`[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 222 (Monday, November 18, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 91094-91195]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-26643]



[[Page 91093]]

Vol. 89

Monday,

No. 222

November 18, 2024

Part V





Environmental Protection Agency





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40 CFR Parts 2, 98, and 99





Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: 
Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and 
Exemptions; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 89 , No. 222 / Monday, November 18, 2024 / 
Rules and Regulations  

[[Page 91094]]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 2, 98, and 99

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434; FRL-10246.1-03-OAR]
RIN 2060-AW02


Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: 
Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and 
Exemptions

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating a 
regulation to facilitate compliance with the requirements of the Waste 
Emissions Charge in the Clean Air Act's (CAA) Methane Emissions 
Reduction Program (MERP). Enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction 
Act (IRA), this program requires the EPA to impose and collect an 
annual charge on methane emissions that exceed waste emissions 
thresholds specified by Congress.

DATES: This final rule is effective January 17, 2025.

ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under 
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434. All documents in the docket are 
listed in the https://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the 
index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential 
business information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted 
material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available 
only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available 
either electronically in https://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 
the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution 
Ave. NW, Washington, DC. This Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 
4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The 
telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744 and the 
telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennifer Bohman, Climate Change 
Division, Office of Atmospheric Protection (MC-6207A), Environmental 
Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460; 
telephone number: (202) 343-9548; email address: [email protected].
    World wide web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket, 
an electronic copy of this final rule will also be available through 
the WWW. Following the Administrator's signature, a copy of this final 
rule will be posted on the EPA's Inflation Reduction Act Methane 
Emissions Reduction Program website at https://www.epa.gov/inflation-reduction-act/methane-emissions-reduction-program.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 
    Regulated entities. This final regulation affects certain owners or 
operators of facilities in certain segments of the petroleum and 
natural gas systems industry that report more than 25,000 metric tons 
(mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) pursuant to the 
requirements codified at 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 98, 
subpart W (Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems) (hereafter referred to as 
``part 98, subpart W''). Per the requirements of CAA section 136(d), 
the industry segments to which the waste emissions charge may apply are 
offshore petroleum and natural gas production, onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production, onshore natural gas processing, onshore gas 
transmission compression, underground natural gas storage, liquefied 
natural gas storage, liquefied natural gas import and export equipment, 
onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting, and onshore 
natural gas transmission pipeline. Regulated categories and entities 
include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1 of this 
preamble:

                               Table 1--Examples of Affected Entities by Category
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                                                 North American Industry
                    Category                      Classification System       Examples of affected facilities
                                                         (NAICS)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems..............                   486210  Pipeline transportation of natural
                                                                           gas.
                                                                  221210  Natural gas processing and
                                                                           transmission compression.
                                                                  211120  Crude petroleum extraction.
                                                                  211130  Natural gas extraction.
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    Table 1 of this preamble is not intended to be exhaustive, but 
rather provides a guide for readers regarding facilities likely to be 
affected by this final rule. This table lists the types of facilities 
that the EPA is now aware could potentially be affected by this action. 
Other types of facilities than those listed in the table could also be 
subject to requirements. To determine whether you would be affected by 
this action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria 
found in 40 CFR part 99, subpart A (General Provisions) and the 
applicability criteria found in 40 CFR part 98, subpart A (General 
Provisions) and subpart W (Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems). If you 
have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a 
particular facility, consult the person listed in the FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
    The EPA must collect charges from owners or operators of applicable 
facilities that both: (1) Report more than 25,000 metric tons (mt) of 
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of greenhouse gases (GHGs) 
per year pursuant to the petroleum and natural gas systems source 
category requirements of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, and (2) 
exceed methane emissions intensity thresholds set forth in CAA section 
136 for different types of applicable facilities. This final rule 
facilitates compliance with provisions of the CAA, including those 
related to netting of emissions for purposes of determining the charge 
and various exemptions to the charge; establishes confidentiality 
determinations for data elements included in waste emissions charge 
filings; and establishes filing and auditing procedures to facilitate 
compliance with the statutory requirements.
    Acronyms and abbreviations. The following acronyms and 
abbreviations are used in this document.

BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI confidential business information
CEMS continuous emission monitoring system
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CH4 methane
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent

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e-GGRT electronic Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool
EG emission guidelines
EIA Energy Information Administration
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ET Eastern time
FR Federal Register
GHG greenhouse gas
GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
GWP Global Warming Potential
IRA Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
ICR Information Collection Request
LDC local distribution company
LNG liquified natural gas
mmBtu million British thermal units
MMscf million standard cubic feet
mt metric tons
N2O nitrous oxide
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NGLs natural gas liquids
NSPS new source performance standards
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
RY reporting year
scfh standard cubic feet per hour
U.S. United States
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
VOC volatile organic compound
WEC waste emissions charge
WWW World Wide Web

Table of Contents

I. Background
    A. How is this preamble organized?
    B. Executive Summary
    C. Background and Related Actions
    D. Legal Authority
II. Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and 
Exemptions
    A. Final Definitions To Support WEC Implementation and 
Associated Revisions to Part 98, Subpart A
    B. Common Ownership or Control for Netting of Emissions
    C. Waste Emissions Thresholds
    D. Exemptions to the Waste Emissions Charge
III. General Requirements of the Final Rule
    A. WEC Filing Requirements
    B. Remittance and Assessment of WEC
    C. Authorizing the Designated Representative
    D. General Recordkeeping Requirements
    E. General Provisions, Including Auditing and Compliance and 
Enforcement
    F. Other Final Minor Revisions or Clarifications
IV. Final Confidentiality Determinations for Certain Data Reporting 
Elements
    A. Overview and Background
    B. Final Confidentiality Determinations for New Data Elements
    C. Final Amendments to 40 CFR Part 2
    D. Final Reporting Determinations for Inputs to Emission 
Equations
    E. Changes to Confidentiality Determinations for Data Elements 
Reported Under Subpart W
V. Impacts of the Final Rule
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and 
Executive Order 14094: Modernizing Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect 
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations and Executive Order 14096: Revitalizing our Nation's 
Commitment to Environmental Justice for All
    K. Congressional Review Act
    L. Judicial Review
    M. Determination under CAA Section 307(d)
    N. Severability

I. Background

A. How is this preamble organized?

    This first section (section I) of this preamble contains background 
information regarding the final rule. This section also discusses the 
EPA's legal authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA) to promulgate 
implementing regulations for aspects of the waste emissions charge, 
codified at 40 CFR part 99 (hereafter referred to as ``part 99''). 
Section I of the preamble also discusses the EPA's legal authority to 
make confidentiality determinations for new data elements included in 
waste emissions charge filings (WEC filings) required by the final 
rule. Section II. of this preamble contains detailed information on the 
provisions in this final rule to facilitate implementation of CAA 
section 136(c) through (g), in particular the netting and exemption 
provisions. Section II. of this preamble also contains information on 
the revisions to 40 CFR part 98, subpart A to harmonize part 99 and 
part 98 reporting obligations. Section III. of this preamble describes 
the general requirements for the final rule, including procedures to 
facilitate filing and compliance. Section IV. of this preamble 
discusses the final confidentiality determinations for new data 
reporting elements for the proposed part 99 and also discusses 
confidentiality determinations for two data elements reported under 
part 98, subpart W. Section V. of this preamble discusses the impacts 
of this action. Section VI. of this preamble describes the statutory 
and Executive order requirements applicable to this final action.

B. Executive Summary

    In August 2022, Congress passed, and President Biden signed, the 
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) into law. Section 60113 of the 
IRA created the Methane Emission Reduction Program (MERP) and amended 
the Clean Air Act (CAA) by adding section 136, ``Methane Emissions and 
Waste Reduction Incentive Program for Petroleum and Natural Gas 
Systems''. CAA section 136, as designed by Congress, establishes a 
three-part framework to help States, industry, and communities reduce 
methane (CH4) emissions from the oil and gas sector. It 
further complemented a recently finalized rule under section 111 of the 
CAA (that was proposed at the time the Inflation Reduction Act was 
passed) to reduce methane emissions from new and existing oil and gas 
facilities. Oil and natural gas facilities are the nation's largest 
industrial source of methane, a greenhouse gas (GHG) that is 28 times 
more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2) and is responsible for 
approximately one third of all warming resulting from anthropogenic 
emissions of greenhouse gases.\1\ The three-part framework established 
by Congress in CAA section 136 addresses these emissions by: (1) 
directing the EPA to impose and collect a ``Waste Emissions Charge'' 
(WEC) on methane emissions from high-emitting and inefficient oil and 
gas operations; (2) directing the EPA to update subpart W of the 
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program to ensure accurate reporting of 
methane emissions by oil and natural gas facilities that is based on 
empirical data; and (3) providing over $1 billion in financial and 
technical assistance to assist the industry, States, and communities in 
deploying methane mitigation and monitoring solutions. By implementing 
provisions of the WEC, this final rule helps to fulfill one of the 
pillars of this three-part framework. As Congress intended, the WEC, 
including the provisions finalized in this final rule, will incentivize 
a variety of near-term actions to reduce methane emissions from oil and 
natural gas operations while the EPA and States

[[Page 91096]]

work to implement the EPA's recently finalized CAA section 111 methane 
standards.
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    \1\ IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 
2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to 
the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. 
Connors, C. P[eacute]an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, 
M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. 
Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek[ccedil]i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou 
(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and 
New York, NY, USA, pp. 3-32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.
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    This action is also intended to work hand-in-hand with the other 
two elements of the CAA section 136 framework. Earlier this year, the 
EPA finalized a rule (89 FR 42062, May 14, 2024) (hereafter referred to 
as the ``2024 Subpart W Final Rule'') that fulfills Congress's 
directive in CAA section 136 to improve the reporting of GHG emissions 
under subpart W of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program and ensure that 
oil and gas facilities' reporting requirements are based on empirical 
data and more accurately reflect emissions. Because CAA section 136 
requires that the EPA utilize subpart W emissions reports as the basis 
for determining the applicability of the WEC and calculating WEC 
obligations for owners and operators of applicable facilities, the 
EPA's recent revisions to subpart W are an important adjunct to this 
final rule that will ensure WEC obligations are based on the most 
accurate and comprehensive emissions data available. In addition, to 
implement the third part of the CAA section 136 framework, the EPA is 
partnering with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide up to 
$1.36 billion in financial and technical assistance to a broad range of 
stakeholders to identify, measure, and mitigate emissions from the oil 
and gas sector. As described in section I.C.2. of this preamble, the 
EPA and its partners are acting expeditiously to award this funding 
through a combination of formula and competitive grant processes. These 
funds will accelerate the deployment of methane monitoring and 
mitigation technologies that will reduce methane emissions from oil and 
natural gas facilities and, potentially, help reduce or eliminate WEC 
obligations for certain applicable facilities by lowering their 
emissions intensity.
    The WEC final rule requirements in this action are designed to meet 
Congress's directive to provide an incentive for the early adoption of 
methane emission reduction practices and technologies, including those 
that are required under the Standards of Performance for New, 
Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for 
Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review (NSPS/EG), 
which Congress expected to be promulgated pursuant to CAA section 111 
at the time it created the WEC. CAA section 136 makes this connection 
to the oil and gas methane emission standards clear by including an 
exemption from the charge for operations that are subject to and in 
compliance with final methane emissions requirements promulgated 
pursuant to CAA sections 111(b) and (d). The WEC is thus an important 
piece of a comprehensive national strategy established by Congress via 
the IRA to reduce methane emissions. The WEC advances the reduction of 
methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by providing for sources 
covered under the CAA section 111 rules a set of emissions reduction 
incentives that are in effect until full implementation of oil and gas 
methane emissions standards promulgated by the EPA on March 8, 2024. 
Those standards were, as Congress specifically acknowledged via 
explicit reference in the IRA, under development at the time the WEC 
was enacted. For methane emissions sources not covered by the CAA 
section 111 rules, the emission reduction incentives created by the WEC 
remain in place after full implementation of the CAA section 111 
methane standards.
    On January 26, 2024, the EPA proposed a regulation to facilitate 
implementation of the provisions of the WEC, following the requirements 
of CAA section 136(c)-(g) (89 FR 5318). The WEC program applies to 
applicable facilities that report more than 25,000 mt CO2e 
of greenhouse gases emitted per year pursuant to the Greenhouse Gas 
Reporting Rule's requirements for the petroleum and natural gas systems 
source category (codified as 40 CFR part 98, subpart W).\2\ An 
applicable facility, as defined in CAA section 136(d), is a facility 
within the following industry segments (as the following industry 
segments are defined in part 98, subpart W): onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production, offshore petroleum and natural gas production, 
onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting, onshore 
natural gas processing, onshore gas transmission compression, onshore 
natural gas transmission pipeline, underground natural gas storage, 
liquefied natural gas import and export equipment, and liquefied 
natural gas storage.\3\
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    \2\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(c) (``The Administrator shall impose and 
collect a charge on methane emissions that exceed an applicable 
waste emissions threshold under subsection (f) from an owner or 
operator of an applicable facility that reports more than 25,000 
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases emitted 
per year pursuant to of part 98 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations, regardless of the reporting threshold under that 
subpart.'').
    \3\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(d).
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    CAA section 136 defines three important elements of the WEC 
program: (1) waste emissions thresholds; (2) netting of emissions 
across different facilities; and (3) exemptions for certain emissions 
and facilities. Facilities may owe a WEC obligation if their subpart W 
reported emissions exceed the waste emissions thresholds specified in 
CAA section 136(f) and they are not eligible for an exemption.\4\ The 
waste emissions threshold is a facility-specific amount of metric tons 
of methane emissions calculated using the methane intensity thresholds 
specified by Congress in CAA section 136(f)(1) through (3) and a 
facility's natural gas throughput (or oil throughput in certain 
circumstances).
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    \4\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(1)-(3).
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    Congress specifically laid out certain requirements in the text of 
the statute. The waste emissions charge is specified in CAA section 
136(e) to begin for emissions occurring in 2024 at $900 per metric ton 
of methane exceeding the threshold, increasing to $1,200 per metric ton 
of methane in 2025, and to $1,500 per metric ton of methane in 2026 and 
subsequent years. The WEC only applies to the subset of a facility's 
emissions that are above the waste emissions threshold.
    Congress structured the WEC so that it focuses on high-emitting and 
inefficient oil and gas facilities (i.e., those with emissions greater 
than 25,000 mt CO2e of greenhouse gases emitted per year and 
that have a methane emissions intensity in excess of the statutory 
waste emissions threshold). Facility efficiency, reflected in the 
amount of methane emissions per unit of production or throughput, can 
directly affect a facility's WEC obligations since more efficient 
facilities have emissions below the thresholds at which facilities are 
required to pay a charge. The WEC therefore incentivizes more efficient 
operations because the charge applies only to the least efficient and 
most wasteful of oil and gas facilities (and only to the subset of 
their emissions that exceed thresholds and are not exempt). CAA section 
136(f)(4) allows facilities subject to the WEC that are under common 
ownership or control to net emissions across those facilities, which 
could result in a reduced total charge, or avoidance of the charge.\5\
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    \5\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(4) (``In calculating the total emissions 
charge obligation for facilities under common ownership or control, 
the Administrator shall allow for the netting of emissions by 
reducing the total obligation to account for facility emissions 
levels that are below the applicable thresholds within and across 
all applicable segments identified in subsection (d).'').
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    In addition, Congress created three exemptions that may lower a 
facility's WEC obligation or exempt the facility entirely from the 
charge. The first exemption, found in CAA section 136(f)(5), exempts 
from the charge

[[Page 91097]]

emissions occurring at facilities in the onshore or offshore petroleum 
and natural gas production industry segments that are caused by 
eligible delays in environmental permitting of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure.\6\ The second exemption, found in CAA 
section 136(f)(6), exempts from the charge, if certain conditions are 
met, those facilities that are subject to and in compliance with final 
methane emissions requirements promulgated pursuant to CAA sections 
111(b) and (d).\7\ This exemption becomes available only if a 
determination is made by the Administrator that such final requirements 
are approved and in effect in all States with respect to the applicable 
facilities, and that the emissions reductions resulting from those 
final requirements will achieve equivalent or greater emission 
reductions as would have resulted from the EPA's methane emissions 
requirements proposed in 2021.\8\ The third exemption, found in CAA 
section 136(f)(7), exempts from the charge reporting year emissions 
from wells that are permanently shut in and plugged.\9\
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    \6\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(5) (``Charges shall not be imposed 
pursuant to paragraph (1) on emissions that exceed the waste 
emissions threshold specified in such paragraph if such emissions 
are caused by unreasonable delay, as determined by the 
Administrator, in environmental permitting of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure necessary for offtake of increased 
volume as a result of methane emissions mitigation 
implementation.'').
    \7\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(6) (``Charges shall not be imposed 
pursuant to subsection (c) on an applicable facility that is subject 
to and in compliance with methane emissions requirements pursuant to 
subsections (b) and (d) of section 7411 of this title upon a 
determination by the Administrator that--(i) methane emissions 
standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 
7411 of this title have been approved and are in effect in all 
States with respect to the applicable facilities; and (ii) 
compliance with the requirements described in clause (i) will result 
in equivalent or greater emissions reductions as would be achieved 
by the proposed rule of the Administrator entitled ``Standards of 
Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and 
Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas 
Sector Climate Review'' (86 FR 63110 (November 15, 2021)), if such 
rule had been finalized and implemented.'').
    \8\ Id.
    \9\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(7) (``Charges shall not be imposed with 
respect to the emissions rate from any well that has been 
permanently shut-in and plugged in the previous year in accordance 
with all applicable closure requirements, as determined by the 
Administrator.'').
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    As a result of these key design features of the WEC, the EPA 
anticipates that many facilities in the oil and natural gas sector will 
not be subject to WEC obligations. Many oil and natural gas facilities 
already fall below the annual emissions threshold and waste emissions 
thresholds that would cause them to be subject to the WEC, or are 
likely to avail themselves of the netting provisions in this final rule 
to reduce or eliminate WEC obligations. Further, as the EPA and States 
implement the CAA section 111 2024 Final NSPS/EG for new and existing 
sources, many oil and natural gas facilities are likely to qualify for 
the regulatory compliance exemption. The CAA section 111 2024 Final 
NSPS/EG as well as the financial and technical assistance the EPA is 
administering under section 136 of the CAA, are also expected to drive 
methane emission reductions that will help applicable facilities reduce 
or eliminate their WEC obligations. The charge, then, will primarily 
serve as an incentive, particularly to high-emitting and inefficient 
facilities, to reduce their emissions of methane.
    The EPA received over 50,000 comments in response to the proposal. 
After consideration of the public comments, the EPA has made several 
changes in this final rule that are described in section I.B. and in 
sections II. and III. of this preamble. While some of these changes 
represent a meaningful shift from the proposed approach, all changes 
were within the scope of notice provided through the EPA's request for 
comment, and discussion, at proposal. Moreover, these changes result in 
a final rule that better aligns with the statutory purpose and 
structure of the WEC. Specifically, the final rule is designed to 
achieve several goals: (1) Provide a strong incentive for early action 
to reduce methane by States, companies, and facilities, as Congress 
directed; (2) appropriately implement the exemptions specified by 
Congress; (3) give additional clarity to regulated entities; and (4) 
streamline implementation. By harmonizing the WEC regulations with 
implementation of the CAA section 111 requirements, this final rule 
encourages early emissions reductions and reduces the WEC burden on 
facilities that are in compliance with applicable CAA section 111 
requirements. Furthermore, this final rule aims to increase flexibility 
so that accessing the exemptions created by Congress is not unduly 
restrictive, while still maintaining the integrity of the program. 
Finally, this rulemaking allows for expanded netting compared to the 
proposal while providing more specificity on the conditions under which 
netting may occur to minimize the potential for fraud.
    The EPA is revising the regulatory compliance exemption in response 
to the many commenters that suggested changes to better align with 
Congress' purpose to incentivize States to move promptly toward full 
implementation of the CAA section 111 program, and to motivate 
regulated facilities to achieve emissions reductions as quickly as 
possible. This Congressional intent is illustrated in the language of 
the law and in the suite of incentives for expeditious methane 
emissions reductions it creates. The principal change to the regulatory 
compliance exemption in this final rule addresses when the exemption 
becomes available. The EPA concludes that allowing the exemption to be 
available for each State once it has fully implemented the methane 
emissions requirements promulgated pursuant to CAA sections 111(b) and 
(d), rather than all at once after the last State's plans are approved, 
is both a better reading of the law and has greater fidelity to the 
Congressional purpose. Industry commenters emphasized that a State-by-
State approach would incentivize States to move quickly to develop and 
submit approvable State plans implementing the section 111 emissions 
guidelines, furthering Congress's intent in enacting the compliance 
exemption. Making the compliance exemption available to facilities in a 
State as soon as all CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities within that 
State are subject to all of their applicable methane emissions 
requirements will provide an incentive for every State to move 
expeditiously, and avoid delays in effectuating the compliance 
exemption that might occur if the slowest State sets the pace. At the 
same time, to fully implement Congress' intention that the WEC serve as 
a mechanism for incentivizing emissions reductions until sources begin 
to comply with all of their emissions control obligations, the final 
rule provides that the regulatory compliance exemption becomes 
available in each State only after sources are required to comply with 
all of their State plan requirements. As described in more detail in 
section II.D.2. of this preamble, these changes ensure the regulatory 
compliance exemption reflects the facts on the ground for facilities 
operating in each State, while tying the exemption to the date actual 
emissions reductions are achieved as Congress intended.
    In response to the information provided in comments, the EPA is 
also finalizing other changes to the regulatory compliance exemption 
that help ensure the WEC and the CAA section 111 rules work together as 
intended. As noted by commenters, it is important that the WEC 
incentivize early action before compliance deadlines and then relieve 
from the charge those facilities operating in compliance with the CAA 
section 111 rules. In this final rule, as many

[[Page 91098]]

commenters suggested, the EPA is limiting the types of noncompliance 
that would cause a facility to lose the regulatory compliance 
exemption, reducing the timeframe for which the exemption would be lost 
in the event of noncompliance, and narrowing the scope of emissions 
that would lose the exemption in the event of noncompliance for 
facilities in segments with unique, basin-wide facility definitions. 
The final rule will thereby create a stronger incentive for facilities 
to meet the requirements of the CAA section 111 rules while making the 
regulatory compliance exemption more accessible.
    To reflect comments persuasively suggesting that a more expansive 
approach to netting would reflect a better reading of the legislative 
text, the final rule changes the approach from the proposal to apply 
netting to encompass facilities under common ownership or control at 
the parent company level. One of the key provisions of the WEC created 
in CAA section 136(f) relates to the ability of facilities under common 
ownership or control to net emissions, such that facilities with 
emissions below the waste emissions threshold can offset emissions from 
facilities above the threshold to reduce the overall WEC burden. The 
EPA proposed that a facility's owner or operator would be the regulated 
entity under WEC as well as the entity used for netting of emissions 
across facilities under common ownership or control. As commenters 
highlighted, the text of section 136(f) suggests Congress supported 
broad application of netting, and commenters also noted that broader 
application of netting may help incentivize emission reductions by 
allowing companies to take advantage of cost-effective reduction 
opportunities across their entire operations rather than being limited 
by reductions that can be achieved across a smaller number of 
facilities. The EPA received significant comments that restricting the 
netting provisions to the owner or operator was inconsistent with the 
intent of the provision, since parent companies both own and control 
subsidiaries. As described in more detail in section II.B.1., the final 
regulations continue to define a facility's owner or operator as the 
regulated entity under WEC (i.e., responsible for the payment of the 
WEC), consistent with CAA section 136(c). However, these final 
regulations reflect that the best reading of the statute entails a 
broader interpretation of the term ``common ownership or control,'' and 
so the final rule expands the use of netting to the parent company 
level by allowing owners and operators with a common parent to transfer 
negative emissions amongst each other. This approach of maintaining the 
WEC regulatory obligations at the owner and operator level, while 
allowing the transfer of negative emissions or ``netting'' across 
owners and operators with a common parent, reconciles the difference in 
statutory language in CAA sections 136(c) and 136(f).
    The EPA is also making a number of changes to improve the 
implementation of the WEC in response to logistical and feasibility 
concerns raised in response to the proposal. For example, the EPA is 
specifying WEC filing and resubmittal deadlines of August 31 and 
December 15, respectively. These dates are later than the proposed 
deadlines, thereby allowing for more accurate reporting prior to WEC 
submission, reducing the number of resubmissions and corrections, and 
reducing overall burden.
    In this final rule, the EPA is also making modifications to the 
implementation of the unreasonable delay and plugged well exemptions, 
as well as revisions to definitions and calculations to support the 
finalized rule. We are also finalizing revisions to 40 CFR part 98, 
subpart A (general provisions) for all facilities that report under 
subpart W to harmonize reporting responsibilities in part 98 with the 
reporting responsibilities and WEC obligation in part 99 such that 
responsibility to report and resubmit reports under part 98 if errors 
are identified in the part 98 report align with the obligated party 
under part 99. The final provisions of part 99 and part 98 under this 
rulemaking are described in further detail in sections II. and III. of 
this preamble.

C. Background and Related Actions

    Congress designed the WEC to work in tandem with several related 
EPA programs. Together, these actions are expected to greatly reduce 
methane emissions. This section discusses the impacts of methane on 
public health and welfare and provides more details on the EPA programs 
relevant to methane emissions from oil and gas systems.
1. How does methane affect public health and welfare?
    Elevated concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) including 
methane have been warming the planet, leading to harmful changes in the 
Earth's climate that are occurring at a pace and in a way that 
threatens human health, our economy and infrastructure, and the natural 
environment, both in the United States (U.S.) and at a global level. 
While the EPA is not statutorily required to make any particular 
scientific or factual findings regarding the impact of GHG emissions on 
public health and welfare in support of the WEC, the EPA is providing 
in this section a brief scientific background on methane and climate 
change to offer additional context for this rulemaking and to help the 
public understand the environmental impacts of GHGs such as 
methane.\10\
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    \10\ The EPA did not and is not reopening previous 
determinations regarding endangerments to public health and welfare 
in providing this background in this rulemaking.
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    As a GHG, methane in the atmosphere absorbs terrestrial infrared 
radiation, which in turn contributes to increased global warming and 
continuing climate change, including increases in air and ocean 
temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, retreating snow and 
ice, increasingly severe weather events, such as hurricanes of greater 
intensity, and sea level rise, among other impacts. Methane also 
contributes to climate change through chemical reactions in the 
atmosphere that produce tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water 
vapor. In 2023, atmospheric concentrations of methane increased by 
nearly 11 parts per billion (ppb) over 2022 levels to reach 1922 
ppb.\11\ Concentrations are now more than two and a half times larger 
than the preindustrial level of 729 ppb.\12\ Methane is responsible for 
about one third of all warming resulting from human emissions of well-
mixed GHGs,\13\ and due to its high radiative efficiency compared to 
carbon dioxide, methane mitigation is one of the best opportunities for 
reducing near-term warming. In the U.S., the oil and gas sector is the 
largest source of industrial methane emissions.\14\
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    \11\ NOAA, https://gml.noaa.gov/webdata/ccgg/trends/ch4/ch4_annmean_gl.txt. Accessed 8/22/24.
    \12\ Blunden, J. and T. Boyer, Eds., 2022: ``State of the 
Climate in 2021.'' Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103 (8), Si-S465, 
https://doi.org/10.1175/2022BAMSStateoftheClimate.1, 103 (8), Si-
S465, https://doi.org/10.1175/2022BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
    \13\ IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 
2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to 
the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. 
Connors, C. P[eacute]an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, 
M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. 
Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek[ccedil]i, R. Yu, and B. Zhou 
(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and 
New York, NY, USA, pp. 3-32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.
    \14\ EPA (2024). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and 
Sinks: 1990-2022 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 430R-
24004. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2022.

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[[Page 91099]]

    Major scientific assessments continue to be released that further 
advance our understanding of the climate system and the impacts that 
methane and other GHGs have on public health and welfare both for 
current and future generations. According to the Intergovernmental 
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report, ``it is 
unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and 
land. Widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere 
and biosphere have occurred.'' \15\ Recent EPA modeling efforts \16\ 
have also shown that impacts from these changes are projected to vary 
regionally within the U.S. For example, large damages are projected 
from sea level rise in the Southeast, wildfire smoke in the Western 
U.S., and impacts to agricultural crops and rail and road 
infrastructure in the Midwest and Northern Plains. Scientific 
assessments, the EPA analyses, and updated observations and projections 
document the rapid rate of current and future climate change and the 
potential range impacts both globally and in the United States,\17\ 
presenting clear support regarding the current and future dangers of 
climate change and the importance of GHG emissions mitigation. The 
Methane Emissions Reduction Program is intended to respond to and 
mitigate these impacts by improving availability of and access to 
monitoring and emission reduction technologies and incentivizing 
methane emissions reductions from oil and gas systems.
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    \15\ Id.
    \16\ (1) EPA. 2024. Technical Documentation on the Framework for 
Evaluating Damages and Impacts (FrEDI). U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, EPA 430-R-24-001.
    (2) Hartin C., E.E. McDuffie, K. Novia, M. Sarofim, B. Parthum, 
J. Martinich, S. Barr, J. Neumann, J. Willwerth, & A. Fawcett. 
Advancing the estimation of future climate impacts within the United 
States. EGUsphere doi: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-114, 2023.
    \17\ (1) USGCRP, 2023: Fifth National Climate Assessment. 
Crimmins, A.R., C.W. Avery, D.R. Easterling, K.E. Kunkel, B.C. 
Stewart, and T.K. Maycock, Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 
Washington, DC, USA. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA5.2023.
    (2) IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 
2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to 
the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. 
Connors, C. Pe[acute]an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, 
M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. 
Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek[ccedil]i, R. Yu and B. Zhou 
(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press.
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2. Related Actions
    Congress designed the WEC to work in tandem with several related 
EPA programs, in particular the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program and 
the CAA section 111 requirements. As mandated by CAA section 136(c) and 
(d), the scope and effect of the WEC is closely related to the EPA's 
long-standing Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program requirements for oil and 
natural gas facilities, which are codified in subpart W of the EPA's 
GHGRP regulations. Specifically, the applicability of the WEC is based 
upon the quantity of metric tons of CO2e emitted per year 
pursuant to the requirements of subpart W. Further, CAA section 136(e) 
requires that the WEC amount be calculated based upon methane emissions 
reported pursuant to subpart W. In order to ensure that WEC charges are 
based on methane emissions data that is as accurate and comprehensive 
as possible, section 136(h) further required the EPA to undertake a 
rulemaking to review and revise subpart W as necessary to ensure that 
reporting is ``based on empirical data,'' ``accurately reflect[s] the 
total methane emissions and waste emissions from applicable 
facilities,'' and ``allow[s] owners and operators of applicable 
facilities to submit empirical emissions data.'' As a result, this 
final action builds upon previous subpart W rulemakings.
    In the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule, the EPA finalized revisions to 
subpart W consistent with the authority and directives set forth in CAA 
section 136(h) as well as the EPA's authority under CAA section 114. In 
that rulemaking, the EPA finalized revisions to require reporting of 
additional emissions or emissions sources to address potential gaps in 
the total methane emissions reported by facilities to subpart W. For 
example, these revisions added a new emissions source, referred to as 
``other large release events,'' to capture large emission events that 
are not accurately accounted for using the existing methods in subpart 
W.\18\ See section II.B. of the preamble to the 2024 Subpart W Final 
Rule (89 FR 42062) for more information on this source category. The 
emissions from these events and other newly added sources are required 
to be included in the total emissions reported under subpart W starting 
with reporting year 2025. The EPA also finalized revisions to add or 
revise existing calculation methodologies to improve the accuracy of 
reported emissions, incorporate additional empirical data, and allow 
owners and operators of applicable facilities to submit empirical 
emissions data that could appropriately demonstrate the extent to which 
a charge is owed in implementation of CAA section 136, as directed by 
CAA section 136(h). The EPA also finalized revisions to existing 
reporting requirements to collect data that will improve verification 
of reported data, ensure accurate reporting of emissions, and improve 
the transparency of reported data. For clarity of discussion within 
this preamble, unless otherwise stated, references to provisions of 
subpart W (i.e., 40 CFR 98.230 through 98.238) reflect the language of 
that subpart as effective January 1, 2025.
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    \18\ As defined at 40 CFR 98.238, effective January 1, 2025, an 
other large release event means any planned or unplanned 
uncontrolled release to the atmosphere of gas, liquids, or mixture 
thereof, from wells and/or other equipment that result in emissions 
for which there are no methodologies in 40 CFR 98.233 other than 
under 40 CFR 98.233(y) to appropriately estimate these emissions. 
Other large release events include, but are not limited to, well 
blowouts, well releases, pressure relief valve releases from process 
equipment other than hydrocarbon liquids storage tanks, storage tank 
cleaning and other maintenance activities, and releases that occur 
as a result of an accident, equipment rupture, fire, or explosion. 
Other large release events also include failure of equipment or 
equipment components such that a single equipment leak or release 
has emissions that exceed the emissions calculated for that source 
using applicable methods in 40 CFR 98.233(a) through (h), (j) 
through (s), (w), (x), (dd), or (ee) by the threshold in 40 CFR 
98.233(y)(1)(ii). Other large release events do not include 
blowdowns for which emissions are calculated according to the 
provisions in 40 CFR 98.233(i).
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    Under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, the EPA also finalized 
a separate rule (89 FR 31802, April 25, 2024), which included updates 
to the General Provisions of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule to 
reflect revised global warming potentials (GWPs), reporting of GHG data 
from additional sectors (i.e., non-subpart W sectors), and revisions to 
source categories other than subpart W that improve implementation of 
the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. The revision to the GWP of methane 
(from 25 to 28) is expected to lead to a small increase in the number 
of facilities (<188 facilities) \19\ that exceed the subpart W 25,000 
mt CO2e threshold and thus become subject to the part 99 
requirements. This final Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program rule is not 
expected to otherwise impact subpart W reporting requirements as they 
pertain to the applicability or implementation of the part 99 
requirements.
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    \19\ In the 2024 Final GHGRP Rule, the EPA estimated that 188 
additional facilities would be subject to subpart W due to the 
increase in GWP. However, many of these facilities would also report 
under other subparts, such as subpart C, and for some of these 
facilities, reported emissions to subpart W will be below the WEC 
applicable threshold of 25,000 metric tons CO2e.
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    Separately, on November 15, 2021 (86 FR 63110), the EPA proposed 
under CAA section 111(b) standards of performance regulating GHGs (in 
the

[[Page 91100]]

form of limitations on emissions of methane) and volatile organic 
compounds (VOCs) for certain new, reconstructed, and modified sources 
in the oil and natural gas source category (proposed as 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart OOOOb) (hereafter referred to as ``NSPS OOOOb''), as well as 
emissions guidelines regulating emissions of methane under CAA section 
111(d) for certain existing oil and natural gas sources (proposed as 40 
CFR part 60, subpart OOOOc) (hereafter referred to as ``EG OOOOc''). 
The November 15, 2021 proposal (covering both NSPS OOOOb and EG 
OOOOc)--which Congress explicitly referred to in section 136(f)(6)--
will be referred to hereafter as the ``2021 NSPS/EG Proposal.'' The 
2021 NSPS/EG Proposal sought to strengthen standards of performance 
previously in effect under section 111(b) of the CAA for new, modified 
and reconstructed oil and natural gas sources, and to establish 
emissions guidelines under section 111(d) of the CAA for States to 
follow in developing plans to establish standards of performance for 
existing oil and natural gas sources.
    On December 6, 2022, the EPA issued a supplemental proposal to 
update, strengthen, and expand upon the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal (87 FR 
74702). This supplemental proposal modified certain standards proposed 
in the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal and added proposed requirements for 
sources not previously covered.\20\ Among other things, the 
supplemental proposal sought to encourage the deployment of innovative 
and advanced monitoring technologies by establishing more flexible 
performance requirements than the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, and also 
included provisions to establish a process for certified expert 
monitoring to identify ``super-emitters'' for prompt mitigation.
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    \20\ Examples of some of the changes the 2022 Supplemental 
proposed included proposed requirements that all well sites are 
monitored for leaks, requirements to ensure the proper operation of 
flares, zero-emission requirement for process controllers and pumps, 
standards for dry seal centrifugal compressors, and a super-emitter 
response program, among other things.
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    On March 8, 2024, the final NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc rules 
(hereafter referred to as the ``2024 Final NSPS/EG'') were published in 
the Federal Register (89 FR 16820). First, the EPA finalized NSPS OOOOb 
regulating methane and VOCs emissions from new, modified, and 
reconstructed sources in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas source category 
pursuant to CAA section 111(b)(1)(B). Second, the EPA finalized 
emission guidelines, including presumptive standards in EG OOOOc that 
would limit methane emissions from existing sources in the Crude Oil 
and Natural Gas source category, as well as requirements under the CAA 
section 111(d) for States to follow in developing, submitting, and 
implementing State plans to establish performance standards.\21\ Among 
other things, the final rule strengthens standards, phases out routine 
flaring of natural gas from new oil wells, requires all well sites and 
compressor stations to be routinely monitored for leaks, requires 
storage vessels to reduce emissions by 95 percent, sets standards for 
certain facilities that have not been previously regulated, and 
provides companies greater flexibility to use innovative and cost-
effective methane detection technologies. It will also utilize data 
collected by certified third parties to identify and address ``super 
emitting'' sources and eliminate or minimize emissions from common 
pieces of equipment used in oil and gas operations such as process 
controllers, pumps, and storage tanks.
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    \21\ In this action, the EPA also finalized several related 
actions stemming from the joint resolution of Congress, adopted on 
June 30, 2021, under the CRA, disapproving the 2020 Policy Rule, and 
also finalized a protocol under the general provisions for use of 
Optical Gas Imaging.
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    Congress envisioned a strong connection between EPA programs for 
methane emissions from oil and gas systems. The 2024 Final NSPS/EG is 
relevant to this WEC final rule in two ways: first, implementation of 
the CAA section 111(b) and (d) standards will help drive methane 
emissions reductions that can help many facilities achieve methane 
emission levels that are below the thresholds specified by Congress 
(described in section II.B. of this preamble), thereby enabling 
applicable facilities to reduce or avoid charges under the WEC program; 
and second, compliance with the CAA section 111(b) and (d) standards 
may (if certain criteria are met) exempt facilities from the WEC under 
the regulatory compliance exemption outlined at CAA section 136(f)(6) 
(discussed in section II.D.2. of this preamble). The WEC thus serves as 
an important bridge and backstop to the full implementation of the 2024 
Final NSPS/EG, and an additional incentive thereafter to continue to 
comply with the CAA section 111 rules.
    In addition to creating the WEC and directing the EPA to revise 
subpart W, Congress also established the MERP under section 136 of the 
CAA to provide financial and technical assistance to reduce methane 
emissions from the oil and gas sector. To implement this program, the 
EPA is partnering with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide 
up to $1.36 billion in financial and technical assistance. On December 
15, 2023, the EPA and the DOE announced the award of $350 million in 
formula grant funding to 14 States help measure and reduce methane 
emissions, supporting industry efforts to cut methane emissions from 
low-producing, marginal conventional wells on non-Federal lands and 
support environmental restoration of well sites. On June 21, 2024, the 
EPA and the DOE announced the availability of $850 million in federal 
funding to help measure and reduce methane emissions from the oil and 
gas sectors. This competitive solicitation will enable a broad range of 
eligible U.S. entities to apply, including industry, academia, non-
governmental organizations, Tribes, State and local government, and 
others. As designed by Congress, these resources and incentives were 
intended to complement the regulatory programs and to help facilitate 
the transition to a more efficient petroleum and natural gas industry.

D. Legal Authority

    In August 2022, the IRA was signed into law. Section 60113 of the 
IRA amended the CAA by adding section 136, and the EPA is finalizing 
this rulemaking under the authority provided by that section. As noted 
in section I.B. of this preamble, the IRA added CAA section 136, 
``Methane Emissions and Waste Reduction Incentive Program for Petroleum 
and Natural Gas Systems,'' which requires that the EPA impose and 
collect an annual specified charge on methane emissions that exceed an 
applicable waste emissions threshold from an owner or operator of an 
applicable facility that reports more than 25,000 mt CO2e of 
greenhouse gases emitted per year pursuant to subpart W of the GHGRP. 
Under CAA section 136, an ``applicable facility'' is a facility within 
nine of the ten industry segments subject to subpart W, as currently 
defined in 40 CFR 98.230 (excluding natural gas distribution).
    The EPA is also finalizing elements of this rulemaking under its 
authority provided in CAA section 114. CAA section 114(a)(1) authorizes 
the Administrator to require emissions sources, persons subject to the 
CAA, or persons whom the Administrator believes may have necessary 
information to monitor and report emissions and provide other 
information the Administrator requests for the purposes of carrying out 
any provision of the CAA (except for a provision of title II with 
respect to

[[Page 91101]]

manufacturers of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines). 
Thus, CAA section 114(a)(1) additionally provides the EPA authority to 
require the information in this final rule because the information is 
relevant for carrying out CAA section 136.
    The Administrator has determined that this action is subject to the 
provisions of section 307(d) of the CAA. Section 307(d) contains a set 
of procedures relating to the issuance and review of certain CAA rules.
    In addition, pursuant to sections 114, 301, and 307 of the CAA, the 
EPA is publishing final confidentiality determinations for the new data 
elements required by this final regulation.

II. Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and 
Exemptions

A. Final Definitions To Support WEC Implementation and Associated 
Revisions to Part 98, Subpart A

    In accordance with CAA section 136(d), applicable facilities under 
part 99 are those facilities within certain industry segments as 
defined under part 98, subpart W. To support implementation of the WEC, 
we are finalizing several definitions within the general provisions of 
40 CFR 99.2 which follow from the statutory text.
1. Applicable Facility and WEC Applicable Facility Definitions
    The EPA received comments expressing support for the proposed 
definitions for ``applicable facility'' and ``WEC applicable 
facility.'' Certain commenters disagreed that the statutory text 
requires alignment of the definition of an ``applicable facility'' in 
the proposed WEC rule with the subpart W facility definitions, and 
stated that CAA section 136(d) leaves room for interpretation as to the 
definition of an ``applicable facility.'' After consideration of 
comments received, the EPA is finalizing as proposed a definition of 
``applicable facility'' as specified by the statute to mean a facility 
within one or more of the following industry segments: onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production, offshore petroleum and natural 
gas production, onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and 
boosting, onshore natural gas processing, onshore natural gas 
transmission compression, onshore natural gas transmission pipeline, 
underground natural gas storage, Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) import and 
export equipment, or LNG storage, as those industry segments are 
defined in 40 CFR 98.230 of subpart W.\22\ The EPA does not agree with 
the commenters that the statute leaves open for interpretation the 
meaning of ``applicable facility;'' rather, the agency concludes that 
the statute expressly defines ``applicable facility'' in the same 
manner as the term ``facility'' has long been defined under 40 CFR part 
98 and applied to the nine industry segments listed in CAA section 
136(d). In addition to reflecting the plain language of the statutory 
text, aligning the definition of an applicable facility with the 
definitions of a facility within the industry segments in subpart W, 
for each corresponding industry segment, simplifies implementation and 
reduces burden on industry and the EPA. The approach supported by some 
commenters would have established different definitions of ``facility'' 
for subpart W and WEC, requiring the EPA to establish new reporting 
requirements for certain industry segments and requiring industry to 
calculate and report emissions for the same equipment twice. The EPA 
also received comments requesting that we clearly state that oil and 
gas producers generating less than 25,000 tons of CO2 
equivalent are not required to submit documentation to the regulatory 
body proving that the emissions threshold was not exceeded. After 
consideration of comments, the EPA is finalizing with clarifying 
revisions a definition of ``WEC applicable facility'' in 40 CFR 99.2, 
which means an applicable facility, as defined in this section, for 
which the owner(s) or operator(s) of a part 98 reporting facility was 
required to report GHG emissions under part 98, subpart W of this 
chapter of more than 25,000 metric tons CO2e for the 
reporting year. This final definition clarifies that the obligation for 
reporting under part 98 may apply to multiple owners or operators for a 
facility, that the status as a WEC applicable facility is based upon 
reporting in compliance with part 98, and that whether or not a part 98 
reporting facility is a WEC applicable facility is based upon a 
specific reporting year. This definition is taken from the threshold 
set in the statute. Only WEC applicable facilities are required to 
report under part 99.
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    \22\ See 42 U.S.C. 7436(d).
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    A single reporting facility under part 98, subpart W, typically 
consists of operations within a single petroleum and natural gas 
industry segment. However, a single reporting facility may represent 
operations in two or more industry segments. Facilities that may 
potentially have operations representing multiple industry segments and 
would report as the same facility if co-located include facilities that 
have co-located operations in the onshore natural gas processing, 
onshore natural gas transmission compression, underground natural gas 
storage, LNG import and export equipment, and LNG storage industry 
segments. We are finalizing as proposed that such operations would be 
considered a single WEC applicable facility under part 99.
    In cases where a subpart W facility reports under two or more of 
the industry segments listed in the previous paragraph, the EPA is 
finalizing as proposed that the 25,000 mt CO2e threshold is 
evaluated based on the total facility GHG emissions reported to subpart 
W across all the relevant industry segments (i.e., the facility's total 
subpart W GHGs). As discussed in section II.C.1. of this preamble, the 
waste emissions threshold is the facility-specific quantity of annual 
emissions, based upon the relevant intensity thresholds specified by 
Congress, above which the EPA must impose and collect the WEC. For the 
purposes of determining the waste emissions threshold for a WEC 
applicable facility that operates within multiple industry segments, 
the EPA is finalizing as proposed that each industry segment is 
assessed separately (i.e., using industry segment-specific throughput 
and methane intensity threshold) and then summed together to determine 
the waste emissions threshold for the facility. The EPA is finalizing 
as proposed that this approach is used in all cases where a WEC 
applicable facility contains equipment in multiple subpart W industry 
segments.
    The EPA considered an alternative definition of WEC applicable 
facility as it applies to subpart W facilities that report under two or 
more industry segments. This alternative approach would have assessed 
these facilities against the 25,000 mt CO2e applicability 
threshold using the CO2e reported under subpart W for each 
individual segment at the facility rather than the total facility 
subpart W CO2e reported across all segments. CAA section 
136(d) defines an applicable facility as ``a facility within the [nine] 
industry segments'' subject to the WEC and does not specify that an 
applicable facility is in one and only one industry segment. The EPA 
understands this to mean that an applicable facility constitutes an 
entire subpart W facility, including those that report under more than 
one segment. Thus, based on the statutory text, the EPA is finalizing 
as proposed to assess WEC applicability based on the entire subpart W 
facility's emissions that are reported under subpart W.

[[Page 91102]]

Based on subpart W data for the 2022 reporting year, no more than two 
dozen facilities report data for multiple segments, and when total 
subpart W CO2e is summed across all segments at these 
facilities, almost all of these facilities remain below the 25,000 mt 
CO2e threshold. Historic data also show that the industry 
segments (onshore natural gas processing, onshore natural gas 
transmission compression, and underground natural gas storage) located 
at these facilities that report data for multiple segments generally 
have methane emissions below the waste emissions thresholds. The final 
approach of using total subpart W facility CO2e for 
determining WEC applicability therefore should not result in a 
significant number of facilities being subject to the WEC compared to 
an approach that assessed applicability using subpart W CO2e 
for each individual industry segment at a facility. Based on historic 
data, the EPA does not expect the very small number of facilities with 
operations in multiple subpart W segments that could be subject to the 
WEC under the final approach to experience a substantially different 
financial impact than they would have under this alternative approach.
2. Facility Applicable Emissions, WEC Applicable Emissions, Net WEC 
Emissions, and Net WEC Emissions After Transfers Definitions
    We are finalizing as proposed a definition for ``facility 
applicable emissions'' in 40 CFR 99.2 which means the annual methane 
emissions from a WEC applicable facility that are either equal to, 
below, or exceeding the waste emissions threshold for the facility 
prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions. We are also 
finalizing as proposed a definition for ``WEC applicable emissions'' in 
40 CFR 99.2, which means the annual methane emissions from a WEC 
applicable facility after consideration of any applicable exemptions. 
The calculation methodology for WEC applicable emissions is addressed 
in section II.C.3. of this preamble.
    The EPA is also finalizing definitions of ``net WEC emissions'' and 
``net WEC emissions after transfers'' to clarify the total amount of 
methane that is subject to charge and to account for revisions from the 
proposal to netting requirements. The EPA is finalizing a definition of 
``net WEC emissions'' in 40 CFR 99.2 to mean the sum of WEC applicable 
emissions from facilities with the same WEC obligated party, as 
calculated pursuant to 40 CFR 99.22 using equation B-8. If a WEC 
obligated party only has one WEC applicable facility, net WEC emissions 
are equal to that facility's WEC applicable emissions. The EPA is 
finalizing a definition of ``net WEC emissions after transfers'' to 
mean the total quantity of methane emissions subject to charge for a 
WEC obligated party. If the WEC obligated party is not eligible to, or 
elects not to, transfer or receive negative net WEC emissions pursuant 
to 40 CFR 99.23, the net WEC emissions after transfers are determined 
pursuant to 40 CFR 99.22 and are equal to net WEC emissions. If the WEC 
obligated party transfers or receives negative net WEC emissions 
pursuant to 40 CFR 99.23, the net WEC emissions after transfers reflect 
such transfers subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 99.23. If a WEC 
obligated party does not participate in any transfer of net WEC 
emissions with other WEC obligated parties with a common parent 
company, that WEC obligated party's net WEC emissions after transfers 
are equal to its net WEC emissions.
3. WEC Obligated Party Definition
    We are finalizing the definitions of ``WEC obligated party'' and 
``WEC applicable facility''. The EPA received comment requesting that 
we recognize the differences between ownership and operatorship as well 
as the complexity of ownership and operator agreements, including 
acknowledging the dynamics of these across basins, facilities, and 
individual wells. After consideration of the comments received, and in 
addition to finalizing the definition for WEC applicable facility 
discussed earlier in this section, we are finalizing with revision a 
definition for the term ``WEC obligated party'' in 40 CFR 99.2. As 
finalized, the term WEC obligated party refers to the owner or operator 
of one or more WEC applicable facilities. The WEC obligated party of a 
WEC applicable facility must be one of the owners or operators of that 
facility under subpart W, as reported under 40 CFR 98.3(c)(14). We note 
that although there are differences in the common definitions of 
ownership and operatorship and there may be complex agreements between 
owners and operators, for the purposes of subpart W, there are specific 
definitions for owner(s) and operators(s) in subpart A and subpart W of 
part 98, with some segments, such as onshore natural gas production, 
having unique definitions.\23\ We are finalizing the term ``WEC 
obligated Party'' to be consistent with these definitions. For WEC 
applicable facilities that have more than one owner or operator, we are 
finalizing that the WEC obligated party is an owner or operator 
selected by a binding agreement among the owners and operators of the 
WEC applicable facility. The EPA anticipates that such an agreement 
would be similar to those used in carrying out 40 CFR 98.4(b) under the 
GHGRP. We are finalizing as proposed that the WEC obligated party must 
be one of the owners or operators of the WEC applicable facility as of 
December 31 of the reporting year, with one exception. This exception 
is related to the circumstances in which a WEC applicable facility is 
involved in a transaction(s) subsequent to the end of the reporting 
year (i.e., between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the 
reporting year) that results in all of the owners or operators (of the 
facility as of December 31 of the reporting year) ceasing to exist 
prior to the WEC filing date. In this case, the WEC obligated party 
would be one of the owner(s) or operator(s) that acquired the facility 
as a result of the transaction(s) to be selected by mutual agreement 
among all of the acquiring owner(s) or operator(s). This revision is 
necessary to avoid cases in which there is no eligible owner or 
operator to serve as the WEC obligated party. We note that in case of 
transactions where only one owner or operator ceases to exist and that 
entity was the WEC obligated party, the remaining owners or operators 
of the WEC applicable facility that were the owners or operators as of 
December 31 of the reporting year would need to select a new WEC 
obligated party. Additionally, we have finalized clarifying language in 
the definition of WEC obligated party to make clear that each WEC 
applicable facility must have only one WEC obligated party for a 
reporting year. This requirement was included in the proposed rule 
under proposed 40 CFR 99.4, but we are further clarifying by making it 
explicit in the definition of WEC obligated party. The EPA notes that 
WEC obligated parties may only net for the applicable

[[Page 91103]]

reporting year for which they are reporting; in other words, emissions 
occurring before December 31 should not be netted with emissions 
occurring after December 31.
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    \23\ For example, 40 CFR 98.238 defines Facility with respect to 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production for purposes of 
reporting under this subpart and for the corresponding subpart A 
requirements as all petroleum or natural gas equipment on a single 
well-pad or associated with a single well-pad and CO2 EOR 
operations that are under common ownership or common control 
including leased, rented, or contracted activities by an onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production owner or operator and that are 
located in a single hydrocarbon basin as defined in 40 CFR 98.238. 
Where a person or entity owns or operates more than one well in a 
basin, then all onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
equipment associated with all wells that the person or entity owns 
or operates in the basin would be considered one facility.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to establishing the entity regulated under the WEC, the 
EPA is finalizing the temporal bounds for which a WEC obligated party 
is responsible for its facilities and their associated emissions, as 
well as establishing obligations for transacted assets. For the 
purposes of submitting the WEC filing, we are finalizing that the WEC 
obligated party's (including through binding agreement) WEC applicable 
facilities are the WEC applicable facilities for which it is the owner 
or operator, as of December 31 of each reporting year. Under the final 
rule, the WEC obligated party is responsible for any WEC applicable 
emissions from facilities for which it was the facility owner or 
operator as of December 31 of the corresponding reporting year. The EPA 
recognizes that facilities may be acquired or divested at any time in a 
given reporting year, and that under the final rule the year-end WEC 
obligated party, or the WEC obligated party selected by mutual 
agreement among all of the acquiring owner(s) or operator(s) if the 
existing WEC obligated party ceases to exist, would be responsible for 
data and any corresponding WEC obligation for the entire reporting 
year. The EPA believes that this approach is both reasonable and 
necessary for implementation of the WEC program. Subpart W data 
reporting uses the same approach for circumstances where facilities are 
acquired or divested during a given reporting year; the facility owner 
or operator as of December 31 is responsible for reporting emissions 
for the entire year. Because the subpart W data is inextricably linked 
to the WEC filing, the EPA assessed that it would complicate and 
potentially be inappropriate to have different parties be liable for 
the legal obligations of the same facility under each regulation. 
Specifically, different entities being legally liable for the same 
facility under subpart W and the WEC program could lead to challenges 
for WEC filings and associated data verification, increase industry 
burden by requiring significant coordination between different 
companies, and lead to situations where separate entities are 
responsible for reporting subpart W data and paying any charge 
calculated from that data. The EPA therefore believes it would be 
neither practical nor accurate for the reporting responsibility and 
potential WEC obligation for a single facility to be split among 
multiple WEC obligated parties in such circumstances.
    The EPA also recognizes that a facility's owner or operator may 
change between December 31 of a given reporting year and August 31 of 
the following year, when WEC filings are due, or later in the year and 
prior to when corrections may occur. In such situations, under the 
final rule the WEC obligated party associated with a facility as of 
December 31 of a given reporting year is responsible for accounting for 
that facility in its WEC filing and is responsible for any WEC 
obligation associated with that facility for that reporting year. The 
new owner or operator after the transaction would only become the new 
WEC obligated party starting with the year of purchase, assuming they 
are still the owner or operator as of December 31 of the year of the 
transaction. The EPA received several comments related to the acquiring 
of a WEC obligated party by another WEC obligated party prior to the 
WEC filing such that the WEC obligated party as of December 31 for the 
applicable reporting year ceases to exist. One commenter stated that 
the proposal was ambiguous as to whether companies that purchase WEC 
applicable facilities (and thus would become WEC obligated parties, as 
of December 31 of the reporting year) would be responsible for 
retaining records, and all associated obligations, that were generated 
by the previous owners or operators of those facilities. Another 
commenter suggested that the responsibility for reporting emissions 
under the WEC should remain with the party responsible for 
recordkeeping for a facility at the time the emissions occur at the 
facility, rather than the time reporting would be required. After 
consideration of the comments received, we are further clarifying from 
proposal that under this final rule, in cases where a facility has a 
single owner or operator and that WEC obligated party is acquired by 
single WEC obligated party such that the WEC obligated party as of 
December 31 for the applicable reporting year ceases to exist, the 
acquiring WEC obligated party assumes responsibility for the acquired 
WEC obligated party's WEC applicable facilities for that reporting 
year. In cases where a facility has a single owner or operator and that 
WEC obligated party is acquired by multiple owners or operators 
following a transaction that results in the WEC obligated party as of 
December 31 for the applicable reporting year to no longer exist, the 
post-transaction owners or operators must select among themselves by 
binding agreement which owner or operator will be the facility's WEC 
obligated party for that reporting year.
4. Gathering and Boosting Related Definitions
    The EPA is revising the definitions for ``gathering and boosting 
system'' and ``gathering and boosting system owner or operator'' under 
40 CFR part 99. The EPA received comments indicated that proposed 
definitions of ``gathering and boosting system'' and ``gathering and 
boosting system owner or operator'' under part 99 do not match the 
revisions under subpart W. The EPA agrees these definitions should 
align with subpart W. Therefore, the EPA is revising from proposal the 
definition for ``gathering and boosting system'' to mean a single 
network of pipelines, compressors and process equipment, including 
equipment to perform natural gas compression, dehydration, and acid gas 
removal, that has one or more connection points to gas and oil 
production or one or more other gathering and boosting systems and a 
downstream endpoint, typically a gas processing plant, transmission 
pipeline, LDC pipeline, or other gathering and boosting system. 
Additionally, the EPA is revising from proposal the definition of 
``gathering and boosting system owner or operator'' to mean any person 
that holds a contract in which they agree to transport petroleum or 
natural gas from one or more onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production wells or one or more other gathering and boosting systems to 
a downstream endpoint, typically a natural gas processing facility, 
another gathering and boosting system, a natural gas transmission 
pipeline, or a distribution pipeline, or any person responsible for 
custody of the petroleum or natural gas transported.
5. Revisions to 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart A Related to WEC Obligated 
Party Definition
    As part of these final amendments, the EPA is also finalizing 
revisions to 40 CFR part 98, subpart A, for all facilities that are 
subject to the GHGRP and report under subpart W. On August 1, 2023 (88 
FR 50282), the EPA proposed revisions to 40 CFR 98.4 to address changes 
in the owner or operator of a facility in the four industry segments in 
subpart W (Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems) that have unique 
definitions of facility. The proposed provisions would define which 
owner or operator is responsible for current and future reporting 
years' reports and clarify how to determine responsibility for 
revisions to annual reports for reporting years prior to

[[Page 91104]]

owner or operator changes for specific industry segments in subpart W, 
beginning with RY2025 reports. In the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule, the 
EPA finalized the provisions regarding current and future reporting 
years' reports in 40 CFR 98.4(n). However, the EPA did not take action 
on proposed amendments related to responsibility for revisions to 
annual reports for reporting years prior to owner or operator changes 
for specific industry segments in subpart W and indicated the intent to 
consider those proposed revisions in coordination with the 2024 WEC 
rulemaking and take action, if finalized, on these requirements at the 
same time.
    The current regulations at 40 CFR 98.4(h), which cover changes in 
owners and operators, absent the changes being finalized in this 
rulemaking, state that in the event an owner or operator of the 
facility or supplier is not included in the list of owners and 
operators in the certificate of representation under this section for 
the facility or supplier, such owner or operator shall be deemed to be 
subject to and bound by the certificate of representation, the 
representations, actions, inactions, and submissions of the designated 
representative and any alternate designated representative of the 
facility or supplier, as if the owner or operator were included in such 
list. 40 CFR 98.4(h) goes on to additionally state that within 90 days 
after any change in owners or operators of the facility or supplier 
(including the addition of a new owner or operator), the designated 
representative or any alternate designated representative shall submit 
a certificate of representation that is complete under this section 
except that such list shall be amended to reflect the change. Thus the 
owners and operators of facilities are bound to the actions, inactions 
and submissions of the designated representative of the facility when 
they become an owner or operator of the facility, as defined in 40 CFR 
part 98. The current regulations at 40 CFR 98.4(g), absent the changes 
being finalized in this rulemaking, state that if there is a change in 
the designated representative or alternate designated representative, 
then all representations, actions, inactions, and submissions by the 
previous designated representative or the previous alternate designated 
representative of the facility are binding on the new designated 
representative and the owners and operators of the facility or 
supplier. Thus, any new owners and operators are bound to the actions 
and submissions of the previous designated representatives, including 
historical submissions for the facility prior to becoming an owner or 
operator. However, the responsibility for reporting under part 98 could 
potentially be inconsistent with the WEC obligated party responsible 
for reporting under 40 CFR part 99, as described earlier in this 
section.
    Many commenters recommended that no new owner should be responsible 
for the WEC generated by the prior owner and that emissions reporting 
should remain the responsibility of the owner or operator who generated 
the reportable emissions. The EPA believes that preparation and 
submission of multiple reports by different entities related to the 
same emission sources would lead to duplicative burden and raise the 
potential for inconsistencies in reported data. After consideration of 
comments received, and in alignment with 40 CFR part 99, in this final 
rule, the EPA is making changes to the regulations for facilities that 
report under subpart W to specify that, with two exceptions, the 
owner(s) and operator(s) as of December 31 of the reporting year, will 
remain responsible for that reporting year, even after sale of the 
facility. These changes are intended to ensure that the entity 
responsible for subpart W data for specific reporting years under 
various transaction scenarios is aligned with the WEC obligated party 
responsible for WEC filing and any WEC obligation in those years. The 
EPA is also clarifying that for the first transaction after January 1, 
2025, the sellers will also remain responsible for historic reporting, 
(i.e., reporting years prior to 2024). Specifically, in this final 
rule, the EPA is adding 40 CFR 98.4(o), which applies in lieu of the 
last sentence of 40 CFR 98.4(g) for facilities that report under 
subpart W, starting with transactions that occur on or after January 1, 
2025, to address responsibility for reporting years prior to a year in 
which there is a change in the owners and operators. According to the 
new paragraph, when there is a change in the owner(s) or operator(s) of 
a subpart W facility on or after the effective date of this final rule 
that involve the owner(s) or operator(s) as of December 31 of the year 
prior to the year of the transaction, the owners and operators as of 
December 31 of the year prior to the year of the transaction, i.e., the 
sellers, must select a historic reporting representative who will be 
responsible after the transaction(s) for that reporting year and if it 
is the first transaction after January 1, 2025, for all prior years. In 
these cases, the owner(s) and operator(s) of the facility as of 
December 31 of the year prior to the year in which the facility is sold 
are bound to the actions of the historic reporting representative and 
any previous designated representative or historic reporting 
representative for the relevant years. The historic reporting 
representative is selected by an agreement binding on the selling 
owner(s) and operator(s), unless the owner(s) or operator(s) selling 
the facility ceases to exist and/or is acquired as a result of a 
transaction(s), in which case all of the owners or operators involved 
in that transaction shall select at the time of sale a historic 
reporting representative by an agreement binding on each of the owners 
and operators involved in the transaction. The second exception is that 
for changes in owners or operators that occur after December 31, 2024 
and before the effective date of this final rule that involve the 
owner(s) and operator(s) as of December 31, 2024, the buying and 
selling owners and operators must jointly select a historic reporting 
representative. In these cases, the owners and operators of the 
facility as of December 31 of the year prior to the year in which the 
facility is sold and the acquiring owners and operators are bound to 
the actions of the historic representative. In any of these scenarios, 
it is the EPA's intent for this person to be the WEC obligated party 
designated representative or represent the WEC obligated party 
corresponding to the applicable part 98 reporting year, for a facility 
that is a WEC applicable facility as defined in 40 CFR 99.2, so that 
there is alignment between WEC obligated parties and the owner(s) and 
operator(s) responsible for reporting for facilities that report under 
subpart W while also clarifying historical reporting requirements. The 
final provisions of 40 CFR 98.4(o) also specify that for cases where an 
entire facility is merged or acquired by a new owner(s) or operator(s), 
the seller must notify the EPA of the date of the last transaction 
resulting in the change to the owner(s) or operator(s) and that the 
acquiring owner or operator must notify the EPA of the e-GGRT ID number 
of the facility acquired in transaction. This additional information is 
necessary to determine when a historical reporting representative is 
required and maintain the ability to verify year-to-year changes in 
annual emissions for facilities post-transaction.
    The final provisions of 40 CFR 98.4(o)(6) specify the reporting 
years for which a historic reporting representative is responsible. 
Based on the effective date of these amendments, these provisions will 
first apply to transactions that occur in calendar year 2025. For the 
first transaction that occur after January 1, 2025, the historic

[[Page 91105]]

reporting representative is responsible for submissions (if they have 
not occurred prior to the transaction) and revisions to annual GHG 
reports under 40 CFR 98.3(h) for all reporting years prior to the 
reporting year in which the transaction occurred. For subsequent 
transactions, the owners or operators of a facility that reports under 
subpart W as of December 31 of each reporting year are responsible for 
reporting and revisions to annual GHG reports corresponding to that 
reporting year. We note that these revisions do not impact how 
reporting responsibility for years prior to reporting year 2024 
transfer upon a change in ownership prior to the effective date of this 
final rule. The existing provisions of subpart A (specifically 40 CFR 
98.4(g)) continue to apply, so that the designated representative or 
alternate designated representative or historic reporting 
representative, as applicable, of the facility for reporting year 2024 
maintain responsibility for the submissions of the previous designated 
representative and any necessary revisions to reports for reporting 
year 2024 and earlier. The final provisions of 40 CFR 98.4(o)(6) also 
specify that if the responsible owner(s) or operators(s) are acquired 
such that the owner(s) or operator(s) cease to exist as a result of a 
transaction, the acquiring owners would become responsible for 
submission (if not already submitted before the transaction) and any 
revisions to annual reports for the reporting year prior to the 
transaction and, if applicable, annual GHG reports under 40 CFR 98.3(h) 
for additional reporting years prior to the transaction as specified in 
paragraphs 40 CFR 98.4(o)(6)(i) and (ii).
6. Additional Definitions To Support WEC Implementation
    The EPA is adding definitions in 40 CFR 99.2 for ``parent 
company,'' ``United States parent company,'' ``qualified professional 
engineer,'' and ``well identification (ID) number,'' which were not 
included as proposed part 99 regulatory definitions in the proposed 
rule. Commenters stated that definitions are necessary to implement CAA 
section 136 and create regulatory harmony. After consideration of 
comments, the EPA believes it will provide clarity to add definitions 
for these terms to implement the WEC. In alignment with part 98 subpart 
A, we are finalizing the definition of ``United States parent company'' 
to mean the highest-level United States company, as reported under 40 
CFR 98.3 for a WEC applicable facility, with an ownership interest in 
the facility as of December 31 of the year for which data are being 
reported. Additionally, for ease of understanding, the EPA is 
finalizing the definition of ``parent company'' to be the United States 
parent company.
    We are also finalizing a definition for the term ``Administrator'' 
to mean the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection 
Agency or the Administrator's authorized representative. This 
definition is aligned with the definition of the same term in part 98 
subpart A. We proposed to define the term ``e-GGRT ID number'' as the 
identification number assigned to a facility by the EPA's electronic 
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool for submission of the facility's part 98 
report. We are instead finalizing the defined term as ``Facility ID 
number'' for consistency of terminology in the final rule and with 
revised definition referring to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program 
where the proposal referred to the associated reporting tool and 
omitting the reference to submission of reports as these identifiers 
are not used solely for report submission.
    The EPA also received comments stating that the proposed rule did 
not include sufficient detail regarding the certification criteria for 
third-party auditors. After consideration of comments and as discussed 
in section III.B.2., the EPA is requiring that auditors be qualified 
professional engineers, and is finalizing the definition for 
``qualified professional engineer,'' in alignment with the definition 
of ``qualified professional engineer'' in NSPS OOOOb, to mean an 
individual who is licensed by a State as a Professional Engineer to 
practice in one or more disciplines of engineering and who is qualified 
by education, technical knowledge, and experience to review and 
interpret the records required under 40 CFR 99. Additionally, to align 
with the definition under part 98 subpart W, we are also finalizing the 
definition for ``well ID number,'' to mean the unique and permanent 
identification number assigned to a petroleum or natural gas well. 
Under the final definition, if the well has been assigned a U.S. Well 
Number, the well ID number required in this subpart is the US Well 
Number. Under the final definition, if a U.S. Well Number has not been 
assigned to the well, the well ID number is the identifier established 
by the well's permitting authority.

