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The full text of certain NPDES permits and the asso ciated fact sheets has been made available to provide online access to this public information. EPA is making permits and fact sheets available electronically to provide convenient access for inte rested public parties and as a reference for permit writers. The ownership of these documents lies with the permitting authority, typically a State with an authorized NPDES program.

While EPA makes every effort to ensure that this web site remains current and contains the final version of the active permit, we cannot guarantee it is so. For example, there may be some delay in posting modifications made after a permit is i ssued. Also note that not all active permits are currently available electronically. Only permits and fact sheets for which the full text has been provided to Headquarters by the permitting authority may be made available. Headquarters has requested the full text only for permits as they are issued or reissued, beginning November 1,

2002.

Please contact the appropriate permitting authority (either a State or EPA Regional office) prior to acting on this information to ensure you have th e most up-to-date permit and/or fact sheet. EPA recognizes the official version of a permit or fact sheet to be the version designated as such and appropriately stored by the respective permitting authority.

The documents are gathered from all permitting au thorities, and all documents thus obtained are made available electronically, with no screening for completeness or quality. Thus, availability on the website does not constitute endorsement by EPA.

# National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit

for Discharge to Surface Waters

This Permit Certifies That

KAWASHIMA TEXTILE USA, INC.

has been granted perm ission to discharge from a facility located at



## 412 Grove Street Lugoff 

## , SC

Kershaw 

## County

to receiving waters nam e d



## Wateree River

in accordance with lim itations, m onitoring requirem e nts and other conditions set forth herein. This perm it is issued in accordance with the provisi o n s o f t h e P o l l u t i o n Control Act of South Carolina (S.C. Code Sections 48-1-20 et seq ., 1976), Regulation 61-9 and with the provisions of the Federal Clean Water Act (PL 92- 500), as am ended, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq ., the "Act."

Marion F. Sadler, Jr., Director Industrial, Agricultural, and Storm Water Permitting Division Bureau of Water

Issue Date: May 27, 2003 Expiration Date: May 31, 2005

Effective Date: July 1, 2003 Permit No.: SC0023264

### Table of Contents

PART I. Definitions

............................................................................................................................... ....................3

PART II. Standard Conditions

............................................................................................................................... ..5

A. Duty to comply

............................................................................................................................... ................5

B. Duty to reapply

............................................................................................................................... ................5

C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense ..................................................................................................5

D. Duty to mitigate

............................................................................................................................... ...............5

E. Proper operation and maintenance ..................................................................................................................5

F. Permit actions

............................................................................................................................... ..................6

G. Property rights

............................................................................................................................... ..................6

H. Duty to provide information ...........................................................................................................................7

I. Inspection and entry

............................................................................................................................... .........7

J. Monitoring and records

............................................................................................................................... ....7

K. Signatory requirement.

............................................................................................................................... .....9

L. Reporting requirements

............................................................................................................................... ..10

M. Bypass

............................................................................................................................... ............................15

N. Upset

............................................................................................................................... ..............................16

O. Misrepresentation of Information .................................................................................................................16 Part III. Limitations and Monitoring Requirements ............................................................................................18

A. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements .....................................................................................18

B. Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements ......................................................................23

C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements .......................................................................................................24

D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements .................................................................................................................24

E. Soil Monitoring Requirements ......................................................................................................................24 Part IV. Schedule of Compliance ............................................................................................................................25 Part V. Other Requirements

............................................................................................................................... ....26

A. Effluent Requirements

............................................................................................................................... ...26

B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Othe r Biological Monitoring Requirements ..................................................27

C. Groundwater Requirements ..........................................................................................................................28

D. Sludge and Other Land Application Requirements ......................................................................................29

E. Other Conditions

............................................................................................................................... ............29

### Part I Page 3 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

PART I. Definitions

Any term not defined in this Part has the definition stated in the Pollution Control Act or in “Water Pollution Control Permits”, R.61-9 or its normal meaning.

A. The “Act”, or CWA, shall refer to the Clean Water Act (Formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act) Public Law 92-500, as amended.

B. The “arithmetic mean” of any set of values is the su mmation of the individual values divided by the number of

individual values.

C. “Bypass” means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility.

D. A “composite sample” shall be defined as one of the following four types:

1. An influent or effluent portion collected continuously over a specified period of time at a rate proportional to

the flow.

2. A combination of not less than 8 infl uent or effluent grab samples collected at regular (equal) intervals over a specified period of time and composited by increasing th e volume of each aliquot in proportion to flow. If continuous flow measurement is not used to compos ite in proportion to flow, the following method will be

used: An instantaneous flow measurement should be take n each time a grab sample is collected. At the end of the sampling period, the instantaneous flow measuremen ts should be summed to obtain a total flow. The instantaneous flow measurement can then be divided by the total flow to determine the percentage of each grab sample to be combined. These combined samples form the composite sample.

3. A combination of not less than 8 influent or effluent grab samples of equal volume but at variable time intervals that are inversely proportional to the volume of the flow. In other words, the time in terval between aliquots is

reduced as the volume of flow increases.

4. If the effluent flow varies by less than 15 percent, a combination of not less than 8 influent or effluent grab samples of constant (equal) volume collected at regular (equal) time intervals over a specified period of time.

All samples shall be properly preserved in accordance with Part II.J.4. Continuous flow or the sum of instantaneous flows measured and averaged for the specified compositi ng time period shall be used with composite results to

calculate mass.

E. “Daily maximum” is the highest av erage value recorded of samples collected on any single day during the calendar

month.

F. “Daily minimum” is the lowest average value recorded of samples collected on any single day during the calendar

month.

G. The “Department” shall refer to the South Carolin a Department of Health and Environmental Control.

### Part I Page 4 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

H. The “geometric mean” of any set of values is the Nth r oot of the product of the individual values where N is equal to the number of individual values. The geometric mean is equivalent to the antilog of the arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual values. For purposes of calcu lating the geometric mean, values of zero (0) shall be considered to be one (1).

I. A “grab sample” is an individual, discrete or single infl uent or effluent portion of at least 100 milliliters collected at a time representative of the discharge and over a period not exceeding 15 minutes and retained separately for analysis. Instantaneous flow measured at the time of grab sample collection shall be used to calculate quantity,

unless a totalizer is used.

J. The “instantaneous maximum or minimum” is the highest or lowest value recorded of all samples collected during

the calendar month.

K. The “monthly average”, other than for fecal coliform, is the arithmetic mean of all samples collected in a calendar month period. The monthly average for fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of all samples collected in a calendar month period. The monthly average loading is the arithmetic average of all individual loading determinations made during the month.

L. The “practical quantitation limit (PQL)” is the concentra tion at which the entire analytical system must give a recognizable signal and acceptable calibration point. It is the concentration in a sample that is equivalent to the concentration of the lowest calibration standard analyzed by a specific analytical procedure, assuming that all the method-specific sample weights, volumes, and processing steps have been followed.

M. “Quarter” is defined as the first three calendar months beginning with the month that this permit becomes effective and each group of three calendar months thereafter.

N. “Quarterly average” is the arithmetic mean of all samples collected in a quarter.

O. “Severe property damage” means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and pe rmanent loss of natural resour ces which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production.

P. “Upset” means an exceptional incident in which th ere is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent cau sed by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of pr eventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation.

Q. “Weekly average”, other than for f ecal coliform, is the arithmetic mean ofall the samples collected during a oneweek period. The weekly average for fecal coliform is the geometric mean of all samples collected during a oneweek period. For self-monitoring purposes, weekly peri ods in a calendar month are defined as three (3) consecutive seven-day intervals starting with the first day of the calendar month and a fourth interval containing seven (7) days plus those days beyond the 28th day in a calendar month. The value to be reported is the single highest of the four (4) weekly aver ages computed during a calendar month. The weekly average loading is the arithmetic average of all individual loading determinations made during the week.

### Part II Page 5 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

PART II. Standard Conditions

A. Duty to comply

The permittee must comply with all conditions of the permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation

of the Clean Water Act and the Pollution Control Ac t and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modifica tion; or denial of a permit renewal application.

1. a. The permittee shall comply with effluent standa rds or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage sludge use or disposal established under section 405(d) of the CWA within th e time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement.

b. It is the responsibility of the permittee to have a treatment facility that will meet the final effluent limitations of this permit. The approval of plans a nd specifications by the Department does not relieve the permittee of responsibility for compliance.

2. Failure to comply with permit conditions or the provisions of this permit may subject the permittee to civil penalties under S.C. Code Section 48-1-330 or crimin al sanctions under S.C. Code Section 48-1-320. Sanctions for violations of the Federal Clean Water Act may be imposed in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR Part 122.41(a)(2) and (3).

3. A person who violates any provision of this permit, a term, condition or schedule of compliance contained within this NPDES permit, or the State law is subject to the actions defined in the State law.

B. Duty to reapply

If the permittee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit. A permittee with a currently effective permit shall submit a new application 180 days before the existing permit e xpires, unless permission for a later date has been granted by the Department. The Departme nt may not grant permission for appli cations to be s ubmitted later than the expiration date of the existing permit.

C. Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense

It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcem ent action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.

D. Duty to mitigate

The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable like lihood of adversely affecting human health or the

environment.

E. Proper operation and maintenance

### Part II Page 6 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

1. The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain in good working order and operate as efficiently as possible all facilities and systems of tr eatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve complia nce with the terms and conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance includes effective performance based on design facility removals, adequate funding, adequate operator staffing and training and also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provi sion requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit.

2. Power Failures. In order to maintain compliance with effluent limitations and prohibitions of this permit, the permittee shall either:

a. provide an alternative power source sufficient to operate the wastewater control facilities;

b. or have a plan of operation wh ich will halt, reduce, or otherwise control production and/or all discharges upon the reduction, loss, or failure of the primary sour ce of power to the wastewater control facilities.

3. The permittee shall maintain at the permitted facility a complete Operations and Maintenance Manual for the waste treatment plant. The manual shall be made available for on-site review during normal working hours. The manual shall contain operation and maintenan ce instructions for all equipment and appurtenances associated with the waste treatment plant and land a pplication system. The manual shall contain a general description of the treatment process(es), operati ng characteristics that will produce maximum treatment efficiency and corrective action to be take n should operating difficulties be encountered.

4. The permittee shall provide for the performance of routine daily treatment plant inspections by a certified operator of the appropriate grade as specified in Part V. The inspection shall include, but is not limited to, areas which require a visual observation to determ ine efficient operations and for which immediate corrective measures can be taken using the O & M manual as a guide. All inspections shall be recorded and shall include the date, time and name of the person making the inspection, corrective measures taken, and routine equipment maintenance, repair, or replacement performed. The permittee shall maintain all records of inspections at the permitte d facility as required by this permit. Records shall be made available for on-site review during normal working hours.

5. The name and grade of the operator of record shall be submitted to DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division prior to placing the facility into operation. A roster of operators associated with the facility's operation and their certification grades shall also be submitted with the name of the “operator-incharge”. Any changes in operator or operators shall be submitted to the Department as they occur.

F. Permit actions

This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or te rminated for cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissu ance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition.

G. Property rights

### Part II Page 7 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort , or any exclusive privilege nor does it authorize any injury to persons or property or inva sion of other private rights, or any in fringement of State or local law or regulations.

H. Duty to provide information

The permittee shall furnish to the Department, within a reasonable time, any information which the Department may request to determine whether cause exists for modi fying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. The pe rmittee shall also furnish to the Department upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.

I. Inspection and entry

The permittee shall allow the Department, or an authori zed representative (including an authorized contractor acting as a representative of the Department), upon presen tation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to:

1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;

2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any record s that must be kept under the conditions of this permit;

3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipm ent (including monitoring and control equipment), practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit; and

4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the pur poses of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act and Pollution Control Act, any substances or parameters at any location.

J. Monitoring and records

1. a. Samples and measurements take n for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity.

b. Flow Measurements

Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods c onsistent with accepted scientific practices shall be present and used to ensure the accuracy and relia bility of measurements of the volume of monitored discharges. The devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements are consistent with the accepted capability of that type of device. Devices selected shall be capable of measuring flows with a maximum deviation of less than

 10% from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expected disc harge volumes. The primary flow device must be accessible to the

use of a continuous flow recorder.

c. The permittee shall maintain at the permitted facility a record of the method(s) used in measuring the discharge flow for the outfall(s) designated on limits pages to monitor flow. Records of any necessary

### Part II Page 8 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

calibrations must also be kept. This information shall be made available for on-site review by Department personnel during normal working hours.

2. Except for records of monitoring information required by this permit related to the permittee's sewage sludge use and disposal activities, which shall be retained for a period of at least five years (or longer as required by R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504), the permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records and a ll original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports require d by this permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for this permit, for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Department at any time.

3. Records of monitoring information shall include:

a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;

b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;

c. The date(s) analyses were performed;

d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses;

e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and

f. The results of such analyses.

4. a. Monitoring results for wastewater must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136, equivalent test pro cedures approved by DHEC’s Division of Laboratory Certification or other test procedures that have been specified in the permit.

In the case of sludge use or disposal, monitoring resu lts must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136, test procedures sp ecified in R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504, equivalent test procedures approved by DHEC’s Division of Laboratory Ce rtification or other test procedures that have been specified in the permit.

b. Unless addressed elsewhere in this permit, the permittee shall use a sufficiently sensitive analytical method that achieves a value below the derived permit limit stated in Part III. If more than one method of analysis is approved for use, the Department r ecommends for reasonable poten tial determinations that the permittee use the method having the lowest practical quantitation limit (PQL) unless otherwise specified in Part V of the permit. For the purposes of reporting analytical data on the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR):

(1) Analytical results below the PQL conducted usi ng a method in accordance with Part II.J.4.a above shall be reported as zero (0). Zero (0) shall al so be used to average results which are below the PQL. When zero (0) is reported or used to av erage results, the permittee shall report, in the

### Part II Page 9 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

“Comment Section” or in an attachment to the DMR, the analytical method used, the PQL achieved, and the number of times results below the PQL were reported as zero (0).

(2) Analytical results above the PQL conducted using a method in accordance with Part II.J.4.a shall be reported as the value achieved. When averaging resu lts using a value containing a “less than,” the average shall be calculated using the value and reported as “less than” the average of all results

collected.

(3) Mass values shall be calculated using the flow taken at the time of the sample and either the concentration value actually achieved or the value as determined from the procedures in (1) or (2) above, as appropriate.

5. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who fals ifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be main tained under this permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by impris onment for not more than 2 years, or both. If a conviction of a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph, punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 4 years, or both.

K. Signatory requirement.

1. All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Department shall be signed and certified.

a. Applications. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:

(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate offi cer. For the purpose of this section, a responsible corporate officer means:

(a) A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-presid ent of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who perfor ms similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation, or

(b) The manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities employing more than 250 persons or having gro ss annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in secondquarter 1980 dollars), if authority to sign docum ents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures.

(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or

(3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency or public facility: By either a principal executive officer, mayor, or other duly authorized employee or ranking elected official. For purposes of this section, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency includes:

(a) The chief executive officer of the agency, or (b) A senior executive officer having responsib ility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator, Region IV, EPA).

### Part II Page 10 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

b. All reports required by permits, a nd other information requested by the Department, shall be signed by a person described in Part II.K.1.a of this section, or by a duly authorized represen tative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative if:

(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Part II.K.1.a of this section;

(2) The authorization specifies either an indivi dual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent, position of equiva lent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named indi vidual or any individual occupying a named position.) and,

(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Department.

c. Changes to authorization. If an authorization unde r Part II.K.1.b of this section is no longer accurate because a different individual or position has res ponsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of Part II.K.1.b of this section must be submitted to the Department prior to or together with any reports , information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative.

d. Certification. Any person signing a document under Part II.K.1.a or b of this section shall make the following certification: “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordan ce with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather a nd evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons dir ectly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for subm itting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.”

2. The CWA provides that any pers on who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or reports of comp liance or non-compliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more th an $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months per violation, or by both.

L. Reporting requirements

1. Planned changes.

The permittee shall give written notice to DHEC/Bureau of Water/Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division as soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:

a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility ma y meet one of the criteria for determining whether a facility is a new source in R 61-9.122.29(b); or

### Part II Page 11 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutants discharged. This notification applie s to pollutants which are subject neither to effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under Part II.L.8 of this section.

c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's sewage sludge or industrial sludge use or disposal practices, and such alteration, addition, or change may justify the application of permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported duri ng the permit application process or not reported pursuant to an approved land application plan (incl uded in the NPDES permit directly or by reference);

2. Anticipated noncompliance.

The permittee shall give advance notice to the DHEC/ Bureau of Water/Water En forcement Division of any planned changes in the permitted facility or activ ity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements.

3. Transfers.

This permit is not transferable to any person except after written notice to the DHEC/Bureau of

Water/NPDES Administration. The De partment may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit to change the name of permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary

under the Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act.

a. Transfers by modification. Except as provided in paragraph b of this section, a permit may be transferred by the permittee to a new owner or operato r only if the permit has been modified or revoked and reissued (under R.61-9.122.62(e)(2)), or a minor modification made (under R.61-9.122.63(d)), to identify the new permittee and incorporate such ot her requirements as may be necessary under CWA.

b. Other transfers. As an alternative to transfers under paragraph a of this s ection, any NPDES permit may be transferred to a new permittee if:

(1) The current permittee notifies the Department at least 30 days in advance of the proposed transfer date in Part II.L.3.b(2) of this section;

(2) The notice includes U.S. EPA NPDES Application Form 1 and a written agreement between the existing and new permittees containing a specific date for transfer of permit responsibility, coverage, and liability between them; and

(3) Permits are non-transferable ex cept with prior consent of the Department. A modification under this section is a minor modification which does not require public notice.

4. Monitoring reports. Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit.

a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discha rge Monitoring Report (DMR) or forms provided or specified by the Department for reporting results of monitoring of sludge use or disposal practices including the following:

### Part II Page 12 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

(1) Effluent Monitoring: Effluent monitoring results obtained at the required frequency shall be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA Form 3320-1). The DMR is due postmarked no later than the 28th day of the month following the end of the monitoring period. One original and one copy of the Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) shall be submitted to:

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control Bureau of Water/Compliance Assurance Division

Permit and Data Administration Section

2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

(2) Groundwater Monitoring: Groundwater monitoring re sults obtained at the required frequency shall be reported on a Groundwater Monitoring Report Form (DHEC 2110) postmar ked no later than the 28th day of the month following th e end of the monitoring period. One original and one copy of the Groundwater Monitoring Report Form (DHEC 2110) shall be submitted to:

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control Bureau of Water/Water Monitoring, Assessment and Protection Division Groundwater Quality Section

2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

(3) Sludge, Biosolids and/or Soil Monitoring: Sludge, biosolids and/or soil m onitoring results obtained at the required frequency shall be reported in a laboratory format postmarked no later than the 28th day of the month following the end of the monitori ng period. Two copies of these results shall be

submitted to:

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control

Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division

Water Pollution Enforcement Section

2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

(4) All other reports required by this permit shall be submitted at the frequency specified elsewhere in the permit to: S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control

Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division

Water Pollution Enforcement Section

2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

b. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequen tly than required by the perm it using test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136 or, in the case of sludge use or disposal, approved under 40 CFR Part 136 unless otherwise specified in R.61-9.503 or R.61-9.504, or as specified in the permit, all valid results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the

### Part II Page 13 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

DMR or sludge reporting form speci fied by the Department. The permittee has sole responsibility for scheduling analyses, other than for the sample data specifi ed in Part V, so as to ensure there is sufficient opportunity to complete and report the required number of valid results for each monitoring period.

c. Calculations for all limitations which require averag ing of measurements shall utilize an arithmetic mean unless otherwise specified by the Department in the permit.

5. Twenty-four hour reporting

a. The permittee shall report any non-compliance, whic h may endanger health or the environment. Any information shall be provided orally to local DHE C office within 24 hours from the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances. During normal working hours call:

County EQC District Phone No.

Anderson

Oconee Appalachia I 864-260-5569

Greenville

Pickens Appalachia II 864-241-1090

Cherokee, Spartanburg

Union Appalachia III 864-596-3800

Chester, Lancaster

York Catawba 803-285-7461

Fairfield, Lexington Newberry, Richland Central Midlands 803-896-0620

Beaufort, Colleton Hampton, Jasper Low Country 843-846-1030

Aiken, Allendale, Bamberg, Barnwell, Calhoun, Orangeburg Lower Savannah 803-641-7670

Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion, Marlboro Pee Dee 843-661-4825

Berkeley, Charleston

Dorchester Trident 843-740-1590

Abbeville, Edgefield,

Greenwood Laurens, McCormick, Saluda Upper Savannah 864-223-0333

Georgetown, Horry Williamsburg Waccamaw 843-448-1902

Clarendon, Kershaw Lee, Sumter Wateree 803-778-1531

After-hour reporting should be made to the 24-Hour Emergency Response telephone number 803-253-

6488 or 1-888-481-0125 outside of the Columbia area. A written submission shall also be provided within 5 days of the time the permittee becomes awar e of the circumstances to the address in Part II.L.4.a(4). The written submission shall contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been

### Part II Page 14 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.

b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under this paragraph.

(1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. (See R.61- 9.122.44(g)).

(2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.

(3) Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the Department in the permit to be reported within 24 hours (S ee R 61-9.122.44(g)). If the permit contains maximum limitations for any of the pollutants listed below, a violation of the maximum limitations shall be reported orally to the DHEC/Bureau of Water/Wa ter Enforcement Division within 24 hours or the next business day.

(a) Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET), (b) fecal coliform, (c) tributyl tin (TBT), and (d) any of the following bioaccumulative pollutants:

α BHC β BHC

δ BHC

BHC

Chlordane

DDD

DDE

DDT

Dieldrin

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexachlorobutadiene Lindane Mercury

Mirex Octachlorostyrene

PCBs

Pentachlorobenzene

Photomirex 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxaphene

c. The Department may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis for reports under Part II.L.5.b of this section if the oral report has been received within 24 hours.

6. Other noncompliance.

The permittee shall report all instances of noncomplian ce not reported under Part II.L.4 and 5 of this section and Part IV at the time monitoring reports are submitted. The reports shall contain the information listed in

Part II.L.5 of this section.

7. Other information.

Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to s ubmit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the Department, it shall promptly submit such facts or information to the Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division. This

### Part II Page 15 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

information may result in permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination in accordance with Regulation 61-9.

8. Existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural dischargers.

In addition to the reporting requirements under Part II.L.1 of this section, all existing manufacturing, commercial, mining, and silvicultural discharger s must notify the DHEC/Bureau of Water/Water Enforcement Division of the Department as soon as they know or have reason to believe:

a. That any activity has occurred or will occur which w ould result in the discharge on a routine or frequent basis, of any toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed the highest of the following “notification levels”:

(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 μg/l);

(2) Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 μg/l) for acrolein and acrylonitrile; five hundred micrograms per liter (500 μg/l) for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; and one milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for antimony;

(3) Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for that pollutant in the permit application;

or

(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with section R.61-9.122.44(f).

b. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result in any discharge, on a non-routine or infrequent basis, of a toxic pollutant which is not lim ited in the permit, if that discharge will exceed in the highest of the following notification levels:

(1) Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 μg/l);

(2) One milligram per liter (1 mg/l) for antimony;

(3) Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value re ported for that pollutant in the permit application in accordance with R.61-9.122.21(g)(7).

(4) The level established by the Department in accordance with section R.61-9.122.44(f).

M. Bypass

1. Bypass not exceeding limitations. The permittee ma y allow any bypass to occur which does not cause

effluent limitations to be exceeded but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Part II.M.2 and 3 of this section.

2. Notice.

a. Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in adva nce of the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice, if possible, at least ten days before th e date of the bypass to th e DHEC/Bureau of Water/ Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division.

### Part II Page 16 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

b. Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit noti ce of an unanticipated bypass as required in Part

II.L.5 of this section.

3. Prohibition of bypass

a. Bypass is prohibited, and the Department may take enforcement action against a permittee for bypass,

unless:

(1) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage;

(2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance dur ing normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and

(3) The permittee submitted notices as required under Part II.M.2 of this section.

b. The Department may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if the Department determines that it will meet the three cond itions listed above in Part II.M.3.a of this section.

N. Upset

1. Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirm ative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such technology based permit effluent limitations if the re quirements of Part II.N.2 of this section are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review.

2. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset. A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall demonstrate, through properl y signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other

relevant evidence that:

a. An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the cause(s) of the upset;

b. The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated; and

c. The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Part II.L.5.b(2) of this section.

d. The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Part II.D of this section.

3. Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding, th e permittee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of proof.

O. Misrepresentation of Information

### Part II Page 17 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Any person making application for a NPDES discharg e permit or filing any record, report, or other document pursuant to a regulation of the Department, sh all certify that all information contained in such document is true. All application facts certified to by the applicant shall be considered valid conditions of the permit issued pursuant to the application.

2. Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report, or other documents filed with the Depa rtment pursuant to the State law, and the rules and regulations pursuant to that law, shall be deemed to have violated a permit condition and shall be subject to the penalties provided for pursuant to 48-1-320 or 48-1-330.

### Part III Page 18 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264Part III. Limitations and Monitoring RequirementsA. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements1. During the period beginning on the effectivedateof this permit and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee is authorized to discharge fromoutfall serialnumber02A: Sanitary wastewater and utility water.a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:DISCHARGELIMITATIONSMass (lbs/day)Concentration (mg/l)MONITORINGREQUIREMENTSEFFLUENTCHARACTERISTICSMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumSamplingFrequencySample TypeFlowMR1, MGDMR1, MGD--DailyContinuous2pH--Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su31/WeekGrabBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)0.581.2MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)0.921.8MRMR1/Week24 Hr. Composite1MR: Monitor and Report2See Part II.J.13See Part I.J.b.Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following location(s): aftertreatment but prior to mixing with the receivingstream.2. During the period beginning on the effectivedateof this permit and lasting through the expiration dateor the initiation of an alternate tier (See PartV.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serialnumber02B designated as T21: Sanitary and process wastewater.

### Part III Page 19 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:DISCHARGELIMITATIONSMass (lbs/day)Concentration (mg/l)MONITORINGREQUIREMENTSEFFLUENTCHARACTERISTICSMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumSamplingFrequencySample TypeFlowMR1, MGDMR1, MGD--DailyContinuous2pH--Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su31/WeekGrabBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)3466MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeChemical Oxygen Demand (COD)543843MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)104232MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositePhenols0.881.8MRMR1/WeekGrabSulfide1.83.5MRMR1/WeekGrabTotal Chromium0.881.8MRMR1/Week24 Hr. Composite1MR: Monitor and Report2See Part II.J.13See Part I.J.b.Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following location(s): aftertreatment but prior to mixing with the receivingstream.3. During the period beginning on the initiation of Tier II production (see Part V.E.4)and lasting through the expiration date of the permit or theinitiation of an alternate tier ofproduction (see Part V.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serialnumber02B designated as T22:Sanitary and process wastewater.a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:

### Part III Page 20 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264DISCHARGELIMITATIONSMass (lbs/day)Concentration (mg/l)MONITORINGREQUIREMENTSEFFLUENTCHARACTERISTICSMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumSamplingFrequencySample TypeFlowMR1, MGDMR1, MGD--DailyContinuous2pH--Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su31/WeekGrabBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)4686MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeChemical Oxygen Demand (COD)7231122MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)138309MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositePhenols1.22.3MRMR1/WeekGrabSulfide2.34.7MRMR1/WeekGrabTotal Chromium1.22.3MRMR1/Week24 Hr. Composite1MR: Monitor and Report2See Part II.J.13See Part I.J.b.Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following location(s): aftertreatment but prior to mixing with the receivingstream.4. During the period beginning on the initiation of Tier III production (see Part V.E.4)and lasting through the expiration date of the permit or theinitiation of an alternate tier ofproduction (see Part V.E.4), the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serialnumber02B designated as T23:Sanitary and process wastewater.a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:

### Part III Page 21 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264DISCHARGELIMITATIONSMass (lbs/day)Concentration (mg/l)MONITORINGREQUIREMENTSEFFLUENTCHARACTERISTICSMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumSamplingFrequencySample TypeFlowMR1, MGDMR1, MGD--DailyContinuous2pH--Min 6.0 su, Max 9.0 su31/WeekGrabBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)54103MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeChemical Oxygen Demand (COD)8491316MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)150337MRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositePhenols1.42.9MRMR1/WeekGrabSulfide2.95.7MRMR1/WeekGrabTotal Chromium1.42.9MRMR1/Week24 Hr. Composite1MR: Monitor and Report2See Part II.J.13See Part I.J.b.Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following location(s): aftertreatment but prior to mixing with the receivingstream.5. During the period beginning on the effectivedateof this permit and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee is authorized to discharge fromoutfall serial number 002: Process and sanitary wastewater and utility water.a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:

### Part III Page 22 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264DISCHARGELIMITATIONSMass (lbs/day)Concentration (mg/l)MONITORINGREQUIREMENTSEFFLUENTCHARACTERISTICSMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumMonthlyAverageDailyMaximumSamplingFrequencySample TypeFlowMR1, MGDMR1, MGD--DailyContinuous2Dissolved Oxygen (DO)--2.0 mg/l Minimum at all times1/WeekGrabFecal Coliform--200/100 ml400/100 ml1/WeekGrabTotal Residual Chlorine (TRC)--0.51.01/WeekGrabBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)MRMRMRMR1/Week24 Hr. CompositeAmmonia Nitrogen (NH3-N)--481/Week24 Hr. CompositeUltimate Oxygen Demand (UOD)88031600--1/WeekCalculated8Color(Upstream of Discharge)4---MR1/MonthGrabColor (Discharge)---MR1/MonthGrabColor (Downstream of Discharge)5---MR1/MonthGrabColor (Difference)6---MR1/MonthCalculated6Total PhosphorusMR-MR-1/Month24 Hr. CompositeTotal Mercury7--MRMR1/MonthGrab1MR: Monitor and Report2See Part II.J.13See Part I.J.4The ambient upstream sample point is defined as a point upstreamof the discharge away from any possible effect of this or anyother dischargers.5The downstream sample point is defined as the nearest assessable point downstream of the discharge.6The difference between the upstream sample and the downstream sample results.7See Part V.A.3.8See Part V.A.5.b. Samples taken in compliance with the monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at the following location(s): aftertreatment but prior to mixing with the receivingstream.

