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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION<span>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t,</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> v. </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">MILLER INSULATION CO.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">INC.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket No</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19-1431</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bryan Kaufman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Esq.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Department of Labor, Office of Solicitor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">enver</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Colorado</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thomas R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Revnew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Esq.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Peters,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Revnew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Kappenman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>& Anderson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Minneapolis</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Minnesota</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fore: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Christopher D. Helms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">– U. S. Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">I.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Procedural History</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">April<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 201</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Miller Insulation Co., Inc., (“Respondent”) performed work at a jobsite located at 605 Fourth Avenue SE, Crosby, North Dakota (“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or “site”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">date, three of Respondent’s employees, Francisco Andrade (“Andrade”),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“victim”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted],</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>entered a mezzanine on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in order to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>perform warranty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance repair insulation work. (Ex. J-25).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> On April 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell from the edge of the mezzanine where its wooden floor met a drop ceiling made of thin tiles placed on a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">thin metal grid. (Ex. J-17, J-25, J-26). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell onto his head and neck area and later passed away at a hospital. (Ex. J-16, J-18, J-25).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> In response to the employee’s worksite injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) began an inspection of the Divide County High School<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on April 23, 2019. As a result of OSHA’s inspection, the Secretary of Labor (“Secretary”) issued a one-item serious citation to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The citation, as amended,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleged a serious violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">general industry standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. § 1910.28(b)(1)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, or in the alternative,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>construction standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1926.501(b)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proposed a penalty of $13,260.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Miller Insulation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>filed a timely notice of contest bringing the matter before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The matter was designated for Simplified Proceedings by the Chief Administrative Law Judge and assigned to this Court on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">September 23</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 201</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. On or about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">October 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the parties jointly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>moved to discontinue simplified proceedings in favor of conventional proceedings, which was granted on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">October 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2019. A trial was held on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">May 25-27, 2021,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">June 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">via videoconference</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The following individuals testified: (1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Glen Alexander,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a superintendent for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (2)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Francisco Andrade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a former<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (3)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Jerome</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ralph</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a safety coordinator for Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (4)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ernest<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Barnhard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a safety manager for Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(5)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Compliance Safety and Health Officer (“CSHO”) Kari<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thorsteinson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Both parties submitted timely post-trial briefs. Pursuant to Commission Rule 90, after hearing and carefully considering all the evidence and the arguments of counsel, the Court issues this Decision and Order as its findings of fact and conclusions of law. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the reasons discussed, citation 1, item 1,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as originally issued<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as amended</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the alternative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">VACATED.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">II.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Stipulations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>& Jurisdiction</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stipulated to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">various facts, including several jurisdictional details</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Joint Stipulation Statement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Joint</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tipulations, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission has jurisdiction over th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>action<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 29 U.S.C.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">659(c).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, the Court obtained jurisdiction over this matter under section 10(c) of the Act upon Respondent’s timely filing of a notice of contest. 29 U.S.C. § 659(c).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">finds Respondent was an employer engaged in a business and industry affecting interstate commerce within the meaning of section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3(3) and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3(5) of the Act,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. §§ 652(3), (5).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="page-break-before:page; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">III.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Factual Background</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">5</a></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:96px; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">The Company<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>provides insulation services to the industrial, commercial, oilfield, and residential markets. (Ex. J-14). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is an employee-owned construction company headquartered in Bismarck, North Dakota, with approximately 600 employees. (Tr. 818). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In 2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was engaged in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">maintenance repair work</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">located in Crosby, North Dakota. (Tr. 48, 89, 599).