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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-left:72px; margin-right:24px; "><span style="color:#00B050; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;">Some personal identifiers have been redacted for privacy purposes.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-left:72px; margin-right:24px; ">United States of America</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-left:72px; margin-right:24px; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">C</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">OMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-left:72px; margin-right:24px; ">1120 20<span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Street, N.W., Ninth Floor</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; margin-left:72px; margin-right:24px; ">Washington, D.C.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>20036-3457</p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:justify; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR,</p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; ">Complainant,</p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; ">v.<span>
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						<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_Heading2 style_Heading2 " style="text-align:left; outline-width:2; " xmlns:text="urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:text:1.0" text:is-list-header="true"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
								</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC<span>
								</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">ocket No.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
								</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">15-0175</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">THE REYBOLD GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.,</p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-align:center; ">Respondent.</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">Appearances:<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>John A. Nocito, Esq. & Bertha Astorga, Esq.</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Office of the Regional Solicitor</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>United States Department of Labor</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>170 S. Independence Mall West</p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Philadelphia, PA 19106-3306</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Complainant</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Jill Agro, Esq. & Richard L. Rainey, Esq.</p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Womble, Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>One Wells Fargo Center</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>301 South College Street, Suite 3500</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Charlotte, NC 28202-6017; and</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Suzanne Ilene Schiller, Esq.<span>
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Jill Hyman Kaplan, Esq. & Diana A. Silva, Esq.</p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Manko, Gold, Katcher & Fox, LLP</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>401 City Ave., Suite 901</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> </p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Respondent</p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">Before:<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Keith E. Bell</p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge</p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> </p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (the Commission) pursuant to section 10(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. § 451 (the Act). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) conducted an inspection of a worksite located</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 700 Roger Chaffee Square, Meridian Crossing</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the worksite)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Unit 725, Bear, Delaware on or about July 14, 2014</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. As a result,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">o</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n January 9, 2015,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHA issued a Citation and Notification o</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">f Penalty (Citation) to The Reybold Group of Compan</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ies, Inc. (</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Respondent or<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">), alleging<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">violations of the Act. Citation 1, Item</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, allege</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that Respondent violated 29 C.F.R. §</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1926.503(a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">for exposing employees to a fall of greater than 11 feet without training.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "> This violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">is</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>classified as “serious” and a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the amount<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">$</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">7,000</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">proposed for this item. Citation 2, Item 1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, alleges a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.501(b)(13)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">because an employee was allowed to work 11 feet above ground along the leading edge of a balcony without fall protection. This violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">classified as “willful” and</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a penalty</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the amount of $70</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,000</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is proposed for this item</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Respondent tim</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ely contested the Citation. A hearing<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was held on May 31 through June 1, 2016</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">For<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the reasons discussed below,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1, Item 1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is AFFIRMED</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as issued</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Citation 2, Item 1 is AFFIRMED as “serious”. The proposed penalty for Citation 1, Item 1 is assessed while a modified penalty, based on a finding of “serious” rather than “willful”, is assessed for Citation 2, Item 1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Jurisdiction</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The parties have stipulated to the Commission’s jurisdiction over this proceeding and coverage under the Act. (Tr. 12-13). </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The parties have<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">stipulated that Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is a Delaware corporation.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Admitted Fact No. 1. T</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he record establishes that at all times r</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">elevant to this case,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was an “employer” engaged in a “business affecting commerce” within the meaning of section 3(5) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 652(5).</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The evidence supports a finding</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that the Act applies and the Commission has jurisdiction over this proceeding pursuant to section 10(c) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 659(c). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Admitted Facts</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent, The Reybold Group of Companies, Inc., is a Delaware Corporation, with its principal</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>place of business at 116 E. Scotland Drive, Bear, Delaware 19701.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:24px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent had a worksite at Roger Chafee Square, Meridian Crossing, Bear, Delaware 19701 (the worksite) on July 14, 2014.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>was a Reybold employee on July 14, 2014.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reybold hired<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>pursuant to a cooperative arrangement with St. George’s Technical High School.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">5.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>was issued a Delaware Department of Labor Child Labor Work Permit for Minor in order to work for Respondent.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">6.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>began working at the worksite on June 12, 2014.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">7.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Greg DaPron was Respondent’s Project Manager at the worksite.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">8.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lloyd Baker was Respondent’s Site Superintendent at the worksite.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">9.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Greg DaPron was at the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>on the morning of July 14, 2014.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">10.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lloyd Baker was on a scheduled vacation and did not report to the worksite on July 14, 2014.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">11.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On July 14, 2014,<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>performed work for Respondent at the worksite.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">12.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On July 14, 2014,<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>fell from the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony of Unit 725 at the worksite.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The distance from the ground to the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony at Unit 725 at the worksite is 11 feet, 2 inches.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The following fact was admitted by stipulation at the hearing:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">14.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>called to clarify that he would be working on July 14, 2014. Tr. 119-21.