T hi s di s pos i t i on i s not ap p ro p ri at e fo r p u b l i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by N i nth C i r c ui tR ul e 36- 3.

T he H onor abl e K e vi n T hom a s D uf f y , U ni t e d S t a t e s D i s tr i c tJ udge f or the ** S outhe rn N e w Y or k, s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T
UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. LUI S ALB ER TO GO NZALEZ , D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 10- 10310 D . C . N o. 3: 06 -c r- 00 71 0-W H A -2 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o r th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia W i l l i a m A l s up, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d N ove m be r15, 2011 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B ef ore: H A W K IN S and M . S M IT H , C i rc ui tJudg es , and D U F F Y , D i stri ctJudg e. **
L u is A lb e r to G o n z a le z ( “G o n z a le z ” ) ap p e a ls f o r th e s e c o n d tim e h is 9 6 - m o n th s e nt e nc e i m pos e d f

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. S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

a c a ri ns ur a nc e s c a m he pa r t i ci pa t e d i n w i th hi s w i f e , K a the r i ne P a i z ( “ P a i z ” ) . I n a p ri o r ap p eal , th i s co u rtaffi rm ed h i s co n v i ct i o n b u trem an d ed fo r resen t en ci n g b ecau se the di stri ct court had procedural l y erre d i n i t s ca l cul at i on of the S ent enci ng G ui del i nes by i m po si ng tw o i nsuffi ci ent l y s up po rt ed enhancem ent s. O n rem and, the di stri ctcourt ac ce pt ed the l ow erG ui del i ne ra ng e a s c orre ct , bu t no nethel es s i m po se d the i dent i ca l 96 -m on th sent ence , re l yi ng on the se nt enci ng fa ct ors s etforth i n 1 8 U . S . C . § 3 55 3(a) . W e a f f i r m. T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t im p e r m is s ib ly p u n is h G o n z a le z f o re x e r c i s in g h is const i tut i on al ri gh tt o tri al . T he courtd id n o t e x p re ss any i nd i ca t i on thati tw as p u n i sh i n g G o n zal ez fo r p u tt i n g th e g o v ern m en t t o i t s p ro o f v ersu s p l ead i n g g u i l ty. C f. U ni t ed Stat es v. Med ina-C er vant es , 690 F . 2d 715, 716 ( 9th C i r . 1982) . R a the r , the p r in c ip a l c o n c e r n v o i c e d b y th e d is tr ic t c o u r t w a s w ith G o n z a le z ’s la s t- m in u te d eci si o n t o d i sav o w h i s earl i er co n fessi o n an d b l am e h i s w i fe fo r th e cri m e, i n co n trast t o G onz a l e z ’ s e a r l i e rr e pr e s e nt a t i on t h a the w oul d t e s t i f y f orhe ra the rtr i a l a nd e x c u lp a te h e r( w h ic h h a d p e r s u a d e d th e c o u r t to s e v e rth e irtr ia ls in th e f ir s t p la c e ) . N ordi d t h e di s tr i c tc our tc om m i ta ny s i gni f i c a ntpr oc e dur a l e rr ordur i ng the r e s e n te n c in g . A lth o u g h th e d i s tr ic t c o u r t m is s ta te d th a t G o n z a le z h a d r e c a n te d h is confes si on af

t erj eopard y att ac hed (as op po se d t o a w ee k b ef ore) and t hathe had vi ol a t e d c ondi t i ons of

r e l e a s e one da y l at er (as oppos e d t o f i ve da y s l a t e r ) , i tc a nnotA l tho ug h G on zale z c as t s thi s a s aprocedural error, w e have hel d that 1 “ vari ance s” fr o m a c orre ct l y c al cul at ed G ui del i ne ra ng e a re t o b e c on si dere d as par t o f th e s u b s ta n tiv e r e a s o n ab le n e s s o f th e s e n te n c e , w h ic h is d is c u s s e d b e lo w . U ni t ed S ta te s v . E llis , 6 4 1 F .3 d 4 1 1 , 4 2 1 - 2 2 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 1 ) . 3 be sa i d, up on a re v i ew of the se nt enci ng tra nscr i pt , thatthe courtbase d the se nt ence on the spec i fi c t i m i ng of th es e e vent s, as op po se d t o the broader pri nci pl es the court
w a s d is c u s s in g a t th e tim e . T he di s tr i c tc our tdi s c us s e d the G ui de l i ne s c a l c ul a t i on w i th the pa rt i es a tthe out s e ta nd c l e a r l y a c c e pt e d the pr oba t i on of f i c e ’ s c a l c ul a t i on a s c orr e c t . I tthe n s pe nt consi derabl e t i m e out l i ni ng G on za l ez ’ s hi st ory of “ l ac k of re spec tfor the l aw , ” bef ore c onc l udi ng tha ta n ab o v e-G u i de l i ne s s e nt e nc e w a s ne e de d f ora va r i e ty of