B. Common Ownership or Control for Netting of Emissions

    One of the important flexibilities created by Congress in section 
136(f)(4) allows for facilities to reduce their overall WEC payments by 
transferring emissions from facilities that are below the waste 
emissions threshold to facilities that have emissions that are above 
the waste emissions threshold (otherwise known as ``netting''). The EPA 
proposed that the owner or operator of the facility should be both the 
WEC obligated party (i.e., the entity responsible for paying the WEC 
obligation) and the highest-level organization across which this 
netting should be allowed. The EPA received numerous comments arguing 
that netting should be allowed at the parent company level to maximize 
flexibility in implementation. After careful consideration of the 
comments and further review of the statutory language, the EPA is 
finalizing provisions that increase access to the netting provisions by 
allowing for the netting of emissions across facilities that are under 
common ownership or control of a parent company, rather than an owner 
or operator as proposed. However, the EPA is finalizing as proposed 
that the owner or operator is the WEC obligated party, thereby making a 
distinction in this final rule that the WEC obligated party and the 
corporate level at which netting may occur do not have to be one and 
the same. Although the EPA is allowing for additional access to netting 
in this final rule by allowing netting to occur at the parent company 
level, the EPA is also providing more specificity on the parameters and 
conditions under which this netting may occur. Additionally, the EPA is 
finalizing requirements for the treatment of net WEC emissions used in 
netting that are subsequently revised or invalidated.
1. EPA Interpretation To Implement ``Common Ownership or Control'' for 
the Purposes of Part 99
    CAA section 136(c), which establishes the methane charge, states 
that ``the Administrator shall impose and collect a charge on methane 
emissions that exceed an applicable waste emissions threshold under 
subsection (f) from an owner or operator of an applicable facility. . 
.'' Congress directly requires that a facility owner or operator, which 
has a distinct and established legal meaning, be the entity on which 
the WEC is imposed and from which a charge is collected. Therefore, the 
EPA is finalizing its determination that the WEC obligated party for a 
particular applicable facility shall be the owner or operator of that 
applicable facility; or if more than one owner or operator exists, the 
owners or operators of that facility must designate an entity to be the 
WEC obligated party. The netting provision at CAA section 136(f)(4), 
meanwhile, allows WEC applicable facilities under

[[Page 91106]]

``common ownership or control'' to net ``emissions by reducing the 
total obligation to account for facility emissions levels that are 
below the applicable thresholds within and across all applicable 
segments'' listed in section 136(d) and as defined in subpart W. In 
this final rulemaking, the EPA is interpreting this language to allow 
netting at the parent company level. Notably, sections 136(c) and 
136(f)(4) employ different language--while 136(c), which establishes 
the WEC obligated party, refers specifically to an ``owner or 
operator'' of an applicable facility, section 136(f)(4) refers to 
facilities ``under common ownership or control.'' The statute therefore 
requires that the facility owner or operator must be the WEC obligated 
party but provides for netting at the parent company level. The final 
requirements for netting are designed to align with both of these 
statutory directives. In this section, the EPA details the overall 
approach for application of common ownership or control and the 
justification for use of a facility's owner or operator as the WEC 
obligated party with netting based on common parent company.
    The EPA proposed that netting would be limited to the WEC obligated 
party level. That is, the owner or operator would be both the WEC 
obligated party and the highest-level entity across which emissions 
could be netted. We received comments on the proposed use of the owner 
or operator as the highest-level entity across which facilities could 
net their emissions. Certain commenters disagreed with the proposed 
interpretation to define ``common ownership or control'' at the owner 
or operator level and stated that a parent company approach would not 
only reflect Congressional intent but would also align with legal 
precedent and the EPA's application of ``common ownership or control'' 
under other programs. These commenters also stated that a parent 
company approach would better incentivize methane emissions reductions, 
as parent companies could more effectively allocate resources across 
their operations for methane mitigation--and would have an incentive to 
do so if netting were allowed at the parent company level. Other 
commenters were supportive of the proposed approach and believed it was 
aligned with the statutory text. After consideration of comments 
received, the EPA is finalizing revisions from the proposed approach 
such that the facility owner or operator remains the WEC obligated 
party, but netting is allowed across owners or operators with the same 
parent company.
    The EPA interprets the netting provision at CAA section 136(f)(4) 
to mean that amongst WEC obligated parties with a common parent 
company, WEC obligated parties with metric tons of methane below the 
waste emissions thresholds (i.e., the difference between emissions 
equal to the waste emissions threshold and reported emissions) may 
transfer ``negative net WEC emissions'' to one or more WEC obligated 
parties with facilities with metric tons of methane emissions that 
exceed the waste emissions thresholds (i.e., positive net WEC 
emissions).\24\ For the purposes of establishing common ownership or 
control under CAA section 136(f)(4), the EPA is finalizing a definition 
of ``WEC obligated party'' in 40 CFR 99.2. The EPA is finalizing that 
each WEC applicable facility be associated with a single WEC obligated 
party (though each WEC obligated party may be associated with multiple 
WEC applicable facilities), which is reported under the requirements at 
40 CFR 99.7.
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    \24\ As further explained in section II.C.3., to calculate the 
amount by which a WEC applicable facility is below or exceeding the 
waste emissions threshold, the EPA is finalizing as proposed to use 
equation B-6 of 40 CFR 99.21(a), in which the facility waste 
emissions threshold, as determined in 40 CFR 99.20, is subtracted 
from total methane emissions from the WEC applicable facility. This 
calculation results in a value of metric tons of methane, the total 
facility applicable emissions, that is positive for facilities 
exceeding the waste emissions threshold (``positive net emissions'') 
and negative for facilities below the waste emissions threshold 
(``negative net emissions'').
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    As discussed in section II.A. of this preamble, the EPA is 
finalizing the definition of ``WEC obligated party'' to mean the WEC 
applicable facility's ``owner or operator'' as defined in 40 CFR 99.2 
for the applicable industry segment as of December 31 of the reporting 
year or that became an owner or operator of the WEC applicable facility 
in a transaction occurring subsequent to the end of the reporting year 
(i.e., between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the 
reporting year) that resulted in the owner or operator of the facility 
as of December 31 of the reporting year ceasing to exist. For WEC 
applicable facilities with more than one owner and/or operator, the WEC 
obligated party must be selected by binding agreement following the 
provisions of 40 CFR 99.4. Each WEC applicable facility must have only 
one WEC obligated party for any given reporting year. WEC obligated 
parties may only net for the applicable reporting year for which they 
are reporting. The EPA is finalizing definitions for owner or operator 
that are applicable to the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production, offshore petroleum and natural gas production, onshore 
petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting, onshore natural gas 
processing, onshore natural gas transmission compression, onshore 
natural gas transmission, underground natural gas storage, LNG import 
and export equipment, and LNG storage industry segments at 40 CFR 99.2. 
These definitions are identical to the corresponding definitions in 40 
CFR part 98; that is, the owner or operator (or one of the owners or 
operators, selected by binding agreement between all existing owners or 
operators) associated with a subpart W facility as reported under 40 
CFR 98.3(c)(14) and included in the relevant COR as directed in 40 CFR 
98.4(i)(3) would also be the WEC obligated party for that facility.
    In some cases, a WEC applicable facility may have multiple owners 
and/or operators. In these situations, the EPA is finalizing as 
proposed a system by which the facility owner or operators must 
designate one of the owners and/or operators as the WEC obligated party 
for that facility, as detailed in 40 CFR 99.4. The process for 
selection of the WEC obligated party at facilities with multiple owners 
or operators is similar to the approach for selecting a designated 
representative under 40 CFR part 98. This process requires selection of 
a single WEC obligated party for the WEC applicable facility by an 
agreement binding on each of the owners or operators associated with 
the facility. The final requirements for facilities with multiple 
owners or operators allocate all facility-level methane emissions below 
or exceeding the waste emissions thresholds to a single WEC obligated 
party for each facility.
    The EPA proposed that a facility owner or operator would be both 
the WEC obligated party, and the entity used to define common ownership 
or control. Comments received by the EPA on the proposed approach 
focused on the entity used for netting, and did not distinguish between 
the concepts of the WEC obligated party and the netting entity. Many of 
these comments focused on the proposed interpretation of common 
ownership or control rather than the WEC obligated party; though it is 
likely that commenters assumed that they would be the same entity. In 
other words, the EPA did not receive comments critical of defining the 
WEC obligated party as a facility's owner or operator outside the 
broader discussion of common ownership or control. Instead, commenters 
supported defining the WEC obligated party as the parent company 
because they supported the

[[Page 91107]]

use of netting at the parent company level.
    In this final rule, the EPA recognizes that the appropriate 
corporate level at which netting is allowed need not be the same as the 
WEC obligated party. The EPA is finalizing the use of facility owner or 
operator as the WEC obligated party for three reasons. First, the plain 
text of the statute specifies that an ``owner or operator of an 
applicable facility'' is the entity on which a charge is imposed and 
from which a charge is collected. Second, as noted in the proposed 
rule, designating the owner or operator as the WEC obligated party 
aligns with the approach used in subpart W of the Greenhouse Gas 
Reporting Program, under which the facility owner or operator is 
responsible for reporting the annual emissions which, pursuant to 
requirements under CAA section 136(c), will be used to calculate the 
charge under this program. Third, the agency appreciates that a parent 
company is often a separate legal entity from a facility's owner or 
operator, which could be a wholly owned subsidiary or company of which 
a parent company has partial ownership.\25\ Depending on the structure 
of the corporate family and the applicable corporate laws, the 
liabilities of an owner or operator may not transfer to the parent 
corporate company, even if that parent company fully owns the owner or 
operator. Furthermore, while a parent company may have ownership or 
control over certain aspects of a subsidiary's operations or corporate 
decisions, it does not necessarily have control over the subsidiary's 
assets (such as a facility). In light of Congress's specific reference 
to the ``owner or operator of an applicable facility'' as the entity 
from which the WEC be imposed and collected, and the limitations on the 
extent to which parent companies can assume liabilities held by their 
corporate subsidiaries, the EPA does not believe it is consistent with 
the statute to define the WEC obligated party as a parent company.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ The EPA notes that in some cases, the owner or operator of 
a facility may be a parent company. In these instances, the WEC 
obligated party would by default be a parent company.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although the statute expressly requires the EPA to treat the owner 
or operator of an applicable facility as the WEC obligated party, it 
does not limit netting solely to facilities belonging to the same owner 
or operator. Further, based upon our consideration of the public 
comments, the EPA has concluded that netting amongst WEC obligated 
parties with the same parent company, rather than at the level of an 
owner or operator, is best supported by the statutory text. There is no 
language in CAA section 136(f)(4), or any other part of CAA section 
136, that limits the definition of ``common ownership or control'' for 
the purposes of netting. The proposed approach of limiting netting 
solely to facilities belonging to the same owner or operator would have 
represented a narrower interpretation of ``common ownership or 
control'' than the statute requires, and in many instances reduced the 
number of ``common'' facilities available for netting relative to a 
parent company approach. In this case, the complete text 136(f)(4) 
states that ``in calculating the total emissions charge obligation for 
facilities under common ownership or control, the Administrator shall 
allow for the netting of emissions by reducing the total obligation to 
account for facility emissions levels that are below the applicable 
thresholds within and across all applicable segments identified in 
subsection (d).'' The EPA believes that the best reading of this 
provision would allow for netting at the parent company level, because 
the statutory text does not put any limitations on the definition of 
``common ownership or control.'' Instead, the full text of the 
provision suggests that the term ``common ownership or control'' should 
be read broadly in this context because 136(f)(4) directs the EPA to 
allow for netting ``with and across all applicable segments . . .'' The 
number of ``common'' facilities will usually be higher when the parent 
company approach is used, and lower when the owner or operator approach 
is used--and owners or operators under common ownership or control of a 
parent company will tend to have operations across more applicable 
segments; the owner or operator of a facility is less likely to also 
own or operate facilities in different industry segments. Congress's 
reference to netting ``within and across'' all applicable segments 
indicates an intent that netting be available across a broader 
geographic area, which supports the parent company approach.
    Therefore, the EPA is finalizing that netting may occur via 
transfer of negative net WEC emissions from a WEC obligated party to 
one or more WEC obligated parties with the same parent company that 
have positive net emissions, since these WEC obligated parties (i.e., 
owners or operators) are under common ownership or control. The 
requirements finalized in this rulemaking define the WEC obligated 
party at the owner or operator level while allowing for netting to 
occur across owners or operators with a common parent company. This 
approach reconciles the statutory language in CAA section 136(c) and 
136(f)(4) in a manner that is implementable and provides the EPA with a 
means to verify netting activities to ensure the integrity of the final 
WEC rule. The use of parent company for determining ``common ownership 
or control'' in this final rule is specific to part 99 and the WEC 
program and does not affect how ``common ownership or control'' is 
defined under other existing EPA or Federal regulations, or in any way 
limit how ``common ownership or control'' may be defined in future 
regulations.
    While the EPA is finalizing a regulatory structure that allows for 
netting to occur across owners or operators with a common parent 
company, the EPA understands that the control a parent company has over 
its subsidiaries (i.e., owners or operators) to take action and to 
participate in netting may vary. Parent/subsidiary relationships are 
heterogeneous and governed by various corporate law structures and/or 
other legal constraints that this rulemaking is not intended to impact 
or alter. Although commenters stated that parent companies have control 
over subsidiaries and make resource allocations across the 
subsidiaries, the EPA cannot confirm whether that is true in all cases. 
This rulemaking allows owners and operators with a common parent 
company to net emissions, provided such netting is not constrained or 
prohibited by other rules or laws.
2. Facilities Eligible for the Netting of Emissions
    The EPA is finalizing which facilities are eligible to participate 
in netting, as allowed by CAA section 136(f)(4). We are finalizing 
netting eligibility criteria based on a facility's total reported 
subpart W GHG emissions, status in relation to the regulatory 
compliance exemption, and overall regulated status under the GHGRP. In 
our final approach to netting, we chose interpretations which are the 
most consistent with a plain reading of the CAA, were reasonable from a 
policy perspective, and were the most transparent and straightforward 
to implement. As described in more detail in the following sections, 
the final approach establishes that if a facility's emissions are not 
subject to the WEC, either because the facility is not a WEC applicable 
facility, or because a WEC applicable facility has zero WEC applicable 
emissions, as a result of application of one or more eligible 
exemptions, that facility's emissions

[[Page 91108]]

would not factor into the netting of emissions for a WEC obligated 
party. In other words, only WEC applicable facilities may net, and only 
WEC applicable emissions may be netted. As explained further in this 
section of the preamble, we believe this interpretation is consistent 
with CAA section 136(f)(4), ``the Administrator shall allow for the 
netting of emissions by reducing the total obligation to account for 
facility emissions levels that are below the applicable thresholds 
within and across all applicable segments identified in subsection 
(d),'' since the reference to ``applicable thresholds'' and 
``applicable segments'', which reflect other subsections under CAA 
section 136, implies that only WEC applicable emissions should be 
considered in the netting calculation. We note that for applicable 
facilities eligible for any exemptions, emissions associated with these 
exemptions are removed from any emissions exceeding the waste emissions 
threshold prior to netting calculations.
    The WEC proposal explained that certain categories of subpart W 
facilities are not eligible for netting because they are out of the 
scope of the WEC program. There are two categories of subpart W 
facilities that report annually under the GHGRP but may have subpart W 
emissions less than or equal to 25,000 mt CO2e. These 
include subpart W-only facilities that are on the GHGRP offramp due to 
an emissions level below 25,000 mt CO2e, and subpart W 
facilities with total emissions from all GHGRP subparts equal to or 
exceeding 25,000 mt CO2e but subpart W emissions less than 
or equal to 25,000 mt CO2e. The EPA proposed that these 
facilities would not be subject to the WEC, would not be WEC applicable 
facilities, and would not be eligible for netting. The EPA received 
comments supporting an approach that would allow these facilities to 
net with facilities under common ownership or control whose subpart W 
emissions are above 25,000 mt CO2e (i.e., WEC applicable 
facilities). Commenters also supported allowing facilities not required 
to report under subpart W to voluntarily report emissions and include 
those facilities in netting. In all of these suggested approaches, only 
those emissions below the waste emissions thresholds would be brought 
into the netting pool; any additional facilities with subpart W 
emissions equal to or less than 25,000 mt CO2e would not 
increase potential exposure to charge because charges for such 
facilities are specifically prohibited by the statute. A facility with 
subpart W emissions equal to or less than 25,000 mt CO2e 
would, by statute, not be subject to charge. Other commenters were 
supportive of the proposed approach to only allow facilities with 
subpart W emissions greater than 25,000 mt CO2e to 
participate in netting. After consideration of comments received, the 
EPA is finalizing the proposed requirements delineating the types of 
facilities that are eligible for netting. Sections II.B.2.a-d of this 
preamble provide detailed information on the final requirements for 
netting eligibility and the EPA's justification for not expanding 
netting eligibility.
a. Facilities Required To Report to GHGRP and That Have Subpart W 
Emissions Greater Than 25,000 Metric Tons of CO2e
    In accordance with CAA section 136(c) and the definition of ``WEC 
applicable facility'' in 40 CFR 99.2, we are finalizing as proposed 
that subpart W facilities that have subpart W emissions greater than 
25,000 mt CO2e are eligible for netting, with the exception 
of those that are receiving the regulatory compliance exemption for the 
entire year (as discussed in section II.D.2. of this preamble). 
Facilities that report 25,000 mt CO2e or less under subpart 
W are not subject to the WEC, and the EPA is finalizing as proposed 
that such facilities are not eligible for netting. These types of 
facilities are discussed in greater detail in section II.B.2.c. of this 
preamble. The final approach follows what the Agency considers to be 
the best reading of the plain text of, and the relationship between, 
CAA sections 136(d), 136(c), and 136(f) (which includes subsections 
136(f)(4) and 136(f)(1)-(3)). The final approach also represents a 
reasonable policy choice in line with the EPA's understanding of 
Congress's intent that the WEC program constitute a meaningful 
incentive to reduce methane emissions. Accordingly, the following 
sections provides an overview of the relevant statutory text, and the 
corresponding legal basis for the final approach under which only WEC 
applicable facilities may net, and only WEC applicable emissions may be 
netted, under CAA section 136(f)(4). This section also explains the 
policy rationale behind the EPA's final approach.
    CAA section 136(d) introduces the nine industry segments within 
which all subpart W facilities must fall in order to be evaluated for 
WEC applicability. Importantly, facilities within these segments are 
``applicable facilities'', per CAA section 136(d), but they are not 
necessarily ``WEC applicable facilities'', subject to possible WEC 
obligation, unless they report over 25,000 mt CO2e per year 
under subpart W. CAA section 136(c) clarifies this point. Specifically, 
CAA section 136(c) requires the Administrator to impose and collect a 
charge on the owner or operator ``of an applicable facility that 
reports more than 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent of 
greenhouse gases emitted per year pursuant to subpart W''. Thus, 
building upon the CAA section 136(d) definition, CAA section 136(c) 
establishes that only facilities which both fall within one or more of 
the nine CAA section 136(d) industry segments and report more than 
25,000 mt CO2e under subpart W are subject to the WEC 
program. For clarity, in this rulemaking the EPA refers to these 
facilities as ``WEC applicable facilities''.
    CAA section 136(f), which is entitled ``Waste Emissions 
Threshold'', includes a series of subsections under this heading. 
Subsections 136(f)(1)-(3) illustrate the meaning of ``waste emissions 
threshold'' in this context and explain that these are actually a 
series of thresholds which determine when and how to impose a charge on 
methane emissions from WEC applicable facilities, depending on which 
industry segment or segments they fall under. Specifically, the nine 
CAA section 136(d) industry segments are categorized into four groups, 
and a waste emissions threshold is applied to each of the four. CAA 
section 136(f)(1) covers offshore and onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production (industry segments (1) and (2) under CAA section 136(d)), 
and further divides this category depending on whether or not natural 
gas is sent to sale: ``With respect to imposing and collecting the 
charge under subsection (c) for an applicable facility in an industry 
segment listed in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (d), the 
Administrator shall impose and collect the charge on the reported 
metric tons of methane emissions from such facility that exceed (A) 
0.20 percent of the natural gas sent to sale from such facility; or (B) 
10 metric tons of methane per million barrels of oil sent to sale from 
such facility, if such facility sent no natural gas to sale.'' \26\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ 42 U.S.C. at 7436(f)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CAA sections 136(f)(2) and (3) follow the same model: section 
136(f)(2) establishes thresholds for nonproduction petroleum and 
natural gas systems (industry segments (3), (6), (7), and (8) under 
section 136(d),\27\) and

[[Page 91109]]

imposes a charge on ``the reported metric tons of methane emissions 
that exceed 0.05 percent of the natural gas sent to sale from or 
through such facility''; \28\ and section 136(f)(3) establishes 
thresholds for natural gas transmission (industry segments (4), (5), 
and (9)) \29\ and imposes a charge on ``the reported metric tons of 
methane emissions that exceed 0.11 percent of the natural gas sent to 
sale from or through such facility.'' \30\ But each industry-specific 
threshold is introduced in the same way: ``With respect to imposing and 
collecting the charge under subsection (c) for an applicable facility 
in an industry segment listed in paragraph (x) of subsection (d), 
[charges shall be imposed as follows].'' Following this plain text, it 
is clear that the CAA section 136(f) waste emission thresholds apply 
only to WEC applicable facilities--that is, facilities within one or 
more of the nine WEC industry segments listed in CAA section 136(d) 
which emit more than 25,000 mt per year CO2e under subpart 
W, and thus may be subject to charge under CAA section 136(c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \27\ Specifically: (3) onshore natural gas processing; (6) 
liquefied natural gas storage; (7) liquefied natural gas import and 
export equipment; and (8) onshore petroleum and natural gas 
gathering and boosting.
    \28\ Id. at section 7436(f)(2).
    \29\ Specifically, (4) onshore natural gas transmission 
compression; (5) underground natural gas storage; and (9) onshore 
natural gas transmission.
    \30\ Id. at section 7436(f)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, the netting provision itself, CAA section 136(f)(4), 
states that ``in calculating the total emissions charge obligation for 
facilities under common ownership or control, the Administrator shall 
allow for the netting of emissions by reducing the total obligation to 
account for facility emissions levels that are below the applicable 
thresholds within and across all applicable segments identified in 
subsection (d).'' The EPA is finalizing as proposed that this netting 
provision applies to WEC applicable facilities and WEC applicable 
emissions only, for three reasons.
    First, the EPA believes that under the best reading of the statute, 
the term ``applicable thresholds'' refers to the waste emission 
thresholds outlined in CAA section 136(f)(1)-(3). This is important 
because, the waste emissions thresholds apply only to WEC applicable 
facilities--they determine whether, and how, a charge shall be imposed 
on methane emissions from a facility which has already been triggered 
into the WEC program by virtue of its emissions being greater than 
25,000 mt per year CO2e in subpart W. The thresholds do not 
apply to facilities which emit 25,000 or fewer metric tons per year of 
CO2e under subpart W, because under CAA section 136(c), no 
charge may be imposed or collected on such facilities. Because methane 
emissions from facilities that emit 25,000 or less metric tons per year 
of CO2e under subpart W are not WEC applicable emissions, 
they cannot be compared to the waste emissions thresholds, and they 
cannot be considered to fall either above or below these thresholds.
    As previously stated, the EPA's conclusion that the term 
``applicable thresholds'' in CAA section 136(f)(4) refers to the waste 
emissions thresholds outlined in CAA section 136(f)(1)-(3) is supported 
by both the text and structure of the statute. The structure of the 
statute strongly supports the presumption that CAA section 136(f)(4) 
refers to netting based on a facility's relationship to the waste 
emissions thresholds because CAA section 136(f)(4) appears as part of 
CAA section 136(f), under the ``waste emissions threshold'' heading, 
and immediately following CAA section 136(f)(1)-(3)'s establishment of 
the specific waste emissions thresholds for each industry segment. It 
follows that CAA section 136(f)(4)'s reference to ``applicable 
thresholds'' refers to these industry segment-specific requirements, 
and accordingly ``applicable segments'' refers to the industry segments 
identified in CAA section 136(f)(1)-(3).
    The text also strongly supports this interpretation because CAA 
section 136(f)(4) refers to facility emissions levels that are ``below 
the applicable thresholds,'' plural. The use of the plural, and the use 
of the term ``applicable,'' both indicate that Congress was referring 
here to the multiple waste emissions thresholds introduced in CAA 
sections 136(f)(1) through (3), which specifically and separately apply 
to WEC applicable facilities within various subsets of industry 
segments, defined in CAA section 136(d). Again, these separate 
thresholds only apply to WEC applicable facilities, which emit over 
25,000 metric tons per year of CO2e.
    In addition to the ``applicable thresholds'' question, the EPA 
believes that Congress's use of the term ``applicable segments'' in 
stating that the EPA may ``redu[ce] the total obligation to account for 
facility emissions levels that are below the applicable thresholds 
within and across all applicable segments identified in subsection 
(d),'' is significant here. While CAA section 136(d) introduces the 
nine relevant ``industry segments'' within which all WEC applicable 
facilities must fall, CAA section 136(f)(4) classifies these segments 
into four groups, and is the only provision to use the term 
``applicable segments.'' CAA section 136(f) establishes a set of 
requirements determining when and how to impose a charge on those 
facilities triggered into the program, depending on their industry 
segment and the amount of methane they emit. It follows that CAA 
section 136(f)(4)'s reference to ``applicable thresholds'' refers to 
these four group-specific thresholds, and ``applicable segments'' 
refers to the nine segments within the four segment groups. In other 
words, each group of segments constitutes the ``applicable'' segments 
to their corresponding applicable threshold. This is important, again 
because the four groups laid out under CAA section 136(f) include only 
WEC applicable facilities.
    Finally, Congress's statement that netting shall be employed ``in 
calculating the total emissions charge obligation for facilities under 
common ownership or control'', further indicates that only WEC 
applicable facilities may be netted. Logic indicates that only WEC 
applicable facilities, with WEC applicable emissions, would be relevant 
to a determination of total emissions charge obligation. As regards the 
WEC program, WEC obligated parties are concerned with methane emissions 
for the WEC applicable facilities for which they are responsible--not 
various other subpart W facilities for which a WEC charge can never be 
imposed.
    In addition to this stated legal rationale, the final approach also 
represents a reasonable policy choice in line with the EPA's 
understanding of Congress's intent that the WEC program constitute a 
meaningful incentive to reduce methane emissions. Specifically, should 
the WEC program allow netting from subpart W facilities emitting 25,000 
mt CO2e per year or less under subpart W, WEC obligated 
parties would lose an incentive to reduce emissions at WEC applicable 
facilities that exceed their waste emissions thresholds. Negative 
emissions from facilities with subpart W emissions of 25,000 mt 
CO2e or less could be used to net out positive emissions 
from WEC applicable facilities, allowing WEC obligated parties to zero 
out WEC obligations without actually reducing emissions overall. Given 
that many subpart W facilities that report 25,000 mt CO2e or 
less under subpart W would also be well below their waste emissions 
threshold, allowing these facilities to net could add significant 
negative tons to the WEC program such that actual methane emissions 
from WEC applicable facilities could increase without increasing WEC 
obligations.

[[Page 91110]]

b. Facilities With Subpart W Emissions Greater Than 25,000 Metric Tons 
of CO2e That Are Receiving the Regulatory Compliance 
Exemption
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that during such time that a 
facility receives the regulatory compliance exemption, that facility 
would have zero WEC applicable emissions and thus would not be able to 
participate in the netting of methane emissions across facilities under 
common ownership or control of a WEC obligated party. The final 
approach is based on a plain reading of the statutory text, and follows 
the same reasoning outlined in section II.B.2.a. of this preamble, 
which explains that under the best reading of the text, only WEC 
applicable facilities may net. This section will further expand upon 
the EPA reasoning that only WEC applicable emissions may be netted, and 
clarify this point for purposes of the regulatory compliance exemption.
    CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) states that ``[c]harges shall not be 
imposed pursuant to subsection (c) on an applicable facility that is 
subject to and in compliance with methane emissions requirements 
pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 111'' if specific 
criteria are met (these criteria are discussed in section II.D.2. of 
this preamble). The EPA's interpretation of the regulatory compliance 
exemption is that, for a WEC applicable facility meeting the exemption 
criteria, the entire facility is exempted, and therefore the facility 
does not generate WEC-applicable emissions. In order to net, facilities 
must be WEC applicable facilities (they must emit over 25,000 mt 
CO2e per year under subpart W) and they must also generate 
WEC applicable emissions (methane emissions, as reported under subpart 
W, below or above the WEC emissions thresholds that are subject to 
charge.) Again, this follows from the text. Section 136(f)(4) applies 
``in calculating the total emissions charge obligation'' only. 
Emissions which are subject to an exemption are by definition not 
subject to charge. WEC applicable emissions are only those subpart W 
methane emissions subject to charge under section 136(c). Because WEC 
applicable facilities that receive the regulatory compliance exemption 
for the entire year would have zero WEC applicable emissions, these 
facilities would by default not be able to participate in netting 
(i.e., they would have no emissions to net). The approach of facilities 
with the regulatory compliance exemption for the entire year having 
zero WEC applicable emissions allows for the practical implementation 
of the exemption within the broader framework of the WEC calculations. 
Clarifying that, pursuant to the statutory directive, exempted 
facilities generate zero WEC applicable emissions ensures that charges 
shall not be imposed on these facilities without interfering with 
netting calculations or removing facility-specific reporting elements 
necessary for WEC implementation. Such facilities continue to be 
included in WEC filings reported under part 99 as long as they remain 
WEC applicable facilities. Further, if such facilities fall out of 
compliance such that the regulatory compliance exemption no longer 
applies and they again generate WEC applicable emissions, such 
facilities can again be included in netting. Similarly, for WEC 
applicable facilities that have partial eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption, as described in section II.D.2.f. of this 
preamble, such that they have positive WEC applicable emissions, those 
facilities would also be included in netting.
    The EPA notes that facilities with emissions below the waste 
emissions threshold would not have positive WEC applicable emissions 
and therefore would not benefit from the exemption. In this final rule, 
facilities with emissions below the waste emissions threshold would not 
receive the regulatory compliance exemption, and thus these facilities 
would always have WEC applicable emissions and be able to participate 
in netting across facilities under common ownership or control. Section 
II.D.2.f. of this preamble discusses the regulatory compliance 
exemption in relation to facilities that are below the waste emissions 
threshold.
c. Exclusion of Facilities Reporting 25,000 or Fewer Metric Tons of 
CO2e to Subpart W of Part 98
    Per CAA section 136(c), the WEC shall only be imposed on owners or 
operators of applicable facilities that report more than 25,000 mt 
CO2e under subpart W. A large number of facilities that 
report under the GHGRP have subpart W emissions below 25,000 mt 
CO2e because they report emissions under multiple subparts 
(e.g., subpart W and subpart C) and have total emissions greater than 
25,000 mt CO2e across multiple subparts. In addition, some 
part 98 subpart W facilities have reduced their emissions over time and 
are allowed to cease reporting or ``offramp'' due to meeting either the 
15,000 mt CO2e level or the 25,000 mt CO2e level 
for the number of years specified in 40 CFR 98.2(i) based on the 
CO2e reported, as calculated in accordance with 40 CFR 
98.3(c)(4)(i) (i.e., the annual emissions report value as specified in 
that provision).
    We are finalizing as proposed that subpart W facilities with 
subpart W emissions equal to or below 25,000 mt CO2e are not 
WEC applicable facilities and are therefore excluded from netting. This 
approach aligns with a plain reading of the requirement in CAA section 
136(c) that only applicable facilities with subpart W emissions 
exceeding 25,000 mt CO2e are subject to the WEC--facilities 
below this threshold are not subject to the WEC and therefore do not 
generate WEC applicable emissions and are not eligible to net 
emissions.
d. Exclusion of Facilities Not Required To Report to the GHGRP
    Per CAA section 136(c) and (d), CAA section 136(f)(4), and the 
definition of ``WEC Applicable Facility'' in 40 CFR 99.2, which 
reflects the statutory text at CAA section 136(d), we are finalizing as 
proposed that facilities that are not required to report to the GHGRP, 
and thus are not WEC applicable facilities, are not eligible for 
netting. Again following the reasoning outlined in section II.B.2.a. of 
this preamble, this approach is based on a plain reading of CAA section 
136(f)(4), which states that netting is allowed within and across the 
nine subpart W industry segments identified in CAA section 136(d); 
section 136(d), which states that ``applicable facility(ies)'' are 
facilities within industry segments ``as defined in subpart W''; and 
section 136(c), which states that the WEC is only applicable to subpart 
W facilities that report more than 25,000 mt CO2e per year 
under subpart W. Following the plain text, only facilities subject to 
subpart W may be evaluated as possible WEC applicable facilities, and 
only WEC applicable facilities (subpart W facilities emitting over 
25,000 mt CO2e under subpart W) can have WEC applicable 
emissions that may be subject to charge. As explained in section 
II.B.2.a. of this preamble, only WEC applicable facilities are eligible 
to net, and only WEC applicable emissions may be netted. Further, CAA 
section 136(c) states that the WEC is only applicable to certain 
facilities that report under subpart W of the GHGRP.

C. Waste Emissions Thresholds

    Congress established waste emissions thresholds for certain oil and 
gas operations to incentivize emissions reductions and efficient 
production, processing, and transport of hydrocarbons. These waste 
emissions thresholds are applied to individual oil and gas facilities; 
facilities that exceed

[[Page 91111]]

the thresholds may be subject to charge, while facilities that are 
below the threshold are not subject to charge. Building upon the 
definitions described in section II.A. of this preamble, this section 
explains the mechanics of the WEC calculations.
    The waste emissions thresholds are defined in terms of industry 
segment-specific methane intensity thresholds applicable to certain 
facilities that report GHG emissions under subpart W of the GHGRP. The 
industry segment-specific methane intensity thresholds specified in CAA 
136(f) and listed in Table 2 of this preamble are based on a rate of 
methane emissions per amount of natural gas or oil sent to sale from or 
through a facility. The industry segment-specific methane intensity 
thresholds are generally defined in terms of a percentage of throughput 
(e.g., 0.002 percent of natural gas sent to sale). However, since the 
WEC is based on metric tons of methane (e.g., $900/metric ton) that 
exceed the threshold, for the purposes of calculating the number of 
metric tons that are subject to charge, we are finalizing as proposed 
an approach that calculates the facility waste emissions thresholds in 
metric tons of methane.
    The EPA proposed specific calculation methodologies and data input 
elements for the WEC calculations. The EPA received comments supportive 
of the proposed approaches for the WEC calculations. We also received 
comments suggesting revisions to the proposed approaches for the waste 
emissions threshold calculation, the methane emissions metric used to 
determine facility tons above or below the waste emissions threshold, 
and the treatment of facilities with zero throughput. However, the 
proposed changes suggested by commenters would not be consistent with 
the plain reading of the CAA and would make the calculations much more 
complicated to implement without necessarily improving accuracy. 
Therefore, the EPA is finalizing the approaches discussed in this 
section of the preamble as proposed, with the exception of the 
treatment of certain facilities with zero throughput.
    For the onshore and offshore petroleum and natural gas production 
industry segments, CAA section 136(f) differentiates based on whether 
the facility is sending natural gas to sale or only sending oil to 
sale, and if the facility does not send natural gas to sale, the 
threshold is based on methane emissions per amount of oil sent to sale. 
For facilities that are not in the onshore or offshore production 
industry segments, the industry segment-specific methane intensity 
thresholds are based on the amount of natural gas sent to sale from or 
through the facility. The industry segment-specific methane intensity 
thresholds are applied to the natural gas or petroleum throughput 
attributable to that industry segment to calculate facility-specific 
waste emissions thresholds. See Table 2 for an overview of how the 
waste emissions thresholds are calculated. When determining whether a 
facility has WEC applicable emissions, the owner or operator of an 
applicable facility must compare the facility's reported methane 
emissions, as reported under subpart W, to the facility's waste 
emissions threshold. Facilities with methane emissions that exceed the 
waste emissions threshold may be subject to charge. For WEC applicable 
facilities with the same WEC obligated party, the WEC applicable 
emissions for each facility are summed to calculate the net WEC 
emissions for that WEC obligated party. For WEC obligated parties with 
the same parent company, WEC obligated parties with negative net 
emissions may transfer those negative emissions to WEC obligated 
parties with positive net emissions. A WEC obligated party's total WEC 
obligation is based on its total emissions at the end of this transfer 
of any negative emissions.
    Subpart W requires reporting of natural gas throughput by thousand 
standard cubic feet, oil by barrels, and methane by metric ton. As a 
practical matter, since the WEC is based on a dollar per metric ton of 
methane, the waste emissions thresholds must generally be converted 
into metric tons of methane for comparison against reported methane, 
generally by multiplying the thresholds by the density of methane.

  Table 2--Industry Segment Throughput Metrics and Methane Intensities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Industry segment-
       Industry segment          Throughput metric \a\  specific methane
                                                            intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Onshore petroleum and natural   The quantity of         0.20 percent of
 gas production.                 natural gas produced    natural gas
                                 from producing wells    sent to sale
                                 that is sent to sale    from facility;
                                 in the calendar year,   or 10 metric
                                 in thousand standard    tons of methane
                                 cubic feet 40 CFR       per million
                                 98.236(aa)(1)(i)(B);    barrels of oil
                                 or the quantity of      sent to sale
                                 crude oil produced      from facility,
                                 from producing wells    if facility
                                 that is sent to sale    sends no
                                 in the calendar year,   natural gas to
                                 in barrels, if          sale.
                                 facility sends no
                                 natural gas to sale
                                 under 40 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(1)(i)(C)
                                 \b\.
Offshore petroleum and natural  The quantity of         ................
 gas production.                 natural gas produced
                                 from producing wells
                                 that is sent to sale
                                 in the calendar year,
                                 in thousand standard
                                 cubic feet 40 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(2)(i); or
                                 the quantity of crude
                                 oil produced from
                                 producing wells that
                                 is sent to sale in
                                 the calendar year, in
                                 barrels, if facility
                                 sends no natural gas
                                 to sale under 40 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(2)(ii).
Onshore petroleum and natural   The quantity of         0.05 percent of
 gas gathering and boosting.     natural gas             natural gas
                                 transported through     sent to sale
                                 the facility to a       from or through
                                 downstream endpoint     facility.
                                 such as a natural gas
                                 processing facility,
                                 a natural gas
                                 transmission
                                 pipeline, a natural
                                 gas distribution
                                 pipeline, a storage
                                 facility, or another
                                 gathering and
                                 boosting facility in
                                 the calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(10)(ii).
Onshore natural gas processing  The quantity of         ................
                                 residue gas leaving
                                 that has been
                                 processed by the
                                 facility and any gas
                                 that passes through
                                 the facility to sale
                                 without being
                                 processed by the
                                 facility in the
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(ix)
                                 \b\.
Onshore natural gas             The quantity of         0.11 percent of
 transmission compression.       natural gas             natural gas
                                 transported through     sent to sale
                                 the compressor          from or through
                                 station in the          facility.
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR 98.236(aa)(4)(i).
Onshore natural gas             The quantity of         ................
 transmission pipeline.          natural gas
                                 transported through
                                 the facility and
                                 transferred to third
                                 parties such as LDCs
                                 or other transmission
                                 pipelines in the
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(11)(iv).
Underground natural gas         The quantity of         ................
 storage.                        natural gas withdrawn
                                 from storage and sent
                                 to sale in the
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR 98.236(aa)(5)(ii).

[[Page 91112]]

 
LNG import and export           For LNG import          0.05 percent of
 equipment.                      equipment, the          natural gas
                                 quantity of LNG         sent to sale
                                 imported that is sent   from or through
                                 to sale in the          facility.
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet; for LNG
                                 export equipment, the
                                 quantity of LNG
                                 exported that is sent
                                 to sale in the
                                 calendar year, in
                                 thousand standard
                                 cubic feet under 40
                                 CFR 98.236(aa)(6) and
                                 (7).
LNG storage...................  The quantity of LNG     ................
                                 withdrawn from
                                 storage and sent to
                                 sale in the calendar
                                 year, in thousand
                                 standard cubic feet
                                 under 40 CFR
                                 98.236(aa)(8)(ii).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Throughput metrics in this table are based on the subpart W
  reporting elements as effective January 1, 2025 and would apply for
  assessment of WEC beginning with reporting year 2025. Instances where
  the citation for the throughput metric for reporting year 2024 differs
  are noted in additional footnote. Note that in instances where there
  is no change to the citation for the segment-specific throughput
  metric, the EPA has amended the verbiage of subpart W, effective
  January 1, 2025, for consistency with CAA section 136. Refer to
  section III.U. of the preamble to the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule for
  full discussion of these amendments.
\b\ For reporting year 2024, the applicable subpart W throughput
  reporting element for the onshore natural gas processing industry
  segment is 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(ii).

1. Facility Waste Emissions Thresholds
    CAA section 136(f)(1) through (3) establishes facility-specific 
waste emissions thresholds above which the EPA must impose and collect 
the WEC. The CAA defines waste emissions threshold requirements, and 
establishes the method for calculation of the charge, for nine segments 
of the oil and gas industry.
    CAA section 136(f)(1) requires the EPA to impose and collect the 
WEC on facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
and offshore petroleum and natural gas production industry segments 
with methane emissions, in metric tons, that exceed either 0.20 percent 
of the natural gas sent to sale from the facility or, if no natural gas 
is sent to sale, 10 metric tons of methane per million barrels of oil 
sent to sale from the facility. To determine the waste emissions 
threshold from a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production and the offshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segments, the EPA is finalizing as proposed two 
equations based on whether the facility sends natural gas to sale, 
which reflect the statutory text at 136(f)(1)(A) and (B). For onshore 
and offshore petroleum and natural gas production WEC applicable 
facilities that send natural gas to sale, we are finalizing as proposed 
equation B-1 of 40 CFR 99.20(a). This equation multiplies the annual 
quantity of natural gas sent to sale from a WEC applicable facility by 
0.002 (i.e., 0.20 percent) and the density of methane (0.0192 metric 
tons per thousand standard cubic feet).\31\ For onshore and offshore 
petroleum and natural gas production facilities that have no natural 
gas sent to sale, we are finalizing as proposed equation B-2 of 40 CFR 
99.20(b). In equation B-2, the annual quantity of oil sent to sale from 
a WEC applicable facility is multiplied by 10 metric tons of methane 
per million barrels of oil.\32\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ Equation B-1 reflects the statutory text at 136(f)(1)(A), 
which states: ``With respect to imposing and collecting the charge 
under subsection (c) for an applicable facility [in the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production and offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segments], the Administrator shall 
impose and collect the charge on the reported metric tons of methane 
emissions from such facility that exceed (A) 0.20 percent of the 
natural gas sent to sale from such facility. . .'' 42 U.S.C. 
7436(f)(1)(A).
    \32\ Equation B-2 reflects the statutory text at 136(f)(1)(B), 
which states: ``With respect to imposing and collecting the charge 
under subsection (c) for an applicable facility [in the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production and offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segments], the Administrator shall 
impose and collect the charge on the reported metric tons of methane 
emissions from such facility that exceed. . . (B) 10 metric tons of 
methane per million barrels of oil sent to sale from such facility, 
if such facility sent no natural gas to sale.'' 42 U.S.C. 
7436(f)(1)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural 
gas gathering and boosting, onshore natural gas processing, LNG import 
and export equipment, and LNG storage industry segments, CAA section 
136(f)(2) requires the EPA to impose and collect a WEC on facilities 
with reported methane emissions, in metric tons, that exceed 0.05 
percent of the natural gas sent to sale from or through such facility. 
To determine the waste emissions threshold from a WEC applicable 
facility in these industry segments, we are finalizing as proposed 
equation B-3 under 40 CFR 99.20(c). This equation multiplies the annual 
quantity of natural gas sent to sale from or through a WEC applicable 
facility by 0.0005 (i.e., 0.05 percent) and the density of methane 
(0.0192 metric tons per thousand standard cubic feet) to determine the 
facility-level waste emissions threshold.\33\ The EPA notes that 
certain facilities in the gathering and boosting and natural gas 
processing industry segments may have zero throughput values using this 
approach, because these facilities either receive no natural gas, or 
process or dispose of natural gas received in a manner that results in 
sending zero quantities of natural gas to sale. Treatment of these 
facilities is discussed in section II.C.6. of this preamble.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ Equation B-3 reflects the statutory text at 136(f)(2), 
which states: ``With respect to imposing and collecting the charge 
under subsection (c) for an applicable facility in [the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting, onshore natural 
gas processing, LNG import and export equipment, and LNG storage 
industry segments], the Administrator shall impose and collect the 
charge on the reported metric tons of methane emissions that exceed 
0.05 percent of the natural gas sent to sale from or through such 
facility.'' 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CAA section 136(f)(3) requires the EPA to impose and collect a 
waste emissions charge on WEC applicable facilities in the onshore 
natural gas transmission compression, onshore natural gas transmission 
pipeline, and underground natural gas storage industry segments with 
methane emissions, in metric tons, that exceed 0.11 percent of the 
natural gas sent to sale from or through such facility. We are 
finalizing as proposed equation B-4 under 40 CFR 99.20(d) to calculate 
the waste emissions threshold from a WEC applicable facility in these 
industry segments. Equation B-4 multiplies the annual quantity of 
natural gas sent to sale from or through a WEC applicable facility by 
0.0011 (i.e., 0.11 percent) and the density of methane (0.0192 metric 
tons per thousand standard cubic feet) to determine the facility-level 
waste emissions threshold.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ Equation B-4 reflects the statutory text at 136(f)(3), 
which states: ``With respect to imposing and collecting the charge 
under subsection (c) for an applicable facility in [the onshore 
natural gas transmission compression, onshore natural gas 
transmission pipeline, and underground natural gas storage industry 
segments], the Administrator shall impose and collect the charge on 
the reported metric tons of methane emissions that exceed 0.11 
percent of the natural gas sent to sale from or through such 
facility.'' 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The annual quantity of natural gas sent to sale from or through a 
facility reported under subpart W is reported in units of thousand 
standard cubic feet of

[[Page 91113]]

natural gas per year, while facility methane emissions are reported in 
metric tons. The EPA interprets the industry segment-specific methane 
intensity thresholds (i.e., 0.20 percent, 0.05 percent, and 0.11 
percent) indicated in CAA section 136(f)(1) through (3) to be in units 
of thousand standard cubic feet of methane emissions per thousand 
standard cubic feet of natural gas. This requires reconciliation of 
methane emissions reported on mass basis and throughput reported on a 
volumetric basis. Because the waste emission charge is assessed using 
dollars per metric ton, the amount by which a facility is below or 
exceeding the waste emissions threshold must ultimately be converted to 
metric tons. The approach in equations B-1, B-3, and B-4 calculates 
facility waste emissions thresholds in metric tons by calculating the 
volume of gas at the given industry segment-specific methane intensity 
and then calculating what the mass of that volume would be if it were 
methane by multiplying by the density of methane (0.0192 metric tons 
per thousand standard cubic feet at standard temperature and pressure 
of 60 [deg]F and 14.7 psia). This allows the waste emissions threshold 
to be directly compared to reported metric tons of methane. This 
approach is mathematically equivalent to, but simpler than, an approach 
that would convert reported methane emissions to volume, subtract a 
volumetric waste emissions threshold from that reported volume, and 
then convert the resulting value back to metric tons methane. The EPA 
notes that the approach used in this final rule does not require 
information on the constituents or density of natural gas throughput.
    As described in this section of the preamble, the waste emissions 
thresholds are calculated at the facility level, using the industry 
segment-specific methane intensity threshold given in CAA sections 
136(f)(1) through (3), and specific industry segment throughput metrics 
reported under part 98, subpart W. The vast majority of facilities 
report as a single subpart W facility to a single subpart W industry 
segment. However, as discussed in section II.A. of this preamble, there 
are a small number of reporters that report as a single subpart W 
facility to multiple subpart W industry segments. Specifically, for 
facilities that report to multiple industry segments under a single 
subpart W facility, we are finalizing in 40 CFR 99.20(e) that the 
facility-level waste emissions threshold is determined as the sum of 
the waste emissions thresholds for each industry segment within which 
the facility operates.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed its interpretation of ``natural 
gas sent to sale'' to mean the amount of natural gas sent to sale from 
a facility in the onshore or offshore petroleum and natural gas 
industry segments, as reported under subpart W. The EPA is finalizing 
as proposed its interpretation of ``natural gas sent to sale from or 
through'' to mean the natural gas throughput volume for a facility not 
in the onshore or offshore petroleum and natural gas industry segments 
that aligns with the movement of gas through a facility (e.g., gas 
transported rather than gas received), as reported under subpart W. For 
facilities in the onshore and offshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segments that do not send natural gas to sale, the 
EPA is finalizing as proposed its interpretation of ``barrels of oil 
sent to sale'' to mean the quantity of crude oil sent to sale, as 
reported under subpart W.
    The EPA is aware of and received comment on other approaches for 
calculating ``methane intensity'' currently in use. These include 
methodologies that allocate total methane emissions between the 
petroleum and natural gas value chains and/or use methane rather than 
natural gas as the throughput value. CAA section 136(f)(1) through (3) 
refers to reported facility emissions and does not discuss allocation 
of emissions between petroleum and natural gas. In the case of the 
methane charge program established in CAA section 136, the statutory 
text is clear that facilities that produce only oil are to calculate 
the waste emissions threshold based on only on the quantity of oil sent 
to sale. The statutory text is clear that in all other cases, the 
quantity of natural gas sent to sale is the appropriate throughput 
value.\35\ Further, the final approach can be implemented with data 
currently reported under subpart W, while alternative methane intensity 
methodologies would require reporting of additional data and increase 
the burden on the oil and gas industry. For example, an approach that 
calculates intensity as methane emissions divided by the methane in 
natural gas throughput would require facilities to collect and report 
additional information of the methane content of natural gas. Again, 
this approach would not be aligned with the statute, which defines the 
intensity as methane emissions as a percentage of natural gas, not 
methane emissions as a percentage of methane. An approach that 
calculates methane intensity as the mass of methane emissions divided 
by the mass of natural gas would also not align with a plain reading of 
the statutory text or standard conventions. The natural gas sent to 
sale from or through a facility is reported under subpart W in thousand 
standard cubic feet, a volumetric unit of measure. Congress was aware 
of this metric when it established the waste emissions thresholds. 
Further, all percentage-based methane intensity metrics that the EPA is 
aware of are volume-based rather than mass-based, and while natural gas 
throughput is commonly reported both in terms of volume and energy 
content, it is not common practice to report throughput in terms of 
mass. Such an approach would also require facilities to collect and 
report detailed information on all of the constituents of natural gas 
throughput. Finally, an approach that allocates methane emissions 
between the petroleum and natural gas value chains based on energy 
content would not be aligned with the statute, which does not make any 
mention of allocating total facility methane emissions to the petroleum 
and natural gas value chains and assessing the WEC using a subset of 
total facility emissions. This approach would also require facilities 
to collect and report detailed data on the constituents and energy 
content of all hydrocarbon throughput. The EPA therefore believes that 
the approaches finalized in this rulemaking not only follow a plain 
reading of CAA section 136(f) but are also the best and most reasonable 
approaches.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ See 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(1)-(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Facility Methane Emissions
    To determine the total methane emissions from a WEC applicable 
facility, the EPA is finalizing as proposed to use facility-level 
methane data as reported under subpart W. Facility methane emissions 
must be calculated using methods or data required by subpart W and by 
this final rule for the emissions year covered by the annual WEC 
filing. For example, for the first year of the WEC (2024 emissions), 
WEC calculations are based on the subpart W requirements effective for 
the 2024 reporting year, and emissions year 2025 emissions and beyond 
are based on subpart W requirements effective in reporting year 2025 or 
any future revisions. The final approaches for calculating waste 
emissions thresholds and facility methane emissions align with the text 
of CAA section 136(f). CAA section 136(f)(1) through (3) states that 
the WEC is to be calculated based ``on the

[[Page 91114]]

reported metric tons of methane emissions from such facility that 
exceed'' specified percentages of the ``natural gas sent to sale from 
such facility'' or ``natural gas sent to sale from or through such 
facility'' (or for onshore and offshore petroleum facilities that do 
not send gas to sale, ``ten metric tons of methane per million barrels 
of oil sent to sale from such facility''). The EPA is finalizing its 
interpretation of ``reported metric tons of methane emissions'' to mean 
all reported methane emissions from a facility, as reported under 
subpart W, except in cases when emissions for stationary combustion 
emissions reported under 40 CFR 98.236(z) double-count emissions 
reported for an other large release event under 40 CFR 98.236(y), in 
which case the ``reported metric tons of methane emissions'' are 
adjusted according to the provisions finalized at 40 CFR 
99.7(b)(2)(ix). This value, only adjusted to prevent double-counting as 
specified, is an input to equation B-6 of 40 CFR 99.21.
    We are finalizing these provisions to adjust the subpart W methane 
emissions to prevent double-counting in the unlikely event that a 
stationary combustion source emits at the level requiring reporting as 
an other large release event in the subpart W report for a WEC 
applicable facility. In general, we did not expect that any stationary 
combustion source would have emissions above the threshold required to 
be reported under the provisions at 40 CFR 98.236(y) for other large 
release events. To qualify for reporting as an other large release 
event, the stationary combustion source must have methane emissions of 
100 kg/hr or greater. We note that this emission rate would be 
evaluated on a per individual stationary combustion source basis unless 
they have a single root cause and we do not believe any single 
stationary combustion source would emit methane at this level unless it 
was significantly malfunctioning. Therefore, we expect that stationary 
combustion sources would be reported under the provisions of other 
large release events only under rare circumstances. For sources other 
than stationary combustion sources that have calculation methods in 
subpart W, the 100 kg/hr threshold is evaluated incremental to the 
emissions estimated using the methods in subpart W and subpart W 
contains provisions in 40 CFR 98.233(y)(1)(ii) to prevent double-
counting of emissions reported under other large release events and 
these other subpart W calculation methods. However, stationary 
combustion emissions are subject to direct assessment of the 100 kg/hr 
threshold as specified in 40 CFR 98.233(y)(1)(i) with no provisions to 
revise emissions calculated under 98.233(z) for the period of time the 
stationary source was malfunctioning and emitting methane at rates 
exceeding 100 kg/hr. Therefore, it is possible, however unlikely, that 
there may be some double-counting of emissions being reported under 40 
CFR 98.236(y) and (z) and we are finalizing part 99 provisions to 
ensure that the total methane emissions (and the total CO2e 
emissions) for the facility are corrected for part 99 purposes to 
prevent this potential for double-counting of emissions under the WEC 
program. In the exceedingly unlikely event that the total 
CO2e for a facility drops below the 25,000 mt 
CO2e WEC reporting threshold as a result of this adjustment 
for double-counting of emissions, we are finalizing 40 CFR 
99.7(b)(2)(ix) related to the reporting requirements and assessment of 
WEC for such facilities. In this circumstance, the total facility 
applicable emissions and WEC applicable emissions for the facility 
would be defined as zero, and the facility would not be subject to 
reporting requirements beyond those necessary to link the facility to 
subpart W reporting and substantiate the existence of double-counting 
of emissions due to the reporting of stationary combustion source 
emissions as an other large release event.
3. Facility WEC Calculation
    To calculate the amount by which a WEC applicable facility is below 
or exceeding the waste emissions threshold, the EPA is finalizing as 
proposed to use equation B-6 of 40 CFR 99.21(a), in which the facility 
waste emissions threshold, as determined in 40 CFR 99.20, is subtracted 
from facility total methane emissions. This calculation results in a 
value of metric tons of methane, the total facility applicable 
emissions, that is negative for facilities below the waste emissions 
threshold and positive for facilities exceeding the waste emissions 
threshold. The remainder of 40 CFR 99.21 describes how to determine the 
WEC applicable emissions below or exceeding the waste emissions 
threshold considering any exemptions that may apply for WEC applicable 
facilities with total facility applicable emissions greater than 0 mt 
CH4 (see section II.D. of this preamble for more information 
on the exemptions). As discussed in section II.D.2. of this preamble, 
the EPA is finalizing as proposed that WEC applicable facilities 
receiving the regulatory compliance exemption for the entire year are 
exempted from the WEC, and therefore have zero WEC applicable 
emissions. Section II.D.2.g. of this preamble also explains the 
facility-level WEC applicable emissions calculation for facilities with 
partial eligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption. For 
facilities with total facility applicable emissions greater than 0 mt 
CH4 that are eligible for the unreasonable delay or plugged 
well exemptions, any methane emissions associated with those exemptions 
are subtracted to calculate WEC applicable emissions. See sections 
II.D.1.b and II.D.3.b of this preamble for explanation of how the 
quantity of methane emissions that qualify for exemption due to the 
unreasonable delay and plugged well exemptions, respectively, are 
calculated. These calculations rely upon methane emissions data 
reported to subpart W and calculation methodologies specified in this 
final rule. For all other facilities, facility applicable emissions are 
equal to WEC applicable emissions (unless the facility is receiving the 
regulatory compliance exemption).
4. Calculation Procedures for Netting
    As described in section II.B., the EPA is finalizing that the owner 
or operator is the WEC obligated party while allowing for netting among 
WEC obligated parties with the same parent company. This structure 
creates a potential mismatch in liability should one owner or operator 
incorrectly calculate their subpart W emissions and/or their WEC 
obligation, and then magnifies this error by netting emissions with 
another owner or operator with the same parent company. Therefore, in 
this section, the EPA is providing additional details and restrictions 
on how the netting calculations must be done when netting is used, and 
how the netting transactions must be tracked and reported.
    As described in section II.A.3. of this preamble, if a WEC 
applicable facility has multiple owners or operators, those entities 
must elect among themselves by binding agreement a single owner or 
operator as the WEC applicable facility's WEC obligated party for a 
given year. Similarly, if a WEC applicable facility has multiple parent 
companies, that facility's WEC obligated party must indicate in its 
certificate of representation for the reporting year and its annual WEC 
filing which parent company is selected for the purposes of designating 
the WEC obligated party's (i.e., owner's or operator's) netting pool. 
If a WEC applicable facility has multiple owners or operators and 
multiple parent companies, the owner or operator selected as the WEC 
obligated party and

[[Page 91115]]

the parent company selected for netting must be related (e.g., the WEC 
obligated party must be a subsidiary or at least partially owned by the 
parent company selected for netting). These requirements are included 
as part of the contents of the certificate of representation submitted 
by the WEC obligated party for the reporting year pursuant to the 
finalized requirements of 40 CFR 99.4(i) as well as the annual WEC 
filing pursuant to the finalized requirements of 40 CFR 99.7(b). Within 
the certificate of representation, the WEC obligated party must 
identify the WEC applicable facilities for which they are responsible 
for the reporting year as well as the parent company for which these 
facilities would be included in netting. Within the annual WEC filing, 
the WEC obligated party must indicate whether any of the WEC applicable 
facilities were acquired in transactions that resulted in the owners or 
operators for the facility as of December 31 of the reporting year 
ceasing to exist, and whether such facilities were associated with a 
parent company that is different from the WEC obligated party's parent 
company pursuant to the finalized requirements of 40 CFR 
99.7(b)(1)(iv). This reporting is required because as a result of the 
finalized requirement of 40 CFR 99.4, a WEC obligated party may become 
responsible for the reporting of a WEC applicable facility for which 
they were not an owner or operator of as of December 31 of the 
reporting year, and which may not have been under the common ownership 
or control of the WEC obligated party's parent company as of December 
31 of the reporting year.
    The EPA is finalizing rules and requirements at 40 CFR 99.23 to 
govern the transfer of net WEC emissions across WEC obligated parties 
with a common parent company. The first step in the finalized netting 
process is the calculation of metric tons of methane emissions equal 
to, below, or exceeding the waste emissions threshold, or WEC 
applicable emissions, for each WEC applicable facility as specified in 
40 CFR 99.21. The next step is summing WEC applicable emissions across 
all of a WEC obligated party's WEC applicable facilities. This 
calculation, finalized at 40 CFR 99.22(a) using equation B-8, yields 
net WEC emissions for each WEC obligated party. In circumstances where 
a WEC obligated party became responsible for facilities for which they 
were not an owner or operator of as of December 31 of the reporting 
year, the requirements at 40 CFR 99.2(b) and (c) would instead apply 
and the WEC obligated party would determine separate net WEC emission 
totals for their WEC applicable facilities that shared the same parent 
company as identified in the certificate of representation and those 
WEC applicable facilities that did not share the same parent company. 
The final step involves optional netting of emissions across WEC 
obligated parties with the same parent company. In this process, WEC 
obligated parties with negative net WEC emissions (as calculated using 
Equation B-8) may transfer those negative net WEC emissions to WEC 
obligated parties (with positive net WEC emissions) with the same 
parent company. After the negative net WEC emissions have been 
transferred as determined by each of the WEC obligated parties with a 
common parent company, each WEC obligated party's net WEC emissions 
after transfers, or total methane emissions above or below the waste 
emissions threshold is finalized. This final amount of metric tons 
methane is used to determine if a WEC obligated party owes a WEC 
obligation for the given year.
    Since the owner or operator is the WEC obligated party, they are 
ultimately responsible for the entire WEC payment associated with their 
total emissions above the waste emissions threshold. Although an 
individual owner or operator's WEC obligation may be reduced based on 
netting with another owner or operator that has WEC applicable 
emissions below the waste emissions threshold within the parameters 
specified, if those negative quantities of net WEC emissions are later 
invalidated, the WEC obligated party who received the negative WEC 
emissions to reduce their WEC obligation would be required to resubmit 
their WEC filing to remove the negative WEC emissions from their 
calculations and would have to adjust their payment accordingly. 
Provisions applicable to this scenario are finalized at 40 CFR 
99.23(f)(2).
    A key element of WEC obligated party netting is that WEC obligated 
parties with zero or negative net WEC emissions cannot be subject to 
charge. A WEC obligated party with negative net WEC emissions may 
transfer negative quantities of net WEC emissions to WEC obligated 
parties with whom it shares the same parent company as finalized at 40 
CFR 99.23(a), but it can never receive positive emissions. Similarly, 
the WEC obligation of a WEC obligated party can never exceed the charge 
that would be calculated using their net WEC emissions. The WEC 
obligated party's positive net WEC emissions after transfers can 
decrease but can never increase as a result of netting. In other words, 
only negative quantities of net WEC emissions can be transferred, and 
positive quantities of net WEC emissions cannot be transferred as 
finalized at 40 CFR 99.23(b). Further, negative net WEC emissions and 
negative net WEC emissions after transfers cannot be banked or 
otherwise saved for a future WEC filing year; all negative net WEC 
emissions and negative net WEC emissions after transfers are valid only 
for the WEC filing year in which they were created.
    The EPA is also finalizing requirements to address impacts to 
netting that result from WEC filing resubmissions. While the EPA 
expects that most questions related to unverified subpart W data will 
be resolved by the time of the WEC filing, continued revisions to 
subpart W reports or WEC filing resubmissions that impact emissions 
(e.g., revisions to exemption data) could impact a WEC obligated 
party's net WEC emissions and thus netting. These include situations in 
which revisions invalidate negative net WEC emissions that have been 
transferred and situations in which revisions result in additional 
negative net WEC emissions that become available for transfer. As 
discussed in section III.B. of this preamble, resubmissions of WEC 
filings, including the applicable subpart W data, will not be accepted 
after December 15 unless the resubmission is related to eligibility for 
the regulatory compliance exemption, resolution of the verification 
process (including third-party auditing), or otherwise permitted by the 
Administrator.
    The EPA is finalizing that any WEC obligated party that receives 
negative net WEC emissions loses the benefit of those negative net WEC 
emissions if they are later invalidated. For example, if WEC obligated 
party A transferred negative 10 metric tons of methane to WEC obligated 
party B with the same parent company, but a revision to the WEC filing 
for the WEC obligated party A results in the 10 metric tons of negative 
emissions being eliminated, the final WEC emissions of the WEC 
obligated party B that received the emissions will revert to the number 
it was before the 10 metric tons were subtracted from the total. This 
means that in this circumstance, the final WEC emissions of receiving 
WEC obligated party B would increase by 10 metric tons.
    To determine how previously transferred negative net WEC emissions 
that are later invalidated are removed from netting when multiple WEC 
obligated parties receive negative tons, the order in which transfers 
were approved by the designated

[[Page 91116]]

representative of the WEC obligated party receiving the transfer in 
accordance with the finalized requirement of 40 CFR 99.23(c) will be 
used on a ``last in first out'' basis. This indicates the order and 
amount of negative net WEC emissions that are removed from the net WEC 
emissions after transfers of a WEC obligated party that receives any 
negative net WEC emissions, should any of the negative net WEC 
emissions be invalidated. Affected WEC obligated parties would be 
required to submit a revised WEC filing and pay any new charge or 
increase in charge pursuant to the finalized requirements of 40 CFR 
99.7(e) and 99.8(d). In situations where revisions to WEC filings 
result in additional negative net WEC emissions becoming available for 
netting, the applicable WEC obligated party with newly available 
negative net WEC emissions for transfer may transfer those negative net 
WEC emissions to another eligible WEC obligated party. The receiving 
WEC obligated party may then refile. The EPA will then provide any 
applicable refunds post verification of the amended report. Provisions 
applicable to the change in availability of transferred WEC emissions 
as a result of revisions to the WEC filing for the WEC obligated party 
that provided the transfers are finalized at 40 CFR 99.23(f). All of 
these requirements are designed to allow for netting at the parent 
company level while addressing the potential mismatch in WEC 
obligations should one owner or operator incorrectly calculate their 
WEC obligation and then magnify this error by netting with another 
owner or operator with the same parent company.
    The EPA is finalizing reporting and recordkeeping requirements at 
40 CFR 99.23 for WEC obligated party emissions netting. As finalized at 
40 CFR 99.23(c), each transfer of negative quantities of net WEC 
emissions must be completed in an electronic format specified by the 
Administrator. The EPA anticipates that these transfers will occur in 
an electronic system similar to the existing e-GGRT system used by the 
GHGRP. Each transfer must be initiated by the designated representative 
of the WEC obligated party that is transferring the negative quantities 
of net WEC emissions. The transfer will be considered to have occurred 
at such time that the designated representative of the WEC obligated 
party that is receiving the transfer approves receipt of the transfer. 
The electronic system will record the metric tons of negative WEC 
emissions that are transferred, the WEC obligated parties involved in 
each transfer, and the time that the designated representative of the 
WEC obligated party receiving the transfer approved receipt. These 
records will establish the order of precedence for these metric tons 
under the finalized requirement of 40 CFR 99.23(f)(2) related to 
transfers that are later invalidated. These electronic records are 
essential to establish the requirements for facilities to participate 
in netting, as allowed by CAA section 136(f)(4). Finally, WEC obligated 
parties that transfer and receive negative net WEC emissions must 
maintain all records associated with the transactions, including but 
not limited to any value exchanged, if applicable, for emissions 
transferred to each WEC obligated party under the finalized requirement 
of 40 CFR 99.23(g).
5. Waste Emissions Charge Calculation
    CAA section 136(e) establishes annual $/metric ton charges for all 
methane emissions for which a charge is owed. The EPA is finalizing as 
proposed that a WEC obligated party's total annual WEC obligation is 
calculated by multiplying its net WEC emissions after transfers, as 
determined by Equation B-8 and after any transfer of emissions pursuant 
to 40 CFR 99.23, by the annual $/metric ton charge. WEC obligated 
parties with net WEC emissions after transfers less than or equal to 
zero do not have a WEC obligation. WEC obligated parties with net WEC 
emissions after transfers greater than zero have a WEC obligation and 
are required to pay a waste emissions charge. WEC obligation 
calculations are to be made for calendar years 2024, 2025, 2026, and 
each year thereafter as per 40 CFR 99.24.
6. Gathering and Boosting and Processing Facilities With Zero Reported 
Throughput
    The EPA is aware of a small number of gathering and boosting and 
natural gas processing facilities that emit methane and report under 
subpart W, but do not send gas to sale. As a result, these facilities 
would report zero natural gas volumes for the throughput metrics used 
in the waste emissions threshold calculations. For the gathering and 
boosting industry segment, these may be facilities that receive natural 
gas but then reinject it underground or otherwise do not transport any 
natural gas. For the processing industry segment, these may be 
fractionation plants that only receive and process natural gas liquids 
(NGLs) and do not handle natural gas. We proposed that all reported 
methane emissions from facilities with no reported throughput would be 
considered to be exceeding the waste emissions threshold. We received 
comments disagreeing with the EPA's proposed approach and 
interpretation of the statutory text, indicating that WEC applicable 
facilities that do not send gas to sale are not contemplated by the 
statute and that it is inappropriate for the EPA to impose a charge in 
the absence of an applicable threshold. After continued review of the 
statutory text and consideration of comments received on the treatment 
of these facilities, we are finalizing a determination that these 
facilities do not generate WEC applicable emissions, and therefore will 
not be subject to charge. Using Equation B-3 under 40 CFR 99.20(c), 
gathering and boosting and processing facilities with zero natural gas 
throughput would have a waste emissions threshold of 0 mt; all reported 
methane emissions from these facilities would therefore be exceeding 
the threshold. However, CAA section 136(f)(2), the statutory text from 
which Equation B-3 is derived, states that the waste emissions 
threshold is calculated using the ``natural gas sent to sale from or 
though'' a facility. These specific types of gathering and boosting and 
processing facilities do not send any natural gas to sale. Therefore, 
based on the language in CAA section 136(f)(2), it would not be 
appropriate to subject these facilities to charge. Although the EPA is 
not aware of facilities in industry segments other than gathering and 
boosting and processing that would report emissions to subpart W of 
more than 25,000 mt CO2e while having zero throughput of 
natural gas or oil sent sales, the EPA believes the same interpretation 
should apply that they would not be subject to charge. The EPA is 
finalizing language at 40 CFR 99.21 that for a WEC applicable facility 
for which the waste emissions threshold is zero, the total facility 
applicable emissions (i.e., the methane emissions equal to, below, or 
exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable facility 
prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions) and the WEC 
applicable emissions (i.e., the methane emissions equal to, below, or 
exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable facility 
after consideration of any applicable exemptions) are both zero.