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The followi</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ng facts were admitted by ruling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the hearing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">15.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The doors leading to the unguarded balconi</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">es were not shut with 2x4s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>on the day of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s fall.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">16.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">igns were posted concerning unguarded balconies.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">17.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Keenan Benson stated they would always move the debris by handing it down from the third</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor to the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">18.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reybold Project Manager, Greg DaPron, told the OSHA Compliance Officer that the building was protected at the time of the incident when, in fact, it was not.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Background</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Respondent, Reybold, is a company involved in real estate which includes construction of properties</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that it maintains. Reybold has</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>been involved in construction for 34 years. Tr. 143. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">On July 14, 2014, Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had a worksite at Roger Chafee Square, Meridian Crossing located in Bear, Del</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">awa</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">r</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Admitted Fact No. 2. Meridian Crossing<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is a mixed development of homes, apartments, and townhomes. Tr. 337. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold has a co-op program through which it hires students from St. George</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Vocational and Technical School</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(St. George</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Tr. 53. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold chose to work with students from St. George</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>they have training. Tr. 358. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold hired<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to its co-op<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">arrangement with St. George’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Admitted Fact No. 4.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>St. George</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>highly recommended<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and confirmed that he had received the OSHA 10-hour training which included a<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">segment on fall protection. Tr. 364-65.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>began working for Reybold on June 12, 2014, and</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was assigned</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to Meridian Crossing<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">where large condominiums were being built.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Admitted Fact No. 6; Tr. 57.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">At the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">time of hire,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>17 years old and had just completed his<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">j</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">unior year of high school at St. George’s. Tr. 56, 85. During</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his employment with Reybold,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>mainly worked in the 700</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>building. Tr. 57. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>primary duties included sweeping and moving debris out of the way of the working crew. Tr. 59. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Debris<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">often<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">accumulate</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the balconies because things would get loaded onto them (plastic, empty buckets, wood shavings etc.). Tr. 61. Utility closets were also located on the balconies from which debris needed to be removed. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">put the debris into</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a box</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>then dispose</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of it<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">by tossing it from a balcony</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>into the dumpster positioned in front of the balconies on the ground below. Tr. 62. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>accessed the balconies every d</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ay by simply walking through an adjoining</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>door which was usually open to keep air flowing. Tr. 63. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Lloyd</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Baker was Reybold’s Site Superintendent at Meridian Crossing and<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he was<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>immediat</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e supervisor. Admitted Fact No. 8;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 58.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Day of the Accident</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Lloyd Baker,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s immediate supervisor, was on scheduled vacation and did not report to the worksite on July 14, 2014 --- the day of the accident. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Admitted Fact No. 10. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Though it is unclear whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was scheduled to work on the day of the accident, at some point, he called to clarify that he would be working on July 14, 2014. Tr. 119-21. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">During a conversation between<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Reybold’s HR M</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">anager,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Collyne Figgs, she informed him that if he wanted to work on July 14</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, he would need approval by a manager because his supervisor<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Lloyd Baker)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">wouldn’t be working that day. Tr. 382. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold Project Manager</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Mike Clineff</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gave the approval for<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to work on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">day of the accident. RX-39 at</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2. Mr. Clineff then called<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold’s Commercial Project Manager, Greg DaPro</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">morning of July 14</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stating that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was on site and neede</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d something to do. Tr. 389</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">; RX-39 at</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Mr. DaPron</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was surprised by this because</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he believed that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was scheduled to be off. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> In any case, Mr. DaPron stopped by the worksite and assigned<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and another employee, Keenan Benson, to clean up the third floor. Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">87-88,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">389-90.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">At some point,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was standing on the second</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">floor balcony<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">of Unit 725<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">receiving trim from his work partner, Keenan Benson, who was</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>passing it down from the third</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">floor balcony. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Admitted Fact No. 12;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 92. While re</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">aching for a piece of trim,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell approximately 11 feet to the ground below and struck his head. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 91</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was hospitalized due to injuries sustained from his fall. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">OSHA Investigation</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHA Compl</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">iance Officer (CO), Timothy Lo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">uden received a phone call from the local po</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">lice on July 14, 2014, notifying him of</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an accident at Meridian Cr</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ossing</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Tr. 180. As a result, an investigation was initiated. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. CO Lo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">uden arrived on site at Meridian Crossing in the early afternoon</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the day of the accident. Tr. 181, 205</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Upon arrival, he encountered Reybold employees Frank Bailey and Greg DaPron. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. After receiving an update from the police on site,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">CO Lo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">uden conducted an investigation that included taking photos, statements, and making observations of the accident site</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Tr. 182-83. Initially, CO Lo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">uden interviewed Reybold employees Frank Bailey and Greg DaPron. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">During his interview, Mr. DaPron told CO Louden that the building where the accident occurred was protected at the time of the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when, in fact, it was not. Admitted Fact No. 18. CO Louden’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>interview of accident victim,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, took place approximately a month after the accident due to injuries sustained by<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Tr. 206.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> CO Louden’s investigation of the accident revealed that the doors leading to the unguarded balconies were not shut by 2x4s on the day of the accident. Admitted Fact No. 15. Additionally, no signs were posted concerning the unguarded balconies. Admitted Fact No. 16.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Discussion</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">To prove a violation of an OSHA standard, the Secretary must show by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) the cited standard applies; (2) the employer failed to comply with the terms of the cited standard; (3) employees had access to the violative<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">condition; and (4) the employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">either knew or could have known with the exercise of reasonable diligence of the violative condition. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">JPC Grp., Inc</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">., 22 BNA OSHC 1859, 1861 (No. 05-1907, 2009). A preponderance of the evidence is “that quantum of evidence which is sufficient to convince the trier of fact that the facts asserted by a proponent are more probably true than false.” </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharma. Prods</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2131, n. 17 (No. 78-6247, 1981)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in relevant part,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">Alleged Vio</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">lations of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.503(a)(1)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation 1, Item 1a alleges a viol</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.503(a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)(1) which states</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">: </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Training Program. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program shall enable each employee to recognize the hazards of falling and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed in order to minimize these hazards.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "> </p>
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				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Specifically,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">alleges that on or about July 14, 2014, employees were exposed to fall of greater than 11 feet and were not trained.</span></p>
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				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reybold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>does not dispute the applicab</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ility of this standard. Instead</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Reybold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">makes two arguments in its defense: 1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that the training<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received from his vocational school was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>sufficient for the work he was expected to do; and 2) Reybold’s Safety Policies and Procedures Manual<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Safety Manual) put<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on notice that he was required to wear fall protection when working from certain heights</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Resp’t B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15-16. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The record is clear that on July 14, 2014,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was exposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to a fall hazard. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cited</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard applies.</span></p>
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				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The terms of this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dard require training that covers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(1) recognition of hazards of falling; and (2) training on procedures to minimize such hazards. However, the standard does not set forth specific requirements to achieve the stated goals</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When the language of a training standard is general and potentially subjective,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Commission and courts have a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pplied a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reasonableness standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That is, to establish non</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complian</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ce, the Secretary must prove</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that the cited employer failed to provide the instructions that a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">reasonably prudent employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would have given in the same circumstances.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">El Paso Crane and Rigging Co., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1419, 1426 (No. 90-1106, 1993).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reybold’s Safety Officer, Frank Bailey, testified that he didn’t provide fall protection training to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because he believed the training provided by the vocational school was adequate. Tr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 507. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that he received OSHA 10-hour training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Tr. 118. This training was confirmed by the production of his training card. RX-21. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, his</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>OSHA 10-hour training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>computer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-based training that consisted of a slide pres</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entation. Tr. 118. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>covered fall protection. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. He</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>further testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his vocational school training<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">included information on fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ow to use it. Tr. 72-73, 100. It is established that Reybold’s Safety Manual was provided to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>who signed a form receipt thereby acknowledging his responsibility to familiarize himself with its contents. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">RX-47, at 8. This Safety Policies and Procedures Manual addresses fall protection. CX-10, at 40. The evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>shows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received some fall protection training<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at school and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a copy of a fall protection policy and procedures statement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from Reybold. However</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, there is no evidence that this training was adequate to prepare him to recognize the fall hazards h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e encountered at the worksite. For example,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that it was common for Reybold employees/contractors to toss debris from the balconies into the dumpsters below. Tr. 86. He also saw trim being passed from one floor to another by way of the balcony as if it was an “established method” for moving the trim. Tr. 99. Further, he testified that he didn’t see anyone wearing fall protection. Most importantly, he testified that he didn’t feel empowered to challenge these methods because he was so young. Tr. 96. Interestingly, Reybold’s Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President testified that he believed co-op students, like<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, needed more detailed instruction. Tr. 167. Apart from the training<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received from his school and the material on fall protection provided to him in Reybold’s Safety Manual, he may have received further safety instructions from his imm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ediate supervisor Lloyd Baker. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, Mr. Baker did not testify so we will never know.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> What we do know is that, according to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, he w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">asn’t aware of any</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work rule regarding balconies and n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o one at Reybold went over fall protection with him or proper procedures for working on balconies. Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>103, 110.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Frank Bailey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>wasn’t expected to do work in areas that would expose him to fall hazards. Tr. 460. This assertion seems incredulous in view of the fact that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was assigned to work in a multi-level building. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The real question is whe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ther a reasonabl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prudent employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would have relied on the training provided by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s vocational school without offering supplemental<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on-site<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training on fall protection. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Notably, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the time of the accident,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>only</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17 years old and still in high school.