### Part III Page 23 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

B. Effluent Toxicity Limitations and Monitoring Requirements

1. During the period beginning on the effective date and lasting through the expiration date, the permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall serial number 002: Process and sanitary wastewater and utility water.

a. Such discharge shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:

DISCHARGE

LIMITATIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

Quarterly Average 1 Maximum 1 Measurement Frequency Sample Type

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity @ CTC = 1.6% MR % 2 MR % 2 3/quarter 3 24 hour composite

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity-Reproduction @ CTC = 1.6% MR % 2 MR % 2 3/quarter 3 24 hour composite

Ceriodaphnia dubia Chronic Whole Effluent Toxicity- 7-day Survival @ CTC = 1.6% MR % 2 MR % 2 3/quarter 3 24 hour composite

1 Quarterly average is defined as the mean of percent effects for all valid tests performed during the monitoring period followin g the procedures given in Part V.B.2 .d. Maximum is defined as the highest percent effect of all valid tests performed during the monitoring period following the procedures in Part V.B.2 .d.

2 See Part V.B.2 for additional toxicity reporting requirements. MR = Monitor and Report.

3 Valid tests must be separated by at least 13 days (from the time the first sample is taken to start one test until the time the first sample is taken to start a different test). There is no restriction on when a new test may begin following a failed or invalid test.



### b. Samples used to demonstrate compliance with the discharge limitations and monitoring requirements specified above shall be taken at or near the fi nal point-of-discharge but, prior to mixing with the receiving waters or other waste streams.

c. If only one valid test is conducted during a quarter , results from that test must be used to assess compliance with the quarterly average limit as well as th e maximum limit. If more than one valid test is completed during the quarter, the mean percent inhibiti on of all valid tests must be used to demonstrate compliance with the quarterly average limit.

d. Valid test results from split samples shall be re ported on the DMR. For reporting an average on the DMR, individual valid results for each test from a sp lit sample are averaged first to determine a sample value. That value is averaged with other sample results obtained in the reporting period and the average of all sample results reported. For reporting the ma ximum on the DMR, individual valid results for each test from a split sample are averaged first to determin e a sample value. That value is compared to other sample results obtained in the reporting period and th e maximum of all sample results reported. For the purposes of reporting, split samples are reported as a single sample regardless of the number of times it is split. All laboratories used shall be identified on the DMR attachment.

### Part III Page 24 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

C. Groundwater Monitoring Requirements

Not applicable to this permit.

D. Sludge Monitoring Requirements

Not applicable to this permit.

E. Soil Monitoring Requirements

Not applicable to this permit.

### Part IV Page 25 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264 Part IV. Schedule of Compliance

A. Schedule(s)

Not applicable to this permit.

B. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or any progress reports on, interim and final requirements contained in any compliance schedule of this permit shall be submitted no later than 10 days following each

scheduled date.

### Part V Page 26 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

Part V. Other Requirements

A. Effluent Requirements

1. There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visi ble foam in other than trace amounts, nor shall the effluent cause a visible sheen on the receiving waters.

2. The American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI) Tr istimulus Filter Method, as outlined in Standard Methods, latest revision, shall be used in measuring the color levels. Prior to determining the color, turbidity should be removed by filtration through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 microns. The filter used must be the non-wetted variety. The Department may reopen the permit anytime during the duration of this permit to include color limitations if the color of the discharge is a concern to the public and

environment.

3. The practical quantitation limit (PQL) using the analyti cal methods stated below shall be used for sampling and reporting results for mercury.

Analytical Methods PQL

EPA 1669/1631E 0.0005 μ g/l

The permittee must either become certified to pe rform mercury sampling in accordance with Method 1669 or utilize a laboratory or other entity that is or b ecomes certified to sample for mercury using Method 1669.

This permit may be reopened to eliminate monitoring requirements if the discharge is determined not to cause, contribute or have the reasonable potential to cause an instream water quality violation or to include limitations if the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation for mercury. The permittee shall use the re sults obtained from mercury sampling to make this determination. An evaluation may be performed afte r each sample using the guidelines established in the permit rationale. At any time the discharge is determined not to cause, contribute or have the reasonable potential to cause an instream excursion from the cumulative data set, the permittee may submit a written request to the following address requesting mercury monitoring be discontinued.

S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control Bureau of Water/Industrial, Agricultural and Storm Water Permitting Division

2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201

Upon Departmental concurrence, a new DMR will be sent to the permittee with no mercury monitoring included. If the discharge causes, has the reasonable poten tial to cause or contributes to an instream water quality violation for mercury based on one year of da ta, the permit may be reopened to include additional requirements and/or limitations on mercury.

4. Unless authorized elsewhere in this Permit, the pe rmittee must meet the following requirements concerning maintenance chemicals for the following waste st reams: once-through noncontact cooling water, recirculated cooling water, boiler blowdown water, and air washer water. Maintenance chemicals shall be defined as any man-induced additives to the above-referenced waste streams.

### Part V Page 27 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

a. Detectable amounts of any of the one hundred and tw enty-six priority pollutants is prohibited in the discharge, if the pollutants are present due to the use of maintenance chemicals.

b. Slimicides, algicides and biocides are to be used in accordance with regist ration requirements of the Federal Insecticides, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.

c. The use of maintenance chemicals containing bis(tributyltin) oxide is prohibited.

d. Any maintenance chemicals added to the above-refe renced waste streams must degrade rapidly, either due to hydrolytic decomposition or biodegradation.

e. Discharges of maintenance chemicals added to wa ste streams must be limited to concentrations which protect indigenous aquatic populations in the receiving stream.

f. The permittee must keep sufficient documentation on- site that would show that the above requirements are being met. The information shall be made av ailable for on-site review by Department personnel during normal working hours.

g. The occurrence of instream problems may necessitate the submittal of chemical additive data and permit modification to include additional monitoring and limitations.

5. Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD) is the oxygen cons umed by aquatic microbes in metabolizing the remaining organic and nitrogenous matter in the effluent from the permittee's wastewater treatment plant. This demand is expressed in pounds per day and is calculated as follows:

UOD = [BOD 5 

### * (f-ratio)} + (NH3-N * 4.57)] * Flow * 8.34

where UOD = Ultimate Oxygen Demand (lbs/d)

BOD 5 

### = Biochemical Oxygen Demand - five-day (mg/l) (BOD 5 

### from Outfall 002)

f-ratio = 3

NH 3 

### -N = Ammonia as nitrogen (mg/l) Flow = effluent flow (MGD)

Please note that to meet the definition of monthly average, UOD should be calculated using individual BOD and ammonia concentrations with the corresponding flow and then the individual UOD values averaged.

B. Whole Effluent Toxicity and Ot her Biological Monitoring Requirements

1. Acute Toxicity

Not applicable to this permit.

### Part V Page 28 of 29

Perm it No. SC0023264

2. Chronic Toxicity (For the lim its identified in Part III.B.1):

a. A Ceriodaphnia dubia three brood chronic toxicity test shall be conducted at the frequency stated in P a rt III.B, “Effluent Toxicity Lim itations a nd Monitoring Requirem e nts,” using the CTC of 1.6 % and the

f o llowing test concentrations: 0% ( control ), 1%, 1.6%, 5%, 11% and 25% effluent. The perm ittee m a y add additional test concentrations without prior author ization from the Departm e nt provided that the test begins with at least 10 replicates in each concen tration and all data is used to determ ine perm it

com p liance.

b. The test shall be conducted using EPA Method 1002.0 in accordance with “Short-Term Methods for

Estim ating Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Recei ving W a ters to Freshwat er Organism s,” EPA / 821/R

02/013 (October 2002).

c. The perm ittee shall use the 3-param e ter logistic regression (3PLR) m odel assum i ng a binom ial

distribution for survival and a Poisson distribution for reproduction as recom m e nded in the DHEC

Bureau of W a ter docum ent entitled “Options f o r Data Analysis of W hole Ef f l uent Toxicity Testing Required by NPDES Perm its,” Septem ber 2001 for calcula ting biological effect (percent inhibition) at the applicable CTC.

d. Pe r c e n t e ffe c t i s t h e di ffe r e nce between control and test group perform a nce expressed as a percentage of

control group perform a nce, or 100 )*

e performanc group control e performanc group test

- (1 = effect % , where perform a nce is

survival or reproduction. The perm ittee shall report the percent effect on both Ceriodaphnia dubia survival and reproduction at the CTC. Overall percen t effect is the greater of the percent effect on survival and reproduction.

e. A test shall be invalidated if any part of Me thod 1002.0 is not followed or if the laboratory is not

certified at the tim e the test is conducted.

f. Al l va l i d t oxi c i t y t e st r e sul t s shall be subm itted on the DHEC Form 3710 entitled “DMR Attachm e nt for Toxicity Test Results” in accordance with Part II.L.4. In addition, results from all invalid tests m u st be appended to DMRs, including lab control data. Th e perm ittee has sole responsibility for scheduling toxicity tests so as to ensure there is sufficient opportunity to com p lete and report the required num ber of

valid test results for each m onitoring period.

g. This perm it m a y be m odified based on new inform a tion that supports a m odif i cation in accordance w ith Regulation 61-9.122.62 and Regulation 61-68.D.

3. Instream Macroinvertebrate Assessm ent

Not applicable to this perm it.

C. Groundwater Requirem e nts

Not applicable to this perm it.

### Part V Page 29 of 29

Permit No. SC0023264

D. Sludge and Other Land Application Requirements

Solid wastes and sludges shall be disposed of at the Richland County Landfill (# 402401-1101) in accordance with the agreement/approval letter from the landfill dated June 10,2002 . Written approval from the Department must be obtained prior to disposal of other sludges or use of other sludge disposal methods.

E. Other Conditions

1. The permittee shall maintain an all weather access road to the wastewater treatment plant, land application areas, and appurtenances at all times.

2. The wastewater treatment plant sh all be assigned a classification of Group II in the Permit to Construct which is issued by the Department. This cl assification corresponds to an operator with a Grade of CBiological

.

3. The permittee shall monitor all parameters consistent with conditions established by this permit on the 2 nd


### Thursday of every calendar month, unless otherwise approved by this Department. Additional monitoring, as necessary to meet the frequency requirements of this permit shall be performed by the permittee.

4. In accordance with Regulation 61-9.122.45(b)(2)(ii)(B):

a. The permittee must notify the Department at leas t two business days prior to a month in which the permittee expects to operate at a level higher than th e lowest production level identified in the permit. The written notice shall specify the anticipated level and the period during which the permittee expects to operate at the alternate level. If the notice c overs more than one month, the notice shall specify the reasons for the anticipated production level increase. New notice of discharge at alternate levels is required to cover a period or production level not c overed by prior notice or, if during two consecutive months otherwise covered by a notice, the production level at the permitted facility does not in fact meet the higher level designated in the notice. The notice shall be submitted to the address stated in Part II.L.4.A(4).

b. The permittee shall comply with the limitations, standa rds, or prohibitions that correspond to the lowest level of production specified in the permit, unless the permittee has notified the Department under Part

V.E. 1 .a of this section, in which case the permittee sha ll comply with the lower of the actual level of production during each month or the level specified in the notice.

c. The permittee shall submit with the DMR the leve l of production that actually occurred during each month and the limitations, standards, or prohibitions applicable to that level of production.

Tier Production Range (lbs/day) Production Midpoint (lbs/day)

I 15,600 – 20,499 17,600

II 20,500 – 26,049 23,400

III 26, 050 – 30,499 28,700Rationale Page 1 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

RATIONALE

Perm itting Engineer: Melanie K. Kastler August 5, 2003

Nam e of Facility : Kawashim a Textile USA, Inc. Primary Industry Categories

A dhes i ves and s ealants

A l um inum form ing

Auto and other laundries Battery manufacturing Coal mining Coil coating Copper forming Electrical and electronic components Electroplating Explosives manufacturing

Foundries

Gum and wood chemicals Inorganic chemicals manufacturing Iron and steel manufacturing Leather tanning and finishing Mechanical products manufacturing Nonferrous metal manufacturing Ore mining Organic chem icals m a nufacturing

Paint and ink formulation

Pesticides Petroleum refining

P h arm aceutical preparations Photographic equipment and supplies Plastics processing Plastic and sy nthetic materials manufacturing

P o rcelain enam eling Printing and publishing Pulp and paper m ills Rubber processing Soap and detergent manufacturing

S t eam electric power plants

Textile Mills Timber Products Processing NPDES Perm it No.:SC0023264 Facility Rating: Major (EPA review required)

M i n o r (EPA review m a y be required; see below)

Facility Location: Lugoff, South Carolina. County : Kershaw Watershed: Basin 03 (Catawba-Santee River Basin)

Perm it based on NPDES Perm it Application: 2D/2E Application Received Date: 11/27/02

Issuance (New) Reissuance Modification

If this application is for a new or e xpansion of an existing facility , an antidegradation review m a y be require d per the requirem e nts of R.61-68.D.

