# Official Journal L 185/2012

| | ISSN 1977-0677
  doi:10.3000/19770677.L_2012.185.eng |
| --- | --- |
| Official Journal
  of the European Union | L 185 |
| | |
| English edition | Legislation | Volume 5513 July 2012 |

ISSN 1977-0677

doi:10.3000/19770677.L_2012.185.eng

Official Journal

of the European Union

L 185

English edition

Legislation

Volume 5513 July 2012

---

| Contents | | II   Non-legislative acts | page |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | ACTS ADOPTED BY BODIES CREATED BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS |
| | * | Regulation No 81 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of rear-view mirrors of two-wheeled power-driven vehicles with or without side-car, with regard to the mounting of rear-view mirrors on handlebars | 1 |
| | * | Regulation No 90 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of replacement brake lining assemblies, drum brake linings and discs and drums for power-driven vehicles and their trailers | 24 |

Contents

II   Non-legislative acts

page

ACTS ADOPTED BY BODIES CREATED BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

*

Regulation No 81 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of rear-view mirrors of two-wheeled power-driven vehicles with or without side-car, with regard to the mounting of rear-view mirrors on handlebars

1

*

Regulation No 90 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of replacement brake lining assemblies, drum brake linings and discs and drums for power-driven vehicles and their trailers

24

| EN | Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period.
  The titles of all other Acts are printed in bold type and preceded by an asterisk. |
| --- | --- |

EN

Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period.

The titles of all other Acts are printed in bold type and preceded by an asterisk.

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II Non-legislative acts

ACTS ADOPTED BY BODIES CREATED BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

| 13.7.2012 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 185/1 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

13.7.2012

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 185/1

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Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html

Regulation No 81 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of rear-view mirrors of two-wheeled power-driven vehicles with or without side-car, with regard to the mounting of rear-view mirrors on handlebars

Incorporating all valid text up to:

Supplement 2 to the original version of the Regulation — Date of entry into force: 18 June 2007

CONTENTS

REGULATION

| 1. | Scope |
| --- | --- |

1.

I.   REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

| 2. | Definitions |
| --- | --- |

2.

| 3. | Application for approval |
| --- | --- |

3.

| 4. | Markings |
| --- | --- |

4.

| 5. | Approval |
| --- | --- |

5.

| 6. | General requirements |
| --- | --- |

6.

| 7. | Special specifications |
| --- | --- |

7.

| 8. | Tests |
| --- | --- |

8.

| 9. | Conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

9.

| 10. | Penalties for non-conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

10.

| 11. | Modification and extension of approval of the type of rear-view mirror |
| --- | --- |

11.

| 12. | Production definitely discontinued |
| --- | --- |

12.

II.   INSTALLATION OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

| 13. | Definitions |
| --- | --- |

13.

| 14. | Application for approval |
| --- | --- |

14.

| 15. | Approval |
| --- | --- |

15.

| 16. | Requirements |
| --- | --- |

16.

| 17. | Conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

17.

| 18. | Penalties for non-conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

18.

| 19. | Modification and extension of approval of the vehicle type |
| --- | --- |

19.

| 20. | Production definitely discontinued |
| --- | --- |

20.

| 21. | Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments |
| --- | --- |

21.

ANNEXES

| Annex 1 — | Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of rear-view mirror, pursuant to Regulation No 81 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 1 —

| Annex 2 — | Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of rear-view mirrors, pursuant to Regulation No 81 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 2 —

| Annex 3 — | Arrangement of the rear-view mirror approval mark |
| --- | --- |

Annex 3 —

| Annex 4 — | Arrangements of the vehicle approval mark concerning the installation of rear-view mirrors |
| --- | --- |

Annex 4 —

| Annex 5 — | Test method for determining reflectivity |
| --- | --- |

Annex 5 —

| Annex 6 — | Procedure for determining the radius of curvature ‘r’ of a mirror’s reflecting surface |
| --- | --- |

Annex 6 —

| Annex 7 — | Control of the conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

Annex 7 —

1.   SCOPE

This Regulation applies:

| 1.1. | To rear view mirrors intended to be installed on vehicles of categories L (1) without bodywork partly or wholly enclosing the driver and |
| --- | --- |

1.1.

To rear view mirrors intended to be installed on vehicles of categories L (1) without bodywork partly or wholly enclosing the driver and

1

| 1.2. | To the installation of rear view mirrors on vehicles of category L without bodywork partly or wholly enclosing the driver (2). |
| --- | --- |

1.2.

To the installation of rear view mirrors on vehicles of category L without bodywork partly or wholly enclosing the driver (2).

2

I —   REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

2.   DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Regulation,

| 2.1. | ‘Rear-view mirror’ means any device intended to give a clear view to the rear; |
| --- | --- |

2.1.

‘Rear-view mirror’ means any device intended to give a clear view to the rear;

| 2.2. | ‘Rear-view mirror type’ means devices which do not differ in respect of the following main characteristics:






  2.2.1. | The dimensions and radius of curvature of the rear-view mirror reflecting surface, |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.2.

‘Rear-view mirror type’ means devices which do not differ in respect of the following main characteristics:

2.2.1.

The dimensions and radius of curvature of the rear-view mirror reflecting surface,

| 2.2.2. | The design, shape or materials of the rear-view mirrors, including the connection with the vehicle; |
| --- | --- |

2.2.2.

The design, shape or materials of the rear-view mirrors, including the connection with the vehicle;

| 2.3. | ‘Class of rear-view mirrors’ means all devices having one or several features or functions in common.
  The rear-view mirrors mentioned in this Regulation are grouped in Class ‘L’. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.

‘Class of rear-view mirrors’ means all devices having one or several features or functions in common.

The rear-view mirrors mentioned in this Regulation are grouped in Class ‘L’.

| 2.4. | ‘r’ means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in paragraph 2 of Annex 6 to this Regulation; |
| --- | --- |

2.4.

‘r’ means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in paragraph 2 of Annex 6 to this Regulation;

| 2.5. | ‘Principal radii of curvature at one point obtained on the reflecting surface (ri) and (r′i)’ means the values obtained using the apparatus defined in Annex 6, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface contained in a plane parallel to the greatest dimension of the mirror and passing through its centre and on the arc perpendicular to it; |
| --- | --- |

2.5.

‘Principal radii of curvature at one point obtained on the reflecting surface (ri) and (r′i)’ means the values obtained using the apparatus defined in Annex 6, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface contained in a plane parallel to the greatest dimension of the mirror and passing through its centre and on the arc perpendicular to it;

| 2.6. | ‘Radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (rp)’ means the arithmetic average of the principal radii of curvature ri and r′i, i.e.: |
| --- | --- |

2.6.

‘Radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (rp)’ means the arithmetic average of the principal radii of curvature ri and r′i, i.e.:

Formula

| 2.7. | ‘Centre of the mirror’ means the centroid of the visible area of the reflecting surface; |
| --- | --- |

2.7.

‘Centre of the mirror’ means the centroid of the visible area of the reflecting surface;

| 2.8. | ‘Radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the rear-view mirror’ means the radius ‘c’ of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question. |
| --- | --- |

2.8.

‘Radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the rear-view mirror’ means the radius ‘c’ of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question.

3.   APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1.   The application for approval of a type of rear-view mirror shall be submitted by the holder of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative.

3.2.   For each type of rear-view mirror the application shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:

| 3.2.1. | A technical description, including mounting instructions and specifying the type(s) of vehicles for which the rear-view mirror is intended, |
| --- | --- |

3.2.1.

A technical description, including mounting instructions and specifying the type(s) of vehicles for which the rear-view mirror is intended,

| 3.2.2. | Drawings sufficiently detailed to enable:






  3.2.2.1. | Compliance with the general specifications prescribed in paragraph 6 to be verified, |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.2.

Drawings sufficiently detailed to enable:

3.2.2.1.

Compliance with the general specifications prescribed in paragraph 6 to be verified,

| 3.2.2.2. | Compliance with the dimensions prescribed in paragraph 7.1 to be verified and |
| --- | --- |

3.2.2.2.

Compliance with the dimensions prescribed in paragraph 7.1 to be verified and

| 3.2.2.3. | Compliance with the positioning of the spaces provided for the approval mark and prescribed by paragraph 4.2 below to be checked. |
| --- | --- |

3.2.2.3.

Compliance with the positioning of the spaces provided for the approval mark and prescribed by paragraph 4.2 below to be checked.

3.3.   In addition, the application for approval shall be accompanied by four samples of the type of rear-view mirror. At the request of the technical service responsible for conducting approval tests supplementary samples may be required.

3.4.   The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type-approval is granted.

4.   MARKINGS

4.1.   The samples of rear-view mirrors submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer; this marking shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

4.2.   Every rear-view mirror shall possess on its holder a space large enough to accommodate the approval mark, which must be legible when the rear-view mirror has been mounted on the vehicle; this space shall be shown on the drawings referred to in paragraph 3.2.2 above.

5.   APPROVAL

5.1.   If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraphs 6 to 8 below, approval of the pertinent type of rear-view mirror shall be granted.

5.2.   An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another type of rear-view mirror.

5.3.   Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a type of rear-view mirror pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

5.4.   There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in the space referred to in paragraph 4.2 above, to every rear-view mirror conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 4.1, an international approval mark consisting of:

| 5.4.1. | A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (3), |
| --- | --- |

5.4.1.

A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (3),

3

| 5.4.2. | An approval number, |
| --- | --- |

5.4.2.

An approval number,

| 5.4.3. | An additional symbol in the form of the letter ‘L’. |
| --- | --- |

5.4.3.

An additional symbol in the form of the letter ‘L’.

5.5.   The approval mark and the additional symbol shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

5.6.   Annex 3 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the approval mark and additional symbol.

6.   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1.   All rear-view mirrors shall be adjustable.

6.2.   The edge of the reflecting surface shall be enclosed in a holder which, on its perimeter, shall have a value of ‘c’ ≥ 2,5 mm at all points and in all directions. If the reflecting surface projects beyond the holder, the radius of curvature ‘c’ of the edge of the projecting part shall be not less than 2,5 mm and shall return into the holder under a force of 50 N applied to the point of greatest projection relative to the holder in a horizontal direction approximately parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

6.3.   When the rear-view mirror is mounted on a plane surface, all its parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the holder after the test set out in paragraph 8.2, which are in potential static contact with a sphere 100 mm in diameter shall have a radius of curvature ‘c’ of not less than 2,5 mm.

6.3.1.   Edges of fixing holes or recesses, which are less than 12 mm in width are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.3 provided they are blunted.

6.4.   The parts of rear-view mirrors that are made of a Shore A hardness not greater than 60 are exempt from the provisions set out in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 above.

7.   SPECIAL SPECIFICATIONS

7.1.   Dimensions

7.1.1.   The minimum dimensions of the reflecting surface must be such that:

| 7.1.1.1. | The area shall not be less than 69 cm2, |
| --- | --- |

7.1.1.1.

The area shall not be less than 69 cm2,

2

| 7.1.1.2. | In the case of circular mirrors, the diameter shall not be less than 94 mm, |
| --- | --- |

7.1.1.2.

In the case of circular mirrors, the diameter shall not be less than 94 mm,

| 7.1.1.3. | In the case of non-circular mirrors, the dimension will permit the inscription of a circle with a diameter of 78 mm on the reflecting surface. |
| --- | --- |

7.1.1.3.

In the case of non-circular mirrors, the dimension will permit the inscription of a circle with a diameter of 78 mm on the reflecting surface.

7.1.2.   The maximum dimensions of the reflecting surface must be such that:

| 7.1.2.1. | In the case of circular mirrors, the diameter shall not be greater than 150 mm, |
| --- | --- |

7.1.2.1.

In the case of circular mirrors, the diameter shall not be greater than 150 mm,

| 7.1.2.2. | In the case of non-circular mirrors, the reflecting surface shall fit into a rectangle measuring 120 mm by 200 mm. |
| --- | --- |

7.1.2.2.

In the case of non-circular mirrors, the reflecting surface shall fit into a rectangle measuring 120 mm by 200 mm.

7.2.   Reflecting surface and coefficient of reflection

7.2.1.   The reflecting surface of a rear-view mirror shall be spherically convex.

7.2.2.   Differences between the radii of curvature:

| 7.2.2.1. | The difference between ri or r′i and rp at each reference point shall not exceed 0,15 r. |
| --- | --- |

7.2.2.1.

The difference between ri or r′i and rp at each reference point shall not exceed 0,15 r.

| 7.2.2.2. | The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2 and rp3) and r shall not exceed 0,15 r. |
| --- | --- |

7.2.2.2.

The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2 and rp3) and r shall not exceed 0,15 r.

p1

p2

p3

7.2.3.   The value of ‘r’ shall not be less than 1 000 mm nor greater than 1 500 mm.

7.2.4.   The value of the normal coefficient of reflection, determined according to the method described in Annex 5 to this Regulation, shall not be less than 40 %. If the mirror has two positions (‘day’ and ‘night’), the ‘day’ position shall allow the colours of the signals used for road traffic to be recognised. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection in the ‘night’ position shall not be less than 4 %.

7.2.5.   The reflecting surface shall retain the characteristics specified in paragraph 7.2.4, in spite of prolonged exposure to adverse weather conditions, in normal conditions of use.

8.   TESTS

8.1.   Rear-view mirrors shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraphs 8.2 and 8.3 below, to determine their behaviour under impact on and bending of the holder secured to the stem or support.

8.2.   Impact test

8.2.1.   Description of the test device:

| 8.2.1.1. | The test device shall consist of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the front plane containing the ‘release’ trajectory of the pendulum. The end of the pendulum shall comprise a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm and having a 5 mm-thick rubber covering of Shore A 50 hardness. A device shall be provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release. There shall be a support firmly fixed to the structure supporting the pendulum which serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements stipulated in paragraph 8.2.2.6 below. Figure 1 below gives the dimensions of the test facility and the special design specifications. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.1.1.

The test device shall consist of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the front plane containing the ‘release’ trajectory of the pendulum. The end of the pendulum shall comprise a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm and having a 5 mm-thick rubber covering of Shore A 50 hardness. A device shall be provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release. There shall be a support firmly fixed to the structure supporting the pendulum which serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements stipulated in paragraph 8.2.2.6 below. Figure 1 below gives the dimensions of the test facility and the special design specifications.

| 8.2.1.2. | The centre of percussion of the pendulum shall coincide with the centre of the sphere which forms the hammer. It is at a distance ‘1’ from the axis of oscillation in the release plane which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum to its centre of percussion is mo = 6,8 ± 0,05 kg. The relationship between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:






  Figure 1 |
| --- | --- |

8.2.1.2.

The centre of percussion of the pendulum shall coincide with the centre of the sphere which forms the hammer. It is at a distance ‘1’ from the axis of oscillation in the release plane which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum to its centre of percussion is mo = 6,8 ± 0,05 kg. The relationship between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:

o

Formula

Figure 1

Figure 1

8.2.2.   Description of the test:

| 8.2.2.1. | The procedure used to clamp the rear-view mirror to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device, or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.1.

The procedure used to clamp the rear-view mirror to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device, or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer.

| 8.2.2.2. | Positioning the rear-view mirror for the test.






  8.2.2.2.1. | Rear-view mirrors shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig such that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when installed on a vehicle in accordance with the vehicle or rear-view mirror manufacturers’ mounting instructions are in a similar position. |
| --- | --- | --- |

8.2.2.2.

Positioning the rear-view mirror for the test.

8.2.2.2.1.

Rear-view mirrors shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig such that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when installed on a vehicle in accordance with the vehicle or rear-view mirror manufacturers’ mounting instructions are in a similar position.

| 8.2.2.2.2. | When a rear-view mirror is adjustable in relation to the base, the test position shall be the least favourable for any pivoting device to operate within the limits provided by the mirror or vehicle manufacturer. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.2.2.

When a rear-view mirror is adjustable in relation to the base, the test position shall be the least favourable for any pivoting device to operate within the limits provided by the mirror or vehicle manufacturer.

| 8.2.2.2.3. | When the rear-view mirror has a device for adjusting its distance from the base, the device shall be set in the position where the distance between the holder and the base is shortest. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.2.3.

When the rear-view mirror has a device for adjusting its distance from the base, the device shall be set in the position where the distance between the holder and the base is shortest.

| 8.2.2.2.4. | When the reflecting surface is mobile in the holder, it shall be adjusted so that the upper corner which is furthest from the vehicle, is in the position of greatest projection relative to the holder. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.2.4.

When the reflecting surface is mobile in the holder, it shall be adjusted so that the upper corner which is furthest from the vehicle, is in the position of greatest projection relative to the holder.

| 8.2.2.3. | When the pendulum is in a vertical position, the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the mirror as defined in paragraph 2.7 above. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.3.

When the pendulum is in a vertical position, the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the mirror as defined in paragraph 2.7 above. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

| 8.2.2.4. | When, under the conditions governing adjustment prescribed in paragraphs 8.2.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.2.2 above, parts of the rear-view mirror limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact shall be shifted in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivot in question. This displacement shall be that which is strictly necessary for the implementation of the test.
  It shall be limited in such a way that the point of contact of the hammer is located at least 10 mm from the periphery of the reflecting surface. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.4.

When, under the conditions governing adjustment prescribed in paragraphs 8.2.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.2.2 above, parts of the rear-view mirror limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact shall be shifted in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivot in question. This displacement shall be that which is strictly necessary for the implementation of the test.

It shall be limited in such a way that the point of contact of the hammer is located at least 10 mm from the periphery of the reflecting surface.

| 8.2.2.5. | The test consists in allowing the hammer to fall from a height corresponding to a pendulum angle of 60° from the vertical so that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror at the moment when the pendulum reaches the vertical position. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.5.

The test consists in allowing the hammer to fall from a height corresponding to a pendulum angle of 60° from the vertical so that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror at the moment when the pendulum reaches the vertical position.

| 8.2.2.6. | The rear-view mirrors are subjected to impact in the following different conditions:






  8.2.2.6.1. | Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 8.2.2.3 or 8.2.2.4 above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror on the reflecting surface side. |
| --- | --- | --- |

8.2.2.6.

The rear-view mirrors are subjected to impact in the following different conditions:

8.2.2.6.1.

Test 1: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 8.2.2.3 or 8.2.2.4 above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror on the reflecting surface side.

| 8.2.2.6.2. | Test 2: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 8.2.2.3 or 8.2.2.4 above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror on the opposite side to the reflecting surface. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.2.6.2.

Test 2: The point of impact shall be as defined in paragraphs 8.2.2.3 or 8.2.2.4 above. The impact shall be such that the hammer strikes the rear-view mirror on the opposite side to the reflecting surface.

8.3.   Bending test on the holder fixed to the stem

8.3.1.   Description of the test

| 8.3.1.1. | The holder shall be placed horizontally in a device in such a way that the adjustment parts of the mounting can be clamped securely. In the direction of the greatest dimension of the holder, the end nearest to the point of fixing on the adjustment part shall be immobilised by means of a fixed step 15 mm wide, covering the entire width of the holder. |
| --- | --- |

8.3.1.1.

The holder shall be placed horizontally in a device in such a way that the adjustment parts of the mounting can be clamped securely. In the direction of the greatest dimension of the holder, the end nearest to the point of fixing on the adjustment part shall be immobilised by means of a fixed step 15 mm wide, covering the entire width of the holder.

| 8.3.1.2. | At the other end, a step identical with the one described above shall be placed on the holder so that the specified test load can be applied to it (see figure 2 below). |
| --- | --- |

8.3.1.2.

At the other end, a step identical with the one described above shall be placed on the holder so that the specified test load can be applied to it (see figure 2 below).

| 8.3.1.3. | The end of the holder opposite that at which the force is applied may be clamped instead of kept in position as shown in figure 2.

  Figure 2


  Example of bending test apparatus for rear view mirror protective housings |
| --- | --- |

8.3.1.3.

The end of the holder opposite that at which the force is applied may be clamped instead of kept in position as shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Example of bending test apparatus for rear view mirror protective housings

Example of bending test apparatus for rear view mirror protective housings

8.3.2.   The test load shall be 25 kg applied for one minute.

8.4.   Results of the tests

8.4.1.   In the tests described in paragraph 8.2 above, the pendulum shall return in such a way that the projection on the release plane of the position taken by the arm makes an angle of at least 20° with the vertical.

| 8.4.1.1. | The accuracy of the angle measurement shall be ±/1°. |
| --- | --- |

8.4.1.1.

The accuracy of the angle measurement shall be ±/1°.

8.4.2.   The mirror shall not break during the tests described in paragraphs 8.2 and 8.3 above. However, breakage of the reflecting surface of the mirror shall be allowed if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

| 8.4.2.1. | The fragments of glass still adhere to the back of the holder or to a surface firmly attached to the holder, except that partial separation of the glass from its backing is permitted, provided this does not exceed 2,5 mm either side of the crack. It is permissible for small splinters to become detached from the surface of the glass at the point of impact; |
| --- | --- |

8.4.2.1.

The fragments of glass still adhere to the back of the holder or to a surface firmly attached to the holder, except that partial separation of the glass from its backing is permitted, provided this does not exceed 2,5 mm either side of the crack. It is permissible for small splinters to become detached from the surface of the glass at the point of impact;

| 8.4.2.2. | The mirror is made of safety glass. |
| --- | --- |

8.4.2.2.

The mirror is made of safety glass.

9.   CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

9.1.   Any rear-view mirror approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraphs 6 to 8 above.

9.2.   In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 9.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.

9.3.   The holder of the approval shall, in particular:

| 9.3.1. | Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of rear-view mirrors, |
| --- | --- |

9.3.1.

Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of rear-view mirrors,

| 9.3.2. | Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type, |
| --- | --- |

9.3.2.

Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type,

| 9.3.3. | Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the administrative service, |
| --- | --- |

9.3.3.

Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the administrative service,

| 9.3.4. | Analyse the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the rear-view mirror characteristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production, |
| --- | --- |

9.3.4.

Analyse the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the rear-view mirror characteristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production,

| 9.3.5. | Ensure that for each type of rear-view mirror at least the tests prescribed in Annex 7 to this Regulation are carried out, |
| --- | --- |

9.3.5.