§ 3553 f a c t or s . T he r e c or d a s a w hol e doe s nots ugge s ta pa s s i ng orc ur s ory s t a t e m e ntabout th e G u id e lin e r a n g e , b u t in d ic a te s th e d is tr ic t c o u r t c o n s id e r e d th e r a n g e b u t f o u n d it to b e in a d e q u a te to s e r v e th e s e n te n c in g g o a ls . See U n i t ed S ta t es v. A u t ery , 555 F . 3d 8 6 4 , 8 7 3 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) . T he di s tr i c tc our tdi d note rrby c ons i de r i ng G onz a l e z ’ s p o st -s e nt e nc i ng c o n d u c t. See P epper v . U ni t ed Stat es , 1 3 1 S . C t . 1 2 2 9 (2 0 1 1 ). T h e d i stri ctco u rtal so suff i ci ent l y a dd re ss ed and r ej ec t ed G on za l ez ’ s a rgum entthathi s c ri m i nal hi st ory w as ove r s t a t e d. 14

F i nal l y, even as sum i ng the courtm ay have vi ol at ed F eder al R ul e of C ri m i nal P roce du re 32 by fa i l i ng t o i nform G on za l ez of ex pa rte i nf or m a t i on i t r e c e i ve d f

r om hi s w i f e ’ s c ouns e l tha ts he di d notpl a n t o c a l l G onz a l e z be c a us e s he di d notthi nk G onz a l e z c oul d c r e di bl y e xone r a t e hi s w i f e a f t e r hi s de f

e ns e a thi s ow n tr i a l , a ny e rr or w a s h a r m le s s a s th is in f o r m a tio n w a s la r g e ly c u m u la tiv e o f th e p u b lic c r e d ib ility pr obl e m s G onz a l e z ha d, w hi c h w e r e e xpr e s s l y n o t e d by the di s tr i c tc our t( i . e . , the d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n h is c o n f e s s io n to th e F B I a n d h is d e f e n s e a t tr ia l) . See U

ni t ed S ta t es v. W

a rr , 5 3 0 F .3 d 1 1 5 2 , 1 1 6 3 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 8 ) . A s the r e w e r e no pr oc e dur a l e rr or s w i th the s e nt e nc e , w e pr oc e e d t o r e vi e w f or s ubs t a nt i ve r e a s onabl e ne ss; w e r e vi e w the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s de c i s i on f ora n a bus e of d is c r e tio n . U

n ite d S ta te s v . C a r ty , 52 0 F . 3d 98 4, 99 3 (9t h C i r. 2 0 0 8 ) ( en banc). A l though the di s tr i c t c our t w a s pr i m a r i l y f oc us e d on the ne e d t o “ pr om ot e r e s pe c tf or th e la w ,” th e r e c o r d in d ic a te s th a t th e c o u r t d id c o n s id e rth e a d d itio n a l f a c to r s s e t f

o r th i n § 3553( a ) a nd a l s o ba s e d the s e nt e n ce o n t h e n ee d t o pr ot e c tthe publ i c , pr ovi de de t e rr e nc e , a nd a de qua t e l y r e f l e c tthe s e r i ous ne s s of

the c r i m e . A l though s om e of the f a c t or s i de nt i f

i e d t o s uppor t the above - G ui de l i ne s s e nt e nc e w e r e e nc om pa s s e d by the c r im in a l h is to ry c a lc u la tio n , th e c o u r t a ls o id e n tif ie d s o m e f

a c to r s w h ic h w e r e n o t.5

See U n i t ed S ta t es v. L i ch t en b erg , 63 1 F . 3d 10 21 , 10 27 (9th C i r. 20 11 ). T he se nt ence w a s n o t s u b s ta n tiv e ly u n r e a s o n ab le . A FFI R M ED .