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite management consisted of foreman Francisco Andrade.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 94, 111, 171, 256; Ex. J-1). On March 14, 2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>superintendent, Glen Alexander,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conducted a pre-job walk-through of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite with Robert Boyer, a superintendent with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">general contractor, FCI Constructors (“FCI”). (Tr. 180). Both individuals reviewed FCI’s punch list of items to be completed at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in order to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>determine the scope of work. (Tr. 180-183; Ex. J-8).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The punch list referenced</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">inter alia,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work that had previously been performed at the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and which areas required repair work</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 49-50</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 52, 180-183; Ex. J-8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>main role was to repair insulation on piping and valves and replace stained ceiling tiles. (Tr. 186, 243-245; Ex. J-8). Mr. Alexander and Mr. Boyer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>examined stain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ceiling tiles and then climbed a wall ladder to enter a mechanical room on a mezzanine above. (Tr. 55-56, 186-190, 245).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:96px; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">The<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Mezzanine</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Upon entry from the ladder, from left to the right, the room was roughly 5</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-55 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 6-6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.5 feet tall. (Tr. 188-191; Ex. J-17). From the entrance, the end of the right side of the room was about 15 feet away, leaving about 35-40 feet to the left side of the room. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">190; Ex. C-6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Piping and an air handler immediately to the left of the room’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entrance prevented</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">walking directly to the left end<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and obscured</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the view from one end to the other. (Tr. 193, 202-203, 406-407;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, J-9). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>wood floor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not extend all the way to the wall</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s at each end of the mezzanine. (Tr. 87, 220-221; Ex. J-17). Between the end of the wood floor and walls there were thin tiles placed on a metal grid, which served as the drop ceiling for the hallway below. (Tr. 45-49; Ex. J-17). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In order to</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>get to this area, an individual would have to walk straight ahead of the entrance, turn left for about 6-8 feet, and climb over the air handlers in the middle<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">back of the room. (Tr. 202, 220-221).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Alexander spent about five minutes on the mezzanine and did not identify a clear hazard. (Tr. 62-63, 100). While on the mezzanine, Mr. Alexander used his cell phone’s flashlight and took pictures of each area where work was to be performed. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 187-203, Ex. J-9 at 121, 127-129, 134-135). Given the relatively poor lighting, Mr. Alexander had asked Mr. Boyer to ensure the area was better illuminated before the work commenced. (Tr. 79).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:96px; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">C.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">The Incident</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On April 19, 2019, Mr. Andrade,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were scheduled to perform the insulation repairs at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite. (Tr. 94, 111, 171, 256, 273, 286; Ex. J-1). Mr. Alexander had planned on working at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite, but due to extenuating circumstances</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>informed Mr. Andrade that he would need to go in his place. (Tr. 203-205). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On the morning of April 19, 2019, Mr. Andrade,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and Mr. Alexander met to discuss the repairs to be made and load up supplies. (Tr. 205, 212-213). Mr. Alexander explained what work needed to be done at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite as he reviewed the item punch list and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">photographs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he had taken</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with the employees. (Tr. 212-213;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-8, J-9).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Alexander instructed Mr. Andrade to meet with Mr. Boyer to go over the work to be performed and to look after<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 207, 215).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">While on the way to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite, Mr. Alexander received a work emergency call, which required his attention. (Tr. 214-215). Mr. Alexander then got in contact with Mr. Andrade to inform him that he would need to continue to the worksite without him. (Tr. 203-205, 215). When Mr. Andrade arrived at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite, Mr. Boyer reviewed the item punch list with him and explained what worked needed to be completed. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 286-290).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>arrived at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite, Mr. Andrade helped them bring work materials up to the mezzanine. (Tr. 293, 309-310). Mr. Andrade directed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on the repair work that needed to be completed based on pictures Mr. Alexander had provided. (Tr. 288; Ex. J-9). Mr. Andrade informed them they were only to complete the insulation repair work depicted in the pictures. (Tr. 288). They were not to look for work outside this original scope and were to call a supervisor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for permission to conduct additional work outside their original assignment. (Tr. 236-237, 288).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Andrade testified that he had no difficulty with the lighting in the mezzanine and could see the floor and walls without the use of his hard hat headlamp. (Tr. 314-315, 320-321, 411-413). While working on the right side of the mezzanine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>yelled from downstairs that</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had fallen and was injured. (Tr. 330,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">391-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">394</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Mr. Andrade immediately ran downstairs to find<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the ground with paramedics. (Tr. 330).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">receiving a call from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">learning of the accident</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Alexander headed to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite to investigate the incident. (Tr. 215-216). He completed an accident report and took photographs of the scene. (Tr. 225-226;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-17, J-18). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Alexander noted there was adequate lighting on the mezzanine, including in the area, where no work was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">scheduled to be performed and</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been working. (Tr. 84, 199-200, 220, 226).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After his fall,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was air lifted to Trinity Hospital in Minot, North Dakota where he later unfortunately passed away on April 22, 2019. (Ex. J-25). Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Barnhard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reported the incident to OSHA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">completed an accident report of his own. (Tr. 540, 782-783; Ex. J-25).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:96px; text-indent:1.27cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">D.