Small Business Safety 

and Health Handbook
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2021-120 (revised 01/2024) | OSHA Publication Number 2209-01R 2024

Small Business Safety 

and Health Handbook
iii | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Contents

About this Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Safety and Health Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Value of a Safety and Health Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Implementing a Safety and Health Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Workplace Self-Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Self-Inspection Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Safety and Health Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

General Work Environment and Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Posting of Required Safety and Health Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Recordkeeping and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Compressed Gas Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Ergonomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Exit Routes and Emergency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Emergency Action Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Fire Suppression and Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Explosive (Powder) Actuated Fastening Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Hand Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Portable (Power Operated) Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Hazard Communication and Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Hazard Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Hazardous Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Heat-related Illness Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
iv | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Infection Control Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Lockout/Tagout Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Machinery and Machine Guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Machinery and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Materials Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Materials Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Powered Industrial Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Medical Services and First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Noise Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Permit-Required Confined Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Respiratory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Walking-Working Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Elevated Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Floor Holes and Wall Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Portable Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Stairs and Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Workplace Violence Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Young Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Safety and Health Assistance for Small Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

OSHA Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Whistleblower Program: Protection from Retaliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

State Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

OSHA Regional Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Contact OSHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
1 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

About this Handbook

The Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

developed this handbook to provide small 

business employers with workplace safety and 

health information.

The handbook summarizes the benefits of an 

effective safety and health program, provides 

self-inspection checklists for employers to identify 

workplace hazards, and reviews key workplace 

safety and health resources for small businesses.

This handbook is a general guide. Employers 

should not use it to assess compliance with the 

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH 

Act) or federal OSHA standards. This handbook 

does not provide legal interpretations of the 

requirements in OSHA standards, nor does it 

create any additional compliance requirements 

for employers. OSHA will not cite employers 

under the General Duty Clause in Section 5(a)(1) 

of the OSH Act for not following the handbook’s 

recommendations.

More than 20 states and territories operate their 

own OSHA-approved State Plans. A list of states 

that operate their own State Plans can be found 

on OSHA’s website. While the safety and health 

compliance requirements in these State Plans 

may differ in some respects from federal OSHA 

requirements, employers in all states may benefit 

from using this handbook.

This publication is in the public domain and 

copyright-free. You can share it, fully or partially, 

without permission. We appreciate, but do not 

require, source credit.

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2 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Programs

Value of a Safety and 

Health Program

Every year, more than 5,000 workers are killed 

on the job (average of 14 deaths per day), and 

more than 3.6 million suffer a serious job-related 

injury or illness. Even one serious workplace 

injury or illness can have a devastating impact 

on a small business, including costs associated 

with higher workers’ compensation premiums, 

medical expenses, legal fees, replacement worker 

training, lost productivity, equipment repairs, 

and lower worker morale – to say nothing of the 

overwhelming personal impacts.

Implementing a safety and health program 

helps businesses:

• Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses

• Improve compliance with laws and regulations

• Reduce costs, including significant reductions 

in workers’ compensation premiums

• Engage workers

• Enhance social responsibility goals

• Increase productivity and enhance overall 

business operations

Small employers like you place a high value on 

the well-being of your workers. Like many small 

businesses, you may employ family members and 

personal acquaintances. And, if you don’t know 

your workers before they are hired, the size of your 

workplace will promote the closeness and concern 

for one another that small businesses value.

OSHA and NIOSH provide helpful resources and 

want to work with you to promote a safe and 

healthful workplace. Employers that make job 

safety and health a real part of their everyday 

operations will benefit in the long run. Investing 

in a safety and health program now will help 

you avoid possible losses in the future. A safe 

business is a sound business.

The main goal of a safety and health program is to 

prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths, 

as well as the suffering and financial hardship 

these events can cause for workers, their families, 

and employers. Traditional approaches are often 

reactive; that is, problems are addressed only 

after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new 

standard or regulation is published, or an outside 

inspection finds a problem.

OSHA’s Safe + Sound campaign encourages 

every workplace to have a safety and health 

program. Through this campaign, OSHA works 

with NIOSH and other organizations to provide 

resources to help employers develop safety and 

health programs and to recognize the successes 

of these programs.

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3 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Implementing a Safety and 

Health Program

OSHA’s Recommended Practices for Safety 

and Health Programs use a proactive approach 

to managing workplace safety and health, 

recognizing that finding and fixing hazards 

before they cause injury or illness is a far 

more effective approach. The Recommended 

Practices present a step-by-step approach to 

implementing a successful safety and health 

program, built around seven core elements: 

• Management leadership

• Worker participation

• Hazard identification and assessment

• Hazard prevention and control

• Education and training

• Program evaluation and improvement

• Communication and coordination for host 

employers, contractors, and staffing agencies

OSHA’s website includes tools to help employers 

implement safety and health programs, including:

• how to get started, 

• a safety and health program 

self-evaluation tool, 

• a safety and health program 

implementation checklist, and

• a safety and health program audit tool.

You can begin with a basic program, set simple 

goals, and grow from there. If you focus on 

achieving goals, monitoring performance, 

and evaluating outcomes, your workplace 

can progress to higher levels of safety and 

health achievement.

By developing and implementing a safety 

and health program, you are expressing and 

documenting your good faith and commitment 

to protecting your workers’ health and safety.

Doing so does not usually require additional 

workers or high costs. You can integrate safety 

and health into your other business functions 

with modest effort.

The key to a successful safety and health program 

is to see it as a part of your day-to-day business 

operation. As you incorporate it into your business 

culture, safety and health awareness will become 

second nature to you and your workers, leading to 

a safe and sound business.

Every workplace should have a safety and health 

program that includes management leadership, 

worker participation, and a systematic approach 

to finding and fixing hazards. Regular workplace 

inspections are an important tool for identifying 

hazards and fixing them.

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4 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Self-Inspection

An effective way to identify workplace hazards 

is for knowledgeable and experienced workers 

to conduct routine safety and health inspections 

(i.e., self-inspections). The only way to know if 

potential hazards exist and if they are under 

control is to assess work processes directly.

Small business employers should conduct 

routine workplace self-inspections to: 

• identify hazards, 

• control identified hazards, and 

• monitor and evaluate hazard controls to verify 

that they continue to be effective.

Consultants from OSHA’s On-Site Consultation 

programs in all states, the District of Columbia 

and most territories can help small business 

employers with this process at no cost.

Self-Inspection Checklists

The checklists in the handbook are intended 

for general industry workplaces, but not for 

construction or maritime industries. They are a 

starting point for identifying workplace hazards.

The checklists can give you some indication 

of where to begin taking action to make your 

business safer and more healthful for your 

workers. The checklists are based on several 

sources, including OSHA standards and generally 

accepted safety and health principles. Do not use 

the checklists to assess your compliance with the 

OSH Act or OSHA standards.

Compile information from your completed 

checklists with workplace injury and illness 

records, worker training information, and process 

and equipment information (e.g., maintenance 

logs, failure incident reports) to help you 

determine where challenges exist. Refer to OSHA 

standards, resources on the OSHA website, and 

other resources listed in this handbook to find 

solutions to those challenges. At the end of 

each checklist, you will find a link to additional 

resources on that topic.

These checklists are not all-inclusive and 

not all of the checklists will apply to your 

business. You might want to start by selecting 

the checklists that apply to areas that are most 

critical to your business, then expanding your 

checklists over time to cover all areas that pertain 

to your business. Consider adding or deleting 

items from a checklist to more accurately cover 

your work processes.

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5 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Company name: 

Worksite: 

Specific worksite area: 

Inspected by:

Date: 

General

Safety and Health Programs Yes No N/A Comments

A safety and health program is in place to 

help proactively manage safety and health in 

the workplace.

  

Safety and health is a top priority.   

Safety and health is a part of daily 

conversations with workers.   

A procedure is in place for workers to report 

injuries, illnesses, incidents (including near 

misses/close calls), hazards, and safety and 

health concerns.

  

Workers are trained how to identify and 

control hazards.   

Workplace inspections are conducted 

with workers.   

Workers are asked for ideas on 

hazard control.   

Workers are assigned the task of choosing, 

implementing, and evaluating hazard 

controls they come up with.

  
6 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Programs Yes No N/A Comments

Foreseeable emergency scenarios are 

identified and instructions are developed 

on what to do in each case.

  

Workers are consulted before significant 

changes are made to the workplace, work 

organization, equipment, or materials in order 

to identify potential safety or health issues.

  

Time is set aside to discuss safety and health 

issues, with the goal of identifying ways to 

improve the safety and health program.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA: Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs

• OSHA: $afety Pays Program

• American Society of Safety Professionals: Guidance Manual — Keep Your People Safe in 

Smaller Organizations (GM-Z10.101)
7 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

General Work Environment 

and Housekeeping Yes No N/A Comments

The workplace is clean, orderly, and sanitary.   

Workplace floors are maintained in a 

dry condition.   

Where wet processes are used, drainage 

is maintained and false floors, platforms, 

mats, or other dry standing places are 

provided, where practicable, or workers use 

appropriate footwear.

  

Enclosed workplaces are maintained to 

prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents, 

insects, and other vermin; and a continuing 

and effective extermination program is 

instituted where their presence is detected.

  

Workers do not eat or drink in any areas 

where hazardous substances are present.   

Combustible scrap, debris, and waste are 

stored properly and promptly removed from 

the workplace.

  

Covered metal waste cans are used for rags 

soaked in oil, flammable/combustible liquid, 

paint, etc.

  

Vacuuming and non-vigorous sweeping 

are used in place of blowing down with 

compressed air.

  

When it is necessary to blow down in place 

of vacuuming and sweeping, compressed air 

pressure is limited to 30 psi, and dust clouds 

are kept to a minimum.

  
8 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

General Work Environment 

and Housekeeping Yes No N/A Comments

General dilution or local exhaust ventilation 

systems are used to control dusts, vapors, 

gases, fumes, smoke, solvents, or mists 

generated in the workplace, where possible.

  

Clear space is maintained in front of electrical 

panels; minimum 3 feet in front, and at least the 

width of the panel, but not less than 2 1⁄2 feet.

  

Appropriate precautions are taken to maintain 

exits, and protect workers during construction, 

renovation, and repair operations.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.22, General Requirements for Walking and Working Surfaces

– 29 CFR 1910.36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

– 29 CFR 1910.37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

– 29 CFR 1910.141, Sanitation

• OSHA: Restrooms and Sanitation Requirements

• OSHA: Indoor Air Quality

• NIOSH: Indoor Environmental Quality

• NIOSH: Office Environment
9 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Posting of Required Safety and 

Health Information Yes No N/A Comments

The required OSHA Job Safety and Health 

Poster (or state plan equivalent) is posted in a 

prominent location in the workplace.

NOTE: The poster is available for free from 

OSHA in multiple languages. While OSHA 

does not require employers to display 

the poster in other languages, OSHA 

encourages employers with employees that 

speak other languages to also display the 

poster in those languages.

  

The annual Summary of Work-Related 

Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA Form 300A) 

is posted during the months of February, 

March, and April.

  

Any citations resulting from OSHA workplace 

inspections are posted until the violation 

has been abated, or for three working days, 

whichever is later.

  

Emergency telephone numbers are 

posted where they can be readily found 

in case of emergency.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1903.2, Posting of OSHA Notice

– 29 CFR 1903.16, Posting of Citations

• OSHA: Free Workplace Poster – Job Safety and Health – It’s the Law!
10 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Recordkeeping and Reporting Yes No N/A Comments

Occupational injuries or illnesses, except 

minor injuries requiring only first aid, 

are recorded on OSHA Form 300 (Log of 

Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses).

NOTE: Employers are partially exempt from 

OSHA’s injury and illness recordkeeping 

requirements if 1) they had 10 or fewer 

workers during all of the last calendar 

year (see 29 CFR 1904.1), or 2) they are in 

certain low-hazard industries (see 29 CFR 

Part 1904, Subpart B, Appendix A). All 

employers, regardless of size or industry, 

must report work-related fatalities, in-patient 

hospitalizations, amputations, and loss of an 

eye to OSHA.

  

A supplementary record of each recordable 

occupational injury and illness is prepared for 

recordable cases on OSHA Form 301 (Injury 

and Illness Incident Report). Employers can 

use equivalent forms that provide all the 

information on the OSHA Form 301.

  

An annual summary is prepared at the end 

of each calendar year using OSHA Form 

300A (Summary of Work-Related Injuries 

and Illnesses).

  

You must electronically submit information 

from your Form 300A Summary to OSHA 

annually (by March 2 of the year after the 

calendar year covered by the form) if:

• You have an establishment with 250 or

more workers that is currently required to

keep OSHA injury and illness records, or

• You have an establishment with 20-

249 workers that is classified in certain

industries with historically high rates of

occupational injuries and illnesses.