D. Exemptions to the Waste Emissions Charge

    Congress created three exemptions to the WEC to reduce or eliminate 
the charge under certain circumstances. The first exempts emissions 
that result from eligible delays in environmental permitting. The 
second exempts from

[[Page 91117]]

charge those facilities that are in compliance with applicable CAA 
section 111 regulations, once certain criteria are met. The third 
exempts emissions from wells that are permanently plugged. The EPA 
received numerous comments indicating that the proposal made accessing 
the exemptions designed by Congress infeasible and impractical. In this 
final rule, the EPA has made a number of changes to the exemptions, in 
particular the regulatory compliance exemption, to ensure that access 
to, and implementation of, these exemptions is appropriate and 
consistent with the best reading of the statute. In addition, the EPA 
is clarifying in this final rule that a WEC obligated party may elect 
whether or not to submit a claim for exemption for a WEC applicable 
facility that meets the applicability requirements for each exemption.
1. Exemption for Emissions From Eligible Delays in Environmental 
Permitting (CAA Section 136(f)(5))
    The permitting delay exemption created by CAA section 136(f)(5) 
allows for production facilities to reduce their WEC obligation if the 
permitting of natural gas offtake infrastructure is delayed 
unreasonably. Congress identified unreasonable delays in approval of 
permits for offtake infrastructure as a possible barrier to methane 
mitigation for WEC obligated parties, particularly because these delays 
could prevent increased volumes of natural gas from being routed to a 
sales line, and therefore directed the EPA to determine what 
constitutes an unreasonable delay. In this action, the EPA is 
finalizing provisions that clarify the definition of an unreasonable 
delay for the purposes of this exemption, under what circumstances the 
permitting delay exemption will be available to WEC obligated parties, 
and what emissions (i.e., from what sources) are eligible for the 
exemption.
    CAA section 136(f)(5) establishes an exemption for emissions 
resulting from delay in environmental permitting by stating, ``Charges 
shall not be imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on emissions that exceed 
the waste emissions threshold specified in such paragraph if such 
emissions are caused by unreasonable delay, as determined by the 
Administrator, in environmental permitting of gathering or transmission 
infrastructure necessary for offtake of increased volume as a result of 
methane emissions mitigation implementation.''
    This provision exempts from the charge certain emissions occurring 
at facilities in the onshore and offshore production segments where 
permitting has been unreasonably delayed. Paragraph (1) referenced in 
the exemption refers to CAA section 136(f)(1), which establishes the 
waste emissions threshold for applicable facilities in the production 
sector, as discussed in section II.B. of this preamble. The exemption 
is limited to emissions occurring as a result of certain delays in 
environmental permitting of gathering or transmission infrastructure 
necessary for offtake of increased volume as a result of methane 
emissions mitigation implementation. The EPA interprets ``gathering or 
transmission infrastructure necessary for offtake'' to include 
gathering and transmission pipelines and compressor stations, and 
``increased volume as a result of methane emissions mitigation 
implementation'' to include increased amounts of natural gas at on- or 
offshore production facilities available for transport that would have 
otherwise been emitted if not for an unreasonable delay in the 
environmental permitting of offtake infrastructure.
a. Emissions Eligible for the Permitting Delay Exemption
    To assist in defining and determining ``unreasonable delay'' 
related to environmental permitting, the EPA is finalizing a set of 
four criteria for applying the unreasonable delay exemption established 
by CAA section 136(f)(5). These criteria only apply in the context of 
determining eligible emission exemptions for the implementation of CAA 
136(f)(5) and this final rulemaking; they are not intended to speak to 
the reasonableness of a permitting delay in any other context. The EPA 
understands that the issue of what constitutes an unreasonable delay is 
multi-faceted and may be quite different under different regulatory and 
factual circumstances. At the same time, the EPA believes it is 
important in the context of this program to provide a definition that 
is consistent with the statutory charge, practical for the EPA to 
administer, and straightforward for applicable facilities to follow. 
With those caveats in mind, the EPA is finalizing the following four 
criteria for implementing this exemption, largely as proposed: (1) the 
facility must have emissions that exceed the waste emissions threshold; 
(2) the entity seeking the exemption must have not contributed to the 
delay in permitting; (3) the exempted emissions must be those resulting 
from gas used as an onsite fuel source, gas used for another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, gas reinjected into a well, or gas flared, if that gas would 
have been routed to a gas gathering flow line or collection system to a 
sales line without the permit delay; and (4) a period of 36 months must 
have passed from the time a submitted permit application was determined 
to be technically complete by the applicable permitting authority.
    The EPA believes this approach aligns with the statutory text and 
meets the Congressional intent of this exemption, while also providing 
reporting facilities with a clear and predictable set of criteria that 
the EPA can apply in a timely manner. The EPA requested and received 
comment on numerous aspects of this exemption. Comments on the four 
proposed criteria for determining exemption eligibility are discussed 
in the following paragraphs. Several commenters recommended that the 
EPA retain strong and clear criteria in the final rule for operators 
seeking an exemption based on unreasonable environmental permitting 
delays. Separate from the four criteria, several commenters were 
opposed to the proposed approach of using defined criteria for 
assessing exemption eligibility and recommended that the EPA evaluate 
each eligibility claim on a case-by-case basis. These commenters stated 
that the circumstances of each individual permitting delay are unique 
such that they can only be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The EPA 
decided against such an approach in this final rule for several 
reasons. Reviews of the individual circumstances of each situation 
would run counter to Congressional intent because facilities would be 
unable to predict what they owe, take action to limit any applicable 
charge, or settle their WEC obligation in a timely manner, potentially 
leading to payments that were later found subject to this exemption. 
The approach the EPA is adopting means that payments are more likely to 
align with amounts owed, including applicable exemptions, and thus more 
closely track the purpose for which Congress included this exemption. A 
case-by-case approach would also create a significant time and resource 
burden for both regulated entities and for the EPA. We expect that many 
types of permitting situations can arise, with many permutations. If 
industry were required to demonstrate unreasonable delay on a case-by-
case basis, the review process would have resulted in uncertainty for 
industry and could have led to a significant backlog, thus making the 
annual calculation of the WEC obligation unduly burdensome. In 
addition, case-by-case decision making would require repeated exercise 
of judgment, which could lead

[[Page 91118]]

to inconsistent results and protracted disputes, interfering with the 
Congressional purpose in including this exemption. In order to ensure 
that the unreasonable delay exemption can be administered in an 
efficient manner, and to provide industry with clear and predictable 
requirements that must be met to receive this exemption, the EPA is 
finalizing the proposed approach of utilizing four set criteria to 
evaluate eligibility for the unreasonable delay exemption. As described 
in this section, the EPA has finalized certain changes to the 
individual criteria, after consideration of comments, to increase the 
accessibility and practicality of implementing this exemption.
    The EPA notes that the four criteria used to evaluate eligibility 
for the WEC unreasonable delay exemption, including the timeframe, are 
for the purpose of defining the emissions eligible for an exemption for 
the purposes of the implementation of CAA 136(f)(5) and this rulemaking 
only and are not applicable for defining an unreasonable delay outside 
of this context. The criteria in this section do not apply to the 
determination of unreasonable delay for purposes of the National 
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Administrative Procedure Act 
(APA), or any other law involved in permitting processes or any other 
agency actions. In particular, the timeline criterion should not be 
considered applicable or informative to the determination of 
unreasonable delay in any context other than determining emission 
exemptions for the implementation of CAA 136(f)(5) and this rulemaking.
    The first criterion, that the facility must have emissions that 
exceed the waste emissions threshold, is based on CAA 136(f)(5), which 
states that ``charges shall not be imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on 
emissions that exceed the waste emissions threshold specified in such 
paragraph if such emissions are caused by unreasonable delay.'' A 
straightforward reading of this language limits the exemption to 
emissions exceeding the waste emissions threshold. Since charges will 
not be imposed if emissions are below the waste emissions thresholds, 
an exemption is unnecessary in such cases and, as per the statutory 
text, not applicable. For facilities that exceed the waste emissions 
threshold, emissions eligible for the permitting delay exemption will 
be subtracted from the facility emissions that exceed the waste 
emissions threshold. The exempted emissions will not be used to reduce 
emissions totals below the threshold (i.e., the lowest possible WEC 
applicable emissions for a facility with the exemption are zero).
    The second criterion relates to responsiveness on the part of the 
production sector WEC applicable facility that is reporting emissions 
caused by a delay in gathering or transmission infrastructure: the 
entity potentially eligible for the exemption (i.e., a WEC obligated 
party's WEC applicable facility in the onshore or offshore production 
sector) cannot have contributed to the unreasonable delay in 
permitting. We proposed that neither the WEC obligated party seeking 
the exemption, nor the entity responsible for seeking the permit, may 
have contributed to the delay. Several commenters explained that the 
production facilities seeking the exemption are often separate from the 
midstream entities seeking the permit, and that the production 
companies may have no control or influence over the midstream company's 
interaction with permitting authorities. After consideration of 
comments received on this criterion, we recognize that there may be 
limited or no control by the WEC obligated party seeking the exemption 
over the responsiveness of a separate permittee. Therefore, to increase 
the accessibility of this WEC exemption, the EPA is finalizing that 
only the WEC obligated party seeking the exemption is relevant for the 
criteria of contribution to delay in the environmental permitting 
process.
    Contributions to the delay by the WEC obligated party seeking to 
exempt a portion of their emissions from one or more WEC applicable 
facilities due to an unreasonable delay will be determined based upon 
the timeliness of response to requests for additional information or 
modification of the permit application, as applicable. A WEC obligated 
party seeking this exemption may or may not be the entity seeking the 
permit, but still may be required to provide permit relevant 
information. Delays in response by the WEC obligated party seeking the 
exemption exceeding the response time requested or agreed to by the 
permitting agency regarding requests for additional information or a 
permit application revision, or responses that exceed 30 days from the 
request if no specific response time is requested, are considered to 
contribute to the delay in processing the permit application. Upon 
review and consideration of comments regarding clarification on whether 
lawsuits contributing to delays in the permitting process would be 
included in this exemption, the EPA is finalizing that delays from 
litigation in the environmental permitting process of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure are generally eligible for this exemption, 
except in those cases when the entity requesting the exemption is a 
plaintiff in said lawsuit. Therefore, the EPA is finalizing that delays 
contributed by the entity seeking the exemption either through delayed 
response or unresponsiveness during the permitting process or through 
initiation of a lawsuit regarding the permitting process in question 
are ineligible for the exemption. Note that this determination of what 
constitutes a delay eligible for the exemption in environmental 
permitting is specific solely to implementation of CAA section 
136(f)(5) and this rulemaking for part 99 and is not applicable to any 
other section of the CAA, or any permitting program administered by the 
EPA or other Federal permitting authorities, or by a State, Tribal or 
local permitting authority.
    The third criterion is that the exempted emissions must be those 
resulting from specific emissions sources and activities. The EPA 
proposed that only flared emissions would be eligible for the 
exemption. The EPA received comment recommending that emissions from 
other sources also be eligible for the exemption. Specifically, 
commenters requested adding emissions resulting from activities that 
are compliance options for associated gas under NSPS OOOOb and EG 
OOOOc. The EPA agrees that emissions from the implementation of these 
additional methane emissions mitigation activities should be eligible 
for exemption, and notes that beneficial use and reinjection are often 
preferable to flaring, as demonstrated by the NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc 
associated gas compliance options' infeasibility determination 
requirement prior to routing gas to a control device. After 
consideration of these comments, the EPA is finalizing a revised list 
of emissions sources that are eligible for the exemption to more 
closely align the WEC with the 2024 NSPS/EG rule: the use of gas as an 
onsite fuel source, gas used for another useful purpose that an 
otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, gas 
reinjected into a well, and flaring of gas. The EPA is finalizing that 
emissions from these sources must meet two criteria to be eligible for 
exemption: (1) all activities associated with these emissions must be 
in compliance with all applicable environmental local, State, and 
Federal regulations, and (2) the emissions must have only occurred as 
the result of an unreasonable delay in permitting, as

[[Page 91119]]

defined in this section of the preamble and 40 CFR 99.30. The EPA 
believes that this approach reasonably follows from the text of section 
136(f)(5), which exempts emissions caused by unreasonable delay in the 
permitting of ``gathering or transmission infrastructure necessary for 
offtake of increased volume as a result of methane emissions mitigation 
implementation.'' \36\ Other emissions occurring at the wellsite are 
not exempt because they are not associated with the delay or because 
they do not occur in compliance with applicable regulations. Any 
emissions from activities that are not in compliance with applicable 
regulations are ineligible for the exemption. This approach accords 
with the text of section 136(f)(5), which states that the exemption is 
for emissions occurring as a result of unreasonable delay in permitting 
required for the build out of infrastructure ``necessary for offtake of 
increased volume as a result of methane emissions mitigation'' \37\ The 
EPA understands that this provision is designed to exempt emissions 
from activities done in compliance with regulations, where sources are 
prepared to capture gas but cannot yet do so due to lack of offtake 
infrastructure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ 42 U.S.C. 7436(f)(5) (emphasis added).
    \37\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The fourth criterion is that an eligible ``unreasonable delay'' 
would be a delay that exceeds 36 months from the date that a submitted 
environmental permit application was determined to be technically 
complete by the relevant permitting authority. This time period is not 
tied to the timing of the WEC; a facility that meets all four criteria 
would be eligible for the exemption in the first year of the WEC if the 
time period requirement has been met. The relevant permitting authority 
could be the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 
or other Federal, State or local agencies that issue environmental 
permits. The environmental permitting process can require multiple 
steps, and target dates for permit actions can vary by regulatory 
agency and depend, for example, on whether the relevant permit is for a 
new or existing source, or whether the action is a major or minor 
modification. This 36-month timeframe for unreasonable delay is 
intended to provide a predictable process for determination of this 
exemption, given that there are so many different contexts in which it 
might apply, and the unreasonableness of each could vary widely, and is 
not specific to particular permitting actions or agency timelines.
    The EPA proposed a timeline somewhere in the range of 30 to 42 
months, with the default to be specified in this final rule after 
consideration of comments received. This preliminary range was based on 
the EPA's understanding of timelines for oil and gas permitting across 
Federal agencies. In particular, the preliminary range was informed by 
the EPA's review of data made available through the Federal Permitting 
Improvement Steering Council (FPISC) through Title 41 of the Fixing 
America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST-41). The ``Recommended 
Performance Schedules for 2020'' released by FPISC contains data for 
the Federal review and permitting of 18 pipeline projects under the 
FAST-41 program.\38\ For these projects, the mean time from receipt by 
FERC of a complete application to the issuance of a certificate of 
public convenience and necessity for interstate natural gas pipelines 
was 23 months, with three of the 18 projects (17 percent) exceeding 30 
months. Criteria for inclusion in the FAST-41 program include projects 
that are considered likely to require investment exceeding $200,000,000 
and that do not qualify for abbreviated review under applicable law; or 
projects of a size and complexity that the FPISC determines are likely 
to benefit from inclusion.\39\ On this basis, the EPA believes the 
FAST-41 dataset may be a conservative population (i.e., require more 
complex environmental review and permitting) when compared to the total 
of all gathering or transmission infrastructure projects.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, ``2020 
Recommended Performance Schedules.'' Federal Infrastructure 
Permitting Dashboard. April 6, 2020. https://www.permits.performance.gov/fpisc-content/recommended-performance-schedules. Accessed August 28, 2023.
    \39\ Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, ``FAST-41 
Fact Sheet.'' Federal Infrastructure Permitting Dashboard. September 
13, 2022. https://www.permits.performance.gov/documentation/fast-41-fact-sheet. Accessed August 28, 2023.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed range of 30 to 42 months also took into account the 
2023 Fiscal Responsibility Act, which set a limit under the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1 year for completion of an Environmental 
Assessment and 2 years for completion of an Environmental Impact 
Statement unless extended by the lead agency in consultation with the 
applicant or project sponsor. However, the amount of time necessary to 
complete an Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement 
will vary depending on the specific agency action at issue, and the 
proposed timeline was not intended to reflect a determination of the 
reasonable length of a time necessary to complete such analysis in any 
specific instance. For projects requiring approval or permitting from a 
Federal agency, completion of an Environmental Assessment or 
Environmental Impact Statement must occur prior to the agency taking a 
final agency action. Additional steps in the process that must be 
completed following completion of review under NEPA may add several 
months to the overall timeframe (e.g., convening of FERC to approve or 
deny a certificate of public convenience and necessity).
    The EPA did not receive substantive comments supporting a specific 
number of months from the proposed range of 30 to 42 months. 
Considering our analyses, and in an effort to simplify and streamline 
requests for this exemption, we determined that an approach of 36 
months is appropriate and in alignment with the Congressional intent of 
specifying delays that are unreasonable, only for the purposes of this 
unreasonable environmental permitting delay exemption under the WEC.
    All four criteria must be met and verified by the EPA for emissions 
to be eligible for this exemption. No single factor, including timing, 
is determinative as to whether a delay is unreasonable in the context 
of this exemption. We are not assessing whether a delay of a period of 
36 months alone (i.e., in the absence of the other three criteria) 
should be considered unreasonable in the context of this exemption, and 
we are not assessing the reasonableness of a particular timeframe or 
collection of conditions outside of the context of this exemption 
specific to CAA section 136. An assessment of reasonableness in any 
other context depends on the circumstances specific to that context, 
which can vary considerably and there is no straightforward way to 
determine whether a delay is reasonable or unreasonable that applies to 
all contexts.
b. Calculation of Emissions Resulting From an Unreasonable Delay
    Through the provisions at 40 CFR 99.32, the EPA is finalizing that 
exempted emissions are those resulting from gas used as an onsite fuel 
source, used for another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased 
fuel or raw material would have served, reinjected into a well, or 
flared, and these emissions were caused by the delay. Exempted 
emissions are the methane emissions (or a subset of the methane 
emissions from these activities) reported

[[Page 91120]]

under subpart W. To calculate the exempted emissions quantity, the 
entity must determine the time period within the reporting year 
associated with the emissions that occurred as a result of the delay. 
The delay begins when emissions would have been avoided through the 
operation of the gathering or transmission infrastructure, not when 
construction would have begun, as in many cases the infrastructure 
would not be immediately in place and operational at the time of 
permitting approval. For example, a permit to construct might be needed 
before construction begins, and construction could take months or more 
before the infrastructure would be in place. Where the exempted 
emissions cover the entire reporting year, the exempted emissions are 
the total reported to part 98 for the exempted sources. The exempted 
flaring emissions would be the total reported to part 98 for flare 
stacks, associated gas flaring, and the portion of offshore methane 
emissions attributable to flaring. Note that for reporting year 2024, 
where a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) was used to 
measure emissions from a flare stack, the volume of gas sent to that 
flare stack and associated methane emissions would not be quantified 
under the final requirements of this part at 40 CFR 99.32(b)(4) and 
99.32(c)(8), respectively. This is because pursuant to 40 CFR 
98.236(n)(12), methane emissions are not reported for these flare 
stacks in reporting year 2024 and thus there is no associated quantity 
of emissions to exempt from charge. Regarding emissions from gas used 
as an onsite fuel source, the exempted emissions would be the total 
methane emissions reported to part 98 for onsite combustion and 
crankcase venting. For emissions from gas used for another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, the exempted emissions would be the total methane emissions 
reported to part 98 for combustion, crankcase venting, and associated 
equipment leaks. For those emissions from the reinjection of excess gas 
into the well or injection into another well, the exempted emissions 
would be those methane emissions reported to part 98 associated with 
combustion from compressor drivers, crankcase venting, reciprocating or 
centrifugal compressor venting (associated with reinjection), and 
equipment leaks (for those components associated with well injection).
    Where exempted emissions occur in only a fraction of a reporting 
year, the facility is to use data on applicable emissions over that 
timeframe if available, and if unavailable, the facility is to adjust 
applicable part 98 reported emissions using the fraction of the year 
that the exemption is available. Where applicable emissions impacted by 
permitting delay only account for a portion of the total emissions from 
exempted sources (i.e., associated gas flaring, combustion, compressor 
emissions), the facility is to adjust their part 98 reported emissions 
for these sources using company records and/or engineering 
calculations. We sought comment but received none specifically on the 
provisions regarding the use of reported flaring emissions to determine 
exempted emissions, the use of part 98 data, and the approaches for 
quantifying emissions for fractions of the reporting year.
c. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for the Exemption for 
Emissions Resulting From a Permit Delay
    Through the provisions at 40 CFR 99.31, the WEC obligated party 
seeking to exempt a portion of their emissions from one or more WEC 
applicable facilities must provide information on each well pad or 
offshore platform impacted by the delay. This includes the type of 
permit, permitting authority, the company name and name of the facility 
that submitted the permit application, and the date that the permit 
application was complete. The WEC obligated party must report the 
planned timing of the commencement of the offtake of gas had the permit 
not been delayed. This includes a listing of the methane emissions 
mitigation activities that are impacted by the delay and the volumes of 
gas associated with and emissions from the use of gas as an onsite fuel 
source, the use of gas for another useful purpose that an otherwise 
purchased fuel or raw material would have served, reinjection of the 
gas into a well, and the flaring of gas, if that gas would have been 
routed to gathering or transmission infrastructure. This reporting also 
includes information used in the calculation of emissions from the use 
of gas as an onsite fuel source, the use of gas for another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, reinjection of the gas into a well, and the flaring of gas that 
is necessary for verification of emissions calculations and is not 
reported to subpart W of the GHGRP. This also includes a certification 
of compliance with all applicable local, State, and Federal regulations 
regarding said emissions. While a listing of each of these applicable 
regulations is not required to be reported, retention of a record 
listing of all applicable local, State, and Federal regulations is 
required. The WEC obligated party must report the time period 
associated with the emissions that occurred as a result of the delay 
within the filing year. The WEC obligated party must also certify that 
the production segment entity impacted by the delay did not contribute 
to the unreasonable delay. The EPA requires this information for the 
verification of exemption eligibility and of exempted emission 
quantity. Reported information will be used to conduct verification as 
discussed in section III.A.4., and reported information, records and 
other information as applicable will be used to conduct any auditing 
that occurs under section III.E.1.
2. Regulatory Compliance Exemption Under CAA Section 136(f)(6)
    The regulatory compliance exemption created in CAA section 
136(f)(6) allows for WEC applicable facilities subject to methane 
emissions requirements pursuant to CAA section 111(b) and (d) to claim 
an exemption from paying the charge if certain criteria are met. As 
such, Congress explicitly exempts WEC applicable facilities that are in 
compliance with NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing plans from having 
to pay the charge. The criteria for exemption from the WEC established 
by Congress provide a strong incentive for States to develop timely and 
effective State plans under EG OOOOc and for facilities to comply with 
the regulations for new and existing sources. In this action, the EPA 
is finalizing provisions that clarify when the regulatory exemption 
will become available, under what conditions it can be claimed by a WEC 
applicable facility, and under what conditions it may be lost.
    As described in further detail in this section, upon careful 
consideration of the public comments received on the numerous facets of 
the regulatory compliance exemption, the EPA is finalizing changes from 
proposal to some elements of the exemption in order to better align 
with Congressional objectives and the text of the statute. The final 
approach strengthens the incentives for early State action to implement 
EG OOOOc by taking a State-by-State approach to the required 
Administrator determinations and requiring that these emission 
standards be in place before the regulatory compliance exemption is 
available. At the same time, these changes provide reasonable access to 
the exemption for applicable facilities working to achieve and maintain 
compliance with methane

[[Page 91121]]

emissions requirements pursuant to CAA sections 111(b) and (d) by 
limiting the types of compliance deviations that would trigger a loss 
of the regulatory compliance exemption, by reducing the time period 
during which a facility that is not in compliance loses the exemption, 
and, for certain facilities, limiting the emissions that lose the 
exemption to those from the portion of the facility with noncompliance. 
In this section II.D.2., we summarize the final approach for all facets 
of the regulatory compliance exemption. Individual elements of the 
final exemption requirements are discussed in more detail in the 
following subsections.
    The framework established by Congress in the regulatory compliance 
exemption statutory text encourages methane reductions in the period 
before State programs are in effect, and then exempts from charge WEC 
applicable facilities once they are in compliance with the methane 
emissions requirements of the final NSPS OOOOb/EG-OOOOc-implementing 
State and Federal plans.\40\ The statutory framework also encourages 
timely submission of approvable EG OOOOc-implementing State plans and 
timely compliance with the emissions limitations therein (as well as 
compliance with the standards of performance in NSPS OOOOb) in order to 
ensure that those requirements achieve meaningful emissions reductions.
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    \40\ Under the Tribal Authority Rule (TAR), eligible Tribes may 
seek approval to implement a plan under CAA section 111(d) in a 
manner similar to a state. See 40 CFR part 49, subpart A. Tribes 
may, but are not required to, seek approval for treatment in a 
manner similar to a state for purposes of developing a Tribal 
implementation plan (TIP) implementing the EG codified in 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart OOOOc. The TAR authorizes Tribes to develop and 
implement their own air quality programs, or portions thereof, under 
the CAA. However, it does not require Tribes to develop a CAA 
program. Tribes may implement programs that are most relevant to 
their air quality needs. If a Tribe does not seek and obtain the 
authority from the EPA to establish a TIP, the EPA has the authority 
to establish a Federal CAA section 111(d) plan for designated 
facilities that are located in areas of Indian country. A Federal 
plan would apply to all designated facilities located in the areas 
of Indian country covered by the Federal plan unless and until the 
EPA approves a TIP applicable to those facilities. In this notice, 
all uses of the phrase ``state and Federal plans'' are intended to 
include any Tribal plans, to the extent that any Tribal plans are 
developed to implement EG OOOOc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The WEC does not require, but rather incentivizes, methane 
emissions reductions and sustained emissions mitigation activity across 
the oil and gas industry. In particular, for WEC applicable facilities 
in industry segments that are covered by EG OOOOc, the WEC incentivizes 
emissions reductions earlier than may otherwise be required pursuant to 
EG OOOOc-implementing State and Federal plans. The EPA expects that, as 
CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities implement and comply with the 
methane emissions requirements of NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing 
State and Federal plans, many of the WEC applicable facilities that 
contain those emissions sources subject to those regulations and plans 
would fall below the waste emissions thresholds, and thus will not be 
subject to the charge. However, the regulatory compliance exemption 
recognizes that certain WEC applicable facilities may remain above the 
waste emissions thresholds even after implementation of the 
requirements in the final NSPS OOOOb and approved State and Federal 
plans under EG OOOOc; the regulatory compliance exemption provides an 
opportunity for relief from charge to these WEC applicable facilities 
whose constituent CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities are in 
compliance with their respective requirements.
    Congress provided that the regulatory compliance exemption would 
only come into effect after a determination by the Administrator that 
``(i) methane emissions standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) 
and (d) of section 111 have been approved and are in effect in all 
States with respect to the applicable facilities'' and ``(ii) 
compliance with the requirements described in clause (i) will result in 
equivalent or greater emissions reductions as would be achieved by [the 
2021 NSPS/EG Proposal], if such rule had been finalized and 
implemented'' (the ``equivalency determination'').\41\ The EPA 
concludes that the best reading of the statute is that Congress 
intended to provide an incentive for the EPA to set standards for new 
methane emissions sources at least as strong as those it proposed, and 
for States to move promptly in adopting and implementing the standards 
of performance for existing sources in their EG OOOOc-implementing 
plans that likewise achieve reductions equal to or greater than those 
initially proposed. This intention is evident through the Administrator 
determinations that must be made before the regulatory compliance 
exemption becomes available. Additionally, the exemption is only 
available to WEC applicable facilities that are ``subject to and in 
compliance with methane emissions requirements pursuant to subsections 
(b) and (d) of section 111.'' \42\ Collectively, the criteria in 
section 136(f)(6)(A) for invoking the exemption mean that if the final 
NSPS OOOOb and/or EG OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plans are not 
finalized, the methane emissions requirements therein are not 
implemented, or the standards are less stringent than those in the 2021 
NSPS/EG Proposal, the exemption would not be available. In other words, 
WEC applicable facilities would not be eligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption until all of the requisite conditions are met, and 
until that time, the WEC provides an incentive to reduce methane 
emissions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ CAA section 136(f)(6)(A).
    \42\ CAA section 136(f)(6)(A).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In this final rule, the EPA is finalizing a determination that the 
prerequisite Administrator determinations for the regulatory compliance 
exemption in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) will be made on a 
State-by-State basis after each State or Federal plan pursuant to CAA 
section 111(d) is approved and in effect. Also in the final rule, WEC 
applicable facilities located in a given State (or States, where the 
facility spans multiple States) will become eligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption after the Administrator determination has been 
made for the State(s) in which the facility is located and at the point 
in time when the WEC applicable facility is subject to and in 
compliance with the requirements in the final NSPS OOOOb and applicable 
EG OOOOc-implementing State and Federal plan(s)--that is, when WEC 
applicable facilities must begin complying with all of the methane 
emissions requirements therein. These final requirements for the timing 
of regulatory compliance exemption availability include two key changes 
from the proposed rule. First, the final rule includes a shift from the 
proposed approach of making the exemption available to all WEC 
applicable facilities at the same time after all State plans are 
approved, to the final approach of making the exemption available on a 
State-by-State basis. Second, the final rule includes a shift from the 
proposed approach of making the exemption available upon the effective 
date of the State or Federal plans, to the final approach of making the 
exemption available when a WEC applicable facility is ``in compliance 
with methane emission requirements'' of both the NSPS OOOOb standards 
and EG OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plans--that is, the point in 
time when all of the CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities are legally 
required to comply with the methane emissions standards therein. 
Together, these changes help achieve one of the overarching goals of 
encouraging early emission reductions.

[[Page 91122]]

    The EPA is also finalizing other elements of the Administrator 
determinations under CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii), including 
establishing the relative points of comparison for the equivalency 
determination, in order to ensure that those elements align with the 
statutory requirements. Because NSPS OOOOb is already finalized and in 
effect in all States, the EPA is finalizing an approach wherein the 
Administrator will make these determinations for each individual State 
once each EG OOOOc-implementing State plan, or applicable Federal plan, 
is approved.
    In this final rule, eligible WEC applicable facilities can seek 
exemption from the WEC through the regulatory compliance exemption when 
facilities subject to methane emissions requirements pursuant to NSPS 
OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing State and Federal plans are ``in 
compliance'' with those requirements. The EPA is finalizing that a WEC 
applicable facility's eligibility for the regulatory compliance 
exemption will be based on the compliance status of the CAA section 
111(b) and (d) facilities contained within that WEC applicable 
facility, as indicated in annual reports required to be submitted under 
NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing State and Federal plans. The EPA 
proposed that the compliance status of these CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities would be assessed to determine exemption eligibility, but 
the specific criteria used to evaluate eligibility are different in 
this final rule than in the WEC proposal. The EPA is also finalizing 
other changes to the applicability provisions for this exemption after 
consideration of comments received. First, the EPA is limiting the 
scope of noncompliance with NSPS OOOOb and plans pursuant to EG OOOOc 
that would cause a WEC applicable facility to no longer qualify for the 
regulatory compliance exemption. For self-reported noncompliance, 
noncompliance with monitoring requirements, emission limits and any 
surrogate limits, operating limits (including operating parameter 
limits), and work practice standards--the categories of noncompliance 
most likely to result in emissions increases--will disqualify a WEC 
applicable facility from the regulatory compliance exemption. Also, any 
violations of NSPS OOOOb or an NSPS OOOOc plan that are adjudicated in 
an administrative or judicial action will disqualify the WEC appliable 
facility from the regulatory compliance exemption. Second, the EPA is 
finalizing that for all WEC applicable facilities, exemption 
eligibility is assessed on a calendar quarterly basis (i.e., January 1-
March 31), compared to the proposal's approach, which would have 
assessed eligibility on an annual basis. Third, for all WEC applicable 
facilities defined at the basin-level (i.e., facilities in the onshore 
production and gathering and boosting industry segments), the EPA is 
finalizing that loss of exemption availability would be applied at the 
``site'' level rather than the facility level; \43\ for facilities in 
all other industry segments, the EPA is finalizing as proposed that the 
exemption would be lost at the facility level.
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    \43\ Each subpart W facility in the onshore production segment 
or the gathering and boosting segments is typically comprised of 
multiple well-pad sites or gathering and boosting sites. A well-pad 
site is defined in the 2024 Final Subpart W Rule as ``all equipment 
on or associated with a single well-pad'' and a gathering and 
boosting site is defined as ``a single gathering compressor station 
[. . .], centralized oil production site [. . .], gathering pipeline 
site [. . .], or other fence-line site within the onshore petroleum 
and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the following sections, the EPA describes in more detail the 
final determinations regarding the availability of the exemption, and 
specifically: (1) the point in time at which the Administrator will 
make the determination(s) pursuant to CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii) 
and the process for how the determinations will be made; (2) the point 
in time at which the regulatory compliance exemption will become 
available to eligible applicable facilities; and (3) the process for 
resumption of the WEC pursuant to CAA section 136(f)(6)(B) if the 
criteria for the regulatory compliance exemption are no longer met. The 
EPA is also finalizing elements related to the administration of the 
regulatory compliance exemption, including: (1) how to interpret CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A) to govern the interaction between WEC applicable 
facilities and both CAA section 111(b) affected facilities and CAA 
section 111(d) designated facilities (collectively referred to in this 
preamble as ``CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities'') for the purposes 
of the regulatory compliance exemption; (2) how compliance with the 
methane emissions requirements promulgated under CAA sections 111(b) 
and (d) will be defined for the purposes of the regulatory compliance 
exemption; and (3) reporting requirements for applicable facilities 
claiming the regulatory compliance exemption.
a. Timing for the Administrator's Regulatory Compliance Exemption 
Determinations
    Before an applicable facility may claim the regulatory compliance 
exemption, the Administrator must determine that: (1) ``methane 
emissions standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of 
section 111 have been approved and are in effect in all States with 
respect to the applicable facilities,'' and (2) ``compliance with the 
requirements described in clause (i) will result in equivalent or 
greater emissions reductions as would be achieved by the [2021 NSPS/EG 
Proposal], if such rule had been finalized and implemented.'' \44\ This 
framework indicates that Congress intended these prerequisites to 
exemption availability to encourage timely implementation of the 
emission reduction requirements in the 2024 Final NSPS/EG and to ensure 
that those requirements achieve meaningful emissions reductions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ CAA section 136(f)(6)(A).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The EPA proposed that both Administrator determinations would be 
made for the entire nation at one point in time when EG OOOOc-
implementing plans were approved and in effect in each and every State 
that contained WEC applicable facilities. Because the Administrator 
determinations must be made before the exemption becomes available, 
under the proposed approach, the exemption would have become available 
to all States at the same time at a point after the approval of the 
last State or Federal plan. In other words, the regulatory compliance 
exemption would have become available to all eligible WEC applicable 
facilities in the country at the same time, and an applicable facility 
located in a State or States with an approved plan(s) would be required 
to wait until all plans in the country were approved and the EPA had 
then made the necessary Administrator determinations before it could 
become eligible for the regulatory compliance exemption. The EPA also 
sought comment on an alternative approach wherein the regulatory 
compliance exemption would become available on a State-by-State basis 
based on the finalization of plans for individual States. The EPA 
received a significant number of public comments on the proposed 
approach, with many commenters disagreeing with the EPA's proposed 
interpretation of the statutory text. Such commenters argued that the 
proposed approach disincentivized States from taking early action in 
the development of State plans, undercutting Congress' principal goal 
of

[[Page 91123]]

limiting methane emissions as quickly as possible. They contended that 
``proactive States'' would not realize any benefits for their regulated 
communities by acting early, discouraging quick action. In addition, 
many commenters stated that the availability of the exemption could be 
held back by ``lagging States,'' which would unreasonably and unfairly 
limit the availability of the exemption by making it subject to the 
action or inaction of the least responsive State. Commenters also 
argued that the EPA's proposal misinterpreted the phrase ``in all 
States with respect to the applicable facilities'' in CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(1), and that this phrase commanded a reading of the 
statute that supported the alternative ``State-by-State'' approach to 
the Administrator determinations.
    After consideration of public comments, the EPA is finalizing an 
alternative approach, on which the Agency solicited comment, regarding 
the timing of the Administrator determinations required in CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii). As described in the proposed rule, such 
determinations will occur on a State-by-State basis as State plans are 
approved and, where appropriate, Federal plans issued pursuant to CAA 
section 111(d). This approach means that the Administrator will proceed 
in a State-by-State manner to make determinations that: (i) ``methane 
emissions standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of 
section 111 have been approved and are in effect in all States with 
respect to the applicable facilities,'' and (ii) ``compliance with the 
requirements described in clause (i) will result in equivalent or 
greater emissions reductions as would be achieved by the [2021 NSPS/EG 
Proposal], if such rule had been finalized and implemented.'' CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii). Upon those determinations as to each 
State, the exemption will become available to the WEC applicable 
facilities located in that State when the final compliance dates have 
passed with respect to both (1) the NSPS OOOOb standards for new 
sources and (2) the standards established under that State's plan (or 
Federal plan, if applicable) pursuant to EG OOOOc. See section 
II.D.2.b. of this preamble for further discussion of when an applicable 
facility may claim the exemption.
    The first Administrator determination is related to the timing of 
the promulgation of final methane emissions standards under CAA section 
111(b) and in State and Federal plans pursuant to an EG issued under 
CAA section 111(d). The EPA is finalizing a determination that this 
temporal requirement in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) is met for all WEC 
applicable facilities in a particular State at the point in time when 
both (1) emission standards for new sources under CAA section 111(b) 
have been promulgated and are in effect and (2) a State's plan for 
existing sources pursuant to an EG issued under CAA section 111(d) has 
been fully approved by the EPA and is in effect--or if either no State 
plan or only a partial plan has been approved, a Federal plan is in 
effect.
    Regarding Federal plans, the EPA is finalizing, as proposed, a 
determination that ``plans pursuant to subsection . . . (d) of section 
111,'' CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i), includes the promulgation of a 
Federal plan where the EPA determines that a State has failed to submit 
a fully approvable State plan, as that is the only way a complete plan 
pursuant to CAA section 111(d) would take effect in those States. 
Accordingly, because the emissions standards for new sources under CAA 
section 111(b) have already been finalized by the EPA in the 2024 Final 
NSPS/EG, approval of the State (or Federal) plan for States with 
existing sources subject to the EG under CAA section 111(d) will 
determine the timing for when the determinations pursuant to CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) can be made for each State.
    The EPA is finalizing this State-by-State approach based on the 
Agency's interpretation of the best reading of CAA section 136(f)(6). 
Specifically, the EPA concludes that the best interpretation of the 
phrase ``all States with respect to the applicable facilities'' in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) means that the determination is to be made for 
each State individually, and that State plans must be approved and in 
effect for all States in which a WEC applicable facility claiming the 
exemption is located. The EPA solicited comment on this alternative 
interpretation at proposal. See 89 FR 5338. At proposal, the EPA 
proposed ``to interpret `all States' in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) to 
mean that every State with an applicable facility (i.e., all States 
with WEC applicable facilities) must have an approved plan (State or 
Federal) before the determination [in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)] can 
be made.'' Id. at 5337. In addition, the EPA proposed to interpret the 
statutory text to mean that the Administrator must make only one 
determination as to both prongs in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and 
(ii). Upon consideration of public comments received on this proposed 
statutory interpretation, and upon reexamining the text of the statute, 
the EPA no longer finds that the proposed approach is the best reading 
of the statute, and, concludes that the ``State-by-State'' approach to 
the Administrator determinations that the EPA is finalizing in this 
rulemaking is the best reading of the statute.
    First, commenters contend, and the EPA agrees, that the proposed 
approach misinterpreted, and thus failed to give appropriate effect to, 
the modifier ``with respect to the applicable facilities'' in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i). As one commenter noted:

    The term ``the applicable facilities'' [in CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i)] refers not to all facilities nationwide, but to the 
specific facilities whose eligibility for the Regulatory Compliance 
Exemption is in question. Giving meaning to all terms of the statute 
results in the conclusion that a facility is not eligible for the 
Regulatory Compliance Exemption until all States in which the 
applicable facility is located have a State or Federal OOOOc plan in 
effect. As for the words ``in all States,'' they refer not to all 
States that have any existing sources (as the EPA proposes to read 
them), but rather to all States in which the WEC obligated party has 
equipment in a given facility. The EPA itself in the proposal 
repeatedly notes that there are facilities which extend across State 
lines. See, e.g., 89 [FR] at 5399. All that these words provide is 
that no facility is eligible for the Regulatory Compliance Exemption 
for existing sources until all States in which that facility is 
located have a State or Federal existing-source plan in effect.\45\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ Comment of the American Exploration and Production Council, 
Document ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434-0276 at p. 20.

    Upon reconsideration of the text, the EPA agrees with this 
commenter that ``with respect to applicable facilities'' is best 
interpreted to account for the fact that some applicable facilities 
straddle State lines and that this phrase should not be read to mean, 
as proposed, that every State in the country with a WEC applicable 
facility must have a plan pursuant to CAA section 111(d) ``approved and 
in effect'' before the Administrator can make a determination under CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i). This reading is a better interpretation of the 
statute because it gives meaning to this modifying phrase in the 
context of the subject identified in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)--``an 
applicable facility'' seeking the exemption from the WEC. In other 
words, when Congress wrote that the exemption's availability depended, 
in part, on plans being in effect ``in all States with respect to the 
applicable facilities,'' it meant all the States in which the 
applicable facilities seeking the exemption operate.
    Second, at proposal, the EPA interpreted the use of the singular in 
CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) directing the

[[Page 91124]]

EPA to make ``a determination'' on the requirements outlined in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) as limiting the EPA to one 
determination. At proposal, because the EPA believed that the 
Administrator could only make one determination, which, by necessity, 
could only be done once all standards and plans were in place, the EPA 
concluded that we were bound to make the determination only once EG 
OOOOc-implementing plans were in place in all states. However, upon 
consideration of the public comments challenging that interpretation 
and after reexamining the statutory text, the EPA now concludes that 
the statute does not require a reading that limits the Administrator to 
making only one determination. Rather, the best reading of the phrase 
``a determination'' in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) is that it was intended 
to ensure that the determination required by both prongs (i) and (ii) 
had been made with respect to the WEC applicable facility seeking the 
exemption described in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A). In other words, 
because ``applicable facility'' is framed in the singular in paragraph 
(A), it is logical that the prerequisite ``determination'' would also 
be framed in the singular as to that facility. But that does not 
indicate the Administrator is precluded from making more than one 
determination as necessary to effectuate availability of the exemption 
nationwide. We therefore do not read the statute to limit the 
Administrator to making one determination, but rather believe that the 
statute indicates that the Administrator is permitted to make multiple 
determinations. As one commenter explained:

    [T]he singular use of ``a'' within the phrase ``upon a 
determination by the Administrator'' is countered by the singular 
word ``an'' within the phrase ``[c]harges shall not be imposed 
pursuant to subsection (c) on an applicable facility that is subject 
to and in compliance with methane emissions requirements.'' This 
phrase clearly contemplates that the Regulatory Compliance Exemption 
is being made for particular applicable facilities, and that is the 
correct frame through which the subsequent phrase ``a 
determination'' should be made.\46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ Id. at p. 22.

    As just described, the EPA agrees with this statutory 
interpretation. And further, because the first of the two Administrator 
determinations in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) hinges on the approval of 
each State's plan (which will apply to all WEC affected facilities 
within the State), the best approach to implementing this statutory 
directive is for the Administrator to make the determinations in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A(i) and (ii) on a State-by-State basis.
    The EPA notes that while the best approach to meaningfully 
implementing these statutory provisions is for the EPA to make a 
determination under CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) upon the approval of each 
State plan, that does not preclude the EPA from reviewing and revising 
an Administrator determination if a standard or plan is later revised, 
in order to ensure that the conditions of CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) are 
still met, consistent with the resumption of charge language in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(B). Moreover, the language in CAA section 
136(f)(6)(B), which anticipates that ``the conditions in clause (i) or 
(ii)'' of CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) may at some point ``cease to 
apply,'' supports the EPA's interpretation in this final rule that the 
Administrator is not bound to making only one determination. Congress 
clearly anticipated that the EPA might revisit its determinations if 
the methane emissions standards pursuant to CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
change in the future. Given that possibility, the statute cannot be 
read to mean that the Administrator must be limited to making only one 
determination as to the conditions in CAA 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) and 
never again revisit it.
    Many facets of the proposed approach to the regulatory compliance 
exemption flowed from the interpretation that the Administrator must 
make only one determination as to all States. The EPA no longer finds 
that interpretation to be persuasive or consistent with the statutory 
text in light of the many persuasive comments offering a different 
view. Accordingly, in light of the fact that the statute permits the 
Administrator to make more than one determination, and in order to give 
meaning to the phrase ``with respect to the applicable facilities,'' 
the EPA has concluded that finalizing a ``State-by-State'' approach to 
the Administrator determinations aligns with the best reading of CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A).
    The second determination that must be made before the regulatory 
compliance exemption becomes available to an applicable facility is 
whether the final ``methane emissions standards and plans'' provide 
equivalent or greater emissions reductions than would have been 
achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, had it been finalized and 
implemented as proposed. As the EPA explains in section II.D.2.d. of 
this preamble, the EPA has concluded that this determination should 
take into account the content of the final State plans. Because plans 
pursuant to CAA section 111(d) will not be finalized for several years, 
the EPA cannot make a final equivalency determination in this final 
action. Instead, the EPA is finalizing an approach wherein the 
equivalency determination will be made for each individual State with 
CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities after the CAA section 111(d) plan 
(i.e., State or Federal plan) for that State is approved. This timing 
will allow for evaluation of the emissions reductions achieved by the 
final NSPS OOOOb and by the final State or Federal plan pursuant to EG 
OOOOc. More details about the nature and scope of the equivalency 
determination are discussed in section II.D.2.d. of this preamble.
b. Timing of Regulatory Compliance Exemption Availability to WEC 
Applicable Facilities
    The WEC program must also establish at what point in time a WEC 
applicable facility may claim the regulatory compliance exemption once 
the Administrator determinations have been made. CAA section 136(f)(6) 
provides that the charges shall not be imposed ``on an applicable 
facility that is subject to and in compliance with methane emissions 
requirements pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 111.'' The 
EPA proposed that the exemption would become available to applicable 
facilities in a State once all of the standards pursuant to NSPS OOOOb 
and the EG OOOOc-implementing plan were effective, because at that 
point the facilities would be technically ``subject to'' emissions 
standards, even if the compliance dates were in the future.\47\ This 
proposed approach, combined with the proposed approach for the timing 
of

[[Page 91125]]

the exemption's prerequisite determinations, meant that all WEC 
applicable facilities in the country would have had gained access to 
the exemption at the same time--as soon as the determinations required 
by CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii) had been made.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ An ``effective date'' is the date upon which a final rule 
and the associated amendments to the Code of Federal Regulations 
become legally effective after publication of the final rule in the 
Federal Register. See, e.g., 5 U.S.C. 553(d) (establishing 
presumption that a final rule's effective date be 30 days after 
publication in the Federal Register, unless good cause is found for 
an earlier date); 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(3) (establishing requirement that 
a ``major'' rule take effect no sooner than 60 days after 
publication in the Federal Register). A ``compliance date'' is the 
date(s) included within the effective final rule upon which a 
regulated entity must comply with specified requirements of the 
regulations. See, e.g., 40 CFR subpart Ba, 60.21a(g) (``Compliance 
schedule means a legally enforceable schedule specifying a date or 
dates by which a source or category of sources must comply with 
specific standards of performance contained in a plan or with any 
increments of progress to achieve such compliance.''). In some 
cases, a regulation's effective date and compliance date may be the 
same date. In other cases, a regulation may be in effect, but not 
yet require compliance with some or all of its provisions until a 
future date. Some regulations have multiple different compliance 
dates for different regulatory provisions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on continued consideration of the statutory text and 
Congress's intent in promulgating the regulatory compliance exemption, 
the EPA is making revisions in this final rule from the proposed 
approach for when WEC applicable facilities may begin to claim the 
exemption. The EPA is finalizing that WEC applicable facilities will be 
able to claim the regulatory compliance exemption once the final 
compliance date for applicable CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities 
has passed in the State(s) and Tribal lands in which the WEC applicable 
facility is located. The final compliance date is the date at which all 
CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities are required to comply with all 
of the final specified requirements pursuant to NSPS OOOOb or an EG 
OOOOc-implementing plan. For example, if an approved plan establishes 
compliance dates for some CAA section 111(d) designated facilities in 
2029 and compliance dates for other designated facilities in 2030, all 
WEC applicable facilities in that State could begin to claim the 
exemption as of the 2030 compliance date. In cases where the final 
compliance date applies to a CAA section 111(b) or (d) facility subject 
to a methane emissions standard that has phased-in requirements, the 
final compliance date is the date of the final requirement to be phased 
in.
    The EPA is finalizing that for WEC applicable facilities in 
industry segments for which a facility is defined at the basin level in 
subpart W that span multiple States (e.g., onshore production and 
gathering and boosting facilities), the exemption is not available 
until the final compliance date has passed for all States in which the 
facility is located. In cases where such a WEC applicable facility 
could span multiple States because it is located in a basin that covers 
multiple States, but the WEC applicable facility itself is only located 
in a single State, exemption availability for that facility will be 
based only on the final compliance deadline for the single State in 
which the WEC applicable facility is located. For purposes of 
implementation of the regulatory compliance exemption in this final 
rule, a WEC applicable facility in the onshore production or gathering 
and boosting industry segment is considered to be located in each State 
or Tribal lands that a well-pad site or gathering and boosting site, as 
applicable, was reported to subpart W for the reporting year. These 
approaches for facilities in industry segments with facility 
definitions that span multiple States also apply to facilities that 
span both States and Tribal lands. For example, in such cases where a 
WEC applicable facility is located both in a State and on Tribal land, 
the final compliance date across all of the applicable State, Federal, 
and Tribal EG OOOOc-implementing plans must pass before the exemption 
is available to the WEC applicable facility. Once the exemption is 
available to a WEC applicable facility under this framework, all CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) facilities contained within a WEC applicable 
facility will be required to demonstrate compliance in order to claim 
the exemption pursuant to CAA section 136(f)(6)(A). The requirements 
governing this compliance demonstration are discussed in more detail in 
section II.D.2.f. of this preamble.
    The EPA is finalizing an approach in which all WEC applicable 
facilities with CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities in a single State 
will be eligible for the regulatory compliance date at the same time. 
Establishing a single date for exemption availability for each State 
ensures that the exemption can be properly implemented and that the EPA 
can accurately verify exemption eligibility, while simultaneously 
reducing industry burden. Based on the data collected under subpart W 
and data to be collected under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing 
plans, it is not feasible for the EPA to verify all applicable CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) facilities contained within each WEC applicable 
facility in order to determine a facility-specific compliance date. The 
complexity required for industry reporting and the EPA's verification 
render making the compliance exemption available at this granular of a 
level unworkable for several reasons. First, based on data submitted 
under subpart W, the EPA is not able to determine whether a particular 
source of emissions is regulated under NSPS OOOOb or an EG OOOOc-
implementing plan (or neither), and therefore the EPA cannot determine 
which compliance deadlines are applicable. Further, the applicable 
compliance date would also be subject to change for a specific WEC 
applicable facility as individual assets are sold and/or acquired. In 
any event, the EPA anticipates that compliance dates in most State 
plans will be close together in time. To the extent that there are 
compliance dates for CAA section 111(d) facilities spanning more than 1 
year, the WEC will continue to serve as bridge until the final 
compliance date has passed, with those facilities already in compliance 
or which have taken further actions to reduce methane emissions having 
the opportunity to reduce or eliminate their WEC obligation. 
Importantly, irrespective of CAA section 111 compliance, only WEC 
applicable facilities with methane emissions over the waste thresholds 
will be subject to charge. Thus, WEC obligated parties may choose to 
act early to reduce applicable emissions sufficient to avoid the 
charge, even before any compliance dates have passed.
    The EPA is finalizing this ``compliance date'' approach both 
because it aligns with the best reading of the statute, and because it 
aligns with one of Congress's primary goals for the WEC--to 
continuously incentivize methane emission reductions across the oil and 
gas industry during the period leading up to the date at which the 
requirements in EG OOOOc-implementing plans are fully implemented. 
Although the EPA proposed to make the exemption available once all CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) standards were effective, the EPA also 
considered and sought comment on this alternative approach of making 
the regulatory compliance exemption available upon the date which CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) facilities are required to comply with 
requirements in NSPS OOOOb and the EG OOOOc implementing plans. See 89 
FR 5339-40 (second and third discussed alternative approaches, 
considering both ``all States'' and ``State-by-State'' approaches). 
Specifically, the EPA noted that it ``considered an approach that would 
make the regulatory compliance exemption available to WEC applicable 
facilities meeting the criteria at a State-by-State level as the final 
compliance deadline in a State or Federal plan for CAA section 111(d) 
facilities was reached,'' and sought comment on such an approach. Id. 
As noted at proposal, under this approach, ``the EPA would read `in 
compliance with methane emissions requirements' to mean that all 
compliance dates in the NSPS and the State and Federal plans have 
passed.'' Id. While the EPA stated at proposal that it believed that 
this ``approach that would make the regulatory compliance exemption 
available to WEC applicable facilities meeting the criteria at a State-
by-State level as the final compliance deadline in a State or Federal 
plan for CAA section 111(d) facilities was reached'' was not as well 
aligned with the statute as the

[[Page 91126]]

proposed approach, the EPA now concludes that interpreting this phrase 
as described in the proposed alternative is, in fact, the better 
reading of the statute, particularly given the EPA's determination in 
this final rule that the statute also anticipates a State-by-State 
approach for the Administrator determinations. As one commenter stated:

    [T]he proposed approach of exemption availability once the plans 
are approved instead of after the plans are fully implemented only 
delays the reduction of methane emissions . . .
    Therefore, granting any regulatory compliance exemption before 
the passing of the ``upper bound'' compliance dates of the CAA 
section 111 rules, as the EPA is proposing to do, is in 
contradiction with the Congressional intent of the Inflation 
Reduction Act, will result in greater methane emissions than the 
alternative, and should be avoided.\48\
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    \48\ Comment of Catherine Wolfram, Ph.D., William F. Pounds 
Professor of Energy Economics; Professor, Applied Economics, 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Document ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2023-0434-0266.

    The EPA agrees with this commenter and, for the following reasons, 
the EPA is finalizing the alternative approach.
    First, upon re-examining the text and in light of comments 
received, the EPA has concluded that applying the regulatory compliance 
exemption once State plans are implemented, rather than upon approval, 
is the best reading of the statutory text. Section 136(f)(6)(A) 
provides that ``charges shall not be imposed pursuant to subsection (c) 
on an applicable facility that is subject to and in compliance with 
methane emissions requirements pursuant to subsections (b) and (d),'' 
subject to the Administrator determinations. Notably, the text states 
that applicable facilities must be both ``subject to and in compliance 
with'' (emphasis added) methane requirements. It is a longstanding 
principle of statutory construction that every word or phrase in a 
statutory provision is to be given effect, and none should be ignored 
or assumed to be duplicative. See, e.g, Reiter v. Sonotone Corp., 442 
U.S. 330, 339 (1979); Bennett v. Donovan, 4 F. Supp. 3d 5, 10 (D.C. 
Cir. 2013) (acknowledging that the court must ``give effect, if 
possible, to every clause and word of a statute, avoiding, if it may 
[], any construction which implies that the legislature was ignorant of 
the meaning of the language it employed. Put differently, a court must 
not interpret a statute so as to render any words within that statute 
as `mere surplusage.'') (citations omitted). Accordingly, the phrase 
``subject to'' and the phrase ``in compliance with'' must have 
different legal meanings. It follows that this provision requires a WEC 
applicable facility to be both ``subject to'' methane emissions 
standards and plans under CAA section 111(b) and (d), and actively ``in 
compliance with'' the specific requirements therein, meaning that these 
requirements must actually have been implemented. In addition, the 
phrase ``in compliance with methane emission requirements'' indicates 
that the text is concerned with the contemporaneous implementation of 
standards at the CAA section 111(b) and (d) level. Being ``in 
compliance'' with a requirement, by necessity, means that a requirement 
mandate a regulated entity take a particular action or meet a 
particular standard. ``Methane emission requirements pursuant to 
[section 111(d)]'' will so mandate only upon the compliance date(s) in 
the section 111(d)-implementing State or Federal plan. This means that 
it is not sufficient that a standard be effective because it has been 
approved as part of an EG OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plan, if 
compliance with that standard is not required until some future date. 
There are no monitoring or reporting obligations by which one would 
measure compliance, for example, until that compliance date arrives. 
Similarly, some ``methane emission requirements pursuant to [section 
111(b)],'' have tiered compliance dates, meaning that the compliance 
dates vary between emissions sources. In such case, the WEC applicable 
facility is only eligible for the regulatory compliance exemption once 
the compliance dates for all CAA section 111(b) and (d) sources have 
occurred and the Administrator determinations have been made. In sum, 
the EPA concludes that the best reading of ``in compliance'' means that 
an entity is presently subject to actual, emissions limits or work 
practice standards that require contemporaneous actions on the part of 
the regulated CAA section 111(b) and (d) sources to comply with the 
standards.
    Second, the EPA concludes that this final approach is best aligned 
with Congressional intent to incentivize methane emissions reductions 
on an ongoing and continuous basis, both through the WEC and through 
compliance with CAA section 111(b) and EG OOOOc-implementing plans. 
This statutory scheme provides relief from the WEC for facilities once 
they are reducing methane emissions in compliance with requirements 
under CAA section 111. As noted at proposal, implementation of the 
requirements included in OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plans may 
not be mandated immediately upon the date at which the plan goes into 
effect. In other words, the plans may include requirements with 
compliance dates that occur at a future date after plan approval, and 
such requirements could be implemented over multiple compliance dates 
in a phased manner or include deadlines for various increments of 
progress. Under the proposed approach, there would likely have been a 
gap during which WEC applicable facilities would have been able to 
claim the regulatory compliance exemption, but the CAA section 111(d) 
facilities within those WEC applicable facilities would not have 
actually been required to reduce emissions pursuant to the State plan's 
methane emission requirements. For example, if under the proposed 
approach the exemption had become available to all States in the 
country with WEC applicable facilities in 2028, based on the approval 
of all State plans, but those approved plans did not require 
implementation of methane requirements until the presumptive compliance 
deadline of 2029,\49\ or even later, a multi-year gap would have 
existed in which there would be no incentive for CAA section 111(d) 
existing facilities within a WEC applicable facility to reduce 
emissions in advance of the compliance deadline. This scenario would be 
contrary to the Congressional intent of the regulatory compliance 
exemption, which is to provide relief from the WEC to applicable 
facilities that are ``subject to and in compliance with methane 
emissions requirements pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 
111''--that is, those actually achieving the requirements and achieving 
the attendant emissions reductions therein.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ The 2024 Final NSPS/EG rule establishes a final compliance 
deadline in 2029 for CAA section 111(d) facilities. States may elect 
to require earlier compliance deadlines, and approved plans may also 
extend compliance deadlines beyond 2029 via the ``remaining useful 
life and other factors'' provision, or RULOF.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the concerns that the EPA expressed at proposal about 
a ``compliance date'' approach are no longer concerns given that we 
have now concluded that the best reading of the statute is a State-by-
State approach to the Administrator determinations, as explained in 
section II.D.2.a. of this preamble. Notably, because compliance dates 
for the relevant methane emissions standards for a particular WEC 
applicable facility may occur at different points in time (because 
there are varying compliance dates for

[[Page 91127]]

individual methane emissions sources within NSPS OOOOb and it is 
possible that the same will be true for EG OOOOc-implementing plans), 
we noted at proposal that such an approach may have the result of 
delaying the availability of the regulatory compliance exemption for 
many years and could make the exemption available to States at 
different times. See 89 FR 5339-40. This was particularly true when 
combined with the proposed approach to the Administrator determination 
required by CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) that would only make the 
exemption available once plans were approved and in effect for all 
States. In that case, a WEC applicable facility in a State with a 
promptly submitted and approved EG OOOOc-implementing plan with 
ambitious compliance deadlines would not have been able to access the 
exemption until not only all States had approved plans, but all States' 
plans' compliance deadlines had passed--which could vary amongst 
States. However, under the final rule, the fact that WEC applicable 
facilities in some States will be eligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption at different points in time is inherent in, and 
consistent with, the statutory scheme and is the best interpretation of 
the text and policy goals of the WEC.
    The approach adopted in this final rule alleviates the concerns 
voiced in response to the proposed approach to the Administrator 
determinations, in which all States with WEC applicable facilities 
would need to wait for every other State, even potentially ``lagging'' 
or ``delayed'' States, to have NSPS OOOOb standards and OOOOc-
implementing plans approved and in effect before WEC applicable 
facilities in that State would be eligible for the exemption. By 
proceeding in a State-by-State manner for the Administrator 
determinations and making the regulatory compliance exemption available 
upon the final compliance date in NSPS OOOOb and the relevant EG OOOOc-
implementing plan, the EPA is providing States with more control over 
when the regulatory compliance exemption will become available for 
applicable facilities within their jurisdictions, while also 
encouraging methane emissions reductions to occur sooner. The final 
approach also ensures that WEC applicable facilities can secure the 
regulatory compliance exemption once their constituent CAA section 
111(b) and (d) facilities are actually achieving reductions under NSPS 
OOOOb and the relevant EG OOOOc-implementing plan(s). Under the final 
approach adopted in this final rule, States will be incentivized to 
promptly submit approvable EG OOOOc-implementing plans with timely 
compliance deadlines so that WEC applicable facilities within their 
borders gain access to the exemption. Individual States will decide how 
best to structure plans in terms of compliance dates consistent with EG 
OOOOc, and how quickly to submit proposed plans to the EPA for 
approval. The final approach aligns with the intent of the WEC to 
incentivize early reductions of methane emissions while providing 
flexibility to States to determine when the regulatory compliance 
exemption becomes available.
c. Emissions Year in Which Regulatory Compliance Exemption Takes Effect
    While the data collected under subpart W for the purposes of WEC 
calculation are reported on a calendar-year basis (i.e., a reporting 
year is a calendar year), the date at which all of the criteria for the 
regulatory compliance exemption will be met is not yet known and could 
fall at any point in the course of a reporting year. The EPA is 
finalizing that for WEC applicable facilities that contain any CAA 
section 111(d) facilities, once the applicable determinations required 
by CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii) have been made, the regulatory 
compliance exemption will take effect in the reporting year of the 
final compliance date in the EG OOOOc-implementing plan(s) applicable 
to the to the State(s) in which the WEC applicable facility is located. 
For example, if the final compliance deadline in an approved State plan 
is in June 2029 and the Administrator has made the necessary 
determinations by 2029, all eligible WEC applicable facilities in that 
State meeting the compliance requirements discussed in section 
II.D.2.f. of this preamble would be exempt from the WEC for the entire 
2029 reporting year. Comments on the proposed rule were supportive of 
the proposed approach to make the exemption take effect the same 
reporting year that the prerequisite requirements for the exemption are 
met (as opposed to another year). The final approach is aligned with 
the purpose of CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) to provide the regulatory 
compliance exemption as a means for WEC applicable facilities to avoid 
being subject to the charge when their constituent CAA section 111(b) 
and (d) facilities are all subject to and in compliance with their 
applicable methane emissions standards.
d. Approach for Regulatory Compliance Determinations
    As described in section II.D.2.a., the Administrator must make two 
determinations before the regulatory compliance exemption can be 
claimed by a WEC applicable facility: one related to whether standards 
and approved plans are in effect and a second related to whether those 
standards and plans achieve equivalent reductions to the EPA's 2021 
proposed NSPS and EG. While those determinations will necessarily need 
to be made at a later point, the EPA is finalizing certain elements 
related to the approach for the determinations required by CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A). In this rulemaking, the EPA is finalizing a decision that 
both determinations will be made simultaneously for each individual 
State once both the NSPS OOOOb standards and EG OOOOc-implementing 
plans for that State are approved and in effect, as required by section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i). The EPA is also finalizing a decision regarding the 
points of comparison for making the equivalency determinations, which 
are required under section 136(f)(6)(A)(ii). The EPA did not propose 
and is not taking final action on any other elements of the equivalency 
determination at this time. These elements, along with both 
determinations themselves, will be addressed in a future administrative 
action(s).
    The EPA is finalizing a decision that, when the criteria for both 
Administrator determinations are met in a given State, the 
determinations for that State will be made through a single 
administrative action. As discussed in section II.D.2.a. of this 
preamble, the equivalency determination for each State will be made 
taking into consideration the EG OOOOc-implementing State or Federal 
plan that is approved for each State. Because the timing for both 
determinations will be aligned, making both determinations for each 
State via a single, State-specific administrative action will simplify 
implementation of these elements of the regulatory compliance 
exemption.
    Consistent with the proposed approach of making the regulatory 
compliance exemption available to WEC applicable facilities once all 
States had CAA section 111(b) and (d) standards and plans approved and 
in effect, the EPA proposed that the equivalency determination would be 
conducted at a national level after all such NSPS OOOOb standards and 
EG OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plans for all States had been 
approved and were in effect. The EPA requested and

[[Page 91128]]

received comment on its proposed approach. Some commenters supported 
the proposed approach and recommended additional criteria that the EPA 
consider in its equivalency analysis, including means of ensuring that 
State-by-State reductions are equivalent and that year-by-year 
reductions are equivalent. Other commenters alternatively recommended 
that the EPA conduct the analysis now, using the 2024 Final NSPS/EG as 
the point of comparison against the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal. Yet other 
commenters supported making both determinations at the same time, but 
recommended that they be made at the State level rather than at the 
national level.
    After consideration of comments and the language of the statute, 
the EPA has concluded that it is not appropriate to make a single 
equivalency determination at the national level because the EPA has 
determined that the regulatory compliance exemption should be made 
available on a State-by-State basis, and therefore the equivalency 
determination should also be made on a State-by-State basis. While the 
EPA is not making a single nationwide determination, the EPA is 
finalizing as proposed a decision that the relevant points of 
comparison for the equivalency determination are between (a) the 2021 
NSPS/EG Proposal and (b) the 2024 Final NSPS OOOOb and approved State 
plans, or Federal plans if applicable. Specifically, the comparison 
will be made between (a) the emissions reductions that would have been 
achieved if the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal was finalized and implemented in 
each State as proposed, and (b) the emissions reductions that will be 
achieved when the final NSPS standards and plans are actually 
implemented in each State.
    Some commenters argued that the EPA could make the equivalency 
determination simply by comparing the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal with the 
2024 Final NSPS OOOOb standards and EG OOOOc presumptive standards. The 
EPA disagrees with these comments. The statute requires that the 
equivalency determination be based on an assessment of the emissions 
reductions achieved by ``compliance with the requirements described in 
clause (i).'' CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(ii). In turn, clause (i) 
references ``methane emission standards and plans'' pursuant to CAA 
section 111(b) and (d). Id. section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) (emphasis added). 
That is, the statutory text specifically requires that the EPA evaluate 
the emission reductions resulting from compliance with both the NSPS 
OOOOb standards and the EG OOOOc-implementing plans--not the emissions 
guidelines established by the EPA--and determine that they ``will 
result in equivalent or greater emissions reductions'' as would be 
achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal ``if such rule had been finalized 
and implemented.'' \50\ In addition, principles of fairness and 
consistency also counsel in favor of applying the equivalency 
determination on a State-by-State basis. Inherent in the State-by-State 
approach is an incentive for States to take early action in developing 
plans and for those plans to require timely emissions reductions. 
Making the equivalency determination on a national basis would negate 
that incentive. It would also tie the fate of all States together, and 
thus could unfairly penalize States that, if evaluated individually, 
would be able to demonstrate equivalency. The EPA is also finalizing as 
proposed that, to conduct the equivalency determination, we will 
compare the methane emission reductions resulting from compliance with 
the NSPS OOOOb standards and the EG OOOOc-implementing plans in each 
State against a baseline in which the proposed standards were finalized 
as drafted in the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal and implemented in each State. 
For a number of reasons, the EPA believes this is the best reading of 
the statutory text. The statute requires the EPA to determine that 
compliance with these standards and plans ``will result in equivalent 
or greater emissions reductions as would be achieved by'' the 2021 
NSPS/EG Proposal ``if such rule had been finalized and implemented.'' 
Id. at 136(f)(6)(A)(ii). As the EPA explained in the proposed rule, the 
most straightforward reading of this statutory text is that Congress 
set the baseline as the emissions that the EPA projected would be 
achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal. Notably, Congress did not repeat 
the same language in setting the baseline as it did in setting out the 
point of comparison for the baseline. In particular, while Congress 
specified that the comparator is the methane emissions reductions that 
``will'' be achieved by the ``methane standards and plans,'' Congress 
specified that the baseline is the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal ``if such rule 
were finalized and implemented,'' without any specific mention of 
plans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ The use of the word ``compliance'' is also instructive: in 
practice, sources are not required to comply with the EG; instead, 
sources must comply with standards later established in state or 
federal plans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Moreover, in enacting CAA section 136, Congress clearly indicated 
that the proposed rule was to serve as the benchmark for the methane 
emissions reductions it wanted achieved before the regulatory exemption 
would be available. No other reading makes sense. The statutory text 
uses for the baseline of the equivalency determination the emissions 
reductions that ``would be achieved'' by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal ``if 
such rule were finalized and implemented.'' The EPA concludes that the 
best reading of the statute is that Congress wanted to guarantee the 
level of emissions reductions (i.e., ``equivalent or greater'' than 
expected from the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal) projected in the 2021 NSPS/EG 
Proposal before WEC applicable facilities could claim the exemption. At 
the time CAA section 136 was enacted, Congress expected the EPA to 
finalize and implement the proposal. Had simply finalizing and 
implementing the Proposal in whichever manner the EPA chose been 
sufficient to satisfy the equivalence requirement, then there would not 
have been any need for an equivalence requirement at all. All Congress 
would have needed to say was that a pre-condition to the regulatory 
compliance exemption was finalizing the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal. But 
instead, Congress created an equivalency determination requirement, and 
in order to give that statutory requirement meaning, the EPA must 
assume that Congress was specifying the quantity of emissions 
reductions it wanted achieved before the regulatory compliance 
exemption took effect. And Congress chose the benchmark that was 
available to it at the time it enacted the WEC program--the 2021 NSPS/
EG Proposal.
    At proposal, the EPA acknowledged that it is possible that had the 
EPA finalized and implemented the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal without change, 
some States would have set different methane standards of performance 
in their plans than in the presumptive standards proposed in the 2021 
EG OOOOc proposal based on a provision in CAA section 111(d)(1), which 
permits States to ``take into consideration, among other factors, the 
remaining useful life of the existing source to which such standard 
applies.'' (The EPA refers to this provision as the ``remaining useful 
life and other factors'' provision, or RULOF.) The EPA regulations at 
40 CFR part 60 subpart Ba establish a framework through which states 
may, with an adequate demonstration, establish standards less stringent 
than the degree of emission limitation otherwise required by an EG. In 
such circumstances, the emissions

[[Page 91129]]

reductions achieved by those State plans would have been less than if 
the State plans had adopted and implemented the presumptive standards 
in the final emissions guidelines, had they been finalized.
    But the EPA believes that the best reading of the statute is that 
Congress did not anticipate that States' use of this provision would 
have significantly affected the emissions reductions achieved by the 
2021 NSPS/EG Proposal if it had been finalized and implemented. 
Historically, the RULOF provision has not been frequently invoked by 
States that have submitted CAA section 111(d)-implementing State 
plans.\51\ In addition, States have the option of enacting more 
stringent standards for certain sources under their State plans than 
would result from direct implementation of the emissions 
guidelines.\52\ The 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, explicitly referenced by 
Congress in CAA section 136, recognized these historical facts and 
further explained why the EPA did not anticipate at that time that 
States would use the RULOF factors to a significant extent.\53\ These 
historical facts and context, along with the Congress's clear objective 
to set a benchmark for the emissions reductions it wanted achieved, 
lead the EPA to conclude that the best reading of the statute is that 
Congress expected the EPA's baseline for the equivalency determination 
to be the 2021 NSPS methane standards and the presumptive standards the 
EPA set out in the 2021 EG proposal, and did not expect the EPA to 
forecast how States might have chosen to use the RULOF provision had 
the EPA finalized and implemented the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal. The 
impracticality of conducting such a forecast further supports the EPA's 
interpretation. Because State plans were never developed pursuant to 
the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, there is no practical means of projecting 
when States might have chosen to apply less-stringent standards in 
their State plans pursuant to the RULOF provision and what methane 
emissions reductions those standards might have achieved relative to 
the presumptive standards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ In the Supplemental Oil & Gas Proposed Rule, issued shortly 
after CAA section 136 was enacted, the EPA noted that ``it is not 
aware of any CAA section 111(d) EGs under which an EPA-approved 
state plan has previously considered RULOF to apply a standard of 
performance that deviates from the presumptive level of 
stringency.'' 87 FR 74818 (December 6, 2022); accord 87 FR 79197, 
[Proposed Rule: Adoption and Submittal of State Plans for Designated 
Facilities: Implementing Regulations under Clean Air Act Section 
111(d)] (Dec. 23, 2022). The Subpart Ba Final Rule also reiterated 
the EPA's ``long-held interpretation of the RULOF provision as a 
limited variance,'' but noted that commenters on the proposed Oil 
and Gas EG ``suggested that there may be more of a role for RULOF 
than in past EGs.'' Id. See 88 FR 80512 (Nov. 17, 2023).
    \52\ See 88 FR 80531 (Nov. 17, 2023).
    \53\ In the Proposed Rule for NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc, the EPA 
discussed the role that the RULOF provision might play in state 
plans implemented under the Final EG, including the observation at 
the time of proposal that ``the sheer number and variety of 
designated facilities in the oil and natural gas industry could make 
a source-specific (or even a class-specific) evaluation of [RULOF]'' 
less likely to occur. See 86 FR 63251 (November 15, 2021). The EPA 
also discussed the ways in which states may set more stringent 
standards of performance than those in the Final EG. Id. at 63251-
52.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    While the EPA is required to evaluate both the final NSPS OOOOb and 
EG OOOOc-implementing plans for each States' equivalency determination, 
the Agency's preliminary analysis indicates that the final NSPS OOOOb 
standards and final EG OOOOc presumptive standards are likely more 
stringent than their respective standards and presumptive standards 
that were proposed in 2021. The EPA therefore expects that any States 
that adopt the EG OOOOc presumptive standards in their EG OOOOc-
implementing State plans will likely achieve equivalent or greater 
emissions reductions than would have been achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG 
Proposal, had that proposal been finalized and implemented. To provide 
additional certainty to States as they develop EG OOOOc-implementing 
plans, the EPA will conduct a technical analysis comparing the 
emissions reductions achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal and the 2024 
Final NSPS/EG. The EPA expects that the results of this analysis will 
demonstrate that the 2024 Final NSPS/EG achieves equivalent or greater 
emissions reductions compared to the reductions that would have been 
achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal. The results of this analysis 
will inform the equivalency determination that must be conducted for 
each State based on each State's approved plan; the EPA expects that it 
will also simplify the determination process and provide a general 
reference point for States. For example, if the EPA's analysis confirms 
that the 2024 Final NSPS/EG would result in equivalent or greater 
emissions reductions compared to the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, the EPA 
anticipates that where an approved EG OOOOc-implementing State plan 
directly relies on the presumptive standards in the final EG OOOOc 
model rule or an equivalent alternative, those State plans, in 
combination with the final NSPS, will also achieve equivalent or 
greater emissions reductions compared to those that would have occurred 
had the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal been finalized and implemented. 
Importantly, however, each finalized EG OOOOc-implementing plan must 
still be evaluated based on the reductions achieved by the plan itself.
e. Application of the Regulatory Compliance Exemption to WEC Applicable 
Facilities
    A key consideration for the design of the regulatory compliance 
exemption is how to align the performance of CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities, which are the sources subject to regulation under NSPS 
OOOOb regulations and EG OOOOc-implementing State plans, with the WEC 
applicable facilities to which the exemption applies. For purposes of 
the WEC, and as discussed in section II.A., Congress was very clear 
that the term ``applicable facility'' refers to a subpart W facility 
within one or more of the nine industry segments listed in section 
136(d). Specifically, section 136(c) states that ``the Administrator 
shall impose and collect a charge on methane emissions that exceed an 
applicable waste emissions threshold under subsection (f) from an owner 
or operator of an applicable facility that reports more than 25,000 
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases emitted 
per year pursuant to subpart W.'' ``Applicable facility'' is then 
defined for purposes of the entirety of section 136 at section 136(d), 
which states that ``for purposes of this section, the term ``applicable 
facility'' means a facility within the following industry segments, as 
defined in subpart W;'' the statute then lists nine industry segments. 
The term ``applicable facility'' also appears at section 136(f)(6), 
which states that ``charges shall not be imposed pursuant to subsection 
(c) on an applicable facility that is subject to and in compliance with 
methane emissions requirements pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of 
section 7411 of this title . . .'' Pursuant to section 136(d), which 
defined ``applicable facility'' ``for purposes of this section'', 
meaning the entirety of section 136, it is clear that section 
136(f)(6)(A) directs the EPA to analyze the compliance of subpart W 
facilities which are subject to WEC--that is, subpart W facilities 
within one of nine industry segments which emit over 25,000 tons of 
CO2e per year--as a whole with standards promulgated under 
sections 111(b) and (d). Notably, as explained in section II.A., an 
``applicable facility'' as defined at section 136(d) could include any 
subpart W facility within the nine industry segments listed in section 
136(d), even one emitting 25,000 CO2e or less per year. 
However, the waste emissions charge, and thus the

[[Page 91130]]

regulatory compliance exemption from charge under section 136(f)(6)(A), 
applies only to those subpart W facilities within the nine industry 
segments which emit more than 25,000 CO2e. In this 
rulemaking we refer to these subpart W facilities as ``WEC applicable 
facilities''. Thus, for purposes of discussion regarding the regulatory 
compliance exemption, the EPA uses the term ``WEC applicable 
facilities'' when discussing the ``applicable facilities'' to which 
section 136(f)(6)(A) refers. As an example of how subpart W facilities 
are defined, and were defined at the time Congress promulgated section 
136 in 2022, a facility in the onshore natural gas processing segment 
under the GHGRP subpart W program means ``any physical property, plant, 
building, structure, source, or stationary equipment located on one or 
more contiguous or adjacent properties in actual physical contact or 
separated solely by a public roadway or other public right-of-way and 
under common ownership or common control, that emits or may emit any 
greenhouse gas'' \54\ and meets the definition of onshore natural gas 
processing under subpart W. For reporting year 2024, facilities in the 
onshore natural gas processing segment under subpart W are required to 
report emissions from all of the following sources at the facility: 
reciprocating compressor venting, centrifugal compressor venting, 
blowdown vent stacks, dehydrator vents, acid gas removal vents, flare 
stack emissions, equipment leaks from valves, connectors, open ended 
lines, pressure relief valves, and meters. As another example, a GHGRP 
subpart W facility in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
segment includes all of the wells and associated equipment within a 
geological production basin, which can cover a geographic area spanning 
hundreds of miles. Meanwhile, the terms ``affected facility'' \55\ and 
``designated facility'' \56\ are used by the EPA in the CAA section 111 
2024 Final NSPS/EG regulations to refer to an individual emissions 
source or a group of emissions sources at a site (e.g., a storage tank 
battery or a collection of pneumatic controllers) to which a standard 
applies. Thus, a single WEC applicable facility may contain hundreds or 
thousands of CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ 40 CFR 98.6
    \55\ ``Affected facility'' is defined for purposes of an NSPS at 
40 CFR 60.2 to mean ``with reference to a stationary source, any 
apparatus to which a standard is applicable.''
    \56\ ``Designated facility'' is defined for purposes of an EG at 
40 CFR 60.21a to mean ``any existing facility . . . which emits a 
designated pollutant and which would be subject to a standard of 
performance for that pollutant if the existing facility were an 
affected facility.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Importantly, Congress was well aware of the different ways in which 
a ``facility'' was defined under subpart W and in the context of the 
CAA section 111 program when it created the WEC program and the 
regulatory compliance exemption under section 136(f)(6), which 
purposely refers to the compliance of WEC applicable facilities--that 
is, subpart W facilities which are subject to WEC. The regulations 
defining ``facilities'' for the purposes of all nine relevant industry 
segments under subpart W have not been revised since 2015. The 
regulations defining ``affected facility,'' for purposes of CAA section 
111(b), have remain unchanged since first promulgated in the 1970s. 40 
CFR 60.2; 44 FR 55173, Sept. 25, 1979. Similarly, the regulations 
defining ``designated facility,'' for purposes of section 111(d) 
regulation, by reference to the definition of affected facility as 
``any existing facility . . . which would be subject to a standard of 
performance . . . if the existing facility were an affected facility'' 
have also remained unchanged for decades. 40 CFR 60.21, 60.21a; 40 FR 
53346, Nov. 17, 1975. Congress made its intentions clear in the plain 
text of section 136(f)(6) that for purposes of the regulatory 
compliance exemption, the EPA should consider the compliance status of 
WEC applicable facilities as a whole with standards promulgated under 
CAA section 111(b) and (d). Thus, due to the fact that when analyzing 
compliance in the CAA section 111 context, the EPA analyzes the 
performance of CAA section 111 affected and designated facilities, the 
different meanings of the term ``facility'' under these two different 
EPA programs is an important consideration in the context of the 
regulatory compliance exemption.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed to implement the regulatory 
compliance exemption such that a WEC applicable facility that contains 
any CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities would have access to the 
exemption once all other criteria are met (i.e., the Administrator 
determinations and compliance elements in 40 CFR 99.41). This means 
that all methane emissions from emissions sources in a WEC applicable 
facility--even those that are not regulated by section 111(b) or (d)--
are eligible for the exemption. This ``all in'' approach is aligned 
with, and is the best interpretation of, the statutory text, which 
clearly states that the exemption is applied at the ``applicable 
facility'' level, not at the individual emissions source or CAA section 
111(b) or (d) facility levels. Table 3 shows the subpart W industry 
segments applicable to the WEC that may contain CAA section 111(b) or 
(d) facilities. WEC applicable facilities in the offshore production, 
LNG storage, LNG import and export, and transmission pipeline industry 
segments do not contain CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities under the 
Crude Oil & Natural Gas source category and are not eligible for the 
regulatory compliance exemption. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that 
if any future NSPS/EG rules are finalized such that additional industry 
segments contain CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities, the WEC 
applicable facilities in those segments would be eligible for the 
regulatory compliance exemption.