Ensure that for each type of rear-view mirror at least the tests prescribed in Annex 7 to this Regulation are carried out,

| 9.3.6. | Ensure that any samples or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production. |
| --- | --- |

9.3.6.

Ensure that any samples or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production.

9.4.   The competent authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit.

| 9.4.1. | In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector. |
| --- | --- |

9.4.1.

In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.

| 9.4.2. | The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in the manufacturer’s laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer’s own verification. |
| --- | --- |

9.4.2.

The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in the manufacturer’s laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer’s own verification.

| 9.4.3. | When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 9.4.2, the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type-approval tests. |
| --- | --- |

9.4.3.

When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 9.4.2, the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type-approval tests.

| 9.4.4. | The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

9.4.4.

The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation.

| 9.4.5. | The normal frequency of inspections authorised by the competent authority shall be one per two year. In the case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible. |
| --- | --- |

9.4.5.

The normal frequency of inspections authorised by the competent authority shall be one per two year. In the case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.

10.   PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

10.1.   The approval granted in respect of a type of rear-view mirror pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.

10.2.   If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

11.   MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF A TYPE OF REAR-VIEW MIRROR

11.1.   Every modification of the rear-view mirror type shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of rear-view mirror. The department may then either:

| 11.1.1. | Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the rear-view mirror still complies with the requirements; or |
| --- | --- |

11.1.1.

Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the rear-view mirror still complies with the requirements; or

| 11.1.2. | Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests. |
| --- | --- |

11.1.2.

Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

11.2.   Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

11.3.   The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

12.   PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of rear-view mirror approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

II —   INSTALLATION OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

13.   DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Regulation,

| 13.1. | ‘The maximum design speed’ as specified in paragraph 16.2 of this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

13.1.

‘The maximum design speed’ as specified in paragraph 16.2 of this Regulation.

| 13.2. | ‘Type of vehicle as regards rear-view mirrors’ means vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:






  13.2.1. | The geometrical features of the vehicle, liable to influence the installation of rear-view mirrors, |
| --- | --- | --- |

13.2.

‘Type of vehicle as regards rear-view mirrors’ means vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:

13.2.1.

The geometrical features of the vehicle, liable to influence the installation of rear-view mirrors,

| 13.2.2. | The positions and types of rear-view mirror specified. |
| --- | --- |

13.2.2.

The positions and types of rear-view mirror specified.

14.   APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

14.1.   The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of rear-view mirrors shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.

14.2.   It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:

| 14.2.1. | A description of the vehicle type with respect to the items mentioned in paragraph 13.2 above; |
| --- | --- |

14.2.1.

A description of the vehicle type with respect to the items mentioned in paragraph 13.2 above;

| 14.2.2. | A list of the components necessary to identify rear-view mirrors which can be installed in the vehicle; |
| --- | --- |

14.2.2.

A list of the components necessary to identify rear-view mirrors which can be installed in the vehicle;

| 14.2.3. | Drawings showing the position of the rear-view mirror and its adapting components on the vehicle. |
| --- | --- |

14.2.3.

Drawings showing the position of the rear-view mirror and its adapting components on the vehicle.

14.3.   A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval tests.

14.4.   The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type-approval is granted.

15.   APPROVAL

15.1.   If the vehicle type submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 14 above meets the requirements of paragraph 16 of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.

15.2.   An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 00, for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another vehicle type.

15.3.   Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.

15.4.   There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:

| 15.4.1. | A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (4), |
| --- | --- |

15.4.1.

A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (4),

4

| 15.4.2. | The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1. |
| --- | --- |

15.4.2.

The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1.

15.5.   If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1 need not be repeated; in such a case, the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1.

15.6.   The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

15.7.   The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer.

15.8.   Annex 4 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark.

16.   REQUIREMENTS

16.1.   The vehicle shall meet the following requirements:

| 16.1.1. | The rear-view mirrors installed on the vehicle shall be of Class/L type approved under this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

16.1.1.

The rear-view mirrors installed on the vehicle shall be of Class/L type approved under this Regulation.

| 16.1.2. | Rear-view mirrors shall be fixed in such a way that they remain steady under normal conditions of use. |
| --- | --- |

16.1.2.

Rear-view mirrors shall be fixed in such a way that they remain steady under normal conditions of use.

16.2.   Number

16.2.1.   All two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km/h must be fitted with at least one rear-view mirror. If one only, this rear-view mirror must be fitted on the left side of the vehicle in countries with right-hand rule of the road, and on the right side of the vehicle in countries with left-hand rule of the road.

16.2.2.   All two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 50 km/h and all three-wheeled vehicles must be fitted with two rear-view mirrors, one on the left and one on the right of the vehicle.

16.3.   Site

16.3.1.   Rear-view mirrors must be mounted or adjusted in such a way that the distance of the centre of the reflective surface, as measured in a horizontal plane, is at least 280 mm outward from the longitudinal vertical plane passing through the centre of the steering head of the vehicle. Before the measurement, the handlebar shall be placed in the straight ahead position and the mirror(s) shall be adjusted to its (their) normal position.

16.4.   Adjustment

16.4.1.   Rear-view mirror(s) shall be such that the driver can adjust it (them) in the normal driving position.

17.   CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

17.1.   Any vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above.

17.2.   In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 17.1 above are met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.

17.3.   The holder of the approval shall in particular:

| 17.3.1. | Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of the vehicles as regards all aspects relevant for compliance with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above; |
| --- | --- |

17.3.1.

Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of the vehicles as regards all aspects relevant for compliance with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above;

| 17.3.2. | Ensure that for each type of vehicle sufficient checks are carried out as regards the number and type of the rear-view mirrors and the dimensions relevant for their correct installation in order to ensure that all vehicles in production comply with the specifications given for the vehicle which was submitted for type- approval; |
| --- | --- |

17.3.2.

Ensure that for each type of vehicle sufficient checks are carried out as regards the number and type of the rear-view mirrors and the dimensions relevant for their correct installation in order to ensure that all vehicles in production comply with the specifications given for the vehicle which was submitted for type- approval;

| 17.3.3. | Ensure that, if the checks carried out pursuant to paragraph 17.3.2 above give evidence of non-conformity of one or more vehicles with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above, all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production. |
| --- | --- |

17.3.3.

Ensure that, if the checks carried out pursuant to paragraph 17.3.2 above give evidence of non-conformity of one or more vehicles with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above, all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production.

17.4.   The competent authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit. It may also carry out any random checks on serially-manufactured vehicles regarding the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above.

17.5.   In the case where negative results are recorded during the verifications and checks pursuant to paragraph 17.4 above, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.

18.   PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

18.1.   The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.

18.2.   If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.

19.   MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF THE VEHICLE TYPE

19.1.   Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the vehicle type. The department may then either:

| 19.1.1. | Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or |
| --- | --- |

19.1.1.

Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or

| 19.1.2. | Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests. |
| --- | --- |

19.1.2.

Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

19.2.   Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 15.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.

19.3.   The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.

20.   PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a vehicle type approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.

21.   NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS

The Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.

---

(1)  As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).

1

(2)  For power-driven vehicles having less than four wheels and fitted with bodywork which partly or wholly encloses the driver the requirements of Regulation No 46 shall apply.

2

(3)  The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) (document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1).

3

(4)  See footnote 3 of paragraph 5.4.1.

4

---

ANNEX 1

COMMUNICATION

(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Image 3

issued by:

Name of administration

concerning (2):

APPROVAL GRANTED

APPROVAL EXTENDED

APPROVAL REFUSED

APPROVAL WITHDRAWN

PRODUCTION DEFINITIVELY DISCONTINUED

of a type of rear-view mirror pursuant to Regulation No 81

Approval No ...

Extension No ...

1. Trade name or mark of the equipment: ...

2. Equipment type: ...

3. Brief description including in particular the following information:

3.1. Main dimensions of the reflecting surface

3.2. Nominal radius of curvature of the reflecting surface

4. Manufacturer’s name and address: ...

5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer’s representative: ...

6. Equipment submitted for approval on: ...

7. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests: ...

8. Date of report issued by that service: ...

9. Number of report issued by that service: ...

10. Vehicles for which the equipment is designed: ...

11. Approval is granted/refused/extended/withdrawn (2)

12. Reason(s) for extension of approval: ...

13. Place: ...

14. Date: ...

15. Signature: ...

16. A list of documents contained in the approval file transmitted to the administrative service which has granted approval is annexed to this communication.

(1) Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).

(2) Strike out what does not apply.

---

ANNEX 2

COMMUNICATION

(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Image 4

issued by:

Name of administration

concerning (2):

APPROVAL GRANTED

APPROVAL EXTENDED

APPROVAL REFUSED

APPROVAL WITHDRAWN

PRODUCTION DEFINITIVELY DISCONTINUED

of a type of vehicle with regard to the installation of rear-view mirrors pursuant to Regulation No 81

Approval No ...

Extension No ...

1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle: ...

2. Vehicle type: ...

3. Vehicle maximum design speed: ≤ 50 km/h / > 50 km/h (2)

4. Manufacturer’s name and address: ...

5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer’s representative: ...

6. Trade name or mark of rear-view mirror(s): ...

7. Approval mark of the rear mirror: ...

8. Vehicle submitted for approval on: ...

9. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests: ...

10. Date of report issued by that service: ...

11. Number of report issued by that service: ...

12. Approval is granted/refused/extended/withdrawn (2)

13. Reason(s) for extension of approval: ...

14. Place: ...

15. Date: ...

16. Signature: ...

17. A list of documents contained in the approval file transmitted to the administrative service which has granted approval is annexed to this communication.

(1) Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).

(2) Strike out what does not apply.

---

ANNEX 3

ARRANGEMENT OF THE REAR-VIEW MIRROR APPROVAL MARK

(See paragraph 5.4 of the Regulation)

Image 5

The above approval mark affixed to a rear-view mirror indicates that the mirror is a rear-view mirror, of type L, which has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) under approval number 002439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 81 in its original form.

Note: The approval number and the additional symbol must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the ‘E’ or to the left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the ‘E’ and point in the same direction. The additional symbol must be directly opposite the approval number. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.

---

ANNEX 4

ARRANGEMENTS OF THE VEHICLE APPROVAL MARK CONCERNING THE INSTALLATION OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS

Model A

(See paragraph 15.4 of the Regulation)

Image 6

The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation No 81 under approval number 002439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 81 in its original form.

Model B

(See paragraph 15.5 of the Regulation)

Image 7

The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulations No 81 and No 47 (1). The first two digits of the approval numbers indicate that, at the dates when the respective approvals were granted, Regulation No 81 had not been modified, and Regulation No 47 already included the 01 series of amendments.

---

(1)  The second number is given as an example only.

---

ANNEX 5

TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING REFLECTIVITY

1.   DEFINITIONS

1.1.   CIE standard illuminant A (1):

| λ | | (λ) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 600 | 1,062 | 2 |
| 620 | 0,854 | 4 |
| 650 | 0,283 | 5 |

λ

Formula

(λ)

600

1,062

2

620

0,854

4

650

0,283

5

1.2.   CIE standard source A (1): Gas-filled tungsten filament lamp operating at a correlated colour temperature of T68 = 2 855,6 K.

1.3.   CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (1): Receptor of radiation whose colorimetric characteristics correspond to the spectral tristimulus values
  Formula
  , y(λ), z(λ) (see table).

1.4.   CIE spectral tristimulus values (1): Tristimulus values of the spectral components of an equi-energy spectrum in the CIE (XYZ) system.

1.5.   Photopic vision (1): Vision by the normal eye when it is adapted to levels of luminance of at least several candelas per square metre.

2.   APPARATUS

2.1.   General

| 2.1.1. | The apparatus shall consist of a light source, a holder for the test sample, a receiver unit with a photodetector and an indicating meter (see figure 1), and a means of eliminating the effects of extraneous light. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.1.

| 2.1.2. | The receiver may incorporate a light-integrating sphere to facilitate measuring the reflectance of non-flat (convex) mirrors (see figure 2). |
| --- | --- |

2.1.2.

2.2.   Spectral characteristics of light source and receiver.

| 2.2.1. | The light source shall consist of a CIE standard source A and associated optics to provide a near-collimated light beam. A voltage stabiliser is recommended to maintain a fixed lamp voltage during instrument operation. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.1.

| 2.2.2. | The receiver shall have a photodetector with a spectral response proportional to the photopic luminosity function of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer (see table). Any other combination of illuminant-filter-receptor giving the overall equivalent of CIE standard illuminant A and photopic vision may be used. When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver, the interior surface of the sphere shall be coated with a matt (diffusive) spectrally non-selective white coating. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.2.

2.3.   Geometric conditions

| 2.3.1. | The angle of the incident beam (0) should preferably be 0,44 ± 0,09 rad (25 ± 5°) from the perpendicular to the test surface and shall not exceed the upper limit of the tolerance (i.e. 0,53 rad or 30°). The axis of the receptor shall make an angle (0) with this perpendicular equal to that of the incident beam (see figure 1). The incident beam upon arrival at the test surface shall have a diameter of not less than 19 mm. The reflected beam shall not be wider than the sensitive area of the photodetector, shall not cover less than 50 % of such area, and as nearly as possible shall cover the same area segment as used during instrument calibration. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.1.

| 2.3.2. | When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver section, the sphere shall have a minimum diameter of 127 mm. The sample and incident beam apertures in the sphere wall shall be of such a size as to admit the entire incident and reflected light beams. The photodetector shall be located so as not to receive direct light from either the incident or the reflected beams. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.2.

2.4.   Electrical characteristics of the photodetector-indicator unit

The photodetector output as read on the indicating meter shall be a linear function of the light intensity on the photosensitive area. Means (electrical and/or optical) shall be provided to facilitate zeroing and calibration adjustments. Such means shall not affect the linearity or the spectral characteristics of the instrument. The accuracy of the receptor-indicator unit shall be with ± 2 % of full scale, or ± 10 % of the magnitude of the reading, whichever is the smaller.

2.5.   Sample holder

The mechanism shall be capable of locating the test sample so that the axes of the source arm and receptor are intersecting at the reflecting surface. The reflecting surface may lie within or at either face of the mirror sample, depending on whether it is a first-surface, second-surface, or prismatic ‘flip’ type mirror.

3.   PROCEDURE

3.1.   Direct calibration method

| 3.1.1. | In the direct calibration method, air is used as the reference standard. This method is applicable for those instruments which are so constructed as to permit calibration at the 100 % point by swinging the receiver to a position directly on the axis of the light source (see figure 1). |
| --- | --- |

3.1.1.

| 3.1.2. | It may be desired in some cases (such as when measuring low-reflectivity surfaces) to use an intermediate calibration point (between 0 and 100 % on the scale) with this method. In these cases a neutral density filter of known transmittance shall be inserted in the optical path, and the calibration control shall then be adjusted until the meter reads the percentage transmission of the neutral density filter. This filter shall be removed before making reflectivity measurements. |
| --- | --- |

3.1.2.

3.2.   Indirect calibration method

The indirect calibration method is applicable for those instruments with fixed source and receiver geometry. A properly calibrated and maintained reflectance standard is required. This reference standard should preferably be a flat mirror with a reflectance value as near as possible to that of the test samples.

3.3.   Non-flat (convex) mirror measurement

The measurement of the reflectance of non-flat (convex) mirrors requires the use of instruments which incorporate an integrating sphere in the receiver unit (see figure 2). If the instrument indicating meter indicates ne divisions with a reference standard mirror of E per cent reflectance, then, with a mirror of unknown reflectance, nx divisions will correspond to a reflectance of X per cent, given by the formula:

Formula

Image 8

  Figure 1 Generalised reflectometer showing geometries for the two calibration methods

Image 9

  Figure 2 Generalised reflectometer, incorporating an integrating sphere in the receptor

SPECTRAL TRISTIMULUS VALUES FOR THE CIE 1931 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER (2)

(This table is taken from CIE Publication 50(45) (1970))

| λ nm | x (λ) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 380 | 0,0014 | 0,0000 | 0,0065 |
| 390 | 0,0042 | 0,0001 | 0,0201 |
| 400 | 0,0143 | 0,0004 | 0,0679 |
| 410 | 0,0435 | 0,0012 | 0,2074 |
| 420 | 0,1344 | 0,0040 | 0,6456 |
| 430 | 0,2839 | 0,0116 | 1,3856 |
| 440 | 0,3483 | 0,0230 | 1,7471 |
| 450 | 0,3362 | 0,0380 | 1,7721 |
| 460 | 0,2908 | 0,0600 | 1,6692 |
| 470 | 0,1954 | 0,0910 | 1,2876 |
| 480 | 0,0956 | 0,1390 | 0,8130 |
| 490 | 0,0320 | 0,2080 | 0,4652 |
| 500 | 0,0049 | 0,3230 | 0,2720 |
| 510 | 0,0093 | 0,5030 | 0,1582 |
| 520 | 0,0633 | 0,7100 | 0,0782 |
| 530 | 0,1655 | 0,8620 | 0,0422 |
| 540 | 0,2904 | 0,9540 | 0,0203 |
| 550 | 0,4334 | 0,9950 | 0,0087 |
| 560 | 0,5945 | 0,9950 | 0,0039 |
| 570 | 0,7621 | 0,9520 | 0,0021 |
| 580 | 0,9163 | 0,8700 | 0,0017 |
| 590 | 1,0263 | 0,7570 | 0,0011 |
| 600 | 1,0622 | 0,6310 | 0,0008 |
| 610 | 1,0026 | 0,5030 | 0,0003 |
| 620 | 0,8544 | 0,3810 | 0,0002 |
| 630 | 0,6424 | 0,2650 | 0,0000 |
| 640 | 0,4479 | 0,1750 | 0,0000 |
| 650 | 0,2335 | 0,1070 | 0,0000 |
| 660 | 0,1649 | 0,0610 | 0,0000 |
| 670 | 0,0874 | 0,0320 | 0,0000 |
| 680 | 0,0468 | 0,0170 | 0,0000 |
| 690 | 0,0227 | 0,0082 | 0,0000 |
| 700 | 0,0114 | 0,0041 | 0,0000 |
| 710 | 0,0058 | 0,0021 | 0,0000 |
| 720 | 0,0029 | 0,0010 | 0,0000 |
| 730 | 0,0014 | 0,0005 | 0,0000 |
| 740 | 0,0007 | 0,0002  (3) | 0,0000 |
| 750 | 0,0003 | 0,0001 | 0,0000 |
| 760 | 0,0002 | 0,0001 | 0,0000 |
| 770 | 0,0001 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 |
| 780 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 | 0,0000 |

λ nm

x (λ)

Formula

Formula

380

0,0014

0,0000

0,0065

390

0,0042

0,0001

0,0201

400

0,0143

0,0004

0,0679

410

0,0435

0,0012

0,2074

420

0,1344

0,0040

0,6456

430

0,2839

0,0116

1,3856

440

0,3483

0,0230

1,7471

450

0,3362

0,0380

1,7721

460

0,2908

0,0600

1,6692

470

0,1954

0,0910

1,2876

480

0,0956

0,1390

0,8130

490

0,0320

0,2080

0,4652

500

0,0049

0,3230

0,2720

510

0,0093

0,5030

0,1582

520

0,0633

0,7100

0,0782

530

0,1655

0,8620

0,0422

540

0,2904

0,9540

0,0203

550

0,4334

0,9950

0,0087

560

0,5945

0,9950

0,0039

570

0,7621

0,9520

0,0021

580

0,9163

0,8700

0,0017

590

1,0263

0,7570

0,0011

600

1,0622

0,6310

0,0008

610

1,0026

0,5030

0,0003

620

0,8544

0,3810

0,0002

630

0,6424

0,2650

0,0000

640

0,4479

0,1750

0,0000

650

0,2335

0,1070

0,0000

660

0,1649

0,0610

0,0000

670

0,0874

0,0320

0,0000

680

0,0468

0,0170

0,0000

690

0,0227

0,0082

0,0000

700

0,0114

0,0041

0,0000

710

0,0058

0,0021

0,0000

720

0,0029

0,0010

0,0000

730

0,0014

0,0005

0,0000

740

0,0007

0,0002  (3)

0,0000

750

0,0003

0,0001

0,0000

760

0,0002

0,0001

0,0000

770

0,0001

0,0000

0,0000

780

0,0000

0,0000

0,0000

Explanatory figure

Example of device for measuring the reflection factor of spherical mirrors

Image 10

---

(1)  Definitions taken from CIE Publication 50 (45), International Electronical Vocabulary, Group/45: lighting.

(2)  Abridged table. The values of
  Formula
  are rounded off to four decimal places.

(3)  Changed in 1966 (from 3 to 2).

---

ANNEX 6

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE RADIUS OF CURVATURE ‘r’ OF A MIRROR’S REFLECTING SURFACE

1.   Measurements

1.1.   Equipment

The ‘spherometer’ described in the figure is used.

1.2.   Measuring points

| 1.2.1. | The principal radii of curvature shall be measured at 3 points situated as close as possible to positions at 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the distance along the arc of the reflecting surface contained in a plane parallel to the greatest dimension of the mirror and passing through its centre and on the arc perpendicular to it. |
| --- | --- |

1.2.1.

| 1.2.2. | Where, because of mirror size, it is impossible to obtain measurement in the directions defined in item 1.2.1 the technical departments responsible for the tests may take measurements at this point in two perpendicular directions as close as possible to those prescribed above. |
| --- | --- |

1.2.2.

2.   Calculation of the radius of curvature (r)

‘r’ expressed in mm is calculated using the formula:

Formula

where rp1 is the radius of curvature of the first measuring point, rp2 at the second and rp3 at the third.

| | |
| --- | --- |

Image 11

Image 12

---

ANNEX 7

CONTROL OF THE CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

1.   DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Annex,

‘Type of deflection system’ means a given combination of axes, swivel points and other articulating mechanisms which ensures deflection of the rear-view mirror in the direction of impact concerned.

2.   TESTS

Rear-view mirrors shall be subjected to the following tests:

2.1.   Reflecting surface

| 2.1.1. | Verification of the nominal radius of curvature, pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 2 of Annex 6 to this Regulation; |
| --- | --- |

2.1.1.

| 2.1.2. | Measurement of the differences between radii of curvature pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 7.2.2 of this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.2.