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">The<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Incident</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>Inspection</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Following the incident, Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Barnhard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>discovered through his investigation that Mr. Andrade had only partially completed a job hazard assessment (“JHA”) before starting work. (Tr. 530, 540, 548;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-25, J-21).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Andrade testified he failed to complete a JHA before starting work because he “spaced out on it.” (Tr. 382-384, 400-401). A week after the incident, on April 26, 2019, Mr. Andrade was disciplined for failing to complete the JHA. (Tr. 408-410). He was suspended without pay for three days, demoted for thirty days, and placed on a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">six-month</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>probation with any violation occurring during said time resulting in immediate termination. (Tr. 408-410</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. R-13).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">6</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On April 22, 2019, CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thorsteinson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received a call from Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Barnhard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reporting an employee had been hospitalized. (Tr. 620-621).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> After receiving the call, CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thorsteinson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>traveled to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite and conducted an inspection the following day. (Tr. 622-623). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Through the course of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">her</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>investigation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">spoke with</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>various representatives<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and FCI. (Tr. 623-624).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> As a result of the CSHO’s investigation, she determined</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the victim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was exposed to a fall hazard next to an unprotected edge</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 640-643). CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thorsteinson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>found,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">inter alia</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the height of the drop ceiling to the floor was approximately nine feet seven inches</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were exposed to fall hazards for approximately forty-five minutes</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and the probability of falling near an unprotected edge was greater because work was being performed near</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the unprotected edge</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 634</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 640-644</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Through her investigation, CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thorsteinson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>determined<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had violated the requirements covered under 29 C.F.R Part 1910</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and recommended OSHA issue a citation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 635-636)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">IV.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Discussion</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Law Applicable to Alleged Violations</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In order to establish a violation of a safety standard under the Act, in this case 29 C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) or in the alternative 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must prove by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) the employer failed to comply with the terms of that standard; (3)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees had access to the hazardous condition covered by the standard; and (4)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employer knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative condition. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atlantic Battery Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 2131, 2138 (No. 90-1747, 1994);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ormet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 14 BNA OSHC 2134 (No. 85-531, 1991) (citation omitted);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Sal Masonry Contractors, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1609 (No. 87-2007, 1992) (citation omitted).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has the burden of establishing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>each element by a preponderance of the evidence.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Hartford Roofing Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1361 (No. 92-3855, 1995). “Preponderance of the evidence” has been defined as:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:53.733px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The greater weight of the evidence, not necessarily established by the greater number of witnesses testifying to a fact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">but by evidence that has the most convincing force</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; superior evidentiary weight that, though not sufficient to free the mind wholly from all reasonable doubt, is still sufficient to incline a fair and impartial mind to one side of the issue rather than the other. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Black’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s Law Dictionary, “Preponderance of the Evidence” (10th ed. 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis added)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant alleged a serious violation of the Act in Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as follows:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employer did not ensure that each employee on a walking-working surface with an unprotected side or edge that is 4 feet (1.2 m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or more above a lower level was protected from falling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">April 19, 2019, and at times prior for employees expose</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">foot</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fall hazard through a drop ceiling while insulating pipes next to an unprotected edge at 605 Fourth Avenue SE in Crosby, North Dakota</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the alternative, pursuant to this Court’s Order granting l</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eave to amend the complaint and citation, Complainant alleges a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-1.27cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1926.501(b)(1): The employer did not ensure that each employee on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge which was 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level was protected from falling<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by the use of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Standard<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Applies<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under Commission precedent, “the focus of the Secretary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s burden of proving that the cited standard applies pertains to the cited conditions, not the particular cited employer.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ryder Transp. Servs.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 24 BNA OSHC 2061, 2064 (No. 10-0551, 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(concluding “that the Secretary has failed to establish that the cited general industry standard applies to the working conditions here”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">KS Energy Servs., Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>22 BNA OSHC 1261, 1267 (No. 06-1416, 2008)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(finding “the cited ... provision was applicable to the conditions in KS Energy's traffic control zone”),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff'd</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 701 F.3d 367 (7th Cir. 2012);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Active Oil Serv., Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>21 BNA OSHC 1092, 1094 (No. 00-0482, 2005)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(finding “that the confined space standard applies to the cited conditions” because “the vault was a confined space”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Arcon</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>20 BNA OSHC 1760, 1763 (No. 99-1707</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2004)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(“In order</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to establish a violation, the Secretary must show that the standards applied to the cited conditions.”)