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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#00B050; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Some personal identifiers have been redacted for privacy purposes.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION<span>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t,</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> v. </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">TNT CRANE & RIGGING, INC.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket No</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1872</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Josh Bernstein</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, Esq.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, Department of Labor, Office of Solicitor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Dallas, Texas</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Travis W. Vance, Esq. &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Pamela D. William</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, Esq.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Fisher & Phillips LLP, Houston, Texas</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">or Respondent</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Be</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">fore: </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Patrick B. Augustine</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>– U. S. Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">I.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Procedural History</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On the second night of a two-day project to install new air conditioning units on top of the Wal-Mart store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>located<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 1821 S. Padre Island Dr.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in Corpus Christi, Texas,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s mobile crane<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tipped over, causing severe injuries to the operator.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant dispatched Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs) Stephanie<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Carlos Casas to inspect the worksite the very next morning. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">134–35</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inspection, Complainant issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“Citation”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which allege</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a serious violation of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(b) of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. § 659(c) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) and proposed a penalty of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$12,675.00 for Citation 1, Item 1(a)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. C-1 at 6). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent timely contested the Citation, bringing this matter before the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Occupational Safety and Health Review<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“Commission”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A trial was held on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">December 3–4, 2018, in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Houston</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Texas.<span>
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						</span>The following<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">individuals testified: (1) Santos Gil,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Daytime Superintendent for Better Built Enterprises, the project</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>general contractor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (2) Marty Campbell,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nighttime<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent for Better Built Enterprises</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (3) Raymond Bucher,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">former operator/truck driver/rigger for Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (4) CSHO Stephanie<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (5)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent’s crane operator; (6) Isidro Rodriguez, a rigger for Respondent; (7) Troy Pierce, Respondent’s Vice-President of Health, Safety and Environment; and (8) Matthew Gardiner, Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proffered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">expert.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Both parties timely submitted post-trial briefs for the Court’s consideration.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>After considering the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">record, the parties’ respective arguments, and the law, the Court finds Respondent failed to provide adequate support for the mobile crane pursuant to the manufacturer’s specifications. Accordingly, the Citation and Notification of Penalty, as amended, shall be affirmed.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">II.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Stipulations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>& Jurisdiction</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stipulated to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">jurisdictional and legal matters, which were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">submitted by the parties as Joint Exhibit 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Based on the parties’ stipulations, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission has jurisdiction over the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">matter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 29 U.S.C.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">659(c).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Further, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent was an employer engaged in a business and industry affecting interstate commerce within the meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3(3) and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3(5) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 652(5). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Sl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ingluff</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 425 F.3d 861, 866</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">67 (10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2005).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">III.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Factual Background</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Better Built Enterprises</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(BBE)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was hired by Wal-Mart to install new air conditioning units on the roof of its store in Corpus Christi, Texas. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">52</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). BBE hired Respondent to lift the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">new<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">air conditioning units to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and remove the old ones</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">52</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Raymond<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bucher</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the lift portion of this project was scheduled to take place<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">after midnight<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">over the course of two nights. (Tr. 112</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e scheduling was designed to minimize customer impact and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because, on the second night, the crane had to be placed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the entrance to the store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">112, 260</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The crane tipped over on the second night of lifting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, just outside the main entrance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">59–60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Pre-planning</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Prior to conducting the lifts, Santos Gil from BBE met with a representative from the HVAC contractor</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and a representative from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to walk around the worksite, identify the air conditioning units to be replaced, and assess what kind of crane would fit the needs of the job and where it should be located for the lifts. (Tr. 39–40). After the meeting,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>created a preliminary lift plan, which showed where the crane should be placed and the swing radius of the boom during the individual lifts. (Tr. 43; Ex. C-19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). According to Gil, he reviewed the plan Respondent sent to him and updated it with elements designed to protect the general public. (Tr. 43). Specifically, he lined out where orange fencing would be placed to prevent the public, including customers and Wal-Mart employees, from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entering</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>areas where they would be exposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the work occurring on the roof overhead.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>According to Gil, neither he nor anyone from TNT discussed or asked about the ground conditions at the two locations where the crane would be operating. (Tr. 40). </span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">First Night</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On the first night,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and his crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">met at Respondent’s Corpus Christi yard and traveled to Wal-Mart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with haul trucks and a 265-ton<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Liehberr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>mobile crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 69). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to Ray Bucher</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was spotting the crane on the backside of the store, near the automotive department, when the rest of the crew pulled up in the haul trucks with all the necessary equipment. (Tr. 70). Bucher and the rest of the crew followed suit by spotting the haul trucks in the appropriate locations. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">70). Once the trucks and the crane were in position, the crew started to set up the crane for the lift. (Tr. 70).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In a nutshell, the crane is supported and balanced with a combination of counterweights, outriggers, and steel mats, each of which is roughly 6-foot by 6-foot and weighs approximately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4000<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pounds.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">76, 184</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). The outriggers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which have “feet” or “floats” at the bottom,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>extend outward from the mobile crane and are set upon the mats, which distribute the load of the crane over a larger surface area to prevent the foot of the outrigger from sinking into the surface the crane is parked on. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">86</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). The counterweights, as the name implies, stabilize the crane by counteracting the weight and force imposed by the boom and the load being lifted.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to Bucher,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>who was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">qualified to operate the crane at issue,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the crew started by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>setting the crane on half outriggers without counterweights<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and without the crane’s boom being scoped out</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 73–74). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Then, Bucher testified,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>used the crane to offload the mats and set them beside the outriggers, which were then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fully<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">spread out and set down on the mats. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">73). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This was confirmed by one of the riggers, Isidro Rodriguez, who<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unloaded the mats with the crane, and all four were placed under the outrigger feet prior to lifting the air conditioning units. (Tr. 311). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Typically, prior to performing a lift, the crew gathers to discuss the lift and the associated safety issues to develop a Job Safety Analysis (JSA). (Tr. 305). Both Bucher and Rodriguez testified that they did not have their customary Job Safety Analysis (JSA) meeting prior t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o either of the lifts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">70–71</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 303). Instead, the riggers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">discussed safety issues on their own prior to starting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 303–304).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that everyone participated in the JSA discussion, even though he was the only one that signed it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">202</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 303–304; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santos<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Gil, the daytime superintendent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for BBE</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, testified that he did not observe the crew setting up the crane; instead, he just verified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s operating license and went home.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 46–47). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Marty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Campbell, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>nighttime superintendent,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">crane crew was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parked</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">near the automotive center</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and was beginning the set-up process</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when he arrived</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 57). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Everyone from BBE and Respondent remarked that the area where the crane was parked was a combination of asphalt and concrete</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; no one observed any adverse conditions, nor were they informed of any hazards hidden below the surface. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">52–53, 116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">206</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">During their discussions, n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">obody from TNT or BBE brought up the issue of ground conditions at either of the proposed lift locations. (Tr. 52).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>At the end of the first night, the crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prepared for the second night by equipping the crane with a jib, which extends the reach of the crane. (Tr. 200,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">312</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). This was necessary because the location at the front of the store was farther away from the location where the air conditioning units were to be installed. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">312–313</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Second Night</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On the second night, the crew moved the crane and trucks to the front side of the store. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Once</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it was parked, the crane was equipped with the jib</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fully loaded with 119,000 pounds of counterweights</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and sitting on half outriggers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 88). Although the crew did not conduct a job safety analysis,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">understood that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>forklift operator<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hired by BBE</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would be setting down the mats for the outriggers. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">90–91</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">113, 201, 319</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the crew was setting up</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the forklift operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, who was accompanied by one of Respondent’s riggers,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>set down two of the mats near the outriggers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">315</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). According to Bucher</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the forklift operator and the rigger<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">went to the back of the store to retrieve two additional mats</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, after which they planned on setting them underneath the outrigger feet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">90–92</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). According to Rodriguez and Bucher, the forklift operator only had capacity for two mats at one<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">time and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had to make two trips in order to safely deliver the mats. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">92, 315</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, who either did not hear the forklift operator or did not understand</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, became<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">impatient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and decided to set the mats using the crane.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">6</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">318–19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>swung the cab of the crane, which was fully loaded with 119,000 pounds of counterweights</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipped with the jib extension, to pick up<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the mats. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">110</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). As the rear of the crane traveled over the top of the rear outriggers, which were not equipped with mats, the f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oot of one of the rear outriggers pierced the concrete and caused the crane to tip backwards, where it came to rest on the counterweights on top of the asphalt and concrete. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">95;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, C-7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). As it started to tip,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exited the cab<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in an attempt to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>get out before the crane rolled over and was struck by the pill ball at the end of the crane’s cable and was knocked to the ground. (Tr. 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">93–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">94).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Both Rodriguez and Bucher expressed surprise that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>decided to set the mats with the crane configured as it was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; in fact,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both of them</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>expected he would set down the counterweights before swinging the cab over half-extended outriggers without adequate ground support. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">111</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">320–21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Neither of them understood why<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was in such a hurry, because it was before midnight, which was the designated start time, and the process for removing the weights and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pinning back the jib would not have put them behind schedule, nor, for that matter, would waiting for the forklift operator to return. (Tr. 111–112,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">319</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 408</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bucher, who had experience operating this specific crane,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">said</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s maneuver was prohibited by both the crane manual and TNT policy.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">7</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">104–105</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">D.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Recovery Efforts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and Subsequent Investigations</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The recovery operation to upright the tipped crane began shortly after midnight on the second night. (Tr. 46). Respondent brought in two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cranes that were placed along either side of the tipped crane. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">48</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-7 at 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). The recovery cranes were both located on the asphalt portion of the parking lot and their outriggers were placed on steel mats; neither of them experienced any issues with the ground conditions. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>CSHOs<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Casas arrived at the worksite the next morning. CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that they did not want to interfere with the recovery efforts, so they briefly collected contact information from Troy Pierce, took some photographs of the accident scene, and made contact with BBE and the HVAC subcontractor, A/C Tech. (Tr. 131; Ex. C-6).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Later on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>contacted Pierce to request documents and schedule interviews with the employees that were present for the tip-over; however,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">due to his injuries,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not available to be interviewed. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">131</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">253</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Based on the information she<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gathered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and research performed on cranes, CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dovalina</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>recommended and Complainant issue</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d the following Citation item.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">IV.