  
11 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Recordkeeping and Reporting Yes No N/A Comments

You must electronically submit information 

from your OSHA Form 300 Log and Form 

301 Incident Report(s) to OSHA annually 

(by March 2 of the year after the calendar 

year covered by the forms) if you have an 

establishment with 100 or more workers in 

designated high-hazard industries.

  

Injury and illness records (OSHA 300, 300A, 

and 301) are kept at the worksite for at least 

five years.

  

Worker medical and exposure records are 

retained for the time period required for each 

specific type of record.

  

Worker training records are kept and 

accessible for review by workers, as required 

by OSHA standards.

  

All work-related fatalities are reported 

to OSHA within 8 hours. All work-related 

in-patient hospitalizations, amputations, 

and loss of an eye are reported to OSHA 

within 24 hours.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness

– 29 CFR 1910.1020, Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records

• OSHA: Injury and Illness Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

• OSHA: Report a Fatality or Severe Injury

• OSHA: Access to Medical and Exposure Records
12 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Compressed Gas Cylinders

Compressed Gas Cylinders Yes No N/A Comments

Cylinders are clearly marked to identify 

their contents.   

Cylinders are stored where they cannot 

be damaged by passing or falling 

objects, and not subject to tampering by 

unauthorized persons.

  

Cylinders are regularly examined for obvious 

signs of defects, deep rusting, and leakage.   

Care is used in handling and storage of 

cylinders, safety valves, relief valves, etc., 

to prevent damage.

  

Care is taken to not drop or strike cylinders.   

Cylinders without fixed wheels have keys, 

handles, or non-adjustable wrenches on 

stem valves when in service.

  

Liquefied gases are stored and shipped valveend up with valve-protection caps in place.   

Valve-protection caps are placed on 

cylinders when the cylinders are not in use, 

or connected for use.

  

Valves are closed before cylinders are 

moved, when cylinders are empty, and at 

the completion of each job.

  

Empty cylinders are appropriately marked 

and their valves are closed.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.101, Compressed Gases

– 29 CFR 1910.110, Storage and Handling of Liquid Petroleum Gases

• OSHA: Compressed Gas and Equipment
13 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments

Electrical work performed by workers or 

contractors complies with OSHA standards.   

Sufficient access and working space is 

provided and maintained around all 

electrical equipment to permit ready and 

safe operations and maintenance.

  

Workers make preliminary inspections and 

perform appropriate tests to determine 

conditions before starting work on electrical 

equipment or lines.

  

In wet or damp locations, electrical tools and 

equipment are appropriate for the use or 

location or otherwise protected.

  

Metal measuring tapes, ropes, hand-lines and 

similar devices with metallic thread woven 

into the fabric are not used where they could 

come in contact with energized parts of 

equipment or circuit conductors.

  

Portable ladders with nonconductive side 

rails are used where the worker or the ladder 

could contact exposed energized parts of 

equipment, fixtures, or circuit conductors.

  

Disconnecting switches and circuit 

breakers are labeled to indicate their use or 

equipment served.

  

Electrical installations are approved not 

only for the class of location, but also for the 

ignitable or combustible properties of the 

specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that may 

be present.

  
14 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments

Whenever a worker is exposed to contact 

with parts of fixed electric equipment or 

circuits that have been de-energized, the 

circuits energizing the parts are locked out or 

tagged, as appropriate.

  

Workers who regularly work on or around 

energized electrical equipment or lines 

are instructed in cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation (CPR).

  

Workers do not work alone on energized 

lines or equipment over 600 volts.   

Barricades and safety signs are used to 

prevent or limit access to areas where 

workers could be exposed to uninsulated 

energized conductors or circuit parts.

  

Cord-connected, electrically operated tools 

and equipment are effectively grounded or 

of the approved double insulated type.

  

Flexible cord sets (extensions cords) used 

with grounding-type equipment have 

grounding conductors.

  

Cord-connected, electrically operated 

equipment, and flexible cord sets (extension 

cords) are visually inspected before use for 

external defects (e.g., loose parts, deformed 

and missing pins, or damage to outer jacket 

or insulation) and for evidence of possible 

internal damage (e.g., pinched or crushed 

outer jacket).

  

Exposed wiring, and cords with frayed or 

deteriorated insulation, are immediately 

removed from service.

  
15 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments

Flexible cords are only used in continuous 

lengths without splice or tap.   

Multiple plug adaptors are not used.   

Electrical appliances such as vacuum 

cleaners, polishers, vending machines, etc., 

are grounded.

  

Non-grounding type receptacles and 

connectors are not used for grounding-type 

attachment plugs.

  

Ground-fault circuit interrupters are installed 

on each temporary 15 or 20 ampere, 

120 volt alternating current (AC) circuit at 

locations where construction, demolition, 

modifications, alterations, etc., are performed.

  

Metal cable trays, metal raceways, and metal 

enclosures for conductors are grounded.   

Disconnecting means are always opened 

before fuses are replaced.   

Flexible cords and cables are connected to 

devices and fittings so that strain relief is 

provided to prevent pull from being directly 

transmitted to joints or terminal screws.

  

Cord, cable, and raceway connections are 

intact and secure.   

Energized parts of electrical circuits and 

equipment are guarded against accidental 

contact by approved cabinets or enclosures.

  

Unused openings (including conduit knockouts) 

in electrical enclosures and fittings are closed 

with appropriate covers, plugs, or plates.

  
16 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety Yes No N/A Comments

Electrical enclosures such as switches, 

receptacles, junction boxes, etc., are provided 

with tight-fitting covers or plates.

  

The location of electrical power lines and 

cables (overhead, underground, under floor, 

other side of walls, etc.) is determined before 

digging, drilling, or similar work is begun.

  

Temporary circuits are protected by suitable 

disconnecting switches or plug connectors at 

the junction with permanent wiring.

  

Disconnecting switches for electrical motors 

in excess of two horsepower are able to 

open the circuit when the motor is stalled 

without exploding.

  

Low voltage protection is provided in the 

control devices of motors driving machines 

or equipment that could cause injury from 

inadvertent starting.

  

Motor disconnecting switches or circuit 

breakers are located within sight of the 

motor control device.

  

The controller for each motor that exceeds 

two horsepower is rated equal to, or above, 

the rating of the motor it serves.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.303, General Electrical Requirements 

– 29 CFR 1910.305, Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use

– 29 CFR 1910.334, Use of Electrical Equipment

• OSHA: Electrical

• NIOSH: Electrical Safety
17 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Ergonomics

Ergonomics—fitting the job to the worker—helps prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). There are 

several known activities that increase a worker’s risk of MSDs, such as frequent lifting of heavy objects, 

frequently reaching overhead, repetitive forceful pushing and pulling, working in awkward positions, 

and highly repetitive hand activity like cutting, scanning, and using vibrating hand tools. This checklist 

highlights key elements of an ergonomic program that help to identify and reduce the risk of injury 

and MSDs in the workplace.

Ergonomics Yes No N/A Comments

Managers demonstrate their leadership in 

reducing MSDs by encouraging workers to 

participate in reducing MSDs and providing 

time and money to eliminate ergonomic 

risk factors.

  

Workers participate in the process of 

identifying and eliminating ergonomic 

risk factors.

  

Existing problems have been identified 

by reviewing OSHA 300 logs, workers’ 

compensation records, first aid logs, 

accident and near-miss investigation reports, 

insurance company reports, or employee 

reports of symptoms.

  

Workers, supervisors, and managers are 

trained on the signs and symptoms of 

MSDs, including how to report early signs 

and symptoms of MSDs and their role in 

reducing MSDs.

  

The effectiveness of training is periodically 

evaluated with input from workers.   

A worksite analysis has been performed to 

identify ergonomics-related hazards with 

input from workers. 

  
18 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Ergonomics Yes No N/A Comments

Steps have been taken to reduce the risk of 

MSDs by implementing engineering controls 

(e.g., using devices to lift heavy objects, 

reducing the weight of a load, repositioning 

workstations), administrative and work 

practice controls (e.g., rotating tasks to 

mitigate factors), and personal protective 

equipment. Engineering controls are the most 

desirable when possible.

  

Training has been provided on using controls 

to reduce MSDs.   

Workers participate in the evaluation of 

controls to reduce ergonomic risk factors in 

their work area.

  

A qualified health care provider in workrelated MSDs has reviewed the medical 

protocols to manage reports and treatment of 

MSD signs and symptoms.

  

A process is in place to periodically 

evaluate the steps taken to identify and 

control ergonomic risk factors, including 

management leadership, employee 

involvement, training, identification and 

control of risk factors, and early reporting and 

treatment of MSD symptoms.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA: Ergonomics (includes information on many specific tasks and industries, including work with 

computers, retail grocery, nursing homes, meatpacking, foundries, and shipyards)

• NIOSH: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (includes information on elements of an 

ergonomics program, interventions by industry, selection of non-powered hand tools, and more)

• NIOSH: Elements of Ergonomics Programs (provides information on ergonomic risk factors, training, 

collecting health and medical evidence, program implementation, program evaluation, worker 

recovery, and management commitment/employee involvement)
19 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Exit Routes and Emergency Planning

Doors Yes No N/A Comments

Doors that are required to serve as exits are 

designed and constructed so that the path of 

exit travel is obvious and direct.

  

Exit doors and doors in the required path to 

the exit are not locked, blocked, or otherwise 

obstructed.

  

Exit doors can be opened from the direction 

of exit travel without the use of a key, tool, 

or any special knowledge or effort when the 

building is occupied.

  

Exit doors are side-hinged and swing.   

No revolving, sliding, or overhead doors serve 

as required exit doors.   

Panic hardware or fire exit hardware installed on 

a required exit door allows the door to open by 

applying a force of 15 pounds (6.80 kilograms) 

or less in the direction of the exit traffic.

  

Doors on cold storage rooms are provided 

with an inside release mechanism that 

releases the latch and open the door even if 

the door is padlocked or otherwise locked on 

the outside.

  

Where exit doors open directly onto a street, 

alley, or other area where vehicles may be 

operated, adequate barriers and warnings are 

provided to prevent workers from stepping 

into the path of traffic.

  
20 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Doors Yes No N/A Comments

Doors that swing in both directions and 

are located between rooms where there is 

frequent traffic are provided with viewing 

panels in each door.

  

Glass doors, glass panels in doors, windows, 

etc., that are subject to human impact, 

are made of safety glass that meets the 

requirements for human impact.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes

– 29 CFR 1910.36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

– 29 CFR 1910.37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

• OSHA: Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes
21 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Emergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments

An emergency action plan is in place to 

guide employer and worker actions during 

workplace emergencies.

NOTE: While an emergency action plan 

is only required when an OSHA standard 

requires one, having a plan is a good way 

to prepare and protect workers and the 

business during an emergency.

  

The plan considers all potential natural or 

man-made emergencies that could disrupt 

the workplace.

  

The plan considers all potential internal 

sources of emergencies that could disrupt 

the workplace.

  

The plan considers the impact of these 

internal and external emergencies on 

workplace operations and the response is 

tailored to the workplace.

  

The plan contains a list of key personnel 

with contact information as well as contact 

information for local emergency responders, 

agencies, and contractors.

  

The plan contains the names, titles, 

departments, and telephone numbers 

of individuals to contact for additional 

information or an explanation of duties and 

responsibilities under the plan.

  

The plan addresses how medical assistance 

will be provided.   
22 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Emergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments

The plan identifies how or where personal 

information on workers can be obtained in 

an emergency.

  

The plan identifies the conditions under 

which an evacuation would be necessary.   

The plan identifies a clear chain of command 

and designates a person authorized to order 

an evacuation or shutdown of operations.

  

The plan addresses the types of actions 

expected of different workers for the various 

types of potential emergencies.

  

The plan designates who, if anyone, will 

stay to shut down critical operations during 

an evacuation.

  

The plan outlines specific evacuation routes 

and exits and these are posted in the 

workplace where they are easily accessible 

to all workers.

  

The plan address procedures for assisting 

people during evacuations, particularly those 

with disabilities or who do not speak English.

  

The plan identifies one or more assembly 

areas (as necessary for different types of 

emergencies) where workers will gather and 

a method for accounting for all workers.

  

The plan addresses how visitors will be 

assisted in evacuation and accounted for.   
23 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Emergency Action Plans Yes No N/A Comments

The plan identifies a preferred method for 

reporting fires and other emergencies.   

The plan describes the method to be used to 

alert workers, including disabled workers, to 

evacuate or take other action.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans

– 29 CFR 1910.39, Fire Prevention Plans

• OSHA: Evacuation Plans and Procedures

• OSHA: Emergency Preparedness and Response

• OSHA: COVID-19

• CDC: COVID-19
24 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) Yes No N/A Comments

There are sufficient exits to permit prompt 

escape in case of emergency.   

The number of exits from each floor or level, 

and the number of exits from the building 

itself, are appropriate for the occupant load.