Facility Description (include SIC code ): This facility perform s dy ing and finishing. Discharges consist of sanitary and utility wastewater through internal outfall 02A and process and sanitary thr ough internal outfall 02B. Outfall 002 is

the final outfall. SIC Code is 2261

→ Is an y discharge subject to any of the Prim ary Industry Categories identified in R.61-9.122, Appendix A as listed at right? Yes (If y es, EPA review required.) Indicate category ( ies) applicable and Regulations governing the discharge:

Textiles

Receiving Water: Wateree River Receiving Water Classification (see R.61-69 for water classifications): Fresh

Water

→ Does this discharge(s) have the potential to affect waters in another state? No (If y es, EPA review required.)

Is the discharge to Im paired Waters? : Yes If Yes, list the m onitoring station num ber and param e ter(s) cau sing im pairm e nt: CW-019 is on the 303(d) List for dissolved

oxy gen and fecal coliform and the Wateree River is on the 303( d) List for m e rcury

. Also, downstream Lake Marion is

im paired for phosphorus.

→ Average Discharge Flow: ( Q d ) (MGD): 0.6 (highest flow from perm it application) (EPA review required for any average discharge exceeding 0.5 MGD)

→ Is this perm it for a Federal facility with a daily average fl ow greater than 0.05 MGD (from all sources)? No (If y es, EPA review required.)

Stream Data from Wasteload Allocation dated (3/21/03)Rationale Page 2 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Receiving Stream Flow Data cfs MGD

7Q10 at discharge point ( Q 7Q10 ) 508.000 327.742

Average Annual Flow at discharge point ( AAF
d ) 6168.800 3979.871

Is the discharge above a drinking water intake? Yes, Intake #S08104, Santee Coope r Regional, Lake Moultrie Map showing the SWP area and the discharge point included: No

Source Water Protection Stream Flow Data cfs MGD

7Q10 at source water protection area boundary ( Q 7Q10i ) 2320.000 1496.770

Average Annual Flow at source water protection area boundary ( AAF
i ) 14684.000 9473.550

NPDES permit application information (inc luding all subsequent data presented) fro m has been used to evaluate permit limitations. Data from Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) has not been used as this Kawashima bought out Wateree Textiles (previous owner) whom also performed dying and finishing.

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

A. The effluent from this facility may be subject to the re quirements of any of the following regulations: R.61-9.125, 129, 133, and 403; 40 CFR Part 136; Subchapter N (40 CFR Parts 400 through 402 and 404 through 471); R.61-9.503,

R.61-9.504 and R.61-9.505.

B. Authority: This permit is written in accordance with app licable laws and regulations including, but not limited to, Regulation 61-9, Regulation 61-68, Polluti on Control Act and Clean Water Act.

C. Under R.61-9.124.8 (Fact Sheet), a fact sheet shall be prepared for every draft permit for a major NPDES fac ility or activity, for every Class I sludge management facility, for ev ery NPDES draft permit that incorporates a variance or requires an explanation under section 124.56( b), and for every draft permit which the Department finds is the subject of wide-spread public interest or raises major issues. The Rationale will be included as an attachment to the Fact Sheet prepared under this regulation.

D. The conclusions noted in the Rationale establish proposed effluent limitations and permit requirements addressed in R.61-9.122.43 (Establishing Permit Conditions), R.61-9.122.44 (Establishing Limitations, Standards and other permit conditions) and other appropr iate sections of R.61-9.

II. RATIONALE GUIDANCE PROCEDURES

A. The receiving stream 7Q10, annual average stream flow at the discharge point, and 7Q10 and annual average stream flow at the boundary of the source water protection area above a proposed or existing drinking water intake (if applicable) are determined by the SCDHEC’s Wasteload A llocation Section. The 7Q10 and Annual Average Flow are based on information published or verified by the USGS or an estimate extrapolation from published or verified USGS data. These flows may be adjusted by the Wasteload Allo cation Section to account for existing water withdrawals that impact the stream flow. The 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) and annual average flow at the discharge point or 7Q10 (or 30Q5 if provided by the applicant) and annual average flow at the boundary of the SWP area for a proposed or existing drinking water intake will be used to determine dilution factors, as appropriate, in accordance with R.61-68.C.4.a & 4.b for aquatic life, human h ealth, and organoleptic effects respectively.

B. Water and organism consumption a nd drinking water MCL data will be ev aluated as human health values when calculating dilution factors. “The Department may, after Notice of Intent included in a notice of a proposed NPDES permit in accordance with Regulation 61-9.124.10, determine that drinking water MCLs or W/O shall not apply to discharges to those waterbodies where there is: no potential to affect an existing or proposed drinking water sourceRationale Page 3 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

and no state-approved source water protection area.” Fo r permitting purposes, a proposed drinking water source is one for which a complete permit application, including plan s and specifications for the intake, is on file with the Department at the time of consideration of an NPDES perm it application for a discharge that will affect or has the potential to affect the drinking water source.” See R.61- 68.E.12.c(5). The Department defines the source water protection (SWP) area to be the primary SWP area delineated by the Source-Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program initiated by the EPA and required by th e states to identify SWP areas to protect drinking water sources. Using the procedure described in the documen t entitled, “Determination of the Primary and Secondary

Source-Water Protection Areas for Selected Surface-Water Public-Supply Systems in South Carolina, 1999,” USGS Water Resource Investigations Report 00-4097, the primary SWP area for a drinking water intake is the area which encompasses all 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) basins that adjoin streams, tributaries, and reservoirs between an intake and the upstream 10-percent exceedance, 24-hour travel distance (TOT 10 ). The entire basin above a drinking water intake has been designated as the SW P area where the drainage area is equal to or less than one HUC basin or is

estimated to have less than 24-hours of instream travel tim e between the intake and the HUC basin in the headwaters of the drainage basin.

C. Application of numeric criteria to protect human hea lth: If separate numeric criteria are given for organism consumption, water and organism c onsumption (W/O), and drinking water Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), they shall be applied as appropriate. The most stringent of the criteria shall be applied to protect the existing and classified uses of the waters of the State. See R.61-68.E.12.b(1).

D. Numeric criteria have been established in R.61-68 based on organoleptic data (prevention of undesirable taste and odor). For those substances which have aquatic life a nd/or human health numeric criteria and organoleptic numeric criteria, the most stringent of the three shall be used for derivation of permit effluent limitations. See

R.61-68.E.11.

E. Sampling Frequency: Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity. Monitoring results must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136, unless other test procedures have been specified in the permit (R.61-9.122.41). Typically requirements to report monitoring results shall be est ablished on a case-by-case basis with a frequency dependent on the nature and effect of the discharge but in no case less than once a year (R.61-9.122.44)

F. Compliance Schedules:

1. A person issued an NPDES permit by the Department who is not in compliance with applicable effluent standards and limitations or other requirements contained therein at th e time the permit is issued, shall be required to achieve compliance within a period of time as set forth by the Depa rtment, with effluent standa rds and limitations, with water quality standards, or with specific requirements or conditions set by the Department. The Department shall require compliance with terms and conditions of the permit in the s hortest reasonable period of time as determined thereby or within a time schedule for compliance which sh all be specified in the issued permit.

2. If a time schedule for compliance specified in an NPD ES permit which is established by the Department, exceeds nine (9) months, the time schedule shall provide for inte rim dates of achievement for compliance with certain applicable terms and conditions of the permit. (R.61-9.122.47)



## G. Procedure for establishing effluent limitations:

1. Effluent limits (mass and concentration) fo r Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ), Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Tot al Ammonia Nitrogen (as N), and Nutrients are established by the Wasteload Allocation (WLA) Section, with consideration given to technology-basedRationale Page 4 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

limitations.

a. Five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD 5 , Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO):

Effluent limits for conventional oxygen demanding constituents (BOD 5 , UOD and DO) are established to protect in-stream water quality and uses, while utilizing a portion of the assimilative capacity of the receiving water. The ability of a water body to assimilate oxygen-demanding substances is a function of its physical and chem ical characteristics above and below the discharge point. Various mathematical techniques, called models, have been developed to estimate this capacity. The Department follows the procedures as outlined in the “State/EPA Region IV Agreement on the Development of Wasteload Allocations/Total Maximum Daily Loads and NPDES Permit Limitations” dated October 30, 1991 (as updated) for determining the assimilative capacity of a given water body. Mathematical models su ch as QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS are used in accordance with “Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: Documentation and Users Manual” (EPA/600/3-87/007; dated May 1987) as updated. BOD 5 and UOD values determined from modeling results will be used in permitting as monthly average derived limits (C wla ). Daily maximum derived limits will be determined by multiplying the monthly average value by two.

For facilities subject to effluent guidelines limitations or other technology-based limitations, BOD 5 will also be evaluated in accordance with the applicable industrial categorical guidelines. These parameters will be identified in Part III of this rationale when they are applicable to the permit.

b. Total Ammonia Nitrogen (as N):

Ammonia limitations based on oxygen demand will be determined from modeling information as

described above. These values will be used as monthly average derived limits and a daily maximum will be determined by multiplying the monthly average derived limit by two. These values will be compared with the ammonia water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life from Regulation 61-68, Attachment 3 and any categorical limitations. The more stringent of the limitations will be imposed. Calculations for aquatic life criteria and other wasteload recommendations will be shown later in Part III of this rationale when ammonia is a pollutant of

concern.

c. Discharges of Nutrients:

In order to protect and maintain lakes and other waters of the State, consideration is given to the control of nutrients reaching the waters of the State. Therefore, in accordance with regulation R.61-68.E.9

, the Department controls the nutrients as prescribed below. Nutrient limitations will be determined from the best available information and/or modeling performed by the Wasteload Allocation Section to meet these water quality standards.

i. Discharges of nutrients from all sour ces, including point and nonpoint, to waters of the State shall be prohibited or limited if the discharge would result in or if the wate rs experience growths of microscopic or macroscopic vegetation such that the water quality standards would be viol ated or the existing or classified uses of the waters would be impaired. Loading of nutrients shall be addressed on an individual basis as necessary to ensure compliance with the narrative and numeric criteria.

ii. Numeric nutrient criteria for lakes are based on an ecoregional approach wh ich takes into acc ount the geographic

location of the lakes within the State and are listed belo w. These numeric criteria are applicable to lakes of 40

acres or more. Lakes of less than 40 acres will con tinue to be protected by the narrative criteria.Rationale Page 5 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

1. for the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.02 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 10 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 0.35 mg/l

2. for the Piedmont and Southeastern Plains ecore gions of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.06 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l

3. for the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plains ecoregion of the State, total phosphorus shall not exceed 0.09 mg/l, chlorophyll a shall not exceed 40 ug/l, and total nitrogen shall not exceed 1.50 mg/l.

iii. In evaluating the effects of nutrien ts upon the quality of lakes and other waters of the State, the Department may consider, but not be limited to, such factors as the hy drology and morphometry of the waterbody, the existing and projected trophic state, characteristics of the loadings, and other control mechanisms in order to protect the existing and classified uses of the waters.

iv. The Department shall take appropriate action, to include, but not limited to: establishing numeric effluent limitations in permits, establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads, establishing waste load allocations, and establishing load allocations for nutrients to ensure that the lakes attain and maintain the above narrative and numeric criteria and other appli cable water quality standards.

v. The criteria specific to lakes shall be applicable to all portions of the lake. For this purpose, the Department shall define the applicable area to be that area covered when measured at full pool elevation.



## 2. Effluent concentration limits ( C efflim 

## ) for parameters other than the parameters listed in G.1.a-c above are established using the following procedures:

Q 7Q10 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the dischar ge point in mgd. (may require adjustment for withdrawals)

AAF
d Average Annual Flow (AAF) of the receiving stream at the discharge point in mgd. (may require adjustment for withdrawals)
Q 7Q10i 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the SWP Area boundary in mgd.

AAF
i Average Annual Flow (AAF) of the receiving stream at the SWP Area boundary in mgd.
Q
d

Long term average discharge flow in mgd.

a. Determine dilution factors: The following information is to be used (where applicabl e) for establishing effl uent concentration limits:

DF 1 : Dilution factor based on 7Q10 of the receiving stream at the discharge point ( Q 7Q10 ). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following aquatic
life and human health concerns for the reasons indicated:

i. Aquatic Life (see R.61-68.C.4.a(1)). Protection of aquatic life on a short-term basis is needed at the point where aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge.

ii. Human Health – Organism Consumption for parameters identified as noncarcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for human health on a short-term basis for consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic organisms become exposed to the discharge.Rationale Page 6 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264



### ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ +

=

d d Q 

### Q Q Q DF 10 7

1

DF 2 : Dilution factor, at the discharge point, based on the Average Annual Flow of the receiving stream at the discharge point ( AAF d ) . This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following human health and organoleptic concerns for the r e a s o n s indicated:

i. Human Health – Organism Consumption for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for human health on a long-term basis to prevent

cancer due to consumption of aquatic organisms is needed at the point the aquatic organisms become exposed to the disc harge where it enters the stream.

ii. Organoleptic effects per R.61-68.C.4.b(1). Protection for taste and odor issues related to the discharge is needed at the point where the discharge enters the stream.



### ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ +

=

d d d 

### Q Q AAF DF 2

DF 3 : Dilution factor based on the 7Q10 at the source water protection area boundary for protection of a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the discharge ( Q 7Q 10i ). This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following human
health concerns for the reasons indicated:

i. Human Health – Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as non-carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for short-term health
effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the stream and consuming aquatic organisms
f r o m the same stream is provided by this cr iterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of applicable

d i l u t i o n than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61- 68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to meet this requirement.

F o r d i s c h a r g e s a ffe c t i n g the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest
TOT 10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT 10 at the beginning of the basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).

i i

. Hu ma n He a l t h - Dri n k i n g W a ter Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters identified as non-carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for shortterm health effects when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of human health relative to drinking the water from the stream after conventional treatment per R.61-68.G.8 and 10 is provided by this criterion. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake toRationale Page 7 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

meet this requirement.