2.2.   Deflection system

Impact test pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 8.2 of this Regulation.

3.   FREQUENCY AND RESULTS OF TESTS

3.1.   Verification of the nominal radius of curvature and measurement of the differences between radii of curvature

| 3.1.1. | Frequency:
  One test every three months, per approval number, per nominal radius of curvature. |
| --- | --- |

3.1.1.

One test every three months, per approval number, per nominal radius of curvature.

| 3.1.2. | Results:
  All measurement results shall be recorded.
  The maximum difference values prescribed in paragraph 7.2.2 of this Regulation shall be complied with. |
| --- | --- |

3.1.2.

All measurement results shall be recorded.

The maximum difference values prescribed in paragraph 7.2.2 of this Regulation shall be complied with.

3.2.   Impact test

| 3.2.1. | Frequency:
  One test every three months, per approval number, per type of deflection system, per base configuration. |
| --- | --- |

3.2.1.

One test every three months, per approval number, per type of deflection system, per base configuration.

| 3.2.2. | Results:
  All results shall be recorded.
  The provisions of paragraph 8.4 of this Regulation shall be complied with. |
| --- | --- |

3.2.2.

All results shall be recorded.

The provisions of paragraph 8.4 of this Regulation shall be complied with.

3.3.   Selection of samples

The selection of samples to be tested shall take account of the quantity produced for each type of rear-view mirrors.

---

| 13.7.2012 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 185/24 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

13.7.2012

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 185/24

---

Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html

Regulation No 90 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of replacement brake lining assemblies, drum brake linings and discs and drums for power-driven vehicles and their trailers

Incorporating all valid text up to:

02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 28 October 2011

CONTENTS

| 1. | Scope |
| --- | --- |

1.

| 2. | Definitions |
| --- | --- |

2.

| 3. | Application for approval |
| --- | --- |

3.

| 4. | Approval |
| --- | --- |

4.

| 5. | Specifications and tests |
| --- | --- |

5.

| 6. | Packaging and marking |
| --- | --- |

6.

| 7. | Modifications and extension of approval of replacement parts |
| --- | --- |

7.

| 8. | Conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

8.

| 9. | Penalties for non-conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

9.

| 10. | Production definitively discontinued |
| --- | --- |

10.

| 11. | Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of type-approval authorities |
| --- | --- |

11.

| 12. | Transitional provisions |
| --- | --- |

12.

ANNEXES

| Annex 1A — | Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining pursuant to Regulation No 90 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 1A —

| Annex 1B — | Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a replacement brake disc or a replacement brake drum pursuant to Regulation No 90 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 1B —

| Annex 2 — | Arrangements of the approval mark and approval data |
| --- | --- |

Annex 2 —

| Annex 3 — | Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M1, M2 and N1 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 3 —

1

2

1

| Annex 4 — | Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M3, N2 and N3 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 4 —

3

2

3

| Annex 5 — | Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories O1 and O2 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 5 —

1

2

| Annex 6 — | Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings for vehicles of categories O3 and O4 |
| --- | --- |

Annex 6 —

3

4

| Annex 7 — | Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L |
| --- | --- |

Annex 7 —

| Annex 8 — | Technical prescriptions for replacement brake lining assemblies intended for the use in separate parking brake systems being independent of the vehicle service brake system |
| --- | --- |

Annex 8 —

| Annex 9 — | Special additional procedures for conformity of production |
| --- | --- |

Annex 9 —

| Annex 10 — | Illustrations |
| --- | --- |

Annex 10 —

| Annex 11 — | Requirements for replacement brake discs or brake drums for vehicles of categories M and N |
| --- | --- |

Annex 11 —

| Annex 12 — | Requirements for replacement brake discs/drums for vehicles of category O |
| --- | --- |

Annex 12 —

| Annex 13 — | Model test report for a replacement brake disc/drum |
| --- | --- |

Annex 13 —

1.   SCOPE

| 1.1. | This Regulation applies to the basic braking function of the following replacement parts (1):






  1.1.1. | Replacement brake lining assemblies intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of vehicles of category M, N, L and O which have a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13, 13-H or 78. |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.1.

This Regulation applies to the basic braking function of the following replacement parts (1

1.1.1.

Replacement brake lining assemblies intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of vehicles of category M, N, L and O which have a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13, 13-H or 78.

| 1.1.2. | Replacement drum brake linings designed to be riveted to a brake shoe for fitment to and use on vehicles of category M3, N2, N3, O3 or O4 having a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13. |
| --- | --- |

1.1.2.

Replacement drum brake linings designed to be riveted to a brake shoe for fitment to and use on vehicles of category M3, N2, N3, O3 or O4 having a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13.

3

2

3

3

4

| 1.1.3. | The replacement brake lining assemblies used for separate parking brake systems being independent of the vehicle service brake system will be subject only to the technical prescriptions defined in Annex 8 to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

1.1.3.

The replacement brake lining assemblies used for separate parking brake systems being independent of the vehicle service brake system will be subject only to the technical prescriptions defined in Annex 8 to this Regulation.

| 1.1.4. | Replacement brake drums and discs intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of vehicles of category M, N and O which have a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13 or Regulation No 13-H. |
| --- | --- |

1.1.4.

Replacement brake drums and discs intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of vehicles of category M, N and O which have a type-approval in accordance with Regulation No 13 or Regulation No 13-H.

| 1.2. | Original brake discs and brake drums, fitted at time of manufacturing of the vehicle and original replacement discs and drums intended for the servicing of the vehicle are not subject to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

1.2.

Original brake discs and brake drums, fitted at time of manufacturing of the vehicle and original replacement discs and drums intended for the servicing of the vehicle are not subject to this Regulation.

| 1.3. | This Regulation does not apply to ‘Special parts’, as defined in paragraph 2.3.4. |
| --- | --- |

1.3.

This Regulation does not apply to ‘Special parts’, as defined in paragraph 2.3.4.

2.   DEFINITIONS

2.1.   General definitions

2.1.1.   
  ‘Manufacturer’ means the organisation which can assume technical responsibility for the brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings or brake drums and discs and can demonstrate that it possesses the necessary means to achieve conformity of production.

2.1.2.   
  ‘Replacement part’ means either a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining type, a replacement drum brake lining, a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc.

2.1.3.   
  ‘Original part’ means either an original brake lining, an original brake lining assembly, an original drum brake lining, an original brake drum or an original brake disc.

2.2.   Definitions regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining.

2.2.1.   
  ‘Braking system’ has the meaning assigned in Regulation No 13, paragraph 2.3, or Regulation No 13-H, paragraph 2.3, or Regulation No 78, paragraph 2.5.

2.2.2.   
  ‘Friction brake’ means the part of a braking system in which the forces opposing the movement of a vehicle are developed by friction between a brake lining and a wheel disc or drum moving relatively to each other.

2.2.3.   
  ‘Brake lining assembly’ means a component of a friction brake which is pressed against a drum or disc, respectively, to produce the friction force.

| 2.2.3.1. | ‘Shoe assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a drum brake.






  2.2.3.1.1. | ‘Shoe’ means a component of a shoe assembly which carries the brake lining. |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.2.3.1.

‘Shoe assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a drum brake.

2.2.3.1.1.

‘Shoe’ means a component of a shoe assembly which carries the brake lining.

| 2.2.3.2. | ‘Pad assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a disc brake.






  2.2.3.2.1. | ‘Backplate’ means a component of a pad assembly which carries the brake lining. |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.2.3.2.

‘Pad assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a disc brake.

2.2.3.2.1.

‘Backplate’ means a component of a pad assembly which carries the brake lining.

| 2.2.3.3. | ‘Brake lining’ means the friction material component with the shape and final dimension to be fixed on to the shoe or backplate. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.3.

‘Brake lining’ means the friction material component with the shape and final dimension to be fixed on to the shoe or backplate.

| 2.2.3.4. | ‘Drum brake lining’ means a brake lining for a drum brake. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.4.

‘Drum brake lining’ means a brake lining for a drum brake.

| 2.2.3.5. | ‘Friction material’ means the product of a specified mixture of materials and processes which together determine the characteristics of a brake lining. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.5.

‘Friction material’ means the product of a specified mixture of materials and processes which together determine the characteristics of a brake lining.

2.2.4.   
  ‘Brake lining type’ means a category of brake linings which do not differ in friction material characteristics.

2.2.5.   
  ‘Brake lining assembly type’ means wheel sets of brake lining assemblies which do not differ in brake lining type, dimension or functional characteristics.

2.2.6.   
  ‘Drum brake lining type’ means wheel sets of brake lining components which after fitment to the shoes do not differ in brake lining type, dimensions or functional characteristics.

2.2.7.   
  ‘Original brake lining’ means a brake lining type referenced in the vehicle type-approval documentation, Regulation No 13, Annex 2, paragraph 8.1.1, Regulation No 13-H, Annex 1, paragraph 7.1 (2) or Regulation No 78, Annex 1, paragraph 5.4.

2

2.2.8.   
  ‘Original brake lining assembly’ means a brake lining assembly conforming to the data attached to a vehicle type-approval documentation.

2.2.9.   
  ‘Replacement brake lining assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a type approved under this Regulation as a suitable service replacement for an original brake lining assembly.

2.2.10.   
  ‘Original drum brake lining’ means a drum brake lining conforming to the data attached to a vehicle type-approval documentation.

2.2.11.   
  ‘Replacement drum brake lining’ means a drum brake lining of a type approved under this Regulation as a suitable service replacement when fitted to a shoe for an original drum brake lining.

2.2.12.   
  ‘Parking brake lining assembly’ means a pad assembly or shoe assembly belonging to a parking brake system separate and independent from the service brake system.

2.3.   Definitions regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc.

2.3.1.   ‘Original brake disc/brake drum’

| 2.3.1.1. | In the case of motor vehicles, is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type-approval according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.1.1.

In the case of motor vehicles, is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type-approval according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H.

| 2.3.1.2. | In the case of trailers:






  (a) | is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type-approval according to Regulation No 13; |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.3.1.2.

In the case of trailers:

(a)

is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type-approval according to Regulation No 13;

| (b) | is a brake disc/drum which is part of a brake for which the axle manufacturer owns a test report according to Annex 11 of Regulation No 13. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

is a brake disc/drum which is part of a brake for which the axle manufacturer owns a test report according to Annex 11 of Regulation No 13.

2.3.2.   
  ‘Identification code’ identifies the brake discs or brake drums covered by the braking system approval according to Regulations Nos 13 and 13-H. It contains at least the manufacturer’s trade name or trademark and an identification number.

The vehicle manufacturer shall provide on request of the technical service and/or approval authority the necessary information, which makes the link between the braking system type-approval and the corresponding identification code.

2.3.3.   Replacement parts

| 2.3.3.1. | ‘Original replacement brake discs and brake drums’: original brake discs/brake drums intended for servicing the vehicle and carrying an identification code as defined in paragraph 2.3.2 affixed in such a way as to be indelible and clearly legible. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.1.

‘Original replacement brake discs and brake drums’: original brake discs/brake drums intended for servicing the vehicle and carrying an identification code as defined in paragraph 2.3.2 affixed in such a way as to be indelible and clearly legible.

| 2.3.3.2. | ‘Identical brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which is chemically and physically identical in every respect with the exception of the vehicle manufacturer mark, which is absent, to the original brake disc. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.2.

‘Identical brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which is chemically and physically identical in every respect with the exception of the vehicle manufacturer mark, which is absent, to the original brake disc.

| 2.3.3.3. | ‘Identical brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which is chemically and physically identical in every respect with the exception of the vehicle manufacturer mark, which is absent, to the original brake drum. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.3.

‘Identical brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which is chemically and physically identical in every respect with the exception of the vehicle manufacturer mark, which is absent, to the original brake drum.

| 2.3.3.4. | ‘Equivalent brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which is identical to the original brake disc in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the same material sub-group as the original brake disc as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.4.

‘Equivalent brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which is identical to the original brake disc in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the same material sub-group as the original brake disc as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.

| 2.3.3.5. | ‘Equivalent brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which is identical to the original brake drum in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the same material sub-group as the original brake drum as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.5.

‘Equivalent brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which is identical to the original brake drum in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the same material sub-group as the original brake drum as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.

| 2.3.3.6. | ‘Interchangeable brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which has the same interface dimensions as the original brake disc but may differ from the original brake disc in terms of its design, material composition and mechanical properties. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.6.

‘Interchangeable brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which has the same interface dimensions as the original brake disc but may differ from the original brake disc in terms of its design, material composition and mechanical properties.

| 2.3.3.7. | ‘Interchangeable brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which has the same interface dimensions as the original brake drum but may differ from the original brake drum in terms of its design, material composition and mechanical properties. |
| --- | --- |

2.3.3.7.

‘Interchangeable brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which has the same interface dimensions as the original brake drum but may differ from the original brake drum in terms of its design, material composition and mechanical properties.

2.3.4.   
  ‘Special brake disc/drum’ means a replacement brake disc/drum not covered by paragraphs 2.3.1 to 2.3.3.

2.3.5.   
  ‘Functional dimensions’: all the measurements that are relevant with regard to the fitting and functioning of the components of the braking system (see paragraph 5.3.7.1 and Annex 10).

2.3.6.   
  ‘Type of brake disc/drum’: brake discs or drums having the same basic design and material group in accordance with the classification criteria pursuant to paragraph 5.3.5.1 or 5.3.5.2 as appropriate.

2.3.7.   
  ‘Test group’: type of brake discs/drums having the same characteristics pursuant to paragraph 5.3.6.

2.3.8.   
  ‘Variant’: individual brake disc/drum within a given test group.

2.3.9.   
  ‘Material’: chemical composition and mechanical properties as per paragraph 3.4.1.2.

2.3.10.   
  ‘Material group’: e.g. grey cast iron, steel, aluminium, etc.

2.3.11.   
  ‘Material sub-group’: one of the sub-group defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.

2.3.12.   
  ‘Minimum thickness’: the thickness of the brake disc is the point at which replacement becomes necessary.

2.3.13.   
  ‘Maximum inside diameter’: the maximum inside diameter of the brake drum is the point at which replacement becomes necessary.

3.   APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1.   An application for approval of a replacement part for (a) specific vehicle type(s) shall be submitted by the manufacturer of the replacement part or his duly accredited representative.

3.2.   An application may be submitted by the holder of (a) vehicle type-approval(s) to Regulation No 13 or 13-H or 78 in respect of replacement part conforming to the type recorded in the vehicle type-approval(s) documentation.

3.3.   In the case of an application regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining:

| 3.3.1. | An application for approval shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining with regard to the items specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation, and by the following particulars:






  3.3.1.1. | Diagrams showing functional dimensions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining; |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.3.1.

An application for approval shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining with regard to the items specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation, and by the following particulars:

3.3.1.1.

Diagrams showing functional dimensions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining;

| 3.3.1.2. | An indication of the positions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining on the vehicles for which approval to fit is sought. |
| --- | --- |

3.3.1.2.

An indication of the positions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining on the vehicles for which approval to fit is sought.

| 3.3.2. | Brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings of the type for which approval is sought shall be made available in sufficient quantity to perform the approval tests. |
| --- | --- |

3.3.2.

Brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings of the type for which approval is sought shall be made available in sufficient quantity to perform the approval tests.

| 3.3.3. | The applicant shall agree with and make available to the technical service responsible for conducting approval tests the suitable representative vehicle(s) and/or brake(s). |
| --- | --- |

3.3.3.

The applicant shall agree with and make available to the technical service responsible for conducting approval tests the suitable representative vehicle(s) and/or brake(s).

| 3.3.4. | The Competent Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type-approval is granted.






  3.3.4.1. | The applicant shall submit values for friction behaviour in accordance with Annex 9, Part A, paragraph 2.4.1 or 3.4.1 respectively to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.3.4.

The Competent Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type-approval is granted.

3.3.4.1.

The applicant shall submit values for friction behaviour in accordance with Annex 9, Part A, paragraph 2.4.1 or 3.4.1 respectively to this Regulation.

3.4.   In the case of an application regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc.

3.4.1.   An application for approval shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc with regard to the items specified in Annex 1B to this Regulation, and by the following particulars:

3.4.1.1.   Disc or drum drawing(s) including the dimensions of the features mentioned in paragraph 5.3.7.1, together with tolerances, and any accompanying accessories:

| (a) | location and nature of the marking pursuant to paragraph 6.2.2 — dimensions in mm; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

location and nature of the marking pursuant to paragraph 6.2.2 — dimensions in mm;

| (b) | weight in grams; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

weight in grams;

| (c) | material. |
| --- | --- |

(c)

material.

3.4.1.2.   Component description

The manufacturer shall provide a component description containing at least the following information:

| (a) | the manufacturer of the unmachined part; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

the manufacturer of the unmachined part;

| (b) | a description of the process of manufacture of the unmachined part; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

a description of the process of manufacture of the unmachined part;

| (c) | proof of the reliability of the process (e.g. freedom from cracks and cavities, dimensions); |
| --- | --- |

(c)

proof of the reliability of the process (e.g. freedom from cracks and cavities, dimensions);

| (d) | material composition, specifically:






  (i) | chemical composition; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(d)

material composition, specifically:

(i)

chemical composition;

| (ii) | microstructure; |
| --- | --- |

(ii)

microstructure;

| (iii) | mechanical properties:






  (a) | Brinell hardness pursuant to ISO 6506-1:2005; |
| --- | --- | --- |

(iii)

mechanical properties:

(a)

Brinell hardness pursuant to ISO 6506-1:2005;

| (b) | tensile strength in accordance with ISO 6892:1998. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

tensile strength in accordance with ISO 6892:1998.

| (e) | corrosion or surface protection; |
| --- | --- |

(e)

corrosion or surface protection;

| (f) | description of the balancing measures, maximum permissible balance error; |
| --- | --- |

(f)

description of the balancing measures, maximum permissible balance error;

| (g) | amount of wear allowed (minimum thickness in the case of brake discs or the maximum internal diameter in the case of brake drums). |
| --- | --- |

(g)

amount of wear allowed (minimum thickness in the case of brake discs or the maximum internal diameter in the case of brake drums).

The applicant shall submit the information and specifications outlined in Annex 9, Part B, paragraph 2.5 to this Regulation.

3.4.2.   Conformity of production

The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type-approval is granted.

3.4.2.1.   The applicant shall submit the documentation in accordance with Annex 9, Part B, paragraph 2 to this Regulation.

3.4.3.   Sample quantities and usage

3.4.3.1.   A minimum number of disc or drum samples — of the design for which approval is requested — shall be provided, as shown in the following table.

The table also shows the recommended use of the samples.

| Item No | Check/test | Sample number | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 1 | Geometric check
  paragraphs 5.3.3.1, 5.3.4.1 | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| 2 | Material check
  paragraphs 5.3.3.2, 5.3.4.2 | x | x | | | | | |
| 3 | Balancing provisions check
  paragraph 5.3.7.2 | | | x | x | x | x | |
| 4 | Wear condition marking check
  paragraph 5.3.7.3 | | | x | x | x | x | |
| 5 | Integrity test — thermal fatigue
  paragraphs 4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 11, paragraphs 4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 12 | | | | x | x | | |
| 6 | Integrity test — high load test
  paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of Annex 11, and paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of Annex 12 | | | x | | | | |
| 7 | Service brake vehicle performance test
  paragraph 2.2 of Annex 11, paragraph 2.2 of Annex 12 | | | | | | Pair of discs | Either front or rear axle |
| 8 | Parking brake vehicle performance test
  paragraph 2.3 of Annex 11, paragraph 2.3 of Annex 12 | | | | | | Pair of discs | If applicable |
| 9 | Service brake dynamometer performance test
  paragraph 3.3 of Annex 11, paragraph 3.3 of Annex 12 | | | | | | x | Alternative to vehicle test |

Item No

Check/test

Sample number

Remarks

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

Geometric check

paragraphs 5.3.3.1, 5.3.4.1

x

x

x

x

x

x

2

Material check

paragraphs 5.3.3.2, 5.3.4.2

x

x

3

Balancing provisions check

paragraph 5.3.7.2

x

x

x

x

4

Wear condition marking check

paragraph 5.3.7.3

x

x

x

x

5

Integrity test — thermal fatigue

paragraphs 4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 11, paragraphs 4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 12

x

x

6

Integrity test — high load test

paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of Annex 11, and paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of Annex 12

x

7

Service brake vehicle performance test

paragraph 2.2 of Annex 11, paragraph 2.2 of Annex 12

Pair of discs

Either front or rear axle

8

Parking brake vehicle performance test

paragraph 2.3 of Annex 11, paragraph 2.3 of Annex 12

Pair of discs

If applicable

9

Service brake dynamometer performance test

paragraph 3.3 of Annex 11, paragraph 3.3 of Annex 12

x

Alternative to vehicle test

3.4.3.2.   Each disc and drum, other than those using geometric and material checks, shall be accompanied by the appropriate number of the suitable brake lining assemblies which have an approval to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90.

3.4.3.3.   In the case where a comparison with the original brake disc or brake drum is required, an axle set of original brake discs or original brake drum, as applicable, shall be provided.

3.4.3.4.   Where an equivalent replacement disc/drum approval is sought, two original brake disc/drum or original replacement brake disc/drum samples shall be provided for dimensional and material comparisons.

3.4.3.5.   Where an interchangeable replacement disc/drum approval is sought, two original brake disc/drum or original replacement brake disc/drum samples shall be provided for dimensional comparison.

4.   APPROVAL

| 4.1. | If the replacement part submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meet the requirements of paragraph 5 below, approval of the replacement part shall be granted.






  4.1.1. | In the case of replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L with a combined braking system in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78, the approval must be restricted to the brake lining assembly combination(s) on the axles of the vehicle having been tested according to Annex 7 of this Regulation. |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.

If the replacement part submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meet the requirements of paragraph 5 below, approval of the replacement part shall be granted.

4.1.1.

