MEMORANDUM

TO: Air and Radiation Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0542

SUBJECT: Calculation of Lifecycle GHG Emissions Related to Renewable Fuels from Palm Oil-Based Biod

Outline of this Spreadsheet:

1 GHG Results

2 Palm LCA Assumptions

3 Scenario Analyzed

4 Land Use Change (LUC) Emissions

5 Indonesia and Malaysia Land Use Change Emissions

6 Indonesia and Malaysia Land Use Change Area

7 Indonesia and Malaysia Land Use Change Emissions Factors

8 Emissions from Agricultural Inputs and Rice Methane

9 Livestock GHG Emissions

10 Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Transport

11 Palm Oil Mill

12 Palm Kernel Processing

13 Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Transport

14 Biodiesel Production

15 Renewable Diesel Production

16 Fuel Transport

17 Emissions Factors, Fuel Specifications and Conversions

18 Acronyms

19 References

This spreadsheet integrates results from all stages of the fuel lifecycle to calculate lifecycle GHG emissions from th

biodiesel and renewable diesel pathways analyzed. The lifecycle GHG reductions are calculated as percent emissio
uels from Palm Oil-Based Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel

ecycle GHG emissions from the production and use of the palm oil-based 

 calculated as percent emissions reductions compared to the statutory 
Lifecycle GHG Emissions - Palm Oil Biodiesel

Emissions Category Emissions Units

Land Use Change 1,578,335 gCO2e/tCPO

Farm Inputs & Rice Methane 175,291 gCO2e/tCPO

Livestock Changes (12,290) gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Fruit Transport 29,647 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Oil Mill 864,160 gCO2e/tCPO

Crude Palm Oil Transport 10,969 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Kernel Transport 4,165 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Kernel Mill 28,209 gCO2e/tCPO

Biodiesel Production (33,181) gCO2e/tCPO

Fuel Transport 92,283 gCO2e/tCPO

Fuel Combustion 23,961 gCO2e/tCPO

Total 2,761,550 gCO2e/tCPO

Percent Reduction Relative to Diesel Baseline

Lifecycle GHG Emissions - Palm Oil Renewable Diesel

Emissions Category Emissions Units

Land Use Change 1,328,133 gCO2e/tCPO

Farm Inputs & Rice Methane 147,504 gCO2e/tCPO

Livestock Changes (10,342) gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Fruit Transport 24,947 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Oil Mill 727,171 gCO2e/tCPO

Crude Palm Oil Transport 29,360 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Kernel Transport 3,505 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Kernel Mill 23,738 gCO2e/tCPO

Renewable Diesel Production 126,318 gCO2e/tCPO

Fuel Transport 42,048 gCO2e/tCPO

Fuel Combustion 19,880 gCO2e/tCPO

Total 2,462,262 gCO2e/tCPO

Percent Reduction Relative to Diesel Baseline

Lifecyle GHG Emissions Summary (kgCO2e/mmBtu)

Emissions Category 2005 Diesel Baseline

Palm Oil 

Biodiesel

Net Agriculture (w/o land use change) - 5

Land Use Change - 46

Fuel Production 18 25

Fuel and Feedstock Transport - 4

Tailpipe Emissions 79 1

Net Emissions 97 81

% Reduction Relative to Baseline -17%
Low (using low end of 95% confidence interval for land use change GHG em

Emissions Units Emissions Units Emissions

 46,110 gCO2e/mmBtu 952,298 gCO2e/tCPO 27,821

 5,121 gCO2e/mmBtu 175,291 gCO2e/tCPO 5,121

 (359) gCO2e/mmBtu (12,290) gCO2e/tCPO (359)

 866 gCO2e/mmBtu 29,647 gCO2e/tCPO 866

 25,246 gCO2e/mmBtu 864,160 gCO2e/tCPO 25,246

 320 gCO2e/mmBtu 10,969 gCO2e/tCPO 320

 122 gCO2e/mmBtu 4,165 gCO2e/tCPO 122

 824 gCO2e/mmBtu 28,209 gCO2e/tCPO 824

 (969) gCO2e/mmBtu (33,181) gCO2e/tCPO (969)

 2,696 gCO2e/mmBtu 92,283 gCO2e/tCPO 2,696

 700 gCO2e/mmBtu 23,961 gCO2e/tCPO 700

 80,677 gCO2e/mmBtu 2,135,513 gCO2e/tCPO 62,388

-17% -36%

Low (using low end of 95% confidence interval for land use change GHG em

Emissions Units Emissions Units Emissions

 46,765 gCO2e/mmBtu 801,337 gCO2e/tCPO 28,216

 5,194 gCO2e/mmBtu 147,504 gCO2e/tCPO 5,194

 (364) gCO2e/mmBtu (10,342) gCO2e/tCPO (364)

 878 gCO2e/mmBtu 24,947 gCO2e/tCPO 878

 25,604 gCO2e/mmBtu 727,171 gCO2e/tCPO 25,604

 1,034 gCO2e/mmBtu 29,360 gCO2e/tCPO 1,034

 123 gCO2e/mmBtu 3,505 gCO2e/tCPO 123

 836 gCO2e/mmBtu 23,738 gCO2e/tCPO 836

 4,448 gCO2e/mmBtu 126,318 gCO2e/tCPO 4,448

 1,481 gCO2e/mmBtu 42,048 gCO2e/tCPO 1,481

 700 gCO2e/mmBtu 19,880 gCO2e/tCPO 700

 86,698 gCO2e/mmBtu 1,935,466 gCO2e/tCPO 68,149

-11% -30%

Palm Oil 

Renewable 

Diesel

 5

 47

 31

 4

 1

 87

-11%
e interval for land use change GHG emissions) High (using high end of 95% confidence interval for land use change GHG emissions)

Units Emissions Units Emissions Units

gCO2e/mmBtu 2,265,952 gCO2e/tCPO 66,198 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 175,291 gCO2e/tCPO 5,121 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu (12,290) gCO2e/tCPO (359) gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 29,647 gCO2e/tCPO 866 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 864,160 gCO2e/tCPO 25,246 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 10,969 gCO2e/tCPO 320 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 4,165 gCO2e/tCPO 122 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 28,209 gCO2e/tCPO 824 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu (33,181) gCO2e/tCPO (969) gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 92,283 gCO2e/tCPO 2,696 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 23,961 gCO2e/tCPO 700 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 3,449,167 gCO2e/tCPO 100,765 gCO2e/mmBtu

4%

e interval for land use change GHG emissions) High (using high end of 95% confidence interval for land use change GHG emissions)

Units Emissions Units Emissions Units

gCO2e/mmBtu 1,906,748 gCO2e/tCPO 67,138 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 147,504 gCO2e/tCPO 5,194 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu (10,342) gCO2e/tCPO (364) gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 24,947 gCO2e/tCPO 878 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 727,171 gCO2e/tCPO 25,604 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 29,360 gCO2e/tCPO 1,034 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 3,505 gCO2e/tCPO 123 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 23,738 gCO2e/tCPO 836 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 126,318 gCO2e/tCPO 4,448 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 42,048 gCO2e/tCPO 1,481 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 19,880 gCO2e/tCPO 700 gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/mmBtu 3,040,876 gCO2e/tCPO 107,072 gCO2e/mmBtu

10%
HG emissions)

G emissions)
Palm Oil Lifecycle GHG Analysis Key Assumptions

Item Active Value Default Value

Palm Oil Cultivation*

Diesel used at palm oil plantations 18.50 18.50

Nitrogen fertilizer application in Indonesia 74.30 74.30

Nitrogen fertilizer application in Malaysia 99.90 99.90

Phosphorous application in Indonesia 28.70 28.70

Phosphorous application in Malaysia 35.70 35.70

Potassium application in Indonesia 91.60 91.60

Potassium application in Malaysia 234.90 234.90

* See Ag_Inputs tab for more palm oil cultivation assumptions by region

Palm Oil Mill

Crude palm oil yield 5.00 5.00

Diesel use 0.24 0.24

Purchased electricity - -

Biomass used for heat & power 2,618,819 2,618,819

Palm Kernel Co-Product 0.27 0.27

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

POME yield 0.60 0.60

POME methane yield 18.22 18.22

% methane captured when using covered lagoon 90% 90%

% methane captured when using closed tank 90% 90%

Enclosed flare efficiency 90% 90%

Electricity generator efficiency 34% 34%

Percent methane from undigested POME 1% 1%

(See Palm Oil Mill tab for more assumptions about POME methane treatment)

Biodiesel (BD) Production

Biodiesel yield 7.60 7.60

Grid electricity for process energy 361 361

Natural gas used for process energy 4,381 4,381

Coal used for process energy - -

Biomass used for process energy - -

Glycerin output 6,800 6,800

Grid electricity emissions factor 0.195 0.195

Renewable Diesel (RD) Production

Renewable diesel yield 9.56 9.56

Grid electricity for process energy 652 652

Natural gas for process energy 23,247 23,247

Hydrogren for process energy - -
Jet fuel output 23,197 23,197

Naphtha output 3,306 3,306

LPG output 3,084 3,084

Propane output 7,454 7,454

Renewable diesel allocation factor 84% 1

Grid electricity emissions factor 0.16 0.16

Feedstock Transport & Fuel Distribution

Distance from plantation to palm oil mill 17 17

Distance from palm oil mill to biodiesel plant 50 50

Distance from palm oil mill to port 150 150

Distance from port to renewable diesel plant 500 500

Distance from palm oil mill to palm kernel mill 50 50

Distance from SE Asia to U.S. 9,000 9,000

Distance from U.S. port fo bulk distribution terminal 50 50

Distance from bulk distrbution to distributor 90 90

Fuel Specifications

Biodiesel heating value 118,000 118,000

Renewable diesel heating value 123,136 123,080
Units Source for default assumption Notes

gal diesel / ha palm oil Unnasch et al.

kg/ha

kg/ha

kg/ha

kg/ha

kg/ha

kg/ha

tFFB/tCPO Various sources including Subramaniam et al. (2008) and Schmidt (2007)

gal diesel / tFFB Subramianiam et al. (2008)

kWh elec / tCPO All electricity from biomass coproduct

Btu Biomass / tFFB Schmidt

tPK/tCPO Schmidt

tPOME/tFFB

m^3 CH4 / tPOME

% POME CH4 capture

% POME CH4 capture

% CH4 destroyed

Btu CH4 /kilowatt-hour CPA Reciprocating engine running on biogas w/ 60% methane 

% CH4 leakage CDM

lbs CPO/gal biodiesel Biodiesel yield from plant oils

Btu/gal biodiesel

Btu/gal biodiesel

Btu/gal biodiesel

Btu/gal biodiesel

Btu/gal biodiesel

gCO2e/Btu electricity Malaysia and Indonesia grid average

lbs CPO/gal RD 9.56

Btu/gal RD 652

Btu/gal RD 23,247

Btu/gal RD -

RFS final rule based on Heffer

Pearlson Table 3.1 and 3.2

RFS2 Final Rule

CDM

Subramaniam et al.
Btu/gal RD 23,197

Btu/gal RD 3,306

Btu/gal RD 3,084

Btu/gal RD 7,454

gCO2e/Btu electricity Singapore grid average

miles

miles

miles

miles

miles

miles

miles

miles

Btu/gal RFS Final Rule

Btu/gal Pearlson Table 2.1

Unnasch et al.

Pearlson Table 3.1 and 3.2
Spreadsheet Name

gal_diesel_per_ha_palm

tFFB_per_tCPO

gal_diesel_per_tFFB

kWh_elec_per_tCPO

Biomass_Btu_per_tFFB

tPOME_per_tFFB

m3_CH4_per_tPOME

POME_CH4_Capture_Lagoon

POME_CH4_Capture_Tank

Flare_Efficiency

POME_elec_prod_effcncy

COD_CH4_Percent_Leak

lbsCPO_per_galPME

Btu_elec_per_galBD

Btu_NG_per_galBD

Btu_coal_per_galBD

Btu_biomass_per_galBD

Btu_glyc_per_galBD

lbsCPO_per_galRD

Btu_elec_per_galRD

Btu_NG_per_galRD

Btu_H2_per_galRD
Btu_naphtha_per_galRD

Btu_propane_per_galRD

miles_field_to_mill

miles_mill_to_PME_plant

miles_mill_to_port

miles_port_to_RD_plant

miles_mill_to_PK_mill

miles_SEAsia_to_US

miles_US_port_to_bulkdist

miles_bulkdist_to_dist

PME_btu_per_gal

RD_btu__per_gal
Palm Only Case Simulated w/ FAPRI-CARD Model

Item Value Units

Biofuel Volumes, 2022

Palm oil biodiesel volume 210 Mgal

Palm oil renewable diesel volume 170 Mgal

Palm oil jet fuel volume 33 Mgal

Total palm oil biofuel volume 414 Mgal

Volumes of Crude Palm Oil Used for Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel 

CPO used for biodiesel 724,817 tCPO

CPO used for renewable diesel 737,216 tCPO

Total 1,462,033 tCPO

Heating Value of Palm Oil Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel

Biodiesel heating value 24,810,256 mmBtu

Renewable diesel heating value 20,937,214 mmBtu

Total 45,747,471 mmBtu
Notes
Mean Low

Land Use Change GHG Emissions tCO2e/yr 2,307,577 1,392,291

Algeria tCO2e/yr 316 (37)

Argentina tCO2e/yr (13,588) (23,539)

Australia tCO2e/yr 13,325 6,484

Bangladesh tCO2e/yr 5,295 2,730

Brazil: Amazon Biome tCO2e/yr (129,342) (181,286)

Brazil: Central-West Cerrados tCO2e/yr 12,082 (14,342)

Brazil: Northeast Coast tCO2e/yr 1,785 993

Brazil: North-Northeast Cerrados tCO2e/yr 10,226 1,828

Brazil: South tCO2e/yr 33,895 15,337

Brazil: Southeast tCO2e/yr 3,101 (2,139)

Canada tCO2e/yr 6,221 3,680

China tCO2e/yr 31,274 21,353

New Zealand tCO2e/yr (911) (1,395)

Colombia tCO2e/yr 18,879 13,406

Cuba tCO2e/yr 305 204

Egypt tCO2e/yr (117) (573)

EU tCO2e/yr 26,202 10,390

Guatemala tCO2e/yr 1,377 1,009

India tCO2e/yr 125,384 66,394

Indonesia tCO2e/yr 1,114,954 781,300

Iran tCO2e/yr 1,880 678

Iraq tCO2e/yr 411 174

Ivory Coast tCO2e/yr 7,887 5,770

Japan tCO2e/yr 1,083 559

Malaysia tCO2e/yr 826,350 572,362

Mexico tCO2e/yr 7,765 5,429

Morocco tCO2e/yr 768 190

Myanmar (Burma) tCO2e/yr 12,514 6,285

Nigeria tCO2e/yr 8,574 6,810

Africa, Other tCO2e/yr 42,767 28,952

Asia, Other tCO2e/yr 2,108 1,280

CIS, Other tCO2e/yr 7,416 903

Eastern Europe, Other tCO2e/yr 520 238

Latin America, Other tCO2e/yr 16,122 11,445

Middle East, Other tCO2e/yr 544 191

Pakistan tCO2e/yr 9,165 3,044

Paraguay tCO2e/yr (10,640) (13,608)

