NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.

UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL

AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE

ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS

DIVISION ONE

RACHEL C., Appellant,

v.

DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, A.C., Appellees.

No. 1 CA-JV 21-0134

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County

No. JD 532600

The Honorable Kristin Culbertson, Judge

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

Maricopa County Legal Defender’s Office, Phoenix

By Jamie R. Heller

Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix

By Emily M. Stokes

Counsel for Appellee, Department of Child Safety

FILED 9-14-2021
RACHEL C. v. DCS, A.C.

Decision of the Court

2

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Michael J. Brown delivered the decision of the Court, in which 

Presiding Judge Randall M. Howe and Judge Brian Y. Furuya joined.

B R O W N, Judge:

¶1 Rachel C. (“Mother”) appeals the juvenile court’s order 

terminating her parental rights to her daughter A.C., born in 2014. Because 

reasonable evidence supports the order, we affirm.

BACKGROUND

¶2 Mother and Thomas L. (“Father”) are A.C.’s biological 

parents. Father is not a party to this appeal.

¶3 In March 2019, police were called to maternal grandmother’s 

home because Mother was incoherent and appeared to be under the 

influence of drugs. Mother was taken to a mental health facility for a 72-

hour psychological observation. After her release, she returned to maternal 

grandmother’s home and left with A.C. Though it made several attempts

to find Mother, the Department of Child Services (“DCS”) was unable to 

contact her until June. Because she continued to behave erratically, DCS

requested that she submit to drug testing. A urine analysis was negative, 

but Mother refused a hair follicle test. A few days later, however, Mother 

admitted she recently used methamphetamine, marijuana, and 

unprescribed Adderall. 

¶4 DCS petitioned for dependency, alleging Mother was unable 

to parent due to substance abuse, mental health, and neglect. After Mother 

failed to appear at a pretrial conference, the juvenile court granted the 

petition and approved a case plan of family reunification. A.C. was placed 

with paternal grandparents and DCS offered Mother various services, 

including substance abuse treatment and testing. 

¶5 In December 2020, DCS moved for termination of Mother’s 

parental rights based on 15 months’ time-in-care and prolonged substance 

abuse. See A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(3), (8)(c). At the termination hearing, DCS 

presented evidence that it provided a variety of reunification services to 

Mother including drug testing, a parent aide, visitation with A.C., and 

multiple referrals to TERROS for help with her substance abuse. The DCS 
RACHEL C. v. DCS, A.C.

Decision of the Court

3

case worker testified she was concerned about Mother’s sobriety. The 

exhibits admitted without objection confirmed that Mother either failed to 

call in for or skipped many drug tests, failed to complete any TERROS

referrals, and tested positive for THC, cocaine, and methamphetamine. 

¶6 The juvenile court found that DCS proved both grounds for

termination and that it was in A.C.’s best interests. Mother timely appealed,

and we have jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-235(A).

DISCUSSION

¶7 To terminate parental rights, the juvenile court must find (1) 

one of the statutory grounds articulated in A.R.S. § 8–533(B), by clear and 

convincing evidence; and (2) that termination is in the child’s best interests, 

by a preponderance of the evidence. Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 284, 

¶ 22 (2005). The court must also find that DCS made reasonable efforts to 

reunify the family. Jennifer G. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 211 Ariz. 450, 453, 

¶ 12 (App. 2005). DCS is not required to provide every conceivable service, 

but it must give a parent “the time and opportunity to participate in 

programs designed to improve the parent’s ability to care for the child.” 

Mary Ellen C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 193 Ariz. 185, 192, ¶ 37 (App. 1999). 

Here, Mother challenges the court’s findings relating to reunification 

services and best interests. 

¶8 We view the evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining 

the juvenile court’s ruling and will affirm if supported by reasonable

evidence. Jordan C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 223 Ariz. 86, 93, ¶ 18 (App. 