  

At least two means of egress are provided 

from elevated platforms, pits, and rooms 

where the absence of a second exit 

would increase the risk of injury from hot, 

poisonous, corrosive, suffocating, flammable, 

or explosive substances.

  

Routes (means of egress) to exits, when not 

immediately apparent, are marked with 

visible exit signs.

  

All exits are marked with exit signs that are 

illuminated either internally or by a reliable 

light source.

  

Exit signs are labeled with the word “EXIT” in 

lettering at least 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) 

high and the stroke of the lettering at least 

3/4 inch (1.9 centimeters) wide.

  

Doors, passageways and stairways that are 

neither exits nor access to exits, but could 

be mistaken for exits, are appropriately 

marked “NOT AN EXIT,” “TO BASEMENT,” 

“STOREROOM,” etc.

  

Emergency lighting, where provided, is 

tested for 30 seconds each month, and 

annually for 90 minutes.

  
25 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) Yes No N/A Comments

Ramps that are used as part of required 

exiting from a building have a slope limited 

to 1 foot (0.3048 meter) vertical and 12 feet 

(3.6576 meters) horizontal.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes

– 29 CFR 1910.36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

– 29 CFR 1910.37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

– 29 CFR 1910.38, Emergency Action Plans

• OSHA: Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes
26 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Fire Protection

Fire Extinguishers Yes No N/A Comments

If portable fire extinguishers are provided 

in the workplace, and designated workers 

are expected to use them, the workers are 

provided with initial training in their use and 

at least annually thereafter.

  

Portable fire extinguishers of the appropriate 

types(s) are provided in adequate numbers, 

and mounted in readily accessible locations.

NOTE: Refer to National Fire Protection 

Association standard #10 (NFPA 10) for 

guidance on types, numbers, and locations.

  

Fire extinguishers are selected and provided 

for the types of materials in the areas where 

they are to be used.

• Class A - Ordinary combustible materials.

• Class B - Flammable liquids, gases or oils.

• Class C - Energized-electrical equipment.

• Class D – Combustible metals.

• Class K – Kitchens; cooking with vegetable 

or animal oils and fats.

  

Fire extinguishers are visually inspected 

monthly, and the inspection is recorded.   

Fire extinguisher discharge nozzles are free 

from obstructions or blockage.   

Fire extinguishers are fully charged and in 

their designated places.   

Fire extinguishers receive an annual 

maintenance check, and the maintenance 

is recorded.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.157, Portable Fire Extinguishers

• OSHA: Portable Fire Extinguishers

• OSHA: Fire Safety
27 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Fire Suppression and Alarm Systems Yes No N/A Comments

Fire alarm system has been certified, 

is in proper working condition, and is 

tested annually.

  

Testing and maintenance of automatic 

sprinkler systems is performed by a qualified 

worker or sprinkler contractor.

  

Automatic sprinkler system water control valves 

and pressure gages are checked periodically.   

Sprinkler heads subject to potential physical 

damage are protected by metal guards.   

Proper clearance (minimum 18 inches) is 

maintained below sprinkler heads.   

Standpipes, fire hoses, and fire hose valves, 

are inspected regularly and tested annually.   

Private fire hydrants are flushed at least 

once a year and are on a routine preventive 

maintenance schedule.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.158, Standpipe and Hose Systems

– 29 CFR 1910.159, Automatic Sprinkler Systems

– 29 CFR 1910.160, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General

– 29 CFR 1910.161, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Dry Chemical

– 29 CFR 1910.162, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Gaseous Agent

– 29 CFR 1910.163, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Water Spray and Foam

– 29 CFR 1910.164, Fire Detection Systems

– 29 CFR 1910.165, Employee Alarm Systems

• OSHA: Fixed Extinguishing Systems

• OSHA: Fire Detection Systems

• OSHA: Employee Alarm Systems
28 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Flammable and Combustible Liquids 

and Materials Yes No N/A Comments

Combustible scrap, debris and waste 

materials (oily rags, etc.) are stored in covered 

metal receptacles and promptly removed 

from the worksite.

  

Proper storage is practiced to minimize the risk 

of fire, including spontaneous combustion.   

Approved containers and tanks are used 

to store and handle flammable and 

combustible liquids.

  

All connections on drums and combustible 

liquid piping are vapor and liquid tight.   

All flammable liquids are kept in closed 

containers when not in use (e.g., parts 

cleaning tanks, pans, etc.).

  

Where flammable liquids are transferred 

and dispensed, appropriate grounding and 

bonding methods are used to minimize the 

generation of static electricity.

  

Inside storage rooms for flammable and 

combustible liquids have mechanical or 

gravity ventilation.

  

Explosion-proof electrical wiring, lights, and 

equipment are used, in inside storage rooms 

used for flammable liquids.

  

Liquefied petroleum gas is stored, handled, 

and used in accordance with safe practices 

and standards.

  
29 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Flammable and Combustible Liquids 

and Materials Yes No N/A Comments

“NO SMOKING” signs are posted on liquefied 

petroleum gas tanks.   

“NO SMOKING” signs are in areas where 

flammable or combustible materials are used 

and stored.

  

Liquefied petroleum storage tanks are 

guarded to prevent damage from vehicles.   

All solvent wastes and flammable liquids kept 

in fire-resistant, covered containers until they 

are removed from the worksite.

  

Safety cans are used for dispensing 

flammable or combustible liquids at the 

point of use.

  

Spills of flammable or combustible liquids are 

cleaned up promptly.   

Storage tanks are adequately vented to 

prevent the development of excessive vacuum 

or pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or 

atmosphere temperature changes.

  

Storage tanks are equipped with emergency 

venting that relieve excessive internal 

pressure caused by fire exposure.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations

– 29 CFR 1910.106, Flammable Liquids

– 29 CFR 1910.107, Spray Finishing with Flammable and Combustible Materials
30 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

Explosive (Powder) Actuated 

Fastening Tools Yes No N/A Comments

Each worker who operates an explosiveactuated tool is trained in its use and has a 

valid operator’s card.

  

Explosive-actuated tools are left unloaded 

until they are ready to be used.   

Explosive-actuated tools are inspected for 

obstructions or defects before use.   

Each explosive-actuated tool is stored in its 

own locked container when not being used.   

Workers who operate explosive-actuated 

tools use appropriate PPE.   

A sign at least 7 inches (17.78 centimeters) 

by 10 inches (25.40 centimeters) with bold 

face type reading “POWDER-” or “EXPLOSIVEACTUATED TOOL IN USE” is conspicuously 

posted when the tool is being used.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

• OSHA: Hand and Power Tools
31 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hand Tools and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Appropriate safety glasses, face shields, and 

other PPE are used while using hand tools 

or equipment that might produce flying 

materials or be subject to breakage.

  

All tools and equipment (both company and 

worker-owned) used at the workplace are in 

good condition.

  

Workers have been advised of hazards 

caused by faulty or improperly used 

hand tools.

  

Hand tools, such as chisels, punches, 

etc., which develop mushroomed heads 

during use are reconditioned or replaced 

as necessary.

  

Tools cutting edges are kept sharp so 

that tools move smoothly without binding 

or skipping.

  

Tool handles are wedged tightly into the 

heads of all tools.   

Broken or fractured handles on hammers, 

axes, and similar equipment are replaced.   

Tools are stored in a dry, secure location 

where tampering is not possible.   

Worn or bent wrenches are replaced.   

Appropriate handles are used on files and 

similar tools.   

Jacks are inspected to ensure they are in 

good operating condition.   
32 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hand Tools and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Jacks receive appropriate maintenance and 

are lubricated at regular intervals.   

Jacks only lift loads within their rated capacity.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.242, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

– 29 CFR 1910.243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

– 29 CFR 1910.244, Other Portable Tools and Equipment

• OSHA: Hand and Power Tools
33 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Portable (Power Operated) Tools 

and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Power tools are equipped with proper 

shields, guards, or attachments, as 

recommended by the manufacturer.

  

Grinders, saws and other equipment are 

provided with appropriate guards.   

Portable fans are provided with full guards 

or screens having openings 1/2 inch 

(1.2700 centimeters) or less.

  

Portable circular saws are equipped with the 

proper guards above and below the base 

plate or shoe.

  

Circular saw guards are checked to ensure 

that they are not wedged up, leaving the 

lower portion of the blade unguarded.

  

Cord-connected, electrically operated tools 

and equipment are effectively grounded or 

of the approved double insulated type.

  

Rotating or moving parts of equipment are 

guarded to prevent physical contact.   

Pneumatic and hydraulic hoses on powderoperated tools are checked regularly for 

deterioration or damage.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.242, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

– 29 CFR 1910.243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

– 29 CFR 1910.244, Other Portable Tools and Equipment

• OSHA: Hand and Power Tools

• NIOSH: Nail Gun Safety

• NIOSH: Robotics

• NIOSH: Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention
34 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hazard Communication and Chemicals

Hazard Communication Yes No N/A Comments

A written plan has been developed to ensure 

that workers are informed and understand 

the hazards of chemicals in the workplace.

  

A list or inventory of all hazardous chemicals 

in the workplace has been prepared (including 

housekeeping/cleaning chemicals).

  

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for each hazardous 

chemical in the workplace are up-to-date 

and readily accessible to workers.

  

Labels are kept on shipped containers; 

including: product identifier, signal 

word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s), 

precautionary statement(s), and supplier 

information.

  

Workplace containers are labeled where 

required (e.g., chemicals received in large 

containers that are transferred to smaller 

containers).

  

Workplace signs and other forms of 

communication are reviewed, revised, and 

updated as appropriate, such as when new 

information becomes available.

  

Workers are trained on the requirements 

of the hazard communication standard, 

hazards of chemicals, appropriate protective 

measures, and where and how to obtain 

additional information.

  

Workers are trained on the hazardous 

chemicals in their work area before 

initial assignment, and when new hazards 

are introduced.

  
35 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hazard Communication Yes No N/A Comments

Workers understand SDS and where to 

find them.   

Workers understand labels received on 

shipped containers and details of the 

workplace labeling system.

  

The hazard communication program 

is reviewed periodically to ensure it is 

meeting its objectives, and is revised/

updated as appropriate to address changes 

in the workplace (e.g., new chemicals, new 

hazards, etc.).

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication

• OSHA: Hazard Communication

• OSHA: Hazard Communication – Small Entity Compliance Guide
36 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hazardous Chemicals Yes No N/A Comments

A written hazardous communication 

program is in place for the workplace.   

Workers have been informed about all 

operations where hazardous chemicals 

are present.

  

Containers of hazardous chemicals are 

labeled and Safety Data Sheets are available 

(see Hazard Communication section above).

  

Eye-wash fountains and safety showers are 

provided and maintained in areas where 

hazardous chemicals are handled.

  

Chemical piping systems are clearly marked 

as to their contents.   

Worker exposure to hazardous chemicals is 

kept within acceptable levels.   

Medical or biological monitoring systems 

are in operation for eligible workers (e.g.,

exposure to cadmium, lead).

  

Workers use appropriate personal protective 

clothing and equipment when handling 

hazardous chemicals (e.g., gloves, eye/face 

protection, respirators, etc.).

  

Chemicals are kept in closed containers when 

not in use.   

Materials that give off toxic, asphyxiant, 

suffocating, or anesthetic fumes are stored in 

remote or isolated locations when not in use.

  
37 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hazardous Chemicals Yes No N/A Comments

Standard operating procedures for cleaning 

up chemical spills are established and are 

being followed.

  

Corrosive liquids that are frequently handled 

in open containers, or drawn from storage 

vessels or pipelines, have adequate means 

readily available for neutralizing or disposing 

of spills or overflows, and clean-up is 

performed properly and safely.

  

Hazardous substances are handled in 

properly designed and exhausted booths or 

similar locations, where possible.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication

– 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances

• OSHA: Chemical Hazards and Toxic Substances

• OSHA: Occupational Chemical Database

• OSHA: Transitioning to Safer Chemicals

• NIOSH: Managing Chemical Safety in the Workplace

• NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

• NIOSH: Nanotechnology
38 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Heat-related Illness Prevention

Heat-related Illness Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

Are any of these job-related risk factors for heat exposure present in your workplace?

Outdoor work in warm/hot weather or 

direct sun.   

Indoor work in warm/hot environments with 

heat sources such as ovens, fires, hot tar, and/

or other radiant heat sources.

  

Moderate to strenuous physical activity 

performed in warm/hot indoor or outdoor 

environments.

  

Wearing heavy or non-breathable work 

clothes and/or personal protective 

equipment (PPE) in warm/hot indoor or 

outdoor environments.

  

High relative humidity combined with a 

warm/hot indoor or outdoor environment.   

Other factors not listed above, such as lack 

of air movement or lack of air-conditioning, 

combined with a warm/hot indoor or 

outdoor environment.

  

If you checked “Yes” for any of the above, use the following checklist to assess your preparedness:

A written plan is in place to prevent heatrelated injury and illness.   