Peru tCO2e/yr 10,813 7,760

Philippines tCO2e/yr 4,894 2,485

Rest of World tCO2e/yr 14,447 10,051

Russia tCO2e/yr 10,397 4,492

South Africa tCO2e/yr 4,477 2,978

South Korea tCO2e/yr 374 205

Taiwan tCO2e/yr 288 56
Thailand tCO2e/yr 9,259 5,712

Tunisia tCO2e/yr 483 89

Turkey tCO2e/yr 5,214 1,637

Ukraine tCO2e/yr 7,233 2,206

Uruguay tCO2e/yr 1,780 614

United States tCO2e/yr 33,440 17,892

Uzbekistan tCO2e/yr (388) (1,310)

Venezuela tCO2e/yr 4,725 3,043

Vietnam tCO2e/yr 1,115 599

Western Africa tCO2e/yr 3,132 1,284
High

 3,312,897

 865

 (5,120)

 22,427

 8,174

 (59,020)

 44,009

 2,746

 20,468

 56,518

 9,476

 9,057

 41,249

 (433)

 24,710

 410

 367

 44,256

 1,767

 203,527

 1,458,412

 3,332

 662

 10,254

 1,642

 1,087,891

 10,134

 1,629

 19,451

 10,387

 60,068

 3,008

 15,350

 914

 21,390

 1,054

 17,220

 (7,266)

 14,340

 7,572

 19,065

 17,499

 6,077

 558

 525
 12,934

 1,088

 10,386

 13,325

 3,205

 51,247

 562

 6,502

 1,659

 5,369
Malaysia and Indonesia Land Use Change GHG Emissions Palm Only scenario results)

Malaysia (MtCO2e)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Johor - (96,811) 2,015,934 (14,757) 78,839 (9,681)

Kedah - (2,361) 214,234 - 143,618 -

Kelantan - - 70,583 - 35,543 -

Melaka - (25,974) 89,291 - (4,253) -

Negeri Sembilan - (37,780) 662,423 (4,216) 146,043 (4,840)

Pahang - (11,806) 4,480,345 - 286,557 -

Perak - (21,251) 1,876,207 (8,433) 296,350 (1,613)

Perlis - - - - 2,420 -

Pulau Pinang - (16,529) 12,237 - (4,298) (1,613)

Sabah - (7,084) 2,150,571 (2,108) 221,645 (4,840)

Sarawak - - 985,958 (6,325) 61,811 (3,227)

Selangor - (25,974) 353,679 (4,216) 10,359 (4,840)

Trengganu - - 1,001,059 - 76,204 -

Total - (245,570) 13,912,521 (40,056) 1,350,840 (30,655)

Indonesia (MtCO2e)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Aceh - (54,309) 878,269 (2,108) 90,205 (4,840)

Bali - - - - - -

Bangka-Belitung - - - - - -

Banten - - - - - -

Bengkulu - - 327,386 - 130,728 -

Gorontalo - - - - - -

Irian Jaya Barat - - - - - -

Jakarta Raya - - - - - -

Jambi - (7,084) 994,304 - 2,202 (98,420)

Jawa Barat - - - - - -

Jawa Tengah - - - - - -

Jawa Timur - - - - - -

Kalimantan Barat - - 183,952 (4,216) 29,325 (6,454)

Kalimantan Selatan - (4,722) 158,480 (4,216) 29,285 (22,588)

Kalimantan Tengah - - 465,336 (12,649) 44,715 (32,269)

Kalimantan Timur - - 569,617 (4,216) 33,632 (3,227)

Kepulauan Riau - - - - - -

Lampung - (139,313) 85,512 - 42,205 (20,975)

Maluku - - - - - -

Nusa Tenggara Barat - - - - - -

Nusa Tenggara Timur - - - - - -

Papua - - - - - -

Riau - (87,366) 2,707,282 (12,649) 10,854 (164,571)
Sulawesi Barat - - - - - -

Sulawesi Selatan - - - - - -

Sulawesi Tengah - - - - - -

Sulawesi Tenggara - - - - - -

Sulawesi Utara - - - - - -

Sumatera Barat - (33,057) 423,972 - 74,109 (6,454)

Sumatera Selatan - (54,309) 588,139 (4,216) (101,149) (116,168)

Sumatera Utara (8,243) (101,534) 2,472,037 (16,866) 136,685 (22,588)

Yogyakarta - - - - - -

Total (8,243) (481,694) 9,854,286 (61,138) 522,795 (498,552)
Shrub Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Total (30 yrs) Total / yr

 (564) (9,383) 4,649,507 6,613,083 220,436

 - - - 355,491 11,850

 - (2,681) - 103,445 3,448

 - - - 59,065 1,969

 (564) - - 761,065 25,369

 - (16,086) 795,310 5,534,320 184,477

 (564) (4,021) 1,345,910 3,482,584 116,086

 - - - 2,420 81

 - - - (10,203) (340)

 - (16,086) 61,178 2,403,276 80,109

 - (8,043) 2,080,043 3,110,217 103,674

 - (5,362) 978,844 1,302,490 43,416

 - (4,021) - 1,073,242 35,775

 (1,693) (65,684) 9,910,791 24,790,494 826,350

Shrub Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Total (30 yrs) Total / yr

 - (8,043) - 899,173 29,972

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - (1,340) 122,355 579,129 19,304

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - (4,021) 2,691,820 3,578,801 119,293

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - 550,599 753,206 25,107

 - (1,340) 1,468,265 1,623,163 54,105

 - - - 465,133 15,504

 - - 856,488 1,452,294 48,410

 - - - - -

 - - - (32,571) (1,086)

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 (564) (13,405) 14,805,009 17,244,590 574,820
 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - - - -

 - - 611,777 1,070,347 35,678

 - (6,702) 2,630,642 2,936,237 97,875

 (564) (8,043) 428,244 2,879,128 95,971

 - - - - -

 (1,129) (42,896) 24,165,200 33,448,630 1,114,954
Malaysia and Indonesia Land Use Changes in 2022 (Palm Only scenario results from the FAPRI-CARD model and t

Malaysia Land Use Change by Administrative Unit, Land Cover and Peat/Non-Peat Soil (hectares)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Johor - 880 5,238 150 2,748

Kedah - 21 236 - 902

Kelantan - - 86 - 258

Melaka - 236 451 - 236

Negeri Sembilan - 343 1,030 43 1,567

Pahang - 107 5,646 - 2,190

Perak - 193 2,297 86 2,168

Perlis - - - - 43

Pulau Pinang - 150 64 - 215

Sabah - 64 3,435 21 2,490

Sarawak - - 1,696 64 794

Selangor - 236 730 43 193

Trengganu - - 1,288 - 601

Total - 2,232 22,196 408 14,404

Indonesia Land Use Change by Administrative Unit, Land Cover and Peat/Non-Peat Soil (hectares)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Aceh - 494 1,266 21 859

Bali - - - - -

Bangka-Belitung - - - - -

Banten - - - - -

Bengkulu - - 472 - 1,245

Gorontalo - - - - -

Irian Jaya Barat - - - - -

Jakarta Raya - - - - -

Jambi - 64 3,563 - 1,524

Jawa Barat - - - - -

Jawa Tengah - - - - -

Jawa Timur - - - - -

Kalimantan Barat - - 472 43 1,009

Kalimantan Selatan - 43 343 43 623

Kalimantan Tengah - - 1,159 129 1,395

Kalimantan Timur - - 944 43 408

Kepulauan Riau - - - - -

Lampung - 1,266 172 - 751

Maluku - - - - -

Nusa Tenggara Barat - - - - -

Nusa Tenggara Timur - - - - -

Papua - - - - -

Riau - 794 9,638 129 5,688
Sulawesi Barat 

- - - - -

Sulawesi Selatan - - - - -

Sulawesi Tengah - - - - -

Sulawesi Tenggara - - - - -

Sulawesi Utara - - - - -

Sumatera Barat - 301 794 - 1,138

Sumatera Selatan - 494 2,812 43 6,311

Sumatera Utara 64 923 5,431 172 3,005

Yogyakarta - - - - -

Total 64 4,379 27,068 623 23,956
PRI-CARD model and the GEOMOD model)

Malaysia Land Use Change by Administrative Un

Savanna Shrub Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

 129 21 150 1,631 Malaysia

 - - - - Malaysia

 - - 43 - Malaysia

 - - - - Malaysia

 64 21 - - Malaysia

 - - 258 279 Malaysia

 21 21 64 472 Malaysia

 - - - - Malaysia

 21 - - - Malaysia

 64 - 258 21 Malaysia

 43 - 129 730 Malaysia

 64 - 86 343 Malaysia

 - - 64 - Malaysia

 408 64 1,052 3,477 Malaysia

 40,764

Indonesia Land Use Change by Administrative Un

Savanna Shrub Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

 64 - 129 - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - 21 43 Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 1,309 - 64 944 Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 86 - - 193 Indonesia

 301 - 21 515 Indonesia

 429 - - - Indonesia

 43 - - 301 Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 279 - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 2,190 21 215 5,195 Indonesia
 

- - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 86 - - 215 Indonesia

 1,546 - 107 923 Indonesia

 301 21 129 150 Indonesia

 - - - - Indonesia

 6,633 43 687 8,479 Indonesia

 63,453
aysia Land Use Change by Administrative Unit, Land Cover and Peat/Non-Peat Soil (%)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna Shrub

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Johor 0% 2% 13% 0% 7% 0% 0%

Kedah 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Kelantan 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Melaka 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Negeri Sembilan 0% 1% 3% 0% 4% 0% 0%

Pahang 0% 0% 14% 0% 5% 0% 0%

Perak 0% 0% 6% 0% 5% 0% 0%

Perlis 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Pulau Pinang 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Sabah 0% 0% 8% 0% 6% 0% 0%

Sarawak 0% 0% 4% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Selangor 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Trengganu 0% 0% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Total 0% 5% 54% 1% 35% 1% 0%

onesia Land Use Change by Administrative Unit, Land Cover and Peat/Non-Peat Soil (%)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna Shrub

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Aceh 0% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Bali 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Bangka-Belitung 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Banten 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Bengkulu 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Gorontalo 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Irian Jaya Barat 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jakarta Raya 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jambi 0% 0% 6% 0% 2% 2% 0%

Jawa Barat 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jawa Tengah 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Jawa Timur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Kalimantan Barat 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Kalimantan Selatan 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Kalimantan Tengah 0% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 0%

Kalimantan Timur 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Kepulauan Riau 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Lampung 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0%

Maluku 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Nusa Tenggara Barat 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Nusa Tenggara Timur 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Papua 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Riau 0% 1% 15% 0% 9% 3% 0%
Sulawesi Barat 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sulawesi Selatan 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sulawesi Tengah 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sulawesi Tenggara 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sulawesi Utara 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sumatera Barat 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 0%

Sumatera Selatan 0% 1% 4% 0% 10% 2% 0%

Sumatera Utara 0% 1% 9% 0% 5% 0% 0%

Yogyakarta 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Total 0% 7% 43% 1% 38% 10% 0%
Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil

0% 4%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

1% 1%

0% 1%

0% 0%

0% 0%

1% 0%

0% 2%

0% 1%

0% 0%

3% 9%

Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 1%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 1%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 8%
0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 0%

0% 1%

0% 0%

0% 0%

1% 13%
Malaysia and Indonesia Land Conversion GHG Emissions Factors Over 30 Years (Harris 2011)

Malaysia (MtCO2e/ha over 30 yrs)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna Shrub

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Johor (128) (110) 385 (98) 29 (75) (26)

Kedah (128) (110) 907 (98) 159 (75) (26)

Kelantan (128) (110) 822 (98) 138 (75) (26)

Melaka (128) (110) 198 (98) (18) (75) (26)

Negeri Sembilan (128) (110) 643 (98) 93 (75) (26)

Pahang (128) (110) 794 (98) 131 (75) (26)

Perak (128) (110) 817 (98) 137 (75) (26)

Perlis (128) (110) 496 (98) 56 (75) (26)

Pulau Pinang (128) (110) 190 (98) (20) (75) (26)

Sabah (128) (110) 626 (98) 89 (75) (26)

Sarawak (128) (110) 581 (98) 78 (75) (26)

Selangor (128) (110) 485 (98) 54 (75) (26)

Trengganu (128) (110) 777 (98) 127 (75) (26)

Indonesia (MtCO2e/ha over 30 yrs)

From Barren Crop Forest Grass Mixed Savanna Shrub

To Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil

Aceh (128) (110) 693 (98) 105 (75) (26)

Bali (128) (110) 584 (98) 78 (75) (26)

Bangka-Belitung (128) (110) 156 (98) (29) (75) (26)

Banten (128) (110) 289 (98) 4 (75) (26)

Bengkulu (128) (110) 693 (98) 105 (75) (26)

Gorontalo (128) (110) 905 (98) 158 (75) (26)

Irian Jaya Barat (128) (110) 645 (98) 93 (75) (26)

Jakarta Raya (128) (110) 20 (98) (63) (75) (26)

Jambi (128) (110) 279 (98) 1 (75) (26)

Jawa Barat (128) (110) 530 (98) 64 (75) (26)

Jawa Tengah (128) (110) 437 (98) 41 (75) (26)

Jawa Timur (128) (110) 562 (98) 72 (75) (26)

Kalimantan Barat (128) (110) 390 (98) 29 (75) (26)

Kalimantan Selatan (128) (110) 461 (98) 47 (75) (26)

Kalimantan Tengah (128) (110) 401 (98) 32 (75) (26)

Kalimantan Timur (128) (110) 603 (98) 82 (75) (26)

Kepulauan Riau (128) (110) 119 (98) (39) (75) (26)

Lampung (128) (110) 498 (98) 56 (75) (26)

Maluku (128) (110) 487 (98) 54 (75) (26)

Nusa Tenggara Barat (128) (110) 712 (98) 110 (75) (26)

Nusa Tenggara Timur (128) (110) 471 (98) 50 (75) (26)

Papua (128) (110) 659 (98) 96 (75) (26)

Riau (128) (110) 281 (98) 2 (75) (26)
Sulawesi Barat (128) (110) 723 (98) 113 (75) (26)

Sulawesi Selatan (128) (110) 711 (98) 109 (75) (26)

Sulawesi Tengah (128) (110) 698 (98) 106 (75) (26)

Sulawesi Tenggara (128) (110) 674 (98) 100 (75) (26)

Sulawesi Utara (128) (110) 602 (98) 82 (75) (26)

Sumatera Barat (128) (110) 534 (98) 65 (75) (26)

Sumatera Selatan (128) (110) 209 (98) (16) (75) (26)

Sumatera Utara (128) (110) 455 (98) 45 (75) (26)

Yogyakarta (128) (110) 484 (98) 53 (75) (26)

Item Value Units Notes

Peat Soil Emissions Factor 95 Mg CO2e ha-1 yr-1 Over 30 yrsBased on Page et al. and Hooijer et al.
Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

Wetland Peat

Palm Oil Palm Oil

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850
 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850

 (62) 2,850
Item Emissions Units Notes

Farm Inputs & Rice CH4 256,282 tCO2e

International Agirultural Impacts

N2O Emissions 335 tN2O

N Application 12,583 tN

P Application 6,893 tP

K Application 19,593 tK

Herbicide Application 60 tHerbicide

Pesticide Application 54 tPesticide

Rice Methane Emissions 236 tCH4

Lifecycle GHG Emissions Factors

N Application 3,291,414 gCO2e/ton

P Application 1,123,159 gCO2e/ton

K Application 742,546 gCO2e/ton

Herbicide Application 23,450,279 gCO2e/ton

Pesticide Application 27,216,587 gCO2e/ton

Lifecycle GHG Emissions

International Ag. Energy 74,020 tCO2e

N2O Emissions 103,914 tCO2e

N Application 45,653 tCO2e

P Application 8,534 tCO2e

K Application 16,037 tCO2e

Herbicide Application 1,550 tCO2e

Pesticide Application 1,616 tCO2e

Rice Methane Emissions 4,957 tCO2e

RFS2 Final Rule
CH4 N2O CO2 CO2e

 3,175 1,794 2,668,549 3,291,414 g/ton

 1,942 20 1,076,268 1,123,159 g/ton

 1,061 10 717,036 742,546 g/ton

 32,856 253 22,681,896 23,450,279 g/ton

 38,665 327 26,303,347 27,216,587 g/ton
Item Emissions Units

Agricultural energy use 74,020 tCO2e

Energy use at palm oil plantations

Diesel use 18.50 gal diesel / ha palm oil

Diesel use 2 mmBtu/ha

GHG Emissions 233,300 gCO2e/ha

Other Crops Ag Energy Emissions

Region gCO2e/ha Total Crops

Algerian - 0

Argentina 102,325 (4)