   Table 3--Subpart W Industry Segment and CAA Section 111(b) and (d)
                            Facility Overlap
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart W industry segment subject to    May contain CAA Section 111(b)
                 WEC                         and/or (d) facilities?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Onshore petroleum and natural gas      Yes.
 production.
Offshore petroleum and natural gas     No.
 production.
Onshore petroleum and natural gas      Yes.
 gathering and boosting.
Onshore natural gas processing.......  Yes.
Onshore natural gas transmission       Yes.
 compression.
Onshore natural gas transmission       No.
 pipeline.
Underground natural gas storage......  Yes.
LNG import and export equipment......  No.

[[Page 91131]]

 
LNG storage..........................  No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Some commenters were supportive of the proposed approach for the 
regulatory compliance exemption becoming available at the WEC 
applicable facility level. The EPA considered other potential 
interpretations of the statutory text of the regulatory compliance 
exemption while developing the proposed approach. In particular, the 
EPA considered an approach that would only exempt the emissions from 
individual CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities, rather than the 
emissions of the entire WEC applicable facility. For example, if 
certain pneumatic devices are regulated under 2024 Final NSPS/EG 
pursuant to CAA sections 111(b) and (d), all reported pneumatic device 
methane emissions from a WEC applicable facility, as reported under 
subpart W, would be subtracted from that facility's reported emissions. 
Under this considered alternative approach, only emission sources at 
subpart W facilities that are not also CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities (e.g., methane slip from engines) would be considered when 
determining whether a WEC applicable facility was above or below the 
waste emissions threshold. While this approach would exempt emissions 
associated with individual CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities that 
are in compliance with the standards, as anticipated by the language in 
CAA section 136(f)(6)(A), the EPA does not believe that this approach 
would be consistent with the other text in that statutory provision, 
which clearly states that the exemption applies to the ``applicable 
facility,'' which CAA section 136(d) defines as an entire subpart W 
facility. In contrast to the final ``all in'' approach, this considered 
alternative would have been a ``some in'' approach wherein only a 
subset of the emissions sources within a WEC applicable facility were 
exempted. Further, it would not be practical to implement the 
regulatory compliance exemption in this manner because the individual 
emissions source types in subpart W do not always align with the 
individual CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities. Exempting methane 
emissions from specific equipment or processes subject to reporting 
under subpart W that are also regulated as a CAA section 111(b) or (d) 
affected or designated facility may exclude a broader or narrower scope 
of equipment or components and associated emissions than those subject 
to the 2024 Final NSPS/EG. For example, although storage vessels are 
subject to both NSPS OOOOb and subpart W, the NSPS OOOOb provisions 
apply to equipment that exceed specific potential to emit emissions 
thresholds while subpart W requires reporting and quantification of 
emissions from all storage vessels at a subpart W facility, regardless 
of equipment's potential emissions. Methane emissions from CAA section 
111(b) or (d) facilities therefore cannot be directly subtracted from 
reported subpart W data.
f. Determining Applicable Facility Eligibility for the Regulatory 
Compliance Exemption
    It is expected that for many WEC applicable facilities, compliance 
with NSPS OOOOb standards and EG OOOOc-implementing plans will reduce 
methane emissions and therefore reduce and potentially eliminate any 
charge, even in the absence of an exemption. The EPA concludes that the 
best reading of the statutory language of the regulatory compliance 
exemption is that it provides relief from the charge for WEC applicable 
facilities that remain above the waste emissions threshold when their 
constituent CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities (i.e., emissions 
sources) are in full compliance with their applicable methane emissions 
requirements. The exemption thus provides a further incentive for 
compliance with the applicable methane emission requirements under CAA 
section 111.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that the regulatory compliance 
exemption would only be available to WEC applicable facilities that 
exceed the waste emissions threshold. CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) states 
that ``charges shall not be imposed pursuant to subsection (c) on an 
applicable facility'' that meets the requirements of the regulatory 
compliance exemption. Subsection (c) in turn states that a charge shall 
be collected ``on methane emissions that exceed an applicable waste 
emissions threshold.'' Based on a plain reading of the statutory text, 
the EPA is finalizing as proposed that the exemption would not apply to 
WEC applicable facilities below the waste emissions threshold. Further, 
providing the exemption to WEC applicable facilities below the waste 
emissions threshold serves no purpose as these facilities do not have 
WEC applicable emissions, are not subject to the charge, and therefore 
do not benefit from the exemption. Excluding facilities below the waste 
emissions threshold from the exemption also reduces the reporting 
burden for those facilities, which are not required to report 
information related to CAA section 111(b) and (d) compliance status.
    Compliance with CAA section 111(b) and (d) methane emission 
requirements. As discussed in this section, CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) 
does not specify the definition of ``compliance'' for the purposes of 
the regulatory compliance exemption. In light of the comments on this 
topic highlighting the practical implications of the definition of 
compliance, the EPA is finalizing provisions revising the proposed 
approach regarding what actions would constitute ``compliance with 
methane emissions requirements pursuant to [CAA section 111(b) and 
(d)],'' within CAA section 136(f)(A), for the purposes of implementing 
the regulatory compliance exemption. The final approach reflects the 
best reading of the statutory text. It is intended to provide a clear 
threshold for establishing compliance status and eligibility for the 
exemption in accordance with practice for compliance tracking under CAA 
section 111, while minimizing the burden on industry and facilitating 
ease of implementation. The EPA is also finalizing related reporting 
requirements for WEC applicable facilities that are necessary to 
implement the regulatory compliance exemption (see section II.D.2.h. of 
this preamble).
    For the purpose of determining WEC applicable facility eligibility 
for the regulatory compliance exemption, the EPA is finalizing that the 
compliance status of CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities contained 
within a WEC applicable facility will be assessed based on compliance 
with the applicable methane emissions requirements for the Oil & 
Natural Gas Source Category in NSPS OOOOb and in EG OOOOc-implementing 
State and

[[Page 91132]]

Federal plans. The EPA proposed that NSPS OOOOa compliance status would 
also be assessed while determining eligibility for the exemption. 
Several commenters disagreed with the proposed inclusion of NSPS OOOOa 
and recommended that exemption eligibility should only be based on 
compliance with NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing plans. After 
consideration of comment, as well as the language and intent of the 
statutory text, the EPA concludes that the best interpretation of the 
regulatory compliance exemption statutory language is that Congress was 
focused on methane emissions reductions achieved through NSPS OOOOb and 
EG OOOOc-implementing plans for the purpose of determining eligibility 
for the exemption--not prior standards already in place. While the text 
at CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) and 136(f)(6)(A)(i) refers to ``methane 
emissions standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of 
section 111,'' and while NSPS OOOOa includes standards promulgated 
pursuant to CAA section 111(b), the text at CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(ii) makes clear that the equivalency determination is to 
be based solely on the standards in NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-
implementing plans. The EPA notes that most facilities regulated under 
NSPS OOOOa are expected to ultimately be regulated under NSPS OOOOb or 
EG OOOOc-implementing plans (e.g., as NSPS OOOOa sources are modified 
or reconstructed or when the sources are regulated as existing sources 
once EG OOOOc-implementing plans are approved and in effect).\57\ The 
EPA is therefore finalizing that only compliance with these methane 
emissions requirements, and not those in NSPS OOOOa, will be assessed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ See 89 FR 16869; 2024 Oil & Gas Final Rule; section IX.C. 
How will the final EG OOOOc impact sources already subject to NSPS 
KKK, NSPS OOOO, or NSPS OOOOa?; see also 40 CFR 60.5365a (``An 
affected facility must continue to comply with the requirements of 
this subpart until it begins complying with a more stringent 
requirement, that applies to the same affected facility, in an 
approved, and effective, state or Federal plan that implements 
subpart OOOOc of this part, or modifies or reconstructs after 
December 6, 2022, and thus becomes subject to subpart OOOOb of this 
part.'') (emphasis added).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The EPA proposed that any WEC applicable facility that contains CAA 
section 111(b) or (d) facilities would be eligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption if each of the CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities that constitute the WEC applicable facility had no 
deviations or violations of the methane emissions requirements 
promulgated pursuant to the applicable NSPS or EG-implementing plans. 
The EPA proposed that any noncompliance at any CAA 111(b) or (d) 
facilities contained within a WEC applicable facility would result in 
that entire WEC applicable facility being ineligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption for the entire reporting year. The EPA received 
numerous comments objecting on two grounds: (1) that the definition of 
noncompliance was unnecessarily strict by including deviations that 
were not necessarily related to excess emissions; and (2) that non-
compliance at one CAA section 111 affected or designated facility 
should not prevent use of the exemption by the entire WEC applicable 
facility. Many commenters stated that the proposed approach was so 
stringent that the regulatory compliance exemption would be essentially 
unavailable. Commenters focused mainly on the types of noncompliance 
that could make the compliance exemption unavailable, especially a 
comparatively minor reporting or notification deviation that is not 
likely to cause excess emissions. Many commenters noted that despite 
industry best efforts, noncompliance events do occur, especially for 
these reporting and notification requirements, and given that WEC 
applicable facilities may contain hundreds or thousands of CAA section 
111(b) or (d) facilities, particularly in the onshore production and 
gathering and boosting segments where facilities are defined at the 
basin-level, some form of noncompliance is likely to occur within a WEC 
applicable facility at some point. Commenters stated that, under the 
proposed approach, these facilities could not claim the regulatory 
compliance exemption for the entire year, even if the deviation is 
quickly corrected or is a ``minor'' form of noncompliance. Commenters 
also noted that noncompliance with NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc-implementing 
plans may be limited to individual emissions sources within a WEC 
applicable facility, and the duration of those noncompliance events may 
vary. Commenters recommended that the EPA narrow the definition of 
noncompliance for the purposes of exemption eligibility, narrow the 
scope of equipment and associated emissions that could not claim the 
exemption in the event of noncompliance, and limit the loss of the 
exemption to the time duration of the noncompliance.
    The EPA agrees with commenters that the proposed approach may have 
unduly limited access to the regulatory compliance exemption, which 
would be counter to Congressional intent. Congress included the 
exemption to provide relief from the charge if certain criteria were 
met, and the final rule should meet the Congressional purpose to 
incentivize emissions reductions and compliance with the law without 
undercutting the intent to allow exemptions when compliance is 
achieved. Accordingly, after consideration of comments received, the 
EPA is finalizing changes to the meaning of ``compliance'' in section 
136(f)(6)(A) in several respects, as further explained, so that it 
reflects the best interpretation within the context of the statute as a 
whole and is aligned with the goals and purpose of the WEC.
    The EPA is finalizing revisions to the proposed definition of 
``compliance'' for the purpose of determining eligibility for the 
regulatory compliance exemption. As discussed in the proposal, Congress 
requires that facilities must be ``in compliance with requirements'' 
pursuant to 111(b) and (d), but Congress did not provide any specific 
definition for what it means to comply. Given Congress didn't provide a 
definition of ``compliance'' in the statutory text, we have examined 
the context in which the term is used and the objectives of the 
regulatory compliance exemption in the context of CAA section 136. As 
discussed throughout this section, the clear intent of Congress in 
creating the regulatory compliance exemption provision was to ensure 
continuous incentives to reduce methane emissions, and to relieve from 
the WEC those facilities that are successfully making methane emission 
reductions pursuant to applicable CAA section 111 standards. In other 
words, Congress did not intend to require the charge to apply where a 
WEC applicable facility was already reducing its emissions as intended 
by the 2024 Final NSPS/EG. Thus, it is most consistent within this 
statutory context to focus assessments of compliance on those 
deviations that indicate that a CAA section 111 facility is not 
reducing emissions as required by NSPS OOOOb and the applicable EG 
OOOOc-implementing State or Federal plan. However, where there is 
noncompliance with provisions of these programs that are not tied in 
some way to methane emission reductions, but rather some other 
requirement of NSPS OOOOb or the applicable EG OOOOc-implementing State 
or Federal Plan, it would not be consistent with the statutory context 
to subject the WEC applicable facility that is already responding as 
intended to the CAA section 111 requirements to reduce emissions, to 
also be subject to the charge. Accordingly, in this final rule,

[[Page 91133]]

the EPA's framework for assessing compliance conforms with the 
objectives of the regulatory compliance exemption and focuses on 
compliance activities that directly affect methane emissions, in 
accordance with the WEC's objective of incentivizing reduced methane 
emissions. It also makes the exemption realistically available to WEC 
applicable facilities and implementable for the EPA.
    The EPA is finalizing two categories of NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc 
requirements that will determine eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption. Noncompliance with respect to either category 
will result in ineligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption. 
First, any self-reported deviation \58\ from monitoring requirements, 
emissions limits or standards (or surrogate standards), operational 
limits (including operating parameter limits), or work practice 
standards is considered noncompliance for the purposes of the 
regulatory compliance exemption. This category is straightforward to 
implement in that exemption eligibility is determined based on 
information that companies are already collecting and reporting. By 
focusing regulatory compliance exemption eligibility on compliance with 
emissions limits, operational limits, work practice standards, and the 
monitoring necessary to demonstrate compliance with those standards, 
exemption eligibility is based on compliance with requirements that are 
directly linked to a facility's emission reduction requirements. This 
approach also aligns with Congressional intent for the regulatory 
compliance exemption to apply only to WEC applicable facilities where 
methane emissions are otherwise being controlled under CAA section 
111(b) and (d). In instances where methane emissions are not 
appropriately controlled consistent with these standards, it is clear 
that Congress meant that the facility could not claim the exemption.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Deviations are defined for NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc at 40 
CFR 60.5430b and 40 CFR 60.5430c, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additionally, the EPA is finalizing that any determination of a 
violation in an administrative or judicial action of any applicable 
NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc requirement, including reporting or 
recordkeeping, results in a WEC applicable facility being ineligible 
for the regulatory compliance exemption. This approach is necessary to 
account for any instances of noncompliance that are not included in 
annual NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-implementing plan reports but are 
adjudicated in an administrative or judicial proceeding. The EPA is 
finalizing that any adjudication of reporting and recordkeeping 
violations results in exemption ineligibility because failing to comply 
with these requirements can be directly linked to noncompliance with 
emissions-related requirements. For example, a company could improperly 
fail to report or keep records of certain required information because 
that information would indicate violations of, for example, emission 
limits or work practice standards. Similarly, records maintained by 
companies are often key to verifying compliance with emissions limits 
or work practice standards. Failure to maintain these records not only 
prevents the EPA or other authorities from verifying compliance, but 
can also mask noncompliance and limit the ability to prove that 
noncompliance occurred. To account for these and other NSPS OOOOb and 
EG OOOOc violations that are not reported or improperly unreported in 
annual NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc reports, the EPA is finalizing that any 
adjudicated violation of NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc is also considered 
noncompliance for the purposes of exemption eligibility.
    The EPA is finalizing that self-reported deviations from 
notification requirements are not considered a form of noncompliance 
that causes an applicable facility to lose exemption eligibility. For 
example, NSPS OOOOb includes notification requirements associated with 
well completions, well closures, and alternative fugitive emissions 
monitoring programs. These notification requirements are not 
necessarily directly linked to emissions reduction requirements for CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) facilities. The EPA is therefore finalizing that 
self-reported noncompliance with notification requirements in NSPS 
OOOOb or EG OOOOc-implementing plans does not result in ineligibility 
for the regulatory compliance exemption. This treatment of self-
reported notification requirements is specific to implementation of the 
regulatory compliance exemption under CAA section 136, and does not 
affect any treatment of noncompliance under NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-
implementing plans.
    A WEC applicable facility's eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption based on the absence of deviations from the 
specified requirements in its annual reports does not constitute a 
determination of compliance for NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-implementation 
plan. A WEC applicable facility's eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption in no way precludes the EPA from later finding and 
enforcing violations of NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-State plans, whether 
reported or unreported. If a WEC applicable facility claims the 
regulatory compliance exemption based on the absence of noncompliance 
in its annual report, but NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-implementation plan 
violations are later discovered or adjudicated, the WEC applicable 
facility's WEC obligated party must recalculate its WEC obligation 
accounting for the methane emissions that are disqualified from the 
regulatory compliance exemption due to the adjudicated violations, 
resubmit its WEC filing, and pay any resulting charge.
Portion of the WEC Applicable Facility Affected by Noncompliance
    In this final rule, for WEC applicable facilities in the natural 
gas processing, transmission compression, and underground storage 
industry segments, the EPA is finalizing as proposed that any NSPS 
OOOOb or EG OOOOc noncompliance within the WEC applicable facility 
results in the entire WEC applicable facility losing the regulatory 
compliance exemption.\59\ The EPA proposed that any noncompliance at 
CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities contained within a WEC applicable 
facility would cause the entire WEC applicable facility to lose the 
exemption. Some commenters contended that the proposed approach would 
unfairly restrict availability of the exemption, and that loss of the 
exemption should only apply to the emissions from the noncompliant CAA 
111(b) or (d) facility contained within the WEC applicable facility. 
The EPA does not agree with these comments. Congress was clear 
throughout CAA section 136 that the term ``applicable facility'' for 
purposes of that entire section, including CAA section 136(f)(6), 
refers to a WEC applicable facility--that is, a subpart W facility 
within one of the nine listed industry segments which emits over 25,000 
tons of CO2e per year. Accordingly, a plain reading of CAA 
136(f)(6)(A) indicates that the exemption is to be applied to an entire 
WEC applicable facility, not just portions of it: ``Charges shall not 
be

[[Page 91134]]

imposed pursuant to subsection (c) on an applicable facility that is 
subject to and in compliance with methane emissions requirements 
pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 111.'' (Emphasis added).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ WEC applicable facilities in the onshore production and 
gathering and boosting industry segments will be treated 
differently, as discussed in this section of the preamble. Note that 
the other defined WEC applicable facilities in CAA section 136(d)--
the offshore production, transmission pipeline, LNG import and 
export, and LNG storage industry segments--are not eligible for the 
regulatory compliance exemption because they do not contain CAA 
section 111(b) or (d) facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that WEC applicable facilities 
are eligible for the exemption if they contain any CAA section 111(b) 
or (d) facilities. While the EPA expects that most WEC applicable 
facilities in industry segments regulated under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc 
contain CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities, such WEC applicable 
facilities generally also contain equipment and emission sources that 
are not regulated under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc. Emissions from both 
types of emissions sources within a WEC applicable facility--those 
facilities regulated under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc and those sources 
that are not regulated--will be eligible for the regulatory compliance 
exemption by virtue of the fact that the exemption is applied to the 
entire WEC applicable facility. Some commenters recommended that once 
the exemption is first applied to the WEC applicable facility, only the 
emissions from noncompliant CAA sections 111(b) and (d) facilities 
should lose the exemption. In other words, these commenters argued that 
once the exemption is applied to the entire WEC facility, it should be 
lost at the CAA section 111 facility level. The EPA disagrees with this 
comment. First, such an approach would be contrary to the plain text of 
the statute, which requires the EPA to apply the exemption to the 
entire WEC applicable facility at once, because CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A) states that ``charges shall not be imposed on an 
applicable facility that is subject to and in compliance with'' the CAA 
section 111 standards. According to ordinary meaning, established 
principles of statutory construction, and the general requirements 
under CAA section 136(c) that the EPA ``shall impose and collect a 
charge on methane emissions that exceed an applicable waste emissions 
threshold . . . from an owner or operator of an applicable facility 
that reports more than 25,000 metric tons'' of CO2e under 
subpart W, the inverse must also be true: charges shall be imposed on a 
WEC applicable facility that is not subject to and in compliance with 
CAA section 111 standards. That is, the regulatory compliance exemption 
must be applied to, and withdrawn from, a WEC applicable facility as a 
whole.
    Second, if the EPA were to take the approach suggested by the 
commenters, once the facility as a whole is first granted the 
exemption, emissions from those sources that are not subject to NSPS 
OOOOb and EG OOOOc (and thus not otherwise required to reduce 
emissions) would continue to benefit from the exemption forever, even 
while the CAA section 111 facilities are out of compliance. For 
example, under this approach advanced by some commenters, every CAA 
section 111(b) and (d) facility in a WEC applicable facility could be 
out of compliance, but methane emissions from every subpart W emission 
source that is not regulated under NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc would 
continue to receive the exemption. In this scenario, the unregulated 
sources would be exempted from the WEC and therefore subject to no 
incentive to reduce methane emissions even while the CAA section 111(b) 
and (d) facilities that permitted the WEC affected facility to apply 
the exemption are also not reducing methane emissions. It would be 
inconsistent to make the exemption available to these unregulated 
emissions sources by virtue of the fact that they are located within a 
WEC applicable facility that also contains CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities, and then continue to allow them to access the exemption 
when the CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities within the WEC 
applicable facility are in noncompliance. In other words, this would 
result in an ``all in'' approach for exemption eligibility, but a 
``some out'' approach for loss of the exemption in the event of 
noncompliance. Such an approach would: not be consistent with the 
statute; arbitrary from a practical implementation standpoint; and 
counter to the intent of the WEC to incentivize methane emission 
reductions across the industry. Further, this approach is not 
practically implementable because there is no specific alignment 
between the definitions and scope of CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
applicable and designated facilities and the subpart W emissions 
sources at a WEC applicable facility, and therefore methane emissions 
from CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities cannot be directly subtracted 
from reported subpart W data in order to assess the WEC against only 
those noncompliant facilities. Requiring collection and reporting of 
such data would significantly increase program complexity, as well as 
the burden on both industry and the EPA. The EPA therefore concludes 
that its proposed ``all in, all out'' approach for the portion of the 
WEC applicable facility that loses access to the regulatory compliance 
exemption is the best interpretation of the statute and is the most 
consistent with the WEC's goals of incentivizing methane emissions 
reductions, subject to the following exceptional circumstances, as 
described.
    Onshore Production and Gathering and Boosting WEC Applicable 
Facilities: Portion of Facility Affected by Noncompliance. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing discussion and the EPA's general approach 
for application of the regulatory compliance exemption, based on 
compelling comments from commenters and upon reconsideration of the 
Congressional intent of the WEC within the context of this exemption, 
the EPA is finalizing a unique approach for the portion of the WEC 
applicable facility affected by noncompliance specific to the onshore 
production and gathering and boosting industry segments. Some 
commenters noted that facilities in these industry segments would be 
uniquely affected by the proposed approach (and, the finalized approach 
for the natural gas processing, transmissions compression, and 
underground storage industry segments) of the entire WEC applicable 
facility losing the exemption as the result of any section 111(b) or 
(d) noncompliance. WEC applicable facilities in the onshore production 
and gathering and boosting industry segments are defined at the 
geologic basin level and may consist of hundreds of well pads or dozens 
of compressor stations spread across a wide geographic area (e.g., the 
Permian Basin is over 80,000 square miles or about the size of the 
State of Utah). By comparison, WEC applicable facilities in other 
industry segments that are eligible for the regulatory compliance 
exemption, such as gas processing plants or transmission compressor 
stations, are typically no larger than several city blocks and consist 
of co-located emission sources. As one commenter noted, because of the 
basin-wide scale of the WEC applicable facilities in the onshore 
production and gathering and boosting industry segments, they may 
contain hundreds or thousands of CAA section 111(b) and (d) affected 
and designated facilities. This makes these industry segments unique in 
how the approach for this exemption would affect them; other WEC 
applicable facility industry segments such as the natural gas 
processing, transmissions compression, and underground storage industry 
segments typically have between ten and one hundred CAA 111(b) or (d) 
facilities. This is notable because, under the proposed and final 
approach that the EPA is taking for the natural gas processing, 
transmissions compression, and underground storage industry segments, a 
single noncompliant CAA

[[Page 91135]]

section 111(b) or (d) facility at a single well pad in the onshore 
production industry segments or at a single gathering compressor 
station in the gathering and boosting industry segment at these WEC 
applicable facilities (which might contain hundreds of well pads or 
dozens of gathering compressor stations) would result in the entire 
basin-wide WEC applicable facility becoming ineligible for the 
exemption. As stated by commenters, given the widespread geographic 
span and potentially very large number of CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities associated with basin-level WEC applicable facilities, the 
regulatory compliance exemption could turn out to be largely 
unavailable for WEC applicable facilities of this type.
    In promulgating the requirements under CAA section 136, Congress 
was aware of the existing definitions of ``facility'' under subpart W 
for the various applicable industry segments, including the basin-wide 
definitions that apply to onshore production and gathering and boosting 
facilities. And pursuant to the plain text of CAA section 136(f)(6)(A), 
the exemption is intended to be applied and revoked facility wide. 
Nevertheless, the EPA understands that Congress's general intention in 
establishing the regulatory compliance exemption was to provide an 
incentive for regulatory compliance--and in order for such an incentive 
to exist, it must be reasonably possible for owners and operators to 
achieve such compliance to ensure that the exemption is realistically 
available as intended. However, in the unique case of basin-wide 
facilities, should the EPA withdraw the exemption on a facility-wide 
basis in response to any one instance of noncompliance at a CAA section 
111 facility, the EPA agrees with commenters that it the exemption 
would not be as accessible to basin-wide facilities as intended by 
Congress under this provision.
    Some occasional instances of noncompliance are to be expected over 
the span of a WEC applicable facility. After considering comments, 
however, the EPA appreciates that in the case of basin-wide facilities, 
because these facilities are so vast--often containing thousands of CAA 
section 111 facilities--and because there are numerous ways in which 
any one of these CAA section 111 facilities can be in noncompliance at 
any one time, universal compliance for every single CAA section 111 
facility would be very challenging for basin-wide facilities. The 
result could be that a violation at one location could result in loss 
of the exemption for hundreds, or potentially thousands of other 
locations that are fully compliant. The EPA has concluded that such 
result does not comport with the Congressional intent of the WEC or 
with the overall purpose of the regulatory compliance exemption. 
Indeed, the EPA believes that such scenario would constitute an absurd 
result, and one not foreseen by Congress, which did not have the 
benefit of industry comment regarding the difficulty of universal 
compliance across thousands of CAA section 111 facilities, when it 
drafted its provision applying the regulatory compliance exemption to 
the WEC applicable facility as a whole, for all WEC applicable 
facilities to which the exemption would apply.
    Historically, in cases where ``unambiguous statutory commands'' 
would nevertheless lead to ``absurd results'', the Supreme Court has 
seen fit to ``adjust[ ]'' these commands \60\--a theory of judicial 
review recognized in legal scholarship as the ``absurdity doctrine.'' 
\61\ Where a certain interpretation would be reasonable in most cases 
but compel absurd results in a particular case, the Court may read an 
implicit exemption into the text to allow support for the plain text 
reading as a general matter but to avoid the specific absurd 
results.\62\ In particular, the Court may read an implicit exemption 
into the text where failing to do so would be inconsistent with 
Congressional intent for the purpose of the provision at issue.\63\ 
Accordingly, for the reasons explained in further detail, after 
consideration of comments, and in the interest of avoiding absurd 
results, the EPA is finalizing a specific approach for WEC applicable 
facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production and 
onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting industry 
segments such that for WEC applicable facilities in these industry 
segments only, the loss of the exemption occurs at the site-level 
rather than the facility-level. The EPA notes that this distinction for 
basin-level onshore production and gathering and boosting industry 
segments does not change the definition of ``applicable facility'' 
under part 99 or the definitions of ``facility'' for these or other 
industry segments under 40 CFR part 98, because, as we discussed, 
Congress was well aware of the part 98 definitions when it defined 
applicable facility for purposes of calculating the charge by reference 
to the long-existing subpart W definitions--and Congress was clear in 
defining ``applicable facility'' for purposes of CAA section 136. There 
is nothing absurd about, for example, applying the 25,000 
CO2e WEC applicability threshold at the basin-wide facility 
level for these industry segments; thus, we don't find these 
consequences to be universal across the CAA section 136 framework. 
Structuring this final rule such that onshore production and gathering 
and boosting facilities will lose the regulatory compliance exemption 
at the site level is exclusively for the purpose of making the 
regulatory compliance exemption accessible to all of the relevant WEC 
applicable facilities that

[[Page 91136]]

Congress intended to receive the exemption.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ Manning, John, ``The Absurdity Doctrine'', 116 Harv. L. 
Rev. 2388, 2389 (Jun. 2003) (citing Clinton v. City of New York, 524 
U.S. 417, 429 (1998); Pub. Citizen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 491 
U.S. 440, 454-55 (1989); Jackson v. Lykes Bros. S.S. Co., 386 U.S. 
731, 735 (1967); United States v. Brown, 333 U.S. 18, 27 (1948); 
Armstrong Paint & Varnish Works v. Nu-Enamel Corp., 305 U.S. 315, 
333 (1938); Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 447-49 (1932); 
United States v. Katz, 271 U.S. 354, 362 (1926); Hawaii v. Mankichi, 
190 U.S. 197, 2 13-14 (1903); Church of the Holy Trinity v. United 
States, 143 U.S. 457, 465, 472).
    \61\ See id. at 2388.
    \62\ See Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA, 573 U.S. 302, 321-
22 (2014) (holding that the term ``air pollutant'', which--pursuant 
to a plain text reading and the EPA's endangerment finding for 
greenhouse gases encompasses greenhouse gases in most sections of 
the Clean Air Act--nevertheless excludes greenhouse gases in the 
context of the PSD program and Title V permitting, because to read 
the phrase ``air pollutant'' to include greenhouse gases in those 
sections would produce absurd results; specifically, such a reading 
would trigger millions of new previously unregulated sources into 
the program, ballooning the number of Title V regulated sources 
alone from 15,000 to 6.1 million, and increasing costs by factors of 
a thousand).
    \63\ See id. (``[the] EPA itself has repeatedly acknowledged 
that applying the PSD and Title V permitting requirements to 
greenhouse gases would be inconsistent with--in fact, would 
overthrow--the Act's structure and design . . . [because] `the great 
majority of additional sources brought into the PSD and title V 
programs would be small sources that Congress did not expect would 
need to undergo permitting' [and] the EPA stated that these results 
would be so `contrary to congressional intent,' and would so 
`severely undermine what Congress sought to accomplish,' that they 
necessitated as much as a 1,000-fold increase in the permitting 
thresholds set forth in the statute.''). See also Church of the Holy 
Trinity v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1982) (holding that 
notwithstanding a federal statute declaring it ``unlawful for any 
person, company, partnership, or corporation, in any manner 
whatsoever, to prepay the transportation, or in any way assist or 
encourage the importation or migration of any alien or aliens, any 
foreigner or foreigners, into the United States . . . under contract 
or agreement . . . to perform labor or service of any kind in the 
United States . . .'', an Episcopal Church in New York City had not 
violated the law in contracting the services of an English pastor. 
Id. at 458. The Court stated that although ``it must be conceded 
that the act of the [church was] within the letter of this 
section'', applying the law to the church in this case would lead to 
``absurd results'' which Congress surely had not intended. Id. at 
459. Ultimately, the Court read an implicit exemption into the law 
applying to religious labor. Id. at 465-66.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For onshore production facilities, the site is the ``well-pad 
site,'' as defined by 40 CFR 98.238.\64\ For gathering and boosting 
facilities, the site is the ``gathering and boosting site'', as defined 
by 40 CFR 98.238.\65\ In the final rule, the loss of the regulatory 
compliance exemption at the site level for the onshore production and 
gathering and boosting industry segments is applied in the same manner 
as at the facility-level for natural gas processing, transmission 
compression, and underground storage industry segments, meaning that 
all methane emissions at the site with NSPS OOOOb or State/Federal plan 
noncompliance are ineligible for the exemption. This aligns with the 
general ``all in, all out'' approach for the exemption loss for natural 
gas processing, transmission compression, and underground storage 
industry segments, whereby emissions from all emission sources (i.e., 
emissions from sources regulated under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc as well 
as sources not regulated under NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc) lose the 
exemption in the event of noncompliance. The EPA notes that this 
approach is straightforward to implement as site-level emissions 
reporting is required under the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule and can be 
directly used to calculate any emissions that lose the exemption. 
Section II.D.2.g. of this preamble describes the emissions calculations 
applicable to loss of the regulatory compliance exemption.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \64\ ``Well-pad site means all equipment on or associated with a 
single well-pad. Specifically, the well-pad site includes all 
equipment on a single well-pad plus all equipment associated with 
that single well-pad.'' 40 CFR 98.238.
    \65\ ``Gathering and boosting site means a single gathering 
compressor station as defined in this section, centralized oil 
production site as defined in this section, gathering pipeline site 
as defined in this section, or other fenceline site within the 
onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting industry 
segment.'' Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Period of time for assessing the exemption in the event of 
noncompliance. In the final rule, the EPA is finalizing revisions to 
the proposal approach with respect to the period of time for which the 
exemption is applied in the event of any section 111(b) or (d) 
noncompliance. The EPA proposed that any noncompliance would result in 
loss of the exemption for the entire year. Several commenters noted 
that the duration of a NSPS OOOOb or EG OOOOc-implementing plan 
noncompliance event can vary, and that some noncompliance events may be 
very brief. Commenters stated that the proposed approach of assessing 
the exemption for the entire year was unreasonable. We agree with these 
commenters that withholding the exemption for an entire year in the 
instance of noncompliance goes beyond the Congressional purpose of 
making the exemption reasonably available to WEC applicable facilities 
that are in compliance with 111(b) and (d). Some commenters noted that 
under the proposed approach, where noncompliance occurred for a single 
111(b) or (d) facility within a WEC applicable facility for an hour, 
that entire WEC applicable facility would lose the exemption for the 
entire calendar year. The best reading of the statute requires that the 
exemption be realistically available to WEC applicable facilities that 
are achieving compliance in accordance with the requirements in 111(b) 
and (d)--losing the exemption for an entire year would, in many 
instances be out of proportion to the extent of noncompliance and 
unduly constrain use of the exemption.
    The EPA also received comments recommending that the length of time 
for which the exemption be lost in the event of noncompliance 
correspond with the period of noncompliance. The EPA disagrees with 
these commenters. A key consideration in establishing a temporal 
element for the regulatory compliance exemption is the data used to 
establish the duration of noncompliance. The EPA is finalizing that 
data from NSPS OOOOb and state/Federal plan annual reports will be used 
to calculate the duration of noncompliance for the purpose of exemption 
eligibility. Use of existing data reduces the burden on industry and 
increases consistency in regulatory requirements. Although deviations 
for purposes of WEC are based on the NSPS OOOOb and State/Federal plan 
reports, the EPA notes that because NSPS OOOOb and EG OOOOc do not 
provide specific direction on the calculation of the deviation 
duration, the deviation start and stop times included in NSPS OOOOb and 
state/Federal plan annual reports may be inconsistent and may not be 
reflective of the actual length of noncompliance. Significantly, the 
reported start times may be based on when a deviation was detected, not 
when the deviation began. Reported durations therefore can 
significantly underestimate the actual length of noncompliance. 
Considering the exemption at a smaller time interval, such as hourly or 
daily, assumes too much certainty with respect to the information in 
the annual reports, and could end up providing the exemption to WEC 
applicable facilities during periods of noncompliance for their 
constituent CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities. The EPA also 
concludes that such an approach is inconsistent with Congressional 
intent of incentivizing meaningful emission reductions and compliance 
with section 111(b) and (d) methane emissions standards and plans.
    The EPA has concluded that, where a WEC applicable facility has 
instances of noncompliance with section 111(b) and (d) methane 
emissions standards and plans, losing the exemption for an entire year 
unduly constrains use of the exemption contrary to Congressional 
intent. The EPA has also concluded that under such scenario, losing the 
exemption for the same amount of time as the noncompliance event is 
infeasible, impractical, and counter to Congressional intent. 
Attempting to define that period would go well beyond existing 
reporting and impose a large additional burden on both the regulated 
industry and on the EPA. Accordingly, after consideration of comments 
received, the EPA is finalizing an approach in the final rule that 
eligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption will be evaluated 
on a quarterly basis. Any NSPS OOOOb or State/Federal plan 
noncompliance results in the entire WEC applicable facility (or site 
within the WEC applicable facility for the onshore production and 
gathering and boosting industry segments only) losing the exemption for 
the entire quarter(s) in which the noncompliance occurs. Quarters are 
delineated based on the calendar year (e.g., January through March). 
Quarterly compliance status is based on the start and stop dates of 
applicable deviations as reported in annual NSPS OOOOb and State/
Federal plan annual reports. Where a noncompliance event spans multiple 
quarters, the exemption will be lost for those multiple quarters in 
which noncompliance occurs.
    The EPA believes that WEC applicable facilities losing the 
exemption on a quarterly basis in the event of noncompliance is an 
appropriate approach that is consistent with the language and goals of 
the WEC, enables use of existing reporting, and avoids significant 
additional reporting and administrative burden. While the statute 
addresses when the charge should begin (for emissions reported for 
calendar year 2024) and when it should resume if the conditions in CAA 
section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) cease to apply (the first calendar 
year in which those conditions are no longer met), it does not specify 
what length of time an applicable facility should lose eligibility for 
the regulatory compliance

[[Page 91137]]

exemption in the face of noncompliance (pursuant to CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)). Given that Congress did not specify how long a WEC 
applicable facility would lose the exemption for in the event of 
noncompliance, the EPA concludes that proceeding on a quarterly basis 
is a reasonable approach for the practical considerations. The final 
approach increases flexibility so that access to the regulatory 
compliance exemption is not overly restrictive (i.e., one deviation 
would not lead to loss of the exemption for an entire year, as 
proposed), while maintaining the integrity of the exemption such that 
it is unavailable to WEC applicable facilities during times of NSPS 
OOOOb or State/Federal plan noncompliance (as some commenters urged). 
The final approach also aligns with the intent of the WEC--to provide 
reasonable access to an exemption from the charge for WEC applicable 
facilities that are in compliance with their methane emission 
requirements without allowing the exemption for periods of 
noncompliance, while also incentivizing methane emission reductions.
    Exemption Applicability under new or revised oil and gas NSPS or 
EG. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that, should additional or 
revised NSPS/EG regulations for the oil and natural gas industry source 
category be finalized in the future, the EPA will reassess compliance 
with the methane emissions requirements in those regulations for 
determining continued availability of the regulatory compliance 
exemption. As discussed in section II.D.2.i. of this preamble, the 
regulatory compliance exemption could become unavailable if future 
NSPS/EG revisions would, upon implementation, result in fewer emissions 
reductions than would have been achieved by the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal, 
had that proposal been finalized and implemented. Similarly, the 
exemption could be reinstated upon adoption and implementation of NSPS/
EG revisions that restore emissions reduction equivalency with, or 
improvement upon, the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal.
    It is also possible that the EPA may revise the 2024 Final NSPS/EG 
in the future to add requirements for equipment in industry segments 
that are not currently regulated. This creates the potential that the 
regulatory compliance exemption may become available to additional WEC 
applicable facilities, upon the appropriate Administrator 
determination. In such cases where a new or expanded regulation issued 
pursuant to CAA section 111(b) or (d) would apply to a methane emission 
source at a WEC applicable facility that is in a segment of the oil and 
natural gas industry not currently covered by the 2024 Final NSPS/EG, 
the EPA is finalizing as proposed that such regulation will not have 
any effect on those WEC applicable facilities with existing access to 
the regulatory compliance exemption. However, in such case, the 
Administrator would still need to make appropriate determinations for 
the additional industry segments pursuant to CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i) consistent with the framework finalized in this 
rulemaking. Such WEC applicable facilities would then be eligible to 
claim the exemption so long as they are they are subject to and in 
compliance with the applicable methane emissions requirements.
g. Calculation of Emissions for Partial Eligibility for the Regulatory 
Compliance Exemption
    The EPA is finalizing calculation methodologies for the regulatory 
compliance exemption at 40 CFR 99.43. These calculation methodologies 
are necessary to account for the revisions from the proposed rule that 
the EPA is finalizing, including the assessment of the emissions 
qualifying for exemption at the site level for WEC applicable 
facilities in the onshore production and gathering and boosting 
industry segments and assessment of compliance on a quarterly basis for 
purposes of the exemption for all WEC applicable facilities. Under the 
proposed rule, exemption eligibility was assessed for the entire year 
and for the entire WEC applicable facility, therefore calculation 
methodologies accounting for partial year exemption as well as site 
level assessment were not required.
    Because the final approach for the regulatory compliance exemption 
allows for partial exemption eligibility, the EPA is by necessity 
revising the calculation methodology from proposal to match the 
approach in the final rule. In the final rule, for facilities in the 
onshore production and gathering and boosting industry segments, 
methane emissions as reported under subpart W that would not qualify 
for the exemption are those from the individual site(s) where NSPS 
OOOOb or State/Federal plan noncompliance occurs. These site-level 
emissions (i.e., the sum of emissions from all quarters in the year in 
which the noncompliance occurs) are compared to the entire WEC 
applicable facility's facility applicable emissions (i.e., methane 
emissions at the WEC applicable facility above the waste emissions 
threshold prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions). If the 
sum of total methane emissions from the site(s) with noncompliance is 
less than the facility applicable emissions, the sum of methane 
emissions from the site(s) with noncompliance is the total amount of 
emissions that would not qualify for the regulatory compliance 
exemption. If the sum of methane emissions from the site(s) with 
noncompliance are greater than the WEC applicable facility's facility 
applicable emissions, the entire WEC applicable facility would not 
qualify to exempt any emissions under the regulatory compliance 
exemption for the reporting year. In this way, facility applicable 
emissions serve as a ceiling for the total amount of emissions that 
would not qualify for the regulatory compliance exemption because in 
the absence of the regulatory compliance exemption, this is the highest 
possible amount of methane that would potentially be subject to charge. 
For WEC applicable facilities in all other industry segments, we are 
finalizing as proposed that the entire WEC applicable facility would 
not qualify for the regulatory compliance exemption and thus its 
facility applicable emissions are the highest number of metric tons of 
methane potentially subject to charge.
    As described in section II.D.2.f of. this preamble, the EPA is 
finalizing that eligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption 
will be evaluated on a calendar quarter basis. Emissions from all 
emissions sources contained within a WEC applicable facility (or site, 
for onshore production and gathering and boosting facilities) are not 
eligible for the regulatory compliance exemption during any calendar 
quarter in which there is noncompliance among any CAA section 111(b) or 
(d) facilities contained within the WEC applicable facility (or site, 
for onshore production and gathering and boosting facilities), as 
described in section II.D.2.f. of this preamble and detailed at 40 CFR 
99.41(d) and 99.42(d). Quarterly emissions will be calculated by taking 
annual facility or site subpart W methane emissions, subtracting any 
emissions from other large release events, and dividing by four. If 
emissions from other large release events occur in a quarter with 
noncompliance, these emissions are added to the quarter's emissions 
that are ineligible for the exemption. If emissions from other large 
release events, as reported under 40 CFR 98.236(y), span across 
multiple quarters, emissions from these events are allocated to 
individual quarters by multiplying total methane emissions from each 
event by the ratio of event duration, in days, to total days in the

[[Page 91138]]

quarter. The removal of emissions from other large release events prior 
to calculating average quarterly emissions ensures that these emissions 
are not allocated to quarters when they are known not to have occurred, 
and ensures they are accounted for in quarters in which there is NSPS 
OOOOb or State/Federal plan noncompliance. The calculation of quarterly 
methane emissions as annual emissions divided by four (after removing 
emissions from other large release events) simplifies implementation 
and reduces burden for both industry and the EPA. An approach that 
attempted to estimate methane emissions that are directly emitted in 
each quarter would have significantly increased the reporting 
requirements for industry, would not be anticipated to meaningly differ 
from the final approach for all emissions sources, and would have 
generated emissions data that would be close to impossible to verify 
without further increasing reporting requirements.
    For WEC applicable facilities with partial-year eligibility for the 
regulatory compliance exemption, the quantity of emissions that qualify 
for the regulatory compliance exemption is calculated as the facility 
applicable emissions minus the sum of quarterly facility or site-level 
methane emissions, as appropriate, for all quarters with NSPS OOOOb or 
State/Federal plan noncompliance. If this calculation results in a 
value equal to or less than zero, the facility does not have emissions 
that qualify for a claim under the regulatory compliance exemption 
(i.e., facility applicable emissions serve as a ceiling, and if there 
are no other eligible exempted emissions, WEC applicable emissions are 
equal to facility applicable emissions). If the calculation results in 
a positive value, then the facility applicable emissions are reduced by 
this amount when determining the WEC applicable emissions for the 
facility pursuant to the final requirements of 40 CFR 99.21(d). The 
positive value represents the amount of methane emissions eligible for 
the exemption. The calculation procedures for WEC applicable facilities 
with partial-year eligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption 
have been finalized at 40 CFR 99.43(b), including equations D-1A, for 
onshore production and onshore gathering and boosting facilities, and 
D-1B for facilities in all other industry segments. The quantity of 
emissions that would qualify for exemption under both the regulatory 
compliance exemption and any other exemption are then subtracted from 
this value, as described later in this section.
    As a result of the finalized approach for assessment of partial 
regulatory compliance exemption under this final rule, it would be 
possible for a WEC applicable facility in the onshore production 
segment to have exempted emissions due to eligible permitting delays 
and plugged wells at a facility that also has qualified emissions 
eligible for the regulatory compliance exemption. In order to avoid 
double-counting emissions eligible for exemption (i.e., subtracting the 
same methane emissions twice when calculating WEC applicable 
emissions), we are finalizing requirements at 40 CFR 99.43(c) to 
determine the quantity of emissions that would qualify for exemption 
under both the regulatory compliance exemption and any other exemption. 
Emissions under this scenario are quantified by multiplying the total 
quantity of emissions claimed for plugged wells by the ratio of the 
number of calendar quarters for which the facility qualified for 
regulatory compliance exemption divided by four added to the total 
quantity of emissions claimed for unreasonable permitting delay 
multiplied by the ratio of the number of days (considering calendar 
quarters) the facility qualified for the regulatory compliance 
exemption divided by the total number of days eligible for unreasonable 
permitting delay. For example, a facility qualified to claim for 
exemption 100 mt of CH4 due to eligible unreasonable 
permitting delay for 365 days, qualified for exemption of 4 mt of 
CH4 emissions from plugged wells, and qualified for 
regulatory compliance exemption for three calendar quarters (273 days) 
(January 1-March 31; April 1-June 30; and July 1-September 30), this 
calculation would result in a value of 77.79 mt of CH4. This 
value is subtracted when determining the emissions attributed to 
qualifying for the regulatory compliance exemption. In this way, these 
emissions are appropriately attributed to the eligible permitting delay 
and/or plugged well exemptions rather than being double-counted as part 
of the regulatory compliance exempted emissions. For facilities in the 
onshore production industry segment, this assessment is computed on a 
site-by-site basis and then totaled. The calculations for determination 
of the emissions that would qualify for exemption under both the 
regulatory compliance exemption and another exemption are finalized at 
Equation D-2A, applicable for facilities in the onshore production 
industry segment, and Equation D-2B, applicable for facilities in all 
other industry segments.
h. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for the Regulatory 
Compliance Exemption
    We are finalizing reporting requirements at 40 CFR 99.7(b)(2)(iv) 
relevant to the regulatory compliance exemption. Those requirements 
provide that once the Administrator has made the requisite 
determinations in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i)-(ii) for a given State 
(or group of States, for facilities that span multiple States) and the 
final compliance date for CAA section 111 facilities in that State(s) 
has passed, each WEC filing submitted by a WEC obligated party for each 
WEC applicable facility in the State(s) that exceeds the waste 
emissions threshold that contains any CAA section 111(b) and (d) 
facilities and which are claiming the exemption must include certain 
information relevant to the regulatory compliance exemption. This final 
approach is conceptually similar to the proposed approach of initiating 
reporting requirements for the exemption only when the exemption 
becomes available, but it is changed in that it is now aligned with the 
timing of regulatory compliance exemption availability as finalized in 
this rulemaking. CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) mandates that the EPA shall 
not impose a charge upon WEC applicable facilities that qualify for the 
regulatory compliance exemption. Under the final approach for 
implementing the regulatory compliance exemption, WEC applicable 
facilities that are below the waste emissions threshold are ineligible 
for the exemption. The EPA therefore is finalizing as proposed that WEC 
obligated parties are not required to report information related to the 
compliance status of CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities contained 
within WEC applicable facilities for WEC applicable facilities that are 
below the waste emissions threshold. The EPA is also finalizing that 
WEC applicable facilities that are not eligible for the regulatory 
compliance exemption, or that otherwise choose not to use the 
regulatory compliance exemption, are not subject to the reporting 
requirement at 40 CFR 99.7(b)(2)(iv).
    The EPA is also finalizing, as proposed, reporting requirements for 
facilities that qualify for and elect to claim the regulatory 
compliance exemption at 40 CFR 99.42. We are finalizing that the WEC 
filing submitted by the WEC obligated party for each WEC applicable 
facility must include a certification of the NSPS and State and Federal 
plan compliance status for each

[[Page 91139]]

CAA section 111(b) and (d) facility located within a WEC applicable 
facility during the reporting year. This certification of compliance 
status must indicate if any CAA section 111(b) or (d) facilities 
contained within the WEC applicable facility had any noncompliance, as 
defined in this final rule, from methane requirements for monitoring, 
emissions limits or standards (surrogate parameters), operating limits 
(including operational parameter limits), or work practice standards in 
the reporting year, and must indicate in which quarter of the year 
those deviations occurred. WEC applicable facilities that meet 
regulatory compliance exemption eligibility requirements for the entire 
year or a portion of the year are required to report the ICIS-AIR ID 
(or if unavailable, the facility registry service (FRS) ID and EPA 
Registry ID from CEDRI) reporting identifiers for each CAA section 
111(b) and (d) facility located within the WEC applicable facility. 
These identifiers provide links to reports, emissions, and compliance 
data for each CAA section 111(b) and (d) facility located within the 
WEC applicable facility, which is information necessary for the EPA to 
confirm the accuracy of the reported compliance status.
    The EPA proposed that WEC applicable facilities that are not 
eligible for the exemption would be required to submit one report 
associated with the CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities located 
within the WEC applicable facility that documents any instance of 
noncompliance for the reporting year. The EPA received comments stating 
that exemption-related reporting requirements should not apply to WEC 
applicable facilities that are not eligible for the exemption. The EPA 
agrees, and the final rule does not include reporting requirements for 
the regulatory compliance exemption for WEC applicable facilities that 
are not eligible for the regulatory compliance exemption or otherwise 
choose not to use the exemption. As supporting documentation for the 
certification of compliance status of WEC applicable facilities that 
are fully or partially eligible for the exemption, we are finalizing, 
as proposed, to require the submittal of report(s) associated with the 
CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities located within the WEC applicable 
facility. The EPA recognizes that the compliance certification period 
for CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities may not align with the 
reporting year for which the filing is being completed and that at the 
time of the WEC filing due on August 31 of each year, report(s) 
covering the complete preceding reporting year for WEC filing may not 
be available. To accommodate these cases where the NSPS OOOOb and 
State/Federal plan compliance status for the complete reporting year is 
not known at the time of the WEC filing, the EPA is finalizing that the 
WEC obligated party must provide compliance reports for the portion of 
the year for which they are available (including the period of time 
covered); for the remainder of the year, the WEC obligated party must 
provide a certification of compliance status for each CAA section 
111(b) and (d) facility at the WEC applicable facility that is not 
available at the time of the WEC filing. It also is possible that the 
complete calendar year of WEC filing is covered by two annual reports, 
each covering a portion of the calendar year. In this case, the WEC 
applicable facility must submit both annual reports. The EPA further 
recognizes that a WEC applicable facility may contain CAA section 
111(b) and (d) facilities that first became subject to requirements 
under CAA sections 111(b) and (d) during the reporting year associated 
with the filing and for which the first year of compliance is not 
completed. For these CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities, we are 
finalizing as proposed to require that the filing identify the type of 
facility, the date that it became subject, and a certification of the 
compliance status for the portion of the year in which it was subject 
to requirements under CAA sections 111(b) and (d). In cases where the 
initial filing does not include a report covering the entire reporting 
year, we are finalizing as proposed to require that the WEC obligated 
party provide a revised filing once such a report becomes available. 
The EPA is finalizing that this revised filing under the final WEC rule 
would be required to be made within 30 calendar days of the date that 
the compliance report covering the remainder of the year would be due 
under the applicable requirements of NSPS OOOOb or a State/Federal 
plan. The deadlines for filing revisions to WEC filings as discussed in 
section III.A.4. do not apply for the submittal of compliance reports.
    We are finalizing language at 40 CFR 99.41(e) clarifying that for 
purposes of 40 CFR part 99, ``affected facility(ies)'' or ``designated 
facility(ies)'' that are located at the WEC applicable facility means 
the affected facility(ies) or designated facility(ies) that was (were) 
part of the WEC applicable facility as of December 31 of the reporting 
year, as well as any facility(ies) that was (were) decommissioned 
during the reporting year without being transferred to another WEC 
applicable facility. This language serves to clarify that the basis for 
determining the CAA section 111 facilities for which submission of 
compliance reports is required and qualification for exemption of 
emissions is determined under the regulatory compliance exemption is 
aligned with the basis for reporting emissions under subpart W of the 
GHGRP. We are also finalizing an additional reporting requirement at 40 
CFR 99.42(b)(7) necessary for verification and implementation of this 
basis of compliance report submittal under the regulatory compliance 
exemption. The EPA recognizes that the requirement to submit compliance 
reports covering the full calendar year for all CAA section 111 
facilities located at a WEC applicable facility may result in 
submission of reports that include equipment that was not located at 
that WEC applicable facility during the year. For example, in the 
circumstance of a CAA section 111 facility that is purchased from 
another owner or operator during the reporting year, the compliance 
report prepared for that particular section 111 facility (i.e., piece 
of equipment) may also include equipment that was not transferred. The 
reporting requirement of 40 CFR 99.42(b)(6) requires an indication of 
whether any compliance reports submitted pursuant to 40 CFR 99.42(b) 
include one or more CAA section 111 facilities that are not located at 
the WEC applicable facility, and for any such CAA section 111 
facilities, an indication of whether the CAA section 111 facility was 
part of the WEC applicable facility for part of the reporting year and 
transferred to another facility prior to December 31 of the reporting 
year or if the affected or designated facility was not part of the WEC 
applicable at any time during the reporting year.
    We are finalizing additional reporting requirements related to the 
regulatory compliance exemption beyond those that were proposed at 40 
CFR 99.42(d), 99.42(e), and 99.42(f). These requirements are necessary 
to support implementation of the final approaches for assessment of 
noncompliance at the site level for the onshore petroleum and natural 
gas production and onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and 
boosting industry segments, as well as quarterly assessment of whether 
a facility (or site) meets the criteria for exemption of emissions 
under the regulatory compliance exemption as discussed in section 
II.D.2.f. of this preamble. The final requirements at 40 CFR 99.42(d) 
require that for each submitted compliance report that

[[Page 91140]]

indicates a deviation or violation, the compliance reporting 
identifiers associated with the affected or designated facilities for 
which there was a deviation or violation are reported. Additionally, an 
indication for each calendar quarter is required as to whether the 
compliance report indicates that the criteria for exemption of 
emissions were met during that calendar quarter. The final requirements 
at 40 CFR 99.42(e) establish additional reporting for other large 
release events that occurred within or overlapped with a quarter in 
which the facility (or site) did not qualify for regulatory compliance 
exemption. These additional elements consist of the unique release 
event identification number as reported to subpart W for the release 
event and the duration of the event, in days, that occurred during 
calendar quarters in which the facility (or site) did not qualify for 
regulatory compliance exemption. These reported data elements are 
necessary for implementation of the calculation of emissions exempted 
under the regulatory compliance exemption that are associated with 
other large release events, as discussed in section II.D.2.g. of this 
preamble. The final requirements at 40 CFR 99.42(h) consist of the 
reporting of the quantity of methane emissions at the WEC applicable 
facility qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption, the total 
quantity of methane emissions that qualified for exemption under both 
the regulatory compliance exemption and another exemption, whether the 
facility (or site) did not meet the criteria for exemption of all 
emissions under the regulatory compliance exemption, and if so an 
indication for each calendar quarter of whether the facility (or site) 
met the criteria for exemption of emissions during that calendar 
quarter. In cases where multiple compliance reports are submitted for a 
facility, individual well-pad site (for the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment) or individual gathering and 
boosting site (for the onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and 
boosting industry segment), the calendar quarters reported under this 
requirement must reflect the periods of time in which the conditions 
for the exemption of emissions were met for the facility, well-pad 
site, or gathering and boosting site, as applicable, in its entirety. 
For example, if two reports were submitted that together represent all 
of the affected and designated facilities at a well-pad site, and one 
report indicates deviation during only the first calendar quarter 
(i.e., January to March) while the other report indicates deviation 
during only the second calendar quarter (i.e., April to June), the 
information reported would be that for the first (i.e., January to 
March) and second (i.e., April to June) calendar quarters the 
conditions for the exemption of emissions were not met, and for the 
third (i.e., July to September) and fourth (i.e., October to December) 
calendar quarters the conditions were met.
    The EPA requires this information for the verification of 
regulatory compliance exemption eligibility. Reported information will 
be used to conduct verification as discussed in section III.A.4. as 
well as any auditing that occurs as discussed in section III.E.1.
    The EPA is aware that these reporting requirements may result in 
cases where a WEC obligated party makes a good-faith representation 
that each CAA section 111(b) and (d) facility at the WEC applicable 
facility is in compliance but later independently discovers an 
instance(s) of noncompliance. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that 
such independent discoveries would be considered to be substantive 
errors within the WEC filing. The EPA is finalizing at 40 CFR 
99.7(e)(1) that a revised WEC filing must be submitted within 30 days 
of the discovery that a previously submitted WEC filing contains a 
substantive error. Provided that timely submittal of a revised filing 
is made, if a revised regulatory compliance exemption filing results in 
the imposition of WEC obligation on a WEC applicable facility that 
previously qualified for exemption, the EPA is finalizing that the WEC 
obligated party would not be subject to any penalties.
    However, later discoveries of deviations or violations by the EPA 
or another regulatory authority, or discoveries as a result of 
investigation by the EPA or another regulatory authority (including 
information requests), are not treated the same way as filing errors. 
Where a WEC obligated party represents that each CAA section 111(b) and 
(d) facility at the WEC applicable facility is in compliance, but the 
EPA or another regulatory authority subsequently discovers the 
existence of noncompliance, or the CAA section 111(b) and (d) facility 
identifies the noncompliance as a result of an EPA investigation 
(including information requests), the WEC obligated party is required 
to submit a revised WEC filing with corrected information, but may be 
subject to enforcement and required to pay any outstanding WEC fees and 
penalties. False statements may be subject to criminal enforcement.
i. Resumption of WEC Under CAA Section 136(f)(6)(B)
    CAA section 136(f)(6)(B) provides that if, at any point after the 
Administrator has made the determinations required by CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii), the conditions for any such determination 
cease to apply, the WEC applicable facility will ``again be subject 
to'' charge. Because the EPA is finalizing that the determinations 
required by CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) will occur on a State-
by-State basis, we are finalizing that all WEC applicable facilities in 
a State would lose access to the exemption if either of the conditions 
in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) ceased to apply for that State. 
For example, if a State plan were challenged in litigation and vacated 
by a court after the initial Administrator determinations for that 
State, a plan would no longer be ``approved and [] in effect'' in that 
State, and the regulatory compliance exemption would no longer be 
available to WEC applicable facilities in that State. Similarly, if 
after the initial equivalency determination methane emissions 
requirements promulgated under CAA section 111(b) or (d) (either the 
NSPS or the State/Federal plans) were modified such that they no longer 
resulted in equivalent or greater aggregate emissions reductions than 
the 2021 NSPS/EG Proposal in a particular State, the exemption would no 
longer be available in that State. For WEC applicable facilities that 
span multiple States or Tribal lands, the exemption would no longer be 
available if either of the conditions required by CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i) and (ii) ceased to apply in any of the States or Tribal 
lands in which a WEC applicable facility has operations. If a WEC 
applicable facility is in an industry segment where facilities may span 
multiple States or Tribal lands and the criteria in either CAA section 
136(f)(6)(A)(i) or (ii) cease to be met in one of those States or 
Tribal lands, but the facility can demonstrate it is not located in the 
State where the conditions cease to exist based upon the reporting 
requirement finalized at 40 CFR 99.7(b)(2)(iv)(A), the exemption 
remains available to the facility.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that any determination that the 
criteria in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) are no longer met after the 
initial determination will be made through a future administrative 
action. Consistent with the statutory text CAA section 136(f)(6)(B), 
the EPA is finalizing that the exemption will not be available for the 
full calendar year in which the required criteria were no longer met. 
The EPA is finalizing, as

[[Page 91141]]

proposed, that if access to the regulatory compliance exemption were 
lost after it was initially made available because one of the two 
required conditions in CAA section 136(f)(6)(A) were no longer met, it 
will become available again following a subsequent determination that 
both conditions are once again achieved. Under such circumstances, the 
exemption will be available again for the reporting year in which the 
conditions are found to be met. The EPA is finalizing, as proposed, 
that if the conditions ceased to apply and were then met again in the 
same reporting year, the exemption will be available for the entire 
reporting year. The EPA has finalized revised language at 40 CFR 
99.40(d) and (e) to clarify the timing of availability of the exemption 
in this circumstance.
3. Plugged Well Exemption Under CAA Section 136(f)(7)
    Congress created an incentive for plugging and permanently shutting 
wells by including an exemption from the WEC in CAA section 136(f)(7): 
``[c]harges shall not be imposed with respect to the emissions rate 
from any well that has been permanently shut-in and plugged in the 
previous year in accordance with all applicable closure requirements, 
as determined by the Administrator.'' Separately, in CAA section 
136(a)(3)(D) and 136(b), Congress provided funding that can assist 
owners and operators who elect to permanently shut-in and plug wells on 
non-Federal land.\66\
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    \66\ On December 15, 2023, the EPA and the DOE announced the 
award of $350 million in formula grant funding to 14 states to help 
measure and reduce methane emissions, supporting industry efforts to 
cut methane emissions from low-producing, marginal conventional 
wells on non-Federal lands and environmental restoration of well 
sites. Press release: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-350-million-14-states-reduce-methane-emissions.
    Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)--Mitigating Emissions from 
Marginal Conventional Wells, Funding Opportunity Number DE-FOA-
003109.
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    In this rulemaking, we are finalizing that this exemption is 
applicable to wells in the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production, offshore petroleum and natural gas production, and 
underground natural gas storage industry segments. We proposed that 
this exemption would apply to the production industry segments only and 
not to wells in the underground storage industry segment. After 
continued assessment of the statutory text and consideration of 
comments received, the EPA is finalizing the inclusion of wells in the 
underground storage industry segment in the plugged well exemption. CAA 
section 136(f)(7) does not restrict eligibility to wells in the 
production industry segments. In fact, the statutory text states that 
the exemption is applicable to the emissions rate ``from any well'' 
that has been plugged. To best align with the statutory text, the EPA 
is finalizing that plugged wells in the underground storage industry 
segment are also eligible for the plugged well exemption. Exempted 
emissions sources for plugged wells in the underground storage segment 
includes equipment leaks attributed to the wellhead. For the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production and the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production sectors, we are expanding the plugged well 
exemption to include other emissions sources reported on the well level 
that were not included in the proposal. To be more consistent with CAA 
section 136(f)(7), the final plugged well exemption includes all 
subpart W emissions sources attributable to an individual well, so the 
exemption better accounts for emissions associated with an individual 
well. As discussed further in section II.D.3.b. of this preamble, for 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production we are expanding the 
exemption to include well testing, associated natural gas venting and 
flaring, and drilling mud degassing. These emissions sources are added 
in addition to the wellhead equipment leaks, liquids unloading, and 
workovers with or without hydraulic fracturing for the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production sector that were included in the 
proposal. For offshore petroleum and natural gas production, drilling 
mud degassing is included in the exemption, in addition to the 
component-level equipment leaks that were proposed.
    We are finalizing as proposed that exempted emissions would be 
those from wells permanently shut-in and plugged in the previous year 
(i.e., if a well is permanently shut-in and plugged in 2026, the 
exempted emissions would be deducted from the reporting year 2026 
emissions totals that are filed under WEC in 2027). Taken all together, 
the changes being finalized in this rulemaking will help improve access 
to the plugged well exemption while also more closely aligning this 
exemption with the 2024 NSPS/EG Final rule.
a. Determining if the Exemption for Permanently Shut-In and Plugged 
Wells Applies to a WEC Applicable Facility
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed two criteria for determining if 
the exemption for permanently shut-in and plugged wells applies to a 
WEC applicable facility.
    Consistent with the other exemptions, the first criterion is that 
the facility must have emissions that exceed the waste emissions 
threshold. CAA section 136(f)(7) notes that ``charges shall not be 
imposed'' on emissions from permanently shut-in and plugged wells. 
Charges would not be imposed on emissions below the threshold and 
therefore an exemption is unnecessary in cases where facility emissions 
are below the threshold. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that 
emissions from facilities that are below the waste emissions threshold 
would not be exempted. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that for 
facilities that exceed the waste emissions threshold, emissions 
eligible for the plugged well exemption could be subtracted up to the 
point where facility emissions equal the waste emissions threshold 
(i.e., the lowest possible WEC applicable emissions for a facility with 
the plugged well exemption would be zero).
    Second, wells must meet the following definition of permanently 
shut-in and plugged in accordance with all applicable closure 
requirements. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that for the purposes 
of this exemption, a permanently shut-in and plugged well is one that 
has been permanently sealed to prevent any potential future leakage of 
oil, gas, or formation water into shallow sources of potable water, 
onto the surface, or into the atmosphere. For the purposes of this 
exemption, the EPA is finalizing as proposed that a well would be 
considered permanently shut-in and plugged, in accordance with all 
applicable closure requirements, if the owner or operator has met all 
applicable Federal, State, and local requirements for closure in the 
jurisdiction where the well is located. Although Federal, State, and 
local requirements for well closure may vary (e.g., only some States 
require post-plugging reports, some States require initial checks by 
State environmental agency at time of plugging), wells are permanently 
shut-in and plugged in a similar manner. For the purposes of this 
exemption, we are finalizing as proposed that the date on which a well 
would be considered permanently shut-in and plugged is the date on 
which a metal plate or cap has been welded or cemented onto the casing 
end.
    In addition to requirements specifying how to plug a well, relevant 
Federal, State, and local requirements often also specify requirements 
such as for notifications, reporting, and site remediation. For 
purposes of 40 CFR part 99, we are finalizing as proposed that the 
applicable closure requirements would include only the requirements