The plan contains procedures for heat events, 

such as when the National Weather Service 

issues a heat advisory or heat warning.

  

The plan requires the assessment of 

environmental heat at the worksite (e.g.,

continually monitoring temperature, heat 

index, or Wet Bulb Globe Temperature 

[WBGT]) and considers how physical activity 

and clothing/PPE affect heat stress of workers.

  
39 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Heat-related Illness Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

Procedures are in place to determine throughout 

the day if heat is hazardous to workers.   

A designated, trained individual at the 

worksite is responsible for (1) assessing and 

monitoring conditions (e.g., temperature 

and humidity) and workers for symptoms 

of heat-related illness, (2) implementing the 

heat plan when necessary, and (3) notifying 

workers when the heat plan is in effect.

  

An acclimatization plan is in place to modify 

work duties for and to closely supervise 

(1) new workers, (2) temporary or contract 

workers, and (3) workers returning from 

extended leave to ensure they gradually build 

tolerance to heat. The plan should also require 

supervisors to monitor these workers for 

symptoms of heat-related injury and illness.

  

Engineering controls (e.g., shade structures 

with cool air temperatures, reflective barriers, 

ventilation) are used to reduce heat stress.

  

Fluids (e.g., cool, potable water, sports 

drinks) are readily available and are 

provided to workers, and supervisors 

ensure they are hydrating.

  

Rest breaks are provided and their length 

and frequency are adjusted, as needed.

Supervisors ensure breaks are taken.

  

Shade or a cooled area for rest and hydration 

breaks is provided.   

A buddy system is in place so workers observe 

each other for signs of heat-related illness.   

Supervisors and workers have a way to 

contact emergency services. Instructions for 

what to do in case of a heat-related medical 

emergency are posted at the worksite.

  
40 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Heat-related Illness Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

Workers know how to and are expected to 

report to the employer any symptoms of heatrelated illnesses that develop while working.

  

Supervisors and workers are provided with proper training in a language they understand on 

the following topics:

Identifying and controlling heat hazards and 

understanding environmental risk factors.   

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of 

heat-related injuries and illnesses.   

Understanding that there are individual 

factors that may impact workers’ risk for 

developing heat illness.

  

Administering first aid and CPR for 

heat-related illness.   

Activating emergency medical services 

quickly when needed.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA: Signs and Symptoms of Heat Illness

• OSHA: Heat Illness Prevention Campaign

• OSHA: Safety and Health Topics: Heat

• OSHA: Technical Manual - Heat Stress

• OSHA-NIOSH Heat Safety Tool

• NIOSH: Heat Stress

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Heat Safety Tips and Resources
41 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Infection Control Plan

 Infection Control Plan Yes No N/A Comments

Conduct a hazard assessment to identify 

job tasks in which workers have potential 

occupational exposure to infectious agents.

  

Use the hazard assessment to identify which 

workers have potential for occupational 

exposure to infectious agents.

  

Implement policies, procedures, and 

processes demonstrated to be effective 

in preventing or minimizing transmission 

of infectious agents to exposed workers 

including, e.g., hand hygiene, cleaning and 

disinfection, ventilation, general sanitation 

precautions, handling contaminated materials, 

and using personal protective equipment.

  

Perform routine environmental cleaning and 

disinfection, especially all frequently touched 

surfaces, such as workstations, countertops, 

handrails, and doorknobs.

  

Ensure handwashing stations with potable 

water, soap, and a method to dry hands are 

available to workers. Additionally, ensure hand 

sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol is available.

  

Ensure potable water is provided for 

drinking, personal hygiene, cooking, washing 

of goods, washing of utensils, washing of 

food preparation or processing premises, 

and rooms not directly connected with the 

production or service performed by the 

establishment (e.g., first-aid, medical services, 

and dressing).

  
42 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

 Infection Control Plan Yes No N/A Comments

Ensure workers are trained and aware 

of specific workplace practices for hand 

washing, food preparation and food 

handling, handling sharp instruments, 

handling laundry, disposing of contaminated 

materials, and cleaning/decontamination of 

reusable equipment. 

  

Ensure workers are trained on infectious 

disease exposure prevention and control 

procedures at an appropriate literacy level 

and in a language they understand (e.g.,

training on hand washing, food preparation 

and food handling, handling sharp 

instruments, handling laundry, disposal 

of contaminated materials, and cleaning/

decontamination of reusable equipment).

  

Provide annual training on vaccination 

(e.g., Hepatitis B, influenza, COVID-19, 

tetanus, etc.), including information from 

local health departments.

  

Implement a flexible sick leave policy that 

allows and encourages workers to stay home 

while sick.

  

Ensure infectious waste is placed in closable, 

leak-proof containers, bags, or punctureresistant containers with proper labels.

  

Dispose of contaminated sharps in punctureresistant containers that are properly 

identified and labeled.

  
43 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

 Infection Control Plan Yes No N/A Comments

Provide personal protective equipment 

(e.g., gloves, eye protection, masks or NIOSH 

Approved® respirators) when necessary 

to prevent or minimize transmission of 

infectious agents.

NIOSH Approved is a certification mark of 

the U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services (HHS) registered in the United States 

and several international jurisdictions.

  

Ensure the use of appropriate eye, facial, and 

respiratory protection when workers are 

exposed to excessive dust or dirt, and where 

there may be rodent activity.

  

Train workers who may encounter animals 

as part of their job duties at least annually 

on how to protect themselves, what to do 

in the event of an animal scratch or bite, and 

how to recognize a diseased animal (e.g., an 

animal with rabies).

  

Ensure workers wear protective clothing (e.g.,

long pants and long-sleeved shirts) when 

working in environments known to harbor 

mosquitos and/or ticks.

  

Encourage outdoor workers to wear 

mosquito- and tick-prevention sprays (e.g.,

20% DEET) when appropriate.

  

During periods of increased respiratory 

illness in the community (e.g., seasonal 

influenza, COVID-19), ensure that workers 

wear well-fitting masks or respirators 

if necessary to prevent or minimize 

transmission of infectious agents. 

  
44 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

 Infection Control Plan Yes No N/A Comments

Ensure that infectious diseases acquired from 

work exposure are recorded on OSHA Forms 

300 and 301 by employers subject to OSHA’s 

recordkeeping requirements.

  

Ensure work-related infectious diseases 

resulting in a fatality are reported to OSHA 

within 8 hours, and work-related in-patient 

hospitalization are reported to OSHA within 

24 hours.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.141, Sanitation

– 29 CFR 1910.142 – Temporary Labor Camps

– 29 CFR 1910.1020, Access to medical records for exposed staff

– 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment

– 29 CFR 1910 Subpart K, Medical and First Aid

– 29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens

• OSHA: Safety and Health Topics Pages (Use the search box or the alphabetical list for topics related 

to infectious diseases.)

• NIOSH 

– Immune, Infectious, and Dermal Disease Prevention Program

– Bloodborne Infectious Diseases

– Mosquito-Borne Diseases

– Tick-Borne Diseases

– Directory of Personal Protective Equipment 

• CDC

– CDC Current Outbreak List

– COVID-19

– Flu Resources for Business

– Traveler’s Health

• USDA: Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO)
45 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Lockout/Tagout Procedures 

Lockout/Tagout Procedures Yes No N/A Comments

A lockout/tagout procedure has been 

developed in writing, and is reviewed at 

least annually.

  

The lockout procedure requires that stored 

energy (mechanical, hydraulic, air, etc.) is 

released or blocked before equipment is 

locked out for service and maintenance.

  

Authorized workers have been trained on the 

lockout/tagout procedure, and are provided 

with personal safety locks or other approved 

lockout devices.

  

A means is provided to identify the worker(s) 

working on locked out equipment by the 

lock(s) or accompanying tag(s).

  

Machinery or equipment is locked out 

at the main power source; not at a push 

button, selector switch, or other control 

circuit type device.

  

Equipment control valve handles are 

provided with a means for locking out.   

For equipment or lines that cannot be shut 

down, or locked out and tagged, a safe job 

procedure is established and rigidly followed.

  

Energy source isolation is verified before 

work begins.   

Verification is accomplished by testing 

machinery, gauges, or other approved means.   
46 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Lockout/Tagout Procedures Yes No N/A Comments

Machinery and equipment capable of 

movement is de-energized, or disengaged 

and blocked, or locked out during cleaning, 

servicing, adjusting, or setting up operations.

  

Where the disconnecting means for 

equipment does not also disconnect the 

electrical control circuit, the appropriate 

electrical enclosures are identified; and a 

means is provided to assure the control circuit 

can also be disconnected and locked out.

  

Workers keep personal control of their keys 

while they have safety locks in use.   

Only the worker exposed to the hazard is 

permitted to place or remove the safety lock.   

Workers check the safety of the lockout by 

attempting a startup after making sure no 

one is exposed.

  

A sufficient number of accident prevention 

signs or tags and safety padlocks are 

provided for any reasonably foreseeable 

repair emergency.

  

When machine operations, configuration, 

or size make it necessary for the operator 

to leave the control station, and part of the 

machine could move if accidentally activated, 

the part is separately locked out or blocked.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

• OSHA: Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

• OSHA: Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program

• NIOSH: Using Lockout and Tagout Procedures to Prevent Injury and Death during 

Machine Maintenance
47 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Machine Guarding

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders Yes No N/A Comments

Bench and pedestal grinders are 

permanently mounted.   

Abrasive grinders have safety guards that 

cover the spindle, nut and flange projections; 

the guards are mounted to maintain 

proper alignment with the wheel; and 

the strength of the fastenings exceed the 

strength of the guards.

  

Work rests are used and kept adjusted to within 

1/8 inch (0.3175 centimeter) of the wheel.   

The adjustable tongue on the top side of the 

grinder is used and kept adjusted to within 

1/4 inch (0.6350 centimeters) of the wheel.

  

Vertical or Right Angle Head portable grinder 

safety guards are located between the 

operator and wheel during use, and have a 

maximum exposure angle of 180 degrees.

  

The maximum revolutions per minute (rpm) 

rating of each abrasive wheel is compatible 

with the rpm rating of the grinder motor.

  

Each grinder has an individual on and off 

control switch.   

All hand-held grinders shall have the 

appropriate power control switch 

configuration.

  

New abrasive wheels are visually inspected 

and ring tested before they are mounted.   
48 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders Yes No N/A Comments

Dust collectors and powered exhausts are 

provided on grinders used in operations that 

produce large amounts of dust.

  

Splash guards are mounted on grinders that 

use coolant to prevent the coolant from 

reaching workers.

  

Workers use appropriate PPE when grinding.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.215, Abrasive Wheel Machinery

• OSHA: Abrasive Wheel Grinder Checklist

• NIOSH: Abrasive Blasting
49 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Fixed machines are anchored to prevent 

tipping or other movement.   

The operator and other workers in the 

machine area are protected from hazards 

created at the point of operation, ingoing nip 

points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks.

  

Operators use special hand tools for placing 

and removing material where needed to 

protect their hands.

  

Machine guards are secured and arranged so 

they do not cause a hazard while in use.   

Revolving drums, barrels, and containers are 

guarded by an enclosure that is interlocked 

with the drive mechanism so that revolution 

cannot occur unless the guard enclosure is 

in place.

  

Fan blades are protected with a guard 

having openings no larger than l/2 inch 

(1.2700 centimeters) when operating 

within 7 feet (2.1336 meters) of the floor 

or working level.

  

Pulleys and belts within 7 feet (2.1336 meters) of 

the floor or working level are properly guarded.   

Moving chains and gears are properly guarded.   

Workers are trained on safe methods of 

machine operation.   

A program is in place for regular safety 

inspections of machinery and equipment.   
50 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

All machinery and equipment are kept clean 

and properly maintained.   

Sufficient clearance is provided around 

and between machines to allow for safe 

operations, set up and servicing, material 

handling and waste removal.

  

A power shut-off switch is provided 

within reach of the operator’s position 

at each machine.

  

Hazardous energy to machines and 

equipment can be locked out for servicing 

and maintenance.

  

Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of 

electrically operated machines are bonded 

and grounded.

  

Foot-operated switches are guarded or 

arranged to prevent accidental actuation by 

a person or falling object.

  

Manually operated valves and switches 

controlling the operation of equipment 

and machines clearly identified and 

readily accessible.

  

Emergency stop buttons are colored red.   

Splash guards are mounted on machines 

that use coolant to prevent the coolant from 

reaching workers.

  

Arbors and mandrels have firm and secure 

bearings, and are free of play.   

Provisions are made to prevent machines 

from automatically starting when power is 

restored after a power failure or shutdown.

  
51 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Machines are constructed so as to be free 

from excessive vibration when the largest 

size tool is mounted and run at full speed.

  

Saws used for ripping are equipped with 

anti-kickback devices and spreaders.   