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Discussion</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Law Applicable to Alleged Violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>of Section 5(a)(2)</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of an OSHA standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ection<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5(a)(2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">must</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>establish</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>applies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(2) the terms of the standard were violated;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(3) employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were exposed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the hazard covered by the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and (4) the employer had actual or constructive knowledge of the violation (i.e.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employer knew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with the exercise of reasonable diligence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>could have known of the violative condition).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atlantic Battery Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC 2131, 2138 (No. 90-1747, 1994).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant has the burden of establishing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>each element by a preponderance of the evidence.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Hartford Roofing Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1361 (No. 92-3855, 1995). “Preponderance of the evidence” has been defined as:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:53.733px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The greater weight of the evidence, not necessarily established by the greater number of witnesses testifying to a fact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">but by evidence that has the most convincing force</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; superior evidentiary weight that, though not sufficient to free the mind wholly from all reasonable doubt, is still sufficient to incline a fair and impartial mind to one side of the issue rather than the other. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Black’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s Law Dictionary, “Preponderance of the Evidence” (10th ed. 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis added)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 1, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">a</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant alleged a serious violation of the Act in Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1 as follows:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">26.1402(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The equipment was assembled or used without ensuring that ground conditions were firm, drained, and graded to a sufficient extent so that, in conjunction (if necessary) with the use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of supporting materials, the equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manufacturer’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment were met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On or about March 23, 2017, at this location, the employer did not ensure that equipment was assembled and/or operated on ground that could support the mobile crane structure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and Notification of Penalty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 6.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The cited standard provides:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:90px; text-indent:-2.381cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-1.27cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The equipment must not be assembled or used unless ground conditions are firm, drained, and graded to a sufficient extent so that, in conjunction (if necessary) with the use of supporting materials, the equipment manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment are met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-1.27cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">26.1402(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Standard<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applies</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">8</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A standard must be read as a coherent whole and, if possible, construed so that every word has some operative effect.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Am.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Fed’n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Gov’t Emps., Local 2782 v. FLRA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 803 F.2d 737, 740 (D.C. Cir. 1986) (“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[R]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">egulations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are to be read as a whole, with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">each part or section . . . construed in connection with every other part or section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”) (internal citation omitted);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">E.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Smalis</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Painting Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 22 BNA OSHC 1553, 1580</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 94-1979, 2009) (same);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Summit Contractors, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 23 BNA OSHC 1196, 1202</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">–12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">03 (No. 05-0839, 2010) (noting rule of statutory construction that every word be given effect</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">), aff’d per<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">curiam</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 442 F.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App’x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>570 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (unpublished).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.1400, “This standard applies to power-operated equipment, when used in construction, that can hoist, lower and horizontally move a suspended load. Such equipment includes, but is not limited to: . . . mobile cranes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” A mobile crane, according to the standard’s definition section, is “a lifting device incorporating a cable suspended latticed boom or hydraulic telescopic boom designed to be moved between operating locations by transport over the road.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1401. Thus, at a minimum,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ubpart CC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which contains 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is applicable to the work performed by Respondent.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Although Subpart CC applies, Respondent contends the specific subparagraph cited by Complainant does not apply to it, as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crane operator.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Rather, Respondent argues the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirements of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.1402(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are solely the province of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the controlling entity—in this case BBE.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent is mistaken. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When the regulations are read as a whole, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he plain language of the cited standard, the surrounding standards, as well as the preamble to the final rule</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>all<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">compel the conclusion Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as operator,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is obligated to comply with 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(b).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The cited standard begins with the following clause: “The equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">must not be assembled or used</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unless<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis added).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In other words, the prohibition is directed at the entity responsible for using or assembling the crane, which, in most cases, is the operator. In this case, Respondent was responsible for both the assembly and operation of the crane. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">48–49, 180–81</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Instead of focusing on the initial clause prohibiting use or assembly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">over</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasizes the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>importance of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conditional clause, which indicates when the crane can be assembled or used: “unless ground conditions are firm, drained, and graded to a sufficient extent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(b). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The reason for this emphasis is evident in subparagraph (c)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>states, “The controlling entity must [e]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nsure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that ground preparations necessary to meet<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">the requirements</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of paragraph (b) of this section are provided.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§ 1926.1402(c)(1) (emphasis added).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Rather than supporting Respondent’s argument, however, the language of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1402</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(c)(1) highlights a couple of flaws in Respondent’s reasoning. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>First,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1402</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(c)(1) indicates that there are requirements, plural, in paragraph (b). Among those requirements are: (1) no assembly or use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">unless</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ground is firm, drained, and graded; and (2) th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level are met.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Only Respondent is responsible for the use and assembly of the crane and, consequently, is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">likely<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the only entity capable and qualified to determine whether adequate support and degree of level are consistent with the crane manufacturer’s specifications.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Cranes and Derricks in Construction, 75 Fed. Reg. 47906,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">47935</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Aug. 9, 2010)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Second,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when paragraphs (b) and (c) are read together, the respective obligations of operator and controlling entity are rendered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">more definite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. In the case of the controlling entity, it is obliged to ensure that ground preparations are provided to ensure the ground is sufficiently firm, drained, and graded. In the case of the operator, it is prohibited from operating or assembling the crane until<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the ground conditions are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to meet the manufacturer’s specifications.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was setting up and operating the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as it began to tip</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Therefore,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the assessment of whether conditions were adequate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have been determined</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to those<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">engaging in those<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">activities</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was operating the crane, he needed to ensure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manufacturer’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>specifications for adequate support and degree of level were met. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">75 Fed. Reg. at 47932 (“[T]he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of equipment in accordance with manufacturer specifications regarding degree of level would meet § 1926.1402(b)’s requirement because the provision permits the use of the equipment in accordance with those specifications.”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In simpler terms, and as illustrated by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other sections of the standard, section 1402 establishes a framework of cooperation between operator, controlling entity, and property owner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and allocates responsibility based on their respective spheres of expertise and anticipated knowledge</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">9</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>This understanding is reinforced by paragraph (e), which states, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If the A/D director or the operator determines that ground conditions do not meet the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, that person’s employer must have a discussion with the controlling entity regarding the ground preparations that are needed . . . .” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(e). Not only does paragraph (e) envision cooperation between the controlling entity and the operator (or A/D director, if necessary), it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supports</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the plain reading of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1402</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(b)(1) recounted above. The operator, who would be most familiar with whether ground conditions are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to make the determination whether the ground conditions meet the requirements of (b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before operating or assembling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. If, in the operator’s estimation, those conditions are insufficient, he is not only prohibited from using or assembling the crane, but he (or his employer) is obligated to have a discussion with the controlling entity about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">what preparations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are necessary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to ensure the ground conditions are made sufficient.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The preamble to the standard only reinforces the plain language of the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, especially the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court’s reading of paragraph (e)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It states:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under [section 1926.1402], employers must</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ensure that the surface on which a crane is operating is sufficiently level and firm to support the crane in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. In addition, § 1926.1402<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">imposes specific duties on both the entity responsible for the project (the controlling entity) and the entity operating the crane to ensure that the crane is adequately supported</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. It places responsibility for ensuring that the ground conditions are adequate on the controlling entity, while also making the employer operating the crane responsible [sic] notifying the controlling entity of any deficiency in the ground conditions, and having the deficiency corrected before operating the crane.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">75 Fed. Reg.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">47912<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(emphasis added)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds the foregoing passage could not be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clearer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in its allocation of responsibilit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y. The controlling entity must ensure adequate ground conditions under<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1402(c), and the operator must ensure that such conditions are, in fact adequate, before it can operate or assemble the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>under<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1402(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">10</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>This explanation is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mirrored by the plain language of the standard. Accordingly, the Court finds the standard applies.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Respondent Violated the Terms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>of the Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The basic facts about the crane tip-over are not in dispute</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: (1) the crane was fully loaded with 119,000 pounds of counterweights and jib extension; (2) the outriggers were only half extended and were not supported with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">steel mats</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (3)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">foot of the rear outrigger punched through the concrete sidewalk in front of the store; and (4) the crane tipped over.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Instead, the dispute over whether the standard was violated has to do with what, exactly, constitutes a violation of the standard. Complainant contends the failure to use “supporting materials”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as required by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Liehberr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, violated the ground conditions standard because the manufacturer’s requirements for adequate support were not met. Respondent, on the other hand, argues the standard can only be violated “if the ground conditions are insufficient to operate the crane with the use of the crane’s supporting materials, as recommended by the crane’s manufacturer.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 20. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ultimately, Respondent contends Complainant is improperly using a ground condition standard to cite Respondent for its failure to use required supporting materials. In support of this argument, Respondent points out that, in addition to the standard at issue, Complainant initially cited Respondent pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1404(h)(2), which provides that the “size, amount, condition and method of stacking the blocking must be sufficient to sustain the loads and maintain stability.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1404(h)(2). Complainant ultimately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dismiss</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that citation item.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent argues it is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1404(h)(2), not the cited ground condition standard, that requires the use of supporting materials<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to operate a crane in a safe manner. The Court disagrees for the following reasons</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the applicability of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.1404(h)(2), the Court will not opine on why Complainant opted to withdraw the citation item; however, it will discuss why that provision is not applicable to the condition at issue in this case. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since 2014, Complainant has consistently distinguished the assembly/disassembly (A/D) process from the process of equipment set-up. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Compliance Directive for the Cranes and Derricks in Construction Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CPL 02-01-057 at p. 20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(October 17, 2014). In its discussion of A/D, the directive makes clear that sections 1926.1403 to 1926.1406 “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">do not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>apply to equipment set up.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis in original). Rather:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Set-up consists of procedures conducted to deploy an assembled crane. For example, if the equipment operator merely unfolds and pins the boom of a fully assembled truck crane it would be inappropriate to apply A/D requirements. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Another example of typical set-up<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is the deploying of outriggers and leveling the equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Note that Subpart CC does have some requirements for set-up, such as § 1926.1402(c)(2), requiring that the user be informed of hazards beneath the set-up area, and § 1926.1431(c), requiring level ground conditions and use of any outriggers or stabilizers.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">11</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(emphasis added).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to Pierce,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was in the set-up phase of operation when the accident occurred. (Tr. 422–23). Specifically, he stated, “The phase of work he was in was setting up. Setting his mats so that he could go to work lifting the air conditioners.” (Tr. 423). When asked by the Court whether that would be considered “assembly”, Pierce stated, “No, sir, it would not be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Setting up is separate from assembly.” (Tr. 422). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Because Respondent, by its own admission, was in the process of set-up, the Court rejects Respondent’s argument as to the applicability of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1404(h)(2).<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1402(b) requires more</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>than assuring the ground is firm, drained, and graded. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As noted above, under</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1402(c)(1), the controlling entity is required to ensure preparations necessary to meet “the requirements” of paragraph (b) are provided.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(c)(1). Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard, as described in the preamble</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>appears to combine both</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the requirements of the crane and the conditions of the ground under the umbrella term “requirements”:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[P]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">aragraph</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(c)(1) provides that the controlling contractor is responsible for “ensuring” that these ground conditions are provided. In other words, if the controlling contractor is not familiar with the crane’s requirements or with the ground conditions at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particular site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, then it must make sure that someone who is familiar with those requirements and conditions provides what is required by § 1926.1402(b).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">75 Fed. Reg. at 47934. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This makes sense because</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n reality,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">one</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would not be able to determine whether t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he requirements of the standard were satisfied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without resort to an evaluation of the equipment specifications for adequate support and degree of level</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, because each crane has different requirements</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The manufacturer’s specifications, therefore, become the baseline measurement of whether, under the conditions, the ground is sufficiently firm, drained, and graded.