#### MARGARET E. HARVEY, et al. v. MARY SMITH, et al.

When, upon a petition in the County Court for repropounding an alleged will for probate, the Court ordered the same to be repropounded, and directed an issue, from the finding on which, the petitioners appealed to the Superior Court; it was held, that the appeal carried up the whole case, and that the Superior Court had power to revise the order for repropounding the will, although the defendants had not appealed from that order.

A paper writing, alleged to be the will of a married woman, devising real estate, made under a power in a settlement, can only be supported in equity as an appointment, and cannot be propounded *for*probate as a will in a Court of Law; and all proceedings for that purpose are erroneous.

Where a petition for repropounding a will for probate, does not state between whom the issue, on the first attempt to prove it was joined, nor show whether the proppr persons were parties to that issue, nor whether the executor acted *bona fide*or otherwise, so that the Court cannot see whether the petitioners were, or were not bound by the finding on that issue; the petition will be dismissed as uncertain, informal and defective, but without prejudice to the right of the petitioners to propound the same again, in a proper form before a competent tribunal.

Petition to have an alleged will repropounded for probate.

Margaret and Mary Harvey infants, by their next friend, at May Term, 1833, of Perquimons County Court, filed their petition, in which they *set*forth, that Eliza Harvey late of that county had died in the month of September, 1830, being at the time of her death, the wife of Edmund B. Harvey, of said county; that by a certain contract or settlement entered into between the said Eliza, and her husband previously to their marriage, and in contemplation of it, all the property of the said Eliza consisting of lands, slaves,' chattels and choses in action “ was assigned” to a certain Joseph Cannon, a party to the said settlement, and the trustee of the said Eliza and Edmund; that in the said settlement, it was covenanted by the said Edmund, that the said Eliza should, during! the coverture, have liberty and authority to make a will, or appointment to the said trustee, to convey the said property; and that pursuant to the authority and liberty by said contract stipulated, she did shortly before her death duly make and publish her last will, of which the petition set forth a copy. *187The alleged will, after appointing the beloved husband of the testatrix sole executor, directed the executor to sell as much of her perishable estate as was necessary for the payment of her debts ; then to retain all the residue of her estate in his hands, in trust, for the term of his life or for twenty years, and to employ her land, negroes, and other property so as to derive an income therefrom; and at his death, or at the expiration of the twenty years, to divide this *income*between the petitioners Margaret and Mary, and the *principal*which might then be in his hands, to be equally divided between the two sisters of the testatrix Mary Smith and Margaret Parker. The petitioners further charged, that the said Eliza died without altering or revoking the said will; that the said Edmund offered the same for probate at the November Term, 1830, of Perquimons County Court; “ that an issue was made up, and at February Term, 1831, of said court, the paper writing so offered as the will, was found not to be the will of Eliza Harvey deceased.” The petitioners averred in their petition, that at the time of these proceedings there were, and yet are, infants of tender years, that they were in no way parties to these proceedings, that their interest was wholly neglected and disregarded; that the paper writing so offered for probate was duly signed, and duly attested, that the said alleged testatrix was, at the time of executing it, of sound and disposing mind, and that the said paper writing, as the petitioners believed, could have been fairly and honestly proved as the last will and testament of such testatrix had the petitioners been represented, and their interests duly protected.