F o r d i s c h a r g e s a ffe c t i n g the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest
TOT 10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT 10 at the beginning of the basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).



### ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ +

=

d d i Q 

### Q Q Q DF 10 7

3

DF 4 : Dilution factor based on the Average Annual Flow at the source water protection area boundary for protection of a proposed or existing water in t a ke d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d i sch a r g e ( AAF i )

This dilution factor is used to determine the derived limits for protection of the following
human health concerns for the reasons indicated:

i. Human Health–Water and Organism Consumption for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for long-term health effects due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake. Protection of

human health relative to drinking the water from the stream and consuming aquatic organisms from the same stream is provided by this criterion, but drinking the water withdrawn from the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in ter m s o f applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to meet this requirement.

F o r d i s c h a r g e s a ffe c t i n g the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest
TOT 10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT 10 at the beginning of the basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).

i i

. Hu ma n He a l t h - Dri n k i n g W a ter Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for parameters identified as carcinogens per R.61-68.C.4.b(1) and E.12.c(5) to protect for long-term health effects due to cancer when the discharge is above any drinking water intake.
Protection of human health relative to drinki ng the water from the stream and consum ing aquatic organisms from the same stream is pr ovided by this criterion, but drinking the

water withdrawn from the stream may require a potentially higher level of protection in terms of applicable dilution than consumption of organisms. In addition, to satisfy the requirements of R.61-68.C.10(a), the Department has determined that dilution at the boundary of the Source Water Protection area will protect the drinking water intake to meet this requirement.

F o r d i s c h a r g e s a ffe c t i n g the primary SWP area, dilution will be determined using the largest
TOT 10 flow along the SWP area boundary upstream of the drinking water intake of concern. If multiple drinking water intakes are present below the discharge, the SWP area of the intake closest to the discharge will be protected. If the entire basin is designated as the SWP area, the boundary will be the TOT 10 at the beginning of theRationale Page 8 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

basin, even if it is outside the State boundaries (e.g. North Carolina).



### ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ +

=

d d i 

### Q Q AAF DF 4

Dilution Factors (using form ulas above):

DF 1 547.24

DF 2 6634.12

DF 3 , if applicable 2495.62

DF 4 , if applicable 15790.25

b. Determine monthly average derived limits using the following procedures:

WQS
al Freshwater Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68) for protection of Aquatic Life; may be a CCC or CMC as defined below
WQS

or

g Stream Standard (based on an established criter ia or other published data per R.61-68), for

protection of Human Health – Organism Consumption
WQS

wo Stream Standard (based on an established criter ia or other published data per R.61-68), for protection of Human Health – Water & Organism Consumption. Applicable only if any portion of the mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection

area for a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the wastewater treatment plant discharge point.
WQS

mc l Stream Standard (based on an established criter ia or other published data per R.61-68), for Drinking Water MCL (Maximum C ontaminant Level). Applicable only if any portion of the mixing zone for this discharge is in a state-approved source water protection area for a proposed or existing water intake downstream of the wastewater treatmen t p l a n t d i sch a r g e point.
WQS
ol : Stream Standard (based on an established criteria or other published data per R.61-68), based on Organoleptic Data.

C aqlife Concentration lim it derived from aquatic life data

C

HH Concentration lim it derived from hum an h ealth data as determ ined from organism ( C

org ), water/organism ( C

wo )and MCL ( C mcl ) data

C

ol Concentration lim it derived from organoleptic data

C

b Background concentration of the concerned pa ram e ter in m g /l determ ined from am bient

m onitoring data or data provi ded by applicant. The 90 th percentile of am bient m onitoring data for aquatic life protection for the param e ters identified in the Appendix (Water Quali t y N u m e r i c C r i t e r i a ) to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 y ears, or whatever is available if less than 3 y ears, will ty pically be used per the procedures used for 303(d) listing. The m e dian value of am bient m onitoring data for

hum an health protection for the param e ters iden tified in the Appendix (Water Quality Num e ric Criteria) to Regulation 61-68 from the last 3 y ears, or whatever is available if less than 3 y ears, will
ty pically be used per the procedures used fo r 303(d) listing. The background concentration is

assum e d to be zero (0) in the absence of actual data based on Departm e ntal guidance and EPA

recom m e ndation.

i. Determine the derived limit for protection of Aquatic Life ( C aqlife )

1. The following guidelines apply to determining aquatic life limits:

a. Typically, the Criterion Maximum Concent ration (CMC) is applied as a daily maximumRationale Page 9 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

derived limit and the Criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) is applied as a monthly average derived limit, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific parameters. The CMC and CCC for specific metals will be adjusted using the procedures in 60 FR 22229, “Water Quality Standards; Establishment of Numeric Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants; States’ Compliance-Revision of Metals Criteria,” May 4, 1995 and the “Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria,” Oct. 1, 1993 and applied as a daily maximum and monthly average, respectively, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations.

b. If only a CMC exists for a particular parameter, a daily maximum derived permit limit only (no monthly average) will be set using that value, after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. If only a CCC is gi ven, it will be used as a monthly average derived limit and the daily maximum derived limit will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the US EPA’s “Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control”, EPA/505/2-90-001, March 1991 (hereafter known as the TSD) considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of

0.6 and 95 th percentile occurrence probability.

c. If only an acute toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant is given as a LC 50 , the lowest concentration should be divided by an acute-tochronic ratio (ACR) of 10 and a sensitivity factor of 3.3, for an acceptable instream concentration in order to protect against chronic toxicity effects (from R.61- 68.E.14.a(1)). Other acute toxicity data will be handled similarly. The value obtained
from this calculation will be used as a mont hly average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.6 and 95 th percentile occurrence probability.

d. If a chronic toxicity effect concentration for a number of species for a particular pollutant is given as a no observed effect concentration (NOEC), the lowest concentration should be divided by a sensitivity factor of 3.3 in order to protect against chronic toxicity to the most sensitive species (from R.61-68.E.14.a(2)). Other chronic toxicity data will be handled similarly. The value obtained from this calculation will be used as a monthly average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limits recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.6 and

95 th percentile occurrence probability.

e. If both acute and chronic data are available for a particular pollutant, monthly average derived limit will be calculated as in c and d above for each acute and chronic, respectively. The more stringent of t he monthly average derived limits will be the monthly average derived limit used after consideration of dilution and background concentrations. The daily maximum will be two (2) times the value obtained for the monthly average based on a simplified statistical procedure for determining permit limitsRationale Page 10 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

recommended in Section 5.4.2 of the TSD considering an assumed coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.6 and 95 th percentile occurrence probability.

2

. Co n s i d e r t h e b a c k g round concentration ( C
b ) of the parameter of concern. If the background

concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable stream standard ( WQS, as defined above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit ( C aqlife ) for that parameter and for the protection of that stream standard, is establis hed equal to the stream standard ( WQS ). An exception exists where the natur a lly o ccu r r i n g in st r e a m co n c e n t r a t i o n for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the Department may establish permit effluent limitations ( C

e fflim ) at a level higher than t h e d e r iv e d limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the Department may require biological instream m onitoring and/or whole effluent tox i city (WET) testing (See R.61-68.E.12.c.2). i.e.

If C b is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### WQS C b 

### ≥

Then 

### WQS C =

aqlife .

If C b is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### WQS C b 

### ≥

Then

b eff 

### C C C 

# ≤ < lim aqlife .

Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Item 3 or 4 below.

3. For the parameters listed in Table A below, Regulation R.61-68 Section E.12 provides for

the use of the EPA Office of Water Policy and "Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria", October 1, 1993. A subsequent revision published in the Federal Register (60 FR 22229) on May 4, 1995 updated the data in the original report. See R.61-68 Attachment 1 “Conversion Factors for Dissolved Metals” and Attachment 2 “Parameter for Calculating Freshwater Dissolved Metals Criteria that are Hardness-Dependent”. The following equations and constants will be used to calculate aquatic life metals limits based on the Federal Register data. The water quality standard

f o r t h e s e metals (CCC or CMC) will also be adjusted using this approach in accordance with Regulation 61-68.E.12.d(3) for evaluation of ambient water quality.

TSS

e Effluent Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration in mg/l from actual or proposed monthly average permit limits.
TSS
b Background or in-stream Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration. The background TSS is assumed to be 1 mg/l in the absence of actual stream data based on the 5th percentile of ambient TSS data on South Carolina streams from

1993-2000.

TSS

avg Average in-stream (m ixed) TSS concentration.

CF Conversion factor considered m o st relevant in fres h w a t e r f o r a q u a t i c l i f e a s d e f i n e d by EPA in dissolved m e tals docum ents for each listed m e tal

H Hardness in m g /l of CaCO 3

. Per R.61-68.E.12.a(3), the CMC and CCC are based

on a hardness of 25 m g /l if the am bient hardness is less than 25 m g /l. Concentrations of

hardness less than 400 m g /l m a y be based on the actual m i xed stream hardness if it is greater than 25 m g /l and less than 400 m g /l and 400 m g /l if the am bient hardness is greater than 400 m g /l. The background hardn ess is assum e d to be 25 m g /l in the absenceRationale Page 11 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

of actual stream data. Mixed stream hardn ess m a y be determ ined using effluent hardness

and actual stream hardness.

K

po Metal-specific equilibrium constant

a Metal-specific constant

K

p Linear partition coefficient

K

pb Linear partition coefficient for use in th e derivation of an adjusted water quality

standard

C

d Dissolved phase m e tal concentration

C

t Total m e tal concentration

S a constant to represent the CCC or CMC

The following table lists the values for the constant s, the CCC and CMC, the recom m e nded values of the conversion factor (CF), and the adjusted CCC and CMC:

Table A

C M C C C C P a r a m e t e r k po a
(μg/l) CF CMC (μg/l) CF CCC

Arsenic 0.48 x 10 6

- 0

. 7 2 8 6 3 4 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0

Cadm ium 4.00 x 10 6

- 1

. 1 3 0 7 0

. 9 5 * 1 0 0 * 0

. 8 3 * 9 6

. 7 *

Chrom i um +3 3.36 x 10 6

- 0

. 9 3 0 4 5 8 0 * 3 1

. 6 6 8 * 8 6

Chrom i um +6 3.36 x 10 6

- 0

. 9 3 0 4 1 6 9 8

. 2 1 1 9 6

. 2

Copper 1.04 x 10 6

- 0

. 7 4 3 6 3

. 8 * 9 6 2

. 9 * 9 6

Lead 0.31 x 10 6

- 0

. 1 8 5 6 1 4 * 9 9

. 3 * 0

. 5 4 * 9 9

. 3 *

Mercury 2.91 x 10 6

- 1

. 1 3 5 6 1

. 6 8 5 0

. 0 9 1 8 5

Nickel 0.49 x 10 6

- 0

. 5 7 1 9 1 5 0 * 9 9

. 8 1 6 * 9 9

. 7

Zinc 1.25 x 10 6

- 0

. 7 0 3 8 3 7 * 9 7

. 8 3 7 * 9 8

. 6

* The equations for calculating the CCC, CMC, and conversion factors are given in the Appendix to Regulation 61-68 and Attachm e nts 1and 2 fo r each param e ter. The values given for the CMC

and CCC and CF in the table are based on 25 m illigram s /liter (m g/l) hardness (as expressed as CaCO 3 ).

Effluent TSS concentration ( TSS

e ) (m g/l) (based on m onthly average perm it lim it) 30

Background or In-stream TSS concentration ( TSS
b ) (m g/l) 1

Calculated In-stream Average TSS concentration after m i xing ( TSS

avg ) (m g/l) 1.05

From Technical Guidance Manual for Perform ing Waste Load Allocations Book II, Rivers

and Stream s , EPA/440/484/022:



### CMC or CCC S =

CF S C d 

### × =

To determ ine the adjusted water quality standard ( WQS al ), use S and the equation for C d above and the following equations:

a b po b p 

### TSS K K ) ( 

### × =Rationale Page 12 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264 

# ( ) { } 6 

### 10 1

− 

### × × + × = b pb d al 

### TSS K C WQS

To determ ine the effluent lim it ( C aqlife ) , use S and the equation for C d above and the following equations: 

# ( )

10 7 10 7 

### ) (

Q d b Q e d

avg 

### Q Q TSS Q TSS Q TSS

+ × + ×

=

a

avg po p 

### TSS K K ) ( × = 

# ( ) { } 6 

### 10 1

− 

### × × + × = avg p d t 

### TSS K C C

Once C t has been calculated, it is m u ltiplied by DF 1 and background concentrations are

accounted for to obtain the m onthly average derived lim it ( C aqlife ):



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d Q

b t aqlife 

### Q Q C DF C C 10 7

1 

### ) (

4. For all other parameters not included in paragraph 3, Table A, monthly average derived limits ( C aqlife ) for aquatic life protection are calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d Q

b al aqlife 

### Q Q C WQS DF C 10 7

1 

### ) (

ii. Determine derived limit for protection of Human Health

1. The following guidelines apply to determining human health limits:

a. The human health criterion given by R egulation 61-68 will be applied as a monthly average derived limit after consideration of dilution and background concentrations ( C HH-a v g ). Exceptions exist based on EPA criteria and are indicated for specific parameters. No limits on human health based on water and organism co n s u m p t io n

or drinking water MCLs will be imposed if there is no potential to affect a drinking

wa t e r i n t a k e o r s o u r c e water protection area (i.e., if there is no intake downstream of the discharge).

b. The daily maximum permit limit will be determined from the monthly average value from (a) above and a multiplier ( M) determined using a statistical procedure

recommended in Section 5.5 using average = 95 th percentile from Table 5-3 in the TSD. The permitted or proposed number of samples per month (n) is used with the coefficient of variation (CV) to determine M . CV is assumed to be 0.6 as a default
value if information is not known.