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The hang-up between Complainant and Respondent is the clause: “in conjunction (if necessary) with the use of supporting materials<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(b). Complainant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues that, because the concrete crumbled and the crane tipped over, the ground was not sufficiently firm under the conditions<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>set-up and operated the crane, i.e., half-outriggers with no mats and fully loaded with counterweights and jib extension</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Therefore,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the crane’s specifications for adequate support could not have been met. Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as competent person and operator, failed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">appropriately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">determine that mats were necessary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the conditions prior to using the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Respondent, however, sees the disputed clause not as a requirement, but<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as a hypothetical, so to speak. In other words, Respondent argues the ground conditions at Wal-Mart, on their own, were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>used the steel mats; whether he did or did not is irrelevant to whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>made an appropriate assessment of whether the ground<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conditions were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>sufficient.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The standard requires more than such hypothetical considerations; rather, the final clause of the standard states, “so that . . .<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the equipment manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">are met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis added).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to make such a determination.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>According to the compliance directive, Complainant indicates it will issue a citation pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1402(b) if the CSHO determines the crane or other hoisting equipment is out of level.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CPL 02-01-057 at p.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16–17</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In other words, a violation of the standard follows from a failure to ensure the specifications are met, not that it is hypothetically the case that they will be. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Depending on the CSHO’s observation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, this could be because the ground is neither sufficiently firm, nor drained, nor graded for the manner in which a particular type of crane is being operated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or being set up, which includes a determination of whether supporting materials were necessary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">12</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Piedmont Mechanical, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">24 BNA OSHC 1153, 2013 WL 5505282 at *12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 11-2562, 2013</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ALJ<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Welsch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>found</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failure to place pads under outriggers of crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">given</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ground conditions presented</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>constituted a violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(b))</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">13</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bucher<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">determining whether supporting materials were necessary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dictated by the crane’s load charts (manufacturer’s specifications)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">83</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">163–64, 189</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>According to Bucher,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">there is no load chart that allows you to use a crane—fully loaded with counterweights, jib extended, on half outriggers—to set support mats; however, he noted there was a load chart available for setting mats without the counterweights attached. (Tr. 88–89, 105–106). This is consistent with the manual’s repeated warnings against operating the crane without the use of support pads, as well as an additional warning that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“the support force, due to the counterweight, can be higher without a load than with a load.” (Ex. C-32 at 6).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was less certain in his knowledge of what the crane manual load charts permitted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Over the course of three pages of testimony, he went from saying that the manual does not give specifics of the procedure for setting the mats “rigged” up to stating that the manual does show how to set the mats with the crane “I would assume bare” to stating that the load chart permits the operator to use the crane to set the m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ts with half outriggers and a fully loaded crane. (Tr. 186–189). Compared to the certainty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">repeatedly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">expressed by Bucher,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>responded to questions about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the crane’s configuration</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was permitted by the manual</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with “I believe so”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“I believe it does”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, “I’m sure it does”, and “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I’m assuming . . . .”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 187–189).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the estimation of his colleagues and superiors</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">used the crane in a configuration that caused it to tip over and/or crush the concrete beneath the half-extended outrigger foot</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which they believe would not have happened if he dropped the counterweights, removed the jib extension, and/or permitted the forklift operator to finish setting down the mats</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>improperly determined (if at all) that the manufacturer’s specifications were met.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">14</a></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In this case, the Court’s determination<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level were not met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is aided by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the fact the crane’s foot crushed through the concrete</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>It is unclear whether this was the result of the crane tipping and crushing through the concrete, or because the foot crushed the concrete and caused the crane to tip over,</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref16" href="#ftn16">15</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but the conclusion is still the same: ground conditions were not adequate for the configuration</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and supporting materials were necessary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Thus,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>should not have used or set-up the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the manner that he did</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not ensure that the manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level were met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the terms of the standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">c.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Complainant Was Not Required to Prove the Existence of a Hazard</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent also argues Complainant failed to prove the existence of a hazard and, thus, cannot establish the existence of a violation. Respondent is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mistaken both as to the law and as to the impact of the facts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Joseph J.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Stolar</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Constr. Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2020, 2024 n.9 (No. 78-2528, 1981) (“The Commission has held that, when a standard prescribes specific means of enhancing employee safety, a hazard is presumed to exist if the terms of the standard are violated.”). When a standard prescribes specific means of enhancing employee safety, a hazard is presumed to exist if the terms of the standard are violated.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Clifford B.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hannay</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>& Son, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 6 BNA OSHC 1335, 1337 (No. 15983, 1978). Where a standard presumes a hazard, however, the Secretary need only show the employer violated the terms of the standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kaspar</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Electroplating Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1517 (No. 90-2866, 1993). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">also Sanderson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Farms, Inc. v. Perez</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">811</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F.3d.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">730</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(5th Cir. 2016)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“[H]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">azard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is generally presumed unless the regulation requires the Secretary to prove it.”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Therefore, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ccording to the Commission</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, “Unless the general standard incorporates a hazard as a violative element, the proscribed condition or practice is all that the Secretary must show; hazard is presumed and is relevant only to whether the violation constitutes a ‘serious’ one.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Bunge Corp. v. Sec’y of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 638 F.2d 831, 834 (5th Cir. 1981);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Pyramid Masonry Constr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1461, 1464 (No. 91-600, 1993) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">if standard presumes that hazard exists when its terms are not met, Secretary need not prove existence of hazard)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proscribes certain conduct under<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">certain conditions; namely, it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prohibits the use of a crane unless</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ground conditions are such that the manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level are met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Failure to comply with those conditions establishes the existence of a hazard.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref17" href="#ftn17">16</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Further, the fact the crane tipped over because those requirements were not met is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">strong</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>evidence that a hazard existed.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">d.