#### DEN ex dem HENRY B. VAN PELT et al. v. LITTLEJOHN PUGH.

The acts of 1777 (Rev. *eh.*114, s. 11,) and 1783, *(Rev. ch.*185, s. 14,) which require grants to be recorded in the Secretary’s Office, do not impose upon the grantee the burden of showing affirmatively that it has been done. The non-recording, if an available objection at all, must be shown by him who makes it. But *it seems, that*such an objection is not available at all.

Slight and immaterial mistakes in the recording of a grant, will not avoid it.

This was an action of ejectment, tried before his Honor Judge Strange, on the last Fall Circuit, at Curri-tuck.

Upon the trial, the plaintiff, in support of his title, offered in evidence an original grant from the state to Daniel Van Pelt. The grant was No. 531 — was under the great seal, signed by the Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary of State, dated the twenty-fourth day of May, 1810, for one hundred and fifty acres of land, lying in the County of Currituck, described more particu*211larly by certain lines and boundaries, and corresponding with the tract described in the declaration. This grant was duly registered in the Register’s office of the County of Currituck, and this memorandum was indorsed on it: “ Recorded in the Secretary’s office, Wm. M. White, P. Sec.” To show that this grant had been recorded in the Secretary’s Office, the plaintiff introduced as evidence, what he alleged was a copy of the grant from the books of that office, certified by the secretary himself. This document purported to be a copy of a grant of the same number to the same person, for the same quantity of land, (interposing, however, between the words “ acres of” and “ land” the word “ marsh,”) lying in the same county, of the very same date, the same beginning, and also describing the boundaries as mentioned in the original grant, except in two particulars, viz. First, the distance and termination of the first line, as described in the original, were, “ 85 chains to the point next to *Anderson’s*Island.” In the copy, they were “ 85 chains to the point next to *Adderson’s*Island.” The second variance was in the description of the second line. The original calling for a course and distance “ S. 55° E. *one chain*and seventy-five linksthe copy for “ S. 55° E. seventy-five,” leaving out the words *one chain*and also the word *links.*The defendant contended, from these variances, that in law, the grant had never been recorded in the Secretary’s Office, and was therefore void, and should not be readjjjin evidence. His Honor permitted the grant to be read; whereupon the plaintiff had a verdict, and the defendant appealed.

*Iredell,*for the defendant.

*Kinney, contra.*

Daniel, Judge,

after stating the case as above, proceeded : — It is here contended for the defendant, that from the facts disclosed in the case, the grant to Daniel Van Pelt never was recorded in the Secretary’s Office; and that it is void by force of the act of 1777, *(Rev. ch.*114, s. 11). That section of the act is in these words: “ That the secretary shall make out grants for all surveys returned to his office, which grants shall be authenticated by the *212Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary, and recorded in his office, ready toffie delivered to the parties to whom the same shall be made, on the first day of April and October in every year; and every person obtaining a grant for lands, shall within twelve months after such grant shall be perfected as aforesaid, cause the same to be registered in the Register’s Office of the county where the lands shall lie, otherwise such grant shall be void.” This Court, in the case of *Slade*v. *Green,*2 Hawks, 226, put a construction upon this section of the act of 1777. It is there said, “ that the grant is directed to be registered in the Secretary’s Office, but it is made the duty of the Secretary to have it done, and the grantee ought not to be injured by his neglect. By the same *section*it is made the duty of the grantee to have it registered in the county where the lands lie, and in case of neglect it is declared void: but this penalty is not referable to the first part of the section, which directs registration in the Secretary’s Office. That would be inflicting punishment on the innocent, which is due to the guilty.” We think this is a correct construction, and therefore concur in the same. But the land offices were closed by the act of 1781, *(Rev. ch.*172,) and the *act*of 1777 was repealed so far as it was inconsistent with the latter act. The act of 1783, *(Rev. ch.*185,) reopened the land offices ; and the 14th section of this act is the same *verbatim*with the 11th section óf the act of 1777, except the sentence “ otherwise such grants shall be void,” which is omitted.

The act of Assembly does not require of the Secretary to indorse upon the grant, before its delivery to the grantee, a certificate that it has been recorded in his office; and we learn from the Secretary, that from the period when the proprietary government ceased, more than a hundred years ago, until since he came into office, no such indorsations have ever in fact been made. It has been usual to require from the assistants in the office a memorandum of the recording for the information of the secretary, and to govern him in the delivery of the grants. In the absence of any positive requirement of such a certificate, and from the long usage which we *213regard as high evidence of this, and the former laws on the same subject, we hold that a grantee is not bound to show affirmatively, that his grant has been recorded. The entire ground of the defendant’s objection is taken away, because he did not show that the grant had not been recorded. Upon the delivery to the grantee, the presumption of law is, that the grant has been perfected, and this presumption must continue until it has been proved, that the fact is otherwise. But upon examining the supposed copy, it seems to us, that the grant has been recorded, although inaccurately and defectively. The misprisions of the clerk are reprehensible, but do not annul the act. If registration *necessarily*implies an exact transcript, *literatim et verbatim,*the reason of the law for requiring the original to be produced in all cases where it can be had, would fail. Errors and mistakes are incident to frail human nature. The original is always expected to speak more correctly than a copy. We think the evidence was admissible, and that the judgment should be affirmed.

Per Curiam. Judgment affirmed.