Australia 21,818 4

Bangladesh 369,280 1

Brazil 75,491 22

Canada 177,349 15

China 365,122 1

CIS 51,787 -

Columbia 41,046 1

Cuba 133,714 0

Egypt 2,357,167 1

EU 827,722 8

Guatemala 47,786 0

India 665,555 27

Indonesia 185,508 64

Iran 478,549 1

Iraq - 0

Ivory Coast 13,315 1

Japan 2,487,101 0

Malaysia 48,666 41

Mexico 129,910 0

Morocco 55,288 0

Myanmar - 1

Nigeria 452,735 12

Other Africa 21,434 11

Other Asia 4,491,072 0

Other CIS 313,511 7

Other Eastern Europe 167,768 0

Other Latin America 305,566 2

Other Middle East 714,572 0

Pakistan 133,860 3

Paraguay 452,735 1

Peru 66,539 1

Philippines 92,554 1

ROW 162,331 1

2022 Crop Expansion (000s 
Russia 175,699 

4

Russia and Ukraine 175,699 -

South Africa 93,268 1

South Korea 4,235,7710

Taiwan 365,122 (0)

Thailand 662,932 2

Tunisia 166,4970

Turkey 324,3532

Ukraine 247,6513

United States 302,618 14

Uruguay 46,356 0

Uzbekistan 339,4321

Venezuela 15,9430

Vietnam 221,5400

Western Africa 10,0341

Total 252
Notes

The public docket includes additional information on agricultural energy use estimates including models, data and assumptio

Palm Oil Other Crops

tCO2e from Other 

Crops tCO2e from Palm Oil

 - 0 - -

 - (4) (449) -

 - 4 86 -

 - 1 228 -

 - 22 1,682 -

 - 15 2,693 -

 0 1 195 40

 - - - -

 1 0 15 137

 - 0 4 -

 - 1 1,966 -

 - 8 6,595 -

 0 0 2 26

 - 27 18,262 -

 63 1 110 14,803

 - 1 244 -

 - 0 - -

 1 1 8 168

 - 0 417 -

 41 0 0 9,510

 0 (0) (6) 20

 - 0 21 -

 - 1 - -

 11 0 139 2,613

 3 8 171 780

 - 0 1,742 -

 - 7 2,345 -

 - 0 26 -

 1 1 308 233

 - 0 188 -

 - 3 382 -

 0 1 276 11

 0 1 39 10

 0 0 40 27

 0 1 160 103

2022 Crop Expansion (000s ha)
 

- 4 639 -

 - - - -

 - 1 94 -

 - 0 421 -

 - (0) (2) -

 2 0 184 361

 - 0 42 -

 - 2 610 -

 - 3 770 -

 - 14 4,113 -

 - 0 9 -

 - 1 346 -

 0 0 2 22

 - 0 11 -

 0 1 9 19

 124 128 45,137 28,883
ding models, data and assumptions used
Item Emissions Units

Rice Methane Emissions 236.05 Mt CH4/yr

Region kg CH4/acre/yr Harvested Rice Area (000s Ha), 2022

Algeria 84 0.00

Argentina 71 0.01

Australia 106 0.05

Bangladesh 57 0.23

Brazil 37 (0.42)

Canada 84 -

China 72 (0.34)

CIS 84 -

Colombia 56 0.02

Cuba 122 0.01

Egypt 77 -

EuropeanUnion 92 0.01

Guatemala 84 0.00

India 120 (0.62)

Indonesia 137 0.42

Iran 47 0.02

Iraq 63 0.03

Ivory Coast 11 0.13

Japan 107 0.10

Malaysia 119 -

Mexico 63 (0.01)

Morocco 84 0.00

Myanmar 99 -

Nigeria 33 0.03

Other Africa 84 0.20

Other Asia 84 0.11

Other CIS 84 0.01

Other Eastern Europe 84 0.00

Other Latin America 84 0.04

Other Middle East 84 -

Pakistan 107 0.27

Paraguay 84 -

Peru 84 0.01

Philippines 119 0.25

Rest of World 83 0.14

Russia 84 0.01

Russia and Ukraine 84 -

South Africa 84 -

South Korea 77 0.08

Taiwan 126 (0.01)

Thailand 94 0.20

Tunisia 84 -
Turkey 55 0.01

Ukraine 84 0.00

United States 84 (0.20)

Uruguay 91 0.03

Uzbekistan 84 0.00

Venezuela 84 0.01

Vietnam 125 0.01

Western Africa 84 0.00

Total 0.84
Notes

The public docket includes additional information on rice methane estimates including models, data and assumptions used

2022 (Mt CH4/yr)

 0.00

1.15

 12.78

32.21

 (38.78)

 -

 (60.68)

 -

 2.10

1.55

 -

 2.29

0.10

 (182.05)

 143.20

 2.59

5.27

3.68

 27.13

 -

 (1.50)

 0.04

 -

 2.53

 41.40

23.69

 1.26

0.02

8.95

 -

 70.57

 -

 2.66

 74.71

28.70

 1.24

 -

-

 15.43

 (2.76)

 45.24

 -
 1.65

0.16

 (42.59)

 7.47

0.43

1.65

2.33

0.22

 236.05
ata and assumptions used
Item Emissions Units Notes

N2O Emissions 335 Mt N2O The public docket includes additional information on agricultu

N Application 12,583 Mt N

P Application 6,893 Mt P

K Application 19,593 Mt K

Herbicide Application 60 Mt Herbicide

Pesticide Application 54 Mt Pesticide

Total Emissions from Inorganic Fertilizer and Crop Residues Applied to Agricultural Soils (kg N2O)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria 2 - - - (0)

Argentina 44 (1,457) 9 - (25)

Australia 90 10 2,828 - (1)

Bangladesh 0 (4) 21 - (2)

Brazil - 2,899 11,468 - -

Canada (1,178) (1,301) - - -

China 81 (40,665) 10,144 464 1,102

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 1 28 598 1,726 (0)

Cuba - 3 - - (1)

Egypt - 711 2,851 - (4)

EuropeanUnion (9,931) (10,402) - - -

Guatemala 0 69 20 187 (0)

India 8 1,075 25,052 - 112

Indonesia - 628 - 103,241 (40)

Iran 21 52 - - (0)

Iraq 11 5 3 - (0)

Ivory Coast - 7 63 22 (4)

Japan 31 - - - (1)

Malaysia - 7 - 88,015 (0)

Mexico 156 (17) 51 1,041 12

Morocco 25 11 0 - (1)

Myanmar - (7) 7 - (40)

Nigeria - 116 594 344 (134)

Other Africa 57 1,868 6,007 103 (356)

Other Asia 43 (62) 4 - (1)

Other CIS 21 5 4,231 - (0)

Other Eastern Europe 33 (7) - - -

Other Latin America 42 204 1,203 2,939 (5)

Other Middle East 64 12 101 - (1)

Pakistan 10 182 1,824 - (6)

Paraguay - - - 61 (2)

Peru 6 9 118 1 (0)

Philippines - 263 0 284 (2)

Rest of World 7 628 - 654 (43)

Russia (206) 91 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -
South Africa 11 566 27 - (2)

South Korea - - - - (0)

Taiwan - 3 - - -

Thailand 0 117 - 2,299 (4)

Tunisia 6 - 0 - -

Turkey 176 77 1,775 - (2)

Ukraine 4 61 - - -

United States (355) 15,778 4,688 - 1,064

Uruguay 30 3 - - (0)

Uzbekistan 0 0 4,800 - (0)

Venezuela - 64 194 122 (0)

Vietnam - 251 - - (15)

Western Africa - 49 1,624 3 (7)

Total (10,685) (28,072) 80,307 201,504 1,590

Direct N2O Emissions from Synthetic Fertilizer Application (kg N2O)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria - - - - -

Argentina - (720) (0) - -

Australia - 5 838 - -

Bangladesh - (3) 15 - -

Brazil - (295) 5,853 - -

Canada (619) (704) - - -

China 42 (25,033) 6,736 346 -

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 1 13 397 1,289 -

Cuba - - - - -

Egypt - 468 2,012 - -

EuropeanUnion (5,493) (6,344) - - -

Guatemala - 41 14 139 -

India - 549 15,334 - -

Indonesia - 432 - 74,084 -

Iran - 36 - - -

Iraq - - - - -

Ivory Coast - - - 0 -

Japan 17 - - - -

Malaysia - 5 - 63,993 -

Mexico 89 (47) 25 783 -

Morocco - 4 - - -

Myanmar - (5) - - -

Nigeria - 17 381 5 -

Other Africa 21 1,101 3,477 2 -

Other Asia - (47) - - -

Other CIS - (0) 2,232 - -

Other Eastern Europe 13 (7) - - -

Other Latin America 27 122 818 2,195 -

Other Middle East 37 6 51 - -
Pakistan - 101 1,060 - -

Paraguay - - - 45 -

Peru - - - - -

Philippines - 109 - 212 -

Rest of World 4 404 - 483 -

Russia - 19 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa - 298 19 - -

South Korea - - - - -

Taiwan - - - - -

Thailand - 58 - 1,700 -

Tunisia - - - - -

Turkey 107 45 1,104 - -

Ukraine - - - - -

United States (198) 7,461 2,584 - -

Uruguay 18 1 - - -

Uzbekistan - - 3,300 - -

Venezuela - 38 132 90 -

Vietnam - 136 - - -

Western Africa - 24 1,025 0 -

Total (5,935) (21,712) 47,406 145,366 -

 0.01 Direct Inorganic Fertilizer EF (kg N20-N/kg N)

 1.57 convert N2O-N to N2O

Indirect N2O Emissions from Synthetic Fertilizer Application (kg N2O)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria - - - - -

Argentina - (234) (0) - -

Australia - 2 272 - -

Bangladesh - (1) 5 - -

Brazil - (96) 1,902 - -

Canada (201) (229) - - -

China 14 (8,136) 2,189 112 -

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0 4 129 419 -

Cuba - - - - -

Egypt - 152 654 - -

EuropeanUnion (1,785) (2,062) - - -

Guatemala - 13 4 45 -

India - 178 4,984 - -

Indonesia - 140 - 24,077 -

Iran - 12 - - -

Iraq - - - - -

Ivory Coast - - - 0 -

Japan 6 - - - -

Malaysia - 2 - 20,798 -
Mexico 29 (15) 8 255 -

Morocco - 1 - - -

Myanmar - (2) - - -

Nigeria - 5 124 2 -

Other Africa 7 358 1,130 1 -

Other Asia - (15) - - -

Other CIS - (0) 725 - -

Other Eastern Europe 4 (2) - - -

Other Latin America 9 40 266 713 -

Other Middle East 12 2 17 - -

Pakistan - 33 344 - -

Paraguay - - - 15 -

Peru - - - - -

Philippines - 35 - 69 -

Rest of World 1 131 - 157 -

Russia - 6 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa - 97 6 - -

South Korea - - - - -

Taiwan - - - - -

Thailand - 19 - 553 -

Tunisia - - - - -

Turkey 35 15 359 - -

Ukraine - - - - -

United States (64) 2,425 840 - -

Uruguay 6 0 - - -

Uzbekistan - - 1,073 - -

Venezuela - 12 43 29 -

Vietnam - 44 - - -

Western Africa - 8 333 0 -

Total (1,929) (7,056) 15,407 47,244 -

 0.01 Volatilization EF [kg N2O–N/(kg NH3–N + NOX–N volatilised)]

 0.01 Leaching/Runoff EF (kg N20-N/kg N leaching or runoff)

 0.10 Volatilization from synthetic fertilizer [(kg NH3–N + NOx–N)/kg N applied]

 0.30 N losses by leaching/runoff (N losses by leaching or runoff/kg N addition)

 1.57 convert N2O-N to N2O

Direct Emissions from Crop Residues (kg N2O)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria 2 - - - (0)

Argentina 36 (410) 7 - (20)

Australia 74 3 1,402 - (1)

Bangladesh 0 0 1 - (2)

Brazil - 2,686 3,031 - -

Canada (292) (301) - - -

China 21 (6,119) 995 4 900
CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0 8 59 14 (0)

Cuba - 2 - - (0)

Egypt - 74 152 - (3)

EuropeanUnion (2,165) (1,630) - - -

Guatemala 0 12 2 3 (0)

India 7 284 3,865 - 91

Indonesia - 45 - 4,147 (33)

Iran 17 4 - - (0)

Iraq 9 4 2 - (0)

Ivory Coast - 6 52 18 (4)

Japan 7 - - - (0)

Malaysia - (0) - 2,632 (0)

Mexico 31 37 15 2 10

Morocco 20 4 0 - (1)

Myanmar - 0 6 - (33)

Nigeria - 76 72 275 (110)

Other Africa 23 334 1,144 82 (290)

Other Asia 35 0 3 - (1)

Other CIS 17 4 1,040 - (0)

Other Eastern Europe 13 2 - - -

Other Latin America 5 34 97 25 (4)

Other Middle East 12 3 27 - (1)

Pakistan 8 39 343 - (5)

Paraguay - - - 1 (2)

Peru 5 7 97 1 (0)

Philippines - 97 0 3 (1)

Rest of World 2 76 - 11 (35)

Russia (168) 54 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa 9 140 2 - (2)

South Korea - - - - (0)

Taiwan - 3 - - -

Thailand 0 32 - 38 (3)

Tunisia 5 - 0 - -

Turkey 28 14 255 - (1)

Ukraine 4 50 - - -

United States (76) 4,809 1,032 - 869

Uruguay 5 1 - - (0)

Uzbekistan 0 0 349 - (0)

Venezuela - 11 16 2 (0)

Vietnam - 58 - - (13)

Western Africa - 14 217 2 (6)

Total (2,303) 568 14,280 7,261 1,298

 0.01 Direct Crop Residue EF

 1.57 convert N2O-N to N2O
 0.04 Fraction of palm crop that is renewed annually*

Indirect Emissions from Crop Residues (kg N2O)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria 0 - - - (0)

Argentina 8 (92) 2 - (5)

Australia 17 1 316 - (0)

Bangladesh 0 0 0 - (0)

Brazil - 604 682 - -

Canada (66) (68) - - -

China 5 (1,377) 224 1 202

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0 2 13 3 (0)

Cuba - 0 - - (0)

Egypt - 17 34 - (1)

EuropeanUnion (487) (367) - - -

Guatemala 0 3 0 1 (0)

India 1 64 870 - 21

Indonesia - 10 - 933 (7)

Iran 4 1 - - (0)

Iraq 2 1 1 - (0)

Ivory Coast - 1 12 4 (1)

Japan 2 - - - (0)

Malaysia - (0) - 592 (0)

Mexico 7 8 3 0 2

Morocco 5 1 0 - (0)

Myanmar - 0 1 - (7)

Nigeria - 17 16 62 (25)

Other Africa 5 75 257 18 (65)