In the case of replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L with a combined braking system in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78, the approval must be restricted to the brake lining assembly combination(s) on the axles of the vehicle having been tested according to Annex 7 of this Regulation.

| 4.2. | To each replacement part approved there shall be assigned an approval number comprising four groups of digits:






  4.2.1. | The first two digits (at present 02 for the Regulation in its 02 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.2.

To each replacement part approved there shall be assigned an approval number comprising four groups of digits:

4.2.1.

The first two digits (at present 02 for the Regulation in its 02 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval.

| 4.2.2. | The following single letter shall indicate the category of the replacement part as follows:






  A | Replacement brake lining assembly |
| --- | --- | --- |
| B | Replacement drum brake lining |
| C | Replacement brake disc |
| D | Replacement brake drum |

4.2.2.

The following single letter shall indicate the category of the replacement part as follows:

A

Replacement brake lining assembly

B

Replacement drum brake lining

C

Replacement brake disc

D

Replacement brake drum

| 4.2.3. | The next four digits shall indicate the manufacture and the type of the brake lining, the type of disc or the type of drum.
  A suffix of four digits shall indicate:






  (a) | the shoe or back plate or specific dimension in the case of drum brake linings; |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.2.3.

The next four digits shall indicate the manufacture and the type of the brake lining, the type of disc or the type of drum.

A suffix of four digits shall indicate:

(a)

the shoe or back plate or specific dimension in the case of drum brake linings;

| (b) | the variant in the case of a replacement disc or replacement drum.



  4 digits indicate the variant/shoe/back plate/specific dimension of the replacement part (0001 to 9999)
  4 digits indicate (manufacturer and) the type of the replacement part (0001 to 9999)
  1 letter (A to D) indicates the category of the replacement part
  2 digits indicate series of amendment (01 to 99)
  Example:



  Variant No 7248
  Type No 0359
  Brake disc
  Amendment 02 |
| --- | --- |

(b)

the variant in the case of a replacement disc or replacement drum.

4 digits indicate the variant/shoe/back plate/specific dimension of the replacement part (0001 to 9999)

4 digits indicate (manufacturer and) the type of the replacement part (0001 to 9999)

1 letter (A to D) indicates the category of the replacement part

2 digits indicate series of amendment (01 to 99)

Example:

Variant No 7248

Type No 0359

Brake disc

Amendment 02

| 4.3. | The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another replacement part. The same type-approval number may cover the use of that replacement part on a number of differing vehicle types. |
| --- | --- |

4.3.

The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another replacement part. The same type-approval number may cover the use of that replacement part on a number of differing vehicle types.

| 4.4. | Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a replacement part pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

4.4.

Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a replacement part pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

| 4.5. | There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place, to every replacement part approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:






  4.5.1. | A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (3); |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.5.

There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place, to every replacement part approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:

4.5.1.

A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (3);

3

| 4.5.2. | The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.5.1. |
| --- | --- |

4.5.2.

The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.5.1.

| 4.6. | The approval mark referred to in paragraph 4.5 above shall be clearly legible and be indelible. |
| --- | --- |

4.6.

The approval mark referred to in paragraph 4.5 above shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

| 4.7. | Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark and approval data referred to above and in paragraph 6.5 below. |
| --- | --- |

4.7.

Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark and approval data referred to above and in paragraph 6.5 below.

5.   SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS

5.1.   General

A replacement part shall be so designed and constructed that, when substituted for the part originally fitted to a vehicle, the braking efficiency of that vehicle accords with that of the approved vehicle type.

Specifically:

| (a) | a replacement part for a vehicle type approved prior to Regulation No 13, 09 series of amendments, or the original version of Regulation No 13-H or Regulation No 78, 01 series of amendments, shall satisfy as a minimum the appropriate above-mentioned Regulation level; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

a replacement part for a vehicle type approved prior to Regulation No 13, 09 series of amendments, or the original version of Regulation No 13-H or Regulation No 78, 01 series of amendments, shall satisfy as a minimum the appropriate above-mentioned Regulation level;

| (b) | a replacement part shall display performance characteristics similar to that of the original part it is intended to replace; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

a replacement part shall display performance characteristics similar to that of the original part it is intended to replace;

| (c) | a replacement part must possess adequate mechanical characteristics; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

a replacement part must possess adequate mechanical characteristics;

| (d) | brake linings shall not contain asbestos; |
| --- | --- |

(d)

brake linings shall not contain asbestos;

| (e) | a replacement brake disc/drum shall exhibit sufficient deformation resistance under temperature; |
| --- | --- |

(e)

a replacement brake disc/drum shall exhibit sufficient deformation resistance under temperature;

| (f) | the minimum thickness of the brake disc shall not be less than the minimum thickness of the original brake disc as specified by the vehicle manufacturer; |
| --- | --- |

(f)

the minimum thickness of the brake disc shall not be less than the minimum thickness of the original brake disc as specified by the vehicle manufacturer;

| (g) | the maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum shall not be more than the maximum permissible inside diameter of the original brake drum specified by the vehicle manufacturer. |
| --- | --- |

(g)

the maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum shall not be more than the maximum permissible inside diameter of the original brake drum specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

5.1.1.   Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings conforming to the type specified in vehicle type-approval documentation to Regulation No 13 or to Regulation No 13-H or Regulation No 78 are deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 5 of this Regulation.

5.1.2.   Replacement discs and replacement drums conforming to the identification code specified in vehicle type-approval documentation to Regulation No 13 or to Regulation No 13-H are deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 5 of this Regulation.

5.2.   Requirements regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining

5.2.1.   Performance requirements

5.2.1.1.   Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M1, M2 and N1

1

2

1

At least one set of replacement brake lining assemblies, representing the type of lining to be approved, shall be installed and tested in at least one vehicle which is representative of the vehicle type for which approval is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 3 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this Annex. The representative vehicle(s) shall be selected from among the application range using a worst-case analysis (4). For speed sensitivity and cold performance equivalence, one of the two methods described in Annex 3 shall be used.

4

5.2.1.2.   Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M3, N2 and N3

3

2

3

At least one set of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings, representing the type of lining to be approved, shall be installed and tested in at least one vehicle or a brake which is representative of the vehicle type for which approval is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 4, using one of the two methods described in paragraph 1 (vehicle test) or in paragraph 2 (inertia dynamometer test) and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this Annex. The representative vehicle(s) or brake(s) shall be selected from among the application range using a worst-case analysis (4).

4

5.2.1.3.   Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories O1 and O2

1

2

Replacement brake lining assemblies shall be tested according to the prescriptions of Annex 5 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this Annex.

5.2.1.4.   Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories O3 and O4

3

4

Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings shall be tested according to the prescriptions of Annex 6 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this Annex. For the tests, one of the three methods described in paragraph 3 of Appendix 2 to Annex 11 to Regulation No 13 shall be used.

5.2.1.5.   Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L

At least one set of replacement brake lining assemblies, representing the type of lining to be approved, shall be installed and tested in at least one vehicle which is representative of the vehicle type for which approval is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 7 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this Annex. The representative vehicle(s) shall be selected from among the application range using a worst-case analysis (4).

4

5.2.2.   Mechanical characteristics

5.2.2.1.   Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1, O1, O2, and L

1

2

1

1

2

5.2.2.1.1.   Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for shear strength according to Standard either ISO 6312:1981 or ISO 6312:2001.

The minimum acceptable shear strength is 250 N/cm2 for pad assemblies and 100 N/cm2 for shoe assemblies.

2

2

5.2.2.1.2.   Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for compressibility according to standard either ISO 6310:1981, ISO 6310:2001 or ISO 6310:2009.

The compressibility values shall not exceed 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 5 per cent at 400 °C for pad assemblies and 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 4 per cent at 200 °C for shoe assemblies. This requirement does not apply to parking brake lining assemblies.

5.2.2.2.   Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3, O3, and O4

3

2

3

3

4

5.2.2.2.1.   Shear strength

This test applies only to disc brake pad assemblies.

Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for shear strength according to Standard ISO 6312:1981 or ISO 6312:2001. Brake lining assemblies may by divided into two or three parts to match the test machine’s capability.

The minimum acceptable shear strength is 250 N/cm2.

2

5.2.2.2.2.   Compressibility

Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for compressibility according to standard either ISO 6310:1981, ISO 6310:2001 or ISO 6310:2009. Flat specimens according to sample Type-I may be used.

The compressibility values shall not exceed 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 5 per cent at 400 °C for pad assemblies and 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 4 per cent at 200 °C for shoe assemblies and drum brake linings.

5.2.2.2.3.   Material hardness (5)

5

This requirement applies to drum brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings.

Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for hardness according to Standard ISO 2039-2:1987.

The hardness figure for the friction material at the rubbing surface shall be the mean value out of five sample linings from different production batches (if available) by taking five measurements at different places of each brake lining.

5.3.   Technical requirements regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc

All replacement parts have to be separated in 4 groups:

| (a) | original replacement brake disc/drum; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

original replacement brake disc/drum;

| (b) | identical brake disc/drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

identical brake disc/drum;

| (c) | equivalent disc/drum; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

equivalent disc/drum;

| (d) | interchangeable disc/drum. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

interchangeable disc/drum.

Depending on its group, the replacement brake disc or drum has to pass the following tests:

| | Performance tests according to Regulations Nos 13/13-H (Type-0, I, II, etc.) | Comparison test with dynamic frictional properties of the original part | Integrity tests (high load and thermal fatigue) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Original replacement parts | No | No | No |
| Identical parts | No | No | No |
| Equivalent parts | No | No | Dynamometer test |
| Interchangeable parts | Vehicle test or alternative dynamometer test | Vehicle test or alternative dynamometer test | Dynamometer test |

Performance tests according to Regulations Nos 13/13-H (Type-0, I, II, etc.)

Comparison test with dynamic frictional properties of the original part

Integrity tests (high load and thermal fatigue)

Original replacement parts

No

No

No

Identical parts

No

No

No

Equivalent parts

No

No

Dynamometer test

Interchangeable parts

Vehicle test or alternative dynamometer test

Vehicle test or alternative dynamometer test

Dynamometer test

The test requirements for brake discs and drums for vehicles of categories M and N are detailed in Annex 11.

The test requirements for brake discs and drums for vehicles of category O are detailed in Annex 12.

5.3.1.   Original replacement brake discs/drums

5.3.1.1.   Original replacement brake discs/drums are excluded from the scope of this Regulation provided they carry an identification code as defined in paragraph 2.3.2 affixed in such a way as to be indelible and clearly legible.

5.3.2.   Identical brake discs/drums

5.3.2.1.   The applicant for approval shall demonstrate to the approval authority that he supplies the brake discs or drums to the vehicle manufacturer as original equipment of the vehicles/axles/brakes mentioned under Annex 1B, point 4. In particular, the brake discs or drums shall be produced under the same production and quality assurance systems and conditions as for the original parts pursuant to paragraph 2.3.1.

5.3.2.2.   Since the identical brake discs/drums fulfils all requirement as the original part no testing requirements are prescribed.

5.3.3.   Equivalent replacement discs or drums

5.3.3.1.   Geometric requirements

The brake discs or drums shall be identical to the original brake disc or drum in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design.

5.3.3.1.1.   For discs the following maximum values shall be met:

| | M1, N1, O1, O2 | M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, O4 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thickness variation | 0,015  mm | 0,030  mm |
| Cheek thickness variation (for ventilated disc only) | 1,5  mm | 2,0  mm |
| Lateral run-out friction surface | 0,050  mm (*1) | 0,15  mm (*1) |
| Location bore variation | H9 | H9 |
| ‘Top hat’ parallelism | 0,100  mm | 0,100  mm |
| Location face flatness | 0,050  mm | 0,050  mm |
| Friction surface roughness (*2) | 3,2  μm | 3,2  μm |

M1, N1, O1, O2

1

1

1

2

M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, O4

2

3

2

3

3

4

Thickness variation

0,015  mm

0,030  mm

Cheek thickness variation (for ventilated disc only)

1,5  mm

2,0  mm

Lateral run-out friction surface

0,050  mm (*1)

*1

0,15  mm (*1)

*1

Location bore variation

H9

H9

‘Top hat’ parallelism

0,100  mm

0,100  mm

Location face flatness

0,050  mm

0,050  mm

Friction surface roughness (*2)

*2

3,2  μm

3,2  μm

5.3.3.1.2.   For drums the following maximum values shall be met:

| | M1, N1, O1, O2 | M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, O4 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Radial run-out friction surface | 0,050  mm | 0,100  mm |
| Location bore variation | H9 | H9 |
| Ovality | 0,040  mm | 0,150  mm |
| Location face flatness | 0,050  mm | 0,050  mm |
| Friction surface roughness (*3) | 3,5  μm | 3,5  μm |

M1, N1, O1, O2

1

1

1

2

M2, M3, N2, N3, O3, O4

2

3

2

3

3

4

Radial run-out friction surface

0,050  mm

0,100  mm

Location bore variation

H9

H9

Ovality

0,040  mm

0,150  mm

Location face flatness

0,050  mm

0,050  mm

Friction surface roughness (*3)

*3

3,5  μm

3,5  μm

5.3.3.2.   Material and metallurgical requirements

In order to be considered ‘equivalent’ the replacement brake disc or drum shall be from the same material sub-group as the original brake disc or drum. Four original part material sub-groups are defined.

| | Test standard | Sub-group 1
  Base cast iron
  DIN EN 1561
  EN-GJL-200 | Sub-group 2
  Base high carbon
  EN-GJL-150 | Sub-group 3
  Alloyed high carbon | Sub-group 4
  Unalloyed high carbon |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carbon content
  (per cent) | | 3,20-3,60 | 3,60-3,90 | 3,55-3,90 | 3,60-3,90 |
| Silicon content
  (per cent) | | 1,70-2,30 | 1,60-2,20 | 1,60-2,20 | 1,60-2,20 |
| Manganese content
  (per cent) | | Min 0,40 | Min 0,40 | Min 0,40 | Min 0,40 |
| Chromium content
  (per cent) | | Max 0,35 | Max 0,35 | 0,30-0,60 | Max 0,25 |
| Copper content
  (per cent) | | — | 0,30-0,70 | 0,30-0,70 | Max 0,40 |
| Hardness HBW | ISO 6506-1:2005 | 190-248 | 160-210 | 180-230 | 160-200 |
| Tensile strength
  (N/mm2) | ISO 6892:1998 | Min 220 | Min 160 | Min 170 | Min 150 |

Test standard

Sub-group 1

Base cast iron

DIN EN 1561

EN-GJL-200

Sub-group 2

Base high carbon

EN-GJL-150

Sub-group 3

Alloyed high carbon

Sub-group 4

Unalloyed high carbon

Carbon content

(per cent)

3,20-3,60

3,60-3,90

3,55-3,90

3,60-3,90

Silicon content

(per cent)

1,70-2,30

1,60-2,20

1,60-2,20

1,60-2,20

Manganese content

(per cent)

Min 0,40

Min 0,40

Min 0,40

Min 0,40

Chromium content

(per cent)

Max 0,35

Max 0,35

0,30-0,60

Max 0,25

Copper content

(per cent)

—

0,30-0,70

0,30-0,70

Max 0,40

Hardness HBW

ISO 6506-1:2005

190-248

160-210

180-230

160-200

Tensile strength

(N/mm2)

2

ISO 6892:1998

Min 220

Min 160

Min 170

Min 150

5.3.3.3.   Performance requirements

The part has to pass the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue according to Annexes 11 and 12.

5.3.4.   Interchangeable replacement discs or drums

5.3.4.1.   Geometric requirements

As paragraphs 5.3.3.1.1 and 5.3.3.1.2 plus the same interface dimensions.

An interchangeable replacement disc or drum may differ from the original part disc in design features such as:

| (a) | type and geometry of ventilation (for vented discs); |
| --- | --- |

(a)

type and geometry of ventilation (for vented discs);

| (b) | integral or composite disc or drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

integral or composite disc or drum;

| (c) | surface finish (e.g. holes, slots, etc.). |
| --- | --- |

(c)

surface finish (e.g. holes, slots, etc.).

5.3.4.2.   Performance requirements

The part has to pass the following performance tests according to Annexes 11 and 12:

| (a) | the performance test according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

the performance test according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H;

| (b) | the comparison test with dynamic frictional properties of the original part; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

the comparison test with dynamic frictional properties of the original part;

| (c) | the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue. |
| --- | --- |

(c)

the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue.

5.3.5.   Type

Brake discs/drums that do not differ in terms of their main characteristics as detailed below shall be regarded as one type within one report or approval:

5.3.5.1.   Type criteria for brake discs

5.3.5.1.1.   Basic design

| (a) | with or without ventilation (e.g. solid, ventilated); |
| --- | --- |

(a)

with or without ventilation (e.g. solid, ventilated);

| (b) | design of ventilation; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

design of ventilation;

| (c) | surface (e.g. with or without grooves or holes); |
| --- | --- |

(c)

surface (e.g. with or without grooves or holes);

| (d) | hub (with or without integrated parking brake drum); |
| --- | --- |

(d)

hub (with or without integrated parking brake drum);

| (e) | mounting (rigid, semi-floating, floating, etc.); |
| --- | --- |

(e)

mounting (rigid, semi-floating, floating, etc.);

| (f) | hat (with or without integrated parking brake drum). |
| --- | --- |

(f)

hat (with or without integrated parking brake drum).

5.3.5.1.2.   Material group

All material groups (including their respective sub-groups) are considered to be a separate type.

5.3.5.1.2.1.   Cast iron

5.3.5.1.2.2.   Steel

5.3.5.1.2.3.   Composite materials

5.3.5.1.2.4.   Multi-material construction

5.3.5.2.   Type criteria for brake drums

| (a) | material group (e.g. steel, cast iron, composite); |
| --- | --- |

(a)

material group (e.g. steel, cast iron, composite);

| (b) | hub (with/without); |
| --- | --- |

(b)

hub (with/without);

| (c) | composite design. |
| --- | --- |

(c)

composite design.

5.3.6.   Test group criteria (within the same type)

The testing in test groups is possible for interchangeable parts only if the connection between the mounting area and the disc friction faces are of the same general form.

From each of the test groups mentioned below, at least one variant is subject to the corresponding tests laid down in Annexes 10, 11 or 12. The variant chosen from within a test group to test the replacement part is that which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to its directly corresponding replacement part mass:

Formula

with:

| vmax, i | maximum design speed of the vehicle to which the replacement part is fitted (in the case of trailers vmax, i is assumed at least at 80 km/h) |
| --- | --- |
| m | test mass as defined in Annex 11, paragraph 3.2.1.2 and Annex 12, paragraph 3.2.1.2 |
| mreplacement part, i | mass of the replacement part of the corresponding vehicle |

vmax, i

max, i

maximum design speed of the vehicle to which the replacement part is fitted (in the case of trailers vmax, i is assumed at least at 80 km/h)

max, i

m

test mass as defined in Annex 11, paragraph 3.2.1.2 and Annex 12, paragraph 3.2.1.2

mreplacement part, i

replacement part, i

mass of the replacement part of the corresponding vehicle

5.3.6.1.   Replacement brake discs

5.3.6.1.1.   Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake discs in vehicles belonging to categories M1, M2, N1, N2, O1 and O2

1

2

1

2

1

2

5.3.6.1.1.1.   Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12

This test group includes all brake discs where the outside diameter of the disc does not vary by more than 6 mm and the disc thickness by not more than 4 mm.

5.3.6.1.1.2.   In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.

5.3.6.1.2.   Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake discs in vehicles belonging to categories M3, N3, O3 and O4

3

3

3

4

5.3.6.1.2.1.   Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12

This test group includes all brake discs where the outside diameter of the disc does not vary by more than 10 mm and the disc thickness by not more than 4 mm.

5.3.6.1.2.2.   In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.

5.3.6.2.   Replacement brake drums

5.3.6.2.1.   Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake drums in vehicles belonging to categories M1, M2, N1, N2, O1 and O2

1

2

1

2

1

2

5.3.6.2.1.1.   Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12

This test group includes all brake drums that do not vary by more than 30 mm in terms of the inside diameter of the drum and by more than 10 mm as regards the shoe width of the drum brake.

5.3.6.2.1.2.   In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.

5.3.6.2.2.   Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake drums in vehicles belonging to categories M3, N3, O3 and O4

3

3

3

4

5.3.6.2.2.1.   Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12

This test group includes all brake drums that do not vary by more than 10 per cent (referring to the smallest value) in terms of the inside diameter of the drum and by more than 40 mm as regards the shoe width of the drum brake.

5.3.6.2.2.2.   In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.

5.3.7.   Scope of assessment with regard to replacement brake discs/drums

5.3.7.1.   Geometric checks

Compared with original parts, replacement brake discs/drums shall be checked in terms of the following applicable characteristics (see also Annex 10):

| (a) | disc/drum diameter, including friction surface diameters (in the case of a disc brake with an integrated parking brake drum, both diameters have to be checked); |
| --- | --- |

(a)

disc/drum diameter, including friction surface diameters (in the case of a disc brake with an integrated parking brake drum, both diameters have to be checked);

| (b) | disc thickness (original dimensions and the minimum permissible wear indication) — mounting face to external friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

disc thickness (original dimensions and the minimum permissible wear indication) — mounting face to external friction surface;

| (c) | mounting flange thickness; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

mounting flange thickness;

| (d) | pitch circle diameter of fixing holes/studs; |
| --- | --- |

(d)

pitch circle diameter of fixing holes/studs;

| (e) | number of fixing holes/studs; |
| --- | --- |

(e)

number of fixing holes/studs;

| (f) | mounting flange diameter; |
| --- | --- |

(f)

mounting flange diameter;

| (g) | type of centring (e.g. central spigot or mounting bolts/studs); |
| --- | --- |

(g)

type of centring (e.g. central spigot or mounting bolts/studs);

| (h) | in the case of brake discs with integrated parking brake drums the width of the friction surface area and any heat compensation groove(s); |
| --- | --- |

(h)

in the case of brake discs with integrated parking brake drums the width of the friction surface area and any heat compensation groove(s);

| (i) | additionally, in the case of ventilated brake discs:






  (i) | the type of ventilation (internal/external); |
| --- | --- | --- |

(i)

additionally, in the case of ventilated brake discs:

(i)

the type of ventilation (internal/external);

| (ii) | the number of ribs and pillars; |
| --- | --- |

(ii)

the number of ribs and pillars;

| (iii) | the dimensions of the ventilation duct. |
| --- | --- |

(iii)

the dimensions of the ventilation duct.