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">56, 85. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>age and impressionabi</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lity seemingly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">influenced</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how he performed his duties based on his testimony that “...there’s a lot of older guys, you know,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I just did what I saw. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I was just 17 at the time and young, and I was just doing what everybody else was doing at the jobsite.” Tr. 85. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence reveals that,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n the absence of proper training on fall hazards present at the worksite,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was susceptible to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">likely</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pick</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>up<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unsafe<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rk<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">habits from others. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Given<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s age, the fact that he was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">still<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in high</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>school, had no practical/hands on training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>assigned to work on an active construction site where he was exposed to elevated/unguarded work platfo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rms, it was not reasonable for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reybold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to rely on the training he received from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">St. George’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. In fact, it defies all logic th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at any reasonabl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prudent employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would have failed to give<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hands on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training and detailed instruction to a teenager on all hazards likely to be encountered on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a construction site. Even Reybold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ub-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ontractor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alan Coryell</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that despite the fact that he provided safety harnesses to his employees, he couldn’t guarantee that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they used them when he wasn’t on site. Tr. 429.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r. Coryell</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>highlighted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>this point when he testified about a time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he was off site and received notification that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>one of his employees refused to wear his harness</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 429.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Alan Coryell’s testimony furt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">her underscored</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the importance of fall protection training at this worksite. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eybold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s arguments in defense of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its failure to provide fall pro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tection training to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are unpersuasive. The evidence supports a finding that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Reybold failed to comply with the requirements of the cited standard. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Employee Exposure</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">facts regarding employee exposure/access to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">hazard of a fall</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the same for both standards cited (training and fall protection). Therefore, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">discuss</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ion of employee exposure</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is consolidated here.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">testified that “[he] was on balconies every day.” Tr. 63. He accessed balconies using doors that were usually open. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. He testified</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that the doors to the balconies were usually left open to keep the air flowing because it was summertime. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s testimony regarding balcony doors being left open is supported by the testimony of Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ub-</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">c</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ontractor, Alan Coryell, who stated that “it was next to impossible to keep them closed.” Tr. 440. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also testified that no temporary railings were installed during</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the time when he was on site. Tr. 65-66. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In fact, a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ccording<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the balconies were left unguarded until permanent railings w</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ere installed. Tr. 66. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>account is supported by statements made to CO Louden by Reybold’s Project Manager at Meridian Crossing, Greg DaPron</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that temporary railings were not installed because they didn’t want to damage the vinyl siding for<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">potential homeowners. Tr. 219,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">388. Photographs of the accident site taken by OSHA CO Louden reveal t</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">hat the balcony from which<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell was unguarded. CX-9. The facts reveal that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>accessed the balconies to toss debris into th</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e dumpster below. Tr. 70. Further, the facts reveal that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was never provided fall protection and didn’t use any. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Prior to the accident,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>observed other</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>workers</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>moving pieces of wood trim from one floor to the other by “shimmying” the trim up or down to someone standing on another balcony who would grab it and pull it in. Tr. 78-79. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">On occasion,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">supervisor, Lloyd Baker, asked h</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">im to move trim</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Tr. 81, 83. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">There is no evidence to refute<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s claims that he was repeatedly exposed to unguarded balconies without fall protection. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Employee exposure to the fall hazard is established.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Employer Knowledge</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The violative conditions that resulted in alleged violations at this worksite are</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the same for both standards cited (training and fall protection)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Therefore, the discussion of employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">knowledge is consolidated here.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Here, the facts reveal that Reybold had both actual and constructive knowledge of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the violative conditions.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank Bailey,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s Safety Officer</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, participated in an inspection with a representative of Reybold’s insurer on November 20, 2012. Tr. 136. During the inspection, they observed balconies with buckets stored on them and no guardrails. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Shortly after the inspection, on the same day,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">nsurer sent a letter, via email, to Frank Bailey recapping hazardous conditions observed to include unguarded bal</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">conies. CX-11. The letter</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suggested that balconies<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">should either be guarded or that acce</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ss should be restricted by the use of warning signs, locked doors, or temporary guardrails. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. As a result of</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the inspection and receipt of the</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>letter from Reybold’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">nsurer, Frank Bailey sent an email to Messrs. Lloyd Baker (Site Superintendent</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">),<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Greg DaPron (Project Manager)</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Mike<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Clineff (Project Manager)</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">notifying them of the fall hazard presented by the unguarded balconies</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Tr. 137, CX-12. </span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Although the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">nsurer’s inspection occurred more than a year before the accident, the record is void of any credible evidence that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>changed its practice of leaving balconies unguarded and accessible to employees. </span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The collective</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>knowledge of</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>these Reybold managers<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Bailey, Lloyd, DaPron and<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Clineff</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">concerning</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the hazard of falling present at this worksite is imputed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">,</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co. Inc.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 16<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">BNA<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHC 1286-87 (No. 91-862, 1993) quoting<span>