[[Page 91142]]

specific to well plugging. We are finalizing as proposed that 
requirements for notifications, reporting, and site remediation are not 
included as part of the exemption eligibility criteria for following 
``all applicable closure requirements'' in CAA section 136(f)(7) 
because the closure of the well is the key activity impacting methane 
emissions, which is the focus of the WEC, and these other aspects of 
closure, while important, are less relevant to methane emissions 
levels. We also note that had we included these additional requirements 
in our interpretation of ``all applicable closure requirements,'' the 
reporting requirements would increase for permanently shut-in and 
plugged wells and this may lead to recalculations of WEC years after 
the exemption was initially applied.
b. Calculations of Exempted Emissions From Permanently Shut-In and 
Plugged Wells
    Calculations of Exempted Emissions from Permanently Shut-in and 
Plugged Wells at Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production 
Facilities. The EPA is finalizing as proposed that only wellhead 
emissions are eligible for the plugged well exemption with some 
modifications from the proposal regarding what is included as eligible 
emissions for the onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment. In the proposal, the EPA included wellhead equipment leaks, 
liquids unloading, and workovers both with and without hydraulic 
fracturing, in the reporting year in which the well was plugged as 
methane emissions eligible for the exemption in the onshore petroleum 
and natural gas production industry segment. We are expanding the 
plugged well exemption for the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segment to include other emissions sources reported 
on the wellhead level (i.e., well testing, associated natural gas 
venting and flaring, and drilling mud degassing) in addition to the 
emissions sources proposed.
    The EPA received comments supporting expansion of the exemption to 
include emissions from additional sources, such as emissions from non-
wellhead equipment that are co-located on the well pad. The statutory 
text does not describe or reference emissions from other emissions 
sources that may be co-located with a plugged well, and the EPA 
determined that the statutory text is best read to exclude these 
emissions. Moreover, as we noted in the proposal, methane emissions 
from other equipment onsite (e.g., separator, compressor, flare) may 
result from co-mingled natural gas throughput from multiple wells and 
not just the wells that are plugged.
    For the purposes of quantifying the methane emissions from eligible 
emissions sources associated with each permanently shut-in and plugged 
well, we are finalizing as proposed to use the methane emissions and 
throughput data reported to subpart W of part 98. The final amendments 
in the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule impact the data available to best 
estimate the exempted emissions from the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well. Therefore, as described in more detail in this section, 
for applicable emission sources and industry segments, different 
approaches are finalized for certain time periods.
    For reporting year 2024, the current subpart W rule requires that 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production facilities report methane 
emissions from liquids unloading and workovers by sub-basin for each 
WEC applicable facility, as well as methane emissions from well 
testing, associated natural gas venting and flaring, and equipment 
leaks at the facility-level. Drilling mud degassing is not an emission 
source category collected under the current subpart W rule for 
reporting year 2024. Subpart W of part 98 also currently requires 
offshore petroleum and natural gas production facilities and onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production facilities to report facility-
level throughput of gas and oil handled or sent to sale, respectively. 
Revisions included in the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule require onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production facilities to report additional 
elements that facilitate quantification of methane emissions from 
individual shut-in and plugged wells. Specifically, effective January 
1, 2025, and applicable beginning with reporting for 2024, the 2024 
Subpart W Final Rule requires onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production facilities to report well-level throughput volumes for gas 
and oil sent to sale from wells that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged. Additionally, beginning in reporting year 2025, the 2024 
Subpart W Final Rule increases the granularity of methane emissions 
reporting for eligible equipment categories, except equipment leaks, to 
the well-level and methane emissions reporting for equipment leaks to 
the well-pad site level. Due to the differences in available reporting 
data for 2024 and future years, the final approach for quantifying 
methane emissions in part 99 for individual wells located at onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production facilities that are permanently 
shut-in and plugged in 2024 is different than the approach for 
quantifying methane emissions from wells located at onshore petroleum 
and natural gas production facilities that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged in 2025 and future years.
    For reporting year 2024, the EPA is finalizing as proposed through 
40 CFR 99.52 that WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum 
and natural gas industry segment would quantify methane emissions from 
permanently shut-in and plugged wells by allocating the subpart W of 
part 98 reported facility-level methane emissions from eligible 
emissions sources using subpart W of part 98 reported production 
volumes of gas and oil sent to sale. We are finalizing as proposed that 
WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
industry segment would sum the total subpart W of part 98 reported 
methane emissions from methane emissions from eligible emissions 
sources, and multiply the sum of the methane emissions by the ratio of 
subpart W of part 98 reported production at the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well to the subpart W of part 98 reported facility-level total 
production.
    For facilities with only gas production with exempt plugged well 
emissions, we are finalizing as proposed that the reported gas produced 
from the plugged wells be divided by the total gas production at the 
facility to develop the ratio. For facilities with only oil production 
with exempt plugged well emissions, we are finalizing as proposed that 
the reported oil produced from the plugged wells be divided by the 
total oil production at the facility to develop the ratio. For 
facilities with both gas and oil production with exempt plugged well 
emissions, we proposed and are finalizing that gas production that is 
reported to subpart W of part 98 by the WEC applicable facility in the 
onshore petroleum and natural gas industry segment would be converted 
to barrels of oil equivalent, such that throughput volumes will be on 
the same basis for facilities that report production of gas and oil. 
The EPA is finalizing as proposed to use a default value of 6,000 scf/
barrel.
    For reporting year 2025 and future years, we are finalizing as 
proposed that WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas industry segment must estimate well-level emissions in 
accordance with part 98 methods for the permanently shut-in and plugged 
well. As described in this section, for 2025 and future years, subpart 
W of part 98 requires reporting of methane emissions from liquids 
unloading, workovers, well testing, associated natural gas venting and

[[Page 91143]]

flaring, and drilling mud degassing to be at the well-level for 
facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas industry segment; 
therefore, we are finalizing as proposed that facilities in the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas industry segment would utilize the methane 
emissions as reported to subpart W part 98 in their part 99 exemption 
calculation for these emissions sources. Also, as described in this 
section, for 2025 and future years, subpart W of part 98 requires 
reporting of methane emissions from wellhead equipment leaks at the 
well-pad site level for facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural 
gas industry segment. In order to obtain a well-level estimate for the 
part 99 exemption calculation, we are finalizing as proposed to require 
facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas industry segment to 
utilize the subpart W of part 98 input data and emission estimation 
methods for wellhead equipment leaks, including the use of direct 
measurement surveys as specified in the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule, to 
calculate the methane emissions at the well level for the permanently 
shut-in and plugged well. For example, if equipment leak methane 
emissions included emissions from a permanently shut-in and plugged 
well or wells were estimated using the leaker emission factor method in 
40 CFR 98.233(q) at the well-pad site, the WEC applicable facility 
would use the count of leakers by component type (e.g., valve, 
connector) recorded for the permanently shut-in and plugged well, the 
time the components were leaking and operational at the well during the 
year, and the appropriate emissions factors from subpart W of part 98 
to estimate the methane emissions from the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well. Similarly, if the equipment leak methane emissions at the 
well-pad site that includes the permanently shut-in and plugged well 
were estimated using the population count method in 40 CFR 98.233(r), 
the WEC applicable facility would use the operating time of the well 
during the year and the appropriate emissions factors from subpart W of 
part 98 to estimate the emissions from the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well.
    Calculations of Exempted Emissions from Permanently Shut-in and 
Plugged Wells at Offshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production 
Facilities. For offshore petroleum and natural gas production 
facilities, the current subpart W of part 98 reporting requirements are 
based on the facility's submission to the Bureau of Ocean Energy 
Management (BOEM), which includes methane emissions for component-level 
equipment leaks and drilling mud degassing. The methane emissions 
required to be reported by offshore facilities are unchanged by the 
2024 Subpart W Final Rule as it pertains to this exemption in that 
these facilities will continue to report the data from their BOEM 
report. Subpart W of part 98 also currently requires offshore petroleum 
and natural gas production facilities to report facility-level 
throughput of gas and oil handled in the reporting year. Final 
revisions included in the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule for offshore 
petroleum and natural gas production facilities add requirements for 
the reporting of well-level throughput volumes for gas and oil sent to 
sale from wells that are permanently shut-in and plugged beginning in 
reporting year 2024. The 2024 Subpart W Final Rule also revised the 
terms in the current reporting elements for facility-level throughputs 
to refer to gas sent to sale, rather than handled, for consistency with 
the CAA language and with the onshore production industry segment. As 
noted in the preamble for the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule, these verbiage 
changes for facility-level throughput are not expected to impact the 
quantity of production volumes reported and were made for consistency 
and clarity. For the purposes of estimating the exempted emissions for 
permanently shut-in and plugged wells at offshore petroleum and natural 
gas production facilities, we are finalizing that facilities allocate 
the component level equipment leaks (i.e., those from valves, 
connectors) at the wellhead, as proposed, and drilling mud degassing by 
the ratio of production from the well that has been permanently shut-in 
and plugged to the total facility-level production. Analogous to the 
approach for onshore petroleum and natural gas production facilities 
for reporting year 2024, in cases where a facility produced both oil 
and gas, we are finalizing as proposed that gas sent to sale be 
converted to barrels of oil equivalent and have provided an option to 
use 6,000 scf/barrel for the conversion.
    Calculations of Exempted Emissions from Permanently Shut-in and 
Plugged Wells at Underground Natural Gas Storage Facilities. For 
underground natural gas storage facilities, the EPA is finalizing that 
equipment leaks at the wellhead level are eligible for the plugged well 
exemption. The exemption only includes wellhead equipment leaks because 
other emissions sources, such as liquids unloading or workovers as seen 
in the exemption for onshore production wells, do not occur at non-
production wells.
    To quantify the methane emissions associated with each permanently 
shut-in and plugged well, we are finalizing the use of methane 
emissions reported to subpart W of part 98. Subpart W of part 98 
requires underground natural gas storage facilities to report methane 
emissions from equipment leaks associated with all wells at the 
facility, but emissions are not attributable to a particular wellhead. 
In order to obtain a well-level estimate of equipment leaks, we are 
finalizing that facilities in the underground natural gas storage 
industry segment must utilize the subpart W of part 98 input data and 
emission estimation methods for wellhead equipment leaks, including the 
use of direct measurement surveys as specified in the 2024 Subpart W 
Final Rule, to calculate the methane emissions at the well level for 
the permanently shut-in and plugged well.
    Calculations of Exempted Emissions for Multiple Permanently Shut-in 
and Plugged Wells. For all reporting years and applicable industry 
segments, if the WEC applicable facility has more than one permanently 
shut-in and plugged well, we are finalizing as proposed that the part 
99 emissions calculations would be performed for each well and summed 
to determine the net annual quantity of methane emissions at the WEC 
applicable facility eligible for the exemption.
c. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for the Exemption for 
Permanently Shut-In and Plugged Wells
    Through the provisions proposed at 40 CFR 99.51, the EPA is 
finalizing as proposed that the WEC obligated party receiving the 
exemption would provide for each well at a WEC applicable facility, the 
well ID number; the date the well was permanently shut-in and plugged; 
the statutory citation for each State, local, and Federal regulation 
stipulating requirements that were applicable to the closure of the 
permanently shut-in and plugged well; the emissions attributable to the 
well, and for each WEC applicable facility, and the total emissions 
attributable to all permanently shut-in and plugged wells at the 
facility. In the final rule, we are adding a reporting requirement of a 
certification by the designated representative for the WEC obligated 
party that all identified wells were closed in accordance with State, 
local, and Federal requirements. We are also finalizing additional 
reporting requirements to provide information related to the emissions 
calculations including an indication of the method

[[Page 91144]]

used to calculate wellhead equipment leaks, inputs to the methods to 
calculate wellhead equipment leaks, and the quantity of methane 
emissions attributable to the well from wellhead equipment leaks. 
Specifically for onshore production and underground storage wells, data 
inputs for wellhead equipment leaks were added to provide sufficient 
data to facilitate verification of the exempted emissions quantity. The 
data associated with underground natural gas storage facilities is 
reported to subpart W at the facility level; therefore, well level data 
will need to be reported to 40 CFR part 99 to ensure verification of 
the emissions can be performed. We are also finalizing additional 
reporting requirements related to associated gas flaring and 
completions and workovers without hydraulic fracturing. These 
requirements consist of reporting the volume of gas sent to a flare 
from the plugged well for which exemption is being sought as well as 
the calculated quantity of methane emissions attributable to the well 
from associated gas flaring and from completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing and with flaring. We are finalizing as proposed 
that the information included in the report would be subject to the 
general recordkeeping requirements for part 99, meaning these records 
must be retained for 5 years following the WEC filing year of the 
exemption such that they can be made available to the EPA for 
inspection and review.
    The EPA requires this information for the verification of exemption 
eligibility and of exempted emission quantity. Reported information 
will be used to conduct verification as discussed in section III.A.4., 
and reported information, records, and other information as applicable 
will be used to conduct any auditing that occurs under section III.E.1.

III. General Requirements of the Final Rule

A. WEC Filing Requirements

1. Required WEC Filers
    The WEC obligated party is required to submit a WEC filing annually 
by August 31 that will include data collected from each WEC applicable 
facility for which it (the WEC obligated party, as defined in 40 CFR 
99.2) is responsible as of December 31 of each reporting year. The WEC 
filing must include payment of any WEC obligation. The WEC filing 
provides the data necessary for the EPA to assess and verify the WEC 
obligation including certain part 98 emissions information and 
information on netting, as applicable, as well as supporting 
documentation for any WEC applicable facility exemptions.
2. Filing Deadlines
    As required under the CAA sections 136(c) and (e), the assessment 
of the first WEC will be based on data collected under subpart W of the 
GHGRP for year 2024, beginning on January 1, 2024. The EPA proposed 
that the WEC filing would be due by March 31 of each year following 
each reporting year, and that any final revisions to the filing would 
be due by November 1 of each year following each reporting year. The 
proposed approach aligned the WEC filing and subpart W reporting 
deadlines. Many commenters were opposed to these proposed deadlines and 
recommended that the WEC filing occur later in the year. After 
consideration of comments received, the EPA is revising the WEC filing 
deadlines from the proposal in this final rule. The EPA is finalizing 
in 40 CFR 99.5 that the first WEC filing, for year 2024 emissions, is 
due September 2, 2025,\67\ and would be required to be submitted 
annually by August 31 thereafter, as applicable. The EPA is finalizing 
a requirement that revisions to the August 31 WEC filing, with the 
exception of resubmissions to provide CAA section 111(b) or (d) 
compliance reports or revisions to previously reported compliance 
reports for the purposes of the regulatory compliance exemption, will 
be allowed through December 15 of the filing year. It is expected that 
with the final WEC filing date of August 31, there will be fewer 
resubmissions of WEC filings due to revised subpart W data compared to 
the proposed WEC filing deadline of March 31. The EPA is finalizing 
later WEC filing deadlines than proposed to simplify WEC 
implementation. The majority of the data used for WEC calculations are 
the facility-level methane emissions and hydrocarbon throughput volumes 
reported under subpart W. This information must be reported by March 31 
of each year for the previous reporting (i.e., calendar) year. After 
submission, these data go through the EPA verification process to 
identify potential errors and engage with facilities to correct them. 
This process generally concludes at the end of July or early August. In 
mid-August of each year, the EPA ``freezes'' the subpart W data set for 
publication in October. Facilities may continue to resubmit subpart W 
data after this point, but it is not included in that year's October 
data release.\68\ As a result of the verification process and a desire 
by companies to ensure any corrected data is included in that year's 
public release of data, most, but not all, potential errors identified 
during the verification process are typically resolved by mid-August. 
Many commenters noted that requiring the WEC filing at the same time as 
subpart W reporting would lead to a cycle of WEC payments and refunds 
as the WEC filing was adjusted based on corrections and resubmissions 
resulting from the subpart W verification process, and that this cycle 
would be burdensome for both the EPA and industry. The EPA agrees and 
is therefore finalizing a WEC filing date of August 31. This date is 
after the majority of the yearly subpart W verification cycle is 
substantially complete and gives facilities sufficient time to make any 
corrections to their March 31 subpart W report and ensure accurate WEC 
calculations.
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    \67\ August 31, 2025, falls on a Sunday, and Labor Day is the 
following day on September 1, 2025. Therefore, pursuant to final 40 
CFR 99.5, the deadline for the initial WEC filing is September 2, 
2025.
    \68\ The EPA publishes GHGRP data every October, covering both 
the most recently completed reporting year as well as changes 
impacting the 5 prior years. Changes made post-August would be 
reflected in the annual publication cycle the following calendar 
year.
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    The EPA is also finalizing a final WEC resubmission date that is 
later in the calendar year than proposed. The final deadline of 
December 15 will provide time for the EPA to verify the initial WEC 
filings and time for WEC obligated parties to respond to any identified 
potential errors and resubmit WEC filings. The later WEC filing 
deadlines will also simplify reporting associated with the regulatory 
compliance exemption when it becomes available. Annual reporting 
deadlines for CAA section 111(b) and (d) facilities may fall at 
different times in the year. Many more WEC applicable facilities will 
know the compliance status of their constituent CAA section 111(b) and 
(d) facilities for the respective reporting year by August 31 compared 
to March 31. The EPA expects only a small number of annual reports for 
CAA section 111(b) and (d) would not be available by December 15. The 
final WEC filing dates will therefore reduce the need for WEC 
resubmissions to account for changes in CAA 111(b) and (d) compliance 
status for the purposes of determining eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption.
3. Submission of the WEC Filing
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that each WEC filing must be 
submitted electronically in accordance with the

[[Page 91145]]

requirements of 40 CFR 99.6 and in a format specified by the 
Administrator.
    As noted previously in this section of the preamble, the EPA is 
finalizing that each WEC obligated party will submit a WEC filing 
annually. The WEC filing content provides the data necessary to 
complete the WEC calculations as described in section II.C. of the 
preamble. The EPA is finalizing WEC filing requirements to cover 
general company information including physical address, email, 
telephone number, list of associated WEC applicable facilities and 
their identifying information (e.g., part 98, subpart W facility ID), 
as well as the net WEC emissions calculated in accordance with 40 CFR 
99.22, the net WEC emissions after transfers resulting from the netting 
procedures pursuant to 40 CFR 99.23, and the WEC obligation as 
calculated pursuant to 40 CFR 99.24. The EPA is also finalizing that 
each WEC obligated party's WEC filing include certain information at 
the WEC applicable facility level. Specifically, the EPA is finalizing 
that for each WEC applicable facility that comprises the WEC obligated 
party, the filing requirements cover facility-level information 
including the facility's ID, the facility's industry segment(s), the 
facility's total subpart W GHG emissions in CO2e, the 
facility's total subpart W methane emissions, and applicable natural 
gas or oil throughput as reported under subpart W, the facility's waste 
emissions threshold calculated in accordance with 40 CFR 99.20, and the 
facility's WEC applicable emissions calculated in accordance with 40 
CFR 99.21.
    The EPA received comments on the proposed reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, including the contents of the WEC filing. 
Commenters recommended that the EPA add elements to the WEC filing 
related to the inputs to the WEC equations. After consideration of 
comments received, the EPA is adding WEC applicable facility filing 
requirements for total facility subpart W CO2e, total 
subpart W methane, and total subpart W natural gas or oil throughput 
for the metric applicable to the facility's industry segment. These 
elements have been added to the final rule at 40 CFR 99.7(b)(2)(viii) 
through (xi). These additional data elements will support data 
verification and improve transparency by providing all of the primary 
WEC calculation data inputs in the WEC filing. The EPA notes that 
including these data elements, which are already reported under subpart 
W, will not increase the burden for industry as they will be 
automatically pulled from a WEC applicable facility's subpart W report 
into the electronic WEC filing system.
    The EPA is also finalizing filing requirements for each WEC 
obligated party related to the three WEC exemptions, which are 
discussed in sections II.D.1. through 3. of this preamble. The EPA is 
finalizing as proposed that the exemptions are only available to WEC 
applicable facilities that exceed the waste emissions threshold. The 
EPA is therefore finalizing as proposed, with one clarifying revision, 
that these filing requirements would only apply to WEC applicable 
facilities that exceed the waste emissions threshold and are otherwise 
eligible for the exemption(s). The EPA is finalizing clarifying 
language at 40 CFR 99.7(b)(2)(iii) through (v) to allow a WEC obligated 
party to elect whether or not to submit a claim for exemption for a WEC 
applicable facility that meets the applicability requirements for each 
exemption. Coordinating revisions are being finalized at 40 CFR 
99.31(a), and 99.42(a), along with a new paragraph 40 CFR 99.51(a). 
Comments received on the proposed filing requirements for each 
exemption are discussed individually for each exemption in sections 
II.D.1. through 3. of this preamble.
    We are finalizing filing requirements related to stationary 
combustion source other large release events at 40 CFR 
99.7(b)(2)(xiii). These reporting requirements are additions to those 
proposed and are necessary to address for purposes of 40 CFR part 99 
the specified double-counting of emissions related to stationary 
combustion source other large release events as discussed in section 
II.C.2. of this preamble. For any combustion-related other large 
release events that were reported pursuant to subpart W, the WEC 
obligated party must report the unique release event identification 
number, and determine and report the quantities of CO2, 
CH4, and CO2e emissions, in metric tons, that 
were reported under 40 CFR 98.236(z) for the duration of the other 
large release event as it was reported under 40 CFR 98.236(y)(4). These 
values represent the double-count of emissions present in the subpart W 
report for the WEC applicable facility. The determination of these 
quantities must be made using the applicable methods in subpart W and 
using measurement data, if available, or a combination of process 
knowledge, engineering estimates, and best available data when 
measurement data are not available.
4. Verification and WEC Filing Revisions
    The foundation of the WEC obligated party's WEC filing will be the 
methane emissions and throughput reported by the WEC obligated party's 
WEC applicable facilities in their subpart W reports. As specified in 
40 CFR 98.3(f) and (h) of this chapter, part 98 currently includes a 
verification process and resubmission process for resolving substantive 
error(s) \69\ in reporting. These errors are either found through self-
discovery by the facility or are found by the EPA during the 
verification process. In part 98, errors must be resolved within 45 
days from discovery or notification of the error by the EPA. The EPA 
may grant a 30-day extension request if the request is timely, such 
that a total of 75 days may be provided for complete issue resolution. 
Additional extensions may be approved by the Administrator in specified 
limited circumstances. Resolution is either made by report revision and 
resubmission or by providing an adequate demonstration that the 
previously submitted report does not contain the identified substantive 
error or that the identified error is not a substantive error. Upon 
satisfying these requirements, the EPA determines that the error is 
resolved. If the requirements in 40 CFR 98.3 of this chapter are not 
satisfied, the EPA considers the part 98 report unverified.
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    \69\ 40 CFR 98.3(h)(3): A substantive error is an error that 
impacts the quantity of GHG emissions reported or otherwise prevents 
the reported data from being validated or verified.
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    Several commenters suggested strong verification protocols for WEC 
so that the charge obligations accurately reflect reported emissions. 
After consideration of comments received, the EPA is making one 
revision to the verification protocols to help ensure the charge 
obligations accurately represent emissions. Specifically, the EPA is 
finalizing that WEC filings will not be verified if they incorporate 
netted negative emissions generated from an unverified subpart W 
report. On all other aspects of the WEC verification protocols, the EPA 
is finalizing as proposed that the verification status of the WEC 
applicable facility with respect to the reporting in subpart W part 98 
would be considered by the EPA when determining the verification status 
of the part 99 filing because the subpart W data would be the 
cornerstone of the WEC. In effect, a WEC filing may not achieve 
verified status until all errors associated with subpart W reports that 
impact the total WEC are corrected. For example, if the subpart W part 
98 report

[[Page 91146]]

of one WEC applicable facility contains errors related to reported 
emissions or throughput that affect the total WEC, the EPA could, by 
extension consider the WEC filing of the WEC obligated party that 
includes that WEC applicable facility to be unverified.
    Separately, there are elements of the part 99 filing that are not 
directly tied to the subpart W report, such as the calculation of the 
WEC including netting and any exemption information. The EPA is 
finalizing as proposed to use a similar verification procedure under 
part 99 to that which exists under part 98. In implementing the 
verification of information submitted under part 99, the EPA will use a 
two-step process. First, the EPA will conduct an initial centralized 
review of the data that would help assure the completeness and accuracy 
of data. Second, the EPA will notify WEC obligated parties of potential 
errors, discrepancies, or make inquiries as needed concerning the WEC 
filing. Specifically, regarding the WEC filing, the EPA anticipates 
that there could be errors or clarifications with respect to the 
supporting documentation and quantification of emissions associated 
with exemptions from the WEC, which may require the EPA to review, 
evaluate, and confirm their validity and accuracy. The part 99 
verification review will identify issues resulting from the calculation 
of WEC based on verified subpart W GHGRP reports and verified WEC 
filings to the extent possible. A thorough discussion of the separate 
process for unverified reports and approach for reassessment of WEC 
obligation due to resubmissions is discussed in section III.B. of this 
preamble.
    The EPA is finalizing provisions that would require a WEC obligated 
party to respond to the EPA within 30 days of either being contacted in 
writing by the EPA notifying them of the presence of a substantive 
error in their WEC filing or by self-discovering that a previously 
submitted WEC filing contains one or more substantive errors (except as 
described later in this section) as opposed to 45 days as proposed. 
Initial submission, resubmission, and correspondence between parties 
will happen through an electronic system similar to the existing e-GGRT 
system used by the GHGRP, which will allow for back and forth between 
operators and the EPA prior to resubmissions. For the purposes of part 
99, the EPA is finalizing as proposed to consider a substantive error 
to be an error that impacts the Administrator's ability to accurately 
calculate the WEC obligated party's obligation, which may include, but 
would not be limited to, the list of WEC applicable facilities 
associated with a WEC obligated party and corresponding data reported 
in each listed WEC applicable facility part 98 report(s), emissions 
associated with exemptions, and supporting information for each 
exemption to demonstrate its validity. The EPA is finalizing that a 
revised WEC filing must correct all substantive errors. If the WEC 
obligated party does not agree with the EPA's finding that the WEC 
filing contains substantive errors, the WEC obligated party must 
provide information demonstrating that the previously submitted report 
does not contain the identified substantive error or that the 
identified error is not a substantive error.
    If a WEC applicable facility revises and resubmits their part 98 
report, which results in impacts on the WEC calculations, the WEC 
obligated party is also required to submit a revised WEC filing. In the 
event that a subpart W report revision results in a change in the 
applicability of part 99 to the facility, the WEC obligated party must 
submit a revised WEC filing adding or removing any facilities, as 
appropriate. With the exception of resubmissions to provide CAA section 
111(b) or (d) compliance reports or revisions to previously reported 
compliance reports for the purposes of the regulatory compliance 
exemption, part 99 resubmissions must be filed by December 15 of the 
year following the reporting year. Resubmissions related to CAA section 
111(b) or (d) compliance reports for the purposes of the regulatory 
compliance exemption must be made as discussed in section II.D.2.h. of 
this preamble. Any part 98 resubmissions after this date that impact 
WEC calculations will not be required to be resubmitted in a revised 
WEC filing; facilities may continue to resubmit data under subpart W, 
as permitted. Under subpart W, facilities may resubmit data for 
historic reporting years via e-GGRT for the most recent five reporting 
years (e.g., facilities may submit updates electronically to 2018-2023 
data during calendar year 2024). Data resubmission for historic 
reporting years in the context of the WEC program is very complicated 
due to the potential changes in facility ownership over time and the 
implications this has on netting of emissions from facilities under 
common ownership or control. For example, a company or a facility owned 
by a company in one year may be owned in whole or in part by one or 
multiple different companies the next year. With such changes occurring 
annually to multiple facilities across multiple owners and operators 
with more than one facility under common ownership or control, there is 
no practical means of incorporating resubmitted data for historic 
reporting years in the WEC program. This could result in a very large 
administrative burden of reviewing recalculations and associated 
invoicing or refunds. The EPA therefore is finalizing a deadline of 
December 15 for each year, after which time no WEC resubmission filings 
initiated by the facility can be resubmitted. For example, 
resubmissions of subpart W data initially reported by March 31, 2025, 
or data from the WEC filing submitted September 2, 2025, that are used 
to assess WEC for the 2024 reporting year, must be submitted by 
December 15, 2025. This approach does not allow resubmissions for 
historic reporting years for WEC filings, even if the corresponding 
subpart W data is resubmitted for historic reporting years for purposes 
of subpart W. Subpart W facilities continue to be subject to part 98 
requirements for resubmitting data for previous reporting years, but 
any data resubmitted under part 98 after December 15 of the calendar 
year following the respective reporting year will not be considered for 
the purposes of WEC under part 99. These approaches for WEC filing 
requirements and data verification are intended to incentivize complete 
and accurate WEC filings under part 99 by August 31 of each year, as 
well as complete and accurate reporting under part 98. The EPA is 
finalizing that it retains the right to re-evaluate WEC obligations in 
WEC filings after December 15 (e.g., as part of the EPA audit of 
facility data, an enforcement investigation, or other relevant 
information). Similarly, the December 15 deadline would not apply to 
adjustments to WEC obligations resulting from the process to resolve 
unverified data, finalized at 40 CFR 99.8, should that resolution occur 
after December 15. Finally, in the event that annual CAA 111(b) or (d) 
compliance reports covering the entire previous WEC filing year are not 
available by December 15 due to the reporting schedule for those CAA 
111(b) or (d) facilities, WEC obligated parties must revise their WEC 
filings after December 15 for the sole purpose of updating eligibility 
status for the regulatory compliance exemption.

B. Remittance and Assessment of WEC

    We are finalizing as proposed that each WEC obligation payment must 
be submitted electronically in accordance with the requirements of 40 
CFR 99.6 and in a format specified by the Administrator as part of the 
submission

[[Page 91147]]

of the WEC filing (i.e., by August 31 each year covering the preceding 
reporting year).
    Several commenters opposed any daily penalty for WEC obligated 
parties who fail to submit their annual filing by the deadline. 
Nevertheless, the EPA disagrees with the commenters since the absence 
of penalties would provide the perverse incentive for facilities to 
delay payment of the WEC. Therefore, the EPA is finalizing as proposed 
financial sanctions under 40 CFR 99.10 of subpart A. For WEC obligated 
parties that fail to submit their annual WEC filing by the deadline 
discussed in section III.A.2. of this preamble, the EPA is finalizing 
as proposed a daily penalty no greater than the rate associated with 42 
U.S.C. 7413(d)(1) specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR 19.4, as amended. We 
are finalizing as proposed that this penalty will be invoiced by the 
EPA after the late filing is made. The EPA Finance Centers will assess 
interest, handling, and penalty charges in 30-day increments on any 
invoiced penalties. We are finalizing as proposed that the assessment 
of this penalty begins on the date that the WEC filing is considered 
past due (i.e., September 1st) \70\ and continue until such time that 
the WEC filing is submitted and certified by the WEC obligated party.
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    \70\ For reporting year 2024, the due date falls on a Sunday, 
August 31, 2025. Monday, September 1, 2025, is a Federal holiday, 
therefore, Tuesday, September 2, 2025, is the filing date after 
which WEC filings are considered past due.
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    Under 31 U.S.C. 3717, there are interest, penalties, and costs that 
may be imposed on outstanding or delinquent debts arising under a claim 
owed by a person to the U.S. Government. Specifically, under 31 U.S.C. 
3717(a)(1), agencies shall charge a minimum annual rate of interest on 
an outstanding debt on a United States Government claim owed by a 
person.\71\ Under the EPA's implementing Policy Number 2540-9-P2, 
accounts are considered delinquent when the EPA does not receive 
payment by the due date specified on a bill or invoice. The EPA is 
finalizing as proposed to cite this Federal claims interest charge 
authority on any invoiced amounts past due. In the proposed rule, we 
included an equation (Equation A-1) detailing how interest would be 
assessed. To be consistent with other EPA regulations where interest is 
assessed, we have decided Equation A-1 is unnecessary and have removed 
it from the final rule.
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    \71\ This rate of interest is known as the Current Value of 
Funds Rate, or CVFR, and is published prior to November 30th of each 
year by Treasury. The CVFR is based on the weekly average of the 
Effective Federal Funds Rate, less 25 basis points, for the 12-month 
period ending September 30th of each year, rounded to the nearest 
whole percent. This rate may be revised on a quarterly basis if the 
annual average, on a moving basis, changes by 2 percentage points or 
more.
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    Under 31 U.S.C. 3717(e)(1), agencies must collect an additional 
penalty charge of not more than six percent per year for failure to pay 
any part of an invoiced debt more than 90 days past due, as well as 
additional charge to cover the cost of processing delinquent claims. 
The EPA will assess interest, handling, and penalty charges in 30-day 
increments for late payments and will assess the six percent penalty 
with the third demand letter, invoice, or notice. The EPA is finalizing 
as proposed to include this additional six percent non-payment penalty 
charge for invoiced WEC debts that are more than 90 days past due.
1. Process for Reassessing WEC for WEC Filings Resubmitted After the 
Initial Waste Emission Charge Has Been Assessed
    As discussed in section III.A.4. of this preamble, WEC obligated 
parties may need to resubmit their WEC filings and WEC applicable 
facilities may need to resubmit their GHGRP reports. These resubmittals 
have the potential to result in recalculation of the WEC obligation for 
the WEC obligated party. As discussed in section III.A.4. of this 
preamble, the EPA is finalizing that data resubmissions (initiated by 
facilities) for the previous reporting year would be required to be 
submitted by December 15 in order to be considered for WEC 
recalculations, with the exception of resubmissions related to CAA 
section 111(b) or (d) compliance reports for the purposes of the 
regulatory compliance exemption. If the recalculated WEC obligation is 
less than the original WEC obligation owed by the WEC obligated party, 
the EPA will authorize a refund to the WEC obligated party equal to the 
difference in WEC obligation. If the recalculated WEC obligation is 
greater than the original WEC obligation owed by the WEC obligated 
party, the WEC obligated party must resubmit their WEC filing and pay 
the additional charge. Finally, as noted above, notwithstanding the 
generally applicable deadline, the EPA is finalizing that it retains 
the right to reevaluate WEC obligations in WEC filings after December 
15 (e.g., as part of the EPA audit of facility data, an enforcement 
investigation, or other relevant information), and authorize refunds if 
and when appropriate.\72\
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    \72\ Note that 31 U.S.C. 1322(b)(2) creates a permanent 
indefinite appropriation for the Treasury to make refunds out of 
miscellaneous receipts for ``collections erroneously deposited that 
are not properly chargeable to another appropriation.'' In the event 
a reassessment is made for any of the reasons outlined above, this 
appropriation would apply.
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2. Process for Assessing WEC for Unverified Part 99 Filings
    As discussed in section III.A.4. of this preamble, the EPA's 
verification review process for WEC will ideally end with the 
resolution of identified potential errors through either correction and 
resubmission of facilities' reports or justification provided through 
correspondence with reporters that no substantive error exists. When 
WEC applicable facilities or WEC obligated parties do not provide 
appropriate information to resolve the errors in their part 99 data 
after 30 days of either being contacted in writing by the EPA notifying 
them of the presence of a substantive error or by self-discovering that 
a WEC filing contains one or more substantive errors, the EPA considers 
their WEC filing to be unverified.
    If a WEC filing is unverified but the EPA is able to correct the 
error(s) based on reported data to part 98 and part 99, we are 
finalizing as proposed that the EPA may recalculate the WEC obligation 
using available information and provide an invoice or refund to the WEC 
obligated party within 60 days of notifying the WEC obligated party 
that its WEC filing is unverified. If the WEC obligated party resubmits 
a WEC filing within that timeframe, the EPA will either accept the 
resubmission, or take the resubmission into account when calculating 
the WEC. The EPA received comments indicating that the proposed rule 
did not include sufficient detail on the standard for requiring a 
third-party audit. The EPA is therefore clarifying that, in cases where 
the EPA is unable to calculate the WEC with available information due 
to unresolved errors in either an included part 98 report(s) or the 
part 99 report, the WEC obligated party may be required to undergo a 
third-party audit. The WEC obligated party must make the information 
detailed in 40 CFR 99.8(c)(1)(v) available to the auditor for review. 
Comments also recommended that the EPA target auditing based on various 
factors that may be indicative of problems with WEC filings. The EPA is 
clarifying that the third-party auditor will primarily focus their 
review on resolving identified errors associated with part 98 and/or 
part 99 data elements required for calculation of the WEC that remain 
unverified, but the review should also include resolution of any 
additional errors identified during the course of their review. As 
defined in

[[Page 91148]]

40 CFR 99.8(c), these data elements may include records of total GHG 
emissions reported, facility methane emissions, facility hydrocarbon 
throughput, applied exemptions, and netting. The WEC obligated party 
will direct the third-party auditor to submit this information to the 
EPA and the WEC obligated party within 90 days of the EPA notifying the 
WEC obligated party that an audit is required. The EPA is adding this 
90-day requirement to ensure timely resolution of unverified WEC data 
and to provide additional clarity to WEC obligated parties. After 
verifying data received by the third-party auditor, the EPA will notify 
the WEC obligated party. The WEC obligated party will have 30 days from 
this date of notification to resubmit their WEC filing, if necessary. 
Third-party audits may be required to be arranged by and conducted at 
the expense of the WEC obligated party.
    The EPA also received comments stating that the proposed rule did 
not include sufficient detail regarding the certification criteria for 
auditors. In response to these comments, the EPA is providing 
additional detail in this final rule on the criteria for auditors. To 
be considered a third-party auditor, the EPA is requiring that the 
auditor have professional work experience in the petroleum engineering 
field or related to oil and gas production, gathering, processing, 
transmission, or storage. Additionally, the auditor must be a qualified 
professional engineer. The third-party auditor must be independent of 
the WEC obligated party (e.g., not operated or employed by the WEC 
obligated party). The requirements for third-party auditors are defined 
at 40 CFR 99.8(c).
    A WEC obligated party is required to pay an invoice received from 
the EPA for any updated WEC obligation or CAA penalty by the specified 
due date, or within 30 days of the date of the invoice or bill if a due 
date is not provided.

C. Authorizing the Designated Representative

    The EPA is finalizing as proposed provisions for each affected WEC 
obligated party to identify a designated representative. Each WEC 
obligated party must have one designated representative who is an 
individual selected by an agreement binding on the WEC obligated party. 
This designated representative acts as a legal representative between 
the WEC obligated party and the Agency. The EPA is finalizing as 
proposed that the designated representative must submit a complete 
certificate of representation at least 60 days prior to the submission 
of the first WEC filing made by the WEC obligated party. Additionally, 
each WEC filing must contain a signed certification by a designated 
representative of the WEC obligated party. On behalf of the owner or 
operator, the designated representative certifies under penalty of law 
that the WEC filing has been prepared in accordance with the 
requirements of 40 CFR part 99 and that the information contained in 
the WEC filing is true and accurate, based on a reasonable inquiry of 
individuals responsible for obtaining the information. The EPA received 
a comment indicating that an employee serving as a designated 
representative could leave their position at a company before the end 
of the 60-day time period. However, the EPA notes that in these 
circumstances, the certificate of representation may be changed as 
subsequently explained in this section.
    The EPA also is finalizing as proposed that the designated 
representative could appoint an alternate to act on their behalf, but 
the designated representative maintains legal responsibility for the 
submission of complete, true, and accurate emissions data and 
supplemental data. A part 99 designated representative or alternate 
designated representative may delegate one or more ``agents.'' The part 
99 agent (e.g., a part 98 subpart W designated representative could be 
delegated as an agent to provide facility-specific information) can 
enter data for a part 99 WEC filing, but an agent is not allowed to 
submit, certify, or sign a WEC filing. Pursuant to 40 CFR 99.4(f), only 
one alternate designated representative, who shall be an individual 
selected by an agreement binding on the owner and operator, and may act 
on behalf of the WEC obligated party designated representative (e.g., 
submit, certify or sign a WEC filing) may be selected; however, either 
the designated representative or the alternate may be changed at any 
time following the requirements in 40 CFR 99.4(g).
    The EPA is finalizing that within 90 days after any change in the 
WEC obligated party, the designated representative or any alternate 
designated representative of the new WEC obligated party must submit a 
certificate of representation that is complete under this section to 
reflect the change. These requirements ensure that the certificate of 
representation is updated to reflect changes to WEC obligated parties, 
and ensure alignment between the WEC obligated party and the 
certificate of representation's listed designated representative. In 
addition, as proposed, the EPA is finalizing the binding nature of the 
certificate of representation. Pursuant to 40 CFR 99.4(k) once a 
complete certificate of representation for a WEC obligated party has 
been received, the Administrator will rely on the certificate of 
representation unless and until a later signed, complete certificate of 
representation for the WEC obligated party is received by the 
Administrator.
    The EPA is finalizing requirements for the contents of the 
certificate of representation at 40 CFR 99.4(i). These elements of the 
certificate of representation include certification statements for the 
designated representative and any alternative designated representative 
as well as information needed to implement the WEC. The final 
certificate of representation contents include elements that were not 
included in the proposed rule. These additional requirements are 
necessary due to changes from the proposal to allow netting at the 
parent company level. Including this information in the certificate of 
representation, and requiring the certificate to be updated annually, 
will allow the EPA to review data related to the relationships between 
WEC applicable facilities, WEC obligated parties, and parent companies 
prior to the WEC filing deadline. This will allow the EPA to engage 
with WEC obligated parties to correct any potential errors or conflicts 
in these data (e.g., netting relationships) prior to the WEC filing 
deadline and therefore ensure efficient implementation of the rule.

D. General Recordkeeping Requirements

    We are finalizing as proposed that WEC applicable facilities and 
WEC obligated parties must retain all required records for at least 5 
years from the date of submission of the WEC report for the reporting 
year in which the record was generated. We are finalizing as proposed 
that the records shall be kept in an electronic or hard-copy format (as 
appropriate) and recorded in a form that is suitable for expeditious 
inspection and auditing. Under the final provisions, upon request by 
the Administrator, the records required under this section must be made 
available to the EPA or a third-party auditor if one is required. We 
are finalizing as proposed that records may be retained off site if the 
records are readily available for expeditious inspection and review. 
For records that are electronically generated or maintained, we are 
finalizing as proposed that the equipment or software necessary to read 
the records shall be made available, or, if requested by the EPA, 
electronic records shall be converted to paper documents. The

[[Page 91149]]

records that must be retained include, records prescribed in each 
applicable subpart of part 99, information required to be retained 
under part 98, including subparts A and W, any other information needed 
to complete the WEC filing, and all information required to be 
submitted as part of the WEC filing, including any supporting 
documentation. The EPA received comment indicating that the five-year 
retention requirement in the proposed rule did not clarify that 
companies who purchase WEC applicable facilities are not responsible 
for filings and errors made by previous owners. The EPA has revised 
from proposal 40 CFR 99.7(d) to more explicitly state that the WEC 
obligated party is the entity to which the recordkeeping requirement 
applies. Similar language was present at proposal given the use of the 
term ``you'' (defined as a WEC obligated party subject to part 99) in 
40 CFR 99.7(d) as proposed. We are finalizing additional clarifying 
language that the general recordkeeping provision at 40 CFR 99.7(d) 
applies to all records prescribed in each subpart of part 99.

E. General Provisions, Including Auditing and Compliance and 
Enforcement

1. Auditing Provisions
    Several commenters stated that small producers who are below the 
WEC reporting threshold and do not pay WEC obligation should be exempt 
from audits and enforcement actions related to the WEC. Since the EPA 
may want to conduct an audit to verify that the facility is accurately 
quantifying emissions and appropriately claiming to be exempt from the 
WEC obligation, we are finalizing as proposed that the EPA, or a party 
acting on behalf of the EPA, may conduct on-site audits of facilities, 
as indicated in 40 CFR 99.7(c), including of those facilities under the 
25,000 mt CO2e threshold. Under the general recordkeeping 
provision at 40 CFR 99.7(d), the records generated under this part must 
be available to the EPA, a party acting on behalf of the EPA, or a 
third-party auditor during an on-site audit and the records must be 
recorded in a form that is suitable for expeditious inspection and 
review upon request. The on-site audits may be conducted by private 
auditors contracted by the EPA or by Federal, State, or local 
personnel, as appropriate. The EPA proposed that audits conducted under 
40 CFR 99.7(c) may be required to be arranged by and conducted at the 
expense of the WEC obligated party. In this final rule, the EPA is 
clarifying that WEC obligated parties would not be responsible for 
arranging and paying for audits conducted under 40 CFR 99.7(c). As 
described in section III.B.2. of this preamble, WEC obligated parties 
may be required to arrange and pay for third-party audits conducted to 
resolve unverified data necessary for calculation of the WEC.
2. Compliance and Enforcement
    The EPA received comments supporting robust enforcement and 
verification protocols for WEC implementation. We are finalizing as 
proposed that any violation of any requirement of this part shall be a 
violation of the Clean Air Act, including section 114 (42 U.S.C. 7414) 
and section 136 (42 U.S.C. 7436). A violation would include but is not 
limited to failure to submit, or resubmit as required, a WEC filing, 
failure to collect data needed to calculate the WEC obligation 
(including any data relevant to determining the applicability of any 
exemptions and how the netting was conducted), failure to select a WEC 
obligated party, failure to retain records needed to verify the amount 
of WEC obligation, providing false or incorrect information in a WEC 
filing, and failure to remit WEC payment. Per 40 CFR 99.4(b), it is a 
violation to fail to authorize a designated representative for a WEC 
obligated party. In the case of a WEC applicable facility with more 
than one owner and/or operator, failure to select a WEC obligated party 
would constitute a violation on the part of each owner and each 
operator, as per 40 CFR 99.4. Each day of a violation constitutes a 
separate violation.

F. Other Final Minor Revisions or Clarifications

    See Table 4 of this preamble for the miscellaneous minor technical 
corrections not previously described in this preamble that we are 
finalizing throughout part 99. These revisions from the proposed rule 
primarily include revisions to better reflect the EPA's intent of the 
proposed rule or editorial changes. Additionally, conforming edits to 
cross-references and paragraph designations in the final rule were made 
reflective of additional paragraphs that were finalized but not 
proposed as well as paragraphs that were proposed but are not being 
finalized, as discussed in detail in sections II and III of this 
preamble.

             Table 4--Final Technical Corrections to Part 99
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Section (40 CFR)                 Description of amendment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Revisions from Proposed Language that are Finalized
------------------------------------------------------------------------
99.7(b)(2)(iii), 99.7(b)(2)(v),          Revised use of the phrase ``as
 99.30(a), 99.50(b).                      defined in 40 CFR 99.50'' to
                                          ``as those industry segment
                                          terms are defined in 40 CFR
                                          98.230 of this chapter'' to
                                          tie industry segments to the
                                          definitions provided in
                                          subpart W and simply language
                                          from proposal.
99.7(d), 99.7(e), 99.8(c)..............  Revised instances of ``EPA'' to
                                          ``the EPA'' for consistency.
99.7(e)(2)(ii), 99.7(f)(2).............  Revised instances of ``report''
                                          to ``filing'' for consistency
                                          in terminology when
                                          referencing required
                                          submittals pursuant to part
                                          99.
99.8(b)................................  Revised instances of ``WEC'' to
                                          ``WEC obligation'' for
                                          consistency in terminology.
99.40(b)(1)............................  Added ``or Tribal lands'' for
                                          accuracy of applicability.
99.40(c)...............................  Added ``the emissions from'' to
                                          clarify the waste emissions
                                          charge is relevant to
                                          emissions.
99.41(a)...............................  Deleted ``or (d)''. This was a
                                          typographical error noted by
                                          commenters.
99.42..................................  Added headings to clarify
                                          contents of each paragraph.
99.42(g)...............................  Revised instances of ``waste
                                          emissions charge'' to ``WEC
                                          obligation'' for consistency.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 91150]]

IV. Final Confidentiality Determinations for Certain Data Reporting 
Elements

A. Overview and Background

    In this action, the EPA is finalizing requirements for WEC 
obligated parties to report the general information described in 
section III.A.3. of this preamble and the information specific to any 
applicable exemptions as described in sections II.D.1. through 3. of 
this preamble. This information is necessary for the EPA to verify the 
contents of the WEC filing, including confirming that all of the 
required WEC applicable facilities were included, each WEC applicable 
facility (or each site for WEC applicable facilities in the onshore 
production and gathering and boosting industry segments) is eligible 
for any exemptions that were applied, and the WEC applicable emissions 
and the amount of the WEC obligation were calculated correctly. As 
explained in the remainder of this section, the EPA is finalizing as 
proposed that for the data elements that are not inputs to emission 
equations, nearly all of the data reported will be either emission data 
or otherwise ineligible for confidential treatment. As a result of 
these determinations, information in these categories is not subject to 
the case-by-case or class determination processes under 40 CFR part 2 
that the EPA typically uses to evaluate whether such information 
qualifies for confidential treatment. Where we codify a determination 
that information is emission data or otherwise not entitled to 
confidential treatment, it will be subject to disclosure to the public 
without further notice. Any determination that applies for submitted 
information continues to apply even if that information is carried into 
other documents that the EPA prepares for internal review or 
publication. The EPA also notes that the Agency is not making 
confidentiality determinations in this rulemaking for information 
included in supporting documentation required for eligible exemptions 
or additional information provided in software comments fields, which 
will remain subject to the case-by-case or class determination process 
under 40 CFR part 2, as established in this rulemaking under 40 CFR 
2.301(j)(4).
    The EPA did not propose that any of the reported information would 
be designated as ``inputs to emission equations.'' However, some of the 
additional reporting requirements being finalized include information 
that the EPA is designating as ``inputs to emission equations'' falling 
within the definition of ``emission data.'' For each element that falls 
in this category, we further designate that the data element will be 
directly reported to the EPA (see section IV.D. of this preamble for a 
discussion of ``inputs to emission equations'').

B. Final Confidentiality Determinations for New Data Elements

    Pursuant to CAA section 114(c), the EPA proposed to make 
categorical emission data and confidentiality determinations for the 
categories of information reported under part 99. The EPA described the 
proposed emission data categories and confidentiality determinations 
for the reported information, as well as the basis for such proposed 
determinations, in this section of the proposed and final preamble. 
This approach is similar to the approach the EPA has taken for the 
GHGRP under 40 CFR part 98 (see 75 FR 39094, July 7, 2010, and 75 FR 
30782, May 26, 2011, for more information).
    The determinations the EPA is finalizing in this rulemaking serve 
as notification of the Agency's decisions concerning: (1) The 
categories of information the Agency will not treat as confidential 
because it is emission data; (2) the information that is not emission 
data but is not entitled to confidential treatment; and (3) the 
information that the submitter may claim as confidential but will 
remain subject to the existing 40 CFR part 2 process. The EPA is not 
making in this final rule a determination in favor of confidential 
treatment for any data elements collected under 40 CFR part 99. 
Instead, in responding to requests for information not determined in 
this final rule to be emission data or otherwise not entitled to 
confidential treatment, the EPA finalized as proposed to apply the 
default case-by-case process found in 40 CFR part 2.
    The emission data and confidentiality determinations finalized in 
this rulemaking are intended to provide consistency in the treatment of 
the information collected by the EPA as part of the WEC filings. The 
EPA anticipates that making these determinations in advance through 
this rulemaking will provide predictability and transparency for both 
the public and submitters. The regulatory provisions regarding 
confidentiality determinations for these products are being codified 
broadly in 40 CFR 99.13. To provide additional clarity on the final 
confidentiality determinations for data elements under this rulemaking, 
individual data elements and their confidentiality determinations are 
provided in the memorandum, Confidentiality Determinations and 
Emissions Data Designations in the Final Waste Emissions Charge Rule, 
available in the docket to this rulemaking.
    The EPA requested comment on the proposed confidentiality 
determinations, including the categories of information considered 
emission data, the placement of specific data elements under different 
categories of emission data, and the treatment of data elements that 
the EPA did not propose to be considered emission data. Several 
commenters disagreed that the name of a part 99 designated 
representative and their contact information should be considered 
emission data and not entitled to confidential treatment and stated 
that this information should not be made publicly available. The EPA is 
finalizing as proposed that this information is emissions data but is 
clarifying that because it includes personal identification 
information, it will not be published by the agency and may be subject 
to personal privacy rules in certain scenarios. This final approach is 
aligned with the treatment of identical data elements under part 98. 
Changes from the proposal are discussed in more detail in this section 
of the preamble.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed that the categories of 
information determined to be emission data, and therefore not eligible 
to be treated as confidential business information and available to be 
disclosed to the public, in this action are codified in 40 CFR 99.13(a) 
and include:
    (1) Methane emissions;
    (2) Calculation methodology; and
    (3) Facility and unit identifier information.
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed to group types of information 
(data elements) that WEC obligated parties must submit under part 99 
that are considered emission data into these three categories based on 
their shared characteristics. For the sake of organization, for any 
information that logically could be grouped into more than one 
category, the EPA has chosen to label information as being in just one 
category where the Agency thinks it fits best. This approach will 
reduce redundancy within the categories that could otherwise lead to 
confusion and will ensure consistency in the treatment of similar 
information in the future.
    For reporting elements that the EPA does not designate as 
``emission data'' (including ``inputs to emission equations''), the EPA 
proposed to assess each individual reporting element according to the 
Argus Leader criteria (i.e., whether the information is customarily and 
actually treated as private by the submitter) and 40 CFR 2.208(a) 
through (d). Therefore, the EPA

[[Page 91151]]

did not propose and is not finalizing categories and categorical 
confidentiality determinations for information that is not ``emission 
data.'' However, the EPA is finalizing as proposed descriptions of the 
type of information that is not eligible for confidential treatment in 
40 CFR 99.13(b), including certain information demonstrating compliance 
with standards and information that is publicly available. The EPA also 
finalized as proposed in 40 CFR 99.13(c) and (d) to specify certain 
data elements and types of information that will remain subject to the 
Agency's general process for conducting confidentiality determinations 
on a case-by-case basis in 40 CFR part 2. The final provisions in 40 
CFR 99.13(b) establish the proposed confidentiality determinations of 
the final data elements in part 99 and also provide clarity and ensure 
consistent treatment of new or substantively revised data elements if 
the content of the WEC filing is amended in a future rulemaking. 
Sections IV.B.2. and 3. of this preamble describe these final 
provisions, and our assessment of each individual reporting element 
that is not ``emission data.''
1. Emission Data
    The EPA is finalizing as proposed to establish in 40 CFR 99.13(a) 
that certain categories of information the EPA will collect in the WEC 
filings are information that meets the regulatory definition of 
emission data under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i). The following sections 
describe the categories of information we are determining to be 
emission data, based on application of the definition at 40 CFR 
2.301(a)(2)(i) to the shared characteristics of the information in each 
category, and our rationale for each determination. Final 
determinations for the individual data elements included in each 
category of emission data can be found in a memorandum, Confidentiality 
Determinations and Emissions Data Designations in the Final Waste 
Emissions Charge Rule, available in the docket for this rulemaking. The 
EPA is providing this memorandum to provide clarity on the final data 
elements that fall into each category, including some data elements 
that were not directly included in the proposal that meet the 
definition emission data. These additional data elements were necessary 
to add in the final version of the rule as a result of revisions made 
from the proposal in response to comments. For example, revisions made 
from the proposal to allow netting at the parent company level requires 
additional reporting associated with the transfer of net WEC emissions 
between WEC obligated parties. The EPA notes that these added data 
elements in the final rule are derived from or outgrowths of data 
elements that were proposed with confidentiality determinations finding 
that they were emission data. While these data elements were revised in 
the final version of the rule in what would be specifically reported to 
the Agency, the revisions did not change the Agency's rationale for the 
proposed emission data determinations and are being finalized under the 
same rationale.
    The EPA also notes that many of the final data elements for which 
confidentiality determinations are being finalized in this rulemaking 
are identical to or derived from data elements reported under part 98 
that have been determined to be emissions data under that subpart.
a. Information Necessary To Determine the Identity, Amount, Frequency, 
Concentration, or Other Characteristics of Emissions Emitted by the 
Source
    Under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i)(A), emission data includes 
``[i]nformation necessary to determine the identity, amount, frequency, 
concentration, or other characteristics (to the extent related to air 
quality) of any emission which has been emitted by the source (or of 
any pollutant resulting from any emission by the source), or any 
combination of the foregoing[.]'' The EPA is finalizing that the 
following categories of information are emission data under 40 CFR 
2.301(a)(2)(i)(A):
    (1) Methane emissions; and
    (2) Calculation methodology.
    Methane emissions. Data elements included in the Methane emissions 
data category are the net WEC emissions, net WEC emissions after 
transfers, facility waste emissions thresholds, industry segment waste 
emissions thresholds for each applicable industry segment within the 
facility (if more than one industry segment applies), and WEC 
applicable emissions, as well as the quantities of methane emissions 
that the WEC obligated party calculates should be exempted due to the 
unreasonable delay, regulatory compliance, and plugged well exemptions. 
The EPA has determined that the emissions at each reporting level 
constitute ``emission data.'' These data elements are information 
regarding the identity, amount, and frequency of any emission emitted 
by the WEC applicable facility, and, therefore, they are ``emission 
data'' and not eligible to be claimed as confidential.
    Calculation methodology. The data element included in this category 
is the method used to determine the quantity of methane emissions that 
the WEC obligated party calculates should be exempt due to the 
unreasonable delay exemption, regulatory compliance exemption, and 
plugged well exemption. Most of the necessary calculations in part 99 
do not include multiple equations or approaches that could be selected 
by a WEC obligated party, and in those cases, the calculation 
methodology used is readily apparent for any WEC obligated party. 
Calculations for the exemptions for unreasonable delay, regulatory 
compliance, and plugged wells do include multiple equations that 
facilities must use under different circumstances.
    The EPA has concluded that the data elements in the calculation 
methodology category are ``emission data'' under 2.301(a)(2) because 
they are ``information necessary to determine . . . the amount'' of 
emissions emitted by the source. The method used to calculate emissions 
is emission data under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2) because it is information 
necessary for the WEC obligated party to calculate the emissions and 
for the EPA and the public to verify that an appropriate method was 
used.
b. Information That is Emission Data Because It Provides a General 
Description of the Location and/or Nature of the Source to the Extent 
Necessary To Identify the Source and To Distinguish It From Other 
Sources
    Under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i)(C), emission data includes ``a 
``[g]eneral description of the location and/or nature of the source to 
the extent necessary to identify the source and to distinguish it from 
other sources (including, to the extent necessary for such purposes, a 
description of the device, installation, or operation constituting the 
source).'' The EPA is finalizing that the data elements in the facility 
and unit identifier information category of information are emission 
data under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i)(C).
    The finalized part 99 regulations require WEC obligated parties to 
report in the WEC filing information needed to identify each facility 
as well as specific emission units (affected facilities) and/or well-
pads associated with an exemption. Facility-identifying information 
must be reported for all facilities as specified in 40 CFR part 99, 
subpart A. Affected facility-specific identifying information is 
required for the regulatory compliance exemption. Well-pad-specific 
identifying information is reported if required by an applicable 
exemption for onshore

[[Page 91152]]

petroleum and natural gas production facilities.
    Data elements in this category include the following data elements 
required under 40 CFR part 99, subpart A to be included in each annual 
WEC filing: WEC obligated party company name and address and a signed 
and dated certification statement of the accuracy and completeness of 
the report, which is provided by the designated representative of the 
owner or operator. The EPA proposed that the name and contact 
information for the designated representative of the WEC obligated 
party for each WEC applicable facility would be also included in the 
annual WEC filing. The EPA received comments disagreeing with the 
requirement to include the name and contact information for the 
designated representative of the WEC obligated party. After 
consideration of comments, the EPA is not finalizing that these data 
elements be included in the WEC filing, and therefore they will not be 
regularly published by the EPA. Because this information is not 
reported, it is not relevant to the confidentiality determinations 
discussed in this section of the preamble. The final part 99 
regulations also require that the filing include specific information 
about each facility covered by the annual WEC filing, including the 
industry segment and facility ID. For each exemption, the facility and 
unit identifier information category include (as applicable) the 
facility identifier, the well-pad and/or well identifier reported under 
subpart W (if applicable), other facility or affected facility 
identifiers used to identify the facility/sources in other EPA systems 
(specifically, the ICIS-AIR ID or Facility Registry Service (FRS) ID 
and the EPA Registry ID from the Compliance and Emissions Data 
Reporting Interface (CEDRI)), emission source-specific methane 
mitigation activities impacted by an unreasonable permitting delay, and 
exemption-specific certification statements.
    As discussed in section IV.A. of this preamble, emission data must 
be available to the public and is not entitled to confidential 
treatment under CAA section 114(c). ``Emission data'' is defined in 40 
CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i)(C) to include ``[a] general description of the 
location and/or nature of the source to the extent necessary to 
identify the source and to distinguish it from other sources. . . .'' 
Consistent with this definition of emission data, the EPA considers 
facility and emission unit identifiers to be source information or 
``information necessary to determine the identity . . . of any emission 
which has been emitted by the source,'' and therefore emission data 
under 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i). Further, 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i)(A) 
specifies that emission data includes, among other things, 
``information necessary to determine the identity, amount, frequency, 
concentration, or other characteristics (to the extent related to air 
quality) of any emission which has been emitted by the source. . . .'' 
The EPA considers the term ``identity . . . of any emission'' as not 
simply referring only to the names of the pollutants being emitted, but 
to also include other identifying information, such as from what and 
where (e.g., the identity of the emission unit) the pollutants are 
being emitted.
2. Reported Information That Cannot Be Claimed as Confidential
    The EPA will assess the confidentiality of each individual part 99 
reporting element that is not otherwise designated as emission data in 
this rulemaking according to the Argus Leader criteria (i.e., whether 
the information is customarily and actually treated as private by the 
submitter) and 40 CFR 2.208(a) through (d). However, in this action, 
the EPA finalized as proposed descriptions of the type of information 
that would not be eligible for confidential treatment in 40 CFR 
99.13(b), in part to establish the confidentiality determinations of 
the data elements in part 99 but also to provide clarity and 
consistency in the event that the content of the WEC filings are 
amended in a future rulemaking. The WEC obligation is calculated by 
multiplying the net WEC emissions by a set dollar amount, depending on 
the reporting year. As explained in section IV.B.1.a. of this preamble, 
the EPA determined that the net WEC emissions are emission data. 
Therefore, the EPA is finalizing that the WEC obligation, which is 
calculated as the net WEC emissions multiplied by a dollar per ton rate 
that is prescribed in CAA section 136, is not eligible for confidential 
treatment.
    The EPA is also finalizing as proposed that certain information 
considered to be compliance information in part 99, regardless of 
whether it is or is not designated as emission data, is still not 
otherwise eligible for confidential treatment. Compliance information 
collected under part 99 includes information necessary to demonstrate 
compliance with the eligibility requirements for the exemptions for 
unreasonable permitting delay, regulatory compliance, and wells that 
have been permanently shut-in and plugged. Examples of the information 
collected include: for the unreasonable delay exemption, the date of 
the permit request, the estimated date to commence operation if the 
application had been approved within a set period of months, the first 
date that offtake to the gathering or transmission infrastructure from 
the implementation of methane emissions mitigation occurred once the 
application was approved, the beginning and ending date for which the 
eligible delay limited the offtake of natural gas associated with 
methane emissions mitigation activities, a listing of methane emissions 
mitigation activities that are impacted by the unreasonable permitting 
delay, and the quantity of methane emissions to be exempted due to the 
unreasonable delay for the reporting year. For the regulatory 
compliance exemption, copies of reports and other evidence of 
compliance with NSPS OOOOb or a State, Tribal, or Federal plan under 40 
CFR part 62; and for the plugged well exemption, the date a well was 
permanently shut-in and plugged and the statutory citation for the 
requirements that were followed for that process. Operating and 
construction permits are available to the public through the State 
issuing the permits (as the delegated authority of the EPA), generally 
either through an online information system or website, or upon request 
to the State agency issuing the permits. These permits are expected to 
contain information about the type and size of process equipment 
operated at a facility, control devices or other measures undertaken to 
reduce emissions from each process, and the emission standards to which 
the facility is subject (including Federal standards as well as State 
or local standards). Reports submitted by owners and operators of 
facilities subject to NSPS OOOOb or a State, Tribal, or Federal plan 
under 40 CFR part 62 are available through the EPA's online repository 
``WebFIRE.'' See https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/webfire. Finally, well-specific information, including age, 
production rate, and operating status, is publicly available through 
State oil and gas commissions and/or State databases as well as sources 
such as Enverus. Because this information is already publicly 
available, it will not be eligible for confidential treatment.
    The EPA is also finalizing in 40 CFR 99.13(b)(3) that any other 
information that has been published and made publicly available, 
including the publicly available reports submitted under the GHGRP and 
information on websites, are not eligible for confidential treatment. 
Information that is publicly available does not meet the criteria for 
information entitled to

[[Page 91153]]

confidential treatment specified in 40 CFR 2.208(c). Section IV.B.3. of 
this preamble specifies an additional type of information that is not 
eligible for confidential treatment when evaluating the confidentiality 
of supporting documentation submitted as described in 40 CFR 99.13(c) 
or (d).
3. Information for Which the EPA Is Not Finalizing a Confidentiality 
Determination
    This section describes information for which the EPA is not 
finalizing a confidentiality determination. The EPA will initially 
treat this information as confidential upon receipt, if the submitter 
claimed it as such, until a case-by-case determination may be made by 
the Agency under the 40 CFR part 2 process.
    The EPA does not expect emission data to be submitted in supporting 
documentation, but the Agency is finalizing as proposed that 
information in supporting documentation as described in 40 CFR 99.13(c) 
(i.e., information not listed in 40 CFR 99.13(a) or (b) as not eligible 
for confidential treatment) will be treated as confidential if claimed 
as such until a case-by-case determination is made under the 40 CFR 
part 2 process. The EPA is also finalizing that information provided in 
software comments fields as described in 40 CFR 99.13(d) will not be 
eligible for confidential treatment if it is listed in 40 CFR 99.13(a) 
or (b) as not eligible for confidential treatment. Otherwise, the EPA 
will treat the information as confidential if claimed as such until a 
case-by-case determination is made under the 40 CFR part 2 process, as 
specified in 40 CFR 99.13(c). The EPA recognizes that supporting 
documentation and reporter comments may include information that is 
sensitive or proprietary, such as detailed process designs or site 
plans. Because the exact nature of this documentation cannot be 
predicted with certainty, the EPA will make case-by-case 
confidentiality determinations under CAA section 114(c) for any 
supporting documentation, or comments claimed confidential by 
applicants either upon receipt of such information or upon a request 
for such information after receipt.

C. Final Amendments to 40 CFR Part 2

    Pursuant to CAA section 114(c), the EPA must make available to the 
public data submitted under part 99, except for data (other than 
emission data) that are considered confidential under CAA section 
114(c). Accordingly, the EPA may publicly release part 99 data without 
further notice after submission to the EPA in accordance with the EPA's 
determinations of their confidentiality status in the final rule. 
Specifically, the EPA may publicly release part 99 data that are 
determined in this final rule to be emission data or not otherwise 
entitled to confidential treatment under CAA section 114(c) (i.e., 
``non-CBI''). For data elements that the EPA determined to be entitled 
to confidential treatment under CAA section 114(c), the EPA will 
release or publish such data only if the information can be aggregated 
in a manner that would protect the confidentiality of these data at the 
facility level. Existing regulations in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B set 
forth procedural steps that the EPA must follow before releasing any 
information, either on the Agency's own initiative or in response to 
requests made pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). In 
particular, the EPA is generally required to make case-by-case 
confidentiality determinations and to notify individual reporters 
before disclosing information that businesses have submitted with a 
confidentiality claim. As discussed in section IV.B of this preamble, 
in light of the voluminous data the EPA receives under subpart W of 
part 98 and the multiple procedural steps required under 40 CFR part 2, 
subpart B, the EPA would not be able to make part 99 data (determined 
to be emission data or non-CBI) publicly available in a timely fashion 
if it were required to make separate confidentiality determinations 
based on each submitter's individual claim of confidentiality.
    To facilitate timely release of GHG data collected under part 99 
that are emission data or non-CBI, the EPA is finalizing as proposed an 
amendment to 40 CFR 2.301, Special rules governing certain information 
obtained under the Clean Air Act. Specifically, the EPA is finalizing 
as proposed to revise 40 CFR 2.301(d) to specify that the special rules 
for data submitted under part 98 also apply to part 99. Under the final 
amendment, the EPA may release part 99 data that are determined to be 
emission data or information determined to be not entitled to 
confidential treatment upon finalizing the confidentiality status of 
these data. Consistent with the 40 CFR part 2 procedures, the approach 
finalized in this rulemaking provides the WEC obligated party an 
opportunity to justify and substantiate any confidentiality claim they 
may have for the data they are required to submit (except for emission 
data and other data not entitled to confidential treatment pursuant to 
CAA section 114(c)). In addition, WEC obligated parties have the 
benefit of seeing the EPA's rationales and analyses prior to submitting 
any justification, information that they would not otherwise have under 
the current 40 CFR part 2 procedures.

D. Final Reporting Determinations for Inputs to Emission Equations

    In this section, we discuss data elements that the EPA is assigning 
to the ``Inputs to Emission Equations'' data category. This data 
category includes data elements that are the inputs to the emission 
equations used by WEC obligated parties to calculate their annual GHG 
emissions. See 75 FR 39094, July 7, 2010 for a full description of the 
``Inputs to Emission Equations'' data category. As discussed in section 
VI.B.1. of the 2022 proposed Revisions and Confidentiality 
Determinations for Data Elements Under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting 
Rule (87 FR 36920, June 21, 2022), the EPA determined that the Argus 
Leader standard does not apply to our approach for handling data 
elements assigned to the ``Inputs to Emission Equations'' data 
category.
    The EPA organizes data assigned to the ``Inputs to Emission 
Equations'' data category into two subcategories. The first subcategory 
includes ``inputs to emission equations'' that must be directly 
reported to the EPA. This is done in circumstances where the EPA has 
determined that the data elements do not meet the criteria necessary 
for them to be entered into verification software.\73\ These ``inputs 
to emission equations,'' in the form received by the EPA, are not 
entitled to confidential treatment. The second subcategory includes 
``inputs to emission equations'' that are entered into verification 
software. These ``inputs to emission equations'' are entered into 
verification software to satisfy the EPA's verification requirements. 
These data must be maintained as verification software records by the 
submitter, but the data are not included in the annual report that is 
submitted to the EPA. This is done in circumstances where the EPA has 
determined that the data elements meet the criteria necessary for them 
to be entered into the verification software. Refer to the memorandum, 
Reporting Determinations for Data Elements Assigned to the Inputs to 
Emission Equations Data Category in the Final Waste Emissions Charge 
Rule, available in the docket for this rulemaking, for a

[[Page 91154]]

discussion of the criteria established in 2011 for evaluating whether 
data assigned to the ``Inputs to Emission Equations'' data category 
should be entered into the verification software.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \73\ The term ``verification software'' refers to specific 
software and tools. For example, under part 98, the EPA provides an 
Inputs Verification Tool (IVT) in e-GGRT.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After review of all the final data elements in this rulemaking, the 
EPA has determined that some of the final data elements are assigned to 
the ``Inputs to Emission Equations'' data category. The EPA evaluated 
each of the data elements assigned to the ``Inputs to Emission 
Equations'' data category and determined that none of these data 
elements meet the criteria necessary for them to be entered into 
verification software; therefore, these data elements will be directly 
reported to the EPA. The EPA has determined that some of these ``inputs 
to emission equations'' are identical to or derived from data elements 
reported under part 98 that have been determined to not be eligible for 
confidential treatment. The ``inputs to emission equations'' used to 
determine the quantities of methane emissions that the WEC obligated 
party calculates should be exempted due to the unreasonable delay, 
regulatory compliance, and plugged well exemptions must be directly 
reported to the EPA so that the EPA can fully verify the quantities. As 
``inputs to emission equations'' are emissions data, these data 
elements will not be eligible for confidential treatment once directly 
reported to the EPA, and they may be published once received by the 
EPA. Refer to the memorandum, Reporting Determinations for Data 
Elements Assigned to the Inputs to Emission Equations Data Category in 
the Final Waste Emissions Charge Rule, available in the docket for this 
rulemaking, for a list of the data elements designated as ``inputs to 
emission equations'' that will be directly reported to the EPA and the 
EPA's rationale for the reporting determinations.