5.3.7.2.   Balancing provision

The balancing provision with regard to the replacement brake discs/drums shall correspond to that of the original part being replaced.

5.3.7.3.   Assessment of the wear condition of the friction surfaces

This shall conform to the vehicle manufacturer criteria.

5.3.7.4.   Tests

Each test group (see 5.3.6) within a particular type of replacement brake disc/drum (see 3.3.2) shall be tested by the technical service.

5.3.8.   Test report

A test report shall be produced, the content of which shall be at least that defined in Annex 13 to this Regulation.

6.   PACKAGING AND MARKING

6.1.   Packaging and marking requirements regarding a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining:

| 6.1.1. | Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings conforming to a type approved in accordance with this Regulation shall be marketed in axle sets. |
| --- | --- |

6.1.1.

Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings conforming to a type approved in accordance with this Regulation shall be marketed in axle sets.

| 6.1.2. | Each axle set shall be contained in a sealed package constructed to show previous opening. |
| --- | --- |

6.1.2.

Each axle set shall be contained in a sealed package constructed to show previous opening.

| 6.1.3. | Each package shall display the following information:






  6.1.3.1. | The quantity of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings in the package; |
| --- | --- | --- |

6.1.3.

Each package shall display the following information:

6.1.3.1.

The quantity of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings in the package;

| 6.1.3.2. | Manufacturer’s name or trade mark; |
| --- | --- |

6.1.3.2.

Manufacturer’s name or trade mark;

| 6.1.3.3. | Make and type of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings; |
| --- | --- |

6.1.3.3.

Make and type of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings;

| 6.1.3.4. | The vehicles/axles/brakes for which the contents are approved; |
| --- | --- |

6.1.3.4.

The vehicles/axles/brakes for which the contents are approved;

| 6.1.3.5. | The approval mark. |
| --- | --- |

6.1.3.5.

The approval mark.

| 6.1.4. | Each package shall contain fitting instructions in an official ECE language, supplemented by the corresponding text in the language of the country where it is sold:






  6.1.4.1. | With particular reference to auxiliary parts; |
| --- | --- | --- |

6.1.4.

Each package shall contain fitting instructions in an official ECE language, supplemented by the corresponding text in the language of the country where it is sold:

6.1.4.1.

With particular reference to auxiliary parts;

| 6.1.4.2. | Stating that replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings should be replaced in axle sets; |
| --- | --- |

6.1.4.2.

Stating that replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings should be replaced in axle sets;

| 6.1.4.3. | With, in the case of replacement drum brake linings, a general statement calling attention to the following points: | The integrity of the shoe platform, abutment and pivot; |
| --- | --- | --- |

6.1.4.3.

With, in the case of replacement drum brake linings, a general statement calling attention to the following points:

The integrity of the shoe platform, abutment and pivot;

| | Freedom of the shoe from distortion, deformation and corrosion; |
| --- | --- |

Freedom of the shoe from distortion, deformation and corrosion;

| | The type and size of rivet to be used; |
| --- | --- |

The type and size of rivet to be used;

| | The required riveting tools and forces. |
| --- | --- |

The required riveting tools and forces.

| 6.1.4.4. | With, additionally, in the case of combined braking systems in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78 giving the approved brake lining assembly combination(s). |
| --- | --- |

6.1.4.4.

With, additionally, in the case of combined braking systems in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78 giving the approved brake lining assembly combination(s).

| 6.1.5. | Each replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining shall display permanently one set of approval data:






  6.1.5.1. | The approval mark; |
| --- | --- | --- |

6.1.5.

Each replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining shall display permanently one set of approval data:

6.1.5.1.

The approval mark;

| 6.1.5.2. | The date of manufacture, at least month and year, or batch number; |
| --- | --- |

6.1.5.2.

The date of manufacture, at least month and year, or batch number;

| 6.1.5.3. | Make and type of brake lining. |
| --- | --- |

6.1.5.3.

Make and type of brake lining.

6.2.   Packaging and marking requirements regarding replacement brake discs or replacement brake drums

6.2.1.   Every unit sold shall at least exhibit the following information:

| 6.2.1.1. | Part number; |
| --- | --- |

6.2.1.1.

Part number;

| 6.2.1.2. | In the case of motor vehicles:
  Make, type and trade name of the vehicle, the axle intended to be fitted and period of manufacturing of the vehicle; should the period of manufacture not be readily available a reference to the original part number/identification code may be used; |
| --- | --- |

6.2.1.2.

In the case of motor vehicles:

Make, type and trade name of the vehicle, the axle intended to be fitted and period of manufacturing of the vehicle; should the period of manufacture not be readily available a reference to the original part number/identification code may be used;

| 6.2.1.3. | In the case of trailers a reference to the original part number/identification code shall be used; |
| --- | --- |

6.2.1.3.

In the case of trailers a reference to the original part number/identification code shall be used;

| 6.2.1.4. | Each package shall contain fitting instructions in the language of the country where it is sold:






  6.2.1.4.1. | With particular reference to ancillary parts; |
| --- | --- | --- |

6.2.1.4.

Each package shall contain fitting instructions in the language of the country where it is sold:

6.2.1.4.1.

With particular reference to ancillary parts;

| 6.2.1.4.2. | Stating that replacement brake discs and drums should be replaced in axle sets. |
| --- | --- |

6.2.1.4.2.

Stating that replacement brake discs and drums should be replaced in axle sets.

6.2.2.   Marking

Every brake disc/drum approved in accordance with this Regulation shall be durably marked with at least the following information:

| 6.2.2.1. | Manufacturer’s name or trade mark; |
| --- | --- |

6.2.2.1.

Manufacturer’s name or trade mark;

| 6.2.2.2. | The approval number; |
| --- | --- |

6.2.2.2.

The approval number;

| 6.2.2.3. | An indication which provides traceability of the production process (e.g. date, batch number, source code); |
| --- | --- |

6.2.2.3.

An indication which provides traceability of the production process (e.g. date, batch number, source code);

| 6.2.2.4. | The minimum thickness of the brake disc or the maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum. |
| --- | --- |

6.2.2.4.

The minimum thickness of the brake disc or the maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum.

7.   MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF REPLACEMENT PARTS

| 7.1. | Every modification of the replacement part shall be notified to the type-approval authority which granted the type-approval. The department may then either:






  7.1.1. | Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse effects and that in any event the replacement part still complies with the requirements; or |
| --- | --- | --- |

7.1.

Every modification of the replacement part shall be notified to the type-approval authority which granted the type-approval. The department may then either:

7.1.1.

Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse effects and that in any event the replacement part still complies with the requirements; or

| 7.1.2. | Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests. |
| --- | --- |

7.1.2.

Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

| 7.2. | Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.4 above to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

7.2.

Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.4 above to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation.

| 7.3. | The Competent Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

7.3.

The Competent Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

8.   CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

| 8.1. | Replacement parts approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved. |
| --- | --- |

8.1.

Replacement parts approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved.

| 8.2. | Original parts being the subject of an application under paragraph 3.2 are deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8. |
| --- | --- |

8.2.

Original parts being the subject of an application under paragraph 3.2 are deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.

| 8.3. | To verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be applied. These shall encompass the control of raw materials and components used. |
| --- | --- |

8.3.

To verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be applied. These shall encompass the control of raw materials and components used.

| 8.4. | The holder of an approval shall in particular:






  8.4.1. | Ensure that for each replacement brake lining assembly type or replacement drum brake lining type at least the relevant tests prescribed in paragraph 5.2.2 and the relevant tests as prescribed in Annex 9 to this Regulation are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular quality assurance procedure. For parking brake lining assemblies only the shear strength described in paragraph 5.2.2 is applicable. |
| --- | --- | --- |

8.4.

The holder of an approval shall in particular:

8.4.1.

Ensure that for each replacement brake lining assembly type or replacement drum brake lining type at least the relevant tests prescribed in paragraph 5.2.2 and the relevant tests as prescribed in Annex 9 to this Regulation are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular quality assurance procedure. For parking brake lining assemblies only the shear strength described in paragraph 5.2.2 is applicable.

| 8.4.2. | Ensure that for each replacement disc and drum at least the tests prescribed in Annex 9 to this Regulation are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular quality assurance procedure. |
| --- | --- |

8.4.2.

Ensure that for each replacement disc and drum at least the tests prescribed in Annex 9 to this Regulation are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular quality assurance procedure.

| 8.4.3. | Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products; |
| --- | --- |

8.4.3.

Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;

| 8.4.4. | Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type; |
| --- | --- |

8.4.4.

Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type;

| 8.4.5. | Analyse the results of each type of test in order to verify and ensure the consistency of the product characteristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production; |
| --- | --- |

8.4.5.

Analyse the results of each type of test in order to verify and ensure the consistency of the product characteristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production;

| 8.4.6. | Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents remain available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative service; |
| --- | --- |

8.4.6.

Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents remain available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative service;

| 8.4.7. | Ensure that any samples or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production. |
| --- | --- |

8.4.7.

Ensure that any samples or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production.

| 8.5. | The Competent Authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit.






  8.5.1. | In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector. |
| --- | --- | --- |

8.5.

The Competent Authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit.

8.5.1.

In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.

| 8.5.2. | The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer’s laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer’s own verification. |
| --- | --- |

8.5.2.

The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer’s laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer’s own verification.

| 8.5.3. | When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.5.2 the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type-approval tests. |
| --- | --- |

8.5.3.

When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.5.2 the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type-approval tests.

| 8.5.4. | The competent authority may carry out any tests prescribed in this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

8.5.4.

The competent authority may carry out any tests prescribed in this Regulation.

| 8.5.5. | The normal frequency of inspections authorised by the Competent Authority shall be one per year. In the case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible. |
| --- | --- |

8.5.5.

The normal frequency of inspections authorised by the Competent Authority shall be one per year. In the case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.

9.   PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

| 9.1. | The approval granted in respect of a replacement brake lining assembly type or drum brake lining type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are not complied with.
  The approval granted in respect of the type of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are not complied with. |
| --- | --- |

9.1.

The approval granted in respect of a replacement brake lining assembly type or drum brake lining type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are not complied with.

The approval granted in respect of the type of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are not complied with.

| 9.2. | If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or Annex 1B to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

9.2.

If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or Annex 1B to this Regulation.

10.   PRODUCTION DEFINITIVELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a replacement part approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or 1B to this Regulation.

11.   NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS, AND OF TYPE-APPROVAL AUTHORITIES

The Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the type-approval authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, or production definitively discontinued, issued in other countries, are to be sent.

12.   TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

| 12.1. | As from the official date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of amendments. |
| --- | --- |

12.1.

As from the official date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of amendments.

| 12.2. | Even after the date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, brake lining assembly and drum brake lining approvals to the 01 series of amendments to the Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying the Regulation shall continue to accept them and shall not refuse to grant extensions of approval to the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

12.2.

Even after the date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, brake lining assembly and drum brake lining approvals to the 01 series of amendments to the Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying the Regulation shall continue to accept them and shall not refuse to grant extensions of approval to the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation.

| 12.3. | Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to allow fitting or use on a vehicle in use of a replacement brake lining assembly approved to this Regulation in its original, unamended form. |
| --- | --- |

12.3.

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to allow fitting or use on a vehicle in use of a replacement brake lining assembly approved to this Regulation in its original, unamended form.

---

(1)  It does not apply to possible additional functions of replacement parts as for example speed sensing in the case of integrated speed sensing devices or guidance of the wheels in the case of integrated hubs.

1

(2)  If such brake linings are not available on the market, alternatively, brake linings listed under paragraph 8.2 may be used.

2

(3)  The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1.

3

(4)  Worst-case analysis must include the following technical characteristics (as a minimum) of each vehicle type in the application range:

4

| (a) | rotor diameter; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

rotor diameter;

| (b) | rotor thickness; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

rotor thickness;

| (c) | ventilated or solid rotor; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

ventilated or solid rotor;

| (d) | piston diameter; |
| --- | --- |

(d)

piston diameter;

| (e) | tyre dynamic radius; |
| --- | --- |

(e)

tyre dynamic radius;

| (f) | vehicle mass; |
| --- | --- |

(f)

vehicle mass;

| (g) | axle mass and percentage of braking effort of the axle; |
| --- | --- |

(g)

axle mass and percentage of braking effort of the axle;

| (h) | maximum speed of the vehicle. |
| --- | --- |

(h)

maximum speed of the vehicle.

The testing conditions shall be specified in the test report.

(5)  This test is included for conformity of production purposes. Minimum values and the tolerances to be agreed with the technical service.

5

(*1)  N/a in the case of a floating disc.

*1

(*2)  Ra-value according to ISO 1302:2002.

*2

(*3)  Ra-value according to ISO 1302:2002.

*3

---

ANNEX 1A

COMMUNICATION

(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Image 15

issued by:

Name of administration:

concerning (2):

Approval granted

Approval extended

Approval refused

Approval withdrawn

Production definitively discontinued

of a replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining pursuant to Regulation No 90

Approval No: ...

Extension No: ...

1. Applicant’s name and address ...

2. Manufacturer’s name and address ...

3. Make and type of brake lining assembly/drum brake lining (2) ...

4. Make and type of brake lining ...

5. Vehicles/axles/brakes for which the brake lining assembly type/drum brake lining type qualifies as original brake lining assembly/original drum brake lining: ...

6. Vehicles/axles/brakes for which the brake lining assembly type/drum brake lining type qualifies as replacement brake lining assembly/replacement drum brake lining: ...

6.1. Additionally in the case of combined braking systems in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78, approved brake lining assembly combination(s): ...

7. Submitted for approval on ...

8. Technical service responsible for approval tests ...

8.1. Date of test report ...

8.2. Number of test report ...

9. Approval granted/extended/refused/withdrawn (2)

10. Place ...

11. Date ...

12. Signature ...

13. Annexed to this communication is a list of documents in the approval file deposited at the type-approval authorities having delivered the approval and which can be obtained upon request.

(1) Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).

(2) Strike out what does not apply.

---

ANNEX 1B

COMMUNICATION

(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Image 16

issued by:

Name of administration

concerning (2):

Approval granted

Approval extended

Approval refused

Approval withdrawn

Production definitively discontinued

of a replacement brake disc or a replacement brake drum pursuant to Regulation No 90

Approval No ...

Extension No ...

1. Applicant name and address ...

2. Manufacturer name and address ...

3. Make and type of brake disc/drum ...

4. Vehicles/axles/brakes for which the replacement brake disc or a replacement brake drum is approved: ...

5. Submitted for approval on ...

6. Technical service responsible for approval tests ...

6.1. Date of test report ...

6.2. Number of test report ...

7. Approval granted/extended/refused/withdrawn (2)

8. Place ...

9. Date ...

10. Signature ...

11. Annexed to this communication is a list of documents in the approval file deposited at the type-approval authorities having delivered the approval and which can be obtained upon request.

(1) Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).

(2) Strike out what does not apply.

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ANNEX 2

ARRANGEMENTS OF THE APPROVAL MARK AND APPROVAL DATA

(See paragraph 4.2 of this Regulation)

Image 17

The above approval mark shows that the item concerned has been approved in France (E2) pursuant to Regulation No 90 under approval number C0359/7248. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 90 as amended by the 02 series of amendments.

Example of pad assembly marking

Image 18

Example of shoe assembly marking

Image 19

Example of drum brake lining marking

Image 20

| Note: | positions of markings and mutual positions of markings shown in the examples are not mandatory. |
| --- | --- |

Note:

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ANNEX 3

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M1, M2 AND N1

1.   Conformance with Regulation No 13 or 13-H

Compliance with the requirements of Regulation No 13 or 13-H shall be demonstrated in a vehicle test.

1.1.   Vehicle preparation

1.1.1.   Test Vehicle

A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is required shall be equipped with the replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulations Nos 13 and 13-H.

Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

1.1.2.   Bedding (burnishing) procedure

1.1.2.1.   General conditions

Brake lining assemblies submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes. In the case of replacement brake lining assemblies, new brake linings must be used. Drum brake linings may be machined to achieve the best possible initial contact between the linings and drum(s). The test vehicle shall be fully laden.

Original brake lining assemblies used for comparison test and already fitted to the test vehicle may be used provided they are in a good condition and have not been worn out by more than 20 per cent of the initial thickness. They must not show damages, cracks, excessive corrosion or signs of overheating. They shall be bedded to the procedure described below.

1.1.2.2.   Procedure

Perform a minimum 50 km driving distance and at least 100 brake applications at varying decelerations (at least between 1 m/s2 and 5 m/s2) with initial speeds between 50 km/h and 120 km/h. A temperature range between 250 °C and 500 °C for pad assemblies or between 150 °C and 250 °C for drum brake lining assemblies (measured at the rubbing surface of the disc or drum) must be achieved at least three times during the bedding procedure. Temperatures must not exceed 500 °C for pad assemblies and 250 °C for drum brake lining assemblies.

1.1.2.3.   Performance check

By braking only one axle at a time perform five brake applications from 70 km/h to 0 km/h (front axle) and 45 km/h to 0 km/h (rear axle) at a line pressure of 4 Mpa (1) and with an initial temperature of 100 °C for each stop. The five consecutive non-monotonic results must remain within the tolerance of 0,6 m/s2 (front axle) or 0,4 m/s2 (rear axle) of their mean fully developed deceleration.

If this requirement is not fulfilled the bedding procedure according to paragraph 1.1.2.2 must be extended and the performance check according to paragraph 1.1.2.3 must be repeated.

1.2.   The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in question (M1, M2 or N1) in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1 and 2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraphs 1 and 2 whichever is appropriate taking into consideration the original approval of the system. The applicable requirements or tests are:

1.2.1.   Service braking system

1.2.1.1.   Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.2.

1.2.1.2.   Type-0 test with engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1.4.3.1 (stability test) and 1.4.3.2 (only the test with initial speed v = 0,8vmax) or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraphs 1.4.3.1 and 1.4.3.2.

1.2.1.3.   Type-I test, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.

1.2.2.   Secondary braking system

1.2.2.1.   Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.2 (this test may be omitted in cases where it is obvious that the requirements are met, e.g. diagonal split braking system).

1.2.3.   Parking braking system

(Only applicable if the brakes for which lining approval is sought are used for parking).

1.2.3.1.   Parking brake test at 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.3.1 or parking brake test at 20 per cent gradient, vehicle laden, Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.3.1.

1.3.   The vehicle must satisfy all the relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2 for that category of vehicle.

2.   Additional requirements

Compliance with the additional requirements shall be demonstrated by using one of the two following methods:

2.1.   Vehicle test (split axle test)

For this test the vehicle shall be fully laden and all brake applications made with engine disconnected, on a level road.

The vehicle service brake control system shall be equipped with a means of isolating front and rear axle brakes so that either may be used independently of the other.

Where brake lining assembly approval is required for front axle brakes the rear axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

Where brake lining assembly approval is required for rear axle brakes the front axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

2.1.1.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining assembly shall be made by comparing the results of testing to the following method:

| 2.1.1.1. | Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of pedal effort or line pressure up to wheel lock or, alternatively, up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the allowed maximum pedal force for the category of vehicle in question from an initial speed as given in the table below:







  Vehicle category | Test speed in km/h |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Front axle | Rear axle |
| M1 | 70 | 45 |
| M2 | 50 | 40 |
| N1 | 65 | 50 |

2.1.1.1.

Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of pedal effort or line pressure up to wheel lock or, alternatively, up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the allowed maximum pedal force for the category of vehicle in question from an initial speed as given in the table below:

Vehicle category

Test speed in km/h

Front axle

Rear axle

M1

70

45

M2

50

40

N1

65

50

The initial brake temperature at the start of each application shall be ≤ 100 °C.

| 2.1.1.2. | Note and plot pedal force or line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and determine the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve (if possible) a mean fully developed deceleration of 5 m/s2 for front axle brakes and 3 m/s2 for rear axle brakes. If these values cannot be achieved with the maximum allowed pedal force determine alternatively the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve maximum deceleration. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.1.2.

Note and plot pedal force or line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and determine the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve (if possible) a mean fully developed deceleration of 5 m/s2 for front axle brakes and 3 m/s2 for rear axle brakes. If these values cannot be achieved with the maximum allowed pedal force determine alternatively the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve maximum deceleration.

| 2.1.1.3. | The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.1.3.

The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly.

2.1.2.   Speed sensitivity test

2.1.2.1.   Using the pedal force derived from paragraph 2.1.1.2 of this Annex and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:

| (a) | Front axle 65, 100 km/h and additionally 135 km/h where vmax exceeds 150 km/h. |
| --- | --- |

(a)

Front axle 65, 100 km/h and additionally 135 km/h where vmax exceeds 150 km/h.

| (b) | Rear axle 45, 65 km/h and additionally 90 km/h where vmax exceeds 150 km/h. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

Rear axle 45, 65 km/h and additionally 90 km/h where vmax exceeds 150 km/h.

2.1.2.2.   Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully developed deceleration.

2.1.2.3.   Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded for the lowest speed.

2.2.   Inertia dynamometer test

2.2.1.   Test equipment

For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The dynamometer shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in the brake line, number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.

2.2.2.   Test conditions

2.2.2.1.   The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the axle portion of the maximum vehicle mass as listed in the table below and to the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).

| Vehicle category | Axle portion of maximum vehicle mass |
| --- | --- |
| Front | Rear |
| M1 | 0,77 | 0,32 |
| M2 | 0,69 | 0,44 |
| N1 | 0,66 | 0,39 |

Vehicle category

Axle portion of maximum vehicle mass

Front

Rear

M1

0,77

0,32

M2

0,69

0,44

N1

0,66

0,39

2.2.2.2.   The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in paragraphs 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of this Annex and shall be based on the dynamic rolling radius of the tyre.