Other Asia 8 0 1 - (0)

Other CIS 4 1 234 - (0)

Other Eastern Europe 3 1 - - -

Other Latin America 1 8 22 6 (1)

Other Middle East 3 1 6 - (0)

Pakistan 2 9 77 - (1)

Paraguay - - - 0 (0)

Peru 1 2 22 0 (0)

Philippines - 22 0 1 (0)

Rest of World 0 17 - 2 (8)

Russia (38) 12 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa 2 31 0 - (0)

South Korea - - - - (0)

Taiwan - 1 - - -

Thailand 0 7 - 9 (1)

Tunisia 1 - 0 - -

Turkey 6 3 57 - (0)
Ukraine 1 11 - - -

United States (17) 1,082 232 - 195

Uruguay 1 0 - - (0)

Uzbekistan 0 0 79 - (0)

Venezuela - 3 4 1 (0)

Vietnam - 13 - - (3)

Western Africa - 3 49 0 (1)

Total (518) 128 3,213 1,634 292

 0.01 Leaching/Runoff EF (kg N20-N/kg N leaching or runoff)

 0.30 N losses by leaching/runoff (N losses by leaching or runoff/kg N addition)

 1.57 convert N2O-N to N2O

 0.04 Fraction of palm crop that is renewed annually

Crop Residue Factors

 Barley Maize Root crops, otherd Root crops, otherd Peanut (w/pod)i 

C 0.89 0.87 0.94 0.94 0.94

D 0.98 1.03 1.07 1.07 1.07

E 0.59 0.61 1.54 1.54 1.54

F 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02

G 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.20

H 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Total N (Mt)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria - - - - -

Argentina - (45.85) (0.00) - -

Australia - 0.30 53.34 - -

Bangladesh - (0.18) 0.96 - -

Brazil - (18.75) 372.47 - -

Canada (39.39) (44.77) - - -

China 2.65 (1,593.03) 428.63 22 -

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0.04 0.85 25.25 82 -

Cuba - - - - -

Egypt - 29.75 128.03 - -

EuropeanUnion (349.56) (403.69) - - -

Guatemala - 2.59 0.87 9 -

India - 34.92 975.81 - -

Indonesia - 27.48 - 4,714 -

Iran - 2.27 - - -

Iraq - - - - -

Ivory Coast - - - 0 -

Japan 1.08 - - - -

Malaysia - 0.33 - 4,072 -

Mexico 5.68 (3.01) 1.58 50 -

Morocco - 0.24 - - -
Myanmar - (0.32) - - -

Nigeria - 1.07 24.27 0 -

Other Africa 1.35 70.07 221.24 0 -

Other Asia - (2.98) - - -

Other CIS - (0.00) 142.01 - -

Other Eastern Europe 0.80 (0.46) - - -

Other Latin America 1.69 7.79 52.08 140 -

Other Middle East 2.35 0.37 3.25 - -

Pakistan - 6.43 67.43 - -

Paraguay - - - 3 -

Peru - - - - -

Philippines - 6.92 - 13 -

Rest of World 0.26 25.73 - 31 -

Russia - 1.19 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa - 18.99 1.20 - -

South Korea - - - - -

Taiwan - - - - -

Thailand - 3.72 - 108 -

Tunisia - - - - -

Turkey 6.82 2.88 70.25 - -

Ukraine - - - - -

United States (12.60) 474.81 164.44 - -

Uruguay 1.16 0.08 - - -

Uzbekistan - - 210.02 - -

Venezuela - 2.41 8.39 6 -

Vietnam - 8.67 - - -

Western Africa - 1.54 65.22 0 -

Total (378) (1,382) 3,017 9,251 -

Total P (Mt)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria - - - - -

Argentina - (21.52) (0.00) - -

Australia - 0.20 26.67 - -

Bangladesh - (0.04) 0.24 - -

Brazil - (16.92) 281.44 - -

Canada (15.29) (11.81) - - -

China 1.16 (257.96) 154.79 7.34 -

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0.04 1.19 9.47 24.41 -

Cuba - - - - -

Egypt - 2.24 32.01 - -

EuropeanUnion (126.96) (129.48) - - -

Guatemala - 1.55 0.52 4.41 -

India - 8.31 476.28 - -

Indonesia - 5.52 - 1,821.04 -
Iran - 0.90 - - -

Iraq - - - - -

Ivory Coast - - - 0.02 -

Japan 1.01 - - - -

Malaysia - 0.11 - 1,455.25 -

Mexico 2.13 (0.44) 0.79 36.93 -

Morocco - 0.24 - - -

Myanmar - (0.09) - - -

Nigeria - 0.25 - 0.33 -

Other Africa 2.79 22.82 73.46 0.10 -

Other Asia - (0.64) - - -

Other CIS - (0.00) 71.01 - -

Other Eastern Europe 0.36 (0.14) - - -

Other Latin America 1.33 3.13 11.30 41.57 -

Other Middle East 2.27 0.18 2.57 - -

Pakistan - 2.38 16.55 - -

Paraguay - - - 1.92 -

Peru - - - - -

Philippines - 0.89 - 4.49 -

Rest of World 0.12 18.42 - 9.16 -

Russia - 0.37 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa - 7.13 1.20 - -

South Korea - - - - -

Taiwan - - - - -

Thailand - 1.17 - 70.24 -

Tunisia - - - - -

Turkey 3.58 0.80 27.34 - -

Ukraine - - - - -

United States (4.71) 123.27 82.22 - -

Uruguay 1.35 0.11 - - -

Uzbekistan - - 45.00 - -

Venezuela - 0.96 5.04 3.80 -

Vietnam - 2.94 - - -

Western Africa - 0.89 26.76 0.00 -

Total (131) (233) 1,345 3,481 -

Total K (Mt)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria - - - - -

Argentina - (0.19) - - -

Australia - - 8.89 - -

Bangladesh - (0.04) 0.48 - -

Brazil - (16.54) 274.94 - -

Canada (5.88) (22.51) - - -

China 0.83 (42.40) 24.76 22.02 -

CIS - - - - -
Colombia 0.02 0.17 12.63 107.99 -

Cuba - - - - -

Egypt - 0.66 5.82 - -

EuropeanUnion (100.82) (135.82) - - -

Guatemala - 1.55 0.52 13.23 -

India - 2.46 144.84 - -

Indonesia - 6.11 - 5,812.12 -

Iran - 0.25 - - -

Iraq - - - - -

Ivory Coast - - - 7.72 -

Japan 0.90 - - - -

Malaysia - 0.11 - 9,575.33 -

Mexico - (0.09) 0.53 36.93 -

Morocco - 0.04 - - -

Myanmar - - - - -

Nigeria - - - 119.72 -

Other Africa 0.12 7.19 55.44 35.75 -

Other Asia - (0.55) - - -

Other CIS - (0.00) 33.81 - -

Other Eastern Europe 0.26 (0.14) - - -

Other Latin America 0.51 2.85 16.21 183.91 -

Other Middle East 0.07 0.20 0.78 - -

Pakistan - 0.19 0.39 - -

Paraguay - - - 2.88 -

Peru - - - - -

Philippines - 0.40 - 13.46 -

Rest of World 0.13 19.19 - 42.83 -

Russia - 0.24 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa - 1.72 - - -

South Korea - - - - -

Taiwan - - - - -

Thailand - 1.82 - 123.39 -

Tunisia - - - - -

Turkey - 0.20 4.24 - -

Ukraine - - - - -

United States (1.99) 154.50 54.81 - -

Uruguay - 0.02 - - -

Uzbekistan - - 1.20 - -

Venezuela - 0.72 5.04 9.50 -

Vietnam - 1.76 - - -

Western Africa - 0.60 17.84 0.87 -

Total (106) (15) 663 16,108 -

Total Pesticide (Mt)

Country Fungicides & Bactericides Herbicides Insecticides

Algeria 0.01 0.00 0.01
Argentina (0.23) (1.41) (0.31)

Australia 0.81 0.16 0.06

Bangladesh 0.05 0.01 0.10

Brazil 0.57 2.72 1.60

Canada 0.07 0.54 0.07

China 0.53 0.69 0.89

CIS - - -

Colombia 0.41 0.34 0.15

Cuba - - -

Egypt 0.63 0.13 0.89

EU 7.49 5.71 1.77

Guatemala 0.03 0.01 0.01

India 1.37 1.07 4.92

Indonesia 0.40 1.31 0.90

Iran 0.03 0.01 0.01

Iraq 0.00 0.01 0.01

Ivory Coast 0.00 0.00 0.01

Japan - - -

Malaysia 6.64 36.75 8.69

Mexico - - -

Morocco 0.06 0.01 0.04

Myanmar 0.00 0.00 0.02

Nigeria - - -

Other Africa 0.21 0.16 0.19

Other Asia 0.02 0.03 0.01

Other CIS 0.29 0.55 0.36

Other Eastern Europe 0.04 0.09 0.01

Other Latin America 0.38 0.50 0.39

Other Middle East 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pakistan 0.03 0.09 1.01

Paraguay 0.01 0.17 0.13

Peru 0.04 0.03 0.05

Philippines - - -

Rest of World 0.16 0.25 0.06

Russia 0.20 0.20 0.03

Russia and Ukraine - - -

South Africa 0.07 0.09 0.05

South Korea 0.39 0.28 0.45

Taiwan - - -

Thailand 0.32 0.99 0.61

Tunisia 0.02 0.00 0.00

Turkey 0.32 0.31 0.67

Ukraine 1.24 2.68 1.06

United States 4.62 5.42 1.56

Uruguay 0.01 0.03 0.00

Uzbekistan - - -

Venezuela 0.02 0.01 0.01
Vietnam 0.03 0.03 0.07

Western Africa 0.00 0.00 0.01

Total 27.28 59.98 26.59

N application rates (kg/ha)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria

Argentina 92.71 14.34

Australia 96.00 24.45

Bangladesh 36.11 137.93

Brazil 58.04 197.98 94.83

Canada 67.00 148.17

China 80.00 171.06 240.94 129.03

CIS 1.52 21.00

Colombia 60.00 50.00 80.00 139.82

Cuba

Egypt 107.10 441.17 185.26

EuropeanUnion 101.09 164.03 875.08

Guatemala 100.00 100.00 80.00

India 45.44 99.40

Indonesia 106.36 45.45 74.30

Iran 235.13 181.77

Iraq

Ivory Coast 0.03

Japan 77.00 200.00

Malaysia 117.65 99.90

Mexico 80.00 94.75 53.27 589.04

Morocco 23.30

Myanmar 35.00

Nigeria 5.90 35.10 0.03

Other Africa 8.84 53.17 31.15 0.03

Other Asia 56.79

Other CIS 1.52 21.00

Other Eastern Europe 28.25 85.61

Other Latin America 84.72 108.54 100.35 139.82

Other Middle East 41.52 83.26 36.46

Pakistan 129.05 169.52

Paraguay 30.00 40.00 60.00

Peru

Philippines 40.24 116.50

Rest of World 96.85 143.67 69.92

Russia 66.20

Russia and Ukraine 66.20

South Africa 84.20 68.73

South Korea 120.00

Taiwan

Thailand 71.24 1,134.80 69.94
Tunisia

Turkey 53.70 179.86 133.09

Ukraine

United States 82.70 135.65 53.27 589.04

Uruguay 60.00 40.00

Uzbekistan 210.00

Venezuela 100.00 100.00 60.00

Vietnam 128.99 91.95

Western Africa 47.87 64.65 0.03

P application rates (kg/ha)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria

Argentina 43.52 2.87

Australia 64.00 12.23

Bangladesh 8.02 34.48

Brazil 52.35 149.60 60.34

Canada 26.00 39.10

China 35.00 27.70 87.01 43.01

CIS 0.47 10.50

Colombia 60.00 70.00 30.00 41.61

Cuba

Egypt 35.70 33.19 46.32

EuropeanUnion 36.72 52.61 335.97

Guatemala 60.00 60.00 40.00

India 10.82 48.51

Indonesia 21.36 45.45 28.70

Iran 93.65 63.41

Iraq

Ivory Coast 0.03

Japan 72.00 200.00

Malaysia 39.22 35.70

Mexico 30.00 13.95 26.63 436.33

Morocco 23.30

Myanmar 10.00

Nigeria 1.40 - 0.03

Other Africa 18.29 17.32 10.34 0.03

Other Asia 12.20

Other CIS 0.47 10.50

Other Eastern Europe 12.71 26.08

Other Latin America 66.66 43.58 21.77 41.61

Other Middle East 40.17 41.38 28.81

Pakistan 47.85 41.61

Paraguay 30.00 30.00 40.00

Peru

Philippines 5.17 38.83
Rest of World 44.19 102.86 20.82

Russia 20.79

Russia and Ukraine 20.79

South Africa 31.63 68.73

South Korea 110.00

Taiwan

Thailand 22.50 358.36 45.40

Tunisia

Turkey 28.20 49.75 51.81

Ukraine

United States 30.91 35.22 26.63 436.33

Uruguay 70.00 60.00

Uzbekistan 45.00

Venezuela 40.00 60.00 40.00

Vietnam 43.79 45.98

Western Africa 27.87 26.52 0.03

K application rates (kg/ha)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria

Argentina 0.38 -

Australia - 4.08

Bangladesh 8.02 68.97

Brazil 51.17 146.14 129.31

Canada 10.00 74.50

China 25.00 4.55 13.92 129.03

CIS 0.26 5.00

Colombia 30.00 10.00 40.00 184.07

Cuba

Egypt 57.10 9.76 8.42

EuropeanUnion 29.16 55.19 320.34

Guatemala 60.00 60.00 120.00

India 3.20 14.75

Indonesia 23.65 - 91.60

Iran 25.90 25.36

Iraq

Ivory Coast 10.69

Japan 64.00 150.00

Malaysia 39.22 234.90

Mexico - 2.73 17.76 436.33

Morocco 4.24

Myanmar -

Nigeria - - 10.69

Other Africa 0.82 5.46 7.81 10.69

Other Asia 10.53

Other CIS 0.26 5.00
Other Eastern Europe 9.34 25.89

Other Latin America 25.50 39.65 31.24 184.07

Other Middle East 1.17 44.86 8.76

Pakistan 3.87 0.98

Paraguay 30.00 30.00 60.00

Peru

Philippines 2.30 116.50

Rest of World 49.82 107.16 97.38

Russia 13.58

Russia and Ukraine 13.58

South Africa 7.63 -

South Korea 70.00

Taiwan

Thailand 34.82 358.36 79.76

Tunisia

Turkey - 12.44 8.04

Ukraine

United States 13.05 44.14 17.76 436.33 -

Uruguay - 10.00

Uzbekistan 1.20

Venezuela 30.00 60.00 100.00

Vietnam 26.18 -

Western Africa 18.58 17.68 10.69

Pesticide application rates (kg/ha)