Radial arm saws are arranged so that the 

cutting head gently returns to the back of the 

table when released.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.212, General Requirements for All Machines

• OSHA: Machine Guarding

• NIOSH: Machine Safety
52 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Materials Handling and Storage

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Hoisting equipment is available and used for 

lifting heavy objects, and hoist ratings and 

characteristics are appropriate for the task.

  

Overhead and gantry cranes are periodically 

inspected for defects or safety concerns 

in 1 to 12 month intervals depending on 

equipment activity, severity of service, 

and environment.

  

All ropes are thoroughly inspected at least 

once a month and a certification record 

which includes the inspection date, inspector 

signature, and an identifier for inspected 

ropes, is kept on file.

  

All equipment with obvious signs of 

deterioration, leakage, or deformation is 

inspected daily.

  

Hooks with deformation or cracks and hoist 

chains, including end connections, are visually 

inspected daily and have a monthly inspection 

documented with a certification record.

  

Each overhead electric hoist is equipped with 

a limit switch/device to stop the hook at its 

highest and lowest point of safe travel.

  

Each hoist automatically stops and holds any 

load up to 125 percent of its rated load if its 

actuating force is removed.

  

The rated load of each hoist is legibly marked 

and visible to the operator.   

Stops are provided at the safe limits of travel 

for trolley hoists.   
53 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

Pendant control boxes are constructed to 

prevent electrical shock and have clearly 

labelled functions.

  

Pendant control stations are kept clean and 

function labels kept legible.   

Each cage-controlled hoist is equipped with 

an effective warning device.   

Close-fitting guards or other suitable 

devices are installed on each hoist to ensure 

that hoist ropes will be maintained in the 

sheave grooves.

  

Hoist chains or ropes are long enough to 

handle the full range of movement of the 

application while maintaining two full wraps 

around the drum at all times.

  

Guards are provided for nip points or 

contact points between hoist ropes and 

sheaves permanently located within 7 feet 

(2.1336 meters) of the floor, ground, or 

working platform.

  

Workers do not use twisted or kinked hoist 

chains or hoist ropes.   

Workers do not use hoist ropes or hoist 

chains wrapped around the load as a 

substitute for a sling.

  

The load is well secured and properly balanced 

before it is lifted more than a few inches.   

Operators are instructed to avoid carrying 

loads above people, and provisions are 

made to ensure that no one is below hoisted 

material or equipment.

  
54 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment Yes No N/A Comments

All unsafe conditions, identified by 

inspections, are corrected by designated 

workers before crane operation resumes.

  

Safety latches and other devices are 

used to prevent slippage of materials 

off hoisting hooks.

  

Chains, ropes, chokers, and slings are 

adequate for the materials they are securing.   

Hoist controls are plainly marked to indicate 

the direction of travel or motion.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes

– 29 CFR 1910.181, Derricks

– 29 CFR 1910.184, Slings

– 29 CFR 1910.219, Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus

• OSHA: Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety

• NIOSH Alert Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from Mobile Crane Tip-Over, Boom Collapse, and 

Uncontrolled Hoisted Loads
55 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Materials Handling Yes No N/A Comments

There is safe clearance for materials handling 

equipment through aisles and doorways.   

Aisles are permanently marked and kept clear 

to allow unhindered passage.   

Hand trucks, pallet jacks, powered industrial 

trucks, and other equipment used for 

materials handling are maintained in safe 

operating condition.

  

Motorized hand and hand/rider trucks are 

designed so that when the operator releases 

the grip on the device that controls the 

truck’s travel, the brakes are applied and 

power to the drive motor shuts off.

  

Trucks and trailers are secured from movement 

during loading and unloading operations.   

Dockboards (bridge plates) are used when 

loading and unloading operations are taking 

place between vehicles and docks.

  

Dockboards are capable of supporting the 

maximum intended load.   

Chutes and gravity roller sections are firmly 

placed or secured to prevent displacement.   

Chutes are equipped with sideboards of 

sufficient height to prevent the materials being 

handled from falling off, and provisions are 

made to brake the movement of the handled 

materials at the delivery end of rollers or chutes.

  

Pallets are inspected before being loaded 

or moved.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.176, Handling Materials

– 29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks

• OSHA: Materials Handling and Storage
56 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Powered Industrial Trucks Yes No N/A Comments

Workers are properly trained, and certified 

by the employer, to use of the type(s) of 

powered industrial truck(s) (PIT) they operate, 

and only trained workers operate the PIT.

  

Operator training and evaluation is 

conducted by someone who has the 

knowledge, training, and experience to train 

PIT operators.

  

PIT operator performance is evaluated at 

least once every three years, and workers 

are retrained as necessary.

  

Overhead protection is provided on high-lift 

rider trucks, unless it interferes with the 

operating conditions.

  

Any modifications and additions that 

affect PIT capacity and safe operations are 

only performed with manufacturer’s prior 

written approval.

  

PITs equipped with non-factory installed 

front-end attachments are marked to identify 

the attachments and show the approximate 

weight of the truck and attachments 

combination at maximum elevation with the 

load laterally centered.

  

Warning labels, tags, decals, plates, markings, 

etc., are updated, legible, and maintained.   

Directional lighting is provided on PITs that 

operate in areas with inadequate general 

lighting (less than 2-lumens per square foot).

  

PITs are operated at speeds that allow them 

to stop in a safe manner, under all travel 

conditions and acceptable loading levels.

  

Parking brakes prevent the PIT from moving 

when unattended.   
57 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Powered Industrial Trucks Yes No N/A Comments

PITs that operate in hazardous environments 

are approved for use in such locations.   

Safe distances are maintained from the edges 

of elevated ramps and platforms.   

Workers do not stand or pass under elevated 

portions of PITs, whether loaded or empty.   

Unauthorized workers are not permitted to 

ride on PITs.   

Operators are prohibited from driving up to 

anyone standing in front of a fixed object.   

Arms and legs are not placed between the 

uprights of the mast or outside the running 

lines of the PIT.

  

Loads handled do not exceed the rated 

capacity of the PIT.   

PITs are inspected at the beginning of each 

work shift for any safety concerns.   

PITs in need of repair are removed from 

service immediately.   

Fuel tanks are not filled while the engine 

is running.   

PITs are operated and maintained such that 

harmful concentrations of dangerous gases 

or fumes do not occur.

  

PITs have a warning horn, whistle, gong, or 

other device that can be clearly heard above 

normal noise in the areas where it is operated.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks

• OSHA: Powered Industrial Trucks - Forklifts
58 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Medical Services and First Aid

Medical Services and First Aid Yes No N/A Comments

A hospital, clinic, or infirmary for medical care 

is located near the workplace.   

If a medical facility is not located near the 

workplace, at least one worker on each shift 

is adequately trained and qualified to render 

first aid.

  

Medical personnel are readily available 

for advice and consultation on matters of 

workers’ health.

  

 Fully supplied first aid kits are easily 

accessible to each work area, are adequate 

for the particular area or operation, and 

are periodically inspected and replenished 

as needed.

  

Workers who only render first aid as a 

collateral duty are provided with appropriate 

PPE, such as gloves.

  

Workers who are expected to respond 

to medical emergencies as part of their 

job responsibilities have received first aid 

training; had hepatitis B vaccinations made 

available to them; had appropriate training on 

procedures to protect them from bloodborne 

pathogens, including universal precautions; 

and have available and understand how to use 

appropriate PPE to protect against exposure 

to bloodborne diseases.

  
59 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Medical Services and First Aid Yes No N/A Comments

Any worker that had an exposure incident 

involving bloodborne pathogens, received 

an immediate post-exposure confidential 

medical evaluation and follow-up.

  

Emergency phone numbers are posted.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.151, Medical Services and First Aid

– 29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens

• OSHA: Medical and First Aid

• OSHA: Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention

• NIOSH: Bloodborne Infectious Diseases
60 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Noise Exposure

Noise Exposure Yes No N/A Comments

Areas in the workplace where noise levels 

exceed 85 decibels have been identified 

and evaluated.

  

Noise levels have been measured with a 

sound level meter or an octave band analyzer 

and records are being kept.

  

When determined by an evaluation of worker 

noise exposure, a hearing conservation 

program has been implemented.

  

An ongoing preventive health program is in 

place to educate workers about safe levels 

of noise, exposures, effects of noise on their 

health, and the use of personal protection.

  

When workers are subjected to sound 

exceeding the levels in 29 CFR 1910.95, 

Table G-16, engineering controls, 

administrative control, and/or personnel 

protective equipment are used to reduce 

the level of sound exposure to be within the 

levels of the table.

  

Approved hearing protective equipment 

(noise attenuating devices) is available to 

every worker working in noisy areas.

  

Workers are properly fitted and instructed in 

the use of hearing protectors.   

Workers in high noise areas are given 

periodic audiometric testing to ensure that 

the hearing protection system is effective.

  
61 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Noise Exposure Yes No N/A Comments

A copy of OSHA’s Occupational Noise 

Exposure standard is available and posted in 

the workplace.

  

Warning signs are posted where hearing 

protection is needed.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure

• OSHA: Occupational Noise Exposure

• NIOSH: Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention

• NIOSH Sound Level Meter App
62 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Permit-Required Confined Spaces Yes No N/A Comments

The workplace has been evaluated and 

permit-required confined spaces have 

been identified.

  

Danger signs are posted or other equally 

effective means of informing workers is 

provided regarding the existence and 

location of, and the dangers posed by, the 

confined spaces.

  

A written permit-required confined space 

program has been implemented.   

Adequate illumination is provided for the 

work to be performed in the confined space.   

All lines to a confined space that contain 

inert, toxic, flammable, or corrosive materials 

are valved off and blanked, or disconnected 

and separated before entry.

  

All sources of mechanical energy, including 

impellers, agitators, or other moving parts 

and equipment inside confined spaces, are 

locked out if they present a hazard.

  

All portable electrical equipment used 

inside confined spaces is either grounded 

and insulated, or equipped with ground 

fault protection.

  

Before entry, confined spaces are thoroughly 

emptied of any decaying vegetation or 

animal matter that may produce methane, or 

create an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

  

Appropriate atmospheric tests are 

performed to check for oxygen deficiency, 

flammable gases and vapors, and for 

potential toxic air contaminants in the 

confined space before entry.

  
63 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Permit-Required Confined Spaces Yes No N/A Comments

The confined space is checked for 

possible industrial waste that could 

contain toxic properties.

  

Either natural or mechanical ventilation is 

provided prior to confined space entry.   

The atmosphere inside the confined space is 

frequently tested or continuously monitored 

during work.

  

When workers are using oxygen-consuming 

equipment such as salamanders, torches, 

furnaces, etc., in a confined space, sufficient 

air is provided to assure combustion without 

reducing the oxygen concentration of the 

atmosphere below 19.5 percent by volume.

  

When combustion-type equipment is used 

in a confined space, provisions are made to 

ensure the exhaust gases are vented outside 

of the enclosure.

  

If the confined space is below ground and 

near areas where motor vehicles operate, 

steps are taken to prevent vehicle exhaust or 

carbon monoxide entering the space.

  

Use of approved respiratory equipment is 

used if the atmosphere inside the confined 

space cannot be made acceptable.

  

A trained and equipped attendant is 

positioned outside the confined space, 

whose sole responsibility is to watch 

the work in progress, sound an alarm if 

necessary, and render assistance.

  

Operable communications between the 

entrant(s) and the attendant is maintained 

while workers are in the confined space.

  
64 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Permit-Required Confined Spaces Yes No N/A Comments

The attendant is appropriately trained and 

equipped to handle an emergency.   

A means for quick removal of workers is 

provided, in case of an emergency.   

In an emergency situation, if there 

is any question as to the cause, the 

rescue workers have lifelines, retrieval 

equipment, and appropriate PPE including 

respiratory protection.

  

Before entry, operable communications with 

and availability of rescue services are verified.   

Compressed gas cylinders are prohibited 

inside confined spaces.   

Before gas welding or burning is started in a 

confined space, hoses are checked for leaks, 

torches are lighted only outside the confined 

space, and the confined space is tested for 

an explosive atmosphere each time before a 

lighted torch is taken into the confined space.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-required confined spaces

– 29 CFR 1910.252, General requirement, Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

• OSHA: Confined Spaces

• NIOSH: Confined Spaces
65 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Yes No N/A Comments

Hazards that require the use of PPE (e.g., 

head, eye, face, hand, or foot protection) 

have been identified.

  

For the hazards identified, the appropriate 

and properly fitted PPE has been selected to 

provide suitable protection from these hazards.

  

Affected workers use the appropriate PPE.   

PPE is provided by the employer, at no cost 

to the workers, except as noted in 29 CFR 

1910.132(h).

  

Workers have been trained on PPE 

procedures, including what PPE is necessary 

for job tasks, when it is needed, and how to 

properly wear and adjust it.