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The amended citation alleges<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violated a general industry standard, or in the alternative, a construction standard. Determining whether an activity is construction or maintenance requires consideration of whether a structure is altered, the project’s scale and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complexity, and whether it is a routine activity.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Brand Energy Sols. LLC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1386 (No. 09-1048, 2015). Pursuant to 29 C.F.R. § 1910.5(c)(1), if a more specific standard exists that is applicable to a “condition, practice, means, method, operation, or process,” such as a construction standard, the more specific standard applies over the general. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is a construction company that was performing repair insulation work when the violation occurred.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 48, 89, 599, 818;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-14, J-25).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Therefore, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">repair<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>performed would fall under the purview of Part 1926, Subpart<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Section<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">501</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Duty to Have Fall Protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Any hazards involving<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">construction work repair and fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would fall within the scope of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">aforementioned Subpart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>including its relevant sections.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Construction standards apply “to every employment and place of employment of every employee engaged in construction work.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1910.12(a). Construction work is defined as “work for construction, alteration,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">and/or repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, including painting and decorating.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1910.12(b).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Because the work at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">school</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was repair work, it fell under OSHA’s definition of “construction work,” which means the construction standards applied, not the general industry standards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds 29 C.F.R. § 1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">501</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)(1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) applies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and consequently 29 C.F.R. § 1910.28(b)(1)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) does not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Standard was Violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>does not dispute that the cited standard applies to this case and was violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 13-14).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here, the cited standard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to ensure that each of its employees on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge, 6 feet or more above a lower<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">level,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>protected from falling<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by the use of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(1). The record reveals that Respondent violated the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard by failing to use any fall protection system to protect its employees from falling off the mezzanine’s unprotected edge to the hallway fl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oor which was at least nine feet below. (Tr. 634, 640-644; Ex. J-25).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in light of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the abovementioned, this Court finds Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the terms of the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">c.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Employees were Exposed to a Hazardous Condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“The Secretary always bears the burden of proving employee exposure to the violative conditions.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Fabricated Metal Products, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1072, 1074 (No. 93-1853, 1997) (citations and footnotes omitted). The Commission’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">longstanding test</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for hazard exposure requires the Secretary to “show that it is reasonably predictable either by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence), that employees have been, are, or will be in the zone of danger.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Delek</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ref., Ltd.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1365, 1376 (No. 08-1386, 2015) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See also Rockwell Intl. Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 9 BNA OSHC 1092 (No. 12470, 1980);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gilles &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 3 BNA OSHC 2002 (No. 504, 1976).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">7</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The zone of danger is the “area surrounding the violative condition that presents the danger to employees.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Boh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Bros. Constr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Co., LLC, 24 BNA OSHC 1067, 1085 (No. 09-1072, 2013)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing RGM Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1229, 1234 (No. 91-2107, 1995)). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The zone of danger is determined by the hazard presented by the violative<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">condition and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is normally th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>area surrounding the violative condition that presents the danger to employees which the standard is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">intended to prevent. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">RGM Construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Co., 17 BNA OSHC at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1234; Gilles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>&<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 3 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2003.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were directly exposed to a hazardous condition when they worked in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mezzanine near an unprotected edge without any fall protection system to protect them from falling to the hallway floor nine feet below. (Tr. 634, 640-644; Ex. J-25). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Courts have long held that exposure is met by an employee’s mere access to a hazardous situation.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Gilles &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 3 BNA OSHC 2002, 2003 (No. 504, 1976);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Donovan v. Adams Steel Erection, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 766 F.2d 804, 812 (3d Cir. 1985);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S. Hens, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 930 F.3d 667, 681 (5th Cir. 2019).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Here it is undisputed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s employees had access to and entered the mezzanine on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">April 19, 2019, to perform insulation repair work. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 634, 640-644; Ex. J-25).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Furthermore, it is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">undisputed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from the mezzanine’s unprotected edge and died as a result. (Tr. 47-49, 71, 85-87;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-16, J-25). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The victim’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actual exposure, in falling from the mezzanine’s unprotected edge and passing away from his fall,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also establishes exposure.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See S & G Packaging, Co., LLC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S&G</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">), 19 BNA OSHC 1503, 1506 (No. 98-1107, 2001) (injuries establish actual exposure to the violative condition).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As such, this Court finds</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">d.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Knowledge<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent’s knowledge of the violation may be established<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by showing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employer knew, or with reasonable diligence could have known of the violative condition. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. § 666(k)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ormet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 14 BNA OSHC 2134 (No. 85-531, 1991).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> When<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">determining</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>whether an employer has been reasonably diligent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Commission considers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">several factors, including the employer’s obligation to have adequate work rules and training programs, to adequately supervise employees, to anticipate hazards to which employees may be exposed, and to take measures to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prevent the occurrence of violations.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Precision Concrete Constr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 19 BNA OSHC 1404 (No. 99-0707, 2001)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">An employer’s awareness of the violation may be shown through actual or constructive knowledge of said violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is not necessary to show the employer knew or understood the condition was hazardous. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC at 1079-1080 (citations omitted)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“[An] employer’s duty is to take<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">reasonably<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">diligent measures to inspect its worksite and discover hazardous conditions; so long as the employer does so, it is not in violation simply because it has not detected or become aware of every instance of a hazard.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ragnar Benson, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 97-1676, 1999 WL 770809, at *3 (OSHRC Sept. 27, 1999).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>An employer is not automatically aware of a hazard in plain view, especially if not observed by a supervisory employee.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cranesville</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Block Co., Inc./Clark Division</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Nos. 08-0316 & 08-0317, 2012 WL 2365498, at *10 (OSHRC June 12, 2012).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Secretary contends that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to exercise reasonable diligence to discover and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prevent fall hazards and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">therefore had constructive knowledge of the violative condition.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> According to the Secretary, Respondent did not have work rules designed to prevent the violation at issue, as its fall protection rules were insufficient with respect to preventing the cited violation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sec’y Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 12-15).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The Secretary further argues that Respondent had failed to effectively communicate any works rules or effectively and consistently enforce said rules. (Sec’y Br. at 15-21). Additionally, the Secretary contends that Mr. Andrade’s involvement and inactions at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>provide strong evidence of Respondent’s ineffective safety program and lax disciplinary policies. (Sec’y Br. at 17-21).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Further, the Secretary makes the argument that Mr. Alexander’s and Mr. Andrade’s knowledge of the hazard should be imputed to Respondent. (Tr. 638-639). The Secretary claims that Mr. Alexander had knowledge of the hazard because “it is his job to look for hazards on the job site” and that he “failed to make sure all edges of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mezzanine were safe while knowing the me</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">zzanine was elevated.” (Tr. 638-639; Ex. J-27). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary additionally argues that Mr. Andrade had knowledge of the hazard because “[h]e noticed the edge of the mezzanine on the right side posed a fall hazard,” but did not stop to get fall protection, or see if the opposite side posed “the same hazard.” (Tr. 638-639; Ex. J-27).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In support of Respondent’s employee misconduct affirmative defense, Respondent claims that it met the reasonable diligence factors through<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety program, maintaining adequate work rules, adequately training employees on the work rules, effectively discovering violations of the work rules, and effectively enforcing those rules. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19-30).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The credible record<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence reveals that Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ha</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ve</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actual or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constructive knowledge of the hazardous condition of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the victim<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the mezzanine’s unprotected edge</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 47-49, 71, 85-87;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-16, J-25). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Court first addresses whether Mr. Andrade is a supervisor whose knowledge can be imputed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Andrade testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he did not believe he was acting as a supervisor or foreman at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite, he was responsible for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>many typical foreman duties, including properly completing a J</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A form and directing other employees to which work needed to be completed. (Tr. 280-284, 288, 383;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, J-9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Mr. Andrade testified that he became a foreman for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in 2018 well before the date of the incident. (Tr. 256).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Andrade further testified that he had been<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the victim’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">foreman on prior jobs to the job at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite. (Tr. 379-380). Further, Mr. Andrade was routinely given oversight of other employees and would conduct safety training and toolbox talks with them. (Tr. 379-386). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A preponderance of the evidence establishes that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Andrade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was responsible for the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work being completed at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">An employee who has been delegated authority over another employee, even if only temporarily,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is considered to be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a supervisor for purposes of imputing knowledge to an employer. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">American Engineering & Development Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 23 BNA OSHC 2093, 2012 (No. 10-0359, 2012);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Diamond Installations, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 21 BNA OSHC 1688 (Nos. 02-2080 & 02-2081, 2006);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Tampa Shipyards, Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>15 BNA OSHC 1533 (Nos. 86-360 and 86-469, 1992).