Country Fungicides & Bactericides Herbicides Insecticides

Algeria 0.04 0.01 0.05

Argentina 0.05 0.32 0.07

Australia 0.20 0.04 0.02

Bangladesh 0.08 0.01 0.16

Brazil 0.03 0.12 0.07

Canada 0.04 0.34 0.05

China 0.76 0.99 1.26

CIS 0.04 0.07 0.05

Colombia 0.43 0.36 0.16

Cuba

Egypt 0.75 0.15 1.07

EU 0.94 0.72 0.22

Guatemala 0.20 0.07 0.07

India 0.05 0.04 0.18

Indonesia 0.01 0.02 0.01

Iran 0.06 0.03 0.03

Iraq 0.01 0.03 0.03

Ivory Coast 0.00 0.00 0.00

Japan

Malaysia 0.16 0.90 0.21
Mexico

Morocco 0.16 0.03 0.12

Myanmar 0.00 0.00 0.02

Nigeria

Other Africa 0.02 0.01 0.02

Other Asia 0.04 0.07 0.03

Other CIS 0.04 0.07 0.05

Other Eastern Europe 0.27 0.59 0.09

Other Latin America 0.19 0.25 0.19

Other Middle East 0.01 0.01 0.01

Pakistan 0.01 0.03 0.35

Paraguay 0.02 0.26 0.20

Peru 0.07 0.05 0.07

Philippines

Rest of World 0.11 0.18 0.04

Russia 0.06 0.06 0.01

Russia and Ukraine 0.06 0.06 0.01

South Africa 0.07 0.09 0.05

South Korea 3.88 2.85 4.49

Taiwan

Thailand 0.18 0.54 0.33

Tunisia 0.06 0.02 0.02

Turkey 0.17 0.16 0.36

Ukraine 0.40 0.86 0.34

United States 0.34 0.39 0.11

Uruguay 0.06 0.14 0.01

Uzbekistan

Venezuela 0.07 0.03 0.03

Vietnam 0.69 0.61 1.54

Western Africa 0.00 0.00 0.01

Land use, 2022 (000s ha)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria 0.01 - - - (0.00)

Argentina 0.06 (0.49) (0.00) - (0.02)

Australia 0.29 0.00 2.18 - (0.00)

Bangladesh 0.00 (0.01) 0.01 - (0.00)

Brazil - (0.32) 1.88 - -

Canada (0.59) (0.30) - - -

China 0.03 (9.31) 1.78 0.17 0.83

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0.00 0.02 0.32 0.59 (0.00)

Cuba - 0.00 - - (0.00)

Egypt - 0.07 0.69 - (0.01)

EuropeanUnion (3.46) (2.46) - - -

Guatemala 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.11 (0.00)
India 0.01 0.77 9.82 - 0.27

Indonesia - 0.26 - 63.45 (0.10)

Iran 0.03 0.01 - - (0.00)

Iraq 0.04 0.00 0.01 - (0.00)

Ivory Coast - 0.02 0.49 0.72 (0.01)

Japan 0.01 - - - (0.00)

Malaysia - 0.00 - 40.76 (0.00)

Mexico 0.07 (0.03) 0.03 0.08 0.02

Morocco 0.03 0.01 0.00 - (0.00)

Myanmar - (0.01) 0.07 - (0.10)

Nigeria - 0.18 0.69 11.20 (0.32)

Other Africa 0.15 1.32 7.10 3.34 (0.85)

Other Asia 0.13 (0.05) 0.04 - (0.00)

Other CIS 0.07 (0.00) 6.76 - (0.00)

Other Eastern Europe 0.03 (0.01) - - -

Other Latin America 0.02 0.07 0.52 1.00 (0.01)

Other Middle East 0.06 0.00 0.09 - (0.00)

Pakistan 0.03 0.05 0.40 - (0.01)

Paraguay - - - 0.05 (0.01)

Peru 0.02 0.02 0.52 0.04 (0.00)

Philippines - 0.17 0.00 0.12 (0.00)

Rest of World 0.00 0.18 - 0.44 (0.10)

Russia (0.56) 0.02 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa 0.02 0.23 0.02 - (0.01)

South Korea - - - - (0.00)

Taiwan - 0.00 - - -

Thailand 0.00 0.05 - 1.55 (0.01)

Tunisia 0.01 - 0.00 - -

Turkey 0.13 0.02 0.53 - (0.00)

Ukraine 0.01 0.03 - - -

United States (0.15) 3.50 3.09 - 0.76

Uruguay 0.02 0.00 - - (0.00)

Uzbekistan 0.00 (0.00) 1.00 - (0.00)

Venezuela - 0.02 0.08 0.09 (0.00)

Vietnam - 0.07 - - (0.04)

Western Africa - 0.03 1.01 0.08 (0.02)

Total (3) (6) 39 124 0

Crop Production (000s Mt)

Barley Corn Cotton Palm Peanut

Algeria 0.01 0.00 - - (0.00)

Argentina 0.26 (3.86) 0.02 - (0.07)

Australia 0.53 0.03 4.72 - (0.00)

Bangladesh 0.00 0.00 0.00 - (0.01)

Brazil 0.14 25.29 10.20 - -

Canada (2.11) (2.83) - - -
China 0.15 (57.63) 3.35 0.32 3.03

CIS - - - - -

Colombia 0.00 0.08 0.20 1.11 (0.00)

Cuba - 0.02 - - (0.00)

Egypt - 0.70 0.51 - (0.01)

EU (15.67) (15.35) - - -

Guatemala 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.21 (0.00)

India 0.05 2.67 12.99 0.58 0.31

Indonesia - 0.43 - 320.92 (0.11)

Iran 0.13 0.04 - - (0.00)

Iraq 0.07 0.04 0.01 - (0.00)

Ivory Coast - 0.06 0.17 1.37 (0.01)

Japan 0.05 0.00 - - (0.00)

Malaysia - (0.00) - 203.70 (0.00)

Mexico 0.22 0.35 0.05 0.16 0.03

Morocco 0.15 0.04 0.00 - (0.00)

Myanmar - 0.00 0.02 - (0.11)

Nigeria - 0.72 0.24 21.27 (0.37)

Other Africa 0.17 3.14 3.84 6.35 (0.98)

Other Asia 0.26 0.00 0.01 - (0.00)

Other CIS 0.13 0.04 3.49 - (0.00)

Other Eastern Europe 0.10 0.02 - - -

Other Latin America 0.04 0.32 0.32 1.90 (0.01)

Other Middle East 0.09 0.03 0.09 - (0.00)

Pakistan 0.06 0.37 1.15 - (0.02)

Paraguay - - - 0.09 (0.01)

Peru 0.04 0.07 0.32 0.09 (0.00)

Philippines - 0.91 0.00 0.22 (0.00)

Rest of World 0.01 0.71 - 0.84 (0.12)

Russia (1.21) 0.51 - - -

Russia and Ukraine - - - - -

South Africa 0.06 1.31 0.01 - (0.01)

South Korea - 0.00 - - (0.00)

Taiwan - 0.02 - - -

Thailand 0.00 0.30 - 2.94 (0.01)

Tunisia 0.04 - 0.00 - -

Turkey 0.20 0.13 0.86 - (0.00)

Ukraine 0.03 0.47 - - -

United States (0.55) 45.29 3.47 - 2.92

Uruguay 0.04 0.01 - - (0.00)

Uzbekistan 0.00 0.00 1.17 - (0.00)

Venezuela - 0.11 0.05 0.18 (0.00)

Vietnam - 0.54 - - (0.04)

Western Africa - 0.13 0.73 0.16 (0.02)

Total (17) 5 48 562 4
s additional information on agricultural input GHG estimates, including models, data and assumptions used

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 12 0 (0) - - - 0 97 111

 7 9 (65) (2,862) - (57) 2,881 (2,760) (4,275)

 1,463 50 (20) - - 148 14 (1,360) 3,224

 170 759 - - - 28 - 19 990

 - (514) - 14,408 - (2,447) - - 25,814

 23,132 - - 38 (381) - 65 (15,076) 5,298

 48,548 (1,258) - 724 (136) (264) 1,044 (36,638) (16,854)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 44 - 1 - 104 - 1 2,502

 - 18 - - - 118 - - 138

 - - - - (13) 67 103 293 4,009

 28,595 29 (15) (16) (5,405) - 15,923 (24,586) (5,808)

 - 1 - 0 - 114 - 2 393

 5,696 (1,459) (200) (980) - (606) 1,551 10,191 40,441

 - 1,008 - 10 - (53) - - 104,794

 - 70 - 2 31 26 54 728 985

 - 8 - 0 1 1 12 156 198

 - 21 - 0 - 4 - - 113

 11 267 - 25 13 2 - 67 416

 - - - - - 3 - - 88,025

 5 (22) (505) 2 - (19) 0 294 997

 1 1 (3) 0 34 2 126 217 412

 - - - 1 - 25 445 3 435

 - 11 (208) 8 - 11 - 1 742

 25 207 (790) 2 0 146 227 248 7,743

 - 212 - 4 1 15 9 79 305

 62 2 - (4) 64 - 209 211 4,802

 58 0 (0) 1 14 - 74 103 277

 63 110 - 14 8 138 667 168 5,550

 - - (16) 0 10 - 18 291 479

 322 650 (5) 0 1 89 266 2,693 6,027

 44 - - 195 - 15 284 - 597

 - 5 - 0 - 42 - 11 193

 - 464 (0) 0 - 55 - - 1,064

 39 231 (4) 4 31 56 888 113 2,606

 83 12 (4) (24) (52) - 1,512 1,351 2,763

 - - - - - - - - -
 27 - (10) 2 - 59 472 59 1,211

 1 244 - 5 - - - - 249

 - (8) - - - - - - (5)

 - 167 (5) 2 - (37) 26 0 2,565

 3 - (0) - - - 8 94 112

 8 40 - 1 81 - 2,722 - 4,878

 168 0 (8) 6 (49) - 1,643 122 1,947

 8,915 (601) (2,739) 305 (3,859) (38) 9,859 (1,839) 31,179

 9 83 - 6 - 1 134 50 317

 0 1 - - 1 - 4 17 4,823

 - 28 - 1 0 43 44 0 495

 - 22 - 7 - 64 - - 328

 - 2 (66) 0 - 0 - - 1,604

 117,467 915 (4,664) 11,889 (9,606) (2,143) 41,284 (64,580) 335,206

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 3 - (300) - (6) 489 (1,347) (1,881)

 - - - - - 25 - (566) 302

 - 385 - - - 2 - 7 406

 - (351) - 1,540 - (520) - - 6,228

 11,858 - - 7 (76) - - (7,786) 2,680

 28,071 (1,015) - 390 (52) (62) 556 (21,831) (11,854)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 28 - 0 - 13 - - 1,741

 - 12 - - - 24 - - 36

 - - - - (0) 17 66 168 2,730

 11,174 18 - (7) (337) - 7,059 (12,945) (6,875)

 - 1 - 0 - 10 - 1 205

 489 (942) (17) (543) - (68) - 5,797 20,599

 - 618 - 4 - (8) - - 75,129

 - 45 - 1 - 9 - 361 452

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - - - - - - 0

 7 126 - 13 1 1 - 35 201

 - - - - - 1 - - 63,999

 - (13) (292) - - (3) 0 128 671

 - 1 - - 5 - 73 104 186

 - - - - - 1 - - (4)

 - 2 (7) 1 - - - - 400

 - 97 (483) 0 - 6 - 70 4,291

 - 126 - - - 1 - - 80

 - - - (2) 3 - - 14 2,247

 35 - - 1 1 - 39 50 131

 41 70 - 3 1 17 424 104 3,823

 - - (0) - 0 - - 112 206
 - 423 - - - 23 - 1,549 3,156

 - - - 45 - 1 146 - 237

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 198 - - - 3 - - 521

 22 133 - - 3 7 461 63 1,581

 - 7 - (9) (9) - - 298 306

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - 0 - 11 159 23 510

 - 141 - - - - - - 141

 - (0) - - - - - - (0)

 - 84 - 0 - (3) - - 1,840

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 25 - 0 - - 1,710 - 2,992

 - - - - - - - - -

 4,544 (319) (1,562) (24) (569) (10) 4,906 (1,447) 15,366

 - 42 - 2 - 0 77 24 164

 - - - - - - - - 3,300

 - 19 - 0 - 8 25 0 312

 - 13 - 4 - 11 - - 163

 - 2 (34) - - - - - 1,016

 56,240 (22) (2,395) 1,127 (1,029) (490) 16,193 (37,013) 197,734

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1 - (97) - (2) 159 (438) (611)

 - - - - - 8 - (184) 98

 - 125 - - - 1 - 2 132

 - (114) - 501 - (169) - - 2,024

 3,854 - - 2 (25) - - (2,530) 871

 9,123 (330) - 127 (17) (20) 181 (7,095) (3,852)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 9 - 0 - 4 - - 566

 - 4 - - - 8 - - 12

 - - - - (0) 6 22 54 887

 3,632 6 - (2) (110) - 2,294 (4,207) (2,234)

 - 0 - 0 - 3 - 0 67

 159 (306) (6) (176) - (22) - 1,884 6,695

 - 201 - 1 - (3) - - 24,417

 - 14 - 0 - 3 - 117 147

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - - - - - - 0

 2 41 - 4 0 0 - 12 65

 - - - - - 0 - - 20,800
 - (4) (95) - - (1) 0 42 218

 - 0 - - 2 - 24 34 60

 - - - - - 0 - - (1)

 - 1 (2) 0 - - - - 130

 - 32 (157) 0 - 2 - 23 1,394

 - 41 - - - 0 - - 26

 - - - (1) 1 - - 5 730

 11 - - 0 0 - 13 16 43

 13 23 - 1 0 5 138 34 1,243

 - - (0) - 0 - - 36 67

 - 138 - - - 7 - 503 1,026

 - - - 15 - 0 48 - 77

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 64 - - - 1 - - 169

 7 43 - - 1 2 150 21 514

 - 2 - (3) (3) - - 97 99

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - 0 - 4 52 7 166

 - 46 - - - - - - 46

 - (0) - - - - - - (0)

 - 27 - 0 - (1) - - 598

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 8 - 0 - - 556 - 972

 - - - - - - - - -

 1,477 (104) (508) (8) (185) (3) 1,594 (470) 4,994

 - 14 - 1 - 0 25 8 53

 - - - - - - - - 1,073

 - 6 - 0 - 3 8 0 101

 - 4 - 1 - 4 - - 53

 - 1 (11) - - - - - 330

 18,278 (7) (778) 366 (335) (159) 5,263 (12,029) 64,264

N)/kg N applied]

f/kg N addition)

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 10 0 (0) - - - 0 79 91

 6 4 (53) (2,012) - (39) 1,823 (796) (1,455)

 1,194 41 (16) - - 94 11 (497) 2,305

 139 203 - - - 21 - 8 369

 - (40) - 10,095 - (1,435) - - 14,336

 6,058 - - 24 (229) - 53 (3,886) 1,427

 9,269 71 - 170 (55) (148) 251 (6,295) (937)
 

- - - - - - - - -

 - 5 - 0 - 71 - 1 159

 - 2 - - - 70 - - 73

 - - - - (10) 36 12 58 319

 11,257 4 (12) (6) (4,047) - 5,363 (6,069) 2,695

 - 0 - 0 - 82 - 0 99

 4,121 (172) (145) (213) - (422) 1,266 2,049 10,732

 - 154 - 4 - (34) - - 4,284

 - 9 - 1 26 11 44 204 316

 - 6 - 0 0 1 10 128 161

 - 17 - 0 - 4 - - 92

 1 82 - 6 9 1 - 16 123

 - - - - - 2 - - 2,634

 4 (4) (96) 2 - (12) 0 101 89

 1 0 (2) 0 22 2 24 65 135

 - - - 1 - 19 364 2 359

 - 6 (163) 6 - 9 - 1 173

 20 64 (123) 1 0 113 185 127 1,680

 - 37 - 3 1 11 8 64 162

 50 2 - (1) 49 - 171 157 1,489

 10 0 (0) 0 10 - 18 30 84

 7 14 - 9 6 95 85 24 395

 - - (13) 0 8 - 15 117 168

 263 72 (4) 0 1 48 218 523 1,506

 36 - - 111 - 11 73 - 231

 - 4 - 0 - 34 - 9 157

 - 165 (0) 0 - 42 - - 305

 9 45 (4) 4 22 39 226 24 417

 67 2 (3) (9) (33) - 1,234 781 1,925

 - - - - - - - - -

 22 - (8) 2 - 37 213 24 437

 0 46 - 4 - - - - 51

 - (6) - - - - - - (4)