  

Appropriate eye or face protection is used 

when workers are exposed to hazards such as 

flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, 

acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or 

vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.

  

Workers who wear corrective lenses 

(glasses or contacts) in workplaces with 

harmful exposures wear eye protection that 

incorporates the prescription in its design, or 

wear eye protections that fits properly over 

the prescription lenses.

  

Protective eye and face protection devices 

comply with the requirements of the 

appropriate ANSI standards, or provide 

protection that is at least as effective as the 

comparable ANSI standard.

  
66 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Yes No N/A Comments

Protective gloves, aprons, shields, or other 

means are used where workers could be 

cut or where there is reasonably anticipated 

exposure to corrosive liquids, chemicals, or 

blood or other potentially infectious materials.

  

Hard hats are worn where the danger of 

falling objects exists.   

Hard hats are periodically inspected for 

damage to the shell and suspension system.   

Appropriate foot protection is used where 

there is the risk of foot injuries from hot, 

corrosive, or poisonous substances, falling 

objects, crushing, or penetrating actions.

  

 Protection against the effects of 

occupational noise is used when sound levels 

exceed those of the Occupational Noise 

Exposure standard (29 CFR 1910.95).

  

PPE is maintained in a sanitary condition and 

ready for use.   

Appropriate procedures are in place 

to dispose of or decontaminate PPE 

contaminated with, or reasonably anticipated 

to be contaminated with, blood or other 

potentially infectious materials.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 

– 29 CFR 1910.132, PPE General Requirements

– 29 CFR 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection

– 29 CFR 1910.135, Head Protection

– 29 CFR 1910.136, Foot Protection

– 29 CFR 1910.137, Electrical Protective Equipment

– 29 CFR 1910.138, Hand Protection

• OSHA: Personal Protective Equipment

• OSHA: Eye and Face Protection

• NIOSH: Personal Protective Equipment

• NIOSH: Protective Clothing and Ensembles

• NIOSH: Eye Safety
67 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Respiratory Protection

Respiratory Protection Yes No N/A Comments

To the extent feasible, engineering 

controls are used to prevent atmospheric 

contamination in the workplace.

  

Hazards that require the use of respiratory 

protection have been identified.   

Appropriate respirators are provided for 

worker use.   

A written respiratory protection program 

has been established and implemented 

in accordance with the requirements of 

29 CFR 1910.134(c).

  

The written respiratory protection program 

provides workers with worksite-specific 

procedures for: selecting respirators; proper 

use of respirators in routine and reasonably 

foreseeable emergencies situations; and 

cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, 

repairing, discarding, and otherwise 

maintaining respirators.

  

As part of the respiratory protection 

program, workers are trained on the correct 

usage and limitations of the respirators.

  

Respirators are National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-

approved for the particular application.

  

Respirators are regularly inspected, cleaned, 

sanitized and maintained.   

Before workers first use, or are fit-tested for, a 

respirator, they receive a medical evaluation 

in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134(e).

  
68 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Respiratory Protection Yes No N/A Comments

Workers designated to wear tight-fitting 

respirators are fit-tested before their first use 

of a respirator and at least annually thereafter.

  

Workers are trained in the respiratory hazards 

to which they may be exposed.   

 Workers are trained at least annually in the 

proper use of respirators, including putting 

on and removing them, any limitations on 

their use, and their maintenance.

  

Respirators are stored in a manner and 

location to protect them from damage, 

contamination, dust, sunlight, extreme 

temperatures, excessive moisture, and 

damaging chemicals, and are packed 

or stored to prevent deformation of the 

facepiece and exhalation valve.

  

Emergency respirators are kept accessible 

to the work area, and the storage location is 

marked as containing emergency respirators.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection

• OSHA: Respiratory Protection

• OSHA: Small Entity Compliance Guide – Respiratory Protection Standard

• NIOSH: Respirators
69 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Walking-Working Surfaces

Elevated Surfaces Yes No N/A Comments

Workers working on surfaces that are 

elevated more than 4 feet (1.2 meters) above 

a lower level are protected from falling by 

guardrail systems, safety net systems, or 

personal fall protection systems.

  

Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems are 

erected to prevent objects from falling to 

lower levels.

  

Canopy structures are erected under 

elevated surfaces and potential falling 

objects are kept from the edge or hole, or the 

areas where objects could fall are barricaded 

and entrance into those areas is prohibited.

  

Workers exposed to potential falling objects 

wear appropriate PPE, such as head protection.   

Appropriate headroom is provided 

where necessary.   

Material on elevated surfaces is piled, stacked, 

or racked in a manner to prevent it from 

tipping, falling, collapsing, rolling, or spreading.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.22, General Requirements, for Walking and Working Surfaces

– 29 CFR 1910.28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection 

• OSHA: Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection
70 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Floor Holes and Wall Openings Yes No N/A Comments

Floor holes are guarded by a cover, a 

guardrail, or equivalent on all sides (except 

at stairways or ladder entrances).

  

Toeboards are installed around the edges of 

permanent floor holes where persons may 

pass below the hole.

  

Covers including skylight screens, are 

able to withstand, without failure, twice 

the maximum intended load that may be 

imposed on the cover at any one time.

  

Grates or similar type covers over floor holes, 

such as floor drains, are designed to allow 

unimpeded foot traffic and rolling equipment.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection 

– 29 CFR 1910.29, Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection – Criteria and Practices

• OSHA: Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection
71 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Portable Ladders Yes No N/A Comments

All ladders are maintained in good condition; 

joints between steps and side rails are 

tight, all hardware and fittings are securely 

attached, and moveable parts operating 

freely without binding or undue play.

  

Ladders used on slippery surfaces are 

secured and stabilized.   

Ladders are not placed in front of 

passageways, doorways, or driveways where 

they can be displaced by other activities or 

traffic unless they are secured to prevent 

accidental displacement or are guarded by a 

temporary barricade to keep the activities or 

traffic away from the ladder.

  

Ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels, 

lifts, or other unstable bases to obtain 

additional height.

  

Workers face the ladder and maintain 

three points of contact (two hands and a 

foot, or two feet and a hand) on the ladder 

when climbing.

  

Workers do not carry any object or load that 

could cause them to lose balance and fall 

while climbing the ladder.

  

Workers do not use ladders that are broken; 

have missing steps, rungs, or cleats; broken 

side rails; or other faulty equipment.

  

Workers do not use the top step of ordinary 

stepladders as a step.   

When portable ladders are used to gain 

access to elevated platforms, roofs, etc., the 

ladder always extends at least 3 feet (0.9 

meters) above the elevated surface.

  
72 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Portable Ladders Yes No N/A Comments

The tops of non-self-supporting ladders are 

placed so that both side rails are supported.   

Workers secure the base of a portable ladder 

to prevent slipping, or otherwise lash or hold 

it in place when used on unstable, slanted, or 

uneven surfaces.

  

 Metal ladders are made with 

corrosion-resistant materials or 

protected against corrosion.

  

Portable metal ladders are legibly marked with 

signs reading “CAUTION - Do Not Use Around 

Electrical Equipment” or equivalent wording.

  

Workers do not use ladders as guys, braces, 

skids, gin poles, or for other than their 

intended purposes.

  

Workers adjust extension ladders while 

standing at the base and not while standing on 

the ladder or from a position above the ladder.

  

All ladders are routinely inspected for damage.   

Ladders with structural or other defects are 

immediately tagged “Dangerous: Do Not 

Use” or with similar language and removed 

from service until repaired or replaced.

  

Steps on step stools; and ladder rungs, steps 

and cleats, are equally spaced at distances 

required by 29 CFR 1910.23(b).

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.23, Ladders

• OSHA: Portable Ladder Safety QuickCard

• NIOSH - Ladder Safety App
73 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Stairs and Stairways Yes No N/A Comments

Stair rail systems and handrails are provided 

on all stairways having at least four risers.   

Standard stairs are at least 22 inches 

(56 centimeters) wide.   

Standard stairs are angled between 50 and 

30 degrees.   

Stair riser heights and tread depths are 

uniform between landings.   

Steps are slip-resistant.   

Stairway handrails are located between 

30 inches (76 centimeters) and 38 inches 

(97 centimeters) above the leading edge 

of stair treads.

  

Stairway handrails have at least 2.25 inches 

(5.7 centimeters) of clearance between the 

handrails and any other object, including the 

wall or surface they are mounted on.

  

The swing of doors or gates opening directly 

on a stairway platform does not reduce the 

effective usable depth of the platform to: less 

than 20 inches (51 centimeters) if the platform 

was installed prior to January 17, 2017, or 

22 inches (56 centimeters) if the platform 

was installed on or after January 17, 2017.

  

Stairway handrails are capable of 

withstanding a load of 200 pounds 

(890 Newtons), applied within 2 inches 

(5.1 centimeters) of the top edge in any 

downward or outward direction.

  

Stairway landings and platforms are at least 

equal to the width of the stairway and at 

least 30 inches (76 centimeters) in depth, as 

measured in the direction of travel.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations: 29 CFR 1910.25, Stairways
74 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Walkways Yes No N/A Comments

Walking-working surfaces (any horizontal or 

vertical surface on or through which a worker 

walks, works, or gains access to a work area 

or workplace location) are kept clean, orderly, 

and in a sanitary condition.

  

Wet surfaces are covered with non-slip 

materials or where wet processes are used, 

drainage is maintained and where feasible, 

false floors, platforms, and mats are provided.

  

Holes in the floor, sidewalk, and other 

walking-working surfaces are repaired 

properly, covered, and otherwise made safe.

  

Material and equipment is stored in such 

a way that projections do not interfere 

with walkways.

  

Spilled materials are cleaned up immediately.   

Aisles and walkways that pass near moving or 

operating machinery, welding operations, and 

similar operations are arranged so workers are 

not subjected to potential hazards.

  

Adequate headroom is provided for the entire 

length of aisles, walkways, and stairways.   

Guardrails are provided wherever aisle, 

walkway, and stairway surfaces are elevated 

more than four feet (1.2 meters) above any 

adjacent floor or the ground.

  

Walking-working surfaces are inspected 

regularly and maintained in a safe condition.   
75 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Walkways Yes No N/A Comments

Hazardous conditions on walking-working 

surfaces are corrected or repaired before 

workers use the surface again.

  

Workers are provided with a safe 

means of access to and egress from 

walking-working surfaces.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.22, General Requirements for Walking and Working Surfaces

– 29 CFR 1910.25, Stairways

– 29 CFR 1910.28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection 

• OSHA: Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection
76 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Yes No N/A Comments

Only authorized and trained workers are 

permitted to use welding, cutting, and 

brazing equipment.

  

Each worker has a copy of, and follows the 

appropriate operating instructions.   

Only approved apparatuses (torches, 

regulators, pressure reducing valves, acetylene 

generators, manifolds, etc.) are used.

  

Precautions are taken to prevent the mixture 

of air or oxygen with flammable gases, 

except at a burner or in a standard torch.

  

Fuel gas and oxygen gas cylinders, 

cylinder valves, couplings, regulators, hoses, 

and apparatuses are kept free of oily or 

greasy substances.

  

Cylinders are stored in assigned locations 

away from sources of heat, and from 

elevators, stairs, and gangways.

  

Fuel gas cylinders and oxygen cylinders 

in storage are separated by a distance of 

at least 20 feet, or by a non-combustible 

barrier at least 5 feet (1.5m) high, having a 

fire-resistance rating of at least 30 minutes.

  

Regulators are removed and valve-protection 

caps put in place before moving cylinders, 

unless they are secured on special trucks.

  
77 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Yes No N/A Comments

Workers are trained to never crack open a fuel 

gas cylinder valve near sources of ignition.   

Before a regulator is removed, the valve is 

closed and gas is released.   

Red is used to identify the acetylene (and 

other fuel-gas) hose, green is used for the 

oxygen hose, and black is used for inert gas 

and air hoses.

  

Pressure-reducing regulators are used 

only for the gas and pressures for which 

they are intended.

  

Open circuit (no-load) voltage of arc welding 

and cutting machines is as low as possible 

and not in excess of the recommended limits.

  

Grounding of the machine frame and safety 

ground connections of portable machines is 

checked periodically.

  

Electrodes are removed from holders when 

not in use.   

Electric power to the welder is shut off when 

no one is in attendance.   

Workers do not coil or loop welding 

electrode cables around their bodies.   

Under wet conditions, automatic controls for 

reducing no-load voltage are used.   

Wet machines are thoroughly dried and 

tested before use.   
78 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Yes No N/A Comments

Work and electrode lead cables are 

frequently inspected for wear and damage, 

and replaced when needed.

  

Cable connectors are adequately insulated.   

Floors are swept clean and combustible 

floors are kept wet, covered with damp sand, 

or protected by fire-resistant shields.

  

When the object to be welded cannot 

be moved and fire hazards cannot be 

removed, shields are used to confine heat, 

sparks and slag.