) 5

. 0 ( ) 5

. 0 (

2 2

n n a m

Z Z



### e e M

σ σ σ σ

−

−



### =

where:Rationale Page 13 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264



### ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

+ = 

### 1

ln 2 2



### n CV

n 

### σ 

# ( ) 1 ln 2 2 

### +

= CV σ

CV = coefficient of variation of the effluent concentration = 

### Mean Deviation Std

.

n = the num ber of effluent sam ples per m onth (where frequency is less than

1/m onth, n =1)

z

m = the percentile exceedance probability for the daily m a xim u m perm it lim it (=2.326 for 99 th percentile basis)

z
a = the percentile exceedance probability for the m onthly average perm it lim it (=1.645 for 95 th percentile basis)

C

HH-m a x = M * C HH-a v g

2

. Co n s i d e r t h e b a c k g round concentration ( C
b ) of the parameter of concern. If the background

concentration is equal to or greater than the applicable stream standard ( WQS, as defined above) for the parameter of concern, then the derived concentration limit ( C HH

e ) for that parameter and for the protection of that stream standard, is establis hed equal to the stream standard ( WQS ). An exception exists where the natur a lly o ccu r r i n g in st r e a m co n c e n t r a t i o n for a substance is higher than the derived permit effluent limitation. In those situations, the Department may establish permit effluent limitations ( C

e fflim ) at a level higher than t h e d e r iv e d limit, but no higher than the natural background concentration. In such cases, the Department may require biological instream m onitoring and/or whole effluent tox i city (WET) testing (See R.61-68.E.12.c.3).

If C b is not based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### WQS C b 

### ≥

Then 

### WQS C =

HH .

If C b is based on naturally occurring concentrations and 

### WQS C b 

### ≥

Then

b eff HH 

### C C C 

# ≤ < lim .

Otherwise, the limits are established as described in Items 3-6 below.

3. Human Health – Organism Consumption ( C org ).

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d d

b org org 

### Q AAF C WQS DF C ) ( 2

b. For Non-carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:Rationale Page 14 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d Q

b org org 

### Q Q C WQS DF C 10 7

1 

### ) (

4. Human Health – Water and Organism Consumption ( C

wo )

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d i
b wo wo 

### Q AAF C WQS DF C ) ( 4

b. For Non-carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d i Q

b wo wo 

### Q Q C WQS DF C 10 7

3 

### ) (

5. Human Health – Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) ( C

mc l

).

a. For Carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d i
b mcl mcl 

### Q AAF C WQS DF C ) ( 4

b. For Non-carcinogens The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d i Q

b mcl mcl 

### Q Q C WQS DF C 10 7

3 

### ) (

6. Organoleptic criteria ( C ol

).

The Monthly Average is calculated as follows:



### ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫

⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

− × =

d d

b ol ol 

### Q AAF C WQS DF C ) ( 2

c

. De t e rmi n e mo st stringent of applicable data us ing the monthly average derived limits determined or

calculated above:

C

efflim = minimum of ( C aqlife , C

or

g , C

wo , C

mc l , C ol, C
wl

a )

Note: If a CMC is present for the parameter of concern, the daily maximum derived limit obtained from that calculation must also be considered under reasonable potential.

d. Determine whether the discharge causes, has the reasonable p o t e n t ia l t o ca u s e o r co n t r i b u t e s t o aRationale Page 15 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

water quality violation.

Regulation 61-9.122.44(d)(1)(i) states: “Limitations must control all pollutants or pollutant parameters (either conventional, nonconventional, or toxic pollutants) which the Department determines are or may be discharged at a level which will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any State water quality standard, including State narrative criteria for water quality.”

When determining whether a discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to an instream excursion, the Department will use pr ocedures which account for controls on point and nonpoint sources of pollution, the variability of the pollutant in the effluent, the sensitivity of the species to toxicity testing (when evaluating whole effluent toxicity), and, where appropriate, the dilution of the effluent in the receiving water (R.61-9.122.44(d)(1)(ii)).

Based on the above statements, there are three scen arios when limitations are required, as follows:

i. When data provided by the permit applicant indicates values greater than the proposed limitation derived above, that dischar ge will cause an excursion above a narrative or numeric water quality criterion.

ii. A discharge will be determined to contribute to an excursion of a water quality criteri on when the waterbody is impaired (e.g., on the 303(d) list) for the parameter of concern and that parameter is also being discharged.

iii. Reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation is determin ed using the following information:

Chapter 3 of the TSD provides information for determining th e need for permit limits based on the regulatory statements above. A statistical procedure is also presented in Chapter 3 for use in determining reasonable potential from effluent data. “National Guidance for the Permitting, Monitoring, and Enforcem ent of Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations Set Below Analytical Detection/Quantitation Level” dr aft dated March 22, 1994, offers recommendations on how to interpret data below detection capabilities to make a reasonable potential analysis.

All pollutants given in a wasteload allocation or an e ffluent limitation guideline will be limited in the permit.

When effluent data consists of non-quantifiable/non-detectable values or when no effluent data is available, other factors and information are considered to determine reasonable potential. In situations where a pollutant is known to be present in the wastestream (due to production data or other information), we know it is being discharged and has the potential to impact even though it may not be quantifiable. The fact that it is pr esent will be enough information to say reasonable potential exis ts for that pollutant. Therefore, a reasonable potential decision is based on various data and information, and not just nonquantifiable/non-detectable data. Consider ation is given to existing data, dilution in the stream, type of receiving water, designated use, type of industry/wastestream, ambient data, histor y of compliance, and history of toxic impact. If any sourc e of information indicates reasonable potential to cause, or cont ribute to an exceedance of the water quality standard, a water quality limit will be developed.

Note: The result of the following calculations may indicate that reasonable potential does not exist. However, as stated above, other inform ation may “override” this num erical determination to justify the need for a limit.

1. The procedure for determining reasonable potential from actual effluent data is explained in Box 3- 2 on page 53 of the TSD. Multiplying factors are determined from Table 3-2 at a 95% confidence level and 95% probability in Section 3.3.2. The following describes th e procedures used for determining reasonable potential for chemical-s pecific parameters and WET, under certain circumstances. More information on determining reasonable potential for WET is given in Item 2

below.Rationale Page 16 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

Step 1: Data Analy s is: The statistical calculations involved in the “ R e a s o n a b l e P o t e n t i a l ” analy s is require discrete num erical data. The following describes how the effluent data will be

used in determ ining reasonable potential.

Actual analy tical results should be used when ever possible. Results less than detection and quantification should be used as follows:

a. If the perm ittee reports results below the practical quantitation lim it (PQL) (as defined by the perm it), then the reported “less than PQL” value for a given sam ple is assum e d to be

zero.

b. If the perm ittee uses a detection/quantification level that is greater than the PQL, then the reported “less than” value for a given sam ple is assum e d to be a discrete value equal to the detection/quantification level used by the perm ittee.

c. If the reported data consists of both discr ete and non-discrete values and/or the data is reported using vary ing detection/ quantification levels, then a com b ination of the above two approaches is used, or the data is evaluated in a m a nner that is m o st appropriate for that data

set.

Note: For inform ation on the acceptable analy tical m e thods and PQLs please refer to NPDES perm it application attachm e nt titled “Practical Quantitation Lim its (PQL) and Approved Test Methods.”

Step 2 : Using data from the perm it application, othe r data supplied by the applicant a n d / o r D i s c h a r g e Monitoring Report (DMR) data, determ in e the total num ber of observations ( n ) for a particular

set of effluent data and determ ine the highest value ( C

ma x ) from that data set. For the m onthly

average com p arison, the data set will include m onthly average results and n will be the num ber

of m onths in which they sam pled in the tim e peri od being evaluated. When there is also a daily

m a xim u m com p arison, the data set will include daily m a xim u m results and n will be the total

num ber of sam ples in the tim e period being evaluated. Individual results m a y not nece s s a r i l y b e used in the calculation.

Step 3: Determ ine the coefficient of variation ( CV ) for the data set. For a data set where

n >10, the CV is calculated as standard deviation di vided by m ean for the data set being

evaluated. For data set where n <10, the CV is estim ated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 item s of data, the uncertainty in the CV is too large to calculate a standard deviation or m ean with

sufficient confidence.



### 6

. 0 = CV for 

### 10 < n

μ σ



### = CV for 

### 10 > n

where: 

### σ = Standard Deviation of the sam ples



### μ = Mean of the sam ples

Step 4: Determ ine the appropriate m u ltiply ing factor ( MF ) fro m eith er Table 3-2 or using

the form ulae in Section 3.3.2 of the TSD.Rationale Page 17 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

a. Determ ine the percentile represented by th e highest concentration in the sam ple data.

n

n 

### Level Confidence p / 1 

### ) 1 (

− =

where: p

n = Percentile represented by the highest concentration in the data

n = num ber of sam ples Confidence Level = 0.95 i.e. 95%

b. Determ ine the m u ltiply ing factor ( MF ), which is the relationship between the percentile described above ( C

p ) and the selected upper bound of the lognorm a l effluent distribution,

which in this case will be the 95 th percentile ( C
95 ).

) 5

. 0 ( ) 5

. 0 (

95

2 2 95

σ

σ σ σ

+ +



### = =

p Z Z

p 

### e e

C C MF

where: Z 95 is the standardized Z-score for the 95 th percentile of the standardized

norm a l distribution = 1.645

Z

p is the standardized Z-score for the p th percentile of the

standardized norm a l distribution.(determ i ned in (b) above)

Note: The values of Z-scores are listed in tabl es for the normal distribution. If using Microsoft® Excel, this can be calculated using the NORMSINV function.



### ) 1 ln( 2 2 

### +

= CV σ



### ) 1 ln( 2 

### + = CV σ

Step 5: Multiply the highest value from the da t a s e t ( C

ma

x ) by the m u ltiply ing factor ( MF ) determ ined in Step 4 to obtain the m a xim u m receiving water concentration ( RWC ).



### MF C RWC × = max

Step 6: RWC ≤ Derived m onthly average lim it ( C efflim ) im plies that a reasonable potential does not

exist.

RWC > Derived m onthly average lim it ( C efflim ) im plies that a reasonable potential exists.

Note: If a CMC is available for a given param e te r, the daily m a xim u m value will be used in

addition to the m onthly average for a determ ination of reasonable potential.

2. Reasonable potential for WET will be determ ined from num erical data using one of the following procedures:

a. When the effluent data is given as LC 50 and/or NOEC values:

Step 1: Convert the given LC 50 and NOEC values to toxic units, TU

a for acute data and TU

c for chronic data, respectively

, using the following form ulae:Rationale Page 18 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

50 

### 100

LC TU

a 

### =

NOEC TU

c 

### 100

=

Step 2: Using DMR data or other data provided by the applicant, determ ine the total num ber of observations ( n ) for a particular set of effluent data and determ ine the highest value ( TU

a , m a x

or TU

c , m a x ) from that data set.

Step 3: Determ ine the coefficient of variation ( CV ) for the data set. For a data set where n >10, the

CV is calculated as standard deviation divided by m ean. For data set where n <10, the CV is

estim ated to equal 0.6. For less than 10 item s of data, the uncertainty in the CV is too large

to calculate a standard deviation or m ean with sufficient confidence.

Step 4: Determ ine the appropriate m u ltiply ing factor ( MF ) fro m eith er Table 3-2 or using

the form ulae in Section 3.3.2. (see iii.1, Step 4 above).

Step 5: Multiply the highest value of TU

a , m a x or TU

c , m a x from the data set by the m u ltiply ing factor ( MF ) determ ined in Step 4 and the dilution at the edge of the m i xing zone (the test

concentration obtained from m i xing zone m odeling or dem onstration) to obtain the

m a xim u m receiving water concentration ( RWC )

RWC for Acute Toxicity = [ TU

a , m a x * MF * conc. at M Z

boundary]

RWC for Chronic Toxicity = [ TU

c , m a x * M F

* conc. at M Z

boundary ]

Step 6: RWC for Acute Toxicity ≤ 0.3TU

a im plies that a reasonable potential does not exist

RWC for Acute Toxicity > 0.3TU

a im plies that a reasonable potential exists

RWC for Chronic Toxicity ≤ 1.0TU

c im plies that a reasonable potential does not exist

RWC for Chronic Toxicity > 1.0TU

c im plies that a reasonable potential exists

b. When pass/fail effluent data only is availabl e and all tests have passed, the Departm e nt m a y be able to determ ine reasonable potential in a m a nner sim ilar to Item 1 above assum i ng the test concentration of interest is greater than or e qual to the concentration at which the perm ittee has tested. If the perm ittee has not tested at or above the test concentration of interest, the Departm e nt cannot say that reasonable potential does not exist, unless perhaps, circum stances related to the discharge have changed. If any failures exist in the data set that cannot be

rem oved, reasonable potential m a y be determ ined to exist.

c. Wh ere WET resu lts are g i v e n as p e rcen t effect, the procedures in Item 1, Steps 1-6 above are

followed. In the case of WET in these circum stances, C lim will be 25% for the m onthly average and 40% for the m a xim u m since these are the lim its for WET te s ting a s a pe rc e n t e ffe c t pre f e rre d by the Departm e nt.

e. Determ ine perm it lim its based on water quality data

i. When the discharge is determ ined to cause or have the reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation for a particular param e ter, except WET, lim its are needed. Lim its are ty pically based on the

m onthly average values calculated from G.2.c above. However, daily m a xim u m values m a y be evaluated under reasonable potential under certain circum stances. If reasonable potential exists for either average

or m a xim u m derived lim its, lim its on both are needed per Regulation 61-9.122.45(d).Rationale Page 19 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

1. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on a wasteload allocation for oxygen-demanding pollutants and nutrients and

a. no CMC exists, the water quality limits are monthly average = C

wla daily maximum = 2 x C

wla

b. a CMC exists (for ammonia), the water quality limits are monthly average = C

wla

and the daily maximum is the most stringent of

daily maximum = 2 x C

wla

or daily maximum = C aqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

2. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on a quatic life data given as a CCC, if the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or cont ributes to a water quality violation based on the monthly average and a CMC also exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are

monthly average = C aqlife-ma using CCC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 daily maximum = C aqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

3. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on a quatic life data given as a CCC and if the discharge does not cause, have the reasonable potential to cau se or contribute to a water quality violation for that monthly average, but a CMC also exists fo r the parameter and the discharge causes, has the reasonable potential to cause or contributes to a water quality violation based on that daily maximum, the water quality limits are

monthly average = C aqlife-ma using CCC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4 daily maximum = C aqlife-dm using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

4. If the monthly average from G.2.c is based on aquatic life data given as a CCC or other acute or

chronic data and no CMC exists for the parameter, the water quality limits are

monthly average = C aqlife daily maximum = 2 x C aqlife

5. If no CMC exists and the monthly average from G. 2.c is based on human health (organism, w/o, MCL) data, the water quality limits are

monthly average = C

HH daily maximum = M x C

HH using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b

6. If a CMC exists and the monthly average from G. 2.c is based on human health (organism, w/o, MCL) data, the water quality limits will be

monthly average = C

HH

and the daily maximum will be the most stringent ofRationale Page 20 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264

d a i l y ma x i mu m = M x C

HH using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b

or d a i l y ma x i mu m = C

a q life-d m using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

7

. If n o CM C ex i s t s an d the m onthly average from G. 2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality

lim its are

m onthly average = C

ol d a i l y ma x i mu m = M x C ol using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b

8. If a CMC exists and the m onthly average from G. 2.c is based on organoleptic data, the water quality

lim its will be

m onthly average = C

ol

and the daily m a xim u m will be the m o st stringent of

d a i l y ma x i mu m = M x C

ol using the calculation for M from G.2.b.ii.1.b

or d a i l y ma x i mu m = C

a q life-d m using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

9. If only a CMC exists, then the water quality lim its will be no m onthly average and

d a i l y ma x i mu m = C

a q life-d m using CMC as WQS in G.2.b.i.3 or 4

ii. If the discharge is determ ined to cause or ha ve the reasonable potential to cause a water quality violation for WET, perm it lim itations will be expl ained in the rationale for that param e ter.

iii. If the discharge is determ ined to contribute to an existing water quality violation, m onthly average and daily m a xim u m lim its will be set giving no credit for dilution of the receiving stream (end-of-pipe

lim its) based on the criteria in Item 1 above.

f. Consider Effluent Lim itations Guid elines (ELG or Categorical guidelines)

The m o re stringent of the effluent lim itations gui delines average and m a xim u m derived lim its and water quality -derived average and m a xim u m lim its determ ined in e above shall be used as perm it lim its, unless

other inform ation indicates m o re st r i n g e n t l i m i t s a r e n e e d e d as indicated in the notes at the end of this section. Categorical lim itations based on m ass m a y first be conve rted to concentration using the long term average flow of the discharge for both the m onthly average and daily m a xim u m calculations, unless the applicable guidelines require use of an alternate flow.