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Respondent Had Knowledge of the Violation</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant asserts Respondent had knowledge of the violation through its crane operator and competent person,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Respondent contends it did not have knowledge of the violation because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">designated as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not possess the traditional powers and duties of a supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and that his conduct was not foreseeable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the evidence shows<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as the on-site competent person,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was responsible for ensuring the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crew performed the work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safely and in conformity with the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which the Commission has held is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for characterizing an employee as a supervisor. Further, the Court also finds his knowledge is properly imputable to Respondent because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the rules/policies governing his conduct were insufficient and there is no evidence that audits/inspections were performed to identify violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:216px; text-indent:-.318cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:216px; text-indent:-.318cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">i.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Crane Operator was a Supervisor</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission has repeatedly held that “job titles are not controlling and that the power to hire and fire is not the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">sine qua non</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of supervisory status<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson Contractors, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 BNA OSHC 1078 (No. 99-0018, 2003)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Instead, the key question is whether the individual in question “was vested with some degree of authority over the other crew members assigned to carry out the specific job involved.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Iowa Southern Utilities Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5 BNA OSHC 1138 (No. 9295, 1977)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This includes, amongst other things: the power to order that necessary steps be taken<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>do the job properly, ensuring that work will be done in a safe manner, ensuring compliance with OSHA regulations, and identifying and implementing corrective measures to eliminate hazards.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 BNA OSHC 1078</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Iowa Southern</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 5 BNA OSHC 1138</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Kerns Bros. Tree<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Svcs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18 BNA OSHC 2064</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">96-1719</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2000</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (crew leader responsible for seeing work done safely and properly based on written work order);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Propellex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18 BNA OSHC 1677</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">96-0265</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1999</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (finding persuasive fact that lead person could not directly fire or discipline, but could report violative behavior to her formal supervisor)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Commission was persuaded</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and found “decisive significance” in the fact that the foreman (not supervisor) was the company’s designated competent person at the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, meaning he was responsible for compliance with OSHA regulations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 BNA OSHC 1078</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As discussed above, the Commission also found other indicia of authority, such as supervising the work activities of his crew, taking necessary steps to complete job assignments, and ensur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work was being completed safely.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The Commission was not persuaded by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the company’s arguments</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the foreman was not officially designated as a supervisor or that he could not hire or fire employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>While<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not a “designated” supervisor, the Court finds he possessed many of the indicia of authority discussed by the Commission. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>participated in a walkthrough of the worksite with the representatives of the general contractor and subcontractors to personally inspect the areas where the crane would be set-up; supervised the assembly of the crane;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and completed the lift plan, crane inspections, and field ticket on TNT’s behalf. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">166</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">–70</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-28, C-29, C-30, R-6, R-7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Equally persuasive is the fact that both Bucher, who is a crane operator, and Rodriguez both testified they recognized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as their supervisor during the Wal-Mart project</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and explained why</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Specifically, Bucher stated, “TNT instructs everybody that’s operating—the crane operator, they are the supervisor, they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are in charge of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that job.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Whatever job they send you to, it’s the responsibility of the crane operator. If there is no safety or supervisor out, then, yes, it is the crane operator’s job.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” (Tr. 9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8–99</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Likewise, Rodriguez testified, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[H]e is not an actual supervisor, no. He’s an opera—h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e’s the one controlling everything that night</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . .</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> I was working for him, yes, that night. I can call him supervisor. I can call him an operator. But I’m working under him.” (Tr. 306–308). Rodriguez</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Bucher</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also noted an operator can refer problematic employees to dispatch or his immediate supervisor. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">100,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">308–309). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Like the compan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ie</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s in the cases discussed above, Respondent places a lot of stock in the fact that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not designated as a supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, could not hire or fire, and did not possess disciplinary authority over other employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Resp’t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 23. Respondent also attempts to distinguish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by arguing that the person in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was designated as a “foreman” and that he was assigned to supervise the work activities of his crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, whereas<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was neither a foreman, nor was he designated to supervise the crane crew. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not have an official title of “foreman” or “manager” or “supervisor”,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>both Rodriguez and Bucher testified convincingly that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>supervised the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">set-up</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the crane</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessed the conditions of the worksite to ensure that work would be done safely and complied with the plan developed by each of the contractors</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The fact that they recognized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as their<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de facto</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>supervisor only solidifies the Court’s conclusion that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was their supervisor for the purposes of establishing knowledge.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Likewise, Respondent’s own policy defines a competent person as an “employee capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to all personnel and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">who has authorization</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.” (Ex. R-27).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Rawson</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 BNA OSHC 1078</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(discussing indicia of authority, including duty to identify and take prompt corrective measures to eliminate hazards).<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:216px; text-indent:-.318cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:216.933px; text-indent:-.318cm; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">ii.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Crane Operator’s Knowledge is Imputable to Respondent under<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">W.G. Yates</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Because this case took place within the boundaries of the Fifth Circuit, the Court is obliged to apply Fifth Circuit precedent.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Farrens</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tree Surgeons, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1793, 1794–95 (No. 90-998, 1992) (holding that Commission typically applies precedent of circuit to which a case is “highly probable” to be appealed, even though it may differ from Commission precedent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Fifth Circuit views imputing the knowledge of a supervisor that engaged in misconduct to be tantamount to imposing a strict liability standard, “which the Act neither authorizes nor intends.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">W.G. Yates & Sons Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">459 F.3d 604, 607 (5th Cir. 2006)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Horne Plumbing & Heating Co. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 528 F.2d 564, 568 (5th Cir. 1976)). Thus, the court held a “supervisor’s knowledge of his own malfeasance is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>imputable to the employer where the employer’s safety policy, training, and discipline are sufficient to make the supervisor’s conduct in violation of the policy unforeseeable.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 608–609.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See also Kerns Bros. Tree Svc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18 BNA OSHC 2064</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(measuring foreseeability in the Third Circuit by analyzing a company’s training, safety policy, site inspections, and discipline).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Because knowledge is an element of Complainant’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">prima facie<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">case, the Fifth Circuit held it is Complainant’s burden to establish the supervisor’s misconduct was foreseeable.