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Andrade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had authority over<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and as such is a supervisor for purposes of imputing knowledge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to the Commission, where a complainant shows that a supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">8</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had actual knowledge of the violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">such knowledge is generally imputed to the employer.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">722 F.3d at 1307–08. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Am. Eng’g & Dev. Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 2093, 2095 (No. 10-0359, 2012) quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Access Equip. Sys.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1400, 1401 (No. 03-1351, 2006) and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Regina Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1044, 1046 (No. 87-1309, 1991). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>However, neither Mr. Andrade nor Mr. Alexander had knowledge of the hazard which could be imputed to Respondent. The Secretary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to provide evidence that the hazard existed when Mr. Alexander conducted his walkthrough before the incident. The record shows that Mr. Alexander<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">spent about five minutes on the mezzanine and did not identify a clear hazard. (Tr. 62-63, 100). Similarly, Mr. Andrade did not identify a clear hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>while working at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite or when he observed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was working. (Tr. 288, 314-315, 319-321, 331).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>While the Secretary has alluded to the establishment of constructive knowledge through Mr. Andrade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s failure to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>comple</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">te</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a JHA, this is mere speculation. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. at 16-17, 20).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">record reveals that Mr. Andrade directed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the repair work that needed to be completed based on pictures Mr. Alexander had provided. (Tr. 288; Ex. J-9). Only the insulation repair work depicted in the pictures was to be completed. (Tr. 288). However, the area that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from had no scheduled work to be performed and was 20 feet away, and partially barricaded by pipes, from the work he was instructed to complete. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 220</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-221</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 226</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 288;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-9, J-17</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Andrade<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he did not direct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to work in the fall area because there was no work to be completed there.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 288)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The Secretary has not proven that Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failed to take reasonably diligent measure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to inspect the worksite and certainly has not established that Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would have discovered the fall hazard through reasonable diligence in an area that Respondent never intended or anticipated performing work in.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">e.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Unpreventable<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Supervisory</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>Misconduct<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under the Act,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent raises the affirmative defense of unpreventable employee misconduct in its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nswer and Post Hearing Brief. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The burden is on Respondent to prove the elements of this affirmative defense. To establish the affirmative defense of unpreventable employee misconduct, in cases that do not involve supervisor misconduct, the employer must prove that it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[(1)] has established work rules designed to prevent the violation [; (2)] has adequately communicated these rules to its employees [; (3)] has taken steps to discover violations and [; (4)] has effectively enforced the rules when violations have been discovered.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Western World, Inc. v. Sec’y of Labor,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>604 F.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App’x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>188, 191 (3d Cir. 2015) (unpublished), quoting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>PP&L,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>737 F.2d at 358 (emphasis omitted) (quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Marson Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 10 BNA OSHC 1660 (No. 78-3491, 1982). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“When the alleged misconduct is that of a supervisory employee, the employer must ... establish that it took all feasible steps to prevent the accident, including adequate ... supervision of its [supervisory] employee.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Archer- Western Contractors, Ltd.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHC 1013 (No. 87-1067, 1991),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d Archer-W. Contractors, Ltd. v. Occupational Safety & Health Rev. Comm'n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 978 F.2d 744 (D.C. Cir. 1992) (unpublished) (citations omitted).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>When an employer’s unpreventable employee misconduct defense involves a supervisor, the “employer is excused from responsibility for acts of its supervisory employees only if it shows that the acts were contrary to a consistently enforced company policy, that the supervisors were adequately trained in safety matters, and that reasonable steps were taken to discover safety violations committed by its supervisors.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">W. Waterproofing Co. v. Marshall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 576 F.2d 139, 144 (8th Cir. 1978) (citations omitted).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The factors illustrating Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lack of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constructive knowledge of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite hazardous condition also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">support</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent’s unpreventable employee misconduct defense.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Burford’s Tree, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 22 BNA OSHC 1948, 1951-52 (No. 07-1899, 2010) (the factors for evaluating constructive knowledge are the same factors for evaluating the unpreventable employee misconduct defense),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 413 F.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App’x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>222 (11th Cir. 2011) (unpublished). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary argues that Respondent cannot prove unpreventable supervisory misconduct because Mr. Andrade’s failure to complete a J</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A on the day of the accident, and the resulting violation and accident were foreseeable. (Sec’y Br. at 27). Further, the Secretary argues that Respondent did not adequately communicate or enforce<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its work rules and safety programs. (Sec’y Br. at 27-28). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent argues that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the elements of the defense are established, as it maintained adequate work rules, adequately trained employees on the work rules, had effective means of discovering violations of the work rules, and had effective enforcement of those rules. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. at 20-30).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="page-break-before:page; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:196.8px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:192px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-style:italic; padding-right:20px;">i.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Work Rules</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The record reveals that Respondent had a good safety program that was effectively communicated to its employees that specifically required the use of fall protection for employees working at or above heights of six feet. (Ex. J-2). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Work rules are included in various safety policies distributed and available to employees, such as Respondent’s: (1) Safety Handbook; (2) Employee Handbook; (3) Workplace Accident and Injury Reduction Act (“AWAIR”) Program; (4) Risk and Hazard Assessment Program; and (5) Safety Manual.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-2, J-13, J-14, J-15, R-8)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Many of Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">toolbox</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>talks, employee orientation tests, and other handouts also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provide the framework for Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety and policy objectives. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-1; R-17)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">An employer’s work rule must be clear enough to eliminate employee exposure to the hazard covered by the standard, and thus it “must be ‘designed to prevent the cited violation.’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Beta Construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1435 (O.S.H.R.C.), 1993 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 30239, 1993 WL 406468 at *10 (O.S.H.R.C. 1993).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Generally speaking, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work rule must be sufficiently precise to implement the requirements of the standard or be functionally equivalent to it.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Here, Respondent’s Safety Handbook includes specific fall protection rules. (Ex. J-2). Respondent’s Handbook instructs employees that fall protection is required “as a minimum... [w]hen working higher than six feet up on a platform or other support.” (Ex. J-2 at 59). Respondent’s employees are instructed on the need to wear fall protection “[w]hen working adjacent to an unguarded floor opening... Floor openings should be covered or barricaded and marked.” (Ex. J-2 at 59).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Additionally, Respondent’s Safety Manual specifically includes fall protection guidance and safety concerns when working around unprotected sides and edges. (Ex. J-13 at 6362-6370). Further, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Safety<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Manual’s Fall Protection Program require</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees to<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="page-break-before:page; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use guardrails and barricade warning tape, along with fall protection, while working near unprotected sides and edges. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>This Court finds that Respondent had adequate work rules which specifically address and are intended to prevent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the violation in this case.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:196.8px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:192px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-style:italic; padding-right:20px;">ii.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Communication</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent communicate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>its rules concerning fall protection to its employees in various ways. Respondent’s orientation video, which is shown to all employees, discusses fall protection and Respondent’s corresponding work rules. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 156-157, 715-716;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">J-3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Not only is fall protection gear explained to employees through video, but Respondent specifically provides employees with fall protection equipment and training itself. (Tr. 168-169, 716-720; Ex. J-3). Respondent’s employees all receive a Safety Handbook, which includes fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>guidance, and have access to the Safety Manual’s fall protection program. (Tr. 147-148, 165-166, 742; Ex. J-13 at 6369-6370). Further, Respondent’s employees regularly receive additional fall protection training through toolbox chats, OSHA 10, and OSHA 30 trainings. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-12, R-7, R-8 at 6184). Respondent specifically conducted thirty toolbox chats, in the year prior to the incident, where they informed employees on fall protection alone. (Tr. 722-723; Ex. R-17).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here, the record shows that Mr. Andrade<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">well aware</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Respondent’s work rules concerning fall protection and unprotected edges. When both employees were hired, they reviewed the safety manual, employee handbook, safety orientation class, and successfully passed the safety test. (Tr. 164-167, 333-338;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-2, J-3, J-11 J-13, J-14, R-1).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Additionally, Mr. Andrade would not only attend many toolbox talks, but would lead them as well. (Tr. 385-387; Ex. R-7). Further, Mr. Alexander<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provided<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with hands-on training, which included direction to tie off any time he would be working 6 feet above the ground or away from a leading<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">edge. (Tr. 16</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-170</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. J-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Fall protection guidance had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually been</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>communicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>victim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>just a few days before the incident. (Tr. 176-178; Ex. J-12).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As a foreman, Mr. Andrade was also trained on Respondent’s requirement to complete JHAs at the beginning of jobs, which included inspecting worksites for potential hazards. (Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>383-384). The JHA process specifically references identifying and abating potential fall hazards. (Tr. 720-721; Ex. J-15 at 86-87).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>This Court finds Respondent’s work rules were effectively communicated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:196.8px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:192px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-style:italic; padding-right:20px;">iii.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Reasonable Steps to Discover Violations</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The record shows that Respondent took reasonable steps to discover violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Respondent employs 6 safety coordinators who conducted jobsite audits, with each coordinator auditing 5 to 8 jobsites per week. (Tr. 464-465, 699-701). The coordinators</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>duties included reviewing JHAs weekly to ensure accuracy and completeness. (Tr. 129-134; Ex. R-5). Additionally, superintendents, like Mr. Alexander, would visit jobsites at least once per week for safety audits. (Tr. 150-151, 154-155).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> During these visits, Mr. Alexander would ensure supervisors completed their JHAs before starting work and would take remedial action if they were not complete. (Tr. 159-160, 459-460; Ex. J-14 at 6194-6195).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Lastly, Respondent encouraged and incentivized employees to identify safety violations through its “good catch” program. (Tr. 707-708).</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:196.8px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:192px; text-indent:-.635cm; background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-style:italic; padding-right:20px;">iv.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Enforcement</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent took reasonable steps to enforce violations of its work rules. In the year before the accident, the company issued 23 disciplinary write-ups for violations of the fall protection rules and 11 disciplinary write-ups for failure to complete or turn in J</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 755–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">77;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">J-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">28).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also terminated two employees for repeated failure to practice proper<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fall protection protocol.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Ex. J-28 at 253, 303). Between 2017 and the date of the accident, Respondent issued 77 disciplinary citations related to fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17 related to JHA failures</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and over 800 disciplinary write-ups all together. (Tr. 756; Ex. J-28).</span></p>