 - 46 (4) 1 - (27) 21 0 104

 3 - (0) - - - 7 77 91

 7 6 - 0 66 - 372 - 746

 137 0 (7) 5 (40) - 1,341 100 1,589

 2,362 (146) (546) 275 (2,535) (20) 2,742 64 8,831

 7 23 - 3 - 1 26 15 81

 0 1 - - 0 - 3 14 368

 - 3 - 0 0 26 8 0 67

 - 4 - 2 - 40 - - 91

 - 0 (17) 0 - 0 - - 210

 35,061 771 (1,216) 8,487 (6,728) (1,219) 16,186 (12,684) 59,762
Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 2 0 (0) - - - 0 18 20

 1 1 (12) (453) - (9) 410 (179) (327)

 269 9 (4) - - 21 3 (112) 519

 31 46 - - - 5 - 2 83

 - (9) - 2,271 - (323) - - 3,226

 1,363 - - 5 (52) - 12 (874) 321

 2,085 16 - 38 (12) (33) 56 (1,416) (211)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1 - 0 - 16 - 0 36

 - 0 - - - 16 - - 16

 - - - - (2) 8 3 13 72

 2,533 1 (3) (1) (911) - 1,207 (1,365) 606

 - 0 - 0 - 19 - 0 22

 927 (39) (33) (48) - (95) 285 461 2,415

 - 35 - 1 - (8) - - 964

 - 2 - 0 6 2 10 46 71

 - 1 - 0 0 0 2 29 36

 - 4 - 0 - 1 - - 21

 0 18 - 1 2 0 - 4 28

 - - - - - 0 - - 593

 1 (1) (22) 0 - (3) 0 23 20

 0 0 (1) 0 5 0 5 15 30

 - - - 0 - 4 82 1 81

 - 1 (37) 1 - 2 - 0 39

 5 14 (28) 0 0 25 42 29 378

 - 8 - 1 0 3 2 14 36

 11 0 - (0) 11 - 38 35 335

 2 0 (0) 0 2 - 4 7 19

 2 3 - 2 1 21 19 5 89

 - - (3) 0 2 - 3 26 38

 59 16 (1) 0 0 11 49 118 339

 8 - - 25 - 2 17 - 52

 - 1 - 0 - 8 - 2 35

 - 37 (0) 0 - 9 - - 69

 2 10 (1) 1 5 9 51 5 94

 15 0 (1) (2) (7) - 278 176 433

 - - - - - - - - -

 5 - (2) 0 - 8 48 5 98

 0 10 - 1 - - - - 11

 - (1) - - - - - - (1)

 - 10 (1) 0 - (6) 5 0 23

 1 - (0) - - - 2 17 20

 2 1 - 0 15 - 84 - 168
 31 0 (1) 1 (9) - 302 22 358

 532 (33) (123) 62 (570) (4) 617 14 1,987

 2 5 - 1 - 0 6 3 18

 0 0 - - 0 - 1 3 83

 - 1 - 0 0 6 2 0 15

 - 1 - 0 - 9 - - 20

 - 0 (4) 0 - 0 - - 47

 7,889 173 (274) 1,909 (1,514) (274) 3,642 (2,854) 13,446

f/kg N addition)

 Root crops, otherd Rice Sorghum Soybeanf Root crops, otherd Perennial grasses Rootcrops, otherd Wheat

 0.94 0.89 0.89 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.94 0.89

 1.07 0.95 0.88 0.93 1.07 0.30 1.07 1.51

 1.54 2.46 1.33 1.35 1.54 - 1.54 0.52

 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01

 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.24

 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.20 - (19.08) - (0.40) 31.12 (85.70) (119.71)

 - - - - - 1.59 - (36.04) 19.19

 - 24.48 - - - 0.12 - 0.47 25.84

 - (22.34) - 98.03 - (33.09) - - 396.32

 754.57 - - 0.41 (4.86) - - (495.46) 170.51

 1,786.32 (64.57) - 24.79 (3.30) (3.94) 35.38 (1,389.26) (754.31)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1.81 - 0.01 - 0.80 - - 110.80

 - 0.78 - - - 1.54 - - 2.31

 - - - - (0.02) 1.09 4.23 10.66 173.73

 711.07 1.15 - (0.44) (21.47) - 449.22 (823.78) (437.51)

 - 0.04 - 0.01 - 0.65 - 0.06 13.04

 31.10 (59.97) (1.08) (34.52) - (4.31) - 368.89 1,310.85

 - 39.34 - 0.23 - (0.52) - - 4,780.93

 - 2.83 - 0.06 - 0.60 - 22.98 28.74

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - - - - - - 0.02

 0.47 7.99 - 0.85 0.08 0.04 - 2.26 12.77

 - - - - - 0.03 - - 4,072.63

 - (0.82) (18.59) - - (0.17) 0.00 8.15 42.68

 - 0.04 - - 0.30 - 4.62 6.62 11.83
 - - - - - 0.08 - - (0.24)

 - 0.15 (0.42) 0.05 - - - - 25.46

 - 6.20 (30.74) 0.03 - 0.36 - 4.43 273.04

 - 8.01 - - - 0.08 - - 5.10

 - - - (0.11) 0.17 - - 0.91 142.99

 2.20 - - 0.04 0.06 - 2.51 3.20 8.35

 2.62 4.47 - 0.18 0.07 1.06 27.01 6.64 243.29

 - - (0.00) - 0.03 - - 7.13 13.12

 - 26.94 - - - 1.45 - 98.58 200.82

 - - - 2.85 - 0.07 9.30 - 15.10

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 12.61 - - - 0.17 - - 33.16

 1.38 8.44 - - 0.22 0.44 29.35 4.03 100.60

 - 0.47 - (0.58) (0.59) - - 18.96 19.45

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - 0.01 - 0.69 10.12 1.45 32.48

 - 8.97 - - - - - - 8.97

 - (0.00) - - - - - - (0.00)

 - 5.36 - 0.03 - (0.21) - - 117.10

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1.57 - 0.02 - - 108.84 - 190.38

 - - - - - - - - -

 289.17 (20.30) (99.41) (1.52) (36.20) (0.64) 312.20 (92.10) 977.85

 - 2.67 - 0.10 - 0.01 4.93 1.51 10.46

 - - - - - - - - 210.02

 - 1.18 - 0.02 - 0.51 1.60 0.01 19.83

 - 0.80 - 0.22 - 0.71 - - 10.40

 - 0.10 (2.18) - - - - - 64.68

 3,579 (1) (152) 72 (66) (31) 1,030 (2,355) 12,583

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 - - - - - - - 8.27 8.27

 - 0.12 - (79.78) - (0.02) 21.79 (47.69) (127.10)

 - - - - - 0.69 - (39.14) (11.57)

 - 4.41 - - - 0.05 - 0.15 4.81

 - (20.82) - 1,441.11 - (16.98) - - 1,667.85

 201.22 - - 1.22 (1.43) - - (142.47) 31.44

 857.43 (20.75) - 20.44 (1.91) (2.11) 13.27 (620.94) 150.77

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1.21 - 0.02 - 1.21 - - 37.55

 - 0.27 - - - 1.22 - - 1.49

 - - - - (0.00) 0.15 2.12 1.24 37.74

 303.68 0.41 - (0.37) (10.76) - 273.81 (185.43) 124.91

 - 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.52 - 0.04 7.09

 11.25 (19.83) (0.53) (34.28) - (3.17) - 139.39 577.43

 - 3.85 - 0.35 - (0.26) - - 1,830.50
 - 0.91 - 0.13 - 0.26 - 9.50 11.71

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - - - - - - 0.02

 0.86 9.43 - 2.83 0.15 0.02 - 1.79 16.09

 - - - - - 0.02 - - 1,455.38

 - (0.27) (6.97) 0.25 - (0.06) 0.00 1.03 33.38

 - 0.02 - - 0.21 - 4.62 4.27 9.37

 - - - - - 0.03 - - (0.06)

 - 0.06 (0.12) 0.04 - - - - 0.56

 - 3.29 (16.38) 0.03 - 0.25 - 5.43 91.78

 - 1.60 - - - 0.03 - - 0.98

 - - - - 0.07 - - 0.61 71.68

 1.52 - - 0.07 0.03 - 0.88 0.44 3.15

 2.81 1.93 - 0.33 0.03 0.50 21.61 3.99 88.52

 - - (0.00) - 0.03 - - 7.18 12.23

 - 7.43 - - - 0.49 - 26.42 53.27

 - - - 8.54 - 0.05 13.95 - 24.46

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 2.07 - - - 0.11 - - 7.56

 1.03 4.22 - - 0.11 0.18 33.64 1.41 68.29

 - 0.19 - (0.65) (0.39) - - 7.55 7.08

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - 0.05 - 0.36 14.17 0.88 23.80

 - 5.71 - - - - - - 5.71

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 1.42 - 0.08 - (0.13) - - 72.78

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.63 - 0.02 - - 44.29 - 76.66

 - - - - - - - - -

 98.13 (7.07) (37.28) (4.16) (12.37) (0.21) 100.13 (19.13) 318.81

 - 2.67 - 0.61 - 0.01 4.93 2.02 11.69

 - - - - - - - - 45.00

 - 0.47 - 0.04 - 0.34 1.60 0.00 12.26

 - 0.46 - 0.25 - 0.24 - - 3.90

 - 0.05 (1.64) - - - - - 26.07

 1,478 (16) (63) 1,357 (26) (16) 551 (833) 6,893

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.08 - (0.35) - - - (0.28) (0.73)