The petitioners showed by their petition, that at the time of the death of the said Eliza, her *heirs at law,*were Mary Smith, Margaret Parker, since intermarried with James R. Burbage, Joseph W. Townsend, John P. Townsend, Calvin Townsend and Sarah Townsend, to whom the aforesaid Joseph was guardian, and that “ on the intestacy of the said Eliza, the said Edmund would have been her *distributee.”*The petitioners prayed that the persons so named as heirs at law, and the said Edmund, might be served with process to appear and on their cor*188poral oaths answer the matters set forth in the petition, that the said paper writing might be again offered for probate, and the petitioners have such other and further relief as their case required, and to the Court should seem meet. This petition was verified by the oath of Thomas Clark, the next friend of the petitioners; thereupon process issued as was prayed, and the defendants, Joseph W. Townsend, Mary Smith, Calvin J. Townsend, Sarah Townsend and John P. Townsend, filed their answers, in which they admitted that they were the heirs at law of Eliza Harvey deceased ; that she died at the time stated; that the marriage settlement containing the covenant recited in the petition was made as stated; that the paper writing referred to, was offered for probate as the last will of the said Eliza, an issue made up and the issue found as set forth in the petition; and that the petitioners, who they alleged are the daughters of Edmund Harvey, were not parties to those proceedings; but they denied the paper so offered, to be the last will of the said Eliza, and on the contrary insisted that if the same was signed by her, she was at the time utterly incapable, from defect of mind and memory, from making a last will. It appeared from the record that Edmund Harvey and James R. Bur-bage and wife, though served with process, put in no answer or matter of defence to the petition, and thereupon the petition was taken *pro confesso,*and set for hearing *ex parte*against them. At November Term, 1833, of the County Court, the cause came on to be heard on the petition and answers, when the prayer for re-probate was granted, and the following issue submitted to a jury, to wit, whether the paper writing exhibited for re-probate is the last will and testament of Eliza Harvey, or not; and the jury being empannelled did say, that it was not the last will and testament of Eliza Harvey deceased; from which verdict the plaintiffs, (the petitioners) prayed for and obtained an appeal to the Superior Court. At the Spring Term, 1834, of Perquimons Superior Court, Jesse Wilson executor of Mary Smith, and Francis E. Smith and Josiah Smith, infants, by the said Jesse their guardian *ad hoc,*were made parties defendants; and the cause was *189removed for trial upon the application of the plaintiffs to the Superior Court of Chowan. And at that Court on the last Circuit before his Honor Judge *Donnell,*a *motion*was made by the defendants “ to dismiss the proceedings,” which was ordered by his Honor, whereupon the plaintiffs appealed.

*Bailey,*for the plaintiffs,

distinguished this case from the case of *Redmond*v. *Collins,*4 JDev. Rep. 430, upon the ground that here the prayer for re-probate was granted in the County Court, and no appeal was taken from that order, but the plaintiffs themselves appealed from the verdict of the jury, upon the issue made up to try the validity of the will. In *Redmond*v. *Collins,*the appeal from the County Court was taken from the order of re-probate. To show that an appeal is sustainable upon an order for re-probate, the case of *Ward*v. *Vickers, 2*Hay. Rep. 164, was cited.

*Iredell,*for the defendants,

contended that the petition must accompany the appeal from the decision upon the issue in the re-probate; that the appeal could not be taken from the verdict, but from the judgment thereupon; and insisted that if the petition properly formed a part of the record upon the appeal, the whole case was carried up, and was governed by that of *Redmond*v. *Collins, ubi supra.*As to the probate of wills of married women, he cited *Rich*v. *Cockell,*9 Yes. Jun. Rep. 376.

Gaston, Judge,

having stated the case as above, proceeded. — It ought not to excite surprise that questions embarrassing to the bench, as well as to the bar, should present themselves upon applications for a revision of the proceedings upon probates of wills, or refusal of probate to instruments offered as wills. The General Assembly, as the situation of our country, and the character of its institutions seemed to require, have from time to time, made important changes in the laws, in relation to the mode of proving wills, the tribunal by which controversies respecting them shall be tried, and the effect of the probate when had; but have been wholly silent as to the proceedings by which those errors, which are incidental to every human *190judicature, may be examined and corrected upon probates granted or denied. The profession, is therefore necessarily driven to adopt some mode, which is at the same time, analagous to the established usages before these changes were made, and reconcilable to the state of things induced by these changes. This adaptation of old forms to new laws is among the most delicate and difficult of legal labours. It has not yet been successfully effected upon this subject, and there is reason to fear, that several adjudications must be had, before it can be completely accomplished.

