAL level pursuant to the public

notice requirements of subsection 25.5.

25.12. Monitoring requirements for PALs.

25.12.a. General requirements.

25.12.a.1. Each PAL permit must contain enforceable requirements for the monitoring system

that accurately determines plantwide emissions of the PAL pollutant in terms of mass per unit of time. Any

monitoring system authorized for use in the PAL permit must be based on sound science and meet generally

acceptable scientific procedures for data quality and manipulation. Additionally, the information generated

by such system must meet minimum legal requirements for admissibility in a judicial proceeding to enforce

the PAL permit.

25.12.a.2. The PAL monitoring system must employ one or more of the four general monitoring

approaches meeting the minimum requirements set forth in paragraphs 25.12.b.1 through 25.12.b.4 and must

be approved by the Secretary.

25.12.a.3. Notwithstanding paragraph 25.12.a.2, you may also employ an alternative monitoring

approach that meets paragraph 25.12.a.1 if approved by the Secretary.

25.12.a.4. Failure to use a monitoring system that meets the requirements of this rule renders the

PAL invalid.

25.12.b. Minimum performance requirements for approved monitoring approaches. The following

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are acceptable general monitoring approaches when conducted in accordance with the minimum requirements

in subdivisions 25.12.c through 25.12.i:

25.12.b.1. Mass balance calculations for activities using coatings or solvents; 

25.12.b.2. CEMS; 

25.12.b.3. CPMS or PEMS; and 

25.12.b.4. Emission factors.

25.12.c. Mass balance calculations. -- An owner or operator using mass balance calculations to

monitor PAL pollutant emissions from activities using coating or solvents shall meet the following

requirements:

25.12.c.1. Provide a demonstrated means of validating the published content of the PAL pollutant

that is contained in or created by all materials used in or at the emissions unit; 

25.12.c.2. Assume that the emissions unit emits all of the PAL pollutant that is contained in or

created by any raw material or fuel used in or at the emissions unit, if it cannot otherwise be accounted for

in the process; and 

25.12.c.3. Where the vendor of a material or fuel, which is used in or at the emissions unit,

publishes a range of pollutant content from such material, the owner or operator must use the highest value

of the range to calculate the PAL pollutant emissions unless the Secretary determines there is site-specific

data or a site-specific monitoring program to support another content within the range.

25.12.d. CEMS. An owner or operator using CEMS to monitor PAL pollutant emissions shall meet

the following requirements: 

25.12.d.1. CEMS must comply with applicable Performance Specifications found in 40 CFR Part

60, appendix B; and 

25.12.d.2. CEMS must sample, analyze and record data at least every 15 minutes while the

emissions unit is operating.

25.12.e. CPMS or PEMS. An owner or operator using CPMS or PEMS to monitor PAL pollutant

emissions shall meet the following requirements:

25.12.e.1. The CPMS or the PEMS must be based on current site-specific data demonstrating

a correlation between the monitored parameter(s) and the PAL pollutant emissions across the range of

operation of the emissions unit; and 

25.12.e.2. Each CPMS or PEMS must sample, analyze, and record data at least every 15 minutes,

or at another less frequent interval approved by the Secretary, while the emissions unit is operating.

25.12.f. Emission factors. -- An owner or operator using emission factors to monitor PAL pollutant

emissions shall meet the following requirements: 

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25.12.f.1. All emission factors shall be adjusted, if appropriate, to account for the degree of

uncertainty or limitations in the factors' development; 

25.12.f.2. The emissions unit shall operate within the designated range of use for the emission

factor, if applicable; and 

25.12.f.3. If technically practicable, the owner or operator of a significant emissions unit that

relies on an emission factor to calculate PAL pollutant emissions shall conduct validation testing to determine

a site-specific emission factor within 6 months of PAL permit issuance, unless the Secretary determines that

testing is not required.

25.12.g. A source owner or operator must record and report maximum potential emissions without

considering enforceable emission limitations or operational restrictions for an emissions unit during any

period of time that there is no monitoring data, unless another method for determining emissions during such

periods is specified in the PAL permit.

25.12.h. Notwithstanding the requirements in subdivisions 25.12.c through 25.12.g, where an owner

or operator of an emissions unit cannot demonstrate a correlation between the monitored parameter(s) and

the PAL pollutant emissions rate at all operating points of the emissions unit, the Secretary shall, at the time

of permit issuance: 

25.12.h.1. Establish default value(s) for determining compliance with the PAL based on the

highest potential emissions reasonably estimated at such operating point(s); or 

25.12.h.2. Determine that operation of the emissions unit during operating conditions when there

is no correlation between monitored parameter(s) and the PAL pollutant emissions is a violation of the PAL.