2.2.2.3.   Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished) according to the following procedure:

Burnishing phase 1, 64 snubs from 80 km/h to 30 km/h at varying line pressures:

| | Rear axle | Rear axle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parameter | Front axle | Disc brake | Drum brake |
| Number of snubs per cycle | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Brake speed (km/h) | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Release speed (km/h) | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Initial brake temperature (°C) | < 100 | < 100 | < 80 |
| Final brake temperature (°C) | Open | Open | Open |
| Pressure snub 1 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 2 (kPa) | 3 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 |
| Pressure snub 3 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 4 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 5 (kPa) | 2 200 | 2 200 | 2 200 |
| Pressure snub 6 (kPa) | 3 800 | 3 800 | 3 800 |
| Pressure snub 7 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 8 (kPa) | 2 600 | 2 600 | 2 600 |
| Pressure snub 9 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 10 (kPa) | 3 400 | 3 400 | 3 400 |
| Pressure snub 11 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 12 (kPa) | 2 600 | 2 600 | 2 600 |
| Pressure snub 13 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 14 (kPa) | 2 200 | 2 200 | 2 200 |
| Pressure snub 15 (kPa) | 3 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 |
| Pressure snub 16 (kPa) | 4 600 | 4 600 | 4 600 |
| Pressure snub 17 (kPa) | 2 600 | 2 600 | 2 600 |
| Pressure snub 18 (kPa) | 5 100 | 5 100 | 5 100 |
| Pressure snub 19 (kPa) | 2 200 | 2 200 | 2 200 |
| Pressure snub 20 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 21 (kPa) | 4 200 | 4 200 | 4 200 |
| Pressure snub 22 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 23 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 24 (kPa) | 4 600 | 4 600 | 4 600 |
| Pressure snub 25 (kPa) | 2 600 | 2 600 | 2 600 |
| Pressure snub 26 (kPa) | 1 500 | 1 500 | 1 500 |
| Pressure snub 27 (kPa) | 3 400 | 3 400 | 3 400 |
| Pressure snub 28 (kPa) | 2 200 | 2 200 | 2 200 |
| Pressure snub 29 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 30 (kPa) | 3 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 |
| Pressure snub 31 (kPa) | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 |
| Pressure snub 32 (kPa) | 3 800 | 3 800 | 3 800 |
| Number of cycles | 2 | 2 | 2 |

Rear axle

Rear axle

Parameter

Front axle

Disc brake

Drum brake

Number of snubs per cycle

32

32

32

Brake speed (km/h)

80

80

80

Release speed (km/h)

30

30

30

Initial brake temperature (°C)

< 100

< 100

< 80

Final brake temperature (°C)

Open

Open

Open

Pressure snub 1 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 2 (kPa)

3 000

3 000

3 000

Pressure snub 3 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 4 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 5 (kPa)

2 200

2 200

2 200

Pressure snub 6 (kPa)

3 800

3 800

3 800

Pressure snub 7 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 8 (kPa)

2 600

2 600

2 600

Pressure snub 9 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 10 (kPa)

3 400

3 400

3 400

Pressure snub 11 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 12 (kPa)

2 600

2 600

2 600

Pressure snub 13 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 14 (kPa)

2 200

2 200

2 200

Pressure snub 15 (kPa)

3 000

3 000

3 000

Pressure snub 16 (kPa)

4 600

4 600

4 600

Pressure snub 17 (kPa)

2 600

2 600

2 600

Pressure snub 18 (kPa)

5 100

5 100

5 100

Pressure snub 19 (kPa)

2 200

2 200

2 200

Pressure snub 20 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 21 (kPa)

4 200

4 200

4 200

Pressure snub 22 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 23 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 24 (kPa)

4 600

4 600

4 600

Pressure snub 25 (kPa)

2 600

2 600

2 600

Pressure snub 26 (kPa)

1 500

1 500

1 500

Pressure snub 27 (kPa)

3 400

3 400

3 400

Pressure snub 28 (kPa)

2 200

2 200

2 200

Pressure snub 29 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 30 (kPa)

3 000

3 000

3 000

Pressure snub 31 (kPa)

1 800

1 800

1 800

Pressure snub 32 (kPa)

3 800

3 800

3 800

Number of cycles

2

2

2

Burnishing phase 2, 10 stops from 100 km/h to 5 km/h at 0,4 g deceleration and increasing initial temperatures:

| | Rear axle | Rear axle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parameter | Front axle | Disc brake | Drum brake |
| Number of stops per cycle | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Brake speed (km/h) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Release speed (km/h) | < 5 | < 5 | < 5 |
| Deceleration level (g) | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 |
| Maximum pressure (kPa) | 16 000 | 16 000 | 10 000 |
| Initial temperature 1 (°C) | < 100 | < 100 | < 100 |
| Initial temperature 2 (°C) | < 215 | < 215 | < 151 |
| Initial temperature 3 (°C) | < 283 | < 283 | < 181 |
| Initial temperature 4 (°C) | < 330 | < 330 | < 202 |
| Initial temperature 5 (°C) | < 367 | < 367 | < 219 |
| Initial temperature 6 (°C) | < 398 | < 398 | < 232 |
| Initial temperature 7 (°C) | < 423 | < 423 | < 244 |
| Initial temperature 8 (°C) | < 446 | < 446 | < 254 |
| Initial temperature 9 (°C) | < 465 | < 465 | < 262 |
| Initial temperature 10 (°C) | < 483 | < 483 | < 270 |
| Number of cycles | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Rear axle

Rear axle

Parameter

Front axle

Disc brake

Drum brake

Number of stops per cycle

10

10

10

Brake speed (km/h)

100

100

100

Release speed (km/h)

< 5

< 5

< 5

Deceleration level (g)

0,4

0,4

0,4

Maximum pressure (kPa)

16 000

16 000

10 000

Initial temperature 1 (°C)

< 100

< 100

< 100

Initial temperature 2 (°C)

< 215

< 215

< 151

Initial temperature 3 (°C)

< 283

< 283

< 181

Initial temperature 4 (°C)

< 330

< 330

< 202

Initial temperature 5 (°C)

< 367

< 367

< 219

Initial temperature 6 (°C)

< 398

< 398

< 232

Initial temperature 7 (°C)

< 423

< 423

< 244

Initial temperature 8 (°C)

< 446

< 446

< 254

Initial temperature 9 (°C)

< 465

< 465

< 262

Initial temperature 10 (°C)

< 483

< 483

< 270

Number of cycles

1

1

1

Recovery, 18 snubs from 80 km/h to 30 km/h at line pressure of 3 000 kPa:

| | Rear axle | Rear axle |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parameter | Front axle | Disc brake | Drum brake |
| Number of stops per cycle | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Brake speed (km/h) | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Release speed (km/h) | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Pressure (kPa) | 3 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 |
| Initial brake temperature (°C) | < 100 | < 100 | < 80 |
| Final brake temperature (°C) | Open | Open | Open |
| Number of cycles | 1 | 1 | 1 |

Rear axle

Rear axle

Parameter

Front axle

Disc brake

Drum brake

Number of stops per cycle

18

18

18

Brake speed (km/h)

80

80

80

Release speed (km/h)

30

30

30

Pressure (kPa)

3 000

3 000

3 000

Initial brake temperature (°C)

< 100

< 100

< 80

Final brake temperature (°C)

Open

Open

Open

Number of cycles

1

1

1

2.2.2.4.   Perform five brake applications from 80 km/h to 0 km/hat a line pressure of 4 MPa and with an initial temperature of 100 °C for each stop. The five consecutive non-monotonic results must remain within the tolerance of 0,6 m/s2 of their mean fully developed deceleration.

If this requirement is not fulfilled the first part of the bedding procedure ‘Burnishing Phase 1’ must be repeated until the required performance stability is achieved.

2.2.2.5.   The use of cooling air is permitted. The speed of the airflow during the brake application at the brake shall be:

vair = 0,33v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

2.2.3.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining assembly shall be made by comparing the results of testing to the following method.

2.2.3.1.   From the initial speed of 80 km/h for M1 and N1 and 60 km/h for M2 and with brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2.

2.2.3.2.   Note and plot line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and determine line pressure required to achieve 5 m/s2.

2.2.3.3.   The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly.

2.2.4.   Speed sensitivity test

2.2.4.1.   Using the line pressure derived from paragraph 2.2.3.2 and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C make three brake applications from rotational speeds corresponding to vehicle linear speeds of:

75, 120 km/h and additionally 160 km/h where vmax exceeds 150 km/h.

2.2.4.2.   Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully developed deceleration.

2.2.4.3.   Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded for the lowest speed.

---

(1)  For other than hydraulic braking systems an equivalent input value should be used.

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ANNEX 4

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES AND DRUM BRAKE LININGS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M3, N2 AND N3

1.   Vehicle test

1.1.   Test vehicle

A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval or drum brake lining approval is required shall be equipped with brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings of the type for which approval is sought and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation No 13.

Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

1.2.   Tests and requirements

1.2.1.   Conformance with Regulation No 13

1.2.1.1.   The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in question (M3, N2 or N3) in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1 and 2 The applicable requirements or tests are:

1.2.1.1.1.   Service braking system

1.2.1.1.1.1.   Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden

1.2.1.1.1.2.   Type-0 test with engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1.4.3.1 (stability test) and 1.4.3.2 (only the test with initial speed v = 0,8 vmax).

1.2.1.1.1.3.   Type-I test according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1.5.1 and 1.5.3.

1.2.1.1.1.4.   Type-II test

The laden vehicle must be tested in such a manner that the energy input is equivalent to that recorded in the same period of time with the laden vehicle driven at an average speed of 30 km/h on a 2,5 per cent down-gradient for a distance of 6 km with the gear disengaged, the braking energy being taken by the service brakes alone.

1.2.1.1.2.   Secondary braking system

1.2.1.1.2.1.   Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden (this test may be omitted if covered by tests according to paragraph 1.2.2 of this Annex).

1.2.1.1.3.   Parking braking system

(Only applicable if the brakes for which lining approval is sought are used for parking.)

1.2.1.1.3.1.   Downhill test at 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden

1.2.1.2.   The vehicle must satisfy all relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2 for that category of vehicle.

1.2.2.   Additional requirements (split axle test)

For the tests mentioned below the vehicle shall be fully laden and all brake applications made with engine disconnected, on a level road.

The vehicle service brake control system shall be equipped with a means of isolating front and rear axle brakes so that either may be used independently of the other.

Where brake lining assembly approval or drum brake lining approval is required for front axle brakes the rear axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

Where brake lining assembly approval or drum brake lining approval is required for rear axle brakes the front axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

1.2.2.1.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining and the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining shall be made by comparing the results of testing to the following method.

1.2.2.1.1.   Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of pedal force or line pressure up to wheel lock or, alternatively, up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 3,5 m/s2 or up to the maximum allowed pedal force or up to the maximum line pressure from an initial speed of 45 km/h and with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application.

1.2.2.1.2.   Note and plot pedal force or line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and determine the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve (if possible) a mean fully developed deceleration of 3 m/s2. If this value cannot be achieved determine alternatively the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve maximum deceleration.

1.2.2.1.3.   The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining.

1.2.2.2.   Speed sensitivity test

1.2.2.2.1.   Using the pedal force derived from paragraph 1.2.2.1.2 of this Annex and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:

| | 40 km/h down to 20 km/h, |
| --- | --- |

40 km/h down to 20 km/h,

| | 60 km/h down to 40 km/h, and |
| --- | --- |

60 km/h down to 40 km/h, and

| | 80 km/h down to 60 km/h (if vmax ≥ 90 km/h). |
| --- | --- |

80 km/h down to 60 km/h (if vmax ≥ 90 km/h).

1.2.2.2.2.   Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully developed deceleration.

1.2.2.2.3.   Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 25 per cent of that recorded for the lowest speed.

2.   Inertia dynamometer test

2.1.   Test equipment

For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The dynamometer shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in the brake line, number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.

2.1.1.   Test conditions

2.1.1.1.   The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the axle portion of 0,55 of the maximum vehicle mass and the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).

2.1.1.2.   The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in the paragraphs below and shall be based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest and smallest tyres authorised for that vehicle type(s).

2.1.1.3.   Brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings submitted for the test shall be fitted to the brake and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

2.1.1.4.   If cooling air is used, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be:

vair = 0,33v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

2.1.1.5.   The actuation cylinder fitted to the brake must be of the smallest size that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).

2.2.   Tests and requirements

2.2.1.   Tests derived from Regulation No 13

2.2.1.1.   Type-0 test

From the initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure up to the line pressure that is permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle type(s) (e.g. cut in pressure of the compressor). A mean fully developed deceleration of at least 5 m/s2 must be achieved.

2.2.1.2.   Type-0 test, high speed performance

Make three brake applications with a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application from a speed of 100 km/h where approval is directed to vehicles of category N2 and 90 km/h where approval is directed to vehicles of categories M3 and N3 using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1. The mean value of the achieved mean fully developed decelerations of the three applications must be at least 4 m/s2.

2.2.1.3.   Type-I test

2.2.1.3.1.   Heating procedure

Make 20 consecutive snub applications with v1 = 60 km/h and v2 = 30 km/h with a cycle time of 60 s starting at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the first application. The line pressure shall correspond to a deceleration of 3 m/s2 at the first application and must remain constant throughout the succeeding applications.

2.2.1.3.2.   Hot performance

On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of paragraph 2.2.1.1 above using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 (the temperature conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not be less than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake or 4 m/s2.

2.2.1.3.3.   Recovery

Starting 120 s after the hot performance brake application, make five full stops with the line pressure used in paragraph 2.2.1.3.1 above and with intervals of at least two minutes from the initial speed of 60 km/h. At the beginning of the fifth application the brake temperature shall be ≤ 100 °C and the mean fully developed deceleration achieved shall be within 10 per cent of that calculated from the relation line pressure/deceleration of the Type-0 test at 60 km/h.

2.2.1.4.   Type-II test

2.2.1.4.1.   Heating procedure

The brakes shall be heated by constant braking torque corresponding to a deceleration of 0,15 m/s2 at a constant speed of 30 km/h during a period of 12 minutes.

2.2.1.4.2.   Hot performance

On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of paragraph 2.2.1.1 above using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 (the temperature conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not be less than 3,75 m/s2.

2.2.1.5.   Static test for parking performance

2.2.1.5.1.   For the whole range of applications determine the worst case regarding input force to the brake, maximum vehicle mass to be braked by one axle, and tyre radius.

2.2.1.5.2.   Apply the brake with the input force as determined under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1 above.

2.2.1.5.3.   Put a slowly increasing torque on the dynamometer shaft in order to turn the drum or disc. Measure the output torque at the brake in the moment the dynamometer shaft begins to move and calculate corresponding axle braking force using the tyre radius as determined under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1.

2.2.1.5.4.   The brake force measured under paragraph 2.2.1.5.3 divided by one half of the vehicle mass as determined under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1 must give at least a quotient of 0,18.

2.2.2.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining and the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining shall be made by comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.2.1.1.

2.2.2.1.   The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 2.2.1.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining.

2.2.2.2.   The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining.

2.2.3.   Speed sensitivity test

2.2.3.1.   Using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:

| | 60 km/h down to 30 km/h, |
| --- | --- |

60 km/h down to 30 km/h,

| | 80 km/h down to 60 km/h, and |
| --- | --- |

80 km/h down to 60 km/h, and

| | 110 km/h down to 80 km/h (if vmax ≥ 90 km/h). |
| --- | --- |

110 km/h down to 80 km/h (if vmax ≥ 90 km/h).

2.2.3.2.   Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully developed deceleration.

2.2.3.3.   Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 25 per cent of that recorded for the lowest speed.

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ANNEX 5

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES O1 AND O2

1.   General

The test method described in this Annex is based on an inertia dynamometer test. Alternatively the tests may be carried out on a test vehicle or on a rolling road test bench provided that the same test conditions are achieved and the same parameters measured as in the inertia dynamometer test.

2.   Test equipment

For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The dynamometer shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in the brake line or actuation force, number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.

2.1.   Test conditions

2.1.1.   The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the relevant axle portion of the maximum vehicle mass and the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).

2.1.2.   The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in paragraph 3.1 of this Annex and shall be based on the dynamic rolling radius of the smallest tyre that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).

2.1.3.   Brake linings submitted for the test shall be fitted to the relevant brake and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

2.1.4.   If cooling air is used, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be:

vair = 0,33v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

2.1.5.   The actuation device fitted to the brake must correspond to the vehicle installation.

3.   Tests and requirements

3.1.   Type-0 test

From the initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make a minimum of six consecutive brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure or application force up to the maximum line pressure or up to 6 m/s2 deceleration. Repeat the last brake application using an initial speed of 40 km/h.

3.2.   Type-I test

3.2.1.   Heating procedure

The brake shall be heated with continuous braking according to the requirement of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.2 starting with a brake rotor temperature ≤ 100 °C.

3.2.2.   Hot performance

On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance from an initial speed of 40 km/h shall be measured under the conditions of paragraph 3.2.1 above using the same line pressure or application force (the temperature conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not be less than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake or 3,5 m/s2.

3.3.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining assembly shall be made by comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 3.1.

3.3.1.   The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 3.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake lining assembly.

3.3.2.   The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure or application force in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly.

---

ANNEX 6

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES AND DRUM BRAKE LININGS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES O3 AND O4

1.   Test conditions

The tests prescribed in this Annex may be carried out alternatively on a test vehicle or on an inertia dynamometer or on a rolling road test bench under the same conditions as mentioned in Regulation 13, Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraphs 3.1 to 3.4.

Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

2.   Tests and requirements

2.1.   Conformance with Regulation No 13, Annex 11

The brakes shall be tested according to the requirements of Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph 3.5.

| 2.1.1. | The results shall be reported in a form according to Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 3. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.1.

| 2.1.2. | A comparison shall be made between these results and those obtained with the original brake lining assemblies or the original drum brake linings under the same conditions. |
| --- | --- |

2.1.2.

| 2.1.3. | The achieved hot performance at the same input torque of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining in the Type-I test or in the Type-III test (whichever is applicable) must be:






  (a) | equal to or higher than the hot performance of the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining; or |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.3.

(a)

equal to or higher than the hot performance of the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining; or

| (b) | at least 90 per cent of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

at least 90 per cent of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining.

The corresponding stroke of the actuator must not be ≥ 110 per cent of the value achieved with the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining and must not exceed the value sp as defined in Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph 2 to Regulation No 13. In the case where the original brake lining assembly or drum brake lining has been tested against the Type-II test requirements, the minimum requirements of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.7.2 (Type-III test) are applicable for the replacement brake lining assembly or drum brake lining.

2.2.   Cold performance equivalence test (Type-0)

| 2.2.1. | Under the conditions of paragraph 1 of this Annex and from an initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C make six brake applications at spaced intervals of control force or line pressure up to 6,5 bar or an achieved deceleration of 6 m/s2. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.1.

| 2.2.2. | Note and plot control force or line pressure and mean brake torque or mean fully developed deceleration for each application. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.2.

| 2.2.3. | Compare the results with those obtained with the original brake lining assemblies or the original drum brake linings under the same test conditions. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.

| 2.2.4. | The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same input force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within – 5 per cent and + 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining. |
| --- | --- |

2.2.4.

---

ANNEX 7

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY L

1.   Test conditions

1.1.   A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is required shall be equipped with the brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation No 78.

1.2.   Brake lining assemblies submitted for the test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer’s instructions in agreement with the technical service.

1.3.   In the case of brake lining assemblies for vehicles with a combined braking system in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78 the combination(s) of brake lining assemblies for the front and the rear axle to which the approval shall be directed must be tested.

The combination may consist of replacement brake lining assemblies for both axles and/or a replacement brake lining assembly on one and an original brake lining assembly on the other axle.

2.   Tests and requirements

2.1.   Conformance with Regulation No 78

2.1.1.   The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in question (L1, L2, L3, L4 or L5) in Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 1. The applicable requirements or tests are:

2.1.1.1.   Type-0 test with engine disconnected

The test is to be carried out only in the laden condition. Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of control force or line pressure up to wheel lock, or up to a deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the maximum allowed control force.

2.1.1.2.   Type-0 test with engine connected

Only applicable for vehicles of categories L3, L4 and L5

2.1.1.3.   Type-0 test with wet brakes

Not applicable to vehicles of category L5 or in cases of drum brakes or fully enclosed disc brakes not subjected to this test during approval to Regulation No 78.

2.1.1.4.   Type-I test

Only applicable for vehicles of categories L3, L4 and L5.

2.1.2.   The vehicle must satisfy all the relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 2 for that category of vehicles.

2.2.   Additional requirements

2.2.1.   Cold performance equivalence test

A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining assembly shall be made by comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.1.1.1.

2.2.1.1.   The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 2.1.1.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake lining assembly.

2.2.1.2.   The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly.

2.2.2.   Speed sensitivity test

This test is only applicable for vehicles of categories L3, L4 and L5 and shall be carried out with the laden vehicle under the conditions of the Type-0 test with engine disconnected. However, the test speeds are different.

2.2.2.1.   From the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.1.1.1 determine the control force or line pressure corresponding to the minimum required mean fully developed deceleration for that category of vehicle.

2.2.2.2.   Using the control force or line pressure determined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:

40 km/h, 80 km/h and 120 km/h (if vmax ≥ 130 km/h).

2.2.2.3.   Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully developed deceleration.

2.2.2.4.   Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded for the lowest speed.

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ANNEX 8

Technical prescriptions for replacement brake lining assemblies intended for the use in separate parking brake systems being independent of the vehicle service brake system

1.   Compliance with Regulation No 13 or 13-H

Compliance with the requirements of Regulation No 13 or 13-H shall be demonstrated in a vehicle test.

1.1.   Vehicle test

A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is required shall be equipped with the replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation No 13 or Regulation No 13-H whichever is appropriate. The vehicle shall be fully laden. Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, shall not be burnished.

1.2.   The parking braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to all relevant requirements in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.3, whichever is appropriate taking into consideration the original approval of the system.