On examining the record before us, the first inquiry which suggests itself, is, did the appeal from the County to the Superior Court of Perquimons, carry up *the petition*and all the subsequent proceedings thereon, or did it carry up only the issue ordered, after the prayer for the re-probate granted, and the proceedings upon that issue ? We can see no reason to doubt, but that it was competent for the defendants to have appealed from the sentence of the County Court, ordering the will to be propounded a second time for probate. It has been the usual course to appeal from such adjudications, and has never been disapproved of. There are obvious conveniences from the practice, for if the adjudication be erroneous, it may be thus reversed without either party incurring the unnecessary expense of witnesses upon the issue. It comes within the fair construction of the act of 1777, *(Rev. ch.*115, sec. 75,) which allows an appeal to the Superior Court, “ when any person, either plaintiff or defendant, shall be dissatisfied with *the sentence, judgment, or decree*of the County Court.” It is a sentence, materially affecting the subject-matter in contestation; in form final on the *point*decided; and which the dissatisfied party ought to have an opportunity of reviewing in the appellate tribunal, before it may lead to further mischief. Where the dissatisfied party neglects to appeal from such a sentence, it is not regularly re-examinable in the superior tribunal. All objections thereto which may be waived by not being brought forward in apt time, are waived, and the cause proceeds in the appellate court, as it ought to have proceeded in the court *191below, subsequently to that sentence. But we are, nevertheless, of opinion, that when upon a petition for a reprobate, the same has been ordered, and an appeal takes place by either party from the ultimate sentence upon such re-probate, *that*appeal places the entire cause in the revising court; and it is *competent*for that court, upon discovering that the cause has never been rightfully constituted, and that, however the facts may be found, *it*cannot make a decree for the parties instituting the cause, to dismiss the same altogether. The petition must be regarded as containing the allegations of those propounding the paper, and the ultimate judgment must be founded on the allegations as admitted or proved. If they will not sustain a sentence for the party propounding, the Court is obliged to refuse to him such a sentence. The sentence below for admitting the proofs, directing an issue, is certainly, unless it had been made provisionally, a determination of the court that the allegations proved, that is to say, found on the issue, will entitle the party to a final decree. But though it be a sentence formally final on the point, it is not, and does not purport to be a final sentence on the subject-matter of the petition. And if before a final sentence rendered in the revising court, it should discover a fatal and incurable error in the cause as constituted, the Court is not obliged nor, as we conceive, at liberty, to follow out this error to an injurious consummation.