  

Precautions are taken to protect 

combustibles on the other side of metal walls 

when welding is underway.

  

Fire watchers are assigned when welding or 

cutting is performed in locations where a fire 

might develop.

  

Suitable fire extinguishing equipment is 

available for immediate use.   

Used drums, barrels, tanks and other 

containers are thoroughly cleaned of 

substances that could explode, ignite, or 

produce toxic vapors, before hot work begins.

  

Adequate ventilation is provided in areas 

where welding or cutting is performed.   

Oxygen cylinders in storage are separated 

from fuel gas cylinders.   
79 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Yes No N/A Comments

In areas where fuel gases are used or stored, 

signs are posted that read DANGER, NO 

SMOKING, MATCHES, OR OPEN LIGHTS, or 

the equivalent.

  

Workers exposed to arc welding rays and 

other hazards created by welding, cutting, 

or brazing operations are protected with PPE 

and protective clothing.

  

PPE is appropriate for the work being 

performed.   

Additional Resources

• OSHA Regulations:

– 29 CFR 1910.252, General Requirement, Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

– 29 CFR 1910.253, Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting

– 29 CFR 1910.254, Arc Welding and Cutting

– 29 CFR 1910.255, Resistance Welding

• OSHA: Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

• NIOSH: Welding and Manganese
80 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Violence Prevention

Workplace Violence Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

Are any of these workplace violence risk factors present in the workplace?

The business is in one of the following 

industries that OSHA recognizes as a highrisk industry: healthcare and social assistance, 

correctional settings, late-night retail, or taxi 

and for hire services/public transportation.

  

Workers have experienced violent acts or 

threats of violence in the workplace: 

1) by people who enter the workplace to

commit a robbery or other crime,

2) by customers, clients, patients, students,

inmates, or any others to whom the

employer provides services,

3) by co-workers, former employees,

managers/supervisors, or

4) by someone who does not have a

relationship with the business but has a

personal relationship with the victim.

  

Workplace violence incidents are identified 

in safety and health records, including the 

OSHA 300 log, first aid records, near miss 

reports, workers’ compensation records, or 

insurance reports.

  

A worksite analysis has identified workplace 

violence-related hazards.   

Workers, through conversations or 

surveys, have raised concerns or identified 

incidents of workplace violence.

  
81 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Violence Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

If you responded “Yes” to any of the above, use the following checklist to assess workplace 

violence preparedness:

A written program is in place to prevent 

workplace violence. The program is reviewed 

annually and updated as necessary.

  

Management shows commitment to 

preventing workplace violence and 

encourages worker involvement in 

all aspects of the workplace violence 

prevention program.

  

Processes and procedures are in place to 

continually identify workplace hazards and 

evaluate risks of workplace violence. For 

example, worksite and records analyses 

are conducted on a regular basis and 

threat assessments are conducted after 

nonemergency incidents.

  

Processes, procedures, and controls, 

appropriate to the worksite, are implemented 

to eliminate or substantially reduce 

workplace violence hazards.

  

Engineering controls (e.g., access to exits, 

physical barriers, and security technology, 

such as panic buttons/alarm systems) 

and administrative controls (e.g., rules for 

interacting with clients, a system for tracking 

violent clients, protocols for calling security 

and/or the police) are implemented.

  

All workers receive training on the workplace 

violence prevention program, (including 

de-escalation techniques), what to do in 

an emergency, and their responsibilities 

under the program (e.g., incident response, 

reporting, and recordkeeping).

  
82 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Violence Prevention Yes No N/A Comments

Accurate records of workplace violence 

incidents are maintained and analyzed to 

determine what corrective actions are needed.

  

A “buddy system” is in place so workers are 

not working alone. This set up can reduce 

the threat of violence and increase the 

ability to call for assistance if an incident of 

violence occurs.

  

Workers can immediately request assistance 

when workplace violence is being threatened 

or is occurring.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA: Workplace Violence (provides information on the extent of violence in the workplace, 

assessing the hazards in different settings, and developing workplace violence prevention programs 

for individual worksites)

• NIOSH: Occupational Violence (provides resources and training on workplace violence prevention in 

Spanish and English)
83 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Young Workers

Young workers are an asset to the workforce, but it may be their first job or their first time working in 

your industry. Many of their positive traits—energy, enthusiasm, and a need for increased challenge 

and responsibility—can contribute to them taking on tasks they may not be prepared to do safely.

Young workers may also be reluctant to ask questions or make demands on their employers. Teen 

workers are at particularly high risk for workplace injuries and are approximately twice as likely to be 

injured than adult workers. Educating and engaging with young workers about workplace safety and 

health is key to preventing job-related injuries and illnesses.

Young Workers Yes No N/A Comments

Workers under 16 do not perform jobs or 

tasks prohibited by state and federal child 

labor laws.

  

Workers under 17 do not drive for work.   

Seventeen-year-old workers drive for work 

only if they have a valid driver’s license, the 

driving task is incidental to the job, and they 

meet certain requirements.

  

Workers under 18 do not work too many 

hours, too late, or too early in compliance 

with state and federal child labor laws.

  

Workers under 18 do not do any hazardous

work or operate hazardous equipment 

prohibited by state and federal child labor laws . 

  

If required by state law, all workers under 

18 have a valid work permit issued by their 

school district or another designated agency.

  

Workers 18 to 21 years old do not drive 

commercial vehicles across state lines.   

Managers and workers have been trained on 

relevant child labor laws.   
84 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Young Workers Yes No N/A Comments

Managers and coworkers do not instruct 

young workers to do tasks or operate 

equipment for which they are not trained.

  

.

  

Equipment operated by young workers is 

both safe for them to use and legal for them 

to operate.

  

Equipment that young workers are not 

allowed to operate is clearly labeled and 

pointed out to all staff as part of training.

  

Young workers are asked about prior job 

experience and work safety and health 

training in order to tailor current job-specific 

safety and health training. 

  

Young workers are taught about safety and 

health hazards present on the job, how these 

hazards can injure a worker, precautions for 

preventing an injury, and workers’ rights on 

the job.

  

Young worker training provides key job 

safety instruction, including safe work 

practices and equipment, ensures tasks to 

be performed are clearly understood, and 

provides opportunities for questions.

  

Young workers are encouraged to ask 

questions about tasks or procedures that 

are unclear or not fully understood and they 

are told who to ask if they have questions 

or concerns.

  
85 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Young Workers Yes No N/A Comments

Key job safety information/instructions are 

routinely reinforced in a variety of ways, 

especially over the first several weeks on the 

job, to help ensure young workers clearly 

understand tasks to be performed.

  

Young workers are actively encouraged to 

ask questions and share ideas during team 

meetings and training.

  

Young workers are told what to do if they get 

hurt on the job and where to go if they need 

emergency medical treatment.

  

Young workers understand that they will not 

be fired or disciplined for reporting an unsafe 

work condition, an injury or a “near-miss.”

  

Young workers are trained and prepared for 

emergencies and are shown escape routes.   

All workers, including teens, are covered by 

workers’ compensation.   

When possible, young workers participate 

in OSHA 10-hour trainings that provide a 

general awareness of workplace hazard 

identification and control and information 

about workers’ rights.

  

Additional Resources

• OSHA: Young Workers

• OSHA: Outreach Training Program

• Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division: 

State Labor Laws

• Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division: 

Young Workers

• Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division: 

YouthRules - Employers

• NIOSH: Young Worker Safety and Health

• NIOSH: Young Drivers at Work

• Labor Occupational Health Program: Facts for 

Employers – Safer Jobs for Teens

• National Young Worker Safety Resource 

Center: Engaging Employers in Protecting 

Young Workers
86 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Assistance for 

Small Businesses

The following are some key workplace safety and health 

resources for small businesses. For more information, see 

OSHA’s Small Business webpage. 

OSHA Resources

On-Site Consultation Program

The OSHA On-Site Consultation Program offers 

no-cost and confidential occupational safety 

and health services to small and mediumsized businesses in all 50 states, the District 

of Columbia, and several U.S. territories, 

with priority given to high-hazard worksites.

Highly trained safety and occupational health 

professionals (i.e., consultants) from On-Site 

Consultation programs established within state 

agencies or universities work with employers to 

identify safety and health hazards in workplaces 

and how to fix them. Consultants also advise 

employers on how to comply with OSHA 

standards, train and educate workers, and assist 

with establishing and improving safety and 

health programs.

Consultation services are voluntary. To take 

advantage of this resource, employers request 

a consultation visit from their local Consultation 

program and determine the scope of the visit.

The visit may focus on a single concern at a 

facility or it may involve a thorough hazard 

assessment of an entire facility and its operations.

Benefits of working with Consultation 

programs include: 

• better workplace safety and health conditions, 

• enhanced morale and welfare, and 

• savings related to reductions in injury and illness 

rates, lost work days, workers’ compensation 

costs, equipment damage, and product losses.

A small business employer may become eligible 

for another benefit of the On-Site Consultation 

Program – participation in the Safety and 

Health Achievement Recognition Program 

(SHARP). SHARP recognizes small business 

employers who have used consultation services 

and operate an exemplary safety and health 

program. Acceptance into SHARP by OSHA is 

an achievement that singles out a business 

as a model for workplace safety and health. A 

worksite receives a deferral from OSHA or State 

Plan programmed inspections during the period 

that its SHARP designation is valid.

If you are a small business employer interested in 

no-cost, confidential consultation visit by highly 

trained consultants, or to locate the consultation 

program in your state, visit OSHA’s On-Site 

Consultation Program webpage or call (800) 321-

6742 (OSHA).
87 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Compliance Assistance Specialists

OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialists in 

OSHA’s field offices around the country inform 

employers and workers about OSHA standards, 

give presentations on specific hazards, and 

provide information on OSHA’s compliance 

assistance resources and cooperative programs.

Visit OSHA’s Compliance Assistance Specialist 

webpage or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) to 

contact your local OSHA office.

Standards, Regulations, and the 

General Duty Clause

OSHA has four separate sets of standards: 

• General Industry (29 Code of Federal 

Regulations [CFR] 1910)

• Construction (29 CFR 1926)

• Maritime Employment (29 CFR 1915-1919)

• Agriculture (29 CFR 1928)

OSHA also has regulations on posting and other 

administrative matters in 29 CFR 1903 and on 

recording and reporting of injuries and illnesses 

in 29 CFR 1904.

In addition, the OSH Act, in Section 5(a)(1), has a 

general duty clause, which provides that: 

(a) Each employer – (1) shall furnish to each 

of his employees employment and a place of 

employment which are free from recognized 

hazards that are causing or are likely to cause 

death or serious physical harm to his employees.

A recognized hazard is a danger recognized by 

the employer’s industry or industry in general, 

by the employer, or by common sense. The 

general duty clause does not apply if there is an 

OSHA standard dealing with the hazard, unless 

the employer knows that the standard does not 

adequately address the hazard.

Review the OSHA standards to identify those that 

apply to your business. Read the introduction 

to the subpart heading, and then analyze the 

possible hazards in terms of your workplace, your 

equipment, your materials, and your workers.

For example, if you are engaged in retail trade or 

service and you do not have compressed gases, 

flammables, or explosives on your premises, 

Hazardous Materials (Subpart H) standards do 

not apply to your business.

If you have any questions in determining whether 

a standard applies to your workplace, visit the 

OSHA website or contact the nearest OSHA 

Area Office or your state On-Site Consultation 

program. Employers can also read OSHA’s 

standard interpretations, which are letters or 

memos written in response to questions from the 

public about how OSHA interprets or enforces 

some aspect of an OSHA standard or regulation.

Publications and Other 

Educational Materials 

OSHA has many types of educational materials 

to help employers and workers find and prevent 

workplace hazards, including: 

• Publications. All OSHA publications are free at 

www.osha.gov/publications. You can also call 

1-800-321-OSHA (6742) to order publications.

• Videos. OSHA videos are available at 

www.‌osha.gov/video.

• Safety and Health Topics Pages. OSHA’s 

Safety and Health Topics pages provide 

regulatory and enforcement information, 

hazard identification and controls, and 

best practices and other resources to assist 

employers, workers, and safety and health 

professionals ensure safer workplaces.

• QuickTakes. Employers and safety and health 

professionals can sign-up for QuickTakes at 

www.osha.gov/quicktakes. OSHA’s free, twicemonthly online newsletter provides the latest 

news about OSHA initiatives and resources.
88 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Training Resources 

• Education Centers. The OSHA Training Institute 

partners with OSHA Training Institute Education 

Centers at locations throughout the United 

States to deliver courses on OSHA standards 

and occupational safety and health topics to 

thousands of students a year. These OSHA 

education centers operate in conjunction with 

universities, colleges, and learning centers to 

conduct OSHA courses for the private sector 

and other federal agencies, making safety and 

health training and education more accessible 

to those who need it. There are tuition fees for 

private sector students.