---

ANNEX 9

SPECIAL ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES FOR CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

PART A

Determination of friction behaviour by machine testing

1.   Introduction

Part A applies to replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings approved to this Regulation.

1.1.   Samples of a replacement brake lining assembly type shall be tested on a machine capable of generating the test conditions and applying the test procedures described in this Annex.

1.2.   Test results shall be evaluated to determine sample friction behaviour.

1.3.   The friction behaviour of samples shall be compared to assess conformity with the standard registered for a replacement brake lining assembly type.

2.   Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1, O1, O2, and L

2.1.   Equipment

2.1.1.   The machine shall be designed to accept and operate a full size brake similar to those fitted to the vehicle axle used for approval testing to paragraph 5 of this Regulation.

2.1.2.   The disc or drum rotational speed shall be 660 ± 10 1/min (1) without load and shall not fall below 600 1/min on full load.

2.1.3.   The test cycles and brake applications during the cycles to be adjustable and automatic.

2.1.4.   Output torque or brake pressure (constant torque method) and working surface temperature shall be recorded.

2.1.5.   Provisions shall be made to direct cooling air across the brake at a rate of 600 ± 60 m3/h.

2.2.   Test procedure

2.2.1.   Sample preparation

The manufacturer’s bedding schedule shall ensure a minimum of 80 per cent surface contact area for pad assemblies without exceeding a surface temperature of 300 °C and 70 per cent surface contact area for the leading shoe assemblies without exceeding a surface temperature of 200 °C.

2.2.2.   Test schedule

The test schedule comprises a number of consecutive braking cycles each containing X braking intervals of five seconds brake applied followed by 10 seconds brake released.

The following two methods may be used alternatively.

2.2.2.1.   Test schedule with constant pressure

2.2.2.1.1.   Pad assemblies

The hydraulic pressure p under the piston(s) of the calliper shall be constant following the formula:

Formula

| Md | = | 150 Nm for Ak ≤ 18,1 cm2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Md | = | 300 Nm for Ak > 18,1 cm2 |
| Ak | = | area of calliper piston(s) |
| rw | = | effective radius of disc |

Md

=

150 Nm for Ak ≤ 18,1 cm2

Md

=

300 Nm for Ak > 18,1 cm2

Ak

=

area of calliper piston(s)

rw

=

effective radius of disc

| No of cycle | Number of brake applications X | Initial brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Maximum brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Forced cooling |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 × 10 | ≤ 60 | open | no |
| 2-6 | 5 × 10 | 100 | open (350) (2) | no |
| 7 | 1 × 10 | 100 | open | yes |

No of cycle

Number of brake applications X

Initial brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Maximum brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Forced cooling

1

1 × 10

≤ 60

open

no

2-6

5 × 10

100

open (350) (2)

no

7

1 × 10

100

open

yes

2.2.2.1.2.   Shoe assemblies

The mean contact pressure at the brake lining working surface shall be constant at 22 ± 6 N/cm2 calculated for a static brake without self-energising.

| No of cycle | Number of brake applications X | Initial brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Maximum brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Forced cooling |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 × 10 | ≤ 60 | 200 | yes |
| 2 | 1 × 10 | 100 | open | no |
| 3 | 1 × 10 | 100 | 200 | yes |
| 4 | 1 × 10 | 100 | open | no |

No of cycle

Number of brake applications X

Initial brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Maximum brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Forced cooling

1

1 × 10

≤ 60

200

yes

2

1 × 10

100

open

no

3

1 × 10

100

200

yes

4

1 × 10

100

open

no

2.2.2.2.   Test schedule with constant torque

This method applies only for pad assemblies. The brake torque shall be constant within a tolerance of ± 5 per cent and adjusted to guarantee the maximum brake rotor temperatures given in the table below.

| No of cycle | Number of brake applications X | Initial brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Maximum brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Forced cooling |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 × 5 | ≤ 60 | 300-350 (200-250) (3) | no |
| 2-4 | 3 × 5 | 100 | 300-350 (200-250) | no |
| 5 | 1 × 10 | 100 | 500-600 (300-350) | no |
| 6-9 | 4 × 5 | 100 | 300-350 (200-250) | no |
| 10 | 1 × 10 | 100 | 500-600 (300-350) | no |
| 11-13 | 3 × 5 | 100 | 300-350 (200-250) | no |
| 14 | 1 × 5 | ≤ 60 | 300-350 (200-250) | no |

No of cycle

Number of brake applications X

Initial brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Maximum brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Forced cooling

1

1 × 5

≤ 60

300-350 (200-250) (3)

no

2-4

3 × 5

100

300-350 (200-250)

no

5

1 × 10

100

500-600 (300-350)

no

6-9

4 × 5

100

300-350 (200-250)

no

10

1 × 10

100

500-600 (300-350)

no

11-13

3 × 5

100

300-350 (200-250)

no

14

1 × 5

≤ 60

300-350 (200-250)

no

2.3.   Evaluation of test results

Friction behaviour is determined from the brake torque noted at selected points in a test schedule. Where brake factor is constant, e.g. a disc brake, brake torque may be translated to coefficient of friction.

2.3.1.   Pad assemblies

2.3.1.1.   The operational coefficient of friction (μop) is the mean of the values recorded during cycles two to seven (constant pressure method) or during cycles 2-4, 6-9 and 11-13 (constant torque method); measurement being made one second after commencing the first brake application of each cycle.

2.3.1.2.   The maximum coefficient of friction (μmax) is the highest value recorded during all cycles.

2.3.1.3.   The minimum coefficient of friction (μmin) is the lowest value recorded during all cycles.

2.3.2.   Shoe assemblies

2.3.2.1.   The mean torque (Mmean) is the average of the maximum and minimum values of brake torque recorded during the fifth brake application of cycles 1 and 3.

2.3.2.2.   The hot torque (Mhot) is the minimum brake torque developed during cycles 2 and 4. If the temperature exceeds 300 °C during these cycles the value at 300 °C is to be taken as Mhot.

2.4.   Acceptance criteria

2.4.1.   With each application for approval of a brake lining assembly type there shall be submitted:

| 2.4.1.1. | For pad assemblies, values for μop, μmin, μmax. |
| --- | --- |

2.4.1.1.

For pad assemblies, values for μop, μmin, μmax.

| 2.4.1.2. | For shoe assemblies, values for Mmean and Mhot. |
| --- | --- |

2.4.1.2.

For shoe assemblies, values for Mmean and Mhot.

2.4.2.   During production of an approved brake lining assembly type, test samples must demonstrate compliance with the values registered under paragraph 2.4.1 of this Annex with the following tolerances:

| 2.4.2.1. | For disc brake pads: | μop ± 15 per cent of registered value; |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.4.2.1.

For disc brake pads:

μop ± 15 per cent of registered value;

| | μmin ≥ registered value; |
| --- | --- |

μmin ≥ registered value;

| | μmax ≤ registered value. |
| --- | --- |

μmax ≤ registered value.

| 2.4.2.2. | For simplex drum brake linings: | Mmean ± 20 per cent of registered value; |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.4.2.2.

For simplex drum brake linings:

Mmean ± 20 per cent of registered value;

| | Mhot ≥ registered value. |
| --- | --- |

Mhot ≥ registered value.

3.   Brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3, O3, and O4

3.1.   Equipment

3.1.1.   The machine shall be equipped with a disc brake of the fixed calliper type with a cylinder diameter of 60 mm and a solid (not ventilated) disc having a diameter of 278 ± 2 mm and a thickness of 12 mm ± 0,5 mm. A rectangular piece of the friction material with an area of 44 cm2 ± 0,5 cm2 and a thickness of at least 6 mm shall be attached to the backing plate.

3.1.2.   The disc rotational speed shall be 660 ± 10 1/min without load and shall not fall below 600 1/min on full load.

3.1.3.   The mean contact pressure at the brake lining working surface shall be constant at 75 N/cm2 ± 10 N/cm2.

3.1.4.   The test cycles and brake applications during the cycles to be adjustable and automatic.

3.1.5.   Output torque and working surface temperature shall be recorded.

3.1.6.   Provisions shall be made to direct cooling air across the brake at a rate of 600 ± 60 m3/h.

3.2.   Test procedure

3.2.1.   Sample preparation

The manufacturer’s bedding procedure shall ensure a minimum of 80 per cent surface contact area without exceeding a surface temperature of 200 °C.

3.2.2.   Test schedule

The test procedure comprises a number of consecutive braking cycles each containing a number of X braking intervals of five seconds brake applied followed by 10 seconds brake released.

| No of cycle | Number of brake applications X | Initial brake rotor temperature
  (°C) | Forced cooling |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | 100 | yes |
| 2 | 5 | increasing ≤ 200 | no |
| 3 | 5 | 200 | no |
| 4 | 5 | increasing ≤ 300 | no |
| 5 | 5 | 300 | no |
| 6 | 3 | 250 | yes |
| 7 | 3 | 200 | yes |
| 8 | 3 | 150 | yes |
| 9 | 10 | 100 | yes |
| 10 | 5 | increasing ≤ 300 | no |
| 11 | 5 | 300 | no |

No of cycle

Number of brake applications X

Initial brake rotor temperature

(°C)

Forced cooling

1

5

100

yes

2

5

increasing ≤ 200

no

3

5

200

no

4

5

increasing ≤ 300

no

5

5

300

no

6

3

250

yes

7

3

200

yes

8

3

150

yes

9

10

100

yes

10

5

increasing ≤ 300

no

11

5

300

no

3.3.   Evaluation of test results

Friction behaviour is determined from the brake torque noted in selected cycles of the test schedule. Brake torque shall be translated to coefficient of friction μ.

The μ-value of each brake application shall be determined as the mean value of the 5 seconds brake applied.

3.3.1.   The operational coefficient of friction μop1 is the mean value of μ recorded for the brake applications in cycles 1 and μop2 is the mean value of μ recorded for the brake applications in cycle 9.

3.3.2.   The maximum coefficient of friction μmax is the highest value of μ recorded in an application during cycles 1 to 11 inclusive.

3.3.3.   The minimum coefficient of friction μmin is the lowest value of μ recorded in an application during cycles 1 to 11 inclusive.

3.4.   Acceptance criteria

3.4.1.   With each application for approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type or a replacement drum brake lining type, there shall be submitted values for μop1, μop2, μmin and μmax.

3.4.2.   During production of an approved replacement brake lining assembly type or replacement drum brake lining type, test samples must demonstrate compliance with the values registered under paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex within the following tolerances:

| | μop1, μop2 ± 15 per cent of the registered value; |
| --- | --- |

μop1, μop2 ± 15 per cent of the registered value;

| | μmin ≥ registered value; |
| --- | --- |

μmin ≥ registered value;

| | μmax ≤ registered value. |
| --- | --- |

μmax ≤ registered value.

PART B

Conformity of production for brake discs and drums

1.   Introduction

Part B applies to replacement brake discs and drums approved to this Regulation.

2.   Requirements

Conformity of production is to be demonstrated through the routine control and documentation of at least the following:

2.1.   Chemical composition

2.2.   Microstructure

The microstructure must be characterised in accordance with ISO 945-1:2006

| (a) | description of the composition of the matrix; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

description of the composition of the matrix;

| (b) | description of the graphite shape, distribution and size. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

description of the graphite shape, distribution and size.

2.3.   Mechanical properties

| (a) | tensile strength measured in accordance with ISO 6892:1998; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

tensile strength measured in accordance with ISO 6892:1998;

| (b) | Brinell hardness measured in accordance with ISO 6506-1:2005. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

Brinell hardness measured in accordance with ISO 6506-1:2005.

In each case the measurements must be made on samples taken from the actual brake disc or drum.

2.4.   Geometric features

Brake discs:

| (a) | thickness variation; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

thickness variation;

| (b) | friction surface run out; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

friction surface run out;

| (c) | friction surface roughness; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

friction surface roughness;

| (d) | cheek thickness variation (for ventilated brake discs). |
| --- | --- |

(d)

cheek thickness variation (for ventilated brake discs).

Brake drums:

| (a) | ovality; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

ovality;

| (b) | friction surface roughness. |
| --- | --- |

(b)

friction surface roughness.

2.5.   Acceptance criteria

With each application for approval of a replacement brake disc or drum there shall be submitted a production specification covering:

| (a) | chemical composition and its permitted range, or where appropriate, maximum value, for each element; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

chemical composition and its permitted range, or where appropriate, maximum value, for each element;

| (b) | microstructure as per paragraph 2.2; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

microstructure as per paragraph 2.2;

| (c) | mechanical properties as per paragraph 2.3 and their permitted range, or where appropriate, minimum value. |
| --- | --- |

(c)

mechanical properties as per paragraph 2.3 and their permitted range, or where appropriate, minimum value.

During routine production of an approved replacement brake disc or drum production must demonstrate compliance with these registered specifications.

In the case of geometric features the values prescribed in paragraph 5.3.3.1.1 for brake discs and paragraph 5.3.3.1.2 for brake drums must not be exceeded.

2.6.   Documentation

The documentation shall contain the manufacturer’s maximum and minimum permitted values.

2.7.   Test frequency

The measurements prescribed in this Annex should be carried out for each production batch.

---

(1)  In the case of vehicles of categories L1 and L2, a lower test speed may be used.

(2)  In the case of vehicles of category L, the temperature shall be limited to 350 °C. If necessary, the number of applications per cycle must be reduced accordingly. However, in this case, the number of cycles shall be increased to keep the total number of applications constant.

(3)  Values in brackets for vehicles of category L.

---

ANNEX 10

ILLUSTRATIONS

1.   Brake disc design types (examples)

Flat type

Image 21

Cylinder type

Image 22

Pot type

Image 23

Conical type

Image 24

Double flange type

Image 25

| B | Diameter of mounting bolt holes (or thread size in case of threaded holes) |
| --- | --- |
| D | External diameter of disc |
| F(i) | Inner diameter of friction surface (inboard) |
| F(o) | Inner diameter of friction surface (outboard) |
| H | Mounting flange thickness |
| L(k) | Width of cooling (ventilating) channel |
| S(new) | Disc thickness (nominal) |
| S(min) | Disc thickness (minimal permissible wear thickness) |
| T(i) | Internal diameter (mounting spigot diameter) |
| T(k) | ‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter |
| T(t) | Overall length of disc |

B

Diameter of mounting bolt holes (or thread size in case of threaded holes)

D

External diameter of disc

F(i)

Inner diameter of friction surface (inboard)

F(o)

Inner diameter of friction surface (outboard)

H

Mounting flange thickness

L(k)

Width of cooling (ventilating) channel

S(new)

Disc thickness (nominal)

S(min)

Disc thickness (minimal permissible wear thickness)

T(i)

Internal diameter (mounting spigot diameter)

T(k)

‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter

T(t)

Overall length of disc

2.   Brake drum (example)

Image 26

| A | Inside diameter of the drum |
| --- | --- |
| B | Friction surface width |
| C | ‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter |
| D | Mounting spigot diameter |
| E | Outside drum width |
| F | Mounting flange thickness |
| G | Outside diameter of the drum |
| H | Casing diameter |
| I | Diameter of the mounting bolt holes |

A

Inside diameter of the drum

B

Friction surface width

C

‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter

D

Mounting spigot diameter

E

Outside drum width

F

Mounting flange thickness

G

Outside diameter of the drum

H

Casing diameter

I

Diameter of the mounting bolt holes

---

ANNEX 11

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISCS OR BRAKE DRUMS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M AND N

1.   Test overview

The tests required in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation are detailed as follows according to the vehicle category:

Table A11/1A

Vehicles of categories M1, N1

| | Vehicle test | Alternative dynamometer test |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Performance tests according to Regulations Nos 13/13-H | 2.2.1. | Type-0, engine disconnected |

Vehicle test

Alternative dynamometer test

Performance tests according to Regulations Nos 13/13-H

2.2.1.

Type-0, engine disconnected

| 3.4.1. | Type-0, |
| --- | --- |

3.4.1.

Type-0,

| 2.2.2. | Type-0, engine connected |
| --- | --- |

2.2.2.

Type-0, engine connected

| 3.4.4. | Brake tests simulation engine connected
  Speed and load analogue to item 2.2.2 |
| --- | --- |

3.4.4.

Brake tests simulation engine connected

Speed and load analogue to item 2.2.2

| 2.2.3. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.

Type-I

| 3.4.2. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

3.4.2.

Type-I

| 2.3. | Parking braking system (if applicable) |
| --- | --- |

2.3.

Parking braking system (if applicable)

—

Comparison test with original part

| 2.4. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

2.4.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

| 3.5. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake) |
| --- | --- |

3.5.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)

Integrity tests

No vehicle test — use dynamometer test

4.1.   Brake discs

| 4.1.1. | Brake disc thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |

4.1.1.

Brake disc thermal fatigue test

| 4.1.2. | Brake disc high load test |
| --- | --- |

4.1.2.

Brake disc high load test

4.2.   Brake drums

| 4.2.1. | Brake drum thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |

4.2.1.

Brake drum thermal fatigue test

| 4.2.2. | Brake drum high load test |
| --- | --- |

4.2.2.

Brake drum high load test

For each disc and drum type at least one test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this Regulation) requires the Type-0 and Type-I tests to be carried out on a vehicle.

Table A11/1B

Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3

| | Vehicle test | Alternative dynamometer test |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Performance tests according to Regulation No 13 | 2.2.1. | Type-0, engine disconnected |

Vehicle test

Alternative dynamometer test

Performance tests according to Regulation No 13

2.2.1.

Type-0, engine disconnected

| 3.4.1. | Type-0 |
| --- | --- |

3.4.1.

Type-0

| 2.2.3. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.

Type-I

| 3.4.2. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

3.4.2.

Type-I

| 2.2.4. | Type-II |
| --- | --- |

2.2.4.

Type-II

| 3.4.3. | Type-II |
| --- | --- |

3.4.3.

Type-II

| 2.3. | Parking braking system (if required) |
| --- | --- |

2.3.

Parking braking system (if required)

—

Comparison test with original part

| 2.4. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

2.4.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

| 3.5. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake) |
| --- | --- |

3.5.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)

Integrity tests

No vehicle test — use dynamometer test

4.1.   Brake discs

| 4.1.1. | Thermal fatigue |
| --- | --- |

4.1.1.

Thermal fatigue

| 4.1.2. | High load test |
| --- | --- |

4.1.2.

High load test

4.2.   Brake drums

| 4.2.1. | Thermal fatigue |
| --- | --- |

4.2.1.

Thermal fatigue

| 4.2.2. | High load test |
| --- | --- |

4.2.2.

High load test

2.   Verification of the vehicle test requirements

2.1.   Test vehicle

A vehicle that is representative for the selected test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this Regulation) in respect of which an approval or parts report for a replacement brake disc/drum is applied for shall be fitted with this replacement brake disc/drum as well as be equipped with test devices for testing the brakes pursuant to the provisions of Regulation No 13 or 13-H.

The replacement brake disc/drum shall be fitted to the axle in question together with an accompanying brake lining which has been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 available from the vehicle or axle manufacturer.

Unless a uniform procedure is laid down for how braking is to be effected, the test shall be carried out following agreement with the technical service. All the tests listed below shall be carried out on brakes that have been bedded in.

The same ‘bedding-in’ programme shall be used for both replacement and original brake discs and drums.

2.2.   Service braking system

2.2.1.   Type-0 brake tests, engine disconnected, vehicle laden

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.2.

2.2.2.   Type-0 brake tests, engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.3 (supplementary test, how the vehicle behaves when braking from high speed) or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.3.

2.2.3.   Type-I brake tests

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.1 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.1.

At the end of the Type-I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.2.

2.2.4.   Type-II brake tests

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.6.

2.3.   Parking braking system (if required)

2.3.1.   If the service brake system and the parking brake system use a common disc or drum friction surface, it is not necessary to conduct a specific parking brake system test. The satisfactory achievement of the Type-0 laden test shall be taken as meeting the parking brake system requirements.

2.3.2.   Static test with 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden

2.3.3.   The vehicle shall satisfy all the relevant provisions laid down in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.3 that apply to this category of vehicle.

2.4.   Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

For this test, the vehicle shall be laden and all brake applications carried out on a flat road with the engine disconnected.

The service braking system of the vehicle shall be provided with a device that separates the front-wheel brakes from the rear-wheel brakes so that they can always be operated independently of one another.

If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the front-wheel brakes, the rear-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the rear-wheel brakes, the front-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

2.4.1.   Performance comparison test when the brakes are cold

With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.

2.4.1.1.   Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to the point at which the wheels lock, or up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 (M1, M2, N1) or 3,5 m/s2 (M3, N2, N3) or up to the maximum control force or line pressure permitted for this category of vehicle, in which connection the initial speed for the testing of front or rear axle brake discs and drums is as per the table below:

Table A11/2.4.1.1

| Vehicle category | Test speed in km/h |
| --- | --- |
| Front axle | Rear axle |
| M1 | 70 | 45 |
| M2 | 50 | 40 |
| N1 | 65 | 50 |
| M3, N2, N3 | 45 | 45 |

Vehicle category

Test speed in km/h

Front axle

Rear axle

M1

70

45

M2

50

40

N1

65

50

M3, N2, N3

45

45

Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake disc/drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.

2.4.1.2.   The brake test described in paragraph 2.4.1.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.

2.4.1.3.   The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper two thirds of the curve generated do not deviate by either ± 10 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.

3.   Inertia dynamometer test

3.1.   Equipping the dynamometer

For testing purposes, the dynamometer shall be fitted out with the original brake calliper or wheel brake of the vehicle(s) concerned. The inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with a constant torque device and equipment for recording rotational speed, brake pressure, the number of revolutions after braking has commenced, brake torque, the braking period and the temperature of the brake discs/drums on a continuous basis.

3.2.   Test conditions

3.2.1.   Inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be set as close as possible, with a permissible variation of ± 5 per cent, to the theoretically required value which corresponds to that part of the total inertia of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel. The formula used for calculation purposes is as follows:

I = m · rdyn
  2

where:

| I | = | rotary inertia (kgm2); |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rdyn | = | dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m); |
| m | = | test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as stipulated by this Regulation. |

I

=

rotary inertia (kgm2);

rdyn

=

dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m);

m

=

test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as stipulated by this Regulation.