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				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>me</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>its proof burden regarding this affirmative defense.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Mr. Andrade’s actions and failure to complete a JHA before commencing work at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were counter to the work rules Respondent consistently communicated and enforced to its employees.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 382-384, 400-401, 548; Ex. J-21 at 340-341).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent disciplined Mr. Andrade for his violation and ultimately let him go. (Tr. 409; Ex. R-13).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds the Secretary failed to establish his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">prima facie</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>case and that Respondent has met its burden of proof regarding the affirmative defense of unpreventable employee misconduct.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">RDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The foregoing Decision constitutes the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ions of Law, it is ORDERED that:</span></p>
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			<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and as amended in the alternative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is VACATED, and no penalty is assessed.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:-5.733px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Segoe Script; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Segoe Script; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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							<p> </p>
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							<p style="margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; ">/s/ Christopher D. Helms</span></p>
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							<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dated:<span>
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							<p style="margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">January 24, 2022</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Denver, Colorado</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Arial; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Arial; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
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							<p style="margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Christopher D. Helms</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Judge, OSHRC</span></p>
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					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
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					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">1 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On July<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 20</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">20</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, the Secretary’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">U</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">nopposed Motion to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">mend the Citation and Complaint was granted. The amendment set forth the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">citation item be amended to allege a violation of the construction standard of 29 C.F.R</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§ 1926.501(b)(1) in the alternative.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
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					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">2 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Secretary originally<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">cited<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for a violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">general industry standard 29 C.F.R. § 1910.28(b)(1)(</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, (the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Act</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 U.S.C. §§ 651-678</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Prior to the hearing, Respondent filed a Motion for Summary Judgment contending that the Complaint should be dismissed. Among other arguments, Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">argued that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">no material disputed facts existed as to whether the violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">alleged</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">resulted from unpreventable employee misconduct by its supervisor at the time</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Following review and consideration of Respondent’s Summary Judgment Motion, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">undersigned denied the motion finding material facts existed which prevented summary judgment from being entered against the Secretary</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.<span>
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					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">3 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Commission is an independent adjudicatory agency and is not part of the Department of Labor or OSHA. 29 U.S.C. § 661. It was established to resolve disputes arising out of enforcement actions brought by the Secretary of Labor under the OSH Act and has no regulatory functions. 29 U.S.C. § 659(c).</span></p>
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					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">4 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Joint Stipulations were received and admitted as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Joint Stipulation Statement.</span></p>
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					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">5 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The factual background is based on the credible record evidence, as discussed below, and consideration of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">record as a whole</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. Contrary evidence is not credited.</span></p>
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					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">6 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On July 9, 2019, Mr. Andrade’s employment with Respondent was terminated for violating company policy while on his probationary period. (Tr. 410-411, 487-489; Ex. R-14). </span></p>
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					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">7 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Gilles &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., the Commission rejected the “actual exposure” test, which required evidence that someone observed the violative conduct, in favor of the concept of “access”, which focuses on the possibility of exposure under the conditions. </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See Gilles &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 3 BNA OSHC at 2002 (holding “that a rule of access based on reasonable predictability is more likely to further the purposes of the Act than is a rule requiring proof of actual exposure”). </span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">8 </span></a><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>It is well settled an employee who has been delegated authority over other employees, even if only temporarily,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">is considered to be</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a supervisor for the purposes of imputing knowledge to an employer. </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Access Equipment Systems. Inc</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 18 BNA OSHC 1718, 1726 (No. 95-1449, 1999) (employee who was “in charge of” or “the lead person for” one or two employees who erected scaffolds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">can</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>be considered a supervisor). The Commission has long held it is the substance of the delegation of authority not the formal title of the employee having the authority. </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 16 BNA OSHC 1281 (No. 91-862, 1993). </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See Diamond Installations</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1688 (No. 02-2080, 2066 (permitting imputation of knowledge based on temporary delegation). A person not having the authority to hire or fire, such power is not “sine qua non” of supervisory status</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">. Rawson Contractors, Inc</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 20 BNA OSHC 1078, 1080 (No. 99-0018, 2003).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
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