2009). We do not reweigh the evidence presented because “[t]he resolution 

of conflicting evidence is ‘uniquely the province of the juvenile court’ . . . 

even when ‘sharply disputed’ facts exist.” Alma S. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 

245 Ariz. 146, 151, ¶ 18 (2018) (citations omitted).

A. Reunification Services 

¶9 Mother argues that because DCS did not offer her any mental 

health services, termination of her parental rights was improper. She 

contends that because her mental health was one of the circumstances that 

led to A.C.’s out-of-home placement, DCS was required to make reasonable 

efforts to provide reunification services addressing her mental health. 

Mother also points out that TERROS recommended that DCS refer her for 

a psychological evaluation and noted she has mental health issues that need 

to be identified or addressed, but DCS took no further action.
RACHEL C. v. DCS, A.C.

Decision of the Court

4

¶10 Mother does not identify, and our review of the record does 

not reveal, any point in the record where she raised the lack of mental health 

services in the juvenile court. Thus, she has waived the right to challenge 

the court’s finding that DCS made reasonable efforts to provide those 

services. See Shawanee S. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 234 Ariz. 174, 175, ¶ 1

(App. 2014). Moreover, DCS did not seek termination based on Mother’s 

mental health, and she does not explain how mental health services would 

have helped in addressing her prolonged substance abuse. Regardless, the 

record supports the court’s finding. 

¶11 Mother failed to fully engage in any service offered, including 

visitation with A.C. Mother received four referrals to TERROS for her 

substance abuse issues but did not complete any of them. At various times 

throughout the case, Mother tested positive for THC, methamphetamine,

and cocaine; and she failed to call in for drug testing more than 300 times. 

Before DCS would assess whether she needed additional services,

including mental health treatment, Mother was told she needed to 

demonstrate sobriety, which did not happen. And Mother does not dispute 

she was offered the various services outlined above. Thus, reasonable 

evidence supports the court’s finding that DCS made reasonable efforts to 

provide reunification services.

B. Best Interests

¶12 Termination of parental rights “is in the child’s best interests 

if either: (1) the child will benefit from severance; or (2) the child will be 

harmed if severance is denied.” Alma S., 245 Ariz. at 150, ¶ 13. “[W]hen a 

current placement meets the child’s needs and the child’s prospective 

adoption is otherwise legally possible and likely,” a court may find 

termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests. Id. at 151, ¶ 14 

(quotation and citation omitted). The court considers the “totality of the 

circumstances existing at the time of the severance.” Id. at 150, ¶ 13.

¶13 Mother argues the court abused its discretion in finding 

termination in A.C.’s best interests because the court could not properly 

consider the totality of the circumstances when Mother was not provided 

mental health services. As noted, the court did not err in concluding that 

DCS made reasonable reunification efforts. Thus, we reject Mother’s 

contention that the court failed to consider all pertinent factors and 

evidence.

¶14 Mother also argues that she and A.C. are bonded. In its 

ruling, the juvenile court explained it had considered “the totality of the 
RACHEL C. v. DCS, A.C.

Decision of the Court

5

circumstances, including Mother’s efforts toward reunification, the parentchild bond, and fitness to parent.” The court also considered A.C.’s need 

for permanency and stability. Specifically, the court discussed A.C.’s 

current placement with paternal grandmother, where A.C. is “thriving” 

and able to maintain relationships with family members. The court also 

found that paternal grandmother intends to adopt A.C., but if not, A.C. is 

otherwise adoptable. The court recognized Mother’s bond with the child; 

however, the bond between them cannot supersede A.C.’s need for safety 

and stability. See Alma S., 245 Ariz. at 150, ¶ 12 (“The child’s interest in 

stability and security must be the court’s primary concern.”). Because the 

court properly considered the relevant factors relating to best interests, no 

abuse of discretion occurred. Thus, we also reject Mother’s assertion that 

the court’s ruling on best interests lacked supporting evidence. 

CONCLUSION

¶15 We affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating Mother’s 

parental rights to A.C.