						</span></span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1992453650&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=I563bd60cfa2b11d983e7e9deff98dc6f&refType=CA&fi=co_pp_sp_3227_1710&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.UserEnteredCitation)#co_pp_sp_3227_1710"><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Baytown Constr. Co</span>., 15 BNA OSHC 1705, 1710</a><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(No. 88–2912S, 1992),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">aff'd</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 983 F.2d 282 (5th Cir.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1993)</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(unpublished)</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">h</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">olding that a</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">lthough the Secretary has the burden to establish employer knowledge of the violative conditions, when a supervisory employee has actual or constructive knowledge of the violative conditions, that knowledge is imputed to the employer, and the Secretary satisfies his burden of proof without having to demonstrate any inadequacy or defect in the employer's safety program.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Moreover, Reybold</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s own Safety Manual addresses<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">fall protection thereby acknowledging the possibility of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">such a hazard. CX-10</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>40. In February 2014, Reybold’s Safety Committee minutes reflect that a meeting took place with the building construction management team to address s</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">u</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">pervisor</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s'</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>responsibility for monitoring safety on a worksite</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. RX-35. The implementation of such a proactive safety policy should have resulted in the discovery of violative conditions such as unguarded and accessible balconies as well as unsafe work practices such as those that led to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s accident. According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, he has communicated with<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">S</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ite Superintendent Lloyd Baker while standing on a balcony. Tr. 69. </span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also testified that he would frequently see Mr. Baker walking around the worksite. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">I</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">nspections such as those performed by<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Safety Officer<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank Bailey (RX-29) should have recorded these violative conditions along with any correc</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">tive</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>measures to be taken. The photographic and testimonial evidence of</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the conditions giving rise to the alleged violation</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>establishes that they</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were in plain view of both managers (Baker and Lloyd) and should have been discovered if either had been following the company’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">safety monitoring<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">policy. The Commission has held that an employer is chargeable with knowledge of conditions which are plainly visible to its supervisory personnel. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">A.L. Baumgartner Constr.</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Inc.,</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">16 BNA OSHC 1995, 1998 (No. 92-1022, 1994).</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>claims that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not provided fall protection training, in part, because he was not expected to do work that w</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ould require such training,</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">t</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">his argument is without merit because<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was assigned to work in a multi-level unit with unguarded balconies. Therefore, the hazard of falling was always present. It has been held that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n employer “cannot fail to properly train and supervise its employees and then hide behind its lack<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">of</span><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">knowledge</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>concerning their dangerous working practices.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1992040417&pubNum=0000350&originatingDoc=I68af021a89c611d9ac45f46c5ea084a3&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_350_535&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_535"><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; "><span class="IDIDGY4S045BE3NXK5TQY3GZ4HU3UFBMWURTLPFHMAJ2VCCKROHN">A/C Elec</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span class="IDTMGAOD3EB2NLGOTMYRPTQ1LRBJL4QP5OUTVAZSJ2VXG3OYWVFYJP">.</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span class="ID2GTUK2EML3ICD1JQY5LH4PVV3JEHZW2MYLX0NMB1JGZ1O5ACVNGG"><span><span></span>
								</span></span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; "><span class="IDFG3B2LD4ZAQ4IN02HUC0PXN3DJYKO42GU3XVDRPWIF2I0T2JV3LG">v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm’n</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-style:italic; "><span class="IDHS4XUJIBR5JVPQE0PUO3VIRKJIKL0CTTB01TCINYISAKIS2LQF0F">.</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span class="IDAZC3C2C3D4BFOSOSQX223XPE0LGNIS0L5KFFSNFRHWNTKX04CKC">,</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span class="IDNDQD5FKHZV1QPK3SEOJHTRTIQPGDK2M1Y3143QMMWG2Z0TYWRP1I"><span><span></span>
								</span>956 F.2d 530,</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span class="IDX443EAKQ4YQYHJXUJ5LINN0Z0MNI10Q1K2K03DHCWCDSPWLTSSHI"><span><span></span>
								</span>535</span></span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1991).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "> Reybold’s knowled</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">ge of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">violative conditions that led to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s accident</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is established.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">Serious Classification</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">To prove a violation</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was “serious” under section 17</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 666(d)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Secretary must show there was a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could have resulted from the cited condition and that the employer knew or should have known of the condition; the likelihood of an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">accident occurring is not required.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Spancrete N</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">e.</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1020, 1024 (No. 86-521, 1991).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "> The facts reveal that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell and hit his head. Tr. 90. As a result of the fall and injuries sustained, he was hospitalized. Tr. 91. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">The record is clear that Reybold had knowledge of the fall hazard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Secretary has met his burden of proving that the violation alleged in Citation 1, Item 1 is properly classified as serious.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">Alleged Violation</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(13)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation 2, Item 1</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleges a violation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(13</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">), which states, in pertinent part,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Residential Construction. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Each employee engaged in residential construction activities 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system...</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Specifically, the Citation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2, Item 1 alleges</span><span><span></span>
					</span>that on or about July 14, 2014, an employee working along<span><span></span>
					</span>the leading edge<span>
					</span>of the second<span><span></span>