E. Changes to Confidentiality Determinations for Data Elements Reported 
Under Subpart W

    The industry segment waste emissions thresholds are calculated 
pursuant to 40 CFR 99.20. Except for facilities in the Offshore 
Petroleum and Natural Gas Production industry segment or the Onshore 
Petroleum and Natural Gas Production industry segment that have no 
natural gas sent to sale, each threshold is calculated by multiplying 
the specified natural gas throughput for that industry segment by two 
constant values, the density of methane and the industry segment-
specific methane intensity threshold (as summarized in Table 2 of this 
preamble). As noted in section IV.B.1.a. of this preamble, the EPA is 
finalizing as proposed that the facility waste emissions thresholds and 
industry segment waste emissions thresholds are emission data and will 
therefore be made publicly available. For two industry segments, 
Onshore Natural Gas Processing and Onshore Natural Gas Transmission 
Compression, throughput quantities similar to those specified in the 
industry segment waste emissions threshold calculations have 
historically not been made publicly available under subpart W. However, 
for WEC applicable facilities, once the industry segment-specific waste 
emissions thresholds are made publicly available, the throughputs can 
be calculated based on available information.
    For the Onshore Natural Gas Processing industry segment, a new data 
element was finalized as part of the 2024 Subpart W Final Rule, the 
quantity of residue gas leaving that has been processed by the facility 
and any gas that passes through the facility to sale without being 
processed by the facility in the calendar year, in thousand standard 
cubic feet, reported under finalized 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(ix). The EPA 
previously made a final determination in 79 FR 70352 (November 25, 
2014) that the quantity of natural gas received at the gas processing 
plant in the calendar year (reported under 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(i)) and 
the quantity of processed (residue) gas leaving the gas processing 
plant (reported under 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(ii)), should be maintained 
as confidential. As explained in 79 FR 70352 (November 25, 2014), the 
reporting of this information to the Energy Information Administration 
is less frequent than required under subpart W, and the EPA had not 
identified any reliable public sources of the quantity of residue gas 
produced. In the June 2023 memorandum Proposed Confidentiality 
Determinations and Emission Data Designations for Data Elements in 
Proposed Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule for Petroleum 
and Natural Gas Systems (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0234-0167), the 
EPA stated that the proposed new data element under 40 CFR 
98.236(aa)(3)(ix) would collect similar information to 40 CFR 
98.236(aa)(3)(ii). As a result, the EPA determined that the information 
collected under 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(3)(ix) would be eligible for 
confidential treatment.
    However, because the EPA is finalizing as proposed the 
determination that the industry segment-specific waste emissions 
thresholds are emission data, then those industry segment-specific 
waste emissions thresholds will be made publicly available as emission 
data. Therefore, the EPA is not finalizing a confidentiality 
determination for this throughput quantity data element (i.e., the 
quantity of residue gas leaving that has been processed by the facility 
and any gas that passes through the facility to sale without being 
processed by the facility in the calendar year) under part 98. The 
confidentiality status of this data element will be evaluated on a 
case- by-case basis, in light of any publicly available information and 
in accordance with the existing regulations in 40 CFR part 2, subpart 
B, upon receipt of a public request for these data elements.
    For Onshore Natural Gas Transmission Compression, the EPA 
previously decided in 2014 not to make a confidentiality determination 
that would apply for all facilities for 40 CFR 98.236(aa)(4)(i), the 
quantity of gas transported through a compressor station. In 79 FR 
70352 (November 25, 2014), the EPA explained that the Agency proposed 
that this data element would not be eligible for confidential treatment 
because natural gas transmission sector is heavily regulated by FERC 
and State commissions, resulting in a lack of competition between 
companies. However, the EPA received comments on this November 2014 
proposal noting that FERC Order 636 had introduced greater competition 
to this sector and that some companies charge customers less than the 
FERC approved rates because of competitive market pressures. The 
commenters indicated that quantity of gas transported through the 
compressor station would provide information on the quantity of gas 
transported by a specific pipeline, which may potentially cause 
competitive harm to some pipeline companies operating in more 
competitive market areas. Since the determination would depend on the 
particular market conditions for each company, the EPA did not make a 
determination for the data element from this industry segment.\74\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ Prior to Argus Leader, the EPA considered whether the 
business had satisfactorily shown that disclosure of the information 
is likely to cause substantial harm to the business's competitive 
position when evaluating claims of confidentiality.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In this rulemaking, the EPA is not finalizing a change to that 
previous decision and is not finalizing a confidentiality determination 
for the quantity of natural gas transported through a compressor 
station. While the Supreme Court's 2019 decision in Argus Leader 
altered the review criteria for confidentiality determinations from the 
Agency's 2014 decision, the basis

[[Page 91155]]

provided by commenters to justify the confidential nature of the 
information is still relevant to a finding that the information is 
eligible for confidential treatment. For information pertaining to the 
quantity of gas transported through a compressor station collected 
under part 99, the EPA will conduct reviews of any claims made under 
the existing regulations in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B, upon receipt of a 
public request for this information. Any such reviews will consider the 
public availability of the same or similar information, including WEC 
filings, as part of the determination process.

V. Impacts of the Final Rule

    In accordance with the requirements of Executive Order 12866, the 
EPA projected the emissions reductions, costs, benefits, and transfer 
payments that may result from this action. These results are presented 
in detail in the Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Waste Emission 
Charge (RIA) accompanying this final rule developed in response to 
Executive Order 12866 and available in the docket to this rulemaking, 
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434. This section provides a summary of 
the RIA. The EPA notes that the EPA's duties and authority for this 
rulemaking are derived under CAA section 136 of the CAA, and its 
decisions in this rulemaking are made within the confines of that 
authority and justified under the EPA's record-based analysis and 
analysis of the statutory language of CAA section 136. The analysis in 
the final RIA prepared under Executive Order 12866 is entirely distinct 
from the statutory determinations, is not used to justify this action, 
and is presented solely for the purposes of complying with E.O. 12866. 
Congress did not authorize the EPA to consider a formal cost-benefits 
analysis in implementing CAA section 136, and the EPA's decisions were 
based on the best reading of the statutory directives that Congress did 
provide. Nevertheless, the EPA believes the results of the analysis in 
the final RIA prepared under Executive Order 12866 of the WEC final 
rule are reasonable.
    The WEC does not directly require emissions reductions from 
applicable facilities or emissions sources. However, by imposing a 
charge on methane emissions that exceed waste emissions thresholds, 
oil, and natural gas facilities subject to the WEC are expected to 
perform methane mitigation actions and make operational changes where 
the costs of those changes are less than the WEC payments that could be 
avoided by reducing methane emissions. In addition, because volatile 
organic compound (VOC) and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions are 
emitted along with methane from oil and natural gas industry 
activities, reductions in methane emissions as a result of the WEC also 
result in co-reductions of VOC and HAP emissions.
    The RIA accompanying this proposal analyzes emissions changes and 
economic impacts of the WEC that arise through two pathways: (1) 
through the application of cost-effective methane mitigation 
technologies, and (2) through changes in oil and natural gas production 
and prices resulting from the WEC and associated mitigation responses. 
The analysis of methane mitigation is based on bottom-up engineering 
cost and mitigation potential information for a range of methane 
mitigation technologies. Application of methane mitigation technologies 
reduce WEC payments for WEC obligated parties by reducing methane 
emissions compared to a baseline without additional methane mitigation 
actions. The analysis assumes that methane mitigation is implemented 
where the engineering control costs are less than the avoided WEC 
payments for a particular mitigation technology.
    Additionally, oil and natural gas firms may change their production 
and operational decisions in response to the WEC. This potential impact 
is modeled using a partial equilibrium model of the crude oil and 
natural gas markets. The total cost of methane mitigation and WEC 
payments is added as an increase to production costs, resulting in 
changes in equilibrium production of oil and natural gas and associated 
emissions. Projected WEC payments are estimated after methane emissions 
reductions from both methane mitigation and economic impacts are 
accounted for.
    The number of facilities that will owe WEC obligations, and the 
amount of those WEC obligations, will ultimately depend on decisions 
that are within the control of owners and operators, among other 
factors. However, the EPA estimates that only a relatively small 
proportion of owner-operators of oil and gas facilities will owe WEC 
obligations. Using emissions reported to subpart W for RY2022 as an 
illustrative example, approximately 250 companies would owe WEC 
obligations related to less than 400 facilities, less than one-fifth of 
facilities that report to subpart W. Based on RY2022, Table 1-1 of the 
RIA shows that the WEC would be imposed on less than 15 percent of 
national methane emissions from petroleum and natural gas systems. 
Total methane emissions reported to subpart W are significantly less 
than national methane emissions from the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory 
for petroleum and natural gas systems. WEC-applicable facilities are 
the subset of GHGRP facilities that report at least 25,000 mt 
CO2e to subpart W industry segments subject to the WEC.
    It is also important to note that the WEC would only apply to 
methane emissions that are above the emissions threshold, not for all 
emissions from WEC-applicable facilities. The WEC has exemptions 
related to regulatory compliance, emissions from plugged wells, and 
unreasonable delay in environmental permitting, although these 
provisions do not impact the illustrative results in Table 1-1 of the 
RIA. Finally, emissions subject to WEC accounts for netting of 
emissions between facilities and entities under common ownership and 
control. Under the final WEC, facilities with emissions below their 
emissions threshold may reduce emissions subject to the WEC at other 
facilities with emissions above the emissions threshold where those 
facilities are under common ownership or control.
    The benefit-cost analysis contained in the RIA accompanying this 
rulemaking for the WEC considers the potential benefits and costs of 
the WEC arising from cost-effective mitigation actions under the WEC as 
well as the potential transfers from affected operators to the 
government in payments. Costs include engineering costs for methane 
mitigation actions and costs resulting from production changes in oil 
and gas energy markets under this final rule. While the EPA expects a 
range of health and environmental benefits from reductions in methane, 
VOC, and HAP emissions under the WEC, the monetized benefits of the 
final rule are limited to the estimated climate benefits from projected 
methane emissions reductions. These benefits are based on the social 
cost of methane (SC-CH4). A screening-level analysis of 
ozone-related benefits from projected VOC reductions can be found in 
Appendix A of the RIA. However, these estimates are treated as 
illustrative and are not included in the quantified benefit-cost 
comparisons in the RIA.
    The EPA estimates that this action will result in cumulative 
emissions reductions of 1.2 million metric tons of methane over the 
2024 to 2035 period. These reductions represent about 40 percent of 
methane emissions that would be subject to the WEC before accounting 
for the adoption of cost-effective emission reduction technologies. 
Virtually all the reduced emissions result from mitigation activities 
undertaken by industry to reduce WEC payments. Less than one

[[Page 91156]]

percent of reductions are associated with decreased production activity 
in the oil and gas sector resulting from the final rule. In addition to 
methane emissions reductions, the WEC is estimated to result in 
reductions of 170 thousand metric tons of VOC and six thousand metric 
tons of HAP.
    The WEC has important interactions and is designed to work hand-in-
hand with the NSPS and EG for the Oil and Natural Gas Sector by 
accelerating the adoption of cost-effective methane mitigation 
technologies, including those that would eventually be required under 
the 2024 Final NSPS/EG. The annual projected emissions reductions, 
costs, and WEC obligations are significantly affected by these 
interactions.
    The EPA finalized updates to the Oil and Gas NSPS/EG in March 2024. 
In addition to requirements already in place, these Oil and Gas NSPS/EG 
rules include standards for many of the major sources of methane 
emissions in the oil and natural gas industry. To avoid double counting 
of benefits and costs, the baseline for this analysis includes 
reductions resulting from the 2024 Final NSPS/EG based on information 
from the Final RIA for that rule (available in Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2021-0317). Specifically, that analysis showed gradually increasing 
reductions in methane emissions resulting from the NSPS and deep 
reductions in methane emissions beginning to take effect in 2028 as a 
result of the EG. As facilities implement emission controls required by 
the 2024 Final NSPS/EG, emissions subject to the WEC decline.
    The second interaction between the WEC and NSPS/EG is the 
regulatory compliance exemption provision of the WEC. Under this 
provision, when certain conditions are met with respect to the 
implementation of the Oil and Gas NSPS/EG, applicable facilities in 
compliance with their applicable requirements are exempted from the 
WEC. The analysis in the RIA assumes that the regulatory compliance 
exemption takes effect in 2029, such that in 2029 and later, facilities 
in the industry segments subject to requirements under the NSPS/EG do 
not owe WEC payments. This assumption is based on an assumed timeline 
under which the conditions of the regulatory compliance exemption could 
be met. The timing of the regulatory compliance exemption availability 
will vary by State. As timing for any individual State is unknown, this 
RIA analysis assumes that the regulatory compliance exemption becomes 
available for all relevant facilities in 2029.
    Climate benefits associated with this final rule are the monetized 
value of methane reductions using the SC-CH4, which 
calculates the avoided climate related damages from reducing methane 
emissions. Methane is the principal component of natural gas. As 
discussed in section I.C.1. of this preamble, methane is also a potent 
GHG that, once emitted into the atmosphere, absorbs terrestrial 
infrared radiation, which in turn contributes to increased global 
warming and continuing climate change.
    This final rulemaking is projected to reduce VOC emissions, which 
are a precursor to ozone. Ozone is not generally emitted directly into 
the atmosphere but is created when its two primary precursors, VOC and 
oxides of nitrogen (NOX), react in the atmosphere in the 
presence of sunlight. Emissions reductions under the WEC may decrease 
ozone formation, human exposure to ozone, and the incidence of ozone-
related health effects. VOC emissions are also a precursor to fine 
particulate matter (PM2.5), so VOC reductions may also 
decrease human exposure to PM2.5 and the incidence of 
PM2.5-related health effects.
    Available emissions data show that several different HAP are 
emitted from oil and natural gas operations. Emissions of eight HAP 
make up a large percentage of the total HAP emissions by mass from the 
oil and natural gas sector: toluene, hexane, benzene, xylenes (mixed), 
ethylene glycol, methanol, ethyl benzene, and 2,2,4-
trimethylpentane.\75\ Reductions of HAP emissions under the WEC may 
reduce exposure to these and other HAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ U.S. EPA. The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act from 
1990 to 2020. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/fullreport_rev_a.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In section 9.3 of the RIA, the EPA identifies existing potential 
environmental justice issues for the communities in counties that have 
emissions sources that are expected to owe the WEC charge before 
accounting for mitigation actions and thus may be positively affected 
by emissions changes under the final rule. Compared to the national 
average, these communities include a higher percentage of individuals 
who identify as racial and ethnic minorities, have lower average 
incomes, and have slightly elevated health risks associated with 
various air emissions. Reductions in VOC and HAP emissions as a result 
of the WEC are expected to benefit communities in these counties. 
Because the WEC does not directly require emissions reductions, the EPA 
has not projected specific locations where emissions reductions might 
occur. In addition, detailed proximity analysis is infeasible because 
the emissions affected by the WEC occur at hundreds of thousands of 
locations.
    The total cost of the final rule includes the engineering costs for 
methane mitigation actions implemented by the oil and natural gas 
industry in order to avoid or reduce WEC obligations. Costs for methane 
mitigation are calculated on an annualized basis, with total costs 
spread over the expected lifetime. This includes the initial capital 
costs required to implement and install the specific mitigation 
technology. In addition, for mitigation technologies with expected 
lifetimes greater than one-year, annual recurring operations and 
maintenance costs, which include labor, energy and materials, are also 
incorporated. Finally, the total mitigation costs also include the 
avoided cost of natural gas losses.
    The social cost of energy market impacts is the loss in consumer 
and producer surplus value from changes in natural gas market 
production and prices. The economic impacts analysis uses a partial 
equilibrium model and estimates that the impact of the gas market is 
minimal, with the largest impact occurring in the first few years with 
a price increase of less than 0.1 percent and a quantity reduction of 
less than 0.1 percent.
    Table 5 presents results of the benefit-cost analysis for the final 
WEC. It presents the present value (PV) and equivalent annual value 
(EAV), estimated using discount rates of 2, 3, and 7 percent, of the 
changes in quantified benefits, costs, and net benefits relative to the 
baseline.\76\ These values reflect an analytical time horizon of 2024 
to 2035, are discounted to 2023,

[[Page 91157]]

and are presented in 2019 constant dollars. The table includes 
consideration of the non-monetized benefits associated with the 
emissions reductions projected under this proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \76\ Monetized climate effects are presented under a 2 percent 
near-term Ramsey discount rate, consistent with the EPA's updated 
estimates of the SC-GHG. The 2003 version of OMB's Circular A-4 had 
generally recommended 3 percent and 7 percent as default discount 
rates for costs and benefits, though as part of the Interagency 
Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases, OMB had also 
long recognized that climate effects should be discounted only at 
appropriate consumption-based discount rates. OMB finalized an 
update to Circular A-4 in 2023, in which it recommended the general 
application of a 2.0 percent discount rate to costs and benefits 
(subject to regular updates), as well as the consideration of the 
shadow price of capital when costs or benefits are likely to accrue 
to capital. Because the SC-GHG estimates reflect net climate change 
damages in terms of reduced consumption (or monetary consumption 
equivalents), the use of the discount rate estimated using the 
average return on capital (7 percent in OMB Circular A-4 (2003)) to 
discount damages estimated in terms of reduced consumption would 
inappropriately underestimate the impacts of climate change for the 
purposes of estimating the SC-GHG. See section 6.1 of the RIA for 
more discussion.

 Table 5--Projected Emissions Reductions Under the Final Rule, 2024-2035
                                  Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Emissions reductions
                   Pollutant                        (2024-2035 Total)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane (thousand metric tons) \a\.............                    1,200
VOC (thousand metric tons).....................                      170
Hazardous Air Pollutant (thousand short tons)..                        6
Methane (million metric tons CO2e) \b\.........                       34
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ To convert from metric tons to short tons, multiply the short tons
  by 1.102. Alternatively, to convert from short tons to metric tons,
  multiply the short tons by 0.907.
\b\ Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Calculated using a global warming
  potential of 28.


                                     Table 6--Benefits, Costs, and Net Benefits of the Final Rule, 2024 Through 2035
                                                   [Dollar estimates in millions of 2019 dollars] \a\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     2 Percent near-term Ramsey discount rate
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Climate benefits \b\                                      Equivalent                      Equivalent                      Equivalent
                                                           Present value   annual value    Present value   annual value    Present value   annual value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  $2,400            $230          $2,400            $230          $2,400            $230
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              2 Percent discount rate
                                                              3 Percent discount rate
                                                              7 Percent discount rate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Present value      Equivalent   Present value      Equivalent   Present value      Equivalent
                                                                            annual value                    annual value                    annual value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Social Costs......................................            $460             $43            $440             $44            $380             $48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of Methane Mitigation..............................             420              40             400              41             350              44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of Energy Market Impacts...........................              39               4              38               4              33               4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Benefits............................................           1,900             190           2,000             190           2,000             180
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-Monetized Benefits..................................   Climate and ozone health benefits from reducing 1.2 million metric tons of methane from 2024
                                                                                                      to 2035
                                                            PM2.5 and ozone health benefits from reducing 170 thousand metric tons of VOC from 2024 to
                                                                                                     2035 \c\
                                                                    HAP benefits from reducing 6 thousand metric tons of HAP from 2024 to 2035
                                                                                                Visibility benefits
                                                                                            Reduced vegetation effects
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding.
\b\ Climate benefits are based on reductions in methane emissions and are calculated using three different estimates of the social cost of methane (SC-
  CH4) (under 1.5 percent, 2.0 percent, and 2.5 percent near-term Ramsey discount rates). For the presentational purposes of this table, we show the
  climate benefits associated with the SC-CH4 at the 2 percent near-term Ramsey discount rate. Please see Table 6-5 of the RIA for the full range of
  monetized climate benefits estimates.
\c\ A screening-level analysis of ozone benefits from VOC reductions can be found in Appendix A of the RIA.

    WEC payments are transfers and do not affect total net benefits to 
society as a whole because payments by oil and natural gas operators 
are offset by receipts by the government. Therefore, from a net-benefit 
accounting perspective, transfers are considered separately from costs 
and benefits (and are therefore not included in Table 6). As explained 
further in section 2.7 of the RIA, the approach to transfers taken here 
is in line with OMB guidance and the approach taken for RIAs for other 
rules impacting payments to the government, such as the Bureau of Land 
Management (BLM)'s waste prevention rule.
    One of the reasons that transfers are not considered costs is 
because they represent payments to the U.S. Treasury that do not affect 
total resources available to society. Payments to the U.S. Treasury can 
then be used to fund other programs, and the pairing of revenue 
collection (e.g., the WEC payments) with commensurate expenditures 
(e.g., financial assistance programs) by the Federal government can be 
designed to be revenue neutral. The Methane Emission Reduction Program 
created under CAA section 136 includes both collection and expenditure 
components. In addition to establishing the WEC, another key purpose of 
CAA section 136 is to encourage the development of innovative 
technologies in the detection and mitigation of methane emissions. See 
168 Cong. Rec. E869 (August 23, 2022) (statement of Rep. Frank 
Pallone). CAA section 136(a) and (b) provides financial and technical 
assistance to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector. To 
implement this program, the EPA is partnering with the U.S. Department 
of Energy (DOE) to provide up to $1.36 billion in financial and 
technical assistance to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas 
sector. As designed by Congress, these resources and incentives were 
intended to complement the regulatory programs and to help facilitate 
the transition to a more efficient petroleum and natural gas industry. 
These incentives for methane mitigation and monitoring complement the 
WEC.
    The WEC has the effect of better aligning the economic incentives 
of oil and natural gas companies with the

[[Page 91158]]

costs and benefits faced by society from oil and gas activities. In the 
baseline scenario the environmental damages resulting from methane 
emissions from the oil and gas sector are a negative externality spread 
across society as a whole. Under the WEC, this negative externality is 
internalized, oil and gas companies are required to make WEC payments 
in proportion to the climate damages of methane emissions subject to 
the WEC. Alternatively, firms can avoid making WEC payments by 
mitigating their emissions generating climate benefits associated with 
the amount of mitigation.
    Table 7 provides details of the calculation steps used to estimate 
projected WEC obligations and climate damages based on projected 
emissions subject to WEC. In order to compare projected WEC payments to 
climate damages from emissions subject to the WEC, WEC payments are 
converted from nominal dollars to 2019 constant dollars using a chain-
weighted GDP price index from the 2023 Annual Energy Outlook. Projected 
WEC payments after accounting for methane mitigation and energy market 
impacts are estimated to be about $540 million nominal dollars in 2024, 
and then drop significantly as reductions from the EG OOOOc are 
implemented in 2028 and the regulatory compliance exemption takes 
effect in 2029.

                   Table 7--Details of Projected WEC Obligations and Climate Damages From Emissions Subject to WEC, 2024 Through 2035
                                                   [Dollar estimates in millions of 2019 dollars] \a\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Methane emissions                                                            SC-CH4 values at   Climate damages
                                        subject to WEC in   Charge specified   WEC payments in    WEC payments in       2 percent        from emissions
                 Year                    policy scenario      by Congress      policy scenario    policy scenario     discount rate      subject to WEC
                                         (thousand metric    (nominal $ per    (million nominal   (million 2019$)   (2019$ per metric   (million 2019$)
                                              tons)           metric ton)             $)                                   ton)               \a\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2024..................................                600               $900               $540               $450             $1,900             $1,200
2025..................................                460              1,200                560                450              2,000                930
2026..................................                340              1,500                510                400              2,100                700
2027..................................                320              1,500                480                380              2,200                690
2028..................................                 35              1,500                 52                 40              2,200                 77
2029..................................                  3              1,500                  5                  4              2,300                  7
2030..................................                  3              1,500                  4                  3              2,400                  7
2031..................................                  3              1,500                  4                  3              2,500                  7
2032..................................                  2              1,500                  4                  3              2,500                  6
2033..................................                  2              1,500                  3                  3              2,600                  5
2034..................................                  2              1,500                  3                  2              2,700                  5
2035..................................                  1              1,500                  2                  1              2,800                  4
                                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total 2024-2035...................              1,800  .................              2,200              1,700  .................              3,600
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Climate damages are based on remaining methane emissions subject to WEC after accounting for emissions reductions and are calculated using three
  different estimates of the social cost of methane (SC-CH4) (under 1.5 percent, 2.0 percent, and 2.5 percent near-term Ramsey discount rates). For the
  presentational purposes of this table, we show the climate benefits associated with the SC-CH4 at the 2 percent near-term Ramsey discount rate.

    Compared to the analysis presented in the RIA for the January 2024 
WEC proposal, the RIA analysis reflects some updates to methodologies 
used to project impacts reflecting changes in the final regulations 
relative to the proposal and updated available data. The analysis 
incorporates broader allowance for netting among owner-operators that 
share a common parent company, updates to requirements of the 
regulatory compliance exemption, and updated base year data from GHGRP 
for 2022.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 14094: Modernizing Regulatory Review

    This action is a ``significant regulatory action'' as defined under 
section 3(f)(1) of Executive Order 12866, as amended by Executive Order 
14094. Accordingly, the EPA submitted this action to the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) for Executive Order 12866 review. 
Documentation of any changes made in response to the Executive Order 
12866 review is available in the docket for this rulemaking, Docket ID 
No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434. The EPA prepared an analysis of the potential 
impacts associated with this action. This analysis, Regulatory Impact 
Analysis of the Waste Emissions Charge, is also available in the docket 
to this rulemaking and is briefly summarized in section V. of this 
preamble.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    The information collection activities in this rulemaking have been 
submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The Information 
Collection Request (ICR) document that the EPA prepared has been 
assigned EPA ICR number 2787.02 (OMB Control No. 2060-0752). You can 
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rulemaking, Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434, and it is briefly summarized here. The 
information collection requirements are not enforceable until OMB 
approves them. Two comments were received regarding the proposed ICR. 
The commenters stated that actual costs may be higher than estimated by 
the EPA due to unfamiliarity and glitches with new programs, that 
burden would be reduced by offering more incentives, and that the 
proposed ICR was in conflict with the policy standards under the PRA of 
minimizing paperwork burden and the cost to the Federal government. The 
commenters did not identify specific aspects of the proposed ICR that 
were overly burdensome nor did the commenters identify ways to minimize 
burden to the Agency nor to affected WEC respondents. The EPA 
acknowledges the commenters' concerns and consistent with the 
obligation established by CAA section 136 on the EPA to impose and 
collect a charge, subject to statutorily specified exemptions, the EPA 
has taken steps to minimize the added paperwork and recordkeeping 
burden and avoid duplicative reporting, while maintaining effectiveness 
of the final rule through the utilization of existing systems such as 
the electronic

[[Page 91159]]

Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool (e-GGRT) system.
    The EPA estimates that the final rule would result in an increase 
in burden. The burden associated with the final rule is due to 
reporting and recordkeeping requirements in the final rule.
    This information collection under the final rule is necessary for 
the EPA to implement the charge requirements of CAA section 136. The 
filing required by the final rule contains information identifying the 
WEC obligated party, the list of identification numbers assigned by the 
EPA's electronic tool for submission of GHGRP reports for the WEC 
applicable facilities under the WEC obligated party, and for each WEC 
applicable facility, information related to the exemptions provided for 
under CAA section 136(f). Additionally, the filing includes 
calculations of the waste emissions threshold for each WEC applicable 
facility and emissions subject to charge at the level of the WEC 
obligated party (designated as ``net WEC emissions'') and at the 
individual WEC applicable facility level (designated as ``WEC 
applicable emissions''). Each of these final reporting requirements are 
necessary for the EPA to determine the quantity of methane emissions 
subject to charge. To reduce the burden of data reporting under the 
final rule, the EPA plans to utilize the identification numbers 
reported in the final rule to link to data reported under the GHGRP. 
Additionally, the final rule amended 40 CFR part 98, subpart A to 
harmonize reporting obligations under part 98 and part 99.
    The respondent reporting burden for this collection of information 
is estimated to be an annual average of 12,876 hours and $1,756,935 
over the 3 years covered by this information collection, which includes 
an annual average of $1,726,440 in labor costs, $0 in operation and 
maintenance costs, and $30,495 in capital costs. The annual average 
incremental burden to the EPA for this period is anticipated at 31,200 
hours and $5,783,774 ($2024) over the 3 years covered by this 
information collection, which includes an annual average of $2,117,107 
in labor costs and $3,666,667 in non-labor costs.
    Respondents/affected entities: Owners and operators of petroleum 
and natural gas systems that must submit a WEC filing to the EPA to 
comply with 40 CFR part 99.
    Respondent's obligation to respond: The respondent's obligation to 
respond is mandatory under the authority provided in CAA sections 114 
and 136.
    Estimated number of respondents: 3,105.
    Frequency of response: Annually.
    Total estimated burden: 12,876 hours (per year). Burden is defined 
at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
    Total estimated cost: $1.8 million (per year), includes $30,495 
annualized capital or operation and maintenance costs.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the 
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When OMB 
approves this ICR, the Agency will announce that approval in the 
Federal Register and publish a technical amendment to 40 CFR part 9 to 
display the OMB control number for the approved information collection 
activities contained in this final rule.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this final action would not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the 
RFA. The small entities that would be subject to the requirements of 
this action are small businesses in the petroleum and natural gas 
industry. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, 
and small governmental jurisdictions. The EPA has determined that some 
small entities are affected because their processes emit methane that 
must be reported under subpart W and thus may be subject to WEC.
    To evaluate whether this final rule would have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, the EPA 
conducted a small entity analysis that evaluated the costs of the final 
rule on small entities identified in the reporting year (RY) 2022 
subpart W dataset. The EPA used reported facility-to-parent company and 
facility-to-owner or operator data to link facilities to WEC obligated 
parties. The EPA then reviewed the available RY 2022 data for the WEC 
obligated parties of subpart W facilities to determine whether the 
reporters were part of a small entity and whether the annualized costs 
of the proposal would have a significant impact on a substantial number 
of small entities. The number of small entities potentially affected by 
the WEC regulation were estimated based on the information collected 
for 590 owners or operators associated with a facility within one or 
more of the industry segments identified in CAA section 136(d) 
reporting at least 25,000 metric tons CO2e under part 98 
subpart W in RY2022. Of these, 371 were identified as small entities. 
Although the screening analysis suggests that some small entities may 
have cost-to-revenue ratios that exceed 3 percent (approximately 19 
percent), the EPA's evaluation of the impacts to small entities relied 
on several methodologies involving conservative assumptions. For 
example, the identification and classification of subpart W parent 
entities reporting under more than one NAICS code resulted in a 
designation of ``small'' based on whether the business information 
available met the SBA size classification threshold for a single NAICS 
code. In addition to the conservative assumptions, there were further 
mitigating factors not included in the screening analysis that would 
likely significantly reduce compliance costs, and, as a result, cost-
to-revenue-ratios. For example, the compliance cost estimate used only 
the defined WEC cost and did not account for early adoption of 
mitigation measures that could lower an entity's emissions below the 
threshold and therefore result in no WEC. Details of this analysis are 
presented in the Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Waste Emissions 
Charge, available in the docket for this rulemaking. The cumulative 
effect of the mitigating factors and conservative assumptions used in 
the screening analysis indicates that, overall, the final rule would 
not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action contains a Federal mandate that may result in 
expenditures of $183 million in 2023$ ($100 million in 1995$ adjusted 
for inflation using the GDP implicit price deflator) or more as 
described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538 for State, local and Tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any one year. 
Accordingly, the EPA has prepared under section 202 of the UMRA a 
written statement of the benefit-cost analysis, which can be found in 
Section V. of this preamble and in the Regulatory Impact Analysis of 
the Waste Emissions Charge (RIA), available in the docket for this 
rulemaking. The final action in part implements mandate(s) specifically 
and explicitly set forth in CAA section 136.
    The applicability, magnitude of charge, methane emissions subject 
to charge, and exemptions from charge for the WEC program are 
established by CAA section 136(c) through (g). Given that this 
framework is required by statute, it is not possible for the EPA to 
consider regulatory alternatives that are inconsistent with these 
elements. As such, to evaluate the benefits and costs of the final 
rule, in the RIA

[[Page 91160]]

accompanying this rulemaking two scenarios were evaluated: a baseline 
scenario (i.e., not including the effects of the WEC program) and a 
policy scenario inclusive of the costs, benefits, and transfers 
projected under the final rule. This action is not subject to the 
requirements of section 203 of UMRA because it contains no regulatory 
requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments. This final rule does not apply to governmental entities 
unless the government entity owns a facility in the applicable 
petroleum and gas industry segments and reports more 25,000 mt 
CO2e to subpart W of the GHGRP. It would not impose any 
implementation responsibilities on State, local, or Tribal governments 
and it is not expected to increase the cost of existing regulatory 
programs managed by those governments. Thus, the impact on governments 
affected by the final rule is expected to be minimal.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have Federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between 
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government. This final 
rule will not apply to governmental entities unless the government 
entity owns a facility in the applicable petroleum and natural gas 
industry segments that and reports more 25,000 mt CO2e to 
subpart W of the GHGRP. Therefore, the EPA anticipates relatively few 
State or local government facilities will be affected. However, 
consistent with the EPA's policy to promote communications between the 
EPA and State and local governments, the EPA solicited comment on this 
action from State and local officials.
    Specifically, the EPA issued an RFI to seek public input through a 
non-regulatory docket on broad elements of the Methane Emissions 
Reduction Program, including waste emissions charge revisions, in the 
early stages of its design (see Docket ID. No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2022-0875). 
The EPA received five comments from government entities related to 
implementation of the WEC. The EPA also solicited comments on the 
proposal. The EPA received two comments from local government entities 
and thirteen comments from State or Tribal government entities in 
response to the proposed rulemaking. All comments received on the 
proposed rulemaking were considered during the development of the final 
rule.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action has Tribal implications. While this action does not 
preempt Tribal law, it will impose direct compliance costs on one or 
more Federally recognized Tribal governments, and the Federal 
government will not provide the funds necessary to pay those costs; 
however, the final rule and the associated compliance costs are 
required by statute. This final regulation will apply directly to 
petroleum and natural gas facilities that may be owned by Tribal 
governments. However, it will generally only have Tribal implications 
where the Tribal entity owns or operates a facility in an applicable 
industry segment that emits GHGs above threshold levels or potentially 
where privately owned facilities subject to the charge are located in 
Indian country. Based on currently available data, the EPA anticipates 
that only one Tribe will be directly affected. Of the subpart W 
facilities currently reporting to the GHGRP in RY2022, this Tribe is 
the owner or partial owner of three facilities currently reporting to 
part 98. Based on RY2022 data, all three facilities would be WEC 
applicable facilities, and the WEC applicable emissions (without 
consideration of exemptions) for the individual facilities would range 
from less than 0 mt CH4 for one facility, up to about 2,700 
mt CH4 for the largest facility (which corresponds to a WEC 
obligation of around $2.4 million using charge of $900/MT). Note that 
one of the facilities is within the onshore natural gas processing 
sector, and thus, this calculation utilizes proxy data of CBI 
throughput, which may not reflect the actual facility throughput and 
resulting WEC applicable emissions. Each of the three facilities has a 
different owner or operator or combination of owners or operators, so 
the Tribe may not be the WEC obligated party for all three facilities. 
These estimates do not consider any exemptions that might apply for the 
three facilities with emissions greater than the facility waste 
emissions threshold.
    In addition to the Tribe that may be directly impacted by the WEC 
due to owning a facility subject to the charge, the EPA anticipates 
that Tribes could be impacted in cases where privately-owned facilities 
subject to the charge are located in Indian country. For example, the 
EPA reviewed the location of the production wells reported by 
facilities under the Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production 
industry segment and found production wells reported under subpart W on 
lands associated with approximately 20 Tribes. Therefore, although the 
EPA anticipates that at most only one Tribe may be designated as a WEC 
obligated party and has the potential to be subject to the WEC, the EPA 
has sought opportunities to provide information to Tribal governments 
and representatives during rule development. Further, consistent with 
the EPA Policy on Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribes, the 
EPA engaged in consultation with Tribal officials during the 
development of this action and specifically solicited comment on this 
action from Tribal officials.
    Consistent with the EPA Policy on Consultation and Coordination 
with Indian Tribes, the EPA consulted with Tribal officials early in 
the process of developing this regulation to ensure meaningful and 
timely Tribal input into its development. On January 26, 2024, the EPA 
invited all 574 Federally-recognized Tribes to consult on the proposed 
regulation. Separately, consistent with EPA's Guiding Principles for 
Consulting with Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) 
Corporations, EPA invited ANCSA corporations to consult on the proposed 
rulemaking. A copy of this letter is available in the docket to this 
rulemaking (see Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434). Only two Tribes 
requested government-to-government consultation with the EPA. The EPA 
consulted with the Southern Ute Indian Tribe via video conference at 
12:00 p.m. Eastern Time on March 21, 2024. A summary of the 
consultation with the Southern Ute Indian Tribe is provided at Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2023-0434. The Southern Ute Tribe additionally 
submitted written comments to the docket. In response to the Ute Indian 
Tribe's consultation request, the EPA scheduled a video conference with 
the Ute Indian Tribe's Business Committee at 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time on 
April 2, 2024; however, the Business Committee informed the EPA during 
the meeting that the video conference did not meet the Tribe's 
requirements for a consultation and ended the meeting before providing 
any input on the proposed rulemaking to the EPA. The Business Committee 
informed the EPA that the meeting is only considered consultation if 
the meeting is in person and on Tribal land, but it submitted written 
comments to the docket.
    The EPA encouraged Tribal representatives to submit written 
comments through the docket on the proposed rulemaking and has 
responded in detail to Tribal comments

[[Page 91161]]

in the response to comments document on the proposed regulation to 
address Tribal concerns. The EPA has considered the Tribal input from 
the coordination and consultation calls and public comments in the 
development of the final rule.
    As required by section 7(a), the EPA's Tribal Consultation Official 
has certified that the requirements of the executive order have been 
met in a meaningful and timely manner. A copy of the certification is 
included in the docket for this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect 
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in 
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action would not establish 
an environmental standard intended to mitigate health or safety risks 
and does not focus on information-gathering actions concerned with 
children's health. Therefore, this action is not subject to Executive 
Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental health risk or 
safety risk. Since this action does not concern human health, the EPA's 
Policy on Children's Health also does not apply.
    Although this final action does not establish an environmental 
standard applicable to methane emissions or mandate methane emissions 
reductions, it is expected that the WEC implemented under this final 
action would result in elective methane mitigation actions by 
applicable facilities in the oil and gas industry in order to reduce, 
or eliminate, the imposition of charges. As such, the EPA believes that 
the impacts of this final action would result in a reduction in an 
environmental health or safety risk that has a disproportionate effect 
on children. Accordingly, the Agency has elected to evaluate the 
environmental health and welfare effects of climate change on children 
outside of this action. Greenhouse gases, including methane, contribute 
to climate change and are emitted in significant quantities by the oil 
and gas industry. The EPA believes that the implementation of the WEC 
in this action would improve children's health as a result of methane 
mitigation actions and operational changes taken by oil and gas 
applicable facilities to avoid the imposition of WEC. The assessment 
literature cited in the EPA's 2009 Endangerment Findings concluded that 
certain populations and life stages, including children, the elderly, 
and the poor, are most vulnerable to climate-related health effects (74 
FR 66524, December 15, 2009). The assessment literature since 2009 
strengthens these conclusions by providing more detailed findings 
regarding these groups' vulnerabilities and the projected impacts they 
may experience (e.g., the 2016 Climate and Health Assessment).\77\ 
These assessments describe how children's unique physiological and 
developmental factors contribute to making them particularly vulnerable 
to climate change. Impacts to children are expected from heat waves, 
air pollution, and infectious and waterborne illnesses resulting in 
physical and mental health effects from extreme weather events. In 
addition, children are among those especially susceptible to most 
allergic diseases, as well as health effects associated with storms and 
floods. Additional health concerns may arise in low-income households, 
especially those with children, if climate change reduces food 
availability and increases prices, leading to food insecurity within 
households.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \77\ USGCRP, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health 
in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Crimmins, A., J. 
Balbus, J.L. Gamble, C.B. Beard, J.E. Bell, D. Dodgen, R.J. Eisen, 
N. Fann, M.D. Hawkins, S.C. Herring, L. Jantarasami, D.M. Mills, S. 
Saha, M.C. Sarofim, J. Trtanj, and L. Ziska, Eds. U.S. Global Change 
Research Program, Washington, DC, 312 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.7930/J0R49NQX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy 
Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This final action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it 
is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution, or use of energy. To make this determination, we compare 
the projected change in crude oil and natural gas costs and production 
to guidance articulated in a January 13, 2021 OMB memorandum 
``Furthering Compliance with Executive Order 13211, Titled ``Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use.'' \78\ With respect to increases in the cost of 
energy production or distribution, the guidance indicates that a 
regulatory action produces a significant adverse effect if it is 
expected to increase costs in excess of one percent. With respect to 
crude oil production, the guidance indicates that a regulatory action 
produces a significant adverse effect if it is expected to produce 
reductions in crude oil supply, in excess of 20 million barrels per 
year. With respect to natural gas production, the guidance indicates 
that a regulatory action produces a significant adverse effect if it 
reduces natural gas production in excess of 40 million thousand cubic 
feet (mcf) per year.\79\ The economic impacts analysis conducted as 
part of the RIA accompanying this rulemaking estimated a maximum impact 
on the gas market of a 0.044 percent price increase and a 0.026 percent 
decrease in production. The highest impact year is estimated to be in 
2026, with a production decrease of 10.7 million mcf of natural gas. 
The analysis projected a maximum impact on the oil market of a 0.03 
percent price increase and a 0.026 percent decrease in production. The 
highest impact year is estimated to be in 2026. These impacts are 
substantially below the thresholds available in OMB memoranda as 
measures of a significant adverse effect on the energy supply. Further 
discussion of this analysis is available in the Regulatory Impact 
Analysis of the Waste Emissions Charge, available in the docket for 
this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ See https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/M-21-12.pdf.
    \79\ The 2021 E.O. 13211 guidance memo states that the natural 
gas production decrease that indicates the regulatory action is a 
significant energy action is 40 mcf per year. Because this is a 
relatively small amount of natural gas and previous guidance from 
2001 indicated a threshold of 25 million mcf, we assume the 2021 
memo was intended to establish 40 million mcf as the indicator of an 
adverse energy effect. See https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2001-M-01-27-Guidance-for-Implementing-E.O.-13211.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    This rulemaking does not involve technical standards.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations and 
Executive Order 14096: Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to 
Environmental Justice for All

    The EPA concludes that the emissions reductions likely to result 
from this rule will improve health and environmental outcomes for 
communities facing disproportionate and adverse human health effects 
from the pollution subject to the waste emissions charge, including 
communities with environmental justice concerns. The EPA finalizes, 
however, to determine that the Executive Order charge to perform an 
environmental justice analysis does not apply to this rulemaking 
because it is a rulemaking that addresses information collection, 
reporting procedures, and imposition of the waste emissions charge 
directive of CAA section 136. Although the EPA

[[Page 91162]]

anticipates a reduction in methane and associated co-pollutant 
emissions from this action, these reductions are not the result of 
emissions standards or mandated reductions.
    Although this regulation does not require action that will directly 
affect human health or environmental conditions, it is expected that 
the WEC implemented under this final action would result in elective 
methane mitigation actions by applicable facilities in the oil and gas 
industry in order to reduce, or eliminate, the imposition of charges. 
Accordingly, the EPA has identified and addressed environmental justice 
concerns by electing to conduct a qualitative assessment of the 
environmental justice outcomes from the action. The EPA believes the 
human health or environmental conditions that exist prior to this final 
action would result in or have the potential to result in 
disproportionate and adverse human health or environmental effects on 
communities with environmental justice concerns. The EPA identified 
counties where Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production and/or 
Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Gathering and Boosting facilities 
with emissions that may be above the waste emissions threshold and 
therefore subject to the WEC operated in 2022. These are the counties 
where emissions might change due to the WEC. The EPA found that there 
are generally higher percentages of low income and members of minority 
groups in these communities who may experience higher than average 
health risks. The EPA believes that in aggregate the final action will 
result in reduction of methane, hazardous air pollutants, and volatile 
organic compounds, and, generally, this result will improve 
environmental justice outcomes.
    The information supporting this Executive Order review is contained 
in the Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Waste Emissions Charge, 
available in the docket for this rulemaking.
    The EPA has promoted meaningful engagement from communities in 
developing this action. The EPA has provided several opportunities for 
public engagement. The EPA opened the proposed rule for public comment 
from January 26 to March 26, 2024, and hosted a virtual public hearing 
for the proposed revisions on February 12, 2024. The EPA provided three 
informational webinars on the technical aspects of the proposed rule on 
January 25, February 20, and March 5, 2024. The EPA has taken into 
consideration the comments received from representatives and 
stakeholders in the development of this final rule.

K. Congressional Review Act

    This action is subject to the Congressional Review Act, and the EPA 
will submit a report on the final rule to each House of the Congress 
and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action meets 
the criteria set forth by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

L. Judicial Review

    Under CAA section 307(b)(1), any petition for review of this final 
rule must be filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia Circuit by January 17, 2025. This final rule establishes 
requirements applicable to owners and operators of facilities in the 
petroleum and natural gas systems source category located across the 
United States that are subject to 40 CFR part 99 and therefore is 
``nationally applicable'' within the meaning of CAA section 307(b)(1). 
Under CAA section 307(d)(7)(B), only an objection to this final rule 
that was raised with reasonable specificity during the period for 
public comment can be raised during judicial review. CAA section 
307(d)(7)(B) also provides a mechanism for the EPA to convene a 
proceeding for reconsideration, ``[i]f the person raising an objection 
can demonstrate to the EPA that it was impracticable to raise such 
objection within [the period for public comment] or if the grounds for 
such objection arose after the period for public comment (but within 
the time specified for judicial review) and if such objection is of 
central relevance to the outcome of the rule.'' Any person seeking to 
make such a demonstration should submit a Petition for Reconsideration 
to the Office of the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, 
Room 3000, William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. 
NW, Washington, DC 20460, with an electronic copy to the person listed 
in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, and the Associate General Counsel 
for the Air and Radiation Law Office, Office of General Counsel (Mail 
Code 2344A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. 
NW, Washington, DC 20004. Note that under CAA section 307(b)(2), the 
requirements established by this final rule may not be challenged 
separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by the EPA to 
enforce these requirements.

M. Determination Under CAA Section 307(d)

    Pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(1)(V), the Administrator determines 
that this action is subject to the provisions of CAA section 307(d). 
Section 307(d)(1)(V) of the CAA provides that the provisions of CAA 
section 307(d) apply to ``such other actions as the Administrator may 
determine.''

N. Severability

    This final rule is multifaceted and addresses many separate 
elements of the WEC program established by Congress for independent 
reasons, as detailed in each respective portion of this preamble. We 
intend each portion of this final rule to be severable from each other, 
though we took the approach of including all the parts in one 
rulemaking rather than promulgating multiple final rules in order to 
promote coordination of the adoption and implementation of the final 
rule, even though many elements are not interdependent. Should a 
reviewing court vacate certain elements of the final rule and not 
others, the remaining elements can and should function independently.
    For example, the provisions for calculating the charge, which are 
largely dictated by the statute, are severable from the provisions 
concerning netting and exemptions. Notably, the regulatory compliance 
exemption is not available until ``methane emissions standards and 
plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of section 111 have been 
approved and are in effect in all States with respect to the applicable 
facility.'' Because of the time it will take for States to promulgate 
State plans and the EPA to review and approve them or issue a Federal 
plan, the regulatory compliance exemption would not be available for a 
few years after this final rule. Thus, should a court conclude that the 
EPA erred in codifying the regulatory compliance exemption, EPA 
anticipates that it would be able to timely address any identified 
errors.
    Likewise, the calculation methodologies and data input elements for 
the WEC calculations reflect the differences in thresholds established 
by Congress for certain oil and gas operations and the industry 
segment-specific methane intensity thresholds specified in CAA 136(f) 
and listed in Table 2 of this preamble. If a reviewing court were to 
invalidate any of the calculation methodologies for a particular 
segment, the remainder of the calculations for other segments subject 
to the WEC would be independent from and do not rely on the 
calculations that were to be invalidated. Accordingly, each calculation 
methodology and data input element for the WEC calculations is 
severable. This is reflected in the structure of the final rule, which 
describes each of the equations for calculation of the WEC separately.

[[Page 91163]]

Moreover, because the calculations as established in this rulemaking 
are direct translations of the statute into practical terms for ease of 
implementation, the calculations themselves could be done even without 
the specific methodologies finalized in this rulemaking.
    The EPA is also finalizing certain requirements regarding 
implementation of the netting requirement established in CAA section 
136(f)(4). To the extent a reviewing court were to find any legal issue 
with any element of the EPA's netting requirements as finalized, that 
would have no bearing on the implementation of any other elements of 
the netting requirement, or on any other aspect of the final rule, 
including the underlying charge obligation.
    Each of the exemptions identified in this final rule (emissions 
from eligible delays in environmental permitting under CAA section 
136(f)(5); the regulatory compliance exemption under CAA section 
136(f)(6); and the plugged well exemption under CAA section 136(f)(7)) 
are also severable from each other and from the other provisions of the 
final rule. Each exemption was established independently under each 
separate authority under CAA section 136 and each regards a different 
(and unrelated) set of factual circumstances. Each exemption can 
function and be implemented in the absence of each other, and are 
severable. Additionally, certain provisions promulgated within each 
exemption are also severable. For instance, the EPA is finalizing a 
determination that plugged wells in the underground storage industry 
segment are eligible for the plugged well exemption. To the extent that 
a court were to find any legal issue with the eligibility of the 
underground storage industry segment for this exemption, it would have 
no bearing on the eligibility of wells in the production industry 
segments--nor would it have bearing on the application of any other 
exemption. As described in section III. of this preamble, the EPA is 
also finalizing certain general requirements and establishing 
confidentiality determinations for the reporting of certain data 
elements. Each of these requirements continues to be fully 
implementable even in the absence of any one or more of these elements, 
because each element is reported and evaluated independently pursuant 
to requirements finalized in this rulemaking.
    Finally, as described in section II.A. of this preamble, the EPA is 
finalizing revisions to the general provisions (subpart A) of part 98. 
These reporting requirements are independent of the general 
requirements and other reporting requirements under part 99, and 
invalidation of the revisions to subpart A of part 98 would have no 
bearing on the EPA's ability to calculate the WEC. Moreover, the WEC 
rule can continue to function irrespective of the status of the latest 
subpart W revisions, because if any aspect of those revisions were 
invalidated, the previously existing version of the subpart W 
regulation would then apply.
    Thus, the EPA has independently considered and adopted portions of 
the final rule (including but not limited to the definitions to support 
WEC implementation; provisions related to common ownership or control; 
calculation methodologies for each part of the WEC; each of the 
provisions regarding the exemptions to the WEC; the general 
requirements of this final rule, and establishing confidentiality 
determinations for the reporting of certain data elements), and each of 
these components is severable. If a court were to invalidate any one of 
these elements of the final rule, we intend the remainder of this 
action to remain effective. We have designed these different elements 
of the program to function independently; the supporting basis for each 
of these elements of the final rule reflects that they are 
independently justified and appropriate; and our analysis finding each 
separate portion to be appropriate remains valid even in the event that 
one or more other parts of the final rule has been set aside. Moreover, 
this list is not intended to be exhaustive, and should not be viewed as 
an intention by the EPA to consider other parts of the final rule not 
explicitly listed here as not severable from other parts of the final 
rule.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 2

    Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business 
information, Courts, Environmental protection, Freedom of information, 
Government employees.

40 CFR Part 98

    Environmental protection, Greenhouse gases, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 99

    Environmental protection, Greenhouse gases, Natural gas, Petroleum, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Penalties.

Michael S. Regan,
Administrator.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency amends title 40, chapter I, of the Code of Federal 
Regulations as follows:

PART 2--PUBLIC INFORMATION

0
1. The authority citation for part 2 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  5 U.S.C. 552, 552a, 553; 28 U.S.C. 509, 510, 534; 31 
U.S.C. 3717.

Subpart B--Confidentiality of Business Information

0
2. Amend Sec.  2.301 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  2.301  Special rules governing certain information obtained under 
the Clean Air Act.

* * * * *
    (d) Data submitted under parts 98 or 99 of this chapter. (1) 
Sections 2.201 through 2.215 do not apply to data submitted under parts 
98 or 99 of this chapter that EPA has determined, pursuant to sections 
114(c) and 307(d) of the Clean Air Act, to be either of the following:
    (i) Emission data.
    (ii) Data not otherwise entitled to confidential treatment pursuant 
to section 114(c) of the Clean Air Act.
    (2) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (d)(2) and (4) 
of this section, Sec. Sec.  2.201 through 2.215 do not apply to data 
submitted under parts 98 or 99 of this chapter that EPA has determined, 
pursuant to sections 114(c) and 307(d) of the Clean Air Act, to be 
entitled to confidential treatment. EPA shall treat that information as 
confidential in accordance with the provisions of Sec.  2.211, subject 
to paragraph (d)(4) of this section and Sec.  2.209.
    (3) Upon receiving a request under 5 U.S.C. 552 for data submitted 
under parts 98 or 99 of this chapter that EPA has determined, pursuant 
to sections 114(c) and 307(d) of the Clean Air Act, to be entitled to 
confidential treatment, the EPA office shall furnish the requestor a 
notice that the information has been determined to be entitled to 
confidential treatment and that the request is therefore denied. The 
notice shall include or cite to the appropriate EPA determination.
    (4) Modification of prior confidentiality determination. A 
determination made pursuant to sections 114(c) and 307(d) of the Clean 
Air Act that information submitted under parts 98 or 99 of this chapter 
is entitled to confidential treatment shall continue in effect unless, 
subsequent to the confidentiality determination, EPA takes one of the 
following actions:
    (i) EPA determines, pursuant to sections 114(c) and 307(d) of the 
Clean

[[Page 91164]]

Air Act, that the information is emission data or data not otherwise 
entitled to confidential treatment under section 114(c) of the Clean 
Air Act.
    (ii) The Office of General Counsel issues a final determination, 
based on the criteria in Sec.  2.208, stating that the information is 
no longer entitled to confidential treatment because of change in the 
applicable law or newly discovered or changed facts. Prior to making 
such final determination, EPA shall afford the business an opportunity 
to submit comments on pertinent issues in the manner described by 
Sec. Sec.  2.204(e) and 2.205(b). If, after consideration of any timely 
comments submitted by the business, the Office of General Counsel makes 
a revised final determination that the information is not entitled to 
confidential treatment under section 114(c) of the Clean Air Act, EPA 
will notify the business in accordance with the procedures described in 
Sec.  2.205(f)(2).
* * * * *

PART 98--MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING

0
3. The authority citation for part 98 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--General Provision

0
4. Amend Sec.  98.3 by adding paragraph (c)(14) to read as follows:


Sec.  98.3  What are the general monitoring, reporting, recordkeeping 
and verification requirements of this part?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (14) Additional reporting for facilities subject to reporting under 
subpart W of this part. Legal name(s) and physical address(es) of each 
owner and each operator of the facility as of December 31 of the year 
for which data are being reported.
* * * * *

0
5. Amend Sec.  98.4 by revising paragraphs (g), (h), and (n)(2) and 
adding paragraph (o) to read as follows:


Sec.  98.4  Authorization and responsibilities of the designated 
representative.

* * * * *
    (g) Changing a designated representative or alternate designated 
representative. The designated representative or alternate designated 
representative identified in a complete certificate of representation 
under this section for a facility or supplier received by the 
Administrator may be changed at any time upon receipt by the 
Administrator of another later signed, complete certificate of 
representation under this section for the facility or supplier. Except 
as provided in paragraph (o) of this section, notwithstanding any such 
change, all representations, actions, inactions, and submissions by the 
previous designated representative or the previous alternate designated 
representative of the facility or supplier before the time and date 
when the Administrator receives such later signed certificate of 
representation shall be binding on the new designated representative 
and the owners and operators of the facility or supplier.
    (h) Changes in owners and operators. Except as provided in 
paragraphs (n) and (o) of this section, in the event an owner or 
operator of the facility or supplier is not included in the list of 
owners and operators in the certificate of representation under this 
section for the facility or supplier, such owner or operator shall be 
deemed to be subject to and bound by the certificate of representation, 
the representations, actions, inactions, and submissions of the 
designated representative and any alternate designated representative 
of the facility or supplier, as if the owner or operator were included 
in such list. Within 90 days after any change in the owners and 
operators of the facility or supplier (including the addition of a new 
owner or operator), the designated representative or any alternate 
designated representative shall submit a certificate of representation 
that is complete under this section except that such list shall be 
amended to reflect the change. If the designated representative or 
alternate designated representative determines at any time that an 
owner or operator of the facility or supplier is not included in such 
list and such exclusion is not the result of a change in the owners and 
operators, the designated representative or any alternate designated 
representative shall submit, within 90 days of making such 
determination, a certificate of representation that is complete under 
this section except that such list shall be amended to include such 
owner or operator.
* * * * *
    (n) * * *
    (2) If the entire facility is acquired by an owner or operator that 
already has a reporting facility in the same industry segment and basin 
(for onshore petroleum and natural gas production or onshore petroleum 
and natural gas gathering and boosting) or State (for natural gas 
distribution), the new owner or operator shall merge the acquired 
facility into their existing facility for purposes of the annual GHG 
report. The previous owner or operator shall also follow the provisions 
of Sec.  98.2(i)(6) to notify EPA that the sold facility will 
discontinue reporting and shall provide the e-GGRT identification 
number of the merged, or reconstituted, facility. The owner or operator 
of the merged facility shall be responsible for submitting the annual 
report for the merged facility for the entire reporting year beginning 
with the reporting year in which the acquisition occurred. The owner or 
operator of the merged facility shall provide the e-GGRT identification 
number of the acquired facility.
* * * * *
    (o) Alternative provisions for responsibility for submissions and 
revisions to annual GHG reports for reporting years prior to changes in 
owners and operators for facilities that report under subpart W of this 
part. If there is a change to the owner or operator of a facility that 
reports under subpart W of this part on January 17, 2025 or later and 
paragraph (o)(3) of this section does not apply, the entity (or 
entities) that was (were) the owner or operator as of December 31 of 
each reporting year remains responsible for submission and any 
revisions to annual reports for that reporting year and if applicable, 
annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for reporting years as specified 
in paragraph (o)(6) of this section. If paragraph (o)(1) or (o)(2) 
applies, the seller(s) shall select a historic reporting representative 
according to paragraph (o)(1) or (o)(2) of this section, as applicable, 
and according to paragraph (o)(5) of this section who will be 
responsible for submission (if not already submitted before the 
transaction) and revisions to annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) 
for reporting years as specified in paragraph (o)(6) of this section. 
If there is a change to the owner or operator of a facility that 
reports under subpart W of this part that occurs during a transaction 
that results in the selling owner(s) and operator(s) ceasing to exist 
or if there is a change in owner or operator that occurs after December 
31, 2024 and prior to January 17, 2025, the owner(s) and operators(s) 
as of December 31, 2024 and buyer(s) shall select a historic reporting 
representative according to paragraph (o)(3) or (o)(4) of this section, 
as applicable, and paragraph (o)(5) of this section who will be 
responsible for submission (if not already submitted before the 
transaction) and revisions to annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) 
for reporting years as specified in paragraph (o)(6) of this section. 
If an entire facility is merged or acquired by a new owner(s) or 
operator(s), the owner(s) or

[[Page 91165]]

operator(s) prior to the transaction must notify EPA of the date of the 
last transaction that results in a change to the owner or operator of 
the facility and the acquiring owner(s) or operator(s) must provide the 
e-GGRT identification number of the facility acquired in the 
transaction. For facilities that meet the criteria in this paragraph 
(o), the terms Owner and Operator used in this subpart A and subpart W 
of this part refer to the owner(s) and operator(s) responsible for 
submission (if not already submitted before the transaction) and 
revisions to annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for reporting years 
as specified in paragraph (o)(6) of this section.
    (1) If a facility reporting under subpart W had a single owner or 
operator as of December 31 of the year prior to the transaction(s), 
then within 90 days of a transaction(s) that results in a change to the 
owner or operator of the facility from the owner or operator as of 
December 31 of that reporting year, the owner or operator as of 
December 31 of that reporting year shall select a historic reporting 
representative who will be responsible for submission (if not already 
submitted before the transaction(s)) and revisions to annual GHG 
reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for reporting years as specified in 
paragraph (o)(6) of this section. The historic reporting representative 
shall be an individual selected by an agreement binding on the owner or 
operator as of December 31 of that reporting year, following the 
provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) If a facility reporting under subpart W had more than one owner 
or operator as of December 31 of the year prior to the transaction(s), 
then within 90 days of a transaction(s) that results in a change to the 
owners or operators of the facility from the owners and operators of 
that reporting year, the owners and operators, as applicable, as of 
December 31 of that reporting year, shall select a historic reporting 
representative who will be responsible for submission (if not already 
submitted before the transaction(s)) and revisions to annual GHG 
reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for reporting years as specified in 
paragraph (o)(6) of this section. The historic reporting representative 
shall be an individual selected by an agreement binding on each of the 
owners and operators as of December 31 of that reporting year, 
following the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section. If the 
transaction results in a change to the owner(s) or operator(s) for the 
entire facility, the new owner(s) or operator(s) must notify EPA of the 
date(s) of each transaction that results in a change to the owner or 
operator of the facility and must provide the e-GGRT identification 
number of the facility acquired in the transaction.
    (3) If a facility is sold by the owner(s) or operator(s) as of 
December 31 of the year prior to the transaction and the owner(s) or 
operator(s) selling the facility is(are) acquired or all of the 
remaining assets of the owner(s) or operators(s) are acquired such that 
the selling owner(s) or operator(s) cease to exist as a result of a 
transaction that results in a change to the owner(s) or operator(s) of 
a facility, the owners or operators involved in that transaction shall 
select a historic reporting representative who will be responsible for 
submission (if not already submitted before the transaction) and 
revisions to annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for reporting years 
as specified in paragraph (o)(6) of this section. The historic 
reporting representative shall be an individual selected by an 
agreement binding on each of the owners and operators involved in the 
transaction, following the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section. 
If the transaction results in a change to the owner(s) or operator(s) 
for the entire facility, the new owner(s) or operator(s) must notify 
EPA of the date(s) of each transaction that results in a change to the 
owner or operator of the facility and must provide the e-GGRT 
identification number of the facility acquired in the transaction.
    (4) If a facility is sold after December 31, 2024 and prior to 
January 17, 2025, all of the owners or operators involved in that 
transaction(s) must select a historic reporting representative who will 
be responsible for submission (if not already submitted before the 
transaction(s)) and revisions to annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) 
for reporting years as specified in paragraph (o)(6) of this section. 
The historic reporting representative shall be an individual selected 
by an agreement binding on each of the owners and operators involved in 
the transaction(s), following the provisions of paragraph (b) of this 
section. If the transaction results in a change to the owner(s) or 
operator(s) for the entire facility, the new owner(s) or operator(s) 
must notify EPA of the date(s) of each transaction that results in a 
change to the owner or operator of the facility and must provide the e-
GGRT identification number of the facility acquired in the transaction.
    (5) The provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), and (m) 
of this section apply to the historic reporting representative selected 
in paragraphs (o)(1) through (4) of this section by substituting the 
term ``historic reporting representative'' for ``designated 
representative.'' The provisions of paragraph (i) of this section apply 
to the historic reporting representative by adding the term ``historic 
reporting representative and any historic alternate designated 
representative to instances of ``the designated representative and any 
alternate designated representative.''
    (6) Following a transaction as specified in this paragraph (o), the 
owner(s) or operator(s) relevant as specified in this paragraph (o) 
(and their selected historic reporting representative as specified in 
this paragraph (o)) remain responsible for submission (if not already 
submitted before the transaction) and any revisions to annual reports 
for the reporting year prior to the transaction and, if applicable, 
annual GHG reports under Sec.  98.3(h) for additional reporting years 
prior to the transaction as specified in paragraphs (o)(6)(i) and (ii) 
of this section. If the responsible owner(s) or operators(s) are 
acquired such that the owner(s) or operator(s) as of cease to exist as 
a result of a transaction, the acquiring owners would become 
responsible for submission (if not already submitted before the 
transaction) and any revisions to annual reports for the reporting year 
prior to the transaction and, if applicable, annual GHG reports under 
Sec.  98.3(h) for additional reporting years prior to the transaction 
as specified in paragraphs (o)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) For the first transaction that occurs as specified in this 
paragraph (o), all reporting years prior to the reporting year prior to 
the transaction.
    (ii) For each transaction after the first transaction that occurs 
as specified in this paragraph (o), all reporting years prior to the 
reporting year in which the transaction occurred and for which the 
owner(s) or operator(s) was (were) the owner(s) or operator(s) for the 
facility as of December 31st of the reporting year (and for which the 
historic reporting representative represents).

0
6. Add part 99 to read as follows:

PART 99--WASTE EMISSIONS CHARGE

Sec.
Subpart A--General Provisions
99.1 Purpose and scope.
99.2 Definitions.
99.3 Who must file?
99.4 How do I authorize and what are the responsibilities of the 
designated representative?
99.5 When must I file and remit the applicable WEC obligation?
99.6 How do I file?
99.7 What are the general reporting, recordkeeping, and verification 
requirements of this part?

[[Page 91166]]

99.8 What are the general provisions for assessment of the WEC 
obligation?
99.9 How are payments required by this part made?
99.10 What fees apply to delinquent payments?
99.11 What are the compliance and enforcement provisions of this 
part?
99.12 What addresses apply for this part?
99.13 What are the confidentiality determinations and related 
procedures for this part?
Subpart B--Determining Waste Emissions Charge
99.20 How will the waste emissions threshold for each WEC applicable 
facility be determined?
99.21 How will the WEC applicable emissions for a WEC applicable 
facility be determined?
99.22 How will the net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated party be 
determined?
99.23 How will the transfer of negative net WEC emissions for 
facilities under the same parent company be determined?
99.24 How will the WEC Obligation for a WEC obligated party be 
determined?
Subpart C--Unreasonable Delay Exemption
99.30 Who qualifies for the exemption for emissions caused by an 
unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure?
99.31 What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
emissions caused by an unreasonable delay in environmental 
permitting of gathering or transmission infrastructure?
99.32 How are the methane emissions caused by an unreasonable delay 
in environmental permitting of gathering or transmission 
infrastructure quantified?
99.33 What are the recordkeeping requirements for methane emissions 
caused by an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure?
Subpart D--Regulatory Compliance Exemption
99.40 When is the regulatory compliance exemption available, and 
under what conditions does the exemption cease to be available?
99.41 Which facilities qualify for the exemption for regulatory 
compliance?
99.42 What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
regulatory compliance?
99.43 How are the emissions qualifying for regulatory compliance 
exemption in the reporting year quantified?
Subpart E--Exemption for Permanently Shut-in and Plugged Wells
99.50 Who qualifies for the exemption of emissions from permanently 
shut-in and plugged wells?
99.51 What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged?
99.52 How are the net emissions attributable to all wells at a WEC 
applicable facility that were permanently shut-in and plugged in the 
reporting year quantified?

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q; 31 U.S.C. 3717.

Subpart A--General Provisions


Sec.  99.1  Purpose and scope.

    (a) This part establishes requirements for owners and operators of 
certain petroleum and natural gas systems facilities to make filings 
and be assessed waste emission charges as required by section 136 of 
the Clean Air Act (CAA).
    (b) Owners and operators of facilities that are subject to this 
part must follow the requirements of this subpart and all applicable 
subparts of this part. If a conflict exists between a provision in 
subpart A and any other applicable subpart, the requirements of the 
applicable subpart of this chapter shall take precedence.


Sec.  99.2  Definitions.