It does not appear upon what ground the Superior Court ordered the cause to be dismissed. The counsel for the appellees states, that it was done in obedience to what the Court below understood to be the law declared by this court, in the case of *Redmond*v. *Collins,*4 Dev. Rep. 430. In that case, we held that a mistake in a verdict upon an issue made up between the executor propounding, and the next of kin caveating the will, without fraud or collusion, did not give the legatee a right to repropound it for probate ; that the legatee was represented by the executor, claimed through him, was a party by him, and bound by the decree against him. It is impossible for us, to see whether in truth the case under consideration, comes *192within the application of the doctrines established in the case referred to. The petition states, that Eliza Harvey was a marr'ec^ woman, who had her husband’s permission to make a will, and who, therefore, could rightfully make a testament or will of personalty merely. Independently of the marriage settlement and of the uses and limitations therein declared, her husband, as husband, must have been the only person interested to contest such testament. By virtue of his marital rights (not as distributee, as the petition terms him,) all her personal property upon his surviving her, became either absolutely or *sub modo*his, and her next of kin were wholly without claim to them. But according to the petition, all her property, real and personal, were by that settlement conveyed to a third person, Joseph Cannon, the trustee of the said Eliza and Edmund. What, however, were the uses, trusts or limitations of that conveyance is not set forth, so that we are entirely ignorant to whom, according to the provisions of that settlement, the property was limited in the event of her dying intestate or without appointment. As a married woman, she could make no devise with or without her husband’s permission; and however a proper court may give effect to her appointment made under the form of a devise, no court can pronounce the testamentary disposition of a married woman of real estate, the *will*of such woman. The petition states, that the husband of the deceased, propounded the will for probate, and that an issue was made up, but it does not set forth either the terms of that issue, or the parties between whom it was joined. It could not have been joined between Harvey propounding the will as executor, and Harvey caveating the will as husband. This would have been a solemn farce, and not an attempt to prove the will in solemn form. If it were joined between the executor and the *heirs at law,*who claimed no interest in the personal property, the finding decided only the matter involved in that issue, and this will not be presumed to be other than that which could rightfully be controverted between these parties, that is to say, an issue of *devisavit vel non*— was it a will or not, as to the lands therein attempted to be disposed of. This, to be sure, was *193an idle issue. It is impossible for the petitioners, whether that finding be or be not removed out of the wray, to establish this instrument as a will of lands. They state upon their petition, and the will shows upon its face, that the supposed testatrix was a married woman, and therefore she *could*not devise. The Court of Probate had no power to establish this instrument; nor could the Superior Court of Chowan, if the jury had found' the issue there pending, in favour of these petitioners, have given a sentence establishing it, as a will of land. Our act of 1784, *(Rev. ch.*225, sec. 6,) making the probates of wills testimony for the devise of real estates, has not in any manner .. . *. J*altered the law, as to the incapacity of certain persons to devise real estate. The entire jurisdiction over this instrument as an appointment of real estate under the uses, trusts and powers of the marriage settlement, belongs to a different tribunal, which can pronounce it a valid appointment, when satisfied according to its rules for investigating facts, that it has been executed with the solemnities required by that settlement. So far then, as the sentence of dismission applies to the matter in controversy between the petitioners, and the heirs at law, it appears to us to have been right upon the merits, and the petitioners have no cause to complain of it. But the sentence dismissed *the petition*altogether. Had not the petitioners a right to establish the instrument as a testament ? Here we are met with difficulties which put it out of our power to make a decision upon the merits — not because of obscurity in the law — but because the case is so defectively stated as not to show upon what the law is to operate. It may be, that nothing has been done in the first instance rejecting this instrument as a testament, and that what is apprehended as such, may be a *mere nullity,*It may be, that the propounder of the will, being directly interested to defeat it, he could not be the representative of these petitioners; or that his inattention to interests which he professed to protect, was in law a fraud. Or, on the other hand, it may be that the finding of the issue was between him, as their legitimate representative, and persons entitled to the personal property of the deceased, *194Jn the event of her intestacy. If so, mere inattention on his part, is not necessarily fraud. If so, unquestionably they ought to have an opportunity of contesting the present application for repropounding the testament. It may be, that, after the finding of this issue, an order for appointing an administrator was made; and if so, the administrator should have an opportunity of resisting the petition for calling in his letters. If this Court had a general power over the controversy, it would be disposed to allow such amendments as would remove this uncertainty, and enable it to see what was done in the former alleged attempt to prove the will, and decide what are now the rights of the parties interested. But it acts, although the case is brought before it by appeal, as a Court of Errors, having its attention confined to the record, and bound to render such judgment thereon, as in law ought to have been rendered in the Superior Court. It will not, therefore, dismiss this part of the petition absolutely, or affirm the sentence of the Superior Court in this respect; but declare that the petition, so far as it seeks to repropound the instrument as a testament of chattels, is so defective and informal, that the Court can pass no definitive sentence thereon, and that it be dismissed as informal and defective, and without prejudice to the right of the petitioners to make such an application in due form to the proper court.

The decree below being neither wholly affirmed nor reversed, we shall give no costs to either party in this Court.

Per Curiam.

— This cause coming on to be heard upon the transcript of the record from the Superior Court of Chowan, and being argued by counsel on both sides, it is considered by the Court that the sentence of the said Superior Court, whereby the petition of the petitioners and the proceedings thereon are dismissed altogether, is erroneous and ought to be reversed, and the same is reversed accordingly; and the Court proceeding to render such sentence and judgment as in-law ought to have been rendered by the said Superior Court, doth adjudge, sen*195tence and decree, and it is adjudged, sentenced and decreed accordingly, that the said petition, so far as it seeks to propound, or to repropound the said last will of Eliza Harvey as a will disposing of 'lands from her heirs at law, the defendants, be dismissed with costs to the said defendants, in the County and Superior Courts, because the said Eliza was, at the time of the pretended execution of said alleged will a *feme covert,*and therefore by law incapable of making a devise of lands ; and that the said petition so far as it seeks to propound or repropound the said alleged last will, as a will or testament of the said Eliza, made with the permission of her husband, is so uncertain, defective and informal, that this Court cannot see what of right ought to be done therein, and therefore the same; and the proceedings thereon, are dismissed as informal, defective and uncertain, and without prejudice to the right of the petitioners to propound or repropound the same as the testament aforesaid of the said Eliza, before any proper court in due and right form. And it is adjudged, that the parties pay their costs in this Court respectively.