					</span>floor balcony, approximately 11 feet above ground was not protected from a fall hazard.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The facts establish that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Meridian Crossing was a residential construction site. Tr. 57. O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n July 14, 2014,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was employed by Reybold when he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell from the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony of Unit 725 at the worksite. Admitte</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d Fact Nos. 3 &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12. The distance from the ground to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony at Unit 725 at the worksite is 11 fee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t and 2 inches. Admitted Fact No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">13. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the time of his fall,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was moving pieces of wood trim by way of a second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony. Tr. 91. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There was no g</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">uardrail in place on the second</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">floor balcony where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell. Tr. 65-66, CX-9. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he cited standard applies. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The record is clear that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was exposed to a fall hazard on the day of the accident. Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that “[he] was on balconies every single day.” Tr. 63. According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, his supervisor, Lloyd Baker, never told him to stay off the balconies. Tr. 64. He stated that he was frequently instructed to remove object</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and debris from the balconies although he do</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">esn’t say exactly who</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gave these instructions. Tr. 65. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also stated that no temporary railings were installed during his time on the site and the balconies remained unguarded until permanent railings were installed. Tr. 66.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s testimony concerning the unguarded balconies is supported by photographs taken at the worksite as part of CO L</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ouden’s investigation. CX-9. There is no evidence that the worksite was equipped with a safety net system. Finally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not given a personal arrest (fall protection) system and didn’t use any. Tr. 70. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence supports a finding that Reybold violated the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">Unpreventable Employee Misconduct Defense</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In its Answer, Reybold asserted the affirmative defense of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">u</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">npreventable<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">mployee<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">m</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">isconduct. Resp’t Answr</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. 4. In its post-hearing brief, Reybold specifically alleges that the July 14, 2014, accident may have been caused by the misconduct of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s immediate supervisor, Lloyd Baker.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Resp’t B</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">r. 29-31.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">An employer may defend<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">itself<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">against<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary’s allegation that it committed<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">a violation by establishing the affirmative defense of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">unpreventable</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">employee</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">misconduct</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">To establish this</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">defense, the employer is required to prove that “</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[it</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">]<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">has established<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">work rules</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>designed to prevent the violation, has adequately communicated these rules to its employees, has taken steps to discover violations, and has effectively enforced the rules when violations have been discovered</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">” </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1984130742&pubNum=0000350&originatingDoc=I431cdfabd1c711e4b86bd602cb8781fa&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_350_358&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_358"><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Pa. Power & Light Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n,</span><span><span></span>
						</span>737 F.2d 350, 358 (3d Cir.<span><span></span>
						</span>1984)</a><span><span></span>
					</span>(emphasis omitted) (quoting<span>
					</span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1982230952&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=I431cdfabd1c711e4b86bd602cb8781fa&refType=CA&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)"><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Marson Corp.,</span><span><span></span>
						</span>10 BNA OSHC 1660,<span>
						</span>1662<span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 78–3491</a>, 1982)<span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">At the time of the accident, Reybold had a written fall protection policy set forth in it</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s Safety</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Manual. Reybold’s fall protection policy establishes the following fall protection protocol for its employees when working in an area that is 6 feet or more above a fixed platform or floor:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Full body harness with “D” ring located in rear between the shoulder blades;</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">An approved 6-foot lanyard with a tear away portion for relieving shock;</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The lanyard is to be connected to the “D” ring and the other end to a fixed point either level with or over the head of person wearing it;</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In times that a person has to work along a lateral surface the use of a retractable is suggested. For 100% Fall Protection use a double lanyard. Connect one in forward movement and disconnect one in rear “leap frog style.” One should be connected at all times. CX-10,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>40.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; margin-right:57.6px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Notwithstanding the existence of Reybold’s fall protection policy,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that he didn’t see anyone using fall protection when working on balconies. Tr. 86. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In response to an<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">inspection</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the worksite on November 20, 2012,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that revealed unguarded balconies at Meridian Crossing where the accident occurred, Reybold’s Safety Officer, Frank Bailey, sent an email to Commercial Project Manager, Greg DaPron telling him that anyone accessing balcony areas had to be wearing fall protection or the balcony had to be guarded. Tr. 470. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Additionally, Reybold’s Safety Committee established a “tool box talk” to remind employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and supervisors about safety and accountability in construction. RX-34, 35.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Greg<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">DaPron</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified t</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">hat<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the doors were<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">screwed shut or barricaded by 2x4 pieces of wood to prevent access to any area where a fall hazard was present and no guardrails were installed. Tr. 413. He further testified that he didn’t check to see if the doors were screwed shut<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">on the day of the accident. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 414. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">By contrast,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that he never saw a balcony door blocked by wooden pieces, screwed shut, or with warning signs posted. Tr. 1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">09-</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">10. Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ubcontractor Alan Coryell testified that he and his crew would put a screw</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the door after installation, h</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e also stated that the screws were easily removed due to the number of people accessing the balcony areas for loading and unloading purposes.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Tr. 439. Further</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>referencing the doors leading to the balconies, Mr. Coryell candidly stated that, “it was next to impossible to keep them closed.” Tr. 440.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The evidence establishes that Reybold had established work rules designed to prevent this violation; however, they were not always followed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, he was given orientation by Reybold’s Human R</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">esources Manager, Collyne Figgs.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Tr. 55. His orientation included going over a lot of paperwork, procedures, and manuals. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Sometime later, he met with Reybold’s Safety Officer on site. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Ms. Figgs testified that when she met with<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, she reviewed Reybold’s personnel manual along with its policies and procedures manual and provided him with a safety manual. Tr. 365. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s exhibit no. 47, page 8<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">confirms that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received a copy of Reybold’s Safety Manual. Ms. Figgs also testified that she was present when<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the other co-op students received their safety orientation. Tr. 373, 385. During the safety orientation, Reybold’s Safety Officer, Frank Bailey</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reviewed the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">S</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">afety<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">M</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">anual with the students. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank Bailey</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">testified that he did not provide fall protection training to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because he was not expected to do work where fall protection would be required. Tr. 460, 507. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Although Reybold’s Safety Committee discussed the implementation of “tool box talks” to reinforce workplace safety,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ccording to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, he never had a tool</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">box talk and didn’t even know such a thing existed. Tr. 117. He further testified tha</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">t no one from Reybold communicated to him proper procedures for working on balconies. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 103. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Lloyd Baker is the Reybold employee who would likely be able to dispute<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s claim</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">; however, he</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>didn’t testify. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Based on the foregoing, the undersigned finds that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold failed to</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>adequately communicate its work rules regarding fall hazards to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold’s President, Jerome Heisler, testified that Frank Bailey drove around the worksite on a regular basis and was involved in inspections of the worksite. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 343. Annual inspections were</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conducted by<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s insurer. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Additionally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Bailey testified that he conducted regular inspections at the worksite where the accident took place --- Meridian Crossing. Tr. 461. The last inspection he conducted at that worksite was within a week of the accident. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s exhibit no. 29, pg. 18 reflects an inspection conducted by Frank Bailey on July 2, 2014, a little more than a week prior to the accident. On page 2 of the July 2</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; ">nd</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspection sheet, a box was checked denoting no violations found during the inspection. RX-29</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>19. Despite his testimony concerning regular inspections and the July 2, 2014</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspection sheet,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Bailey also testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he was unaware that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>there were unguarded balconies. Tr. 460.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Frank</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Bailey’s lack of knowledge concerning this condition of unguarded balconies in plain view undermines the trustwo</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">rthiness of his</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspections.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Greg DaPron also testified he didn’t notice whether the second</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">floor had guardrails<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">on the balconies. Tr. 390. Greg</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>DaPron further testified that he never saw an employee working on a balcony without fall protection. Despite the evidence concerning inspections performed by Reybold managers, it seems that the inspections were either not frequent enough or thorough enough to reveal the dangerous work practice that led to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s accident. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In fact, the Constructive Action Report issued to Greg DaPron following<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the accident states, “...it is reasonable to expect that Greg, as a Project Manager, should have recognized the potential hazard and addressed it immediately.” CX-15. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">While the evidence shows that Reybold did take some steps to discover violations,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">it also</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reveal</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">those actions were inadequate.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold offered no evidence of enforcement of its policies and procedures regarding fall hazards and fall protection</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to the July 14, 2014</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Following the accident, Greg DaPron received a written reprimand</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>titled “Constructive Action Report Performance Counseling and Documentation”</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for failing to identify and address the fall hazard. CX-15.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ub</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">c</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ontractor</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alan Coryell testified that he worked for Reybold for six years. Tr. 424. As a sub-contractor, he was familiar with Reybold’s safety policies and procedures. Tr. 425. Mr. Coryell recounted an inst</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ance when he received</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a phone call telling him that an employee was on a balcony without a harness. He responded by threatening to send the employee home if he did not put on his harness. Tr. 429. Mr. Coryell also testified th</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at he provided harnesses to all<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">of his employees who would be working on patios/balconies and that he never saw a Reybold employee on unguarded balconies. Tr. 428.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> The evidence supports a finding that Reybold enforced the rules concerning fall hazards once discovered. However, the evidence doesn’t conclusively show that such enforcement was effective. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s defense of unpreventable employee m</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">isconduct by<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">S</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ite Superintendent Lloyd Baker fails, in large part, because it didn’t adequately communicate the established work rules on the use of fall protection when working on unguarded and elevated surfaces to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Moreover, its inspections designed to uncover violations were ineffective and inadequate. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">Willful Classification</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation 2, Item 1 in this case is classified as “willful”. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">A willful violation is one committed<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">with either intentional disregard of or plain indifference to the requirements of the Act or a standard.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Constr. Co</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 2201</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">2209</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 87-2059, 1993).<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[I]t is not enough for the Secretary to show than an employer was aware of conduct or conditions constituting the alleged violation; such evidence is already necessary to establish any violation .... A willful violation is differentiated by a heightened awareness of the illegality of the conduct or conditions and by a state of mind of conscious disregard or plain indifference.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1206, 1214 (No. 89-433, 1993).<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Secretary has not established that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">§ </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">926.501(b)(13) was willful. Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fall was unfortunate and could likely have been avoided if the balcony had been guarded, it was more the result of a confluence of factors that made for a perfect storm.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">makes compelling<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">argument</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>knowledge of the cited standard along with</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">findings of an inspection conducted by its insurer in<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">N</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ovember 2012,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>referencing the fall hazard(s) created by the unguarded balconies put<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on notice and should have created a “heightened awareness” of these conditions. Sec’</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">y Br. 21-22. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">to establish the willful characterization,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must show that, at the time of the violative act, the employer was either actually aware that the act was unlawful or “that it possessed a state of mind such that if it were informed of the standard, it would not care.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Propellex Corp</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">., 18 BNA</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>OSHC 1677</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1684</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 96-0265, 1999). Such is not the case here.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">It is established that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>immediate supervisor was not working on the day of the accident. As a result, the responsibility for giving him a work assignment<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">fell on the Project Manager, Greg DaPron. Mr. DaPron wasn’t at the worksite when he received notification that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">showed up for work and needed an assignment. Yet, he took the time to travel to the worksite to give<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and Keenan Benson a work assignment<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">which was to clean up the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">third</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">floor unit(s). Ironically, the permanent railing</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s for the third</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">floor balconies</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">where Mr. DaPron assigned<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to work on the day of the accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">had already been installed.