 - - - - - 1.01 - (3.93) 5.97

 - 2.96 - - - 0.05 - 0.10 3.55

 - (21.40) - 1,326.41 - (45.10) - - 1,518.31

 150.91 - - 1.24 (0.47) - - (26.79) 96.51

 714.53 (19.50) - 3.30 (1.53) (2.71) 22.11 (81.46) 639.95

 - - - - - - - - -
 - 1.06 - 0.03 - 0.80 - - 122.69

 - 0.19 - - - 2.13 - - 2.32

 - - - - (0.05) - 2.25 0.35 9.04

 331.49 0.81 - (0.44) (20.59) - 414.11 (137.98) 350.76

 - 0.03 - 0.01 - 0.33 - 0.04 15.72

 1.31 (11.94) (0.15) (6.08) - (3.13) - 24.74 152.04

 - 4.08 - 0.12 - (0.79) - - 5,821.64

 - 0.26 - 0.03 - 0.08 - 2.70 3.33

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - - - - - - 7.72

 0.43 7.38 - 2.83 0.08 0.01 - 1.43 13.04

 - - - - - 0.03 - - 9,575.47

 - (0.27) - 0.17 - (0.15) - 0.41 37.52

 - - - - 0.13 - 7.70 0.86 8.74

 - - - - - 0.02 - - 0.02

 - - - - - - - - 119.72

 - 0.78 (2.12) 0.02 - 0.21 - 0.39 97.79

 - 1.36 - - - - - - 0.80

 - - - - 0.20 - - 0.28 34.30

 1.86 - - 0.09 0.04 - 0.93 0.33 3.37

 0.56 1.74 - 0.22 0.09 0.59 10.80 0.88 218.36

 - - - - 0.03 - - 0.23 1.30

 - 0.42 - - - 0.03 - 1.09 2.12

 - - - 8.54 - 0.05 18.60 - 30.07

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.69 - - - 0.27 - - 14.82

 - 9.85 - - 0.31 0.36 41.52 1.72 115.91

 - - - (0.26) (0.39) - - 3.11 2.71

 - - - - - - - - -

 - - - 0.01 - 0.82 1.35 0.22 4.12

 - 6.52 - - - - - - 6.52

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.30 - - - (0.18) - - 125.32

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.06 - - - - 5.54 - 10.04

 - - - - - - - - -

 92.71 (11.12) - (3.66) (10.54) (0.56) 113.24 (9.60) 377.79

 - 0.67 - 0.30 - 0.01 3.28 0.50 4.79

 - - - - - - - - 1.20

 - 0.32 - 0.06 - 0.34 1.07 0.00 17.04

 - 0.29 - 0.17 - 0.53 - - 2.75

 - 0.04 (0.55) - - - - - 18.81

 1,294 (24) (3) 1,333 (33) (45) 643 (221) 19,593

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat

 -

 29.97 3.54 86.96 10.00 54.29

 167.66 21.66

 106.61 49.59 31.89

 52.71 4.55 85.44 43.65

 75.00 8.01 427.27 63.60

 125.00 190.61 90.00 50.06 824.20 211.41 80.00 181.22

 7.70 50.38 9.21

 120.00 100.00 20.00 100.00

 151.00 63.00

 168.76 83.44 32.57 344.82 107.10 248.15

 62.12 113.80 27.61 125.15 - 48.66 126.02

 80.00 100.00 20.00 100.00 120.00

 2.35 97.31 0.85 16.50 75.71 109.41

 93.01 18.28 123.58

 127.72 20.86 - 570.00 75.55

 118.00 78.00 30.00 176.00 226.00 117.00

 131.03 166.67

 84.85 80.00 - 100.70 75.00 88.94

 210.53 241.21 60.00 24.30

 35.00 35.00

 4.80 1.40 2.60

 31.28 39.13 6.60 28.26 26.61

 70.56 60.00

 7.70 50.38 9.21

 79.30 30.10 78.16 44.51 73.96

 140.00 104.12 60.38 6.38 169.55 97.93 100.00 165.89

 0.05 56.07 0.18 46.64

 101.06 209.68 122.52

 50.00 40.00 10.00 60.00 40.00 40.00

 49.81 - 27.09

 60.00 60.00 143.00 100.00 41.00 129.83

 79.82 5.92 105.64 19.25

 79.82 5.92 105.64 19.25

 2.36 126.19 15.00 47.24

 110.00

 0.10 0.20

 27.46 7.50 48.59
 129.64 97.13 92.40 69.19

 68.56 99.33 80.00 11.87 276.21 50.35 61.83 92.85

 80.00 60.00 10.00 150.00 60.00 60.00

 150.00 100.00 20.00 150.00 60.00 80.00

 105.74 42.59 155.47

 96.56 20.00

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat

 46.00

 17.98 14.79 3.48 7.00 30.21

 73.05 23.53

 19.19 23.14 10.25

 49.13 66.93 43.84 41.89

 20.00 23.60 126.04 18.29

 60.00 61.24 30.00 41.28 477.55 113.07 30.00 81.00

 - 19.19 6.15

 80.00 80.00 30.00 150.00

 53.00 50.00

 30.62 - 6.20 47.18 53.60 28.85

 26.53 40.92 22.81 62.72 - 29.66 28.37

 40.00 60.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

 0.85 32.18 0.41 16.38 55.71 41.34

 9.11 27.89 62.41

 41.25 41.72 - 250.80 31.23

 216.00 92.00 100.00 324.00 91.00 93.00

 69.73 83.33

 28.28 30.00 51.37 32.84 10.00 11.21

 105.26 170.85 60.00 15.67

 12.00 15.00

 1.90 0.40 2.10

 16.59 20.86 7.90 19.23 32.59

 14.05 20.00

 - 19.19 6.15

 54.90 45.20 39.52 15.53 10.12

 150.00 45.04 51.99 12.04 84.77 46.20 80.00 99.62

 0.02 64.49 - 46.95

 27.86 71.79 32.83

 40.00 30.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 50.00

 8.18 - 18.06
 45.00 30.00 75.00 40.00 47.00 45.45

 31.93 6.58 69.05 7.67

 31.93 6.58 69.05 7.67

 9.44 65.48 21.00 28.63

 70.00

 - -

 7.30 22.51 30.88

 51.86 97.13 37.60 28.17

 23.26 34.60 30.00 32.60 94.38 16.42 19.83 19.29

 80.00 60.00 60.00 80.00 60.00 80.00

 60.00 40.00 40.00 100.00 60.00 40.00

 60.99 47.91 53.55

 49.79 15.00

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat

 -

 11.99 0.06 - - 0.18

 106.59 2.36

 12.90 19.84 6.83

 50.50 61.60 116.47 40.14

 15.00 24.02 40.92 3.44

 50.00 57.55 - 6.67 381.13 145.24 50.00 10.63

 - 58.15 2.85

 70.00 50.00 40.00 100.00

 37.00 87.00

 - - 82.16 - 57.10 8.24

 28.96 80.56 27.61 119.97 - 44.85 21.11

 70.00 40.00 40.00 50.00 80.00

 0.10 19.38 0.12 2.90 54.94 7.34

 9.65 9.62 186.00

 11.90 10.43 - 76.00 8.88

 107.00 72.00 100.00 160.00 61.00 74.00

 78.93 166.67

 28.28 - 34.25 89.03 - 4.48

 - 100.50 100.00 3.17

 4.00 10.00

 - - -

 3.95 2.70 4.00 16.38 2.34

 11.95 -

 - 58.15 2.85
 67.10 60.20 49.90 16.54 7.54

 30.00 40.57 31.01 7.90 233.12 54.90 40.00 22.06

 - 50.52 - 1.51

 1.57 4.65 1.35

 40.00 30.00 30.00 40.00 80.00 30.00

 2.73 - 43.86

 - 70.00 204.00 81.00 58.00 55.44

 - 2.63 69.57 3.16

 - 2.63 69.57 3.16

 2.36 148.81 2.00 7.16

 80.00

 - 0.10

 1.54 - 42.52

 5.19 - 4.70 1.93

 21.98 54.42 - 28.63 80.45 44.51 22.43 9.68

 20.00 10.00 30.00 120.00 40.00 20.00

 40.00 40.00 60.00 100.00 40.00 20.00

 38.21 31.94 117.46

 41.78 5.00
Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 0.03 0.00 (0.00) - - - 0.00 0.18 0.22

 0.02 0.01 (0.09) (5.40) - (0.00) 3.11 (1.58) (4.38)

 3.10 0.05 (0.05) - - 0.01 0.04 (1.66) 3.96

 0.37 0.23 - - - 0.00 - 0.01 0.62

 - (0.42) - 21.53 - (0.39) - - 22.28

 10.06 - - 0.05 (0.01) - 0.17 (7.79) 1.59

 14.29 (0.34) - 0.50 (0.00) (0.02) 0.44 (7.67) 0.70

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.02 - 0.00 - 0.01 - 0.00 0.95

 - 0.01 - - - 0.02 - - 0.03

 - - - - (0.00) 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.83

 11.45 0.01 (0.08) (0.02) (0.17) - 9.23 (6.54) 7.97

 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.01 - 0.00 0.15
 13.24 (0.62) (1.28) (2.09) - (0.06) 4.01 3.37 27.44

 - 0.42 - 0.01 - (0.00) - - 64.05

 - 0.02 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.30 0.51

 - 0.03 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.17 0.29

 - 0.13 - 0.00 - 0.00 - - 1.36

 0.00 0.10 - 0.03 0.00 0.00 - 0.02 0.17

 - - - - - 0.00 - - 40.77

 0.01 (0.01) (0.23) 0.00 - (0.00) 0.00 0.09 0.04

 0.00 0.00 (0.02) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.27 0.38

 - - - 0.00 - 0.00 1.15 0.00 1.13

 - 0.03 (0.30) 0.02 - 0.00 - 0.00 11.51

 0.05 0.20 (0.79) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.59 0.17 11.31

 - 0.11 - 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.12 0.39

 0.12 0.01 - (0.01) 0.00 - 0.44 0.10 7.48

 0.03 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 0.00 - 0.06 0.04 0.15

 0.02 0.04 - 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.27 0.04 2.01

 - - (0.08) 0.00 0.00 - 0.05 0.15 0.26

 0.71 0.27 (0.09) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.69 0.80 2.85

 0.10 - - 0.28 - 0.00 0.23 - 0.66

 - 0.01 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.01 0.63

 - 0.25 (0.00) 0.00 - 0.01 - - 0.54

 0.02 0.14 (0.02) 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.03 1.42

 0.16 0.01 (0.02) (0.10) (0.01) - 3.15 0.99 3.64

 - - - - - - - - -

 0.06 - (0.03) 0.01 - 0.01 0.67 0.03 1.01

 0.00 0.08 - 0.02 - - - - 0.10

 - (0.01) - - - - - - (0.01)

 - 0.20 (0.03) 0.00 - (0.00) 0.07 0.00 1.82

 0.01 - (0.00) - - - 0.02 0.21 0.25

 0.02 0.01 - 0.00 0.00 - 1.18 - 1.88

 0.22 0.00 (0.04) 0.02 (0.00) - 2.79 0.10 3.11

 4.22 (0.20) (1.24) (0.13) (0.13) (0.01) 5.05 (0.99) 13.75

 0.02 0.03 - 0.01 - 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.19

 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - 0.01 0.01 1.02

 - 0.01 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.24

 - 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.00 - - 0.05

 - 0.00 (0.11) 0.00 - 0.00 - - 1.00

 58 1 (4) 15 (0) (0) 35 (19)

Rapeseed Rice Sorghum Soybean Sugarbeet Sugarcane Sunflower Wheat Total

 0.03 0.00 (0.00) - - - 0.00 0.46 0.51

 0.02 0.04 (0.51) (15.88) - (0.38) 6.13 (4.62) (18.85)

 4.01 0.37 (0.16) - - 0.90 0.04 (2.89) 7.55

 0.47 1.81 - - - 0.20 - 0.04 2.52

 - (0.35) - 79.70 - (13.75) - 0.23 101.45

 20.37 - - 0.19 (0.77) - 0.18 (22.55) (7.53)
 31.17 0.63 

- 1.34 (0.19) (1.42) 0.84 (36.53) (54.92)

 - - - - - - - - -

 - 0.04 - 0.00 - 0.68 - 0.01 2.12

 - 0.01 - - - 0.67 - - 0.70

 - - - - (0.03) 0.35 0.04 0.34 1.89

 37.87 0.04 (0.12) (0.05) (13.62) - 18.03 (35.21) (24.08)

 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.79 - 0.00 1.12

 13.85 (1.53) (1.41) (1.68) - (4.04) 4.25 11.89 37.94

 - 1.37 - 0.03 - (0.33) - - 322.32

 - 0.08 - 0.01 0.09 0.11 0.15 1.18 1.77

 - 0.06 - 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.74 0.96

 - 0.15 - 0.00 - 0.03 - - 1.77

 0.00 0.73 - 0.05 0.03 0.01 - 0.09 0.97

 - - - - - 0.02 - - 203.71

 0.01 (0.04) (0.94) 0.01 - (0.12) 0.00 0.59 0.33

 0.00 0.00 (0.02) 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.37 0.71

 - - - 0.01 - 0.18 1.22 0.01 1.34

 - 0.05 (1.59) 0.04 - 0.08 - 0.01 20.46

 0.07 0.57 (1.20) 0.01 0.00 1.08 0.62 0.74 14.42

 - 0.33 - 0.02 0.00 0.11 0.03 0.37 1.13

 0.17 0.02 - (0.01) 0.17 - 0.57 0.91 5.48

 0.03 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 0.03 - 0.06 0.17 0.42

 0.02 0.12 - 0.07 0.02 0.91 0.29 0.14 4.13

 - - (0.13) 0.00 0.03 - 0.05 0.68 0.83

 0.88 0.64 (0.04) 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.73 3.03 7.29

 0.12 - - 0.87 - 0.11 0.25 - 1.43

 - 0.04 - 0.00 - 0.33 - 0.05 0.93

 - 1.47 (0.00) 0.00 - 0.40 - - 2.99

 0.03 0.40 (0.04) 0.03 0.07 0.37 0.76 0.14 3.21

 0.23 0.02 (0.03) (0.07) (0.11) - 4.15 4.53 8.00

 - - - - - - - - -

 0.07 - (0.08) 0.01 - 0.35 0.72 0.14 2.59

 0.00 0.41 - 0.03 - - - 0.00 0.45

 - (0.06) - - - - - - (0.03)

 - 0.41 (0.04) 0.01 - (0.26) 0.07 0.00 3.42

 0.01 - (0.00) - - - 0.02 0.45 0.51

 0.02 0.05 - 0.00 0.22 - 1.25 - 2.74

 0.46 0.00 (0.06) 0.04 (0.14) - 4.51 0.58 5.88

 7.94 (1.30) (5.33) 2.17 (8.53) (0.19) 9.22 0.37 55.49

 0.02 0.20 - 0.03 - 0.01 0.09 0.09 0.48

 0.00 0.01 - - 0.00 - 0.01 0.08 1.28

 - 0.02 - 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.00 0.64

 - 0.04 - 0.01 - 0.38 - - 0.93

 - 0.00 (0.17) 0.00 - 0.00 - - 0.83

 118 7 (12) 67 (23) (12) 54 (73)
Palm Oil NPK Assumptions

Palm Oil Harevested Area Change N P

000s ha kg/ha kg/ha

Algeria -

Argentina -

Australia -

Bangladesh -

Brazil - 95 60.34

Canada -

China 0.17 129 43.01

CIS -

Colombia 0.59 140 42

Cuba -

Egypt -

EuropeanUnion -

Guatemala 0.11 80 40.00

India -

Indonesia 63.45 74.30 28.70

Iran -

Iraq -

Ivory Coast 0.72 0.03 0.03

Japan -

Malaysia 40.76 99.90 35.70

Mexico 0.08 589 436.33

Morocco -

Myanmar -

Nigeria 11.20 0.03 0.03

Other Africa 3.34 0.03 0.03

Other Asia -

Other CIS -

Other Eastern Europe -

Other Latin America 1.00 140 41.61

Other Middle East -

Pakistan -

Paraguay 0.05 60 40.00

Peru 0.04

Philippines 0.12 117 38.83

Rest of World 0.44 70 21

Russia -

Russia and Ukraine -

South Africa -

South Korea -

Taiwan -

Thailand 1.55 70 45.40

Tunisia -

Turkey -

Ukraine -
United States 

- 589 436.33

Uruguay -

Uzbekistan-

Venezuela 0.09 60 40.00

Vietnam -

Western Africa 0.08 0.03 0.03

Total 123.80
















K

kg/ha

 129.31

 129.03

 184 Equals Other Latin America

 120.00

 91.60

 10.69 Equals Western Africa

 234.90

 436.33

 10.69 Equals Western Africa

 10.69 Equals Western Africa

 184.07

 60.00

 116.50

 97 Average Other Latin America and Western Africa

 79.76
 436.33

 100.00

 10.69
Item Value Units

Livestock Changes (17,968) tCO2e
Notes

The public docket includes additional information on livestock GHG estimates, including models, data and assumptions used
ls, data and assumptions used
Item Value Units

FFB & EFB Transport Emissions 29,647 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) from Field to Palm Oil Mill

Cargo 5.00 tFFB/tCPO

Transport Mode Medium Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of FFB 100%

Distance (round trip) 34 mi

Energy Intensity 1,616 Btu / tonne-mile

FFB Transport Emissions 26,649 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) from Palm Oil Mill to Field

Cargo 1.13 tEFB/tCPO

Transport Mode Medium Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of EFB 50%

Distance (round trip) 34 mi

Energy Intensity 1,616 Btu / tonne-mile

EFB Transport Emissions 2,998 gCO2e/tCPO
Notes

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul
Item Value Units

Palm Oil Mill 864,160 gCO2e/tCPO

Malaysia Palm Oil Mills (MPOB Mill Survey, November 2010)

% of mills # of mills

Numbers of palm oil mills 422

Mills w/o biogas capture 83% 350

Mills w/ biogas capture 17% 72

Mills w/ operational biogas capture 9% 38

Mills w/ biogas capture under construction 8% 34

Of mills with biogas capture

Covered lagoon digesters 37% 27

Closed tank digesters 63% 45

Flaring only 40% 29

Electricity generation only 34% 24

CHP 21% 15

Steam only 5% 4

Mills w/ POME CH4 avoidance 0% -

Indonesia Palm Oil Mills (Information from Indonesian Embassy, 2011)

% of mills # of mills

Number of palm oil mills 608

Mills w/o biogas capture 94.5% 575

Mills w/ biogas capture 5.5% 33

Mills w/ operational biogas capture 3.5% 21

Mills w/ biogas capture under construction 2.0% 12

Of mills with biogas capture

Covered lagoon digesters 100% 33

Electricity generation only 100% 33

Malaysia and Indonesia Palm Oil Mills 4.6%

% of mills # of mills

Numbers of palm oil mills 1,030

Mills w/o biogas capture 90% 925

Mills w/ biogas capture 10% 105

Of mills with biogas capture

Covered lagoon digesters 57% 60

Closed tank digesters 43% 45

Flaring only 27% 29

Electricity generation only 55% 58

CHP 14% 15

Steam only 3% 4

Mills w/ POME CH4 avoidance 0% -

Biogas Capture Projects Registered with the UNFCCC Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

% of mills # of mills

Malaysia 87% 33
Indonesia 66% 14

Operational projects registered w/ CDM 79% 47

Assumed characteristics of biogas capture projects

Digester Open lagoon Covered lagoon

Covered 

lagoon

Biogas utilization Flaring Steam

Flare type Enclosed

% of mills 90% 2% 0.2%

% of mills w/ methane capture 16% 1.9%

POME Methane Assumptions

POME yield (tPOME/tFFB) 0.60 0.60 0.60

POME methane yield (m^3 CH4 / tPOME) 18.22 18.22 18.22

Percent methane captured 0.0% 90.0% 90.0%

% captured methane used for electricity 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

% captured methane used for steam 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

Flare efficiency 0.0% 90.0% 0.0%

Electricity generator efficiency 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Inputs

Input FFB 5.00 5.00 5.00

Water 3.45 3.45 3.45

Diesel 1.18 1.18 1.18

Electricity from Grid - - -

Biomass for Steam 13,094,094 13,094,094 11,307,807

Outputs

CPO 1.00 2.00 3.00

EFB 1.13 1.13 1.13

Palm Kernels (PK) 0.27 0.27 0.27

POME 3.00 3.00 3.00

Emissions Factors

Diesel 97,006 97,006 97,006

Electricity 0.200 0.200 0.200

Biomass 3,491 3,491 3,491

Emissions

Diesel use 14,925 14,925 14,925

Electricity use 0 0 0

Biomass use 45,705 45,705 39,470

Sub-Total 60,630 60,630 54,395

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Gross POME CH4 54.62 54.62 54.62

% Captured 0% 89% 89%

% of captured methane flared 100% 100% 0%

Flare efficiency 0% 90% 0%

COD leakeage 1% 1% 1%

POME CH4 Vented 42,436 8,445 4,668

Electricty Production & Export

% of captured methane used for electricity 0% 0% 0%

POME methane energy content 47,296 47,296 47,296

Electricity generator thermal efficiency 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Capture CH4 heating value - 1,786,287 1,786,287

Electricity Generated - - -

Steam Production

% of captured methane used for steam 0% 0% 100%

Biogas used for steam - - 1,786,287

Emissions

POME CH4 Vented 891,159 177,341 98,028

Displaced electricity emissions - - -

Emissions from electricity generator Emissions from electricity generator - - -

Emissions from biogas for steam - - 650

Sub-Total 891,159 177,341 98,678

Emissions allowed by CERs 69,392
90%

10%

How many mills capture biogas?