25.12.i. Re-validation. -- All data used to establish the PAL pollutant must be re-validated through

performance testing or other scientifically valid means approved by the Secretary. Such testing must occur

at least once every 5 years after issuance of the PAL.

25.13. Recordkeeping requirements.

25.13.a. The PAL permit shall require an owner or operator to retain a copy of all records necessary

to determine compliance with any requirement of section 28 and of the PAL, including a determination of

each emissions unit’s 12-month rolling total emissions, for 5 years from the date of such record.

25.13.b. The PAL permit shall require an owner or operator to retain a copy of the following records

for the duration of the PAL effective period plus 5 years:

25.13.b.1. A copy of the PAL permit application and any applications for revisions to the PAL;

and

25.13.b.2. Each annual certification of compliance pursuant to title V and the data relied on in

certifying the compliance.

25.14. Reporting and notification requirements. -- The owner or operator shall submit semi-annual

monitoring reports and prompt deviation reports to the Secretary in accordance with the applicable title V

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operating permit program. The reports shall meet the requirements in subdivisions 25.14.a through 25.14.c.

25.14.a. Semi-annual report. -- The semi-annual report shall be submitted to the Secretary within 30

days of the end of each reporting period. This report shall contain the information required in paragraphs

25.14.a.1 through 25.14.a.7.

25.14.a.1. The identification of owner and operator and the permit number.

25.14.a.2. Total annual emissions (tons/year) based on a 12-month rolling total for each month

in the reporting period recorded pursuant to subdivision 25.13.a.

25.14.a.3. All data relied upon, including, but not limited to, any Quality Assurance or Quality

Control data, in calculating the monthly and annual PAL pollutant emissions.

25.14.a.4. A list of any emissions units modified or added to the major stationary source during

the preceding 6-month period.

25.14.a.5. The number, duration, and cause of any deviations or monitoring malfunctions (other

than the time associated with zero and span calibration checks), and any corrective action taken.

25.14.a.6. A notification of a shutdown of any monitoring system, whether the shutdown was

permanent or temporary, the reason for the shutdown, the anticipated date that the monitoring system will be

fully operational or replaced with another monitoring system, and whether the emissions unit monitored by

the monitoring system continued to operate, and the calculation of the emissions of the pollutant or the

number determined by method included in the permit, as provided by subdivision 25.12.g.

25.14.a.7. A signed statement by the responsible official (as defined by the 45CSR30-2.38)

certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the information provided in the report.

25.14.b. Deviation report. -- The major stationary source owner or operator shall promptly submit

reports of any deviations or exceedance of the PAL requirements, including periods where no monitoring is

available. A report submitted pursuant to 45CSR30-5.1.c.3 shall satisfy this reporting requirement. The

deviation reports shall be submitted within the time limits prescribed by the applicable program implementing

45CSR30-5.1.c.3. The reports shall contain the following information: 

25.14.b.1. The identification of owner and operator and the permit number; 

25.14.b.2. The PAL requirement that experienced the deviation or that was exceeded; 

25.14.b.3. Emissions resulting from the deviation or the exceedance; and 

25.14.b.4. A signed statement by the responsible official (as defined by the applicable title V

operating permit program) certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the information provided in

the report.

25.14.c. Re-validation results. -- The owner or operator shall submit to the Secretary the results of

any re-validation test or method within 3 months after completion of such test or method.

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25.15. Transition requirements.

25.15.a. The Secretary may not issue a PAL that does not comply with the requirements in

subsections 25.1 through 25.15 after the effective date of EPA approval and promulgation of a revision to

the WV SIP incorporating this rule.

25.15.b. The Secretary may supersede any PAL that was established prior to the effective date of EPA

approval and promulgation of a revision to the WV SIP incorporating this rule with a PAL that complies with

the requirements of subsections 25.1 through 25.15.

§45-14-26. Inconsistency Between Rules.

26.1. In the event of any inconsistency between this rule and any other rule of the West Virginia

Department of Environmental Protection, such inconsistency shall be resolved by the determination of the

Secretary and such determination shall be based upon the application of the more stringent provision, term,

condition, method or rule.

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