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                                                                Exhibit 3(i)

                          CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

                                       OF

                               ICHOR Corporation


   1.  The name of the corporation is ICHOR Corporation (the "Corporation").

   2.  The name of its registered agent is The Corporation Trust Company and
the address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is Corporation
Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware
19801.

   3.  The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or
activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, as from time to time amended.

   4.  The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation
shall have authority to issue is Thirty-Five Million (35,000,000) shares, of
which Five Million (5,000,000) shares shall be preferred stock, $.01 par value,
and Thirty Million (30,000,000) shares shall be common stock, $.01 par value.
The preferred stock of the Corporation may be issued from time to time in one
or more series.  The Board of Directors is expressly authorized, in a
resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such preferred stock, to
fix, state and express the powers, rights, designations, preferences,
qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof and to fix the number of
shares of such series.

     Except as otherwise provided by law, the shares of stock of the
Corporation, regardless of class, may be issued by the Corporation from time to
time in such amounts, for such consideration and for such corporate purposes as
the Corporation's Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

   5.  In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by law, the
Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the By-laws
of the Corporation, but any By-laws so made, altered or repealed may be amended
or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote thereon.

   6.  (a)  The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Section
145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from
time to time, indemnify every person who is or was a party, or is threatened to
be made a party,

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to (i) any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether
civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, or (ii) any threatened,
pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to
procure a judgment in its favor, by reason of the fact that such person serves
or has served at any time as a Director or officer of the Corporation, or who
at the request of the Corporation serves or at any time has served as a
Director or officer of another corporation (including subsidiaries of the
Corporation) or of any partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
from and against any and all of the expenses, liabilities or other matters
referred to in or covered by said law.  Such indemnification shall continue as
to a person who has ceased to be a Director or officer and shall inure to the
benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.  The
Corporation may also indemnify any and all other persons whom it shall have
power to indemnify under any applicable law from time to time in effect to the
extent authorized by the Board of Directors and permitted by such law.  The
indemnification provided by this Article 6 shall not be deemed exclusive of any
other rights to which any person may be entitled under any provision of the
Certificate of Incorporation, other By-Law, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested Directors, or otherwise, both as to action in his official
capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

     (b)  To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the
Corporation, or a person serving in any other enterprise at the request of the
Corporation, shall have been successful on the merits or otherwise  in defense
of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsection (a) of this Article
6 or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified
against all expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably paid
or incurred by him in connection therewith.

     (c)  Any indemnification under this Article 6 (unless ordered by a court)
shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent
is proper in the circumstance because he has met the applicable standard of
conduct set forth in this Article 6.  Such determination shall be made (1) by
the board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors
who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a
quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested
Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel, who may be one


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of the regular independent legal counsel of the Corporation, in a written
opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.

     (d)  Expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by a person in
defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or
proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition
of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt by the Corporation of an
undertaking in writing by or on behalf of the person to be indemnified to repay
such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be
indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article 6.  Such expenses
(including attorneys' fees) incurred by other employees and agents may be so
paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors deems
appropriate.

     (e)  The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation,
or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him
in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the
Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under
the provisions of this Article 6.

     (f)  For purposes of this Article 6, the term "corporation" shall include
constituent corporations referred to in Subsection (h) of Section 145 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any similar provision of
applicable law at the time in effect), and references to "other enterprises"
shall include employee benefit plans.

   7.  A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the
Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (A) for any breach of the director's
duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (B) for acts or
omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a
knowing violation of law, (C) under Section 174 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law or (D) for any transaction from which the director derives an
improper personal benefit.  If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended
after this Article 7 becomes effective to authorize elimination or limitation
of liability of directors, then, upon the effective date of any such amendment,
the liability of a director of the Corporation shall, without further





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act, be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware
General Corporation Law as so amended.  Any repeal or modification of this
article by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any
right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of
such repeal or modification.

   8.  The Corporation shall not be governed by the provisions of Section 203
of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

   9.  In elections for directors, voting need not be by ballot, unless
required by vote of the stockholders before the voting for the election of
directors begins.

   10.   The name and mailing address of the incorporator is as follows:

                    Richard D. Rose
                    One Riverfront Center
                    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

   I, THE UNDERSIGNED, being the incorporator hereinbefore named, for the
purpose of forming a corporation pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware, do make this certificate, hereby declaring and certifying
that this my act and deed and the facts herein stated are true, and accordingly
have hereunto set my hand this 16th day of September, 1996.


                                                     /S/ Richard D. Rose
                                                   ----------------------------
                                                         Richard D. Rose
                                                         Incorporator


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