Mills w/o biogas capture Mills w/ biogas capture

43%

How do mills capture biogas?

90%

10%

How many mills capture biogas?

Mills w/o biogas capture Mills w/ biogas capture

57%

43%

How do mills capture biogas?

Covered lagoon digesters Closed tank digesters

27%

55%

14%

3%

How do mills use captured biogas?

Flaring only Electricity generation only CHP Steam only
Covered lagoon

Covered 

lagoon Closed Tank Closed Tank Closed Tank Closed Tank

POME CH4 

avoidance

Electricity CHP Flaring Steam Electricity CHP NA

Enclosed NA

3% 1% 1% 0% 2% 1% 0%

31% 8% 12% 1% 24% 6% 0%

0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 -

18.22 18.22 18.22 18.22 18.22 18.22 -

90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%

100.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%

0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%

0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

34.0% 34.0% 0.0% 0.0% 34.0% 34.0%

 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.45

 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18

 - - - - - - -

13,094,094 11,307,807 13,094,094 11,307,807 13,094,094 11,307,807 13,094,094

 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00

 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13

 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27

 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

 97,006 97,006 97,006 97,006 97,006 97,006 97,006

 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200

 3,491 3,491 3,491 3,491 3,491 3,491 3,491

 14,925 14,925 14,925 14,925 14,925 14,925 14,925

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 45,705 39,470 45,705 39,470 45,705 39,470 45,705

 60,630 54,395 60,630 54,395 60,630 54,395 60,630
54.62 54.62 54.62 54.62 54.62 54.62 0.00

89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 0%

0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%

0% 0% 90% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

 4,668 4,668 8,445 4,668 4,668 4,668 -

100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0%

 47,296 47,296 47,296 47,296 47,296 47,296 47,296

34.00% 34.00% 0.00% 0.00% 34.00% 34.00% 0.00%

 1,786,287 1,786,287 1,786,287 1,786,287 1,786,287 1,786,287 -

 607,337 607,337 - - 607,337 607,337 -

0% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%

 - 1,786,287 - 1,786,287 - 1,786,287 -

 98,028 98,028 177,341 98,028 98,028 98,028 -

 (121,600) (121,600) - - (121,600) (121,600) -

 840 840 - - 840 840 -

 - 650 - 650 - 650 -

 (22,732) (22,082) 177,341 98,678 (22,732) (22,082) -

tFFb/tCPO

tH2O/tCPOMPOB (2010)

gal/tCPO For start-up & vehicles

Btu/tCPO

Btu/tCPO

tonnes

tEFB/tCPO

tPK/tCPO

tPOME/tCPO0.6 tPOME/tFFB From Unnasch

gCO2e/mmBtu

gCO2e/kWh

gCO2e/mmBtuiofuel: Used in Biofuel Plants (small industrial boiler) 

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO
m^3 CH4/tCPO

gCH4/tCPO

Btu / kgCH4, LHV

Btu electricity / Btu CH4

Btu/tCPO, LHV

Btu/tCPO

Btu CH4/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO

gCO2e/tCPO
Item Value Units

Palm Kernel Transport 4,165 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Palm Kernels (PK) from Palm Oil Mill to PK Mill

Cargo 0.27 tPK/tCPO

Transport Mode Medium Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of FFB 100%

Distance 100 mi

Energy Intensity 1,613 Btu/tonne-mi

PK Transport Emissions 4,165 gCO2e/tCPO

Palm Kernel Mill 28,209 gCO2e/tCPO

Inputs

Palm Kernels 0.27 tPK/tCPO

Grid Electricity 379,127 Btu/tPK

Grid Electricity 100,949 Btu/tCPO

Conventional Diesel 331,736 Btu/tPK

Conventional Diesel 88,330 Btu/tCPO

Emissions Factors

Grid Electricity Emissions Factor 0.195 gCO2e/Btu

Diesel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Emissions

Grid Electricity Emissions 19,641 gCO2e/tCPO

Conventional Diesel Emissions 8,569 gCO2e/tCPO
Notes

 Trucks operate with empty back-haul
Item Value Units

CPO Transport (Biodiesel) 10,969 gCO2e/tCPO

CPO Transport (Renewable Diesel) 34,891 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Crude Palm Oil (CPO) from Palm Oil Mill to Biodiesel Production Facility

Cargo 1.00 tCPO/tCPO

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of CPO 100%

Distance (round trip) 100 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

CPO Transport Emissions 10,969 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Crude Palm Oil (CPO) from Palm Oil Mill to Malaysia Port for Renewable Diesel

Cargo 1.00 tCPO/tCPO

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of CPO 100%

Distance 300 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

CPO Transport Emissions 32,908 gCO2e/tCPO

Transport Crude Palm Oil (CPO) from Malaysia Port to Renewable Diesel Production Facility in Singapore

Cargo 1.00 tCPO/tCPO

Transport Mode Ocean Tanker

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,947 gCO2e/mmBtu

Capacity 227,273 tonnes

Share of CPO 100%

Distance 575 mi

Energy Intensity 35 Btu/tonne-mi

CPO Transport Emissions 1,982 gCO2e/tCPO
Notes

Assuming biodiesel plant in same country as palm oil mill

Assuming renewable diesel plant in Singapore or similar location in SE Asia

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

This section was added to help mirror transport to port as done with biodiesel pathway (Not assumed in Neste (2010))

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

y in Singapore
ed in Neste (2010))
Item Value Units

Biodiesel Production (969) gCO2e/mmBtu

Inputs

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) 7.60 lbs CPO / gal biodiesel

Grid Electricity 361 Btu/gal biodiesel

Natural Gas 4,381 Btu/gal biodiesel

Coal - Btu/gal biodiesel

Biomass - Btu/gal biodiesel

Methanol 0.79 lb / gal biodiesel

Sodium methoxide 0.02 lb / gal biodiesel

Sodium hydroxide 0.003 lb / gal biodiesel

Hydrochloric acid 0.003 lb / gal biodiesel

Outputs

Biodiesel 1.00 gal

Glycerin 6,800 Btu/gal biodiesel

Emissions Factors

Grid Electricity 0.195 gCO2e/Btu

Natural Gas 0.069 gCO2e/Btu

Coal 0.112 gCO2e/Btu

Biomass 0.003 gCO2e/Btu

Residual Oil 0.098 gCO2e/Btu

Methanol Upstream 211 gCO2e/lb

Sodium Methoxide Upstream 471 gCO2e/lb

Sodium Hydroxide Upstream 419 gCO2e/lb

Hydrochloric Acid Upstream 459 gCO2e/lb

Emissions

Grid Electricity 70 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Natural Gas 300 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Coal - gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Biomass - gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Methanol 167 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Sodium methoxide 11 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Sodium hydroxide 1 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Hydrochloric acid 1 gCO2e/gal biodiesel

Glycerine Credit (666) gCO2e/gal biodiesel
Notes
Item Value Units

Renewable Diesel Production 4,448 gCO2e/mmBtu

Inputs

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) 9.56 lbs CPO / gal RD

Grid Electricity 652 Btu/gal RD

Natural Gas 23,247 Btu/gal RD

Hydrogren - Btu/gal

Outputs

Renewable Diesel 123,136 Btu/gal RD

Jet Fuel 23,197 Btu/gal RD

Naphtha 3,306 Btu/gal RD

LPG 3,084 Btu/gal RD

Propane 7,454 Btu/gal RD

Emissions Factors

Grid Electricity 0.16 gCO2e/Btu

Natural Gas 0.07 gCO2e/Btu

Hydrogen 0.12 gCO2e/Btu

Kerosene Jet Fuel 0.09 gCO2e/Btu

Conventional Gasoline 0.10 gCO2e/Btu

Emissions

Grid Electricity 104 gCO2e/gal RD

Natural Gas 872 gCO2e/gal RD

Hydrogen - gCO2e/gal RD

Conventional Gasoline (325) gCO2e/gal RD

Energy Allocation

Renewable Diesel % RIN-Generating Output 84%
Notes

Following Pearlson we account for natural gas and energy required for hydrogen production

Uses

Transportation fuel blendstock displacing conventional gasoline

Process energy displacing natural gas

Process energy displacing natural gas
ogen production
Item Value Units

Biodiesel Transport 2,696 gCO2e/mmBtu

Renewable Diesel Transport 1,481 gCO2e/mmBtu

Transport Biodiesel from Biodiesel Production Facility to Port

Cargo 35.11 mmBtu biodiesel/tonne biodiesel

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of Biodiesel 100%

Distance (round trip) 300 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

Biodiesel Transport Emissions 937 gCO2e/mmBtu biodiesel

Transport Biodiesel from Port to U.S. Port

Cargo 35.11 mmBtu biodiesel/tonne biodiesel

Transport Mode Ocean Tanker

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,947 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of Biodiesel 100%

Distance (one way) 9,000 mi

Energy Intensity 35 Btu/tonne-mi

Biodiesel Transport Emissions 884 gCO2e/mmBtu biodiesel

Transport Biodiesel from U.S. Port to Bulk Distribution

Cargo 35.11 mmBtu biodiesel/tonne biodiesel

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of Biodiesel 100%

Distance (round trip) 100 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

Biodiesel Transport Emissions 312 gCO2e/mmBtu biodiesel

Transport Biodiesel from Bulk Distribution to Distributor

Cargo 35.11 mmBtu biodiesel/tonne biodiesel

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of Biodiesel 100%

Distance (round trip) 180 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

Biodiesel Transport Emissions 562 gCO2e/mmBtu biodiesel

Transport Renewable Diesel from Production Facility in Singapore to U.S. Port

Cargo 41.70 mmBtu RD/tonne RD

Transport Mode Ocean Tanker

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,947 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of RD 100%

Distance (one-way) 9,000 mi

Energy Intensity 35 Btu/tonne-mi
RD Transport Emissions 744 gCO2e/mmBtu RD

Transport Biodiesel from U.S. Port to Bulk Distribution

Cargo 41.70 mmBtu RD/tonne RD

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Share of RD 100%

Distance (round trip) 100 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

RD Transport Emissions 263 gCO2e/mmBtu RD

Transport Renewable Diesel from Bulk Distribution to Distributor

Cargo 41.70 mmBtu RD/tonne RD

Transport Mode Heavy Duty Truck

Fuel Lifecycle GHGs 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

Fuel Economy 5 mi/gal

Share of RD 100%

Distance (round trip) 180 mi

Energy Intensity 1,131 Btu/tonne-mi

RD Transport Emissions 473 gCO2e/mmBtu RD
Notes

Assuming biodiesel plant in same country as palm oil mill

Assuming renewable diesel plant near Singapore or similar location in SE Asia

/tonne biodiesel

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

/tonne biodiesel

Residual oil from GREET

/tonne biodiesel

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

/tonne biodiesel

Trucks operate with back haul

Residual oil from GREET
Trucks operate w/ empty back haul

Trucks operate w/ empty back haul
Name Value Units

Unit Conversions

tonne_per_ton 0.9072 Mt / ton

gram_per_tonne 1,000,000 g / Mt

gram_per_lb 454 g/lb

lb_per_gram 0.0022 lb/g

lb_per_kg 2.2046 lb/kg

Mt_per_lb 0.0005 Mt/lb

btu_per_kwh 3,412 Btu/kWh

Btu_per_MJ 948 Btu/MJ

gal_per_L 0.26 gal / litre

ft3_per_m3 35.31 ft^3/m^3

Emissions Factors

diesel_gCO2e_per_mmBtu 97,006 gCO2e/mmBtu

jet_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.0929 gCO2e/Btu

gasoline_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.0982 gCO2e/Btu

Resid_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.0979 gCO2e/Btu

Indon_gCO2e_per_kWh 771 gCO2e/kWh

Malay_gCO2e_per_kWh 557 gCO2e/kWh

Singa_gCO2e_per_kWh 544 gCO2e/kWh

Indon_gCO2e_per_Btu_elec 0.226 gCO2e/Btu electricity

Malay_gCO2e_per_Btu_elec 0.163 gCO2e/Btu electricity

Singa_gCO2e_per_Btu_elec 0.159 gCO2e/Btu electricity

US_gCO2e_per_Btu_elec 0.220 gCO2e/Btu electricity

NG_upstream_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.009 gCO2e/Btu

NG_combust_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.059 gCO2e/Btu

NG_combust_gCH4_per_mmBtu 9.57 gCH4/mmBtu electricity

NG_combust_gN2O_per_mmBtu 3.81 gN2O/mmBtu electricity

Biomass_gCO2e_per_mmBtu 3,491 gCO2e/mmBtu

Methanol_combust_gCO2_per_mmBtu 71,475 gCO2/mmBtu

Biogas_combust_gCH4_per_Btu 1.10 gCH4/mmBtu biogas

Biogas_combust_gN2O_per_Btu 1.10 gN2O/mmBtu biogas

Coal_upstream_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.004 gCO2e/Btu

Coal_combust_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.108 gCO2e/Btu

Biomass_gCO2e_per_Btu 0.003 gCO2e/Btu

Hydrogren_gCO2e_Btu 0.116 gCO2e/Btu

Fuel Specifications

diesel_btu_per_gal 130,000 Btu/gal

BD_g_per_gal 3,361 g PME / gal PME

RD_g_per_gal 2,953 g RD / gal RD

RD_lb_per_gal 6.51 lb RD / gal RD

jet_Btu_per_gal 118,669 Btu/gal

Btu_per_kg_CH4 47,296 Btu / kgCH4 

Naphtha_Btu_per_lb 19,215 Btu/lb

Propane_Btu_per_lb 18,568 Btu/lb
Hydrogen_Btu_per_lb 51,586 Btu/lb

Misc. Factors

gwp_n2o 310 N2O GWP

gwp_ch4 21 CH4 GWP

g_CH4_per_m3 777 g CH4/m^3
Source Notes

2005 U.S. diesel baseline

Kerosene jet fuel (NETL 2008)

2005 gasoline baseline

Residual oil lifecycle emissions

Indonesia grid average

Malaysia grid average

Singapore grid average

Grid average in Indonesia

Malaysia grid average

Singapore grid average

U.S. Average Electricity Production, Year 2022 (available at wall outlets)

Natural Gas for Stationary Combustion

NG for Biofuel Plant Use (50 / 50 mix of large and small industrial boiler)

NG-fired power plant, GREET 1.8d

NG-fired power plant, GREET 1.8d

EPA (2010) To account for non-CO2 emissions from biomass combustion in small industrial boilers

NG for Biofuel Plant Use (50 / 50 mix of large and small industrial boiler)

NG for Biofuel Plant Use (50 / 50 mix of large and small industrial boiler)

Hydrogen produced from natural gas via steam methane reforming EPA (2010) based on GREET

RFS2 Final Rule

RFS2 FRM, based on 

IEA Emissions per 

kWh of Electricity and 

Heat Output 2007

RFS2 Final Rule

Stratton et al

Stratton et al
IPCC SAR, 1995
Acronym Full Name

CPO Crude Palm Oil

FFB Fresh Fruit Bunch

EFB Empty Fruit Bunch

POME Palm Oil Mill Effluent

PK Palm Kernel

PKO Palm Kernel Oil

PKM Palm Kernel Meal

RD Renewable Diesel

GHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions

NG Natural Gas
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