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Court finds Complainant established<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s actions were foreseeable on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>separate bases: (1) the rules governing the use of a crane to set the steel mats were contradictory and insufficiently descriptive</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(2)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s audit and supervision policy were insufficient to identify and correct problems such as this.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As to Respondent’s rules</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and safety policy</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Court was convinced by the work rule</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>governing the use of outriggers and supporting materials and the equivocal testimony of Respondent’s VP of HSE, Troy Pierce, on the issue. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under the Standard Operating Procedure for Cranes, there are two rules that appear to be in contradiction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding the use of supporting materials. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he SOP states, “Steel plates, pads, or timber mats shall be used under the outriggers of all cranes no exceptions.” (Ex. R-19 at 1). Immediately following, another rule states, “In the event that the crane is on stable ground it is permissible to utilize the crane to place plates and mats only.” (Ex. R-19 at 1).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Although the second provision appears to be an exception to the very clear “no exception” rule immediately preceding it, Pierce attempted to explain the first rule applies to “lifting mode”, whereas the second rule applies to “set-up mode”. (Tr. 421). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pierce clarified this did not refer to any specific mode of the crane; rather, that “set-up” and “lifting” were separate phases of work. (Tr. 422–23). In either case, such a distinction is not found in the Standard Operating Procedures or anywhere else in the policies introduced into evidence.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> For that matter, the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">finds</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Pierce’s explanation of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">difference only confused the matter further.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he SOPs do not discuss whether an operator can set his own mats when the crane is fully loaded with counterweights, nor do they dictate whether or how outriggers should be set up under such circumstances. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">185, 420, 424–25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). In fact, according to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, he noted he had moved cranes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rigged with the jib and counterweights numerous times, set the mats with the crane in that configuration before, and the operating chart for the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Liehberr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crane has a chart for the crane to operate in that configuration. (Tr. 186).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At a minimum, the Court finds Respondent’s rules were insufficiently specific to govern the conduct complained of in this case.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>If the head of health and safety was not capable of clearly explaining the distinction—not to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mention</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he admitted it was poorly written—it is certainly foreseeable an employee would have similar difficulties understanding and implementing the rule.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Pride Oil Well Serv.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1809, 1815 (No. 87-692) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[T]he real problem was that Pride had failed to formulate and implement adequate work rules and training programs to ensure that [the employee] had been informed of the appropriate safety considerations.”</span><span style="font-family:Arial; color:#212121; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Arial; ">)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court finds there was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a lack of oversight and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>subsequent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>discipline with respect to Respondent’s safety policy.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Some employees testified that audits and inspections occurred; however, there was no documentation of these audits/inspections</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>even though<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">documentation was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>requested by Complainant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 240–41).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Thus, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lthough lip service was paid to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">policy of conducting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>audits and worksite inspections, the lack of any documentary evidence of these audits</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">/inspections</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is telling. (Tr. 125, 197,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">240–241,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">437–438</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. R-25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ccording to Pierce,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unless a member of management or a supervisor is at the worksite, then daily and/or weekly inspections will not be performed. (Tr. 441). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In other words</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the implementation of the policy is contingent upon whether Respondent opts to send a member of its management team to a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particular worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">without evidence indicating how such audits/inspections are conducted, their scope, or their frequency, the Court is left to guess as to their efficacy</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and whether the policy is executed as written</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g., Dover Elevator Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNAOSHC 1281, 1287 (No. 91–862, 1993) (“In evaluating the adequacy of a safety program, the substance of the program is determinative rather than its formal aspects”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As a testament to this fact,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified he had never been disciplined</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">—</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nor told it was a violation of policy</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">—</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for using a fully loaded crane to set his own supporting mats</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Given the lack of clearly defined rules governing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conduct,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the lack of evidence indicating Respondent performed audits/inspections of its worksites and the quality of those inspections, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s own testimony that he had not been disciplined or at least informed that utilizing the crane in such a manner was a violation, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s actions at the Wal-Mart worksite were foreseeable. Accordingly, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s knowledge is properly imputable to Respondent.</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">e.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Respondent’s Employees Were Exposed to<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">a Hazard</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In order to establish exposure, Complainant must show that “employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ither while in the course of their assigned working duties, their personal comfort activities while on the job, or their normal means of ingress-egress to their assigned workplaces, will be, are, or have been in a zone of danger.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gilles &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cotting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 3 BNA OSHC 2002 (No. 504, 1976). In this case, there is no serious dispute about any of the crew members’ exposure. Both Bucher and Rodriguez were in proximity to the crane as it tipped over.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 237).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was seriously injured when he attempted to exit the crane as it was tipping</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and was struck by the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pill</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ball attached to the cable. Accordingly, Complainant established employee exposure.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">f.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Failed to Establish Affirmative Defense of Unpreventable Employee Misconduct</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under Commission precedent, to establish unpreventable employee misconduct, an employer must prove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">preponderance of the evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that it has: (a) established work rules designed to prevent the violation, (b) adequately communicated those work rules to its employees, (c) taken steps to discover violations, and (d) effectively enforced the rules when violations were discovered.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">American Sterilizer Co. (“AMSCO”),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>18 BNA OSHC 1082, 1087 (No. 91-2494, 1997). As previously discussed with respect to the question of whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s misconduct was foreseeable, the Court finds Respondent failed to have adequate work rules designed to prevent the violation and failed to take steps to discover violations of its own policy or the Act. As far as the evidence is concerned, Respondent has a program that looks good on paper, but is not carried out in practice. There is no evidence of audits or inspections that took place, which would identify how violations such as this are discovered and remedied. Nor, for that matter, is there any evidence of disciplinary actions coming from the Corpus Christi yard, where this crew was stationed. Instead, there are a handful of disciplinary actions from San Antonio and one from Marshall, most of which deal with PPE violations and motor vehicle issues. (Ex. R-30).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent failed to prove the affirmative defense; thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s affirmative defense is rejected.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">g.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Violation Was Serious</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A v</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">iolation is “serious” if there wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the violative condition. 29 U.S.C. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">666(k). Compla</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inant need not show there wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s a substantial p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">robability that an accident would</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually occur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he need only show if an accident o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ccurred, serious physical harm c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ould result. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phelps Dodge Corp. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 725 F.2d 1237, 1240 (9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1984)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If the possible<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injury addressed by a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regulation is death or serious physical harm, a violation of the regulation is serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">osser Construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 1044 (No. 08-0631, 2010);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dec-Tam Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 2072</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 88-0523, 1993).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard is designed to protect against the possibility of a crane tipping over, which unfortunately happened in this case. As noted in the preamble to the final rule,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Crane tip-over incidents caused by inadequate ground conditions are a significant cause of injuries and fatalities.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">75 Fed. Reg. at 47931. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s permanently disabling injury, which resulted from being struck by the pill ball and knocked<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the ground<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from the tipped-over crane, illustrates this fact. Accordingly, the Court finds the violation was serious.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:168px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">h.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Penalty</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In calculating appropriate penalties for affirmed violations,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 17(j) of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requires</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Commission give due consideration to four criteria:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the size of the employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s business,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(2)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the gravity of the violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(3)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the good faith</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(4) the employer’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prior history of violations.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Gravity is the primary consideration and is determined by the number of employees exposed, the duration of the exposure, the precautions taken against injury, and the likelihood of an actual injury.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Construction Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15 BNA OSHC 2201 (No. 87-2059, 1993). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is well established that the Commission and its judges conduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty determinations and have full discretion to assess penalties based on the facts of each case and the applicable statutory criteria. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 17 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1135<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 93-0239, 1995);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allied Structural Steel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2 BNA OSHC 1457<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 1681, 1975).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent is a large employer, with over 1300 employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 238).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>This<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">incident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>resulted in a serious injury to one of its employees and exposed at least two others to equally serious, if not life-threatening, injury. The evidence shows Respondent has been inspected in the recent past and was issued serious citations for violations discovered in those inspections. (Tr. 237).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Therefore, the Court gives no discount for size or history. Al</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">though Respondent pointed to its partnership with OSHA in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ABC OSHA Cooperative Safety</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>program as justification for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">discounted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalties, the Court is not bound by such considerations as it determines penalties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 341–42).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Given the seriousness of the injuries that resulted from this violation and the potential for other injuries to occur, the Court finds the penalty of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12,675.00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as proposed by Complainant, to be appropriate.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A penalty of $12,675.00 will be assessed.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">RDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The foregoing Decision constitutes the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ions of Law, it is ORDERED that:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>as a Serious citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and a penalty of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$12,675.00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is ASSESSED.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">____________________________</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Patrick B. Augustine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Judge, OSHRC</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>July 30, 2019</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Denver, Colorado</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">1 </span></a>. Citation 1, 1a is the only remaining citation item from the original Citation and Notification of Penalty. The remaining citation items were withdrawn by Complainant via joint motion, which was approved by the Court on August 31, 2018. (Exs. J-2, J-3).<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">2 </span></a>. After<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">voir dire</span>, the Court determined Mr. Gardiner was only brought in to proffer his interpretation of the cited standard. The Court determined such testimony would not aid in its determination of the issues, and Respondent decided not to pursue Mr. Gardiner’s testimony on the technical matters of ground pressure and standard operating procedures in the industry. (Tr. 471–485). Accordingly, Respondent withdrew Mr. Gardiner as an expert. (Tr. 485).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">3 </span></a>. Subsequent references to the parties’ Joint Stipulations will indicate the source and specific stipulation, e.g., “Stip. No. ___”. <span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">4 </span></a>. The HVAC contractor was A/C Tech; no one from that company testified at trial.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">5 </span></a>. Bucher referred to this set-up as running the crane “bare”. (Tr. 88). <span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">6 </span></a>. [redacted]<span><span></span>
					</span>testified the forklift driver told him he could not set the mats where they needed to be, so he decided to do it for himself. (Tr. 201). This is inconsistent with the overwhelming weight of the testimony and the fact that one of the rigging crew members was assisting the forklift operator with the mat retrieval. Accordingly, the Court disregards this testimony.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">7 </span></a>. [redacted]<span><span></span>
					</span>testified he has previously set mats with the crane in this configuration and was not aware it was against TNT policy or the crane manual. (Tr. 185–188). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">8 </span></a>. This question was also addressed by the Court in its Order on Respondent’s Motion for Summary Judgment. As illustrated herein, neither the analysis nor the Court’s conclusion have changed.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">9 </span></a>. In some instances, the controlling entity and the property owner may be one<span>
					</span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>the same.<span>
					</span>That<span><span></span>
					</span>is not the case here.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">10 </span></a>. As noted in footnote 3 of the Court Order on Respondent’s Motion for Summary Judgment:<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">T</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">he way a controlling entity “ensures” proper ground conditions is a matter of context.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">The</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>preamble identifies two key problems with ground condition assessment: “(1) Equipment is commonly brought on site by a subcontractor, who typically has neither control over ground conditions nor knowledge of hidden hazards, and (2) the entity that usually does have such authority—the controlling entity—may not have the expertise to know what changes are needed to make the ground conditions suitable . . . .” 75 Fed. Reg. at 47931. To address the concern inherent in (2), “the Committee developed § 1926.1402(e)”, which</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>requires<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">the input of the crane operator</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>A/D director.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.1402(e). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">It is also</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>interesting that the term “controlling entity” is not used at all in the preamble’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">discussion of</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>paragraph (b).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">at 47932.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">11 </span></a>. It should be noted that § 1926.1431(c) is not applicable to this case, because it applies to personnel hoists. Further, the use of the phrase “such as” indicates a non-exhaustive list of representative set-up standards, including the one at issue.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">12 </span></a>. <span><span></span>
					</span>As indicated by many of Respondent’s witnesses, there are some instances in which supporting materials may not be necessary, such as placing mats with the crane when it is not fully loaded with counterweights and jib extension while resting on concrete.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">13 </span></a>. <span><span></span>
					</span>This case was appealed to the Commission and remanded to the ALJ on the separate issue of knowledge.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See Piedmont Mechanical, Inc.</span>,<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>24 BNA OSHC 1153. That issue was reaffirmed by the ALJ in a separate opinion. 24 BNA OSHC 2144, 2014 WL 702321 at *3.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">14 </span></a>. While<span>
					</span>[redacted]<span><span></span>
					</span>said he had set his own mats in this configuration and under similar conditions before, such an assessment, so called, hardly complies with the requirements of<span>
					</span>§<span>
					</span>1402(b).<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn16" href="#ftnref16"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">15 </span></a>. Respondent brought up this concern during<span>
					</span>CSHO Dovalina’s testimony. (Tr.<span>
					</span>250).<span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn17" href="#ftnref17"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">16 </span></a>. An example of a standard that does not presume the existence of a hazard is 29 C.F.R. § 1910.94(d)(9)(v), which states, “<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Whenever there is a danger of splashing</span><span><span></span>
					</span>. . . .the employees so engaged shall be required to wear . . . goggles or an effective face shield.”<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See Anoplate Corp.</span>, 12 BNA OSHC 1678 (No. 80-4109, 1986) (emphasis added) (discussing 29 C.F.R. § 1910.94(d)(9)(v)).<span>
					</span></p>
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