    All terms used in this part shall have the same meaning given in 
the Clean Air Act, unless as defined in this section. Terms defined 
here only apply to this part.
    Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the United States 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the Administrator's authorized 
representative.
    Affected facility means, for the purposes of the regulatory 
compliance exemption of this part, affected facilities, as defined in 
part 60, subpart A of this chapter, that are subject to methane 
emissions requirements pursuant to part 60 of this chapter.
    Applicable facility means a facility within one or more of the 
following industry segments, as those industry segment terms are 
defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter. In the case where operations 
from two or more industry segments are co-located at the same part 98 
reporting facility, operations for all co-located segments constitute a 
single applicable facility under this part:
    (1) Offshore petroleum and natural gas production.
    (2) Onshore petroleum and natural gas production.
    (3) Onshore natural gas processing.
    (4) Onshore natural gas transmission compression.
    (5) Underground natural gas storage.
    (6) Liquefied natural gas storage.
    (7) Liquefied natural gas import and export equipment.
    (8) Onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting.
    (9) Onshore natural gas transmission pipeline.
    Carbon dioxide equivalent or CO2e means the number of 
metric tons of CO2 emissions with the same global warming 
potential as one metric ton of another greenhouse gas and is calculated 
using equation A-1 in Sec.  98.2(b) of this chapter.
    Designated facility means, for purposes of the regulatory 
compliance exemption of this part, designated facilities, as defined in 
Sec.  60.21a(b) of this chapter, subject to methane emissions 
requirements pursuant to a State, Tribal, or Federal plan implementing 
part 60 of this chapter.
    Deviation means, for the purposes of the regulatory compliance 
exemption of this part, the same meaning as defined in part 60, 
subparts OOOOb and OOOOc of this chapter.
    Facility applicable emissions means the annual methane emissions, 
as calculated in Sec.  99.21, associated with a Waste Emissions Charge 
(WEC) applicable facility that are either equal to, below, or exceeding 
the waste emissions threshold for the WEC applicable facility prior to 
consideration of any applicable exemptions.
    Facility ID number means the identification number assigned to a 
facility by the EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP).
    Gas to oil ratio (GOR) means the ratio of the volume of gas at 
standard temperature and pressure that is produced from a volume of oil 
when depressurized to standard temperature and pressure.
    Gathering and boosting site means a single gathering compressor 
station as defined in this section, centralized oil production site as 
defined in this section, gathering pipeline site as defined in this 
section, or other fence-line site within the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment.
    Gathering and boosting system means a single network of pipelines, 
compressors and process equipment, including equipment to perform 
natural gas compression, dehydration, and acid gas removal, that has 
one or more connection points to gas and oil production or one or more 
other gathering and boosting systems and a downstream endpoint, 
typically a gas processing plant, transmission pipeline, Local gas 
distribution company (LDC) pipeline, or other gathering and boosting 
system.
    Gathering and boosting system owner or operator means any person 
that holds a contract in which they agree to transport petroleum or 
natural gas from one or more onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production wells or one or more other gathering and boosting systems to 
a downstream endpoint, typically a natural gas processing

[[Page 91167]]

facility, another gathering and boosting system, a natural gas 
transmission pipeline, or a distribution pipeline, or any person 
responsible for custody of the petroleum or natural gas transported.
    Global warming potential or GWP means the ratio of the time-
integrated radiative forcing from the instantaneous release of one 
kilogram of a trace substance relative to that of one kilogram of a 
reference gas (i.e., CO2). GWPs for each greenhouse gas are 
provided in Table A-1 of part 98, subpart A of this chapter.
    Greenhouse gas or GHG means the air pollutants carbon dioxide 
(CO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), methane (CH4), 
nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur 
hexafluoride (SF6).
    Natural gas means a naturally occurring mixture or process 
derivative of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases found in geologic 
formations beneath the earth's surface, of which its constituents 
include, but are not limited to, methane, heavier hydrocarbons, and 
carbon dioxide. Natural gas may be field quality, pipeline quality, or 
process gas.
    Net WEC emissions means the sum of WEC applicable emissions from 
facilities with the same WEC obligated party as calculated pursuant to 
Sec.  99.22 using equation B-8 of this part. If the conditions 
specified in Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(iv) apply for a reporting year, a single 
WEC obligated party may have multiple net WEC emissions totals for that 
reporting year.
    Net WEC emissions after transfers means the total quantity of 
methane emissions subject to charge for a WEC obligated party. If the 
WEC obligated party is not eligible to, or elects not to, transfer or 
receive negative net WEC emissions pursuant to Sec.  99.23, the net WEC 
emissions after transfers are determined pursuant to Sec.  99.22. If 
the WEC obligated party transfers or receives negative net WEC 
emissions pursuant to Sec.  99.23, the net WEC emissions after 
transfers reflect such transfers subject to the requirements of Sec.  
99.23.
    Nonproduction sector means facilities in the onshore natural gas 
processing, the liquefied natural gas storage, the liquefied natural 
gas import and export equipment, and the onshore petroleum and natural 
gas gathering and boosting industry segments as those industry segments 
are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter.
    Onshore natural gas transmission pipeline owner or operator means, 
for interstate pipelines, the person identified as the transmission 
pipeline owner or operator on the Certificate of Public Convenience and 
Necessity issued under 15 U.S.C. 717f, or, for intrastate pipelines, 
the person identified as the owner or operator on the transmission 
pipeline's Statement of Operating Conditions under section 311 of the 
Natural Gas Policy Act, or for pipelines that fall under the ``Hinshaw 
Exemption'' as referenced in section 1(c) of the Natural Gas Act, 15 
U.S.C. 717-717 (w)(1994), the person identified as the owner or 
operator on blanket certificates issued under 18 CFR 284.224. If an 
intrastate pipeline is not subject to section 311 of the Natural Gas 
Policy Act (NGPA), the onshore natural gas transmission pipeline owner 
or operator is the person identified as the owner or operator on 
reports to the State regulatory body regulating rates and charges for 
the sale of natural gas to consumers.
    Onshore petroleum and natural gas production owner or operator 
means the person or entity who holds the permit to operate petroleum 
and natural gas wells on the drilling permit or an operating permit 
where no drilling permit is issued, which operates a facility in the 
onshore petroleum and/or natural gas production industry segment (as 
that industry segment is defined in Sec.  98.230(a)(2) of this 
chapter). Where petroleum and natural gas wells operate without a 
drilling or operating permit, the person or entity that pays the State 
or Federal business income taxes is considered the owner or operator.
    Operator means, except as otherwise defined in this section, any 
person who operates or supervises a facility.
    Owner means, except as otherwise defined in this section, any 
person who has legal or equitable title to, has a leasehold interest 
in, or control of an applicable facility, except a person whose legal 
or equitable title to or leasehold interest in the facility arises 
solely because the person is a limited partner in a partnership that 
has legal or equitable title to, has a leasehold interest in, or 
control of the facility shall not be considered an ``owner'' of the 
facility.
    Parent company means the United States parent company.
    Part 98 report means the annual report required under part 98 of 
this chapter for owners and operators of certain facilities under the 
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems source category.
    Petroleum means oil removed from the earth and the oil derived from 
tar sands and shale.
    Production sector means facilities in the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production and the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segments as those industry segments are defined in 
Sec.  98.230 of this chapter.
    Qualified Professional Engineer means an individual who is licensed 
by a State as a Professional Engineer to practice in one or more 
disciplines of engineering, is in good standing and who is qualified by 
education, technical knowledge, and experience to review and interpret 
the records required under this subpart.
    Reporting year means the calendar year during which data are 
required to be collected for purposes of the annual WEC filing. For 
example, reporting year 2024 is January 1, 2024, through December 31, 
2024, and the annual WEC filing for reporting year 2024 is submitted to 
the EPA by August 31, 2025.
    Standard temperature and pressure means 60 [deg]F and 14.7 psia.
    Transmission sector means facilities in the onshore natural gas 
transmission compression, the underground natural gas storage, and the 
onshore transmission pipeline industry segments as those industry 
segments are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter.
    United States parent company(s) means the highest-level United 
States company(s), as reported under Sec.  98.3 of this chapter for a 
WEC applicable facility, with an ownership interest in the facility as 
of December 31 of the year for which data are being reported.
    Waste emissions threshold means the metric tons of methane 
emissions calculated by multiplying WEC applicable facility throughput 
by the industry segment-specific methane intensity thresholds 
established in CAA section 136(f) and the density of methane (0.0192 
metric ton per thousand standard cubic feet).
    WEC means waste emissions charge, the charge established in CAA 
section 136(c) on methane emissions that exceed certain thresholds.
    WEC applicable emissions means the annual methane emissions, as 
calculated in Sec.  99.21, associated with a WEC applicable facility 
that are either equal to, below, or exceeding the waste emissions 
threshold for the WEC applicable facility after consideration of any 
applicable exemptions.
    WEC applicable facility means an applicable facility, as defined in 
this section, for which the owner(s) or operator(s) of the part 98 of 
this chapter reporting facility was (were) required to report GHG 
emissions under part 98, subpart W of this chapter of more than 25,000 
metric tons CO2e for the reporting year.
    WEC filing means the report and payment of applicable WEC 
obligation required to be submitted by a WEC

[[Page 91168]]

obligated party under the requirements of this chapter. The WEC filing 
contains information regarding the WEC obligated party and WEC 
applicable facilities for the previous reporting year. For example, the 
WEC filing due on August 31, 2025 contains information regarding 
reporting year 2024, which is January 1, 2024 through December 31, 
2024.
    WEC obligated party means the WEC applicable facility's owner or 
operator as defined in this section for the applicable industry segment 
as of December 31 of the reporting year or that became an owner or 
operator of the WEC applicable facility in a transaction occurring 
subsequent to the end of the reporting year (i.e., between January 1 
and December 31 of the year following the reporting year) that resulted 
in the owner(s) or operator(s) of the facility as of December 31 of the 
reporting year ceasing to exist prior to the WEC filing date pursuant 
to Sec.  99.5. In cases where a WEC applicable facility has more than 
one owner or operator, the WEC obligated party must be one of the 
owners or operators of the facility selected by an agreement binding on 
each of the owners and operators of the facility, following the 
provisions of Sec.  99.4(b). Each WEC applicable facility must have 
only one WEC obligated party for a reporting year.
    WEC obligation means the WEC charge amount resulting from the 
calculations in Sec.  99.24.
    Well identification (ID) number means the unique and permanent 
identification number assigned to a petroleum or natural gas well. If 
the well has been assigned a US Well Number, the well ID number 
required in this subpart is the US Well Number. If a US Well Number has 
not been assigned to the well, the well ID number is the identifier 
established by the well's permitting authority.
    Well-pad site means all equipment on or associated with a single 
well-pad. Specifically, the well-pad site includes all equipment on a 
single well-pad plus all equipment associated with that single well-
pad.
    You means a WEC obligated party subject to this part.


Sec.  99.3  Who must file?

    WEC obligated parties, as defined in Sec.  99.2, are required to 
submit a WEC filing and remit applicable WEC obligations and payments.


Sec.  99.4  How do I authorize and what are the responsibilities of the 
designated representative?

    Each WEC obligated party must follow the procedures in paragraphs 
(a) through (l) of this section, as applicable, to identify a WEC 
obligated party designated representative. In cases where a WEC 
applicable facility has more than one owner or operator, the WEC 
obligated party shall be an owner or operator selected by an agreement 
binding on each of the owners and operators involved with the facility, 
following the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section. Failure to 
select a WEC obligated party for each WEC applicable facility with 
multiple owners or operators following the procedures of paragraph (b) 
of this section is considered a violation of this part for each owner 
and operator (as defined in Sec.  99.2 of this part) for the applicable 
industry segment of the associated WEC applicable facility. If an owner 
or operator acquires a WEC applicable facility in a transaction 
occurring subsequent to the end of the reporting year (i.e., between 
January 1 and December 31 of the year following the reporting year) 
that resulted in the owner(s) or operator(s) of the facility as of 
December 31 of the reporting year ceasing to exist prior to the WEC 
filing date pursuant to Sec.  99.5, the acquiring owner or operator 
shall be considered the WEC obligated party for that facility.
    (a) General. Except as provided under paragraph (f) of this 
section, each WEC obligated party that is subject to this part shall 
have one designated representative, who shall be responsible for 
certifying, signing, and submitting WEC filings or other submissions to 
the Administrator under this part.
    (b) Authorization of a designated representative. The designated 
representative of each WEC obligated party shall be an individual 
selected by an agreement binding on the owner and operator of such 
entity and shall act in accordance with the certification statement in 
paragraph (i) of this section. Failure of a WEC obligated party to 
authorize a designated representative following the procedures of this 
section is considered a violation of this part.
    (c) Responsibility of the designated representative. Upon receipt 
by the Administrator of a complete certificate of representation under 
this section for the WEC obligated party, the designated representative 
identified in such certificate of representation shall represent and, 
by their representations, actions, inactions, or submissions, legally 
bind the WEC obligated party in all matters pertaining to this part, 
notwithstanding any agreement between the designated representative and 
said WEC obligated party. The owner and operator shall be bound by any 
decision or order issued to the designated representative by the 
Administrator or a court.
    (d) Timing. No WEC filing or other submissions under this part for 
a WEC obligated party will be accepted until the Administrator has 
received a complete certificate of representation for the reporting 
year under this section for a designated representative of the WEC 
obligated party. Such certificate of representation shall be submitted 
at least 60 days before the deadline for submission of the WEC 
obligated party's WEC filing under Sec.  99.5 in each reporting year.
    (e) Certification of the WEC filing. Each WEC filing and any other 
submission under this part for a WEC obligated party shall be 
certified, signed, and submitted by the designated representative or 
any alternate designated representative of the WEC obligated party in 
accordance with this section and Sec.  3.10 of this chapter.
    (1) Each such submission shall include the following certification 
statement signed by the designated representative or any alternate 
designated representative: ``I am authorized to make this submission on 
behalf of the WEC obligated party, for which the submission is made. I 
certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined, and am 
familiar with, the statements and information submitted in this 
document and all its attachments. Based on my inquiry of those 
individuals with primary responsibility for obtaining the information, 
I certify that the statements and information are to the best of my 
knowledge and belief true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that 
there are significant penalties for submitting false statements and 
information or omitting required statements and information, including 
the possibility of fine or imprisonment.''
    (2) The Administrator will accept a WEC filing or other submission 
for a WEC obligated party under this part only if the submission is 
certified, signed, and submitted in accordance with this section.
    (f) Alternate designated representative. A certificate of 
representation under this section for the WEC obligated party may 
designate one alternate designated representative, who shall be an 
individual selected by an agreement binding on the owner and operator, 
and may act on behalf of the WEC obligated party designated 
representative. The agreement by which the alternate designated 
representative is selected shall include a procedure for authorizing 
the alternate designated representative to act in lieu of the 
designated representative.

[[Page 91169]]

    (1) Upon receipt by the Administrator of a complete certificate of 
representation under this section for a WEC obligated party identifying 
an alternate designated representative, the following apply.
    (i) The alternate WEC obligated party designated representative may 
act on behalf of the WEC obligated party designated representative.
    (ii) Any representation, action, inaction, or submission by the 
alternate designated representative shall be deemed to be a 
representation, action, inaction, or submission by the WEC obligated 
party designated representative.
    (2) Except in this section, whenever the term ``designated 
representative'' is used in this part, the term shall be construed to 
include the designated representative or any alternate designated 
representative.
    (g) Changing a designated representative or alternate designated 
representative. The designated representative or alternate designated 
representative identified in a complete certificate of representation 
under this section for a WEC obligated party received by the 
Administrator may be changed at any time upon receipt by the 
Administrator of another later signed, complete certificate of 
representation under this section for the WEC obligated party. 
Notwithstanding any such change, all representations, actions, 
inactions, and submissions by the previous designated representative or 
the previous alternate designated representative of the WEC obligated 
party before the time and date when the Administrator receives such 
later signed certificate of representation shall be binding on the new 
designated representative and the owner and operator of the WEC 
obligated party.
    (h) Changes in the WEC obligated party. Within 90 days after any 
change in the WEC obligated party, the designated representative or any 
alternate designated representative shall submit a certificate of 
representation that is complete under this section to reflect the 
change.
    (i) Certificate of representation. The annual certificate of 
representation shall be complete if it includes the following elements 
in a format prescribed by the Administrator in accordance with this 
section:
    (1) Identification of the WEC obligated party and the United States 
address of the WEC obligated party for which the certificate of 
representation is submitted.
    (2) The name, organization name (company affiliation-employer), 
address, email address, telephone number, and facsimile transmission 
number (if any) of the designated representative and any alternate 
designated representative.
    (3) The facility ID number for each WEC applicable facility 
comprising the WEC obligated party.
    (4) The name and United States address of the parent company for 
purposes of netting under subpart B of this part for the WEC obligated 
party and the WEC applicable facilities. The indicated parent company 
must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (i)(4)(i) and (ii) 
of this section. As an alternative to reporting a parent company, the 
WEC obligated party may be listed and paragraphs (i)(4)(i) and (ii) of 
this section do not apply.
    (i) The indicated parent company must have been reported pursuant 
to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of this chapter for each WEC applicable facility 
listed in the certificate of representation for which the WEC obligated 
party was an owner or operator of the facility as of December 31 of the 
reporting year and was reported pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(14) of this 
chapter.
    (ii) The WEC obligated party must be a subsidiary of, or partially 
owned by, the indicated parent company.
    (5) The following certification statements by the designated 
representative and any alternate designated representative:
    (i) ``I certify that I was selected as the designated 
representative or alternate designated representative, as applicable, 
by an agreement binding on the WEC obligated party.''
    (ii) ``I certify that I have all the necessary authority to carry 
out my duties and responsibilities under 40 CFR part 99 on behalf of 
the WEC obligated party and that such owner and operator shall be fully 
bound by my representations, actions, inactions, or submissions.''
    (iii) ``I certify that the owner and operator of the WEC obligated 
party, as applicable, shall be bound by any order issued to me by the 
Administrator or a court therein.''
    (iv) If there are multiple owners and/or operators reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(14) of this chapter for any WEC applicable 
facility listed in the certificate of representation pursuant to 
paragraph (i)(5) of this section, for each facility, ``I certify that I 
have given a written notice of my selection as the `designated 
representative' or `alternate designated representative', as 
applicable, and of the agreement by which I was selected to each owner 
and operator of the WEC applicable facility for which there are 
multiple owners and/or operators.''
    (6) The signature of the designated representative and any 
alternate designated representative and the dates signed.
    (j) Documents of agreement. Unless otherwise required by the 
Administrator, documents of agreement referred to in the certificate of 
representation shall not be submitted to the Administrator. The 
Administrator shall not be under any obligation to review or evaluate 
the sufficiency of such documents, if submitted.
    (k) Binding nature of the certificate of representation. Once a 
complete certificate of representation under this section for a WEC 
obligated party has been received, the Administrator will rely on the 
certificate of representation unless and until a later signed, complete 
certificate of representation under this section for the facility is 
received by the Administrator.
    (l) Objections concerning a designated representative. (1) Except 
as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, no objection or other 
communication submitted to the Administrator concerning the 
authorization, or any representation, action, inaction, or submission, 
of the designated representative or alternate designated representative 
shall affect any representation, action, inaction, or submission of the 
designated representative or alternate designated representative, or 
the finality of any decision or order by the Administrator under this 
part.
    (2) The Administrator will not adjudicate any private legal dispute 
concerning the authorization or any representation, action, inaction, 
or submission of any designated representative or alternate designated 
representative.


Sec.  99.5  When must I file and remit the applicable WEC obligation?

    Each WEC obligated party must submit their WEC filing including the 
information specified in Sec.  99.7, which contains payment of the 
applicable WEC obligation no later than August 31 of the year following 
the reporting year. All filing revisions must be received according to 
the schedule in Sec.  99.7(e) to be considered for revisions to WEC 
obligations. If the submission date falls on a weekend or a Federal 
holiday, the submission date shall be extended to the next business 
day.


Sec.  99.6  How do I file?

    Each WEC filing, certificate of representation, and remittance of 
applicable WEC fees for the WEC obligated party must be submitted 
electronically in accordance with the

[[Page 91170]]

requirements of this part and in a format specified by the 
Administrator.


Sec.  99.7  What are the general reporting, recordkeeping, and 
verification requirements of this part?

    The WEC obligated party that is subject to the requirements of this 
part must submit a WEC filing to the Administrator as specified in this 
section.
    (a) Schedule. The WEC filing must be submitted in accordance with 
Sec.  99.5.
    (b) Content of the WEC filing. For each WEC obligated party, report 
the information in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section. 
For each WEC applicable facility comprising the WEC obligated party, 
report the information in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (xiii) of this 
section, as appropriate. The WEC filing must also include payment of 
applicable WEC obligation, as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section.
    (1) Reporting requirements at the WEC obligated party level.
    (i) The WEC obligated party company name.
    (ii) The United States address for the WEC obligated party.
    (iii) The list of facility ID number(s) under which the WEC 
applicable facilities comprising the WEC obligated party as of December 
31 of the reporting year reported under part 98, subpart W of this 
chapter.
    (iv) If the WEC obligated party acquired one or more WEC applicable 
facilities in a transaction occurring subsequent to the end of the 
reporting year (i.e., between January 1 and December 31 of the year 
following the reporting year) that resulted in the owner(s) or 
operator(s) of the facility as of December 31 of the reporting year 
ceasing to exist prior to the WEC filing date pursuant to Sec.  99.5, 
report the facility ID number for each WEC applicable facility. You 
must include these WEC applicable facilities in the reporting 
requirements under Sec.  99.7(b)(2). For each such WEC applicable 
facility, also report an indication of whether the parent company 
identified in paragraph (b)(1)(vi) of this section was reported in the 
part 98 report for the reporting year pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of 
this chapter. For any such WEC applicable facilities that were not 
associated with the parent company identified in paragraph (b)(1)(vi) 
of this section, you may elect to report a parent company for that WEC 
applicable facility subject to the requirement that such parent company 
must have been reported in the part 98 report for the reporting year 
pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of this chapter for that facility.
    (v) The net WEC emissions, as calculated pursuant to Sec.  99.22, 
net WEC emissions after transfers, following the provisions of Sec.  
99.23, and WEC obligation, as calculated pursuant to Sec.  99.24, for 
the WEC obligated party. If the condition specified in Sec.  
99.7(b)(1)(iv) applies for the reporting year, report separately the 
net WEC emissions, net WEC emissions after transfers, and WEC 
obligation associated with each WEC applicable facility that was 
acquired.
    (vi) The parent company for purposes of netting under subpart B of 
this part for the WEC obligated party and the WEC applicable 
facilities. The indicated parent company must meet the requirements 
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section. As an 
alternative to reporting a parent company, the WEC obligated party may 
be listed and paragraphs (b)(1)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section do not 
apply.
    (A) The indicated parent company must have been reported pursuant 
to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of this chapter for each WEC applicable facility 
listed pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section.
    (B) The WEC obligated party must be a subsidiary of, or partially 
owned by, the indicated parent company.
    (vii) The United States address of the parent company, if electing 
to report a parent company for purposes of netting under subpart B of 
this part.
    (2) Reporting requirements for each WEC applicable facility 
comprising the WEC obligated party.
    (i) The facility ID number under which the WEC applicable facility 
emissions are reported under part 98, subpart W of this chapter.
    (ii) The industry segment(s) for the WEC applicable facility.
    (iii) For WEC applicable facilities in the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
industry segment, as those industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  
98.230 of this chapter, if the conditions specified in Sec.  99.30 
regarding emissions from delays in permitting are met, indicate if you 
are electing to claim for exemption any emissions from delays in 
permitting. If so, you must provide information as specified in Sec.  
99.31.
    (iv) If the WEC applicable facility meets the conditions specified 
in Sec.  99.41(a) and (b) regarding the regulatory compliance 
exemption, indicate if you are electing to claim for exemption any 
emissions related to regulatory compliance. If so, you must report the 
following:
    (A) A list of the State(s) and/or Tribal land(s) meeting the 
conditions specified in Sec.  99.40 for the reporting year in which the 
WEC applicable facility is located. For WEC applicable facilities in 
the onshore petroleum and natural gas production or onshore petroleum 
and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segments, as those 
industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, a 
WEC applicable facility is considered to be located in each State or 
Tribal lands within which a well-pad site or gathering and boosting 
site, as applicable, was reported pursuant to Sec. Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(iv)(C) or (aa)(10)(v)(E) of this chapter, as applicable, 
for the reporting year.
    (B) An indication of whether the WEC applicable facility contained 
any affected facilities subject to methane emissions standards under 
part 60 of this chapter as of December 31st of the reporting year or 
any designated facilities subject to methane emissions standards under 
an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan in part 62 of 
this chapter as of December 31st of the reporting year. If so, provide 
the information specified in Sec.  99.42, as applicable.
    (v) For WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production, offshore petroleum and natural gas production, 
or underground natural gas storage industry segments, as those industry 
segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, if the 
conditions specified in Sec.  99.50 regarding emissions from 
permanently shut-in and plugged wells are met, indicate if you are 
electing to claim for exemption any emissions from plugged wells. If 
so, you must report the information specified in Sec.  99.51.
    (vi) The facility waste emissions threshold as calculated pursuant 
to Sec.  99.20, and, if there is more than one applicable industry 
segment within the WEC applicable facility, each industry segment waste 
emissions threshold for each applicable industry segment within the 
applicable facility, as calculated pursuant to Sec.  99.20.
    (vii) The facility applicable emissions, as calculated pursuant to 
Sec.  99.21 and the WEC applicable emissions, as calculated pursuant to 
Sec.  99.21.
    (viii) The total emissions for the WEC applicable facility as 
reported under part 98, subpart W of this chapter for the reporting 
year, mt CO2e. If the facility reported information related 
to one or more combustion-related other large release events pursuant 
to paragraph (b)(2)(xiii) of this section, reduce this amount by the 
total quantity of emissions reported pursuant to paragraph 
(b)(2)(xiii)(D) of this section.

[[Page 91171]]

If the adjusted total emissions for the WEC applicable facility 
following this reduction are less than or equal to 25,000 metric tons 
CO2e for the reporting year, then the total facility 
applicable emissions and WEC applicable emissions for the WEC 
applicable facility are zero, paragraphs (a) through (d) of Sec.  99.20 
do not apply to the WEC applicable facility, and the reporting 
requirements of paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) through (vii) of this section do 
not apply.
    (ix) The annual methane emissions for the WEC applicable facility, 
as reported under part 98, subpart W of this chapter for the 
corresponding reporting year, mt CH4. If the facility 
reported information related to one or more combustion-related other 
large release events pursuant to paragraph (b)(2)(xiii) of this 
section, reduce this amount by the total quantity of emissions reported 
pursuant to paragraph (b)(2)(xiii)(C) of this section.
    (x) The total quantity of natural gas that is sent to sale from the 
WEC applicable facility in the reporting year, as reported pursuant to 
part 98, subpart W of this chapter, in Mscf.
    (xi) The total quantity of crude oil that is sent to sale from the 
WEC applicable facility in the reporting year, as reported pursuant to 
part 98, subpart W of this chapter, in barrels.
    (xii) The percentage of ownership interest of the parent company 
reported pursuant to Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(vi) of the WEC applicable 
facility as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of this chapter for 
the reporting year. Report 0 for any WEC applicable facilities reported 
pursuant to Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(iv) for which the parent company was not 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.3(c)(11) of this chapter for the 
reporting year.
    (xiii) For reporting year 2025 and later, if one or more 
combustion-related other large release events were reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(y) of this chapter and reported emissions pursuant Sec.  
98.236(z) of this chapter for the same combustion unit for the timespan 
of the event for the WEC applicable facility in the part 98 report for 
that reporting year, then for each combustion-related other large 
release event report the information specified in paragraphs 
(b)(2)(xiii)(A) through (D) of this section. For purposes of this part, 
a combustion-related other large release event is one in which the 
equipment involved in the release identified pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(y)(5)(i) of this chapter is equipment that reports emissions 
pursuant Sec.  98.236(z) of this chapter.
    (A) The unique release event identification number for the other 
large release event as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(y)(2) of this 
chapter.
    (B) The annual CO2 emissions, in metric tons 
CO2, that were reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(z) of this 
chapter from the equipment associated with the release that occurred 
during the timespan of the release as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(y)(4) of this chapter. Determine this quantity using the 
applicable method in paragraphs Sec.  98.236(z)(1) through (3) of this 
chapter and using measurement data, if available, or a combination of 
process knowledge, engineering estimates, and best available data when 
measurement data are not available.
    (C) The annual CH4 emissions, in metric tons 
CH4, that were reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(z) of this 
chapter from the equipment associated with the release that occurred 
during the timespan of the release as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(y)(4) of this chapter. Determine this quantity using the 
applicable method in paragraphs Sec.  98.236(z)(1) through (3) of this 
chapter and using measurement data, if available, or a combination of 
process knowledge, engineering estimates, and best available data when 
measurement data are not available.
    (D) The CO2e emissions, in metric tons CO2e, 
that were reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(z) of this chapter from the 
equipment associated with the release that occurred during the timespan 
of the release as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(y)(4) of this 
chapter. Calculate this value using equation A-1 of subpart A to part 
98 of this chapter, using the values of CO2 and 
CH4 reported pursuant to paragraphs (b)(2)(xiii)(B) and (C), 
respectively, of this section.
    (3) Payment of applicable WEC obligation, submitted in accordance 
with Sec.  99.9.
    (c) Verification of the WEC filing. To verify the completeness and 
accuracy of WEC filing, the EPA will consider the verification status 
of part 98 reports and may review the certification statements 
described in Sec.  99.4 and any other credible evidence, in conjunction 
with a comprehensive review of the WEC filing, including attachments. 
The EPA intends to conduct audits of select WEC obligated parties and 
associated WEC applicable facilities. During such audits, the records 
generated under this part must be made available to the EPA. The on-
site audits may be conducted by private auditors contracted by the EPA 
or by Federal, State or local personnel, as appropriate. Nothing in 
this section prohibits the EPA from requesting or using additional 
information, including reports, prepared and submitted in accordance 
with part 60 of this chapter, or an applicable approved State, Tribal, 
or Federal plan under part 62 of this chapter that implements the 
emission guidelines contained in part 60 of this chapter, to verify the 
completeness and accuracy of the filings.
    (d) Recordkeeping. A WEC obligated party that is subject to the 
requirements of this part must keep records as specified in this 
paragraph (d). You must retain all required records for at least 5 
years from the date of submission of the WEC filing for the reporting 
year in which the record was generated. The records shall be kept in an 
electronic or hard-copy format (as appropriate) and recorded in a form 
that is suitable for expeditious inspection and review. Upon request by 
the Administrator, the records required under this section must be made 
available to the EPA or a third-party auditor if one is required. 
Records may be retained off site if the records are readily available 
for expeditious inspection and review. For records that are 
electronically generated or maintained, the equipment or software 
necessary to read the records shall be made available, or, if requested 
by the EPA, electronic records shall be converted to paper documents. 
You must retain the following records, in addition to those records 
prescribed in each applicable subpart of this part:
    (1) All information required to be retained by part 98, including 
subparts A and W of this chapter.
    (2) Any other information not included in a part 98 report used to 
complete the WEC filing.
    (3) All information required to be submitted as part of the WEC 
filing.
    (e) Annual WEC filing revisions. Except as specified in paragraph 
(e)(2) of this section, the provisions of this paragraph (e) apply 
until December 15 of the year following the reporting year, or for a 
given reporting year after the December 15 deadline if the resubmission 
is related to the resolution of unverified filings specified at Sec.  
99.8. If the deadline falls on a weekend or a Federal holiday, the 
deadline date shall be extended to the next business day.
    (1) The WEC obligated party shall submit a revised WEC filing 
within 30 days of discovering that a previously submitted WEC filing 
contains one or more substantive errors. The revised WEC filing must 
correct all substantive errors. If the resubmission is due to a 
correction in a part 98 report resubmitted by a WEC applicable 
facility, the WEC obligated party must report the number of corrections 
made in the part 98 report(s) and a description of how the changes 
impact the assessment of the WEC obligation.

[[Page 91172]]

    (2) The revisions for substantive errors as described in paragraphs 
(e)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section are not subject to the December 
15 deadline and must be submitted according to the schedule therein.
    (i) Revised filings for purposes of the regulatory compliance 
exemption must be submitted as follows:
    (A) Revised filings to submit a CAA section 111(b) or (d) 
compliance report which covers the remaining portion of a WEC filing 
year, which were not available at the time of the WEC filing, must be 
submitted within 30 calendar days of the date that the compliance 
report covering the remainder of the year is due under the applicable 
requirements of CAA section 111(b) or (d), as applicable.
    (B) Revised filings to submit findings by the WEC obligated party 
that one or more deviations or violations discovered after the WEC 
filing must be submitted within 30 days of the discovery.
    (ii) The Administrator may notify the WEC obligated party in 
writing that a WEC filing previously submitted by the WEC obligated 
party contains one or more substantive errors. Such notification will 
identify each such substantive error. The WEC obligated party shall, 
within 30 days of receipt of the notification, either resubmit the WEC 
filing that, for each identified substantive error, corrects the 
identified substantive error (in accordance with the applicable 
requirements of this part) or provide information demonstrating that 
the previously submitted filing does not contain the identified 
substantive error or that the identified error is not a substantive 
error. The EPA reserves the right to revise WEC obligations for a given 
reporting year after the December 15 final resubmission deadline if 
data errors are discovered by the EPA at a later date.
    (iii) Revised filings submitted pursuant to Administrator approval 
or an Agreement between the WEC obligated party and the Administrator 
to correct substantive errors.
    (3) A substantive error is an error that impacts the 
Administrator's ability to accurately calculate a WEC obligated party's 
WEC obligation, which may include, but is not limited to, the list of 
WEC applicable facilities associated with a WEC obligated party, the 
emissions or throughput reported in the WEC applicable facility part 98 
report(s), emissions associated with exemptions, and supporting 
information for each exemption to demonstrate its validity.
    (4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section, upon 
request the Administrator may provide an extension of the 30-day period 
for submission of a revised report or information under paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (2) of this section if adequate justification is provided by 
the WEC obligated party. The Administrator may provide an extension 
provided that the request is received by email to an address prescribed 
by the Administrator prior to the expiration of the 30-day period and 
that the request demonstrates that it is not practicable to submit a 
revised report or information under paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this 
section within 30 days. In no case shall an extension be granted beyond 
the December 15 final submission deadline.
    (5) The WEC obligated party shall retain documentation for a 
minimum of 5 years from the date of creation to support any revision 
made to a WEC filing.
    (6) If a WEC applicable facility changes ownership such that there 
is a change to the WEC obligated party, the entity that was the WEC 
obligated party as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(i) in the WEC 
filing submitted for a reporting year remains responsible for any 
revisions to WEC filings for that reporting year.
    (f) Designation of unverified filings and reports. Following the 
verification process discussed in Sec.  98.3(h) of this chapter for 
part 98 reports and paragraph (c) of this section for WEC filings, the 
EPA shall designate:
    (1) The annual part 98 report associated with each WEC applicable 
facility as either verified or unverified. An unverified report is one 
in which the EPA has provided notification under Sec.  98.3(h)(2) of 
this chapter and the owner or operator of the WEC applicable facility 
has failed to revise and resubmit the report and resolve the error or 
provide justification to the satisfaction of the EPA that the 
identified error is not a substantive error (in accordance with the 
applicable requirements of Sec.  98.3(h)(3) of this chapter).
    (2) The annual WEC filing from each WEC obligated party submitted 
pursuant to Sec.  99.7 as either verified or unverified. An unverified 
filing is one in which the EPA has provided notification under Sec.  
99.7(e)(2) and the WEC obligated party designated representative has 
failed to resubmit the filing and for each identified substantive error 
correct the identified substantive error (in accordance with the 
applicable requirements of paragraph (e)(3) of this section) or provide 
information demonstrating that the submitted filing does not contain 
the identified substantive error or that the identified error is not a 
substantive error. The determination of verification status of a part 
98 report under paragraph (f)(1) of this section will be taken into 
consideration in the determination of the verification status of a WEC 
filing. A WEC filing may also be designated as unverified if it 
includes receipt of a transfer of negative net WEC emissions, pursuant 
to Sec.  99.23, associated with an unverified part 98 report (i.e., the 
WEC obligated party which transferred the negative net WEC emissions 
includes one or more WEC applicable facilities for which the associated 
part 98 report is unverified).


Sec.  99.8  What are the general provisions for assessment of the WEC 
obligation?

    (a) Assessment of the WEC obligation. WEC obligation assessments 
shall be made pursuant to Sec.  99.23 on the basis of information 
submitted by the date specified in Sec.  99.5 and following the 
submittal requirements of Sec.  99.6.
    (b) Assessment of the WEC obligation for unverified filings. If a 
WEC filing is unverified but the EPA is able to correct the error(s) 
based on reported data, the EPA may recalculate the WEC obligation 
using available information and provide an invoice or refund to the WEC 
obligated party within 60 days of determining a WEC filing to be 
unverified. If the WEC obligated party resubmits a WEC filing within 
that timeframe, the EPA will either verify the resubmission, or take 
the resubmission into account when calculating the WEC obligation.
    (c) Third-party audits for unverified reports. If the EPA is unable 
to calculate the WEC obligation with available information, the EPA may 
require the WEC obligated party to undergo a third-party audit. The EPA 
may require the WEC obligated party to fund and arrange the third-party 
audit. The WEC obligated party must make available for review to the 
third-party auditor all records related to the WEC filing pursuant to 
Sec.  99.7. The WEC obligated party will have the audit completed and 
direct the third-party auditor to submit the audit results to the EPA 
and to the WEC obligated party pursuant to Sec.  99.8(c)(1)(vi). The 
WEC obligated party will resubmit the WEC filing, if necessary, in 
accordance with Sec.  99.8(c)(2)(i) and (ii). Nothing in this section 
regarding third-party audits shall be construed to limit the authority 
of the Administrator to exercise its authorities under Sec.  114 of the 
CAA.
    (1) Third-party reviews. An independent third-party audit of the 
information provided shall be based on a review of the relevant 
documents and shall identify each item required by the WEC filing, 
describe how the

[[Page 91173]]

independent third-party evaluated the accuracy of the information 
provided, state whether the independent third-party agrees with the 
information provided, and identify any exceptions between the 
independent third-party's findings and the information provided.
    (i) Audits required under this section must be conducted by an 
independent third-party. The auditor must have professional work 
experience in the petroleum engineering field or related to oil and gas 
production, gathering, processing, transmission, or storage and must be 
a qualified professional engineer.
    (ii) To be considered an independent third-party, the auditor must 
not be an employee of the WEC obligated party or its WEC applicable 
facilities at which the auditor is conducting the independent review.
    (iii) The independent third-party shall submit all records 
pertaining to the audit required under this section, including 
information supporting all of the requirements of Sec.  99.8(c)(1) to 
the WEC obligated party.
    (iv) The independent third-party must provide to the WEC obligated 
party documentation of qualifications of professional work experience 
in the petroleum engineering field or related to oil and gas 
production, gathering, processing, transmission, or storage.
    (v) The WEC obligated party must make the following information 
available to the auditor(s) for review which were used to develop the 
WEC filing including:
    (A) All records described under Sec.  99.7(d) of the general 
recordkeeping provisions for this chapter.
    (B) All units, operations, processes, and activities for which GHG 
emissions were calculated.
    (C) The GHG emissions calculations and methods used.
    (D) The calculations for the development of site-specific emissions 
factors.
    (E) The quantity of petroleum and natural gas received, produced, 
and consumed at the facility in the calendar year.
    (F) The dates on which any measurements were conducted as well as 
the results of all emissions measured.
    (G) The calibration reports for detection and measurement 
instruments used.
    (H) The inventory of petroleum and natural gas for the current and/
or prior calendar year.
    (I) The annual part 98 reports.
    (vi) The WEC obligated party will direct the independent third-
party auditor to submit the audit results to the EPA and the WEC 
obligated party within 90 days of notification by the EPA of the 
requirement to conduct a third-party audit.
    (2) Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for WEC obligated 
parties following third party audits. (i) The WEC obligated party shall 
direct the independent third-party auditor to provide the results of 
the audit to the EPA and the WEC obligated party. After receiving 
notification from the EPA that the audited information has been 
verified by the EPA, the WEC obligated party must resubmit the WEC 
filing, including the WEC obligation amount and all supporting 
documentation information that is included in reporting requirements 
under Sec.  99.7, 99.31, 99.42, and 99.51, as applicable, within 30 
days of receipt of the EPA notification.
    (ii) The WEC obligated party shall provide to the EPA documentation 
of qualifications of the third-party auditor.
    (iii) The WEC obligated party shall retain all records pertaining 
to the audit required under this section for a period of 5 years from 
the date of creation and shall deliver such records to the 
Administrator upon request.
    (d) Resubmittal of filings and reports for the current or prior 
reporting year. If resubmittal of a previously submitted part 98 report 
and/or WEC filing, submitted as specified in Sec.  99.7(e), results in 
a change to the WEC obligation determined for a WEC obligated party for 
the reporting year the following process shall apply:
    (1) If the WEC obligation based upon the resubmitted report or 
filing for the reporting year is less than the WEC obligation 
previously remitted by the WEC obligated party, the Administrator shall 
authorize a refund to the WEC obligated party equal to the difference 
in WEC obligation.
    (2) If the WEC obligation based upon the resubmitted report or 
filing for the reporting year is greater than the WEC obligation 
previously remitted by the WEC obligated party, the Administrator may 
issue an invoice or bill to the WEC obligated party payable in 
accordance with Sec.  99.9(b). WEC obligations not paid in full by the 
specified due date, or within 30 days of the date of the invoice or 
bill if a due date is not provided, shall be subject to fees as 
described in Sec.  99.10.


Sec.  99.9  How are payments required by this part made?

    (a) The WEC obligation owed for each reporting year must be paid by 
the WEC obligated party as part of the annual WEC filing, as required 
by Sec.  99.7(b), and is considered due at the date specified in Sec.  
99.5.
    (b) Other than the WEC obligation specified in paragraph (a) of 
this section, all other charges required by this part, including 
adjusted WEC obligations, interest fees, and penalties, shall be paid 
by the WEC obligated party in response to an invoice or bill by the 
specified due date, or within 30 days of the date of the invoice or 
bill if a due date is not provided.
    (c) All WEC obligations, interest fees, and penalties required by 
this subpart shall be paid to the Department of the Treasury by the WEC 
obligated party electronically in U.S. dollars, using an online 
electronic payment service specified by the Administrator.


Sec.  99.10  What fees apply to delinquent payments?

    (a) Delinquency. WEC obligated party accounts are delinquent if the 
accounts remain unpaid after the due date specified in the invoice or 
other notice of the WEC amount owed.
    (b) Interest fee. In accordance with 31 U.S.C. 3717(a), delinquent 
WEC obligated party accounts shall be charged a minimum annual rate of 
interest equal to the average investment rate for Treasury tax and loan 
accounts (Current Value of Funds Rate or CVFR) most recently published 
and in effect by the Secretary of the Treasury.
    (c) Non-payment penalty. In accordance with 31 U.S.C. 3717(e), WEC 
obligated party invoiced debts that are more than 90 days past due 
shall be charged an additional penalty of 6 percent per year assessed 
on any part of the invoiced debt that is past due for more than 90 
days.
    (d) Penalty for non-submittal. In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 
7413(d)(1), a WEC obligated party that fails to submit an annual WEC 
filing by the date specified in Sec.  99.5 may be charged an 
administrative penalty. The penalty assessment shall be a daily 
assessment per day that the WEC filing is not submitted, assessed up to 
the value specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR 19.4, as amended. The 
assessment of penalty shall begin on the date that the WEC filing was 
considered past due per Sec.  99.5 and continue until such time that 
the WEC filing is submitted by the WEC obligated party's designated 
representative. (For example: A WEC filing for reporting year 2025 
submitted on September 4, 2026, may be subject to an assessment of four 
(4) days of administrative penalty for non-submittal.)


Sec.  99.11  What are the compliance and enforcement provisions of this 
part?

    Any violation of any requirement of this part shall be a violation 
of the Clean

[[Page 91174]]

Air Act, including section 114 (42 U.S.C. 7414) and section 136 (42 
U.S.C. 7436). A violation would include but is not limited to failure 
to submit, or resubmit as required, a WEC filing, failure to collect 
data needed to calculate the WEC obligation (including any data 
relevant to determining the applicability of any exemptions and how the 
netting was conducted), failure to select a WEC obligated party, 
failure to authorize a designated representative, failure to retain 
records needed to verify the amount of WEC obligation, providing false 
or incorrect information in a WEC filing, and failure to remit WEC 
payment. Each day of each violation constitutes a separate violation. 
Any penalty assessed shall be in addition to any WEC obligation due 
under this part and any fees applicable to delinquent payments due 
under Sec.  99.10.


Sec.  99.12  What addresses apply for this part?

    All requests, notifications, and communications to the 
Administrator pursuant to this part must be submitted electronically 
and in a format as specified by the Administrator.


Sec.  99.13  What are the confidentiality determinations and related 
procedures for this part?

    This section characterizes various categories of information for 
purposes of making confidentiality determinations, as follows:
    (a) This paragraph (a) applies the definition of ``Emission data'' 
in 40 CFR 2.301(a)(2)(i) for information reported under this part. 
``Emission data'' cannot be treated as confidential business 
information and shall be available to be disclosed to the public. The 
following categories of information qualify as emission data:
    (1) Methane emission information, including the net WEC emissions, 
waste emissions thresholds, WEC applicable emissions, and the quantity 
of methane emissions to be exempted due to unreasonable delay and wells 
that were permanently shut-in and abandoned.
    (2) Calculation methodology, including the method used to determine 
the quantity of methane emissions to be exempted due to an unreasonable 
permitting delay and the method used to quantify emissions exempted 
from permanently shut-in and plugged wells.
    (3) Facility and unit identifier information, including WEC 
obligated party company name and address, signed and dated 
certification statements of the accuracy and completeness of the 
report, facility identifiers, industry segment, well-pad and/or well 
identifiers, and emission source-specific methane mitigation activities 
impacted by an unreasonable permitting delay.
    (b) The following types of information are not eligible for 
confidential treatment:
    (1) The WEC obligation, as calculated pursuant to Sec.  99.24.
    (2) Compliance information, including information regarding 
applicable emissions standards or other relevant standards of 
performance or requirements, information in construction or operating 
permits, and information submitted to document compliance with an 
emissions standard or a standard of performance, such as a periodic 
report, prepared and submitted in accordance with part 60 of this 
chapter, or an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan under 
part 62 of this chapter that implements the emission guidelines 
contained in part 60 of this chapter, (excluding any information 
redacted from the report and claimed as confidential).
    (3) Published information that is publicly available, including 
information that is made available through publication of annual 
reports submitted under part 98 of this chapter, on company or other 
websites, or otherwise made publicly available.
    (c) If you submit information that is not described in paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of this section, you may claim the information as 
confidential and the information is subject to the process for 
confidentiality determinations in 40 CFR part 2 as described in 
Sec. Sec.  2.201 through 2.208 of this chapter. You may be required to 
provide information to substantiate your claims. If claimed, the 
Administrator may consider this substantiating information to be 
confidential to the same degree as the information for which you are 
requesting confidential treatment. The determination will be based on 
your statements, the supporting information submitted, and any other 
available information. However, the Administrator may determine that 
your information is not subject to confidential treatment consistent 
with 40 CFR part 2 and 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4).
    (d) Submitted applications and reports typically rely on software 
or templates to identify specific categories of information. If you 
submit information in a comment field designated for users to add 
general information, the Administrator will respond to requests for 
disclosing that information consistent with paragraphs (a) through (c) 
of this section.

Subpart B--Determining Waste Emissions Charge


Sec.  99.20  How will the waste emissions threshold for each WEC 
applicable facility be determined?

    The methane waste emissions threshold for each applicable industry 
segment within a WEC applicable facility for the reporting year will be 
calculated as described in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, 
as applicable. The methane waste emissions threshold for each WEC 
applicable facility will be determined as described in paragraph (e) of 
this section.
    (a) For each offshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment or onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment that sends natural gas to sale at a WEC applicable facility, 
the facility waste emissions threshold will be calculated using 
equation B-1 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.004

Where:

THis,Prod = The methane waste emissions threshold for the 
industry segment at a WEC applicable facility for the reporting year 
in the production sector that has natural gas sent to sale, metric 
tons (mt) CH4.
0.002 = Industry segment-specific methane intensity threshold, as 
specified in CAA section 136(f), for methane emissions for 
applicable facilities with natural gas sales in the production 
sector, thousand standard cubic feet (Mscf) CH4 per Mscf 
of natural gas sent to sale.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane = 0.0192 kilograms per 
standard cubic foot (kg/scf) = 0.0192 metric tons per thousand 
standard cubic feet (mt/Mscf).
Qng,Prod = The total quantity of natural gas that is sent 
to sale from the WEC applicable facility in the reporting year, as 
reported pursuant to part 98, subpart W of this chapter. For onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production, you must use the quantity 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(i)(B) of this chapter, in 
Mscf. For offshore petroleum and natural gas production, you must 
use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(2)(i) of this 
chapter, in Mscf.


[[Page 91175]]


    (b) For each offshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment or onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment that has no natural gas sent to sale at a WEC applicable 
facility, the facility waste emissions threshold will be calculated 
using equation B-2 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.005

Where:

THis,Prod = The annual methane waste emissions threshold 
for the industry segment at a WEC applicable facility in the 
production sector that has no natural gas sent to sale, mt 
CH4.
10 = Industry segment-specific methane intensity threshold, as 
specified in CAA section 136(f), for applicable facilities with no 
natural gas sales in the production sector, mt CH4 per 
million barrels oil sent to sale.
Qo,Prod = The total quantity of crude oil that is sent to 
sale from the WEC applicable facility in the reporting year, as 
reported pursuant to part 98, subpart W of this chapter. For onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production, you must use the quantity 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(i)(C) of this chapter, in 
barrels. For offshore petroleum and natural gas production, you must 
use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(2)(ii) of 
this chapter, in barrels.
10-6 = Conversion from barrels to million barrels.

    (c) For each onshore natural gas processing industry segment, 
liquefied natural gas storage industry segment, the liquefied natural 
gas import and export equipment industry segment, or the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment at a 
WEC applicable facility, the facility waste emissions threshold will be 
calculated using equation B-3 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.006

Where:

THis,NonProd = The annual methane waste emissions 
threshold for the industry segment at a WEC applicable facility in 
the nonproduction sector, mt CH4.
0.0005 = Industry segment-specific methane intensity threshold, as 
specified in CAA section 136(f), for applicable facilities in the 
nonproduction sector, Mscf CH4 per Mscf of natural gas 
sent to sale from or through the facility.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane = 0.0192 kg/scf = 0.0192 
mt/Mscf.
Qng,NonProd = The total quantity of natural gas that is 
sent to sale from or through the industry segment at a WEC 
applicable facility in the reporting year as reported pursuant to 
part 98, subpart W of this chapter. For RY 2024 for onshore natural 
gas processing, you must use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(3)(ii) of this chapter, in Mscf and for RY 2025 and 
later, you must use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(3)(ix) of this chapter, in Mscf. For LNG import and 
export, you must use the sum of the quantities reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(aa)(6) and (7) of this chapter, in Mscf. For LNG 
storage, you must use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(8)(ii) of this chapter, in Mscf. For onshore petroleum 
and natural gas gathering and boosting, you must use the quantity 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(10)(ii) of this chapter, in 
Mscf.

    (d) For each onshore natural gas transmission compression industry 
segment, underground natural gas storage industry segment, or onshore 
natural gas transmission pipeline industry segment at a WEC applicable 
facility, the facility waste emissions threshold will be calculated 
using equation B-4 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.007

Where:

THis,Tran = The annual methane waste emissions threshold 
for the industry segment at a WEC applicable facility in the 
transmission sector, mt CH4.
0.0011 = Industry segment-specific methane intensity threshold, as 
specified in CAA section 136(f), for applicable facilities in the 
transmission sector, Mscf CH4 per Mscf of natural gas 
sent to sale from or through the facility.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane = 0.0192 kg/scf = 0.0192 
mt/Mscf.
Qng,Tran = The total quantity of natural gas that is sent 
to sale from or through the industry segment at a WEC applicable 
facility in the reporting year as reported pursuant to part 98, 
subpart W of this chapter. For onshore natural gas transmission 
compression, you must use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(4)(i) of this chapter, in Mscf. For underground natural 
gas storage, you must use the quantity reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(5)(ii) of this chapter, in Mscf. For onshore natural gas 
transmission pipeline, you must use the quantity reported pursuant 
to Sec.  98.236(aa)(11)(iv) of this chapter, in Mscf.

    (e) For each WEC applicable facility that operates in a single 
industry segment, the methane waste emissions threshold shall be equal 
to the value calculated in equation B-1, equation B-2, equation B-3, or 
equation B-4 of this section, as applicable. For each WEC applicable 
facility that operates in two or more industry segments, the facility 
waste emissions threshold will be calculated using equation B-5 of this 
section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.008

Where:

THWAF = The WEC applicable facility waste emissions 
threshold, mt CH4.
THis,s = The industry segment waste emissions threshold, 
as calculated in

[[Page 91176]]

equation B-3 or equation B-4 of this section, for each industry 
segment ``s'' at the WEC applicable facility, mt CH4.
N = Number of industry segments at the WEC applicable facility.


Sec.  99.21  How will the WEC applicable emissions for a WEC applicable 
facility be determined?

    Except for WEC applicable facilities with a waste emissions 
threshold of zero as determined in Sec.  99.20(e), the total facility 
applicable emissions and WEC applicable emissions for each WEC 
applicable facility for the reporting year will be calculated as 
described in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, as applicable. 
If the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable facility is zero 
as determined in Sec.  99.20(e), then the total facility applicable 
emissions and WEC applicable emissions for the WEC applicable facility 
are zero and paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section do not apply to 
the WEC applicable facility.
    (a) The total facility applicable emissions for each WEC applicable 
facility will be calculated using equation B-6 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.009

Where:

ETFA,CH4 = The annual methane emissions equal to, below, 
or exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable 
facility prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions (i.e., 
total facility applicable emissions), mt CH4.
ESubpartW,CH4 = The annual methane emissions for a WEC 
applicable facility, as reported to Sec.  99.7(b)(2)(ix), mt 
CH4.
THWAF = The waste emissions threshold for a WEC 
applicable facility, as determined in Sec.  99.20(e), mt 
CH4.

    (b) If the total facility applicable emissions calculated using 
equation B-6 of this section are less than or equal to 0 mt, then the 
WEC applicable emissions are equal to the total facility applicable 
emissions.
    (c) If the total facility applicable emissions calculated using 
equation B-6 of this section are greater than 0 mt and the regulatory 
compliance exemption as specified in Sec.  99.41 applies for the entire 
reporting year and to all sites at the WEC applicable facility, the WEC 
applicable emissions for that facility are equal to 0 mt.
    (d) If the total facility applicable emissions calculated using 
equation B-6 of this section are greater than 0 mt and the regulatory 
compliance exemption as specified in Sec.  99.41 does not apply for the 
entire reporting year or does not apply to all sites at the WEC 
applicable facility, the WEC applicable emissions for each WEC 
applicable facility will be calculated using equation B-7 of this 
section. If the result of this calculation is less than 0 mt 
CH4, the WEC applicable emissions for the facility are equal 
to 0 mt CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.010

Where:

EWA,CH4 = The annual methane emissions associated with a 
WEC applicable facility that are either equal to, below, or 
exceeding the waste emissions threshold for the WEC applicable 
facility (i.e., the WEC applicable emissions), mt CH4.
ETFA,CH4 = The annual methane emissions equal to, below, 
or exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable 
facility prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions for the 
reporting year, mt CH4.
EDelay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions exempted, 
as determined in equation C-1 of Sec.  99.32, at the WEC applicable 
facility due to an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure meeting the applicability 
provisions of Sec.  99.30, mt CH4.
ERCE,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions, as 
determined pursuant to Sec.  99.43, at the WEC applicable facility 
attributable to the regulatory compliance exemption subject to the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.41, mt CH4.
EPlug,CH4 = The total quantity of annual methane 
emissions, as determined in equation E-7 of Sec.  99.52, at the WEC 
applicable facility attributable to all wells that were permanently 
shut-in and plugged during the reporting year meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt CH4.


Sec.  99.22  How will the net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated party 
be determined?

    (a) If the condition specified in Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(iv) does not 
apply for the reporting year, net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated 
party, equal to the sum of WEC applicable emissions from all facilities 
with the same WEC obligated party, as specified in Sec.  99.2, will be 
calculated using equation B-8 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.011

Where:

ENetWEC,CH4 = The net WEC emissions for the WEC obligated 
party for the reporting year, rounded to the nearest 0.01 mt 
CH4.
EWA,CH4,j = The annual methane emissions equal to, below, 
or exceeding the waste emissions thresholds (i.e., the WEC 
applicable emissions) for a WEC applicable facility, j, as 
calculated in Sec.  99.21(b) or (d) of a WEC obligated party, mt 
CH4.
N = Total number of WEC applicable facilities of a WEC obligated 
party, excluding any WEC applicable facilities for which the 
regulatory compliance exemption as specified in Sec.  99.41 applied 
for the entire reporting year.

    (b) If the condition specified in Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(iv) applies for 
the reporting year, net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated party must be 
calculated according to this paragraph (b). The net WEC emissions for 
any acquired WEC applicable facilities that were not associated with 
the parent company reported pursuant to Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(vi) will be 
calculated using equation B-8 of this section. The net WEC emissions 
for the WEC applicable facilities that were associated with the WEC 
obligated party as of December 31 of the reporting year and any 
acquired WEC applicable facilities that were associated with the parent 
company reported pursuant to Sec.  99.7(b)(1)(vi) will be calculated 
using equation B-8 of this section.

[[Page 91177]]

    (c) If net WEC emissions are calculated pursuant to paragraph (b) 
of this section, each calculated net WEC emission value will each be 
treated as a distinct net WEC emission for purposes of netting under 
Sec.  99.23 and for which the WEC obligation for the WEC obligated 
party will be determined under Sec.  99.24.


Sec.  99.23  How will the transfer of negative net WEC emissions for 
facilities under the same parent company be determined?

    (a) Subject to the requirements of this section, a WEC obligated 
party with a negative quantity of net WEC emissions, as calculated 
pursuant to Sec.  99.22, may elect to transfer negative quantities of 
net WEC emissions to another WEC obligated party sharing the same 
parent company, as indicated in the annual WEC filing for the reporting 
year submitted pursuant to Sec.  99.7 by each WEC obligated party 
involved in the transfer.
    (b) Following each transfer, the net WEC emissions of the WEC 
obligated party transferring the negative quantities of net WEC 
emissions will increase by the quantity of metric tons of 
CH4 transferred and the net WEC emissions of the WEC 
obligated party receiving the transfer will decrease by this amount. In 
no case can the net WEC emissions of the WEC obligated party 
transferring the negative quantities of net WEC emissions become a 
positive value as a result of transfers.
    (c) Each transfer of negative quantities of net WEC emissions must 
be submitted electronically in a format specified by the Administrator 
and must be approved by the designated representative of each WEC 
obligated party. Each transfer will designate the WEC obligated party 
making the transfer, the quantity of metric tons of negative emissions 
to transfer, and the WEC obligated party that is receiving the 
transfer. Each transfer must be initiated by the designated 
representative of the WEC obligated party that is transferring the 
negative quantities of net WEC emissions. The transfer shall be 
considered to have occurred at such time that the designated 
representative of the WEC obligated party that is receiving the 
transfer approves receipt of the transfer.
    (d) Transfers may occur prior to the deadline for submission of the 
WEC filing under Sec.  99.5, provided that all necessary information to 
determine net WEC emissions has been completed by both WEC obligated 
parties involved in the transfer. Transfers for a reporting year must 
be completed by the date specified in Sec.  99.7(e).
    (e) For transfers occurring after the deadline for submission of 
the WEC filing under Sec.  99.5, the WEC obligated party receiving the 
transfer must follow the provisions of Sec.  99.7(e) regarding WEC 
filing revisions and Sec.  99.8(d) regarding resubmittals that result 
in a change in WEC obligation.
    (f) If a WEC obligated party that previously transferred negative 
quantities of net WEC emissions to another WEC obligated party submits 
a revised WEC filing pursuant to Sec.  99.7(e) that results in a change 
to that WEC obligated party's net WEC emissions, the validity of any 
previously transferred negative quantities of net WEC emissions will be 
assessed as follows:
    (1) If the revised WEC filing results in a greater magnitude of 
negative quantities of net WEC emissions than in the prior WEC filing, 
those negative quantities of net WEC emissions are eligible for 
transfer subject to the requirements of this section.
    (2) If the revised WEC filing results in a decrease or elimination 
of negative quantities of net WEC emissions compared to the prior WEC 
filing (i.e., the WEC obligated party's net WEC emissions are closer to 
zero or a positive number), and the WEC obligated party had previously 
transferred negative quantities of net WEC emissions greater than the 
revised net WEC emissions, any previously transferred negative 
quantities of net WEC emissions will be invalidated such that the total 
quantity of remaining valid negative quantities of net WEC emissions 
does not exceed the revised net WEC emissions. Previously transferred 
negative quantities of net WEC emissions will be invalidated in the 
order that the transfers were approved by the designated representative 
of the WEC obligated party that received the transfer, beginning with 
the last transfer approved. Each WEC obligated party that received 
invalidated negative quantities of net WEC emissions must follow the 
provisions of Sec.  99.7(e) regarding WEC filing revisions and Sec.  
99.8(d) regarding resubmittals that result in a change in WEC 
obligation.
    (g) For each transfer of negative quantities of net WEC emissions 
between WEC obligated parties, the WEC obligated party that transferred 
negative quantities of net WEC emissions and the WEC obligated party 
that received negative quantities of net WEC emissions must maintain 
all records of the transaction, including any value exchanged, if 
applicable.
    (h) Each transfer of net WEC emissions will be denominated in 
hundredths of a metric ton of methane (i.e., 0.01 mt CH4) or 
larger order of magnitude.


Sec.  99.24  How will the WEC Obligation for a WEC obligated party be 
determined?

    (a) If the net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated party as 
determined in Sec.  99.22 and following any transfers pursuant to Sec.  
99.23 (i.e., the net WEC emissions after transfers) are less than or 
equal to zero, the WEC obligated party's WEC obligation is zero and the 
WEC obligated party is not subject to a waste emissions charge in the 
reporting year for the WEC applicable facilities included in the 
calculation of the net WEC emissions as determined in Sec.  99.22.
    (b) If the net WEC emissions for a WEC obligated party as 
determined in Sec.  99.22 and following any transfers pursuant to Sec.  
99.23 (i.e., the net WEC emissions after transfers) are greater than 
zero, the WEC obligation will be calculated according to the applicable 
provisions in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) For reporting year 2024, multiply the net WEC emissions after 
transfers by $900 per mt CH4 to determine the WEC 
obligation.
    (2) For reporting year 2025, multiply the net WEC emissions after 
transfers by $1,200 per mt CH4 to determine the WEC 
obligation.
    (3) For reporting year 2026 and each year thereafter, multiply the 
net WEC emissions after transfers by $1,500 per mt CH4 to 
determine the WEC obligation.

Subpart C--Unreasonable Delay Exemption


Sec.  99.30  Which facilities qualify for the exemption for emissions 
caused by an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure?

    (a) The WEC applicable facility must be in the offshore petroleum 
and natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segment, as those industry segment terms are 
defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter.
    (b) The total facility applicable emissions for the WEC applicable 
facility as calculated in accordance with Sec.  99.21(a) must exceed 0 
mt.
    (c) The WEC obligated party seeking to exempt a portion of its 
facility applicable emissions from a WEC applicable facility must not 
have contributed to the delay. All requests for information regarding 
the environmental permit application received by the WEC obligated 
party must not have exceeded the response time requested by, or agreed 
to by, the

[[Page 91178]]

permitting agency or exceeded 30 days if no specific response time is 
requested. The WEC obligated party seeking eligibility for the 
exemption must not be a plaintiff in a lawsuit regarding the 
environmental permit application.
    (d) The WEC applicable facility must have reported eligible methane 
emissions pursuant to Sec.  98.236 of this chapter in the reporting 
year that occurred as a result of a delay in environmental permitting 
of gathering or transmission infrastructure necessary for offtake of 
increased volume as a result of methane emissions mitigation 
implementation. These eligible methane emissions must have been in 
compliance with all applicable local, State, and Federal regulations. 
For purposes of this section, eligible methane emissions for exemption 
consist of the emissions from the increased volume of gas used as an 
onsite fuel source, used for another useful purpose that an otherwise 
purchased fuel or raw material would have served, reinjection into a 
well, or flared, if that gas would have been routed to a gas gathering 
flow line or collection system to a sales line if not for the delay in 
environmental permitting.
    (e) Thirty-six (36) months must have passed since submission of the 
technically complete environmental permit application, as documented by 
the appropriate permitting authority, to construct gathering or 
transmission infrastructure without approval or denial of the 
environmental permit application.


Sec.  99.31  What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
emissions caused by an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting 
of gathering or transmission infrastructure?

    (a) For a WEC applicable facility meeting all criteria in Sec.  
99.30(a) through (e), you may elect to report information regarding an 
exemption for unreasonable delay in permitting of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure for a given reporting year. The 
unreasonable delay exemption information to be reported is described in 
paragraph (b) of this section. The unreasonable delay exemption 
information shall be submitted as described in Sec.  99.7.
    (b) For each unreasonable delay exemption, the WEC obligated party 
must report the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (13) 
of this section.
    (1) The company name and name of the facility that submitted the 
environmental permit application to construct and/or operate gathering 
or transmission infrastructure.
    (2) For reporting year 2025 and later, for a WEC applicable 
facility in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment, as that industry segment term is defined in Sec.  98.230 of 
this chapter, the well-pad ID, as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(iii)(B) of this chapter, of each well-pad impacted by the 
unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of gathering or 
transmission infrastructure.
    (3) The date the environmental permit application request 
experiencing an unreasonable delay to build gathering or transmission 
infrastructure was submitted to the permitting authority and the date 
the permitting authority determined the application to be technically 
complete.
    (4) A certification that the WEC obligated party seeking to exempt 
a portion of its facility applicable emissions from a WEC applicable 
facility has not contributed to the unreasonable delay, has been 
responsive to the relevant permitting authority regarding the 
environmental permit application and is not a plaintiff in litigation 
related to the environmental permit application. For purposes of this 
paragraph, responsive shall be interpreted to mean that the entity has 
responded to all requests from the permitting authority within the time 
frame requested or agreed to by the relevant authority or within thirty 
(30) days if no timeframe is specified.
    (5) A listing of methane emissions mitigation activities that are 
impacted by the unreasonable permitting delay.
    (6) The estimated date to commence operation of the gathering or 
transmission infrastructure if the application had been approved within 
thirty-six (36) months.
    (7) If the application has been approved and operations commenced 
during the reporting year, the first date that offtake to the gathering 
or transmission infrastructure from the implementation of methane 
emissions mitigation occurred.
    (8) The beginning and ending date for which the eligible delay 
limited the offtake of increased volume associated with methane 
emissions mitigation activities for the reporting year as determined 
according to Sec.  99.32(a).
    (9) The increased volumes of gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation as determined according to Sec.  99.32(b), in 
thousand standard cubic feet. For reporting year 2024, report these 
values for the WEC applicable facility. For reporting year 2025 and 
later, if the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment, report these values for each 
well-pad site reported in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Report the 
increased volumes associated with each of the following:
    (i) Onsite fuel source.
    (ii) Another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw 
material would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source.
    (iii) Reinjection into a well.
    (iv) Flaring.
    (10) The quantity of methane emissions to be exempted due to the 
unreasonable delay for the reporting year calculated as specified in 
Sec.  99.32.
    (i) For a WEC applicable facility in the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment, report the following for the 
WEC applicable facility:
    (A) The result of equation C-1 of Sec.  99.32(c)(1), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (B) The quantity of methane emissions from another useful purpose 
that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, 
excluding use as an onsite fuel source, (EUse,CH4), in 
metric tons CH4.
    (C) The quantity of methane emissions from reinjection of recovered 
gas (EReinject,CH4), in metric tons CH4.
    (D) The quantity of methane emissions from flaring 
(EFlare,CH4), in metric tons CH4.
    (E) The total quantity of natural gas that was flared at the WEC 
applicable facility in the reporting year, in thousand scf.
    (ii) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment, for reporting year 2024 report 
the following for the WEC applicable facility:
    (A) The result of equation C-2 of Sec.  99.32(c)(2), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (B) The quantity of methane emissions from use as an onsite fuel 
source of increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane 
emissions mitigation implementation (EFuel,CH4), as 
calculated in equation C-5 to Sec.  99.32(c)(5), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (C) The quantity of methane emissions from another useful purpose 
that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, 
excluding use as an onsite fuel source, (EUse,CH4), as 
calculated in equation C-6 to Sec.  99.32(c)(6), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (D) The quantity of methane emissions from reinjection of increased 
volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation (EReinject,CH4), as calculated in equation C-
7 to Sec.  99.32(c)(7), in metric tons CH4.

[[Page 91179]]

    (E) The quantity of methane emissions from flaring of increased 
volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation (EFlare,CH4), as calculated in equation C-8B 
to Sec.  99.32(c)(8), in metric tons CH4.
    (iii) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment, for reporting year 2025 and 
later, report the following for each well-pad site reported in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
    (A) The result of equation C-4 of Sec.  99.32(c)(4), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (B) The quantity of methane emissions from use as an onsite fuel 
source of increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane 
emissions mitigation implementation (EFuel,CH4), as 
calculated in equation C-5 to Sec.  99.32(c)(5), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (C) The quantity of methane emissions from another useful purpose 
that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, 
excluding use as an onsite fuel source, (EUse,CH4), as 
calculated in equation C-6 to Sec.  99.32(c)(6), in metric tons 
CH4.
    (D) The quantity of methane emissions from reinjection of increased 
volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation (EReinject,CH4), as calculated in equation C-
7 to Sec.  99.32(c)(7), in metric tons CH4.
    (E) The quantity of methane emissions from flaring of increased 
volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation (EFlare,CH4), as calculated in equation C-8B 
to Sec.  99.32(c)(8), in metric tons CH4.
    (iv) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment that reported emissions from 
use as an onsite fuel source of increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation 
(EFuel,CH4), report the information specified in paragraphs 
(b)(10)(iv)(A) and (B) of this section, as applicable. For reporting 
year 2024, report each value for the WEC applicable facility. For 
reporting year 2025 and later, report the value for each well-pad site.
    (A) The quantity of methane emissions from combustion of increased 
volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation in stationary or portable fuel combustion equipment as 
calculated using the methods in Sec.  98.233(z) of this chapter 
(ECombEq,CH4), in metric tons CH4.
    (B) The total volume of natural gas combusted in reciprocating 
internal combustion engines with crankcase vents during the reporting 
year (VRICE), in thousand scf.
    (v) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment that reported emissions from 
reinjection into a well (EReinject,CH4), report the 
information specified in paragraphs (b)(10)(v)(A) and (B) of this 
section, as applicable. For reporting year 2024, report each value for 
the WEC applicable facility. For reporting year 2025 and later, report 
the value for each well-pad site.
    (A) A list including each centrifugal compressor unique name or ID 
as submitted in the part 98 report for the WEC applicable facility that 
was used in the reinjection into wells of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation (i.e., that was included in 
CountCent,Reinject of equation C-7 of this part). For 
reporting year 2024, use the values reported to Sec.  98.236(o)(1)(i) 
of this chapter. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the values 
reported to Sec.  98.236(o)(1)(ii) of this chapter.
    (B) A list of each reciprocating compressor unique name or ID as 
submitted to in the part 98 report for the WEC applicable facility that 
was used in the reinjection into wells of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation (i.e., that was included in 
CountRecip,Reinject of equation C-7 of this part). For 
reporting year 2024, use the values reported to Sec.  98.236(p)(1)(i) 
of this chapter. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the values 
reported to Sec.  98.236(p)(1)(ii) of this chapter.
    (vi) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment that reported emissions from 
flaring (EFlare,CH4), report the information specified in 
paragraphs (b)(10)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section for all reporting 
years. For reporting year 2025 and later, report the information 
specified in paragraph (b)(10)(vi)(C) of this section. For reporting 
year 2024, report the information specified in paragraph (b)(10)(vi)(A) 
for the WEC applicable facility. For reporting year 2025 and later, 
report the information specified in paragraph (b)(10)(vi)(A) for each 
well-pad site.
    (A) The unique name or ID as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(n)(1) of this chapter for each flare stack that flared gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation.
    (B) For each flare stack reported to paragraph (b)(10)(vi)(A) of 
this section, report the volume of natural gas resulting from methane 
emissions mitigation implementation that was flared at that flare as 
determined according to Sec.  99.32(b)(4), in thousand scf.
    (C) For each flare stack reported to paragraph (b)(10)(vi)(A) of 
this section, indicate if flow for each stream to the flare was 
measured or determined in accordance with Sec.  98.233(n)(3)(ii) of 
this chapter and that stream or combination of streams contained only 
flow resulting from the environmental permit delay. If so, report the 
unique ID as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(n)(3) of this chapter 
for each stream that contained only flow resulting from the 
environmental permit delay.
    (vii) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment that reported emissions from 
another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material 
would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, 
(EUse,CH4) and/or emissions from reinjection into a well 
(EReinject,CH4) and quantified the equipment leaks 
associated with either/both use(s), report the information specified in 
paragraphs (b)(10)(vii)(A) through (F) of this section, as applicable. 
For reporting year 2024, report this information for the WEC applicable 
facility. For reporting year 2025 and later, report this information 
for each well-pad site. Report separately the information specified in 
paragraphs (b)(10)(vii)(A) through (F) of this section, as applicable, 
related to another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or 
raw material would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, 
and related to reinjection into a well.
    (A) Indicate the method used to calculate equipment leak emissions 
(i.e., Sec.  99.32(c)(9)(i), (ii), or (iii)).
    (B) If the method in Sec.  99.32(c)(9)(i) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions, you must report the following information for 
each leak: the leak detection survey method used, component type as 
reported in Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter, the volumetric flow rate 
of the natural gas leak in standard cubic feet per hour and the 
duration of the measured leak as determined in accordance with Sec.  
99.32(c)(9)(i), in hours. The measured leak rate, the component type 
and duration of measured leaks must only include those components 
associated with another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel 
or raw material would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel 
source, or associated with reinjection into a well.
    (C) If the method in Sec.  99.32(c)(9)(ii) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions, you must report the following information for 
each

[[Page 91180]]

component identified as leaking: the leak detection survey method used, 
the component type as specified in Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) of this 
chapter and the time the surveyed component is assumed to be leaking 
and operational, in hours. The component type and time the surveyed 
components are assumed to be leaking and operational must only include 
those components associated with another useful purpose that an 
otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, excluding 
use as an onsite fuel source, or associated with reinjection into a 
well.
    (D) If the method in Sec.  99.32(c)(9)(iii) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions, you must report the counts of each component 
type listed in Sec.  98.233(r)(2) of this chapter that are associated 
with a useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material 
would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, or 
associated with reinjection into a well.
    (E) The mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the 
sub-basin in which the useful purpose or reinjection occurred, as 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter, 
unitless. For RY2024, if multiple sub-basins were impacted by the 
unreasonable delay, report the value of the flow-weighted average mole 
fraction for the sub-basins in which the useful purpose or reinjection 
occurred.
    (F) The equipment leak emissions qualifying for exemption from 
another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material 
would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, or 
reinjection into a well as calculated in accordance with paragraphs 
Sec.  99.32(c)(9)(i), (ii), or (iii), metric tons CH4.
    (11) A certification of the facility's compliance with all 
applicable local, State, and Federal regulations regarding emissions 
from the activities listed in Sec.  99.30(d) that occurred as a result 
of a delay in environmental permitting of gathering or transmission 
infrastructure.
    (12) For each environmental permit relevant to the exemption, the 
name/type of permit, permitting agency, contact information at the 
permitting agency, and a link to information on the permit (e.g., 
available through the permitting agency), if available.
    (13) Upon request, any other documentation deemed necessary by the 
Administrator to verify eligibility under this section.


Sec.  99.32  How are the methane emissions caused by an unreasonable 
delay in environmental permitting of gathering or transmission 
infrastructure quantified?