1. For Effluent guidelines based on production, lim its will be calculated as follows: 

# ∑

= 

### ) )( ( lim ELG ELGprod ELG where

ELGlim: the m ass lim it, in lbs/day

, for an a pplicable pollutant based on the production ELGprod: the production rate, in lbs, for the applicable guideline(s), usually based on long term average data

ELG: the effluent guideline lim itation, given as a m easure of production (e.g. lbs/1000 lbs), for an applicable pollutantRationale Page 21 of 38

Perm it No. SC0023264



## ) 2. For Effluent guidelines based on flow, lim its will be calculated as follows: 

## ( 34

. 8 ) )( ( lim 

# ∑

= 

### ELG ELGflow ELG where

ELGlim :the m ass lim it, in lbs/day

, for an appli cable pollutant based on applicable flow ELGprod: the long term average flow rate, in M GD, for the applicable guideline(s)

ELG: the concentration lim itation, in m g /l, for an applicable pollutant from the applicable guideline(s)

a. For BOD and TSS lim its based on OCPSF Effluent Gu idelines with two or m o re applicable s ubpa rts in subparts B-H , the lim its will be calculated as follows:



# ∑ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= lim) ( ELG production OCPSF total production subpart ELG O where

ELG

o : the final OCPSF lim itation, in lbs/day

ELGlim: the lim itation, in lbs/day

, determ ined from the calculation in item 2 above.

H. Other considerations

1. When the derived perm it effluent lim itation based on aquatic life num eric criteria is below the practical quantitation lim it for a substance, the derived perm it effluent lim itation shall include an accom p any i ng

statem ent in the perm it that the practical quantitati on lim it using approved analy tical m e thods shall be considered as being in com p liance with the lim it. A ppropriate biological m onitoring requirem e nts shall be incorporated into the perm it to determ ine com p lian ce with appropriate water quality standards. (R.61- 68.E.12.c(2))



### 2. When the derived perm it effluent lim itation based on hum an health num eric criteria is below the practical

q u a n titatio n limit fo r a su b s tan ce, th e d e riv e d p e rmit effl u e n t limitatio n sh all in clu d e an accom p any i ng statem ent in the perm it that the practical quantitation lim it using approve d analy tical m e thods shall be considered as being i n

com p liance with the lim it. (R.61-68.E.12.c(3))

Note 1: The effluent concentration limits determined above may not necessarily be the NPDES permit limit. NPDES Permit limits are determined after a reasonable potential analysis is

conducted using these derived limits and also after evaluating other issues (e.g. antibacksliding).

N o t e 2 : Mass limitations may be required in cert ain circumstances. When m a ss lim its are calculated
the formula to be used is as follows.

Mass (lb/day) = Flow (m gd) * Concentration (m g/l) * 8.34

Note 3: Final Limitations will typically be rounded to two (2) significant figures (based on EPA’s policy with its national criteria) while considering the PQL for a given parameter. Rounding will be performed using the following procedure (as recommended by the DHEC lab):

a. If the digit of interest is even and the number following it is a five (5), the digit of interest

rem a ins the sam e

.

b. If the digit of interest is odd and the number following it is a five (5), the digit of interest isRationale Page 22 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

rounded up.

c. If the digit of interest is even or odd and the number following it is between 0 and 4, the digit
of interest remains the same.

d. If the digit of interest is even or odd and the number following it is between 6 and 9, the digit of interest is rounded up.Rationale Page 23 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

III. PERMIT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

Kawashima Textile USA Inc. performs dyeing, printing, and fini shing operations for synthetic te xtiles (woven and knit fabrics)

for the automotive and furniture industries. Outfall 02A e ffluent will consist of sanitary wastewater (0.001 mgd) and recirculated non-contact cooling water (0.004 mgd). Outfall 02B effluent will consist of san itary wastewater: 0.005 mgd and process wastewater which varies from 0.31 mgd at Tier I to 0.595 mg d at Tier III. These two internal outfalls will discharge t o the outfall designated as Outfall 002. The effl uent guidelines applicable to the dyeing and finishing of the woven fabrics are 40 CFR Part 410 Subpart D-Woven Fabric Finishing (NSPS). Subpart E is applicable to the dyeing and finishing of the knit

fabrics.

Kawashima is considered to be a “recommencing discharger” as defined in Reg. 61-9.122.2(b). Therefore, the Wateree

Textiles DMR data will not be used for this rationale.

OUTFALL 02A: (Form 2E)

Flow 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: MR mgd Daily Maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: Daily Sample Type: Continuous

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of flow analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: Not reported Maximum Daily Value: 0.005 mgd

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Conclusion: The flow limits will remain monitor and report. Monthly average: MR mgd Daily maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: Daily Sampling Type: Continuous

pH 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 6.0-9.0 standard units. Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate)

Minimum: 6.0 standard units.

Maximum: 9.0 standard units.

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.10. For Class Fresh

Water this value is between 6. 0 and 8.5 standard units.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Secondary treatment standards R.61-9.133.102: 6.0-9.0 standard units

6. Other information: NoneRationale Page 24 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: Not applicable

8. Conclusion: Based on secondary trea tment, the pH limits are as follows:

Minimum: 6.0 su

Maximum: 9.0 su Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 86.3 lbs/day Daily maximum: 171 lbs/day Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 20 mg/l; 0.8 lbs/day Maximum Daily Value: 30 mg/l; 1.3 lbs/day

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: Sanitary wastewater w ill be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality attainable by secondary treatment. Pe r Reg. 61-9.133.102(a), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the monthly average limit to resu lt in a limit of 60 mg/l. The recirculated cooling water will be limited based on the guidance in SCG250000, the NPD ES General Permit for Utility Water Discharges. This permit uses a daily maximum limit of 20 mg/l. The monthly av erage limited is established by halving the daily maximum limit. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below and added together for the effluent discharged at this outfall. Sanitary WW: Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.250

lbs/d Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.501 lbs/d Utility WW: Monthly average = 10 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.334

lbs/d Daily maximum = 20 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.668 lbs/d Total: Monthly average = 0.250 lbs/d + 0.334 lbs/d = 0.584 lbs/d Daily maximum = 0.501 lbs/d + 0.668 lbs/d = 1.169

lbs/d

5. Water quality data: No water quality data except wasteload allocation.

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l

7. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Monthly average: 0.58 lbs/d

8. Other information: None

9. Conclusion: Based on secondary treatment and best professional judgment, the permit limits will be as follows Monthly average: 0.58 lbs/day, MR mg/l Daily maximum: 1.2 lbs/day, MR mg/l Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sampling Type: 24 Hour CompositeRationale Page 25 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 381 lbs/day Daily maximum: 609 lbs/day Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 60 mg/l; 2.5 lbs/day Maximum Daily Value: 100 mg/l; 4 lbs/day

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Criterion: Not applicable to this parameter

5. Other Information: There is not any process wastewater at outfall 02A.

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) : Not applicable to this parameter

7. Conclusion: Since there is only sanitary and utility wa ter discharged through outfall 02A there will not be any COD

limits at this time.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 69.5 mg/l Daily Maximum: 157 mg/l Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of TSS analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 20 mg/l; 0.8 lbs/day Maximum Daily Value: 30 mg/l; 1.3 lbs/day

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Effluent Limitation Guidelines: Sanitary wastewater w ill be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality attainable by secondary treatment. Per Reg. 61-9.133.102(B), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The recirculated cooling water will be limited based on the guidance in SCG250000, the NPDES General Permit for Utility Water Discharges. This permit uses a daily maximum limit of 40 mg/l. The monthly average limited is established by halving the daily maximum limit. The permit limits for this parameter are deri ved below and added together for the effluent discharged at this outfall. Sanitary WW: Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.250 lbs/d Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.001 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.501 lbs/d

Utility WW: Monthly average = 20 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 0.668 lbs/d Daily maximum = 40 mg/l x 0.004 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.335 lbs/d Total: Monthly average = 0.250 lbs/d + 0.668 lbs/d = 0.918 lbs/d Daily maximum = 0.501 lbs/d + 1.335 lbs/d = 1.836 lbs/d

5. Water Quality Data: None.

6. Other information: Not applicable.Rationale Page 26 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: 1000 μ g/l

8. Conclusion: Based on secondary treatment, the permit limits will be as follows Monthly average: 0.92 lbs/day, MR mg/l Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day, MR mg/l Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

Fecal Coliform 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 200/100 ml Daily maximum: 400/100 ml Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of fecal analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 100/100 ml Maximum Daily Value: 400/100 ml

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more th an 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed

400/100ml.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable (Flow sanitary and utility only)

6. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only.

7. Other information : None

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D)

9. Conclusion: Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only.

OUTFALL 02B (Form 2D): In correspondence dated August 23, 2002, the permittee specified Kawashima’s expected production through December 2007. This permit will expire in 2005 therefore only the production es timated through 2005 will be included in this permit. There will only be three (3) tiers in this permit; the midpoints fo r each of these tiers came from the 8/23/02 correspondence identif ied above. The midpoint is the sum of the knitting and woven dy eing and finishing designated in the correspondence (Appendix B).

Production Level (lbs/day) Tier I
(designated as T21) Tier II
(designated as T22) Tier III
(designated as T23)

Low Production Level 15600 20500 26050

Midpoint Production Level 17600 23400 28700Rationale Page 27 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Upper Production Level 20499 26049 30499
Knitting Dyeing & Finishing (Breakdown of Midpoint) 17000 22800 18700

Woven Dyeing & Finishing (Breakdown of Midpoint) 600 600 10000

Total Average Flow (mgd) 0.315 0.435 0.600

Sanitary Flow (mgd) 0.005 0.005 0.005

Flow 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: MR mgd Daily Maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: Daily Sample Type: Continuous

2. NPDES Application (2D): (No. of flow analyses: Not reported)

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Conclusion: The flow limits will rema in monitor and report for all tiers. Monthly average: MR mgd Daily maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: Daily Sampling Type: Continuous

pH 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 6.0-9.0 standard units. Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate)

Minimum: 7.0 standard units.

Maximum: 9.0 standard units.

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.10. For Class Fresh

Water this value is between 6. 0 and 8.5 standard units.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Be tween 6.0 and 9.0 standard units.

6. Other information: None.

7. PQL: Not applicable 8. Conclusion: Based on effluent guidelines, the pH limits are as follows:

Minimum: 6.0 su

Maximum: 9.0 su Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 )Rationale Page 28 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 81 lbs/day (Tier I) 168 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 160 lbs/day (Tier I) 330 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Effluent limitations guidelines:

Process wastewater will be limited based on 40 CFR S ubparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 1.7 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 3.3 lbs/1000 lbs product Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 1.9 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 3.6 lbs/1000 lbs product

Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality a ttainable by secondary treatment. Per Reg. 61-9.133.102(a), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below: Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.25 lbs/day Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 2.50 lbs/day

5. Water quality data: No water quality da ta except the wasteload allocation.

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l

7. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Monthly average limits as follows:

Tier I: 34 lbs/d

Tier II: 46 lbs/d

Tier III: 54 lbs/d

8. Other information: Add the total process (from spreadsheet) and sanitary to get fi nal limits for each of the three tiers.

9. Conclusion: Monitor and report (MR) concentration valu es for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows: Monthly average: 34 lbs/day (Tier I); 46 lbs/day (Tier II); 54 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 66 lbs/day (Tier I); 86 lbs/day (Tier II); 103 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sampling Type: 24 Hour Composite

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 1110 lbs/day (Tier I); 2300 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 1730 lbs/day (Tier I); 3570 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour CompositeRationale Page 29 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 350 mg/l Maximum Daily Value: 600 mg/l

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Criterion: Not applicable to this parameter

5. Other Information: None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs): 40 CFR Subpa rts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 26.9 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 41.7 lbs/1000 lbs product Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 31 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 48.1 lbs/1000 lbs product

7. Other information: None

8. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly aver age and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows:

Monthly average: 543 lbs/day (Tier I); 723 lbs/day (Tier II); 849 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 843 lbs/day (Tier I); 1122 lbs/day (Tier II); 1316 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 200 lbs/day (Tier I); 414 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily Maximum: 454 lbs/day (Tier I); 936 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample Type: 24 Hour Composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of TSS analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l

3. DMR Data: Not applicable. 4. Water Quality Data: NA

5. Effluent Limitation Guidelines:

Process wastewater will be limited based on 40 CFR S ubparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 3.9 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 8.8 lbs/1000 lbs product Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 5.9 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 13.2 lbs/1000 lbs productRationale Page 30 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Sanitary wastewater will be limited based on the minimum level of effluent quality attainable by secondary treatment. Per Reg. 61-9.133.102(B), the monthly average limit is 30 mg/l. A daily maximum limit is established by doubling the monthly average limit to result in a limit of 60 mg/l. The permit limits for this parameter are derived below. Monthly average = 30 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 1.25 lbs/d Daily maximum = 60 mg/l x 0.005 mgd x 8.345 lbs/gal = 2.50 lbs/d

6. Water Quality Data: Not applicable to this parameter.

7. Other information: Add the total process (from spreadsheet) and sanitary to get final limits for each of the four tiers.

