[Cite as Jaun v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., Dist. 8, 2009-Ohio-7165.]

Court of Claims of Ohio

The Ohio Judicial Center 

65 South Front Street, Third Floor 

Columbus, OH 43215 

614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 

www.cco.state.oh.us

GREGORY JAUN 

 Plaintiff 

 v. 

OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, DISTRICT 8 

 Defendant 

Case No. 2009-06702-AD 

Deputy Clerk Daniel R. Borchert 

MEMORANDUM DECISION

FINDINGS OF FACT 

{¶ 1} 1) On July 19, 2009, at approximately 8:00 a.m., plaintiff, Gregory Jaun, 

was traveling on Interstate 275 in Hamilton County, when his 2005 BMW 645ci struck a 

large pothole causing wheel damage to the vehicle. Plaintiff specifically located the 

damage-causing pothole “on the temporary entrance ramp from I-275 West onto I-75 

North.” 

{¶ 2} 2) Plaintiff implied his property damage was proximately caused by 

negligence on the part of defendant, Department of Transportation (ODOT), in failing to 

maintain the roadway free of defects, such as potholes. Plaintiff filed this complaint 

seeking to recover $380.72, the cost of automotive repair he incurred resulting from the 

July 19, 2009 incident. The filing fee was paid. 

{¶ 3} 3) Defendant denied liability in this matter based on the contention that 

no ODOT personnel had any knowledge of the particular pothole prior to plaintiff’s 

property damage event. Defendant maintained ODOT records show no prior calls or 

complaints were received regarding the particular pothole which defendant located at 
state milepost 43.32 on Interstate 275 in Hamilton County. Defendant asserted plaintiff 

has failed to produce any evidence to establish the length of time the pothole at 

milepost 43.32 existed prior to 8:00 a.m. on July 19, 2009. Defendant suggested “it is 

more likely than not that the pothole existed in that location for only a relatively short 

amount of time before plaintiff’s incident.” Defendant contended plaintiff has not proven 

his property damage was attributable to any conduct on the part of ODOT personnel. 

Defendant submitted a copy of its maintenance records for Interstate 275 in Hamilton 

County and these records show ODOT personnel patched potholes in the vicinity of 

plaintiff’s damage occurrence on February 25, 2009. No additional pothole repairs were 

conducted in the area until after July 19, 2009. Defendant explained “if ODOT 

personnel had detected any defects they would have been promptly scheduled for 

repair.” Defendant argued plaintiff has failed to prove his property damage was caused 

by any breach of ODOT’s duty of care to maintain the roadway. 

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 

{¶ 4} For plaintiff to prevail on a claim of negligence, he must prove, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that defendant owed him a duty, that it breached that 

duty, and that the breach proximately caused his injuries. Armstrong v. Best Buy 

Company, Inc., 99 Ohio St. 3d 79, 2003-Ohio-2573, 788 N.E. 2d 1088, ¶8 citing 

Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St. 3d 75, 77, 15 OBR 179, 472 

N.E. 2d 707. Plaintiff has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, 

that he suffered a loss and that this loss was proximately caused by defendant’s 

negligence. Barnum v. Ohio State University (1977), 76-0368-AD. However, “[i]t is the 

duty of a party on whom the burden of proof rests to produce evidence which furnishes 

a reasonable basis for sustaining his claim. If the evidence so produced furnishes only 

a basis for a choice among different possibilities as to any issue in the case, he fails to 

sustain such burden.” Paragraph three of the syllabus in Steven v. Indus. Comm.

(1945), 145 Ohio St. 198, 30 O.O. 415, 61 N.E. 2d 198, approved and followed. 

{¶ 5} Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe 

condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976), 

49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an 

insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996), 

112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67 
Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864. 

{¶ 6} In order to prove a breach of duty to maintain the highways, plaintiff must 

prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant had actual or constructive 

notice of the precise condition or defect alleged to have caused the accident. McClellan 

v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388. Defendant is only liable for 

roadway conditions of which it has notice, but fails to reasonably correct. Bussard v. 

Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. 

{¶ 7} Ordinarily in a claim involving roadway defects, plaintiff must prove either: 

1) defendant had actual or constructive notice of the defective condition and failed to 

respond in a reasonable time or responded in a negligent manner, or 2) that defendant, 

in a general sense, maintains its highways negligently. Denis v. Department of 

Transportation (1976), 75-0287-AD. There is no evidence defendant had actual notice 

of the pothole plaintiff’s car struck. Therefore, to establish liability plaintiff must produce 

evidence of either constructive notice or negligent maintenance. 

{¶ 8} “[C]onstructive notice is that which the law regards as sufficient to give 

notice and is regarded as a substitute for actual notice or knowledge.” In re Estate of 

Fahle (1950), 90 Ohio App. 195, 197-198, 47 O.O. 231, 105 N.E. 2d 49. “A finding of 

constructive notice is a determination the court must make on the facts of each case not 

simply by applying a pre-set time standard for the discovery of certain road hazards.” 

Bussard, 31 Ohio Misc. 2d at 4, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. “Obviously, the 

requisite length of time sufficient to constitute constructive notice varies with each 

specific situation.” Danko v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (Feb. 4, 1993), Franklin App. 92AP1183. In order for there to be a finding of constructive notice, plaintiff must prove, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that sufficient time has elapsed after the dangerous 

condition appears, so that under the circumstances defendant should have acquired 

knowledge of its existence. Guiher v. Dept. of Transportation (1978), 78-0126-AD; 

Gelarden v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., Dist. 4, Ct. of Cl. No. 2007-02521-AD, 2007-Ohio3047. 

{¶ 9} Size of the defect (pothole) is insufficient to show notice or duration of 

existence. O’Neil v. Department of Transportation (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 287, 587 

N.E. 2d 891. The trier of fact is precluded from making an inference of defendant’s 

constructive notice, unless evidence is presented in respect to the time that the 
defective condition (pothole) developed. Spires v. Ohio Highway Department (1988), 61 

Ohio Misc. 2d 262, 577 N.E. 2d 458. There is no evidence of constructive notice of the 

pothole. Also, plaintiff has not produced any evidence to infer that defendant, in a 

general sense, maintains its highways negligently or that defendant’s acts caused the 

defective condition. Herlihy v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1999), 99-07011-AD. 

Plaintiff failed to show the damage-causing pothole at the time of the damage incident 

was connected to any conduct under the control of defendant or any negligence on the 

part of defendant. Herman v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (2006), 2006-05730-AD. 

 

 

 

Court of Claims of Ohio

The Ohio Judicial Center 

65 South Front Street, Third Floor 

Columbus, OH 43215 

614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 

www.cco.state.oh.us 

GREGORY JAUN 

 Plaintiff 

 v. 

OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, DISTRICT 8 

 Defendant 

Case No. 2009-06702-AD 

Deputy Clerk Daniel R. Borchert 

ENTRY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINATION
 Having considered all the evidence in the claim file and, for the reasons set forth 

in the memorandum decision filed concurrently herewith, judgment is rendered in favor 

of defendant. Court costs are assessed against plaintiff. 

 

 ________________________________ 

 DANIEL R. BORCHERT 

 Deputy Clerk 

Entry cc: 

Gregory Jaun Jolene M. Molitoris, Director 

8 Rose Lane Farm Department of Transportation 

Loveland, Ohio 45140 1980 West Broad Street 

 Columbus, Ohio 43223 

RDK/laa 

10/14 

Filed 11/18/09 

Sent to S.C. reporter 3/5/10