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Tr. 65</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">-66</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, CX-9</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1-4, 6, 8-10.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Mr. DaPron testified that he had never seen<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>working on a balcony nor had he seen any Reybold employee working on a balcony without fall protection. Tr. 390. Also, Mr. DaPron testi</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">fied that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his instruction to Site Superintendent Lloyd Baker was</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that “all the balconies were to be protected at all times, which in this [sic] phase of the constructio</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">meant that either the doors were screwed shut or there was a two by four across the door.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Tr. 408. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Therefore, Mr. DaPron had no way of knowing that either<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or Keenan Benson would be exposed to a fal</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">l hazard on that day. In hindsight, even<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Mr. DaPron</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conceded that, given<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s need for constant supervision, it would have been a better decision to send<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>home on the day of the accident. Tr. 399.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Nevertheless,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his failure to do so can be characterized as negligent</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or a lack of diligence</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at best. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Beta Constr. Co</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">16 B</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">NA OSHC 1435</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1444</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 91-102, 1993) (</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">h</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">olding that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it is not enough to show that<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was merely careless or displayed a lack of diligence.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">).</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In reaching the conclusion that Reybold’s violation of 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">§1926.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">501(b)(13)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">willful, the undersig</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ned also considered the company’s overall attitude toward safety. The record reveals that</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Reybold had a full-time Safety Officer (Frank Bailey) employed at the time of the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 127.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Also,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold had a written safety policy on fall protection at the time of the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which had also been provided to<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[redacted]</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to the accident.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CX-10</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Additionally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold had a Safety Committee in plac</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e at the time of the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the Comm</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ittee attempted to address<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">issues r</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">elated to</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>workplace safety</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to the accident</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 336, 356; RX-</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">34, 35. In sum, the weight of the evidence does not support a finding of “willful”. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Accordingly, Citation 2, Item 1 is modified from “willful” to “serious”.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Penalty Determination</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Commission, as the final arbiter of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">penalties</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, must give due consideration to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">gravity</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the violation and to the employer's size, history and good faith.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Constr. Co.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 15 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">2213-14 .</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "> These<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">factors</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are not necessarily accorded equal weight, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">gravity</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is generally the most<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">important</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">factor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Trinity Indus., Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1481, 1483 (No. 88-2691, 1992).<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">gravity</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of a violation depends upon such matters as the number of employees exposed, duration of exposure, precautions taken against injury, and the likelihood that an injury would result. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 15 BNA OSHC at 2213-14.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In this case,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">c</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ounsel for<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Reybold</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stipulated to the proposed penalties based on the undersigned’s findings regarding classification. Tr. 172</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 311</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Accordingly, the proposed penalty of $7,000 for Citation 1, Item 1 is undisputed. Likewise, the modified penalty of $7,000 for Citation 2, Item 1 is undisputed. This</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>modified penalty is based on a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finding that Citation 2, Item 1 is properly classified as “serious” rather than “willful” as originally classified by the Secretary.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The foregoing constitutes the findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is ORDERED that:</span></p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:44px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:44px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="padding-right:20px;">1.</span>Citation 1, Item 1 alleging a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.503(a)(1) is AFFIRMED as issued and a penalty in the amount of $7,000 is imposed.</p>
			<p style="margin-left:44px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:44px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="padding-right:20px;">2.</span>Citation 2, Item 1 alleging a violation of 29 C.F.R. §1926.501(b)(13) is AFFIRMED as modified (from “willful” to “serious”) and a penalty in the<span><span></span>
				</span>amount of $7,000 is imposed.</p>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                     <span style="font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/Keith E. Bell</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                        Keith E. Bell</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">                                                                        Judge, OSHRC </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; ">Dated:<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>April 11, 2017</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:6.667px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Washington, D.C.</p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">1 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>In their Joint Prehearing Statement, the parties agreed to and admitted the following facts in this matter (Nos. 1-13).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>At the hearing, the undersigned granted the Secretary’s motion for sanctions, under Rule 52(f)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, related to a last-minute production of documents that were responsive to an earlier discovery request made by the Secretary. One of the sanctions requested was the admission of certain facts as established. The facts are contained in a document marked CX-20 and admitted into evidence though counsel for the Secretary only sought to have four facts listed above (15-18) as “established.” Although the Secretary also sought relief in the form of an adverse inference, the undersigned finds no basis to impose such a sanction here. Tr. 313-14. Fed. R. Civ. P. 52.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>In the transcript (pgs. 137 & 389), this individual whose first name is Mike is referenced with the last name “Klinen” and “Kline”. However, Reybold’s report of the July 14, 2014, fall incident refers to him by the<span><span></span>
					</span>name Mike Clineff. RX-39 at<span><span></span>
					</span>2.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>At the hearing, counsel for the Secretary objected to Reybold’s affirmative defense of unpreventable<span>
					</span>supervisory<span><span></span>
					</span>employee misconduct. The basis for the Secretary’s objection is Reybold’s failure to specifically assert supervisory misconduct in its answer. It is well established that<span>
					</span>pleadings before the Commission are to be liberally construed and easily amended.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Nat</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">’l</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Realty and Const</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">r</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">. Co., Inc</span>.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">v. OSHRC</span>, 489 F.2d 1257, 1264<span><span></span>
					</span>(D.C. Cir. 1973). </p>
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