8. PQL: 1000 μ g/l

9. Conclusion: MR concentration values for monthly aver age and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows: Monthly average: 104 lbs/day (Tier I); 138 lbs/day (Tier II); 150 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 232 lbs/day (Tier I); 309 lbs/day (Tier II); 337 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite

Phenols

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 1.46 lbs/day (Tier I); 3 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 2.91 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Phenol data not reported)

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data to the Department. There is not data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time.

5. Other Information : None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines ( ELGs ) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 0.05 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs product

7. PQL: 10 μ g/l (EPA Method 625, 1625B or 8270C)

8. Conclusion : MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows: Monthly average: 0.88 lbs/day (Tier I); 1.2 lbs/day (Tier II); 1.4 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency : 1/Week Sample type : Grab

Sulfide (as H 2 S)Rationale Page 31 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 2.91 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 5.82 lbs/day (Tier I); 12 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Sulfide data not reported)

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data to the Department. There is no data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time.

5. Other Information : None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines ( ELGs ) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 0.2 lbs/1000 lbs product

7. PQL: 1000 μ g/l (EPA Method 376.1)

8. Conclusion : MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows: Monthly average: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 3.5 lbs/day (Tier I); 4.7 lbs/day (Tier II); 5.7 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency : 1/Week Sample type : Grab

Total Chromium

1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): Monthly average: 1.46 lbs/day (Tier I); 3 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 2.61 lbs/day (Tier I); 6 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24 Hour Composite 2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Chromium data not reported)

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Criterion for Aquatic Life: Water Quality Criteria will be assessed during the next reissuance (in 2005) since Kawashima has not yet discharged to the Wateree River. The permittee will be required to report concentration data to the Department. There is no data to complete a reasonable potential analysis at this time

5. Other Information : None

6. Effluent limitations guidelines ( ELGs ) 40 CFR Subparts D & E (Woven and Knit Fabric Finishing): NSPS (See effluent guideline limitations in Appendix A for calculation of limits.) Woven & Knit Fabric Finishing: Monthly average: 0.05 lbs/1000 lbs product Daily maximum: 0.1 lbs/1000 lbs productRationale Page 32 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

7. PQL: 5 μ g/l (EPA Method 200.7, 200.8 or 200.9 or Standard Method 3113B)

8. Conclusion : MR concentration values for monthly average and daily max for each tier. The mass limits (based on effluent guidelines) are as follows: Monthly average: 0.88 lbs/day (Tier I); 1.2 lbs/day (Tier II); 1.4 lbs/day (Tier III) Daily maximum: 1.8 lbs/day (Tier I); 2.3 lbs/day (Tier II); 2.9 lbs/day (Tier III) Sampling Frequency : 1/Week Sample type : 24 Hour Composite

Fecal Coliform 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 200/100 ml Daily maximum: 400/100 ml Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of fecal analyses: Fecal Coliform data not reported)

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more th an 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed

400/100ml.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable to this parameter

6. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only.

7. Other information : None

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D)

9. Conclusion: Limits to be placed on final outfall 002 only.

OUTFALL 002: BOD 5 will only be limited at the internal outfalls, but is limited at this outfall through UOD limits.

Flow 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: MR mgd Daily Maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: Daily Sample Type: Continuous

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): Not reported in the application.

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Conclusion: The permittee shall monitor and report (MR) flow. Monthly average: MR mgd Daily Maximum: MR mgd Sampling Frequency: DailyRationale Page 33 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Sample Type: Continuous

pH 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002):

Between 6.0 and 9.0 standard units. Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of pH analyses: Estimate)

Minimum: 7.0 standard units.

Maximum: 9.0 standard units.

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for pH are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G. 10. For Class Fresh

Water this value is between 6. 0 and 8.5 standard units.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Limite d on internal outfalls 02A and 02B.

6. Other information: For cases where the dilution factor is 10 or greater, an increase of 0.5 units is allowed because the impact on the receiving stream is not expected to result in a violation for this parameter. For this discharge, the increase will have negligible impact on the receiving stream.

7. PQL: Not applicable

8. Conclusion: Since appropriate limits have been placed on the internal outfalls for pH that are also protective of the stream, no pH limits are needed at this outfall.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): 2.0 mg/l minimum Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab 2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): Not reported on application

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Water Quality Data: Effluent Limits for D.O. are established in accordance with Reg. 61-68.G.9 & 10. For Class

Fresh Water this value is a daily average of not less than 5.0 mg/l with a low of 4.0 mg/l.

5. PQL: NA

6. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): minimum of 2.0 mg/l based on water quality considerations.

7. Other information: None

8. Conclusion: Based on water quality consider ations, the limit for this parameter will be: Minimum of 2.0 mg/l Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

Fecal ColiformRationale Page 34 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None on outfall 002.

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of fecal analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 100/100 ml Maximum Daily Value: 400/100 ml

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Water Quality Data: Fecal coliform standards in Regulation 61-68.G.10(e) for Class FW are not to exceed 200/100ml based on five consecutive samples in a 30 day period and no more th an 10% of the samples in the 30 day period shall exceed

400/100ml.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: Not applicable (Flow sanitary and utility only)

6. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Monthly average: 200/100 ml Daily maximum: 400/100 ml

7. Other information : None

8. PQL: 1/100 ml (Standard Method 9221C, 9221 E or 9221 D)

9. Conclusion: Fecal coliform, per R.61-68.E.12(c)(9), will be limited to Monthly average: 200/100 ml Daily maximum: 400/100 ml Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 0.50 mg/l Daily maximum: 0.925 mg/l Sample type: Grab Sampling Frequency: 1/Week

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): NA

3. DMR Data: NA

4. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Monthly Average : 0.5 mg/l Daily maximum: 1.0 mg/l

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: NA

6. Other information : The discharge flow has been reduced from 1.075 mgd to 0.6 mgd since Kawashima bought out the Wateree Textiles plant, therefore more dilution is availabl e. An increase in the maximum limit from 0.925 mg/l to the 1.0 mg/l would not have a measurable effect on the Wateree River (see Appendix E).

7. PQL: 0.05 mg/l

8. Conclusion: The TRC will be allowed the higher daily maximum limit due to the increase in dilution available. Monthly average: 0.5 mg/l Daily Maximum: 1.0 mg/lRationale Page 35 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002)): None

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (# of analyses: Estimate) Long Term Average Value: 30 mg/l Maximum Daily Value: 60 mg/l

3. DMR Data: Not applicable.

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: See outfalls 02A and 02B, the permittee shall only monitor and report at this outfall.

5. Water quality data: No water quality da ta except the wasteload allocation.

6. PQL: 2000 ug/l

7. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Wasteload only recommended limits for internal outfalls 02A and 02B.

8. Other information: It is necessary to monitor and report BOD5 at outfall 002 to calculate UOD.

9. Conclusion: Monitor and report (MR) concentrati on and mass values for monthly average and daily max. Sampling Frequency: 1/Week Sampling Type: 24 Hour Composite

Ultimate Oxygen Demand (UOD) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 513 lbs/d (Tier I); 803 lbs/day (Tier II) Daily maximum: 1030 lbs/d (Tier I); 1600 lbs/day (Tier II) Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24-hr. composite

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): Not reported on application.

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Effluent limitations guidelines: NA

5. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): Based on previous wasteload analysis. Monthly Average : 803 lbs/d Calculated as UOD = [BOD 5 * (f-ratio)} + (NH3-N * 4.57)] * Flow * 8.34

where UOD = Ultimate Oxygen Demand (lbs/d)

BOD 5 = Biochemical Oxygen Demand - five-day (mg/l) (BOD 5 at outfall 002)

f-ratio = 3

NH 3 -N = Ammonia as nitrogen (mg/l) Flow = effluent flow (MGD)

6. Other information : None

7. Conclusion : The UOD limits are as follows:Rationale Page 36 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

Monthly average = 803 lbs/d Daily maximum = 1600 lbs/d Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sampling t ype : Calculation

Ammonia Nitrogen, Total as N 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: 4 mg/l Daily maximum: NA Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: Grab 2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): NA

3. DMR Data: NA

4. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ) based on water quality considerations Monthly Average : 4.0 mg/l

5. Water Quality Data for Prot ection of Human Health: None

6. Water Quality Criteria based on Organoleptic Data: None

7. PQL: 100 ug/l

8. Other information : NA

9. Conclusion: The ammonia nitrogen limits are as follows (based on water quality considerations): Monthly average: 4.0 mg/l Daily maximum: 8.0 mg/l Sampling frequency: 1/Week Sample type: 24-hr. composite

Color 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): Monthly average: NA Daily maximum: MR, color units Sampling frequency: 1/Month Sample type: Grab

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (Color Estimate) Average Daily Value: 200 color units Maximum Daily Value: 350 color units

3. DMR Data: Not applicable

4. Water Quality Data: Narrative water quality criteria for colo r are established in “free-from” section of Reg. 61-68.E.5.c.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: NA

6. Other information: NA

7. PQL: 5.0 color unitsRationale Page 37 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

8. Conclusion: To determine whether the discharge has an impact on the receiving stream, the upstream and downstream color will be reported as well as the effluent. The differen ce between upstream and downstream will be reported and used to determine the need for future limitations. Upstr eam samples shall be representative of background conditions. Upstream: MR Effluent Daily Maximum: MR

Downstream: MR Difference = Upstream – Downstream Sampling frequency: 1/Month Sample type: Grab

Total Phosphorus 1. Previous Permit Limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of analyses: 0)

3. DMR Data: Past DMR data not available for this parameter.

4. Water Quality Data: See Section II.G.1.c of this rationale.

5. Effluent limitation guidelines: not applicable

6. Waste Load Allocation dated ( 3/21/03 ): MR

7. Other information: Wateree River eventually discharges to Lake Marion (which is on the 303 (d) List for phosphorus). Monitor and report limitations have been in cluded in this permit to collect data over the life of the permit (2 years).

8. PQL: 50 μ g/l (EPA Method 365.1 - 365.4 or 300)

9. Conclusion: Phosphorus will be limited w ill be as follows for mass and concentration Monthly average: MR Sample type: 24 Hour Composite Sampling Frequency: 1/Month

Total Mercury (Hg) 1. Previous permit limits (effective November 1, 2000 (modified September 1, 2002): None

2. NPDES Application ( 2D/2E ): (No. of analyses: 0)

3. DMR Data: Past DMR data not available for this parameter.

4. Water Quality Criterion: See R.61-68 Wa ter Classifications & Standards Appendix

5. Other Information: The Wateree River is on the 303d List for Mercury.

6. Does the discharge cause, have the Reasonable Potential to Cause or Contribute: Yes, the Wateree River is on the 2002 303d List for mercury.

7. Effluent limitations guidelines (ELGs) a nd professional judgment-based limits: None.

8. PQL: 0.0005 ug/l (EPA method 1669/1631C)Rationale Page 38 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264

9. Conclusion: Since no data is available to determine whet her this discharge contributes to the impairment, this permit will include monitor and report for mercury. Sampling frequency: 1/Month Sample type: Grab

Whole Effluent Toxicity: 1. The existing permit has a requirement to perform acute toxicity testing at an ATC of 100% using the pass/fail approach (for Wateree Textiles). Kawashima submitted in CO RMIX – GI Version 4.1 GT for the existing submerged diffuser (Appendix C). The Department reran the CORMIX with Version 4.2 (Appendix D)and the following resulted:

2. Boundaries of the Zone of Initial Dilution: Acute Width = 1/10*(w) = 1/10*(72.2 m) = 7.22 Acute Length = 1/3*(w) = 1/3*(72.2 m) = 24.07 m

The instream waste concentration at this boundary is the Acute Test Concentration. ATC @ x = 24.07 is 1.6%

Boundaries of the Mixing Zone: Chronic Width = 1/3*(w) = 1/3*(72.2 m) = 24.07 m Chronic Length = 2*(w) = 2*(72.2) = 144.4 m

The instream waste concentration at this boundary is the Chronic Test Concentration. CTC @ 2*BH = 24.07 is 0.87% CTC @ x = 144.4 is 1.3%

The most stringent of the above concentrations is the acute concentration of 1.6%, however this will be used as a chronic concentration (which covers both the acute at 1.6% and the chronic at 1.3%).

3. From the information described above, using the pro cedures in Regulation 61-9.122.44(d)(1)(ii), the Department cannot determine whether this discharge may cause, may have the reasonable potential to cause or may contribute to an excursion of the narrative water quality standard of “no t oxics in toxic amounts” from Regulation 61-68. Therefore, monitoring for whole effluent toxicity is being required to co llect data on which to base a decision. Part V of the permit includes a reopener that allows the Department to reopen the permit to include an effluent limit if the testing establishes that reasonable potential exists for toxicity.

New methods for WET testing were published by EPA in the Federal Register on November 19, 2002 as “Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants; Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods: Final Rule, 67 FR 69952.” The methods are referenced in the permit.

The Department has added language to the Bureau of Wate r document entitled “Options for Data Analysis of Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing Required by NPDES Permits,” September 2001 referenced in the permit which accounts for test variability, an issue that has been raised by numerous permittees. The EPA documents “Understanding and Accounting for Method Variability in Whole Effluent Toxic ity Applications Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Program ,” June 2000 and “Method Guidance and Recomme ndations for Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing (40 CFR Part 136),” July 2000 list some of the ways in which variability may be addressed. The pass/fail test previously used has been replaced with a multi-dilution requirement, as recommended by EPA, which allows the permittee the ability to collect more information relative to the point where toxicity actually occurs and average test results for compliance where more than one test is conducted during a monitoring period.

The permittee must Monitor and Report (MR) monthly Chronic Multiconcentration Tests using the CTC of 1.6% and the following test concentrations: 0% ( control ), 1%, 1.6%, 5%, 11% and 25% effluent.Rationale Page 39 of 38

Permit No. SC0023264