    (a) Determine the time period, in days, associated with the 
emissions that occurred as a result of the eligible delay within the 
reporting year as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) The start date of the emissions caused by the delay in the 
reporting year is the latter of January 1 of the reporting year, or the 
date on which emissions would have been avoided through commencement of 
the operation of the gathering or transmission infrastructure if the 
environmental permit application to construct and/or operate the 
gathering or transmission infrastructure had been approved within 36 
months as specified in Sec.  99.31(b)(6).
    (2) The end time of the emissions caused by the delay in the 
reporting year is the earlier of December 31 of the reporting year or 
the date the emissions caused by the unreasonable delay ended because 
the infrastructure commenced operation.
    (b) Determine by engineering estimates based upon best available 
information the increased volume of gas, in thousand standard cubic 
feet, resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation during 
the time period determined in paragraph (a) of this section associated 
with each of the activities listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of 
this section. If the WEC applicable facility is in the offshore 
petroleum and natural gas production industry segment, determine these 
values for the WEC applicable facility in every reporting year. If the 
WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production industry segment, for reporting year 2024 determine these 
values for the WEC applicable facility, and for reporting year 2025 and 
later determine these values for each well-pad site impacted by the 
unreasonable delay.
    (1) Onsite fuel source.
    (2) Another useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw 
material would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source.
    (3) Reinjection into a well.
    (4) Flaring. Determine this value in accordance with this paragraph 
(4)(i), (ii), or (iii), as applicable. For the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment flaring volumes must be 
determined for each flare that received an increased volume of gas 
resulting from the environmental permit delay and then totaled for the 
WEC applicable facility or well-pad site, as applicable.
    (i) If the WEC applicable facility is in the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment determine by engineering 
estimate based upon best available information.
    (ii) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment for reporting year 2024, 
determine by engineering estimate based upon best available information 
the portion of the flow reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(n)(4) of this 
chapter attributable to the environmental permit delay for each flare 
that received an increased volume of gas. If a continuous emissions 
monitoring system (CEMS) was used to measure emissions from the flare 
as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(n)(12) of this chapter, do not 
determine a volume of gas for that flare.
    (iii) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum 
and natural gas production industry segment for reporting year 2025 and 
later, for each flare that received an increased volume of gas 
attributable to the environmental permit delay, if flow for each stream 
to the flare is measured or determined in accordance with Sec.  
98.233(n)(3)(ii) of this chapter and that stream or combination of 
streams contain only flow resulting from the environmental permit 
delay, use the flow for those streams as reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(11) of this chapter. If flow is measured at the inlet to the 
flare in accordance with Sec.  98.233(n)(3)(i) of this chapter or the 
stream flow measured or determined in accordance with Sec.  
98.233(n)(3)(ii) of this chapter includes flow unrelated to the 
environmental permit delay, use an engineering estimate based upon best 
available information of the portion of flow resulting from the 
environmental permit delay.
    (c) For each well-pad site or offshore platform at a WEC applicable 
facility impacted by an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting 
of gathering or transmission infrastructure, you must calculate the 
emissions that occurred at the well-pad site or offshore platform that 
were caused by the unreasonable delay according to paragraphs (c)(1) 
through (9) of this section, as applicable.
    (1) For a WEC applicable facility in the offshore petroleum and 
natural gas production industry segment, as that industry segment term 
is defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, equation C-1 of this 
section must be used to calculate the WEC applicable facility 
unreasonable delay emissions.

[[Page 91181]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.012

Where:

EDelay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure during the reporting year 
at a WEC applicable facility meeting the applicability provisions of 
Sec.  99.30, mt CH4.
EUse,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from another useful purpose that an otherwise 
purchased fuel or raw material would have served, excluding use as 
an onsite fuel source, mt CH4. For reporting year 2024, 
use best available data to determine the portion of fugitive 
emissions reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(s)(2) of this chapter 
for the reporting year that were associated with another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source. For reporting year 
2025 and later, use the applicable portion of the value reported to 
Sec.  98.236(s)(3)(ii) of this chapter for the reporting year.
EReinject,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from reinjection of recovered gas, mt 
CH4. For reporting year 2024, use best available data to 
determine the portion fugitive emissions reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(s)(2) of this chapter for the reporting year that were 
associated with reinjection of recovered gas. For reporting year 
2025 and later, use the applicable portion of the value reported to 
Sec.  98.236(s)(3)(ii) of this chapter for the reporting year.
Td = The time period associated with the eligible delay 
within the reporting year, as determined pursuant to Sec.  99.32(a), 
in days.
T = The number of days in the reporting year. Use 365, or for leap 
years, 366.
EFlare,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from flaring, mt CH4. For reporting 
year 2024, use the value reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(s)(2) of 
this chapter for the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 and 
later, use the value reported to Sec.  98.236(s)(3)(ii) of this 
chapter for the reporting year.
VMM,Flare = The volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation that was flared as 
determined pursuant to Sec.  99.32(b)(4)(i), in thousand scf.
VWAF,Flare = The total quantity of natural gas that was 
flared at the WEC applicable facility in the reporting year, in 
thousand scf.

    (2) For reporting year 2024, for a WEC applicable facility in the 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry segment, as that 
industry segment term is defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, 
equation C-2 of this section must be used to calculate the WEC 
applicable facility unreasonable delay emissions.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.013

Where:

EDelay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure during the reporting year 
at a WEC applicable facility meeting the applicability provisions of 
Sec.  99.30, mt CH4.
EFuel,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from combustion of the increased volume of natural 
gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
EUse,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from the increased volume of natural gas resulting 
from methane emissions mitigation implementation used for another 
useful purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material 
would have served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(6) of this section.
EReinject,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from reinjection of the increased volume of 
natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation as calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(7) of 
this section.
EFlare,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from flaring of the increased volume of natural 
gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(8) of this section, mt 
CH4.

    (3) For reporting year 2025 and later, for a WEC applicable 
facility in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment, as that industry segment term is defined in Sec.  98.230 of 
this chapter, equation C-3 of this section must be used to calculate 
the WEC applicable facility unreasonable delay emissions.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.014

Where:

EDelay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions at the WEC 
applicable facility attributable to unreasonable delay during the 
reporting year meeting the applicability provisions of Sec.  99.30, 
mt CH4.
EWP-Delay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to a well-pad site ``i'' that met the applicability 
provisions of Sec.  99.30 during the reporting year calculated using 
equation C-4 of this section.
N = Total number of well-pad sites that met the applicability 
provisions of Sec.  99.30 during the reporting year at a WEC 
applicable facility.

    (4) For reporting year 2025, for a WEC applicable facility in the 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry segment, as that 
industry segment term is defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, 
equation C-4 of this section must be used to calculate the unreasonable 
delay emissions for each affected well-pad site.

[[Page 91182]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.015

Where:

EWP-Delay,CH4 = The annual quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to a well-pad site impacted by an unreasonable delay in 
environmental permitting of gathering or transmission infrastructure 
during the reporting year at a WEC applicable facility meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.30, mt CH4.
EFuel,CH4 = The well-pad site quantity of methane 
emissions from use as an onsite fuel source of the increased volume 
of natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation as calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(5) of 
this section.
EUse,CH4 = The well-pad site quantity of methane 
emissions from the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation used for another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, as calculated in 
accordance with paragraph (c)(6) of this section.
EReinject,CH4 = The well-pad site quantity of methane 
emissions from reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(7) of this section.
EFlare,CH4 = The well-pad site quantity of methane 
emissions from flaring of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(8) of this 
section, mt CH4.

    (5) If a portion, or all, of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation was used as an onsite fuel 
source, equation C-5 of this section must be used to calculate the 
quantity of methane emissions from use as an onsite fuel source of 
increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.016

Where:

EFuel,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from use as 
an onsite fuel source of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation, mt 
CH4.
ECombEq,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from use 
as an onsite fuel source of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation in 
stationary or portable fuel combustion equipment, mt CH4. 
Use the methods in Sec.  98.233(z) of this chapter to calculate the 
methane emissions from the use as an onsite fuel source in 
stationary or portable equipment of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation.
ECCV,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility sum quantity of 
methane emissions from crankcase venting, mt CH4. For 
reporting year 2024, use a value of 0. For reporting year 2025 and 
later, use the sum total of the values reported to Sec.  
98.236(ee)(2)(ii) and (ee)(3)(iv) of this chapter for the reporting 
year.
VCombusted = The volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation that was used as an 
onsite fuel source as determined pursuant to Sec.  99.32(b)(1), in 
thousand scf.
VRICE = The total volume of natural gas combusted in 
reciprocating internal combustion engines with crankcase vents 
during the reporting year, in thousand scf.

    (6) If a portion, or all, of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation was used for another useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served, excluding use as an onsite fuel source, equation C-6 of this 
section must be used to calculate the quantity of methane emissions 
from the use of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.017

Where:

EUse,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from the 
increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation used for another useful purpose that an 
otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have served, 
excluding use as an onsite fuel source as calculated in accordance 
with paragraph (c)(5) of this section, mt CH4.
ELeaks-Use,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from 
equipment leaks from components involved in the useful purpose as 
calculated in accordance with paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iii) of 
this section, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt 
CH4. When determining the equipment leak emissions, use 
only the equipment components that were involved in the useful 
purpose that an otherwise purchased fuel or raw material would have 
served during the eligible delay.

    (7) If a portion, or all, of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation was reinjected into a well, 
equation C-7 of this section must be used to calculate the quantity of 
methane emissions from reinjection of the increased volume of natural 
gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.018


Where:
EReinject,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions 
from reinjection into a well of increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation, mt 
CH4.
ECent,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions from 
centrifugal compressors, mt CH4. For reporting year 2024, 
use the sum total of the values reported to Sec.  
98.236(o)(2)(ii)(D)(2) and (o)(5)(iii) of this chapter for the WEC 
applicable

[[Page 91183]]

facility. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the sum total of 
the values reported to Sec.  98.236(o)(2)(ii)(D)(2) and (o)(5)(iv) 
of this chapter for the well-pad site.
CountCent,Reinject = The count of centrifugal compressors 
used in the reinjection into wells of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation. For reporting year 
2024, use the count associated with the WEC applicable facility for 
the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the count 
associated with the well-pad site for the reporting year.
CountCent,Total = The total count of centrifugal 
compressors reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(o)(1) of this chapter. 
For reporting year 2024, use the quantity reported at the WEC 
applicable facility for the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 
and later, use the quantity reported for the well-pad site.
ERecip,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions from 
reciprocating compressors, mt CH4. For reporting year 
2024, use the sum total of the values reported to Sec.  
98.236(p)(2)(ii)(D)(2) and (p)(5)(iii) of this chapter for the WEC 
applicable facility. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the sum 
total of the values reported to Sec.  98.236(p)(2)(ii)(D)(2) and 
(p)(5)(iv) of this chapter for the well-pad site.
CountRecip,Reinject = The count of reciprocating 
compressors used in the reinjection into wells of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation. For 
reporting year 2024, use the count associated with the WEC 
applicable facility for the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 
and later, use the count associated with the well-pad site.
CountRecip,Total = The total count of reciprocating 
compressors reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(o)(1) of this chapter. 
For reporting year 2024, use the quantity reported at the WEC 
applicable facility for the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 
and later, use the quantity reported for the well-pad site.
Td = The time period associated with the eligible delay 
within the reporting year, as determined pursuant to Sec.  99.32(a), 
in days.
T = The number of days in the reporting year. Use 365, or for leap 
years, 366.
ELeaks-Reinject,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
from equipment leaks from components involved in reinjection as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (c)(9)(i) through (iii) of 
this section, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt 
CH4. When determining the equipment leaks use only the 
equipment components that were involved in reinjection during the 
eligible delay.

    (8) If a portion, or all, of the increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation was flared, equation C-8A 
of this section must be used to calculate the quantity of methane 
emissions from flaring of increased volume of natural gas resulting 
from methane emissions mitigation implementation for each associated 
flare. For reporting year 2024, if a CEMS was used to measure emissions 
from an associated flare as reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(12) of this 
part, do not determine methane emissions for that flare. Equation C-8B 
of this section must be used to calculate the quantity of methane 
emissions from flaring of increased volume of natural gas resulting 
from methane emissions mitigation implementation for the WEC applicable 
facility or well-pad site, as applicable.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.019

Where:

EFlare,i,CH4 = The quantity of 
methane emissions from flaring of increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation for an 
individual flare, mt CH4.
VFlared = The volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation that was flared at the 
flare as determined pursuant to Sec.  98.32(b)(4)(ii) or (iii) of 
this chapter, as applicable, scf.
XCH4 = Mole fraction of CH4 in the gas sent to 
the flare. For reporting year 2024, use the value reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(7) of this chapter. For reporting year 2025 and later, if 
you determine composition of each stream routed to the flare as 
specified in Sec.  98.233(n)(4)(iii) of this chapter and the stream 
or combination of streams contain only the flow resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation, use the mole fraction 
as reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(14) of this chapter (if using 
multiple streams, use the flow-weighted average mole fraction). 
Otherwise, for reporting year 2025 and later, use the average mole 
fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the sub-basin in 
which the well-pad site at which methane emissions mitigation 
implementation occurred as reported to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of 
this chapter.
O = Flare destruction efficiency for the flare. For reporting year 
2024, use the flare combustion efficiency reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(6) of this chapter. For reporting year 2025 and later, use 
the flare destruction efficiency reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(13) of 
this chapter.
ZL = Fraction of the feed gas sent to the burning flare, 
equal to 1--ZU of this section.
ZU = Fraction of the feed gas sent to the flare when it 
was un-lit. For reporting year 2024, use the value reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(5) of this chapter. For reporting year 2025 and later, use 
the value reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(12) of this chapter.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane at 60 [deg]F and 14.7 psia. 
Use 0.0192 kg/ft\3\.
10-3 = Conversion from kilograms to metric tons.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.020

Where:

EFlare,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from 
flaring of increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane 
emissions mitigation implementation, mt CH4.
EFlare,i,CH4 = The quantity of 
methane emissions from flaring of increased volume of natural gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation for each 
associated flare, i, as determined using equation C-8A of this 
section, mt CH4.
M = Total number of flares that received an increased volume of gas 
resulting from methane emissions mitigation implementation.

    (9) You must quantify equipment leak methane emissions from 
components involved in the useful purpose or reinjection of the 
increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation at the WEC applicable facility in accordance 
with the methods in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iii) of this section. 
You must use the same calculation method for equipment leaks reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) or (r) of this chapter in the part 98 
report associated with the components involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation at the WEC applicable 
facility.

[[Page 91184]]

    (i) If equipment leak surveys and measurement were used to quantify 
methane emissions from components involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation and reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter in the part 98 report for a WEC 
applicable facility, you must calculate the methane emissions (i.e., 
EMeasured Leak, CH4) for each leak in accordance with 
equation C-9A of this section. The sum of the quantified methane 
emissions from components involved in the useful purpose or reinjection 
of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation calculated in accordance with equation C-9A 
of this section shall be considered ``ELeaks-Use, CH4'' and 
``ELeaks-Reinject, CH4'' in Equations C-6 and C-7 of this 
section, as applicable.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.021

Where:

EMeasured Leak,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to a measured leak emissions from components involved 
in the useful purpose or reinjection of the increased volume of 
natural gas resulting from methane emissions mitigation 
implementation, mt CH4.
p = Component type as reported in accordance with Sec.  98.236(q) of 
this chapter, as applicable.
z = An individual component involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of type ``p'' detected as leaking and measured any leak 
survey during the year.
Qp,z = Volumetric flow rate of the natural gas leak for 
component ``z'' of component type ``p'' converted to standard 
conditions according to Sec.  98.233(q)(3)(iii) of this chapter, scf 
whole gas/hour/component, as applicable.
MCH4 = The mole fraction of CH4 in produced 
gas for the well. For onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
wells, use the mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for 
the sub-basin associated with the well, as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter, unitless. For RY2024, if 
multiple sub-basins were impacted by the unreasonable delay, use the 
flow-weighted average mole fraction.
Tp,z = The total time the surveyed component ``z'' of 
component type ``p'' was assumed to be leaking. If one leak 
detection survey is conducted in the calendar year, assume the 
component was leaking from the beginning of the delay period as 
determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(1) until the date the 
delay ended as determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(2), 
days. If multiple leak detection surveys are conducted in the 
calendar year, assume a component found leaking in the first survey 
was leaking since the beginning of the year until the date of the 
survey; assume a component found leaking in the last survey of the 
year was leaking from the preceding survey through the date the 
delay ended as determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(2), 
days; assume a component found leaking in a survey between the first 
and last surveys of the year was leaking since the preceding survey 
until the date of the survey, days; and sum times for all leaking 
periods. For each leaking component, account for time the component 
was not operational (i.e., not operating under pressure) using an 
engineering estimate based on best available data.
k = The factor to adjust for undetected leaks by respective leak 
detection method. For reporting year 2024, k equals 1. For reporting 
year 2025 and later, k equals 1.25 for the methods in Sec.  
98.234(a)(1), (3) and (5) of this chapter; k equals 1.55 for the 
method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(i) of this chapter; and k equals 1.27 
for the method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(ii) of this chapter. Select the 
factor for the leak detection method used for the permanently shut-
in and plugged well, unitless.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.

    (ii) If equipment leak surveys were used to quantify methane 
emissions from components involved in the useful purpose or reinjection 
of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from methane emissions 
mitigation implementation and reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) of 
this chapter in the part 98 report for a WEC applicable facility, 
equation C-9B of this section must be used to calculate 
ELeaks,CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.022

Where:

ELeaks,CH4 = The annual quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to components involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
p = Component type as specified in Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) of this 
chapter.
Np = The number of component types with detected leaks 
involved in the useful purpose or reinjection.
EFp = The leaker emission factor for component ``p'' as 
specified in Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) of this chapter, scf whole gas/
hour/component.
24 = Conversion from days to hours.
MCH4 = The mole fraction of CH4 in produced 
gas for the sub-basin in which the useful purpose or reinjection 
occurred, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this 
chapter, unitless. For RY2024, if multiple sub-basins were impacted 
by the unreasonable delay, use the flow-weighted average mole 
fraction.
xp = The total number of specific components involved in 
the useful purpose or reinjection of type ``p'' detected as leaking 
during the year. A component found leaking in two or more surveys 
during the year is counted as one leaking component.
Tp,z = The total time the surveyed component ``z'' of 
component type ``p'' was assumed to be leaking. If one leak 
detection survey is conducted in the calendar year, assume the 
component was leaking from the beginning of the delay period as 
determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(1) until the date the 
delay ended as determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(2), 
days. If multiple leak detection surveys are conducted in the 
calendar year, assume a component found leaking in the first survey 
was leaking since the beginning of the year until the date of the 
survey; assume a component found leaking in the last survey of the 
year was leaking from the preceding survey through the date the 
delay ended as determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a)(2), 
days; assume a component found leaking in a survey between the first 
and last surveys

[[Page 91185]]

of the year was leaking since the preceding survey until the date of 
the survey, days; and sum times for all leaking periods. For each 
leaking component, account for time the component was not 
operational (i.e., not operating under pressure) using an 
engineering estimate based on best available data.
k = The factor to adjust for undetected leaks by respective leak 
detection method. For reporting year 2024, k equals 1. For reporting 
year 2025 and later, k equals 1.25 for the methods in Sec.  
98.234(a)(1), (3) and (5) of this chapter; k equals 1.55 for the 
method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(i) of this chapter; and k equals 1.27 
for the method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(ii) of this chapter. Select the 
factor for the leak detection method used for the permanently shut-
in and plugged well, unitless.
    [rho]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.

    (iii) If equipment leaks by population count were used to quantify 
methane emission from components involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation and reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(r) of this chapter in the part 98 report for a WEC 
applicable facility, equation C-9C of this section must be used to 
calculate ELeaks,CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.023

    Where:

ELeaks,CH4 = The annual quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to components involved in the useful purpose or 
reinjection of the increased volume of natural gas resulting from 
methane emissions mitigation implementation as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(r) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
Countp = For each component type, ``p'', listed in Sec.  
98.233(r)(2) of this chapter that was involved in the useful purpose 
or reinjection, count the number of components of that type.
EFp = The population emission factor for the component 
type, ``p'', as listed in Sec.  98.233(r)(2) of this chapter.
MCH4 = The mole fraction of CH4 in produced 
gas for the sub-basin in which the useful purpose or reinjection 
occurred, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this 
chapter, unitless. For RY2024, if multiple sub-basins were impacted 
by the unreasonable delay, use the flow-weighted average mole 
fraction.
T = The time period of the eligible delay within the reporting year, 
as determined in accordance with Sec.  99.32(a), days.
24 = Conversion from days to hours.
[Rgr]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.


Sec.  99.33  What are the recordkeeping requirements for methane 
emissions caused by an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting 
of gathering or transmission infrastructure?

    (a) If the WEC obligated party, or its subsidiaries, is the entity 
seeking the environmental permit, for each communication the entity 
seeking the environmental permit has had with the permitting authority 
regarding the permit application:
    (1) The date and type of communication.
    (2) The date of the facility's response to the communication.
    (3) Information on whether the facility's response included 
modification to the permit application.
    (b) Records of values used and any information relied upon in the 
calculation of the emissions attributable to the unreasonable delay in 
Sec.  99.32(c).
    (c) For any volumes of gas determined under Sec.  99.32(b) that 
were not directly measured, an explanation of how company records, 
engineering estimation, and/or best available information were used to 
determine the gas volume.
    (d) A list of all applicable local, State, and Federal regulations 
the WEC obligated party certified compliance with, as required in Sec.  
99.31(b)(11), regarding emissions from the activities listed in Sec.  
99.30(d) that occurred as a result of a delay in environmental 
permitting of gathering or transmission infrastructure.

Subpart D--Regulatory Compliance Exemption


Sec.  99.40  When is the regulatory compliance exemption available, and 
under what conditions does the exemption cease to be available?

    (a) The requirements of this subpart only apply to a WEC applicable 
facility when the total facility applicable emissions for that WEC 
applicable facility as calculated in accordance with Sec.  99.21(a) 
exceed 0 mt CH4.
    (b) The requirements of Sec.  99.41 shall only be available when 
the conditions of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section are 
met. The Administrator shall make the determinations referenced in 
conditions (b)(1) and (2) of this section simultaneously for each 
individual State or Tribal lands in a single administrative action.
    (1) A determination has been made by the Administrator that methane 
emissions standards and plans pursuant to subsections (b) and (d) of 
section 111 of the CAA have been approved and are in effect in all the 
State(s) or Tribal lands in which the WEC applicable facility is 
located; and
    (2) A determination has been made by the Administrator that the 
emissions reductions achieved by compliance with the requirements 
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section will result in equivalent 
or greater emissions reductions as would be achieved by the proposed 
rule of the Administrator entitled `Standards of Performance for New, 
Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for 
Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review' (86 FR 
63110; November 15, 2021), if such rule had been finalized and 
implemented. For purposes of this equivalency determination, the 
comparison will be made between the emissions reductions that would 
have been achieved if the proposed rule was finalized and implemented 
in each State or Tribal lands as proposed, and the emissions reductions 
that will be achieved when the final standards and plans are actually 
implemented in each State.
    (3) The final compliance date, which is the date at which all 
affected facilities and all designated facilities become subject to all 
of the final methane emissions standards established pursuant to CAA 
section 111(b) or (d), as applicable, has passed in the State(s) or 
Tribal lands in which the WEC applicable facility is located.
    (c) At such time that the conditions specified in paragraphs (b)(1) 
through (3) of this section are met, the reporting requirements of 
Sec.  99.42 shall come into effect beginning with the WEC filing due on 
the date specified in Sec.  99.5 for the calendar year following the 
calendar year in which all of the conditions were met. Imposition of 
the waste emission charge shall not be made on the emissions from an 
applicable facility meeting the requirements for regulatory compliance 
exemption and electing to claim such exemption for methane emissions 
that occurred during the

[[Page 91186]]

calendar year during which the conditions of paragraphs (b)(1) through 
(3) of this section are met.
    (d) If any of the conditions in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this 
section cease to apply after the Administrator has made the 
determinations in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for the 
State(s) or Tribal lands in which the WEC applicable facility is 
located, the reporting requirements of Sec.  99.42 shall cease to be in 
effect for the WEC applicable facility beginning with the WEC filing 
due on the date specified in Sec.  99.5 for the calendar year during 
which either of the conditions were no longer met. The reporting 
requirements of Sec.  99.42 shall cease to be in effect until the 
conditions of paragraph (e) of this section are met.
    (e) The reporting requirements of Sec.  99.42 will again come into 
effect at such time that a subsequent determination is made by the 
Administrator that the conditions in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this 
section apply for the State(s) or Tribal lands in which the WEC 
applicable facility is located, and after the final compliance date 
specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The reporting 
requirements of Sec.  99.42 will again come into effect in accordance 
with the timing specified in paragraph (c) of this section until such 
time the conditions of paragraph (d) of this section apply.


Sec.  99.41  Which facilities qualify for the exemption for regulatory 
compliance?

    (a) The total facility applicable emissions for the WEC applicable 
facility as calculated in accordance with Sec.  99.21(a) must exceed 0 
mt.
    (b) The WEC applicable facility must be located in a State(s) or 
Tribal lands for which the conditions specified in Sec.  99.40 were met 
for the reporting year. For WEC applicable facilities in the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural 
gas gathering and boosting industry segments, as those industry segment 
terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, a WEC applicable 
facility is considered to be located in each State or Tribal lands 
within which a well-pad site or gathering and boosting site, as 
applicable, was reported pursuant to Sec. Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(iv)(C) or 
(aa)(10)(v)(E) of this chapter, as applicable, for the reporting year. 
For WEC applicable facilities that are located in more than one State 
or Tribal lands, the conditions specified in Sec.  99.40 must be met 
for each State or Tribal lands.
    (c) The WEC applicable facility must contain one or more affected 
facilities or one or more designated facilities.
    (d) For WEC applicable facilities meeting the eligibility criteria 
of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section for which the WEC 
obligated party elects to claim for exemption any emissions related to 
regulatory compliance, the quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to regulatory compliance must be determined pursuant to Sec.  99.43. To 
qualify for exemption of all emissions under the regulatory compliance 
exemption all affected facilities and all designated facilities that 
are located at the WEC applicable facility (or the well-pad site or 
gathering and boosting site, if applicable) must meet the conditions 
specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section during each 
calendar quarter (i.e., January 1-March 31) of the reporting year for 
which the exemption is being claimed.
    (1) For all affected facilities and all designated facilities 
located at the WEC applicable facility (or the well-pad site or 
gathering and boosting site, if applicable) no deviations or violations 
of the monitoring requirements, emission limits or standards (or 
surrogate parameters), operating limits (including operating parameter 
limits), or work practice standards were identified in compliance 
reports of the methane emissions requirements of part 60 of this 
chapter and the methane emissions requirements of an applicable 
approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan in part 62 of this chapter 
during the reporting year.
    (2) For all affected facilities and all designated facilities 
located at the WEC applicable facility (or the well-pad site or 
gathering and boosting site, if applicable) no violations, as 
determined either through an administrative action taken by the 
Administrator or delegated agency or through a judicial action, of any 
requirements of part 60 of this chapter and the methane emissions 
requirements of an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan 
in part 62 of this chapter during the reporting year.
    (e) For purposes of this part, the phrase ``affected facility(ies) 
or designated facility(ies) that are located at the WEC applicable 
facility'' means the affected facility(ies) or designated facility(ies) 
that was (were) part of the WEC applicable facility as of December 31 
of the reporting year as well as any facility(ies) that was (were) 
decommissioned during the reporting year without being transferred to 
another facility.


Sec.  99.42  What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
regulatory compliance?

    (a) Facilities that qualify to report. For a WEC applicable 
facility that meets each of the criteria described in Sec.  99.41(a) 
through (d) and elects to claim for exemption any emissions related to 
regulatory compliance, report the information as described in 
paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section, as applicable. The 
regulatory compliance exemption information shall be submitted as 
described in Sec.  99.7.
    (b) Submission of reports. For each WEC applicable facility report 
all of the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of 
this section, as applicable.
    (1) For each WEC applicable facility, the final compliance date as 
determined in accordance with Sec.  99.40(b)(3) and a certification 
that the facility meets all of the eligibility criteria in Sec.  99.41.
    (2) The ICIS-AIR ID (or Facility Registry Service (FRS) ID if the 
ICIS-AIR ID is not available) and the EPA Registry ID from CEDRI 
associated with each affected facility and designated facility that are 
located at the WEC applicable facility. For WEC applicable facilities 
in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production or onshore 
petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segments, as 
those industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this 
chapter, indicate the well-pad site ID(s) or gathering and boosting 
site ID(s), as reported to Sec.  98.236 of this chapter, that is/are 
part of each affected facility and/or designated facility.
    (3) If a report, or reports, prepared and submitted in accordance 
with part 60 of this chapter, or an applicable approved State, Tribal, 
or Federal plan under part 62 of this chapter that implements the 
emission guidelines contained in part 60 of this chapter, cover the 
complete reporting year (i.e., January 1 through December 31, 
inclusive), then submit as attachment(s) the applicable report(s). This 
report, or reports, must include all affected facilities or designated 
facilities that are located at the WEC applicable facility.
    (4) If a report, or reports, prepared and submitted in accordance 
with part 60 of this chapter, or an applicable approved State, Tribal, 
or Federal plan under part 62 of this chapter that implements the 
emission guidelines contained in part 60 of this chapter, does not 
cover the complete reporting year (i.e., January 1 through December 31, 
inclusive), then submit as attachment(s) the applicable report(s). This 
report, or reports, must include all affected facilities or

[[Page 91187]]

designated facilities that are located at the WEC applicable facility.
    (5) For each report submitted under this section, provide an 
indication of whether the report indicates that at least one of the 
affected facilities subject to the requirements of part 60 of this 
chapter or designated facilities subject to the requirements of an 
applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan in part 62 of this 
chapter that is contained within the WEC applicable facility does not 
meet the conditions of Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2).
    (6) For each report submitted under this section, indicate if the 
report includes one or more affected facilities or designated 
facilities that are not located at the WEC applicable facility. If so, 
indicate each such affected facility or designated facility. For each 
affected facility or designated facility, indicate if the affected or 
designated facility was part of the WEC applicable facility for part of 
the reporting year and transferred to another facility prior to 
December 31 of the reporting year or if the affected or designated 
facility was not part of the WEC applicable at any time during the 
reporting year.
    (c) Submission of incomplete or partial year reports. If, pursuant 
to paragraph (b)(4) of this section, you are unable to provide an 
annual report covering the entire reporting year at the time of the 
initial submittal specified in Sec.  99.5 for each affected facility or 
designated facility at the WEC applicable facility, you must provide a 
certification of the compliance status for each such affected facility 
or designated facility for the duration of time not covered by a report 
submitted pursuant to paragraph (b)(4) of this section. Additionally, 
you must provide a revised WEC filing within 30 calendar days of the 
date that an annual report covering the entire reporting year is 
required to be submitted under the applicable requirements of part 60 
of this chapter or an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal 
plan in part 62 of this chapter. This requirement also applies in the 
case where the initial WEC filing contains an annual report covering 
only a portion of the reporting year. Within 30 calendar days of the 
date that an annual report is due under the applicable requirements of 
part 60 of this chapter or an applicable approved State, Tribal, or 
Federal plan in part 62 of this chapter for the portion of the 
reporting year for which a previously submitted report does not cover, 
you must provide a revised WEC filing including the subsequent annual 
report. The resubmission of the revised WEC filing shall be considered 
timely under this paragraph (c) if it is made within 30 calendar days 
of the date that the annual report is due under the applicable 
requirements of part 60 of this chapter or an applicable approved 
State, Tribal, or Federal plan in part 62 of this chapter. In such 
cases where a newly available report indicates that an affected 
facility or designated facility does not meet the conditions of Sec.  
99.41(d)(1) or (2) that were not previously indicated in the WEC filing 
for the reporting year (i.e., the WEC applicable facility would no 
longer qualify for the regulatory compliance exemption for the given 
calendar quarter(s)), a WEC applicable facility would be required to 
complete the reporting requirements in Sec.  99.42(d) and (e), as 
applicable, in the revised WEC filing and the emissions attributable to 
regulatory compliance exemption must be recalculated pursuant to Sec.  
99.43. The WEC obligated party must determine the WEC applicable 
emissions for the WEC applicable facility pursuant to subpart B of this 
part and follow the provisions of Sec.  99.7(e) regarding WEC filing 
revisions and Sec.  99.8(d) regarding resubmittals that result in a 
change in WEC obligation.
    (d) For reports that indicate a deviation or violation. For each 
report submitted pursuant to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section 
that indicates that at least one of the affected facilities subject to 
the requirements of part 60 of this chapter or designated facilities 
subject to the requirements of an applicable approved State, Tribal, or 
Federal plan in part 62 of this chapter that is contained within the 
WEC applicable facility does not meet the conditions for the exemption 
of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2), report the following:
    (1) The ICIS-AIR ID (or FRS ID if the ICIS-AIR ID is not available) 
and the EPA Registry ID from CEDRI associated with each affected 
facility and designated facility in the report that indicated a 
deviation or violation. For WEC applicable facilities in the onshore 
petroleum and natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural 
gas gathering and boosting industry segments, as those industry segment 
terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, indicate the well-
pad site ID(s) or gathering and boosting site ID(s), as reported to 
Sec.  98.236 of this chapter, that is/are part of each affected 
facility and/or designated facility in the report that indicated a 
deviation or violation.
    (2) For each calendar quarter during the reporting year report 
whether the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were met. For 
example, a report in which the only deviation indicated lasted from 
March 1 to April 30 in the reporting year would be reported as the 
first (i.e., January to March) and second (i.e., April to June) that 
the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not met, and report for 
the third (i.e., July to September) and fourth (i.e., October to 
December) calendar quarters that the conditions were met.
    (e) Reporting for other large release events. For a WEC applicable 
facility that reported one or more other large release events pursuant 
to Sec.  98.236(y) of this chapter in the reporting year that occurred 
within or overlapped with a calendar quarter in which a deviation or 
violation was reported pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section, for 
each other large release event that occurred within or overlapped a 
quarter in which the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not 
met report the information specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of 
this section.
    (1) The unique release event identification number associated with 
the release event as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(y)(2) of this 
chapter.
    (2) The duration of the release event, based upon the start date 
and duration reported to Sec.  98.236(y)(4) of this chapter, that 
occurred during calendar quarters in which the conditions in Sec.  
99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not met for any affected or designated 
facilities located at the WEC applicable facility, in days. For 
example, for a release event that lasted from March 1 to April 14 
(i.e., a total event duration of 45 days) at a WEC applicable facility 
in which there were reported deviations or violations in only the first 
calendar quarter (January through March, inclusive), the value reported 
under this paragraph would be 31 days.
    (f) Determination of compliance. A WEC applicable facility's 
eligibility for the regulatory compliance exemption pursuant to this 
subpart does not constitute a determination of compliance for part 60 
of this chapter, or an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal 
plan under part 62 of this chapter that implements the emission 
guidelines contained in part 60 of this chapter, for any affected 
facility or designated facility present at the applicable facility.
    (g) Administrator or delegated authority determination of non-
compliance. A WEC applicable facility's eligibility for the regulatory 
compliance exemption during a given reporting year does not preclude 
reassessment of applicable WEC obligation for that applicable facility 
upon any determination by the Administrator or a delegated authority of 
any noncompliance with respect to any applicable methane requirements 
pursuant to part 60 of this chapter, or

[[Page 91188]]

an applicable approved State, Tribal, or Federal plan under part 62 of 
this chapter that implements the emission guidelines contained in part 
60 of this chapter, for the affected facilities or designated 
facilities present at the applicable facility.
    (h) Reporting of quantification parameters. Report the following 
information used to quantify methane emissions to be exempted due to 
the regulatory compliance exemption as specified in Sec.  99.43.
    (1) For a WEC applicable facility in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering 
and boosting industry segment, as those industry segment terms are 
defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, report:
    (i) The quantity of methane emissions at the WEC applicable 
facility qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption, in mt 
CH4, as determined using equation D-1A of Sec.  99.43(b)(1) 
(ERCE,CH4)
    (ii) The total quantity of methane emissions that qualified for 
exemption under both the regulatory compliance exemption and another 
exemption, in mt CH4, as determined using equation D-2A of 
Sec.  99.43(c)(1) (EOtherExempt)
    (iii) For each well-pad site or gathering and boosting site, as 
applicable, that was reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(iv) or 
(aa)(10)(v) of this chapter, as applicable, for the reporting year, 
report:
    (A) The well-pad site ID(s) or gathering and boosting site ID(s), 
as reported to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(iv)(A) or (aa)(10)(v)(A) of this 
chapter, as applicable.
    (B) An indication of whether any affected facilities or designated 
facilities at the site did not meet the conditions for the exemption of 
all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2) during the reporting year.
    (C) If you report to paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(B) of this section that 
there were periods of time during which any affected facilities or 
designated facilities at the site did not meet the conditions for the 
exemption of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2), for each 
calendar quarter in the reporting year report whether the conditions 
for the exemption of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2) were 
met. For example, if the only deviation for any affected facilities or 
designated facilities at the site lasted from March 1 to April 30 
report for the first (i.e., January to March) and second (i.e., April 
to June) that the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not met, 
and report for the third (i.e., July to September) and fourth (i.e., 
October to December) calendar quarters that the conditions were met.
    (D) If there were multiple reports submitted pursuant to paragraphs 
(b)(3) and (4) of this section for an individual well-pad site (for the 
onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry segment) or 
individual gathering and boosting site (for the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment), the calendar 
quarters reported pursuant to paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(C) of this section 
must reflect the periods of time in which the conditions in Sec.  
99.41(d)(1) or (2) were met for the well-pad site or gathering and 
boosting site, as applicable, in its entirety. For example, if two 
reports were submitted that together represent all of the affected and 
designated facilities at a well-pad site, and one report indicates 
deviation during only the first calendar quarter (i.e., January to 
March) while the other report indicates deviation during only the 
second calendar quarter (i.e., April to June), the information reported 
would be that for the first (i.e., January to March) and second (i.e., 
April to June) calendar quarters the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or 
(2) were not met, and for the third (i.e., July to September) and 
fourth (i.e., October to December) calendar quarters that the 
conditions were met.
    (2) For a WEC applicable facility in an industry segment other than 
the onshore petroleum and natural gas production or onshore petroleum 
and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment, as those 
industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, 
report:
    (i) The quantity of methane emissions at the WEC applicable 
facility qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption, in mt 
CH4, as determined using equation D-1B of Sec.  99.43(b)(2) 
(ERCE,CH4)
    (ii) The total quantity of methane emissions that qualified for 
exemption under both the regulatory compliance exemption and another 
exemption, in mt CH4, as determined using equation D-2B of 
Sec.  99.43(c)(2) (EOtherExempt).
    (iii) An indication of whether any affected facilities or 
designated facilities at the facility did not meet the conditions for 
the exemption of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2) during the 
reporting year.
    (iv) If you report to paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section that 
there were periods of time during which any affected facilities or 
designated facilities at the site did not meet the conditions for the 
exemption of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2), for each 
calendar quarter in the reporting year report whether the conditions 
for the exemption of all emissions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) and (2) were 
met. For example, if the only deviation for any affected facilities or 
designated facilities at the facility lasted from March 1 to April 30 
report for the first (i.e., January to March) and second (i.e., April 
to June) that the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not met, 
and report for the third (i.e., July to September) and fourth (i.e., 
October to December) calendar quarters that the conditions were met.
    (v) If there were multiple reports submitted pursuant to paragraphs 
(b)(3) and (4) of this section for the WEC applicable facility, the 
calendar quarters reported pursuant to paragraph (h)(2)(iv)(C) must 
reflect the periods of time in which the conditions in Sec.  
99.41(d)(1) or (2) were met for the WEC applicable facility in its 
entirety. For example, if two reports were submitted that together 
represent all of the affected and designated facilities at a well-pad 
site, and one report indicates deviation during only the first calendar 
quarter (i.e., January to March) while the other report indicates 
deviation during only the second calendar quarter (i.e., April to 
June), the information reported would be that for the first (i.e., 
January to March) and second (i.e., April to June) calendar quarters 
the conditions in Sec.  99.41(d)(1) or (2) were not met, and for the 
third (i.e., July to September) and fourth (i.e., October to December) 
calendar quarters that the conditions were met.


Sec.  99.43  How are the emissions qualifying for regulatory compliance 
exemption in the reporting year quantified?

    (a) If the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for the entire 
reporting year, the quantity of methane emissions attributable to the 
regulatory compliance (ERCE,CH4) is equal to the total 
facility applicable emissions calculated using equation B-6 of this 
part. For WEC applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering 
and boosting industry segments, as those industry segment terms are 
defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, the WEC applicable facility 
shall be considered to have qualified for the regulatory compliance 
exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for the entire reporting year if 
each well-pad site or gathering and boosting site, as applicable, 
located at the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for the entire 
reporting year.
    (b) If the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for only part of the 
reporting year or for only a portion of sites for WEC

[[Page 91189]]

applicable facilities in the onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production or onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting 
industry segments, as those industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  
98.230 of this chapter, calculate the qualifying emissions according to 
the method in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section, as applicable.
    (1) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production or onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering 
and boosting industry segment, as those industry segment terms are 
defined in Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, calculate the emissions 
qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption using equation D-1A of 
this section. If the result of equation D-1A of this section is less 
than 0 mt CH4, the emissions qualifying for regulatory 
compliance exemption are equal to 0 mt CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.024

Where:

ERCE,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions, as 
determined in subpart D of this part, at the WEC applicable facility 
qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption subject to the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.41, mt CH4.
ETFA,CH4 = The annual methane emissions equal to, below, 
or exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable 
facility prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions (i.e., 
total facility applicable emissions) as determined in equation B-6 
of Sec.  99.21, mt CH4.
M = Total number of sites that did not qualify for regulatory 
compliance exemption for the entire calendar year.
ENCS,i = The total methane emissions reported pursuant to 
Sec.  99.7(b)(2)(ix) for the reporting year, excluding methane 
emissions from other large release events reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(y)(10) of this chapter, for each well-pad or gathering and 
boosting site that did not qualify for regulatory compliance 
exemption for the entire year, i, mt CH4.
Tj = Time that the site, i, qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(h), in 
calendar quarters.
4 = Number of calendar quarters per year.
N = Total number of other large release events reported pursuant to 
Sec.  99.42(e) for the reporting year for the well-pad or gathering 
and boosting site that did not qualify for regulatory compliance 
exemption for the entire year, i.
ENCS-OLRE,j = The methane emissions from each other large 
release event that occurred during or overlapped with a calendar 
quarter in which the well-pad or gathering and boosting site that 
did not qualify for regulatory compliance exemption, j, for each 
well-pad or gathering and boosting site that did not qualify for 
regulatory compliance exemption for the entire year, i, mt 
CH4
TOLRE-RCE,j = Duration of the other large release event, 
j, that occurred during periods of time in which the WEC applicable 
facility did not qualify for regulatory compliance exemption as 
reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(e), in days.
TOLRE,j = Duration of the other large release event, j, 
based upon the value pursuant to Sec.  98.236(y)(4) of this chapter, 
in days. For purposes of this part, the duration of the other large 
release event includes each calendar day during which the release 
occurred, inclusive.
EOtherExempt = The total quantity of methane emissions 
that qualified for exemption under both the regulatory compliance 
exemption and another exemption, as determined using equation D-2A 
of this section, for the reporting year, mt CH4.

    (2) If the WEC applicable facility is in an industry segment other 
than the onshore petroleum and natural gas production or onshore 
petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting industry segment, as 
those industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 of this 
chapter, calculate the emissions qualifying for regulatory compliance 
exemption using equation D-1B of this section. If the result of 
equation D-1B of this section is less than 0 mt CH4, the 
emissions qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption are equal to 0 
mt CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.025

Where:

ERCE,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions, as 
determined in subpart D of this part, at the WEC applicable facility 
qualifying for regulatory compliance exemption subject to the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.41, mt CH4.
ETFA,CH4 = The annual methane emissions equal to, below, 
or exceeding the waste emissions threshold for a WEC applicable 
facility prior to consideration of any applicable exemptions (i.e., 
total facility applicable emissions) as determined in equation B-6 
of Sec.  99.21, mt CH4.
EWAF = The total methane emissions reported pursuant to 
Sec.  99.7(b)(2)(ix) for the reporting year, excluding methane 
emissions from other large release events reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(y)(10) of this chapter, for the WEC applicable facility, mt 
CH4.
T = Time that the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(h), in 
calendar quarters.
N = Total number of other large release events reported pursuant to 
Sec.  99.42(e) for the reporting year for the WEC applicable 
facility.
EWAF-OLRE,j = The methane emissions from each other large 
release event that occurred during or overlapped with a calendar 
quarter in which the WEC applicable facility did not qualify for 
regulatory compliance exemption, j, for the reporting year for the 
WEC applicable facility, mt CH4.
TOLRE-RCE,j = Duration of the other large release event, 
j, that occurred during periods of time in which the WEC applicable 
facility did not qualify for regulatory compliance exemption as 
reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(e), in days.
TOLRE,j = Duration of the other large release event, j, 
based upon the value pursuant to Sec.  98.236(y)(4) of this chapter, 
in days. For purposes of this part, the duration of the other large 
release event includes each calendar day during which the release 
occurred, inclusive.
EOtherExempt = The total quantity of methane emissions 
that qualified for exemption under both the regulatory compliance 
exemption and another exemption, as determined using equation D-2B 
of this section, for the reporting year, mt CH4.

    (c) If the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance

[[Page 91190]]

exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for only part of the reporting 
year and qualified to claim for exemption emissions under Sec.  99.30 
and/or Sec.  99.50, the total quantity of methane emissions that 
qualified for exemption under both the regulatory compliance exemption 
and another exemption must be calculated according to the applicable 
method in paragraph (c)(1) or (2).
    (1) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production, as that industry segment term is defined in 
Sec.  98.230 of this chapter, equation D-2A must be used to calculate 
the quantity of methane emissions that qualified for exemption under 
both the regulatory compliance exemption and another exemption.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.026

Where:

EOtherExempt = The total quantity of methane emissions 
that qualified for exemption under both the regulatory compliance 
exemption and another exemption for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
M = Total number of well-pad sites that qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption for the entire calendar year.
EDelay,CS,i = The quantity of methane emissions exempted 
due to an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure, as determined in equation 
C-4 of Sec.  99.32(c), at the WEC applicable facility from a well-
pad site, i, that qualified for regulatory compliance exemption for 
the entire year, mt CH4.
EPlug,CS,i = The quantity of methane emissions exempted 
due to wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged, as 
determined in equation E-7 of Sec.  99.52(c), at the WEC applicable 
facility from a well-pad site, i, that qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption for the entire year, mt CH4.
N = Total number of well-pad sites that did not qualify for 
regulatory compliance exemption for the entire calendar year.
EPlug,NCS,j = The quantity of methane emissions exempted 
due to wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged, as 
determined in equation E-7 of Sec.  99.52(c), at the WEC applicable 
facility from a well-pad site, j, that did not qualify for 
regulatory compliance exemption for the entire year, mt 
CH4.
Tj = Time that the site, j, at the WEC applicable 
facility qualified for regulatory compliance exemption as reported 
pursuant to Sec.  99.42(h), in calendar quarters.
EDelay,NCS,j = The quantity of methane emissions exempted 
due to an unreasonable delay in environmental permitting of 
gathering or transmission infrastructure, as determined in equation 
C-4 of Sec.  99.32(c), at the WEC applicable facility from a well-
pad site, j, that did not qualify for regulatory compliance 
exemption for the entire year, mt CH4.
TDelay-RCE,j = Duration of time during the reporting year 
that an eligible delay limited the offtake of increased volume 
associated with methane emissions mitigation activities that 
occurred during periods of time in which the well-pad site, j, at 
the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory compliance 
exemption, in days. Determine this value using the beginning and 
ending dates for the eligible delay as reported pursuant to Sec.  
99.31(b)(8) and the calendar quarters that the well-pad site, j, at 
the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory compliance 
exemption as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(d).
TDelay = Duration of time during the reporting year that 
an eligible delay limited the offtake of increased volume associated 
with methane emissions mitigation activities, in days. Determine 
this value using the beginning and ending dates for the eligible 
delay as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.31(b)(8), inclusive.

    (2) If the WEC applicable facility is in an industry segment other 
than the onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry segment, 
as that industry segment term is defined in Sec.  98.230 of this 
chapter, equation D-2B must be used to calculate the quantity of 
methane emissions that qualified for exemption under both the 
regulatory compliance exemption and another exemption.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.027

Where:

EOtherExempt = The total quantity of methane emissions 
that qualified for exemption under both the regulatory compliance 
exemption and another exemption for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
EPlug,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions, as 
determined in equation E-7 of Sec.  99.52(c), at the WEC applicable 
facility attributable to all wells that were permanently shut-in and 
plugged during the reporting year meeting the applicability 
provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt CH4.
T = Time that the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(d), in 
calendar quarters
EDelay,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions exempted, 
as determined in equation C-1 of Sec.  99.32(c), at the WEC 
applicable facility due to an unreasonable delay in environmental 
permitting of gathering or transmission infrastructure meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.30, mt CH4.
TDelay-RCE = Duration of time during the reporting year 
that an eligible delay limited the offtake of increased volume 
associated with methane emissions mitigation activities that 
occurred during periods of time in which the WEC applicable facility 
qualified for regulatory compliance exemption, in days. Determine 
this value using the beginning and ending dates for the eligible 
delay as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.31(b)(8) and the calendar 
quarters that the WEC applicable facility qualified for regulatory 
compliance exemption as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.42(d).
TDelay,j = Duration of time during the reporting year 
that an eligible delay limited the offtake of increased volume 
associated with methane emissions mitigation activities, in days. 
Determine this value using the beginning and ending dates for the 
eligible delay as reported pursuant to Sec.  99.31(b)(8), inclusive.

    (d) If the WEC applicable facility did not qualify for regulatory 
compliance exemption pursuant to Sec.  99.41(d) for any portion of the 
reporting year, the quantity of methane emissions attributable to the 
regulatory compliance exemption (ERCE,CH4) is equal to 0.

[[Page 91191]]

Subpart E--Exemption for Permanently Shut-in and Plugged Wells


Sec.  99.50  What facilities qualify for the exemption of emissions 
from permanently shut-in and plugged wells?

    (a) The total facility applicable emissions for the WEC applicable 
facility containing permanently shut-in and plugged wells must exceed 0 
mt as calculated in accordance with Sec.  99.21(a).
    (b) This exemption is applicable to WEC applicable facilities in 
the onshore petroleum and natural gas production, offshore petroleum 
and natural gas production, or underground natural gas storage industry 
segments, as those industry segment terms are defined in Sec.  98.230 
of this chapter, that permanently shut-in and plug one or more wells 
during the reporting year.
    (c) For the purposes of applying this exemption, a permanently 
shut-in and plugged well is one that has been permanently sealed, 
following all applicable local, State, or Federal regulations in the 
jurisdiction where the well is located, to prevent any potential future 
leakage of oil, gas, or formation water into shallow sources of potable 
water, onto the surface, or into the atmosphere. Site reclamation 
following placement of a metal plate or cap is not required to be 
completed for the well to be considered permanently shut-in and plugged 
for the purposes of this part.


Sec.  99.51  What are the reporting requirements for the exemption for 
wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged?

    (a) For a WEC applicable facility meeting the applicability 
provisions of Sec.  99.50, you may elect to report information 
regarding an exemption for wells that were permanently shut-in and 
plugged. The exemption information to be reported is described in 
paragraph (b) of this section. The exemption information shall be 
submitted as described Sec.  99.7.
    (b) Report the following information for each well meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50 that was permanently shut-in 
and plugged in the reporting year.
    (1) Well ID number as reported in part 98, subpart W of this 
chapter. If no well ID number is reported for the well to part 98, 
subpart W, report the well ID number as defined in this part.
    (2) Date the well was permanently shut-in and plugged, which for 
the purposes of this exemption, is the date when welding or cementing 
of a metal plate or cap onto the casing end was completed.
    (3) The statutory citation for each applicable State, local, and 
Federal regulation stipulating requirements that were applicable to the 
closure of the permanently shut-in and plugged well.
    (4) A certification that the requirements in each of the applicable 
State, local, and Federal regulations identified in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section were followed.
    (5) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production or underground natural gas storage industry 
segment and the WEC obligated party calculated methane emissions 
attributable to the well from wellhead equipment leaks using the 
methods in Sec.  99.52(b)(5) of this section, you must indicate the 
method used to calculate equipment leak emissions attributable to the 
well (i.e., Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(i), (ii), or (iii)). For a WEC applicable 
facility in the underground natural gas storage industry segment, you 
must also report the information specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) 
through (iv) of this section, as applicable. For a WEC applicable 
facility in the onshore petroleum and natural gas production industry 
segment, you must also report the information specified in paragraphs 
(b)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section, as applicable. All WEC 
applicable facilities must report the information specified in 
paragraph (b)(5)(v).
    (i) If the method in Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(i) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions attributable to the well, you must report the 
following information for each leak: the leak detection survey method 
used, the component type as reported in Sec.  98.236(q) of this 
chapter, the volumetric flow rate of the natural gas leak in standard 
cubic feet per hour and the duration of the measured leak as determined 
in accordance Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(i), in hours.
    (ii) If the method in Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(ii) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions attributable to the well, you must report the 
following information for each component identified as leaking: the 
leak detection survey method used, the component type as specified in 
Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) or (vii) of this chapter, as applicable, and 
the time the surveyed component is assumed to be leaking and 
operational as determined in accordance Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(ii), in 
hours.
    (iii) If the method in Sec.  99.52(b)(5)(iii) is used to calculate 
equipment leak emissions attributable to the well, you must report the 
counts of each component type listed in Sec.  98.233(r)(3) of this 
chapter that are associated with the well, as applicable.
    (iv) Indicate whether you used the default concentration of 
CH4 (0.975) or a facility-specific CH4 
concentration in the total hydrocarbon of the feed natural gas. If you 
used the facility-specific CH4 concentration in the total 
hydrocarbon of the feed natural gas, report the value.
    (v) The quantity of methane emissions attributable to the well from 
wellhead equipment leaks as calculated in accordance with Sec.  
99.52(b)(5)(i), (b)(5)(ii), or (b)(5)(iii), as applicable, for the 
reporting year, in metric tons CH4.
    (6) If the WEC applicable facility is in the onshore petroleum and 
natural gas production and calculated methane emissions attributable to 
the well from associated gas flaring and completions and workovers 
without hydraulic fracturing and with flaring using equation E-6 of 
this section, you must report the information specified in paragraphs 
(b)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) The volume of gas sent to the flare from the plugged well, in 
thousand scf.
    (ii) The quantity of methane emissions attributable to the well 
from associated gas flaring and from completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing and with flaring as calculated in accordance with 
Sec.  99.52(b)(6), as applicable, in metric tons CH4.
    (7) The emissions attributable to the well calculated using 
equation E-1, E-2, E-3, or E-4 in Sec.  99.52(b), as applicable, in 
metric tons CH4.
    (c) The total quantity of methane emissions attributable to all 
wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged at a WEC applicable 
facility meeting the applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50 during the 
reporting year, calculated using equation E-7 in Sec.  99.52(c), in 
metric tons CH4.


Sec.  99.52  How are the net emissions attributable to all wells at a 
WEC applicable facility that were permanently shut-in and plugged in 
the reporting year quantified?

    (a) For the purposes of this section, the following source types 
(as specified in part 98, subpart W of this chapter) constitute 
emissions directly attributable to an onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production, offshore petroleum and natural gas production, or 
underground natural gas storage well, as applicable:
    (1) Wellhead equipment leaks.
    (2) Liquids unloading.
    (3) Completions and workovers with hydraulic fracturing.
    (4) Completions and workovers without hydraulic fracturing.
    (5) Associated natural gas venting and flaring.
    (6) Well testing.
    (7) Drilling mud degassing.
    (b) Calculate the annual emissions attributable to each well that 
was

[[Page 91192]]

permanently shut-in and plugged during the reporting year and included 
in the submittal pursuant to Sec.  99.51 using equations E-1, E-2, E-3, 
or E-4 of this section, as applicable.
    (1) For onshore petroleum and natural gas production wells that are 
part of a WEC applicable facility that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged in reporting years 2025 and later, equation E-1 of this section 
must be used to quantify the methane emissions directly attributable to 
each permanently shut-in and plugged well.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.028

Where:

EPW,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions directly 
attributable to an individual well that was permanently shut-in and 
plugged during the reporting year at a WEC applicable facility 
meeting the applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt 
CH4.
ELeaks,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from wellhead equipment leaks as calculated 
in accordance with paragraphs (b)(5)(i), (b)(5)(ii), or (b)(5)(iii) 
of this section, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
ELU,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to the well from liquids unloading as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(f)(1)(x) or (f)(2)(viii) of this chapter, as applicable, for 
the reporting year, mt CH4.
ECWwHF,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from completions and workovers with 
hydraulic fracturing as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(g)(9) of 
this chapter for the reporting year, mt CH4.
ECWwoHF,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing and without flaring as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(h)(1)(vi) and (h)(3)(iv) of this chapter for the 
reporting year, mt CH4.
EAGV,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to the well from associated gas venting as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(m)(7)(viii) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
EF,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to the well from associated gas flaring and from completions and 
workovers without hydraulic fracturing and with flaring as 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (b)(6) of this section, as 
applicable, mt CH4.
EWT,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from well testing as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(l)(1)(vii), (l)(2)(vii), (l)(3)(vi), and (l)(4)(vi) of 
this chapter, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
EDMD,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to the well from drilling mud degassing as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(dd)(1)(viii), (dd)(2)(iv), or (dd)(3)(iv) of this 
chapter, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt CH4.

    (2) For onshore petroleum and natural gas production wells that are 
part of a WEC applicable facility that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged in reporting year 2024, equation E-2 of this section must be 
used to quantify the methane emissions attributable to the well:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.029

Where:

EPW,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to an individual well that was permanently shut-in and plugged 
during the reporting at a WEC applicable facility meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt CH4.
ELkQ,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity of 
methane emissions from equipment leaks reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(q)(2)(ix) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
ELkR,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity of 
methane emissions from equipment leaks reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(r)(1)(v) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
ELU,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity of 
methane emissions from liquids unloading as reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.236(f)(1)(x) and (f)(2)(viii) of this chapter for the 
reporting year, mt CH4.
ECWwHF,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity 
of methane emissions from completions and workovers with hydraulic 
fracturing as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(g)(9) of this 
chapter for the reporting year, mt CH4.
ECWwoHF,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity 
of methane emissions from completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(h)(1)(vi), 
(h)(2)(vi), (h)(3)(iv) and (h)(4)(iv) of this chapter for the 
reporting year, mt CH4.
EAGV,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from associated gas venting as reported pursuant 
to Sec.  98.236(m)(7)(iv) of this chapter for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.
EAGF,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility quantity of 
methane emissions from associated gas flaring as reported pursuant 
to Sec.  98.236(m)(8)(iii) of this chapter for the reporting year, 
mt CH4.
EWT,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity of 
methane emissions from well testing as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(l)(1)(vii), (l)(2)(vii), (l)(3)(vi), and (l)(4)(vi) of this 
chapter, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt CH4.
Qng,PW = The total annual quantity of natural gas that is 
produced and sent to sale from the well in the reporting year, as 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(iii)(C) of this chapter, in 
thousand standard cubic feet.
6 = Conversion factor from thousand standard cubic feet of natural 
gas to barrel of oil equivalent.
Qoil,PW = The total quantity of crude oil and condensate 
that is produced and sent to sale from the well in the reporting 
year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(iii)(D)of this 
chapter, in barrels.
Qng,WAF = The total quantity of natural gas that is 
produced and sent to sale from the WEC applicable facility in the 
reporting year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(i)(B) of 
this chapter, in thousand standard cubic feet.
Qoil,WAF = The total quantity of crude oil and condensate 
that is produced and sent to sale from the WEC applicable facility 
in the reporting year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(i)(C) of this chapter, in barrels.

    (3) For offshore petroleum and natural gas production wells that 
are part of a WEC applicable facility that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged in any reporting year, equation E-3 of this section must be 
used to quantify the methane emissions attributable to the well.

[[Page 91193]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.030

Where:

EPW,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to an individual well that was permanently shut-in and plugged 
during the reporting year at a WEC applicable facility meeting the 
applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt CH4.
ELeaks,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total quantity 
of methane emissions from non-compressor component level fugitives 
(i.e., equipment leaks), mt CH4. For reporting year 2024, 
use the value reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(s)(2) of this 
chapter for the reporting year. For reporting year 2025 and later, 
use the value reported to Sec.  98.236(s)(3)(ii) of this chapter for 
the reporting year.
EDMD,CH4 = The WEC applicable facility total annual 
quantity of methane emissions from drilling mud degassing, mt 
CH4. For reporting year 2024, use the value reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.236(s)(2) of this chapter for the reporting 
year. For reporting year 2025 and later, use the value reported to 
Sec.  98.236(s)(3)(ii) of this chapter for the reporting year.
Qng,PW = The total quantity of natural gas that is 
produced and sent to sale from the well in the reporting year as 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(2)(iii) of this chapter, in 
thousand scf.
6 = Conversion factor from thousand standard cubic feet of natural 
gas to barrel of oil equivalent.
Qoil,PW = The total quantity of crude oil and condensate 
that is produced and sent to sale from the well in the reporting 
year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(2)(iv) of this 
chapter, in barrels.
Qng,WAF = The total quantity of natural gas that is 
produced and sent to sale from the WEC applicable facility in the 
reporting year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(aa)(2)(i) of 
this chapter, in thousand scf.
Qoil,WAF = The total quantity of crude oil and condensate 
that is produced and sent to sale from the WEC applicable facility 
in the reporting year, as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(2)(ii) of this chapter, in barrels.

    (4) For underground natural gas storage wells that are part of a 
WEC applicable facility that are permanently shut-in and plugged in any 
reporting year, equation E-4 of this section must be used to quantify 
the methane emissions attributable to the well.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.031

Where:

EPW,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions directly 
attributable to an individual well that was permanently shut-in and 
plugged during the reporting year at a WEC applicable facility 
meeting the applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50, mt 
CH4.
ELeaks,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from storage wellhead equipment leaks in 
accordance with paragraphs (b)(5)(i), (b)(5)(ii) or (b)(5)(iii) of 
this section, as applicable, for the reporting year, mt 
CH4.

    (5) You must quantify equipment leak methane emissions from the 
permanently shut-in and plugged well at the WEC applicable facility in 
accordance with the methods in (b)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section. 
You must use the same calculation method for equipment leaks reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) or (r) of this chapter in the part 98 
report for the well-pad site or facility, as applicable, which is 
associated with the permanently shut-in and plugged well.
    (i) If equipment leak surveys and measurement were used to quantify 
methane emissions from the permanently shut-in and plugged well and 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter in the part 98 
report for a WEC applicable facility, you must calculate the methane 
emissions (i.e., EMeasured Leak, CH4) for each measured wellhead leak 
in accordance with equation E-5A. The sum of the quantified methane 
emissions from each measured wellhead leak at the permanently shut-in 
and plugged well calculated in accordance with equation E-5A shall be 
considered ``ELeaks, CH4'' in Equations E-1 and 
E-4 of this section, as applicable.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.032

Where:

EMeasured Leak,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions attributable 
to a measured leak from a wellhead leak component at the permanently 
shut-in and plugged well, mt CH4.
p = Component type as reported in accordance with Sec.  98.236(q) of 
this chapter, as applicable.
z = An individual component of type ``p'' detected as leaking and 
measured at the permanently shut-in and plugged well in any leak 
survey during the year.
Qp,z = Volumetric flow rate of the natural gas leak for component 
``z'' of component type ``p'' converted to standard conditions 
according to Sec.  98.233(q)(3)(iii) of this chapter, scf whole gas/
hour/component, as applicable.
MCH4 = The mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the 
well. For onshore petroleum and natural gas production wells, use 
the mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the sub-
basin associated with the well, as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter, unitless. For underground 
natural gas wellheads, use 0.975 or the concentration of 
CH4 in the total hydrocarbon of the feed natural gas, 
unitless.
Tp,z = The total time the surveyed and measured component ``z'' of 
component type ``p'' was assumed to be leaking and operational, in 
hours. If one leak detection survey is conducted in the calendar 
year, assume the component was leaking for the entire calendar year, 
hours. If multiple leak detection surveys are conducted in the 
calendar year, assume a component found leaking in the first survey 
was leaking since the beginning of the year until the date of the 
survey, hours; assume a component found leaking in the last survey 
of the year was leaking from the preceding survey through the end of 
the year, hours; assume a component found leaking in a survey 
between the first and last surveys of the year was leaking since the 
preceding survey until the date of the survey, hours; and sum times 
for all leaking periods. For each leaking component, account for 
time the

[[Page 91194]]

component was not operational (i.e., not operating under pressure) 
using the same estimates and available data used for calculating the 
total time the surveyed and measured components were leaking and 
operational in accordance with Sec.  98.233(q)(3)(ii) of this 
chapter.
k = The factor to adjust for undetected leaks by respective leak 
detection method. For reporting year 2024, k equals 1. For reporting 
year 2025 and later, k equals 1.25 for the methods in Sec.  98.234 
(a)(1), (3) and (5) of this chapter; k equals 1.55 for the method in 
Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(i) of this chapter; and k equals 1.27 for the 
method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(ii) of this chapter. Select the factor 
for the leak detection method used for the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well, unitless.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.

    (ii) If equipment leak surveys and leaker emission factors were 
used to quantify methane emissions from the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well and reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter 
in the part 98 report for a WEC applicable facility, equation E-5B of 
this section must be used to calculate ELeaks,CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.033

Where:

ELeaks,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from wellhead equipment leaks as reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.236(q) of this chapter for the reporting year, 
mt CH4.
p = Component type as specified in Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) and (vii) 
of this chapter, as applicable.
Np = The number of component types reported pursuant to 
Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(ii) of this chapter for which there were detected 
leaks at the well reported pursuant to Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) or 
(vii) of this chapter, as applicable.
EFp = The leaker emission factor for component ``p'' as 
specified in Sec.  98.233(q)(2)(iii) or (vii) of this chapter, scf 
whole gas/hour/component, as applicable.
MCH4 = For onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
wells, the mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the 
sub-basin associated with the well, as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter, unitless. For underground 
natural gas wellheads, the mole fraction of CH4 equals 
0.975 for CH4 or concentration of CH4, in the 
total hydrocarbon of the feed natural gas.
xp = The total number of specific components of type 
``p'' detected as leaking at the permanently shut-in and plugged 
well in any leak survey during the year. A component found leaking 
in two or more surveys during the year is counted as one leaking 
component.
Tp,z = The total time the surveyed component ``z'' of 
component type ``p'' was assumed to be leaking and operational, in 
hours. If one leak detection survey is conducted in the calendar 
year, assume the component was leaking for the entire calendar year, 
hours. If multiple leak detection surveys are conducted in the 
calendar year, assume a component found leaking in the first survey 
was leaking since the beginning of the year until the date of the 
survey, hours; assume a component found leaking in the last survey 
of the year was leaking from the preceding survey through the end of 
the year, hours; assume a component found leaking in a survey 
between the first and last surveys of the year was leaking since the 
preceding survey until the date of the survey, hours; and sum times 
for all leaking periods. For each leaking component, account for 
time the component was not operational (i.e., not operating under 
pressure) using the same estimates and available data used for 
calculating the total time the surveyed components were leaking and 
operational in accordance with Sec.  98.233(q)(2) of this chapter.
k = The factor to adjust for undetected leaks by respective leak 
detection method. For reporting year 2024, k equals 1. For reporting 
year 2025 and later, k equals 1.25 for the methods in Sec.  98.234 
(a)(1), (3) and (5) of this chapter; k equals 1.55 for the method in 
Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(i) of this chapter; and k equals 1.27 for the 
method in Sec.  98.234(a)(2)(ii) of this chapter. Select the factor 
for the leak detection method used for the permanently shut-in and 
plugged well, unitless.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.

    (iii) If equipment leaks by population count were used to quantify 
methane emission from the permanently shut-in and plugged well and 
reported pursuant to Sec.  98.236(r) of this chapter in the part 98 
report for a WEC applicable facility, equation E-5C of this section 
must be used to calculate ELeaks,CH4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.034

Where:

ELeaks,CH4 = The annual quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to the well from wellhead equipment leaks as reported 
pursuant to Sec.  98.236(r) of this chapter for the reporting year, 
mt CH4.
Countwh = Underground natural gas storage facilities must 
count each component at the storage wellhead listed in Sec.  
98.233(r)(3) of this chapter. Onshore petroleum and natural gas 
production must use a value of 1 wellhead.
EFwh = The population emission factor for wellheads, as 
listed in Sec.  98.233(r)(2) and (3) of this chapter, as applicable.
MCH4 = For onshore petroleum and natural gas production 
wells, the mole fraction of CH4 in produced gas for the 
sub-basin associated with the well as reported pursuant to Sec.  
98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter, unitless. For underground 
natural gas wellheads, the mole fraction of CH4 equals 
0.975 for CH4 or concentration of CH4, in the 
total hydrocarbon of the feed natural gas.
T = The total time that has elapsed from the beginning of the 
reporting year until the date the well was plugged in accordance 
with Sec.  99.51(b)(2), hours.
[Rgr]CH4 = Density of methane, 0.0192 mt/Mscf.
10-3 = Conversion factor from scf to Mscf.

    (6) For onshore petroleum and natural gas production wells that are 
part of a WEC applicable facility that are permanently shut-in and 
plugged in reporting years 2025 and later, equation E-6 of this section 
must be used to quantify the methane emissions attributable to the well 
from associated gas flaring and completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing and with flaring:

[[Page 91195]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.035

Where:

EF,CH4 = The quantity of methane emissions from 
associated gas flaring and from completions and workovers without 
hydraulic fracturing and with flaring attributable to the plugged 
well for the reporting year, mt CH4.
VPW = The volume of gas sent to the flare from the 
plugged well, scf. If flow for each stream to the flare is measured 
or determined in accordance with Sec.  98.233(n)(3)(ii) of this 
chapter and that stream contains only the flow from the plugged 
well, use the flow for that individual stream as reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(11) of this chapter. If flow is measured at the inlet to 
the flare in accordance with Sec.  98.233(n)(3)(i) of this chapter 
or the stream flow measured or determined in accordance with Sec.  
98.233(n)(3)(ii) of this chapter includes flow from other sources, 
use an engineering estimate based upon best available information of 
the portion of flow from the plugged well.
XCH4 = Annual average mole fraction of CH4 in 
the gas sent to the flare from the plugged well. If you determine 
composition of each stream routed to the flare as specified in Sec.  
98.233(n)(4)(iii) of this chapter and that stream contains only the 
flow from the plugged well, use the mole fraction for the individual 
stream as reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(14) of this chapter. 
Otherwise, use the average mole fraction of CH4 in 
produced gas for the sub-basin in which the plugged well is located 
as reported to Sec.  98.236(aa)(1)(ii)(I) of this chapter.
[eta]D = Flare destruction efficiency, as reported to Sec.  
98.236(n)(13) of this chapter.
ZL = Fraction of the feed gas sent to the burning flare, 
equal to 1- ZU.
ZU = Fraction of the feed gas sent to the flare when it 
is un-lit, as reported to Sec.  98.236(n)(12) of this chapter.
[rho]CH4 = Density of methane at 60 [deg]F and 14.7 psia. 
Use 0.0192 kg/ft\3\.
10-3 = Conversion from kilograms to metric tons.

    (c) Calculate the total emissions attributable to all wells 
included in the submittal received pursuant to Sec.  99.51 using 
equation E-7 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18NO24.036

Where:

EPlug,CH4 = The total quantity of methane emissions, as 
determined in subpart E of this part, at the WEC applicable facility 
attributable to all wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged 
during the reporting year meeting the applicability provisions of 
Sec.  99.50, mt CH4.
EPW,j,CH4 = The annual quantity of methane emissions 
attributable to a well ``j'' that was permanently shut-in and 
plugged during the reporting year at a WEC applicable facility 
meeting the applicability provisions of Sec.  99.50 calculated using 
equation E-1, E-2, E-3, or E-4 of this section, as applicable.
N = Total number of wells that were permanently shut-in and plugged 
during the reporting year in accordance with all applicable closure 
requirements at a WEC applicable facility.

[FR Doc. 2024-26643 Filed 11-15-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P`