• Outreach Training Program. The OSHA 

Outreach Training Program is a voluntary 

program to promote workplace safety 

and health and to make workers more 

knowledgeable about workplace hazards and 

their rights. Through this program, authorized 

trainers provide 10- and 30-hour training 

programs. Outreach training does not fulfill 

the training requirements found in OSHA 

standards. Employers must provide additional 

training for their workers on specific hazards 

of their job.

Cooperative Programs

OSHA offers the following cooperative programs

under which businesses, labor groups, and other 

organizations can work cooperatively with OSHA.

• Strategic Partnerships. Under the OSHA 

Strategic Partnership Program (OSPP), OSHA 

partners with employers, workers, professional 

or trade associations, labor organizations, 

and other interested stakeholders. OSHA 

Strategic Partnerships are unique agreements 

designed to encourage, assist, and recognize 

partner efforts to eliminate serious hazards 

and enhance workplace safety and health 

practices. OSHA Strategic Partnerships 

establish specific goals, strategies, and 

performance measures to improve worker 

safety and health. Most OSHA Strategic 

Partnerships are based out of local OSHA Area 

or Regional Offices.

• Alliance Program. The OSHA Alliance Program

enables the agency to develop voluntary, 

collaborative working relationships with 

organizations that are committed to workplace 

safety and health. Through the Alliance 

Program, OSHA works with organizations such 

as trade and professional associations, labor 

unions, educational institutions, community 

and faith-based groups, and government 

agencies to share information about OSHA’s 

initiative and compliance assistance resources 

with workers and employers, and educate 

workers and employers about their rights 

and responsibilities

• Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP). The 

OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) 

recognize employers and workers in the 

private industry and federal agencies who 

have implemented effective safety and health 

management systems and maintain injury 

and illness rates below national Bureau of 

Labor Statistics averages for their respective 

industries. In VPP, management, labor, and 

OSHA work cooperatively and proactively 

to prevent fatalities, injuries, and illnesses 

through a system focused on: hazard 

prevention and control; worksite analysis; 

training; and management commitment and 

worker involvement. To participate, employers 

must submit an application to OSHA and 

undergo a rigorous onsite evaluation by a 

team of safety and health professionals.
89 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Whistleblower Program: 

Protection from Retaliation

To help ensure that workers are free to participate 

in safety and health activities, Section 11(c) of 

the OSH Act prohibits any person from firing or 

in any manner retaliating against any worker for 

exercising rights under the OSH Act. These rights 

include raising safety and health concerns with 

an employer, reporting a work-related injury or 

illness, filing a complaint with OSHA, seeking 

an OSHA inspection, participating in an OSHA 

inspection and participating or testifying in any 

proceeding related to an OSHA inspection.

Protection from retaliation means that an 

employer cannot retaliate by taking “adverse 

action” against workers, such as: 

• Firing or laying off

• Demoting

• Denying overtime or promotion

• Disciplining

• Denying benefits

• Failing to hire or rehire

• Intimidation or harassment

• Making threats

• Reassignment to a less desirable position or 

actions affecting prospects for promotion 

(such as excluding an employee from training 

meetings)

• Reducing or changing pay or hours

• More subtle actions, such as isolating, 

ostracizing, mocking, or falsely accusing the 

employee of poor performance

• Blacklisting (intentionally interfering with an 

employee’s ability to obtain future employment)

• Constructive discharge (quitting when an 

employer makes working conditions intolerable 

due to the employee’s protected activity)

• Reporting or threatening to report an employee 

to the police or immigration authorities 

Workers who believe an employer has retaliated 

against them for exercising their safety and 

health rights should contact their local OSHA 

office right away. A worker must file a retaliation 

complaint with OSHA within 30 calendar days 

from the date the retaliatory decision has 

been both made and communicated to the 

worker. No form is needed, but workers must 

contact OSHA within 30 days of the alleged 

retaliation. Complaints may be filed verbally 

with OSHA by visiting or calling the local OSHA 

office at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), or may be 

filed in writing by sending a written complaint 

by facsimile, electronic communication, hand 

delivery during normal business hours, U.S. mail, 

or other third-party commercial carrier to the 

closest OSHA regional or area office, or by 

filing a complaint online at www.‌osha.‌gov/

whistleblower/WBComplaint. For more 

information, please visit OSHA’s Whistleblower 

Protection Program webpage.

If a worker believes that working conditions 

are unsafe or unhealthful, the worker may file a 

complaint with OSHA concerning a hazardous 

working condition. The worker may have a legal 

right to refuse to work if the condition clearly 

presents a risk of death or serious physical 

harm, there is not sufficient time for OSHA 

to inspect, and, where possible, a worker has 

brought the condition to the attention of the 

employer. For more information, visit OSHA’s 

Worker Rights webpage.

State Plans

State Plans are OSHA-approved workplace safety 

and health programs operated by individual 

states instead of Federal OSHA. There are 

currently 22 states or territories that have OSHAapproved state programs that cover both private 

sector and state and local government workers.

OSHA monitors State Plans, which must be at 

least as effective as OSHA in protecting workers 

and in preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, 

and deaths.
90 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

If you are in a state with an OSHA-approved 

State Plan, you may be subject to different 

or additional requirements, and different 

or additional cooperative programs may be 

available to you.

For more information, and to find contact 

information for your State Plan, see OSHA’s 

State Plans webpage.

* This state’s OSHA-approved State Plan covers private and state/local government workplaces.

** This state’s OSHA-approved State Plan covers state/local government workers only.

This state (with no asterisk *) is a federal OSHA state.

Map of states with OSHA-approved State Plan. 

National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH) Resources

NIOSH is a research agency focused on the study 

of worker safety and health, and empowering 

employers and workers to create safe and healthy 

workplaces. NIOSH is part of the U.S. Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and has 

the mandate to assure “every man and woman in 

the Nation safe and healthful working conditions 

and to preserve our human resources.” 

Contact NIOSH: 1-800-CDC-INFO or TTY 1-888-

232-6348, cdcinfo@cdc.gov.

NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation 

(HHE) Program

The NIOSH HHE Program helps employers and 

employees learn whether health hazards are 

present at their workplace and recommends 

ways to reduce hazards and prevent work-related 

illness. Evaluations are done at no cost.

NIOSH Small Business 

Resource Guide

The Small Business Resource Guide provides 

plans, tools, tips, and information for keeping 

your workers safe and well while managing time 

and cost investments.

NIOSH Fatality Assessment and 

Control Evaluation (FACE) Program

Through the FACE Program, NIOSH and state 

partners investigate selected work- related 

fatalities to identify work situations that pose a 

high risk of injury. NIOSH and its partners then 

formulate and disseminate prevention strategies.

FACE investigation reports and related NIOSH 

worker safety and health documents can be 

accessed at the NIOSH FACE webpage.

Other Resources

Workers’ Compensation Carriers and 

Other Insurance Companies

Many workers’ compensation carriers, as well as 

liability and fire insurance companies, conduct 

periodic inspections and visits to evaluate safety 

and health hazards. Managers of small and 

medium-sized businesses should know what 

services are available from these sources. Contact 

your carrier to see what it has to offer.
91 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Trade Associations and 

Employer Groups

Many trade associations and employer groups 

collect and disseminate information on 

workplace safety and health matters to better 

serve their members. If you are a member of 

such a group, find out how it is assisting its 

members. If you are not a member, find out if 

these groups are also circulating their materials 

to nonmembers.

Trade Unions and Employee Groups

If your workers are organized, set up 

communications, as you do in normal labor 

relations, to coordinate action on hazards in your 

business. Safety and health is one area where 

advance planning will produce action on common 

goals. Many trade unions have safety and health 

expertise that they are willing to share.

Professional Associations

The following are examples of professional 

associations that have a broad range of expertise 

and information on workplace safety and health 

and have local chapters that small businesses 

could join.

• National Safety Council

• American Society of Safety Professionals

• American Industrial Hygiene Association

Small Business Development Centers

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) 

administers the Small Business Development 

Center (SBDC) Program to provide management 

and technical assistance to current and 

prospective small business owners. Their nearly 

1,000 centers across the country have services 

that include helping small businesses with 

financial, marketing, production, organization, 

engineering, and technical problems.

Voluntary Consensus Standards

Organization such as the American National 

Standards Institute (ANSI) and National Fire 

Protection Association (NFPA) issue voluntary 

consensus standards on various workplace safety 

and health topics. These are not OSHA standards, 

but they are developed by organizations through 

an open and balanced process to reflect current 

expertise and industry best practices.

The Small Business 

Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA)

The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA) gives small 

businesses help in understanding and complying 

with OSHA regulations and allows them a voice 

in developing new regulations. Under SBREFA, 

OSHA must:

• Produce Small Entity Compliance Guides for 

some agency rules;

• Be responsive to small business inquiries about 

complying with the Agency’s regulations;

• Submit final rules to Congress for review;

• Have a penalty reduction policy for small 

businesses; and

• Involve small businesses in developing 

proposed rules expected to significantly affect 

a large number of small entities through Small 

Business Advocacy Review Panels.
92 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Commenting on Enforcement Actions

Under a law passed by Congress in 1996, the Small 

Business Administration (SBA) has established an 

SBA Ombudsman and SBA Regulatory Fairness 

Boards to investigate small business complaints 

about Federal agency enforcement actions.

If you are a small business and believe that you 

have been treated unfairly by OSHA, you may 

file an electronic comment/complaint with 

the SBA Ombudsman online at: www.sba.gov/

ombudsman. Or you may contact the SBA’s Office 

of the National Ombudsman:

• Toll-free Phone: (888) REG-FAIR (734-3247)

• Fax: (202) 481-5719

• E-mail: ombudsman@sba.gov

• Mail:

Office of the National Ombudsman

U.S. Small Business Administration

409 3rd Street, S.W., MC2120

Washington, DC 20416

.

OSHA Regional Offices

Region 1

Boston Regional Office

(CT*, ME*, MA*, NH, RI, VT*)

JFK Federal Building

25 New Sudbury Street, Room E340 

Boston, MA 02203

(617) 565-9860 (617) 565-9827 Fax

Region 2

New York Regional Office

(NJ*, NY*, PR*, VI*)

Federal Building

201 Varick Street, Room 670

New York, NY 10014

(212) 337-2378 (212) 337-2371 Fax

Region 3

Philadelphia Regional Office

(DE, DC, MD*, PA, VA*, WV)

1835 Market Street 

Mailstop OSHA-RO/19

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 861-4900 (215) 861-4904 Fax

Region 4

Atlanta Regional Office

(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN*)

Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center

61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 6T50

Atlanta, GA 30303

(678) 237-0400 (678) 237-0447 Fax

Region 5

Chicago Regional Office

(IL*, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)

John C. Kluczynski Federal Building 

230 South Dearborn Street, Room 3244

Chicago, IL 60604

(312) 353-2220 (312) 353-7774 Fax

Region 6

Dallas Regional Office

(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)

A. Maceo Smith Federal Building

525 Griffin Street, Room 602

Dallas, TX 75202

(972) 850-4145 (972) 850-4149 Fax
93 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Region 7

Kansas City Regional Office

(IA*, KS, MO, NE)

Two Pershing Square Building

2300 Main Street, Suite 1010

Kansas City, MO 64108-2416

(816) 283-8745 (816) 283-0547 Fax

Region 8

Denver Regional Office

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)

Cesar Chavez Memorial Building

1244 Speer Boulevard, Suite 551

Denver, CO 80204

(720) 264-6550 (720) 264-6585 Fax

Region 9

San Francisco Regional Office

(AZ*, CA*, HI*, NV*, and American Samoa, 

Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)

San Francisco Federal Building 

90 7th Street, Suite 2650

San Francisco, CA 94103

(415) 625-2547 (415) 625-2534 Fax

Region 10

Seattle Regional Office

(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)

909 1st Ave, Suite 201A

Seattle, WA 98104 

Mailing address:

20425 72nd Ave South, Suite 150A 

Kent, WA 98032-2388

(206) 757-6700 (206) 757-6705 Fax

*These states and territories operate their own

OSHA-approved job safety and health plans and

cover state and local government employees

as well as private sector employees. The

Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New

Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands programs

cover public employees only. (Private sector

workers in these states are covered by Federal

OSHA). States with approved programs must

have standards that are identical to, or at least as

effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.

Note: To get contact information for OSHA area 

offices, OSHA-approved State Plans and OSHA 

consultation projects, please visit www.‌osha.gov

or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

Contact OSHA

Contact your local OSHA office, visit www.osha.gov, 

or call OSHA (1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-

899-5627) to: 

• Ask questions

• Get information or advice

• Report an emergency, fatality, inpatient

hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye

• File a confidential complaint

For a list of different ways to contact OSHA, see 

www.osha.gov/contactus.
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2021-120 (revised 01/2024) | OSHA Publication Number 2209-01R 2024