3.2.1.1.   Dynamic rolling radius

In calculating the inertia mass, the dynamic rolling radius (rdyn) of the largest tyre authorised for the vehicle (or the axle) shall be taken into account.

3.2.1.2.   Test mass

The test mass for calculating the inertia mass shall be as follows:

| (a) | when testing front axle brake discs and drums: | mveh | = | maximum permitted mass of the vehicle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| nfront | = | number of front axles |

(a)

when testing front axle brake discs and drums:

Formula

mveh

=

maximum permitted mass of the vehicle

nfront

=

number of front axles

| (b) | when testing rear axle brake discs and drums: | mveh | = | maximum permitted mass of the vehicle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| nrear | = | number of rear axles |

(b)

when testing rear axle brake discs and drums:

Formula

mveh

=

maximum permitted mass of the vehicle

nrear

=

number of rear axles

Table A11/3.2.1.2

| Vehicle category | Percentage by mass m to be taken into account |
| --- | --- |
| X values (front axle) | Y values (rear axle) |
| M1 | 77 | 32 |
| M2 | 69 | 44 |
| N1 | 66 | 39 |
| M3, N2, N3 | 55 | 55 |

Vehicle category

Percentage by mass m to be taken into account

X values (front axle)

Y values (rear axle)

M1

77

32

M2

69

44

N1

66

39

M3, N2, N3

55

55

3.2.2.   The initial rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear speed of the vehicle at 80 km/h (M1, N1) or 60 km/h (M2, M3, N2, N3) based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest and smallest tyre of the authorised tyre sizes.

3.2.3.   Cooling

The cooling may be carried out either to paragraph 3.2.3.1 or 3.2.3.2.

3.2.3.1.   Test carried out with a complete wheel (rim and tyre), mounted on the moving part of the brake, as it would be on the vehicle (worst case).

With respect to the Type-I and Type-II tests air cooling at a velocity and air flow direction simulating actual conditions may be used during the heating runs, the speed of the air flow being vair = 0,33v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.

3.2.3.2.   Test carried out without a rim

With respect to the Type-I and Type-II tests during the heating runs no cooling is allowed.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

3.2.4.   Preparation of the brake

3.2.4.1.   Disc brakes

The test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).

3.2.4.2.   Drum brakes

The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).

Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.

3.3.   Alternative dynamometer performance test

Table A11/3.3

| 1a. | In the case of vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1

  See bedding-in (burnishing) procedure as described in Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3 |
| --- | --- |
| 1b. | In the case of vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3

  Bedding-in (burnishing):
  100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications
  Ti = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
  vi = 60 km/h
  dm = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating |
| 2. | Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex |
| 3. | Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex |
| 4. | Brake test Type-I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this Annex |
| 5. | Re-burnishing:
  10 (disc) or 20 (drum) brake applications
  Ti = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
  vi = 60 km/h,
  dm = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating |
| 6. | Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex |
| 7. | Brake tests simulation engine connected, see paragraph 3.4.4 of this Annex |
| 8. | Re-burnishing: (like item 5) |
| 9. | Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex |
| 10. | Brake test Type-II (if applicable), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this Annex |
| 11. | Re-burnishing: (like item 5)
  Steps 12 to 19 are optional (if activation is not sufficient) |
| 12. | Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex |
| 13. | Brake test Type-I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this Annex |
| 14. | Re-burnishing: (like item 5) |
| 15. | Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex |
| 16. | Brake tests simulation engine connected, see paragraph 3.4.4 of this Annex |
| 17. | Re-burnishing: (like item 5) |
| 18. | Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex |
| 19. | Re-burnishing: (like item 5) |

1a.

In the case of vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1

See bedding-in (burnishing) procedure as described in Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3

1b.

In the case of vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3

Bedding-in (burnishing):

100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications

Ti = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)

vi = 60 km/h

dm = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating

2.

Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex

3.

Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex

4.

Brake test Type-I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this Annex

5.

Re-burnishing:

10 (disc) or 20 (drum) brake applications

Ti = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)

vi = 60 km/h,

dm = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating

6.

Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex

7.

Brake tests simulation engine connected, see paragraph 3.4.4 of this Annex

8.

Re-burnishing: (like item 5)

9.

Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex

10.

Brake test Type-II (if applicable), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this Annex

11.

Re-burnishing: (like item 5)

Steps 12 to 19 are optional (if activation is not sufficient)

12.

Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex

13.

Brake test Type-I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this Annex

14.

Re-burnishing: (like item 5)

15.

Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex

16.

Brake tests simulation engine connected, see paragraph 3.4.4 of this Annex

17.

Re-burnishing: (like item 5)

18.

Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex

19.

Re-burnishing: (like item 5)

3.4.   Service braking system

3.4.1.   Brake tests Type-0, vehicle laden

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.2.

3.4.2.   Brake tests Type-I

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.1 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.1.

At the end of the Type-I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.2.

3.4.3.   Brake tests Type-II

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.6.

3.4.4.   Brake tests simulation engine connected

Instead of the Type-0 test with engine connected, for the purpose of this Regulation it is acceptable to carry out a test to simulating for the laden condition (see paragraph 3.2 of this Annex) the test conditions which are prescribed for the Type-0 test with engine connected in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.1.1 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.1.1.

3.5.   Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)

With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.

3.5.1.   Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 (M1, M2, N1) or 5 m/s2 (M3, N2, N3). The control forces or line pressure have not to exceed the maximum allowed control forces or line pressure that is permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle (e. g. cut in pressure of the compressor). Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake disc/drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.

3.5.2.   The brake test described in paragraph 3.5.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.

3.5.3.   The dynamic frictional properties at the end of the procedure (step 9 or 18) of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper two thirds of the curve generated do not deviate by either ± 8 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.

4.   Integrity tests using an inertia dynamometer

The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 4.1 (discs) or 4.2 (drums).

A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3 or 4.1.1.2.3 of this Annex).

The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle (rigidly mounted brakes or those installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).

The temperature of the brake disc/brake drum should be measured in as close proximity to the friction rubbing surface as possible. The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and measuring point shall be the same for all tests.

If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to vair = 0,33 v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.

4.1.   Brake discs

4.1.1.   Brake disc thermal fatigue test

This test is conducted using a new disc, an original brake calliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).

Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.

4.1.1.1.   Vehicles of categories M1, N1

4.1.1.1.1.   Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.1.1.1.2.   Test programme (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished) according to the procedure of Annex 3, paragraph 1.1.2:

Table A11/4.1.1.1.2

| Test provision | Thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |
| Vehicle categories | M1, N1 |
| Type of braking | Sequential brake applications |
| Braking interval (= ttotal) | 70 s |
| Number of brake applications per cycle | 2 |
| Brake torque in accordance with a deceleration of | 5,0  m/s2 |
| Total number of braking cycles | 100 or 150 (see 4.1.1.1.3) |
| Brake applications | |
| from | vmax |
| to | 20  km/h |
| Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle | ≤ 100 °C |

Test provision

Thermal fatigue test

Vehicle categories

M1, N1

Type of braking

Sequential brake applications

Braking interval (= ttotal)

70 s

Number of brake applications per cycle

2

Brake torque in accordance with a deceleration of

5,0  m/s2

Total number of braking cycles

100 or 150 (see 4.1.1.1.3)

Brake applications

from

vmax

to

20  km/h

Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle

≤ 100 °C

where:

| vmax | the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass; |
| --- | --- |
| tbra | actual braking period during the application; |
| tacc | minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle; |
| trest | rest period; |
| ttotal | Braking interval (tbra + tacc + trest). |

vmax

the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass;

tbra

actual braking period during the application;

tacc

minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle;

trest

rest period;

ttotal

Braking interval (tbra + tacc + trest).

4.1.1.1.3.   Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 150 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 150 cycles but more than 100 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 100 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 100 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;

| (c) | through-cracking of any friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of any friction ring;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.1.1.2.   Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3

4.1.1.2.1.   Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

4.1.1.2.1.1.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t

By means of the following test programme, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The parameters listed below in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.

Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1

| Outside disc diameter | Test parameter | Test parameter | Example of equipment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Test mass m
  (kg) | rdyn (m) | ‘Brake size’/smallest possible rim size |
| 320-350 | 3 100 | 0,386 | 17,5 ′′ |
| 351-390 | 4 500 | 0,445 | 19,5 ′′ |
| 391-440 | 5 300 | 0,527 | 22,5 ′′ |
| > 440 (*1) | (*1) | (*1) | — |

Outside disc diameter

Test parameter

Test parameter

Example of equipment

Test mass m

(kg)

rdyn (m)

‘Brake size’/smallest possible rim size

320-350

3 100

0,386

17,5 ′′

351-390

4 500

0,445

19,5 ′′

391-440

5 300

0,527

22,5 ′′

> 440 (*1)

(*1)

(*1)

—

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test mass and rdyn).

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1.

4.1.1.2.1.2.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t

As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters listed in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the worst-case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.1.1.2.2.   Test programme (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

Table A11/4.1.1.2.2

| ‘Bedding-in’ procedure | 100 brake applications
  Initial speed: 60 km/h
  Final speed: 30 km/h
  dm alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2

  Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature) |
| --- | --- |
| 1. | Conditioned braking |

‘Bedding-in’ procedure

100 brake applications

Initial speed: 60 km/h

Final speed: 30 km/h

dm alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature)

1.

Conditioned braking

10 brake applications from 60 to 30 km/h

dm alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 250 °C

| 2. | High-speed braking |
| --- | --- |

2.

High-speed braking

Two brake applications from 130 to 80 km/h

dm 3 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 100 °C

| 3. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

3.

Conditioned braking

See test stage 1

| 4. | High-speed braking |
| --- | --- |

4.

High-speed braking

See test stage 2

| 5. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

5.

Conditioned braking

See test stage 1

| 6. | Continuous braking (1) |
| --- | --- |

6.

Continuous braking (1)

Five brake applications at a constant speed of: 85 km/h

Decelerating torque corresponding to 0,5 m/s2

Braking period 60 s

Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C

| 7. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

7.

Conditioned braking

See test stage 1

| 8. | Continuous braking (2) |
| --- | --- |

8.

Continuous braking (2)

Five brake applications at a constant speed of: 85 km/h

Decelerating torque corresponding to 1,0 m/s2

Braking period 40 s

Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C

| 9. | Repeat test stages 1 to 8 |
| --- | --- |

9.

Repeat test stages 1 to 8

Nine or 14 times (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.1.1.2.3

| dm | distance related mean deceleration. |
| --- | --- |

dm

distance related mean deceleration.

4.1.1.2.3.   Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 15 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 15 cycles but more than 10 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 10 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 10 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction ring;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;

| (c) | through-cracking of any friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of any friction ring;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.1.2.   Brake disc high load test

This test is conducted using a new disc, an original brake calliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).

Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.

4.1.2.1.   Vehicles of categories M1, N1

4.1.2.1.1.   Test conditions (brake disc high load test)

See paragraph 4.1.1.1.1 above.

4.1.2.1.2.   Test programme (brake disc high load test)

The test has to be carried out according to the following table:

Table A11/4.1.2.1.2

| Test provision | High load test |
| --- | --- |
| Vehicle categories | M1, N1 |
| Type of braking | Single brake applications |
| Number of brake applications | 70 |
| Initial temperature at the beginning of braking | ≤ 100 °C |
| Brake torque in accordance with | 10,0 m/s2 (however, brake pressure p ≤ 16 000 kPa) |
| Brake applications | |
| from | vmax |
| to | 10  km/h |

Test provision

High load test

Vehicle categories

M1, N1

Type of braking

Single brake applications

Number of brake applications

70

Initial temperature at the beginning of braking

≤ 100 °C

Brake torque in accordance with

10,0 m/s2 (however, brake pressure p ≤ 16 000 kPa)

Brake applications

from

vmax

to

10  km/h

where:

| vmax | the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass. |
| --- | --- |

vmax

the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass.

4.1.2.1.3.   Test result (brake disc high load test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 70 or more brake applications are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 70 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;

| (c) | through-cracking of any friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of any friction ring;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.1.2.2.   Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3

4.1.2.2.1.   Test conditions (brake disc high load test)

See paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 above.

4.1.2.2.2.   Test programme (brake disc high load test)

500 brake applications are carried out from a speed of 50 km/h to 10 km/h with a brake torque of 90 per cent of the maximum brake torque specified by the applicant.

Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C

4.1.2.2.3.   Test result (brake disc high load test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if the brake disc does not exhibit any signs of fracture after 500 brake applications.

4.2.   Brake drums

4.2.1.   Brake drum thermal fatigue test

The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).

Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.

4.2.1.1.   Vehicles of categories M1 and N1

4.2.1.1.1.   Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.2.1.1.2.   Test programme (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

The thermal fatigue requirements for brake drums are covered by the high load tests of paragraph 4.2.2.1.2.

4.2.1.1.3.   Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue)

See paragraph 4.2.2.1.3.

4.2.1.2.   Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3

4.2.1.2.1.   Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

4.2.1.2.1.1.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t

By means of the following test programme, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The parameters listed below in Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.

Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1

| Inner drum diameter
  (mm) | Lining width | Typical rim diameter |
| --- | --- | --- |
| < 130 mm | 130-190 mm | > 190 mm |
| Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) | Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) | Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) |
| < 330 | 2 750 | 0,402 | 3 200 | 0,390 | 5 500 | 0,402 | 17,5 ′′ |
| 330-390 | (*2) | (*2) | 3 400 | 0,480 | 5 500 | 0,516 | 19,5 ′′ |
| 391-430 | 3 400 | 0,510 | 4 500 | 0,527 | 5 500 | 0,543 | 22,5 ′′ |
| > 430 | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | — |

Inner drum diameter

(mm)

Lining width

Typical rim diameter

< 130 mm

130-190 mm

> 190 mm

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

< 330

2 750

0,402

3 200

0,390

5 500

0,402

17,5 ′′

330-390

(*2)

(*2)

3 400

0,480

5 500

0,516

19,5 ′′

391-430

3 400

0,510

4 500

0,527

5 500

0,543

22,5 ′′

> 430

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

—

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test mass and rdyn).

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1.

4.2.1.2.1.2.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t

As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters listed in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the worst-case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.2.1.2.2.   Test programme (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

Table A11/4.2.1.2.2

| Test provision | Thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |
| Type of braking | Sequential brake applications |
| Number of brake applications | 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.2.1.2.3.

  NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears. |
| Brake torque in accordance with | 3,0  m/s2 |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 130 |
| to | 80  km/h |
| Initial temperature of each brake application | ≤ 50 °C |
| Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3. | permitted |

Test provision

Thermal fatigue test

Type of braking

Sequential brake applications

Number of brake applications

250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.2.1.2.3.

NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears.

Brake torque in accordance with

3,0  m/s2

Brake applications

from

130

to

80  km/h

Initial temperature of each brake application

≤ 50 °C

Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3.

permitted

4.2.1.2.3.   Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 300 or more brake applications are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 300 brake applications but more than 250 brake applications are completed without damage or failure then the technical service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 250 brake applications without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 250 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared — if the damage or failure point is no worse than the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;

| (c) | through-cracking of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of the drum;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.2.2.   Brake drum high load test

The high load test shall be conducted on the same test specimens following the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this Annex).

4.2.2.1.   Vehicles of categories M1 and N1

4.2.2.1.1.   Test conditions (brake drum high load test)

See paragraph 4.2.1.1.1 above.

4.2.2.1.2.   Test programme (brake drum high load test)

Table A11/4.2.2.1.2

| ‘Bedding-in’ procedure | Make 100 consecutive snub applications with v1 = 80 km/h and v2 = 10 km/h and an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C.
  The deceleration of the first application shall be constant 1,5 m/s2. From the second up to the last application the pressure shall be constant and equivalent to the average of the first application.
  The bedding should be continued until a minimum of 80 per cent lining to drum contact is achieved. |
| --- | --- |
| Test provision | Brake drum high load test |
| Type of braking | Single brake applications |
| Number of brake applications | 100 |
| Initial temperature at the beginning of braking | ≤ 100 °C |
| Brake torque in accordance with | 10,0 m/s2

  (however, brake pressure p ≤ 16 000 kPa) |
| Brake applications | |
| from | vmax |
| to | 10  km/h |

‘Bedding-in’ procedure

Make 100 consecutive snub applications with v1 = 80 km/h and v2 = 10 km/h and an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C.

The deceleration of the first application shall be constant 1,5 m/s2. From the second up to the last application the pressure shall be constant and equivalent to the average of the first application.

The bedding should be continued until a minimum of 80 per cent lining to drum contact is achieved.

Test provision

Brake drum high load test

Type of braking

Single brake applications

Number of brake applications

100

Initial temperature at the beginning of braking

≤ 100 °C

Brake torque in accordance with

10,0 m/s2

(however, brake pressure p ≤ 16 000 kPa)

Brake applications

from

vmax

to

10  km/h

| vmax | the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass. |
| --- | --- |

vmax

the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass.

4.2.2.1.3.   Test result (brake drum high load test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 100 or more brake applications are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 100 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;

| (c) | through-cracking of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of the drum;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.2.2.2.   Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3

4.2.2.2.1.   Test conditions (brake drum high load test)

See above paragraph 4.2.1.2.1.

4.2.2.2.2.   Test programme (brake drum high load test)

Table A11/4.2.2.2.2

| Test provision | High load test |
| --- | --- |
| Type of braking | Braking to less than 5 km/h |
| Total number of brake applications | 150 |
| Initial brake drum temperature at each brake application | ≤ 100 °C |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 60  km/h |
| to | ≤ 5 km/h |
| Brake torque in accordance with a | 6  m/s2 |
| Cooling (also deviating from paragraph 3.2.3 of this Annex) | permitted |

Test provision

High load test

Type of braking

Braking to less than 5 km/h

Total number of brake applications

150

Initial brake drum temperature at each brake application

≤ 100 °C

Brake applications

from

60  km/h

to

≤ 5 km/h

Brake torque in accordance with a

6  m/s2

Cooling (also deviating from paragraph 3.2.3 of this Annex)

permitted

4.2.2.2.3.   Test result (brake drum high load test)

The test result is positive provided the brake drum does not fracture.

---

(*1)  The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the technical service.

(*2)  The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the technical service.

---

ANNEX 12

REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISCS/DRUMS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY O

1.   Test overview

The tests required in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation are detailed as follows according to the vehicle category:

Table A12/1A

Vehicles of categories O1, O2 and O3

| Track test | Alternative dynamometer test (alternative to track test) |
| --- | --- |
| 2.2.1. | Type-0 |

Track test

Alternative dynamometer test (alternative to track test)

2.2.1.

Type-0

| 3.4.1. | Type-0 |
| --- | --- |

3.4.1.

Type-0

| 2.2.2. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

2.2.2.

Type-I

| 3.4.2. | Type-I |
| --- | --- |

3.4.2.

Type-I

| 2.3. | Parking brake system (if applicable) |
| --- | --- |

2.3.

Parking brake system (if applicable)

—

| 2.4. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

2.4.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

| 3.5. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

3.5.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

Table A12/1B

Vehicles of categories O4

| Track test | Alternative dynamometer test (alternative to track test) |
| --- | --- |
| 2.2.1. | Type-0 |

Track test

Alternative dynamometer test (alternative to track test)

2.2.1.

Type-0

| 3.4.1. | Type-0 |
| --- | --- |

3.4.1.

Type-0

| 2.2.3. | Type-III |
| --- | --- |

2.2.3.

Type-III

| 3.4.3. | Type-III |
| --- | --- |

3.4.3.

Type-III

| 2.3. | Parking brake system (if applicable) |
| --- | --- |

2.3.

Parking brake system (if applicable)

—

| 2.4. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

2.4.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

| 3.5. | Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles) |
| --- | --- |

3.5.

Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

2.   Verification of the vehicle test requirements

2.1.   Test vehicle

A vehicle that is representative for the selected test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this Regulation) in respect of which an approval or parts report for a replacement brake disc/drum is applied for shall be fitted with this replacement brake disc/drum as well as be equipped with test devices for testing the brakes pursuant to the provisions of Regulation No 13.

The replacement brake disc/drum shall be fitted to the axle in question together with an accompanying brake lining which has been type-approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 available from the vehicle or axle manufacturer. Unless a uniform procedure is laid down for how braking is to be effected, the test shall be carried out following agreement with the technical service. All the tests listed below shall be carried out on brakes that have been bedded in. The same ‘bedding-in’ programme shall be used for both replacement and original brake discs and drums.

2.2.   Service braking system

2.2.1.   Type-0 brake tests, vehicle laden

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.4.

2.2.2.   Type-I brake tests

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.2.

At the end of the Type-I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3.

2.2.3.   Type-III brake tests

This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.7.

2.3.   Parking braking system (if applicable)

2.3.1.   If the service brake system and the parking brake system use a common disc or drum friction surface, it is not necessary to conduct a specific parking brake system test. The satisfactory achievement of the Type-0 laden test shall be taken as meeting the parking brake system requirements.

2.3.2.   Static test with 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden

2.3.3.   The vehicle shall satisfy all the relevant provisions laid down in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 2.3 and 3.2 that apply to this category of vehicle.

2.4.   Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)

For this test, the vehicle shall be laden and all brake applications carried out on a flat road.

The service braking system of the vehicle shall be provided with a device that separates the front-wheel brakes from the rear-wheel brakes so that they can always be operated independently of one another.

If an approval or a parts report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the front-wheel brakes, the rear-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

If an approval or a parts report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the rear-wheel brakes, the front-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.

2.4.1.   Performance comparison test when the brakes are cold

With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.

2.4.1.1.   Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to the point at which the wheels lock, or up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 3,5 m/s2, or up to the maximum control force permitted for this category of vehicle, in which connection the initial speed for testing purposes is 45 km/h:

Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.

2.4.1.2.   The brake test described in paragraph 2.4.1.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.

2.4.1.3.   The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper two thirds of the curve generated do not deviate by more than ± 10 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.

3.   Inertia dynamometer test

3.1.   Equipment of the dynamometer

For testing purposes, the dynamometer shall be fitted out with the original brake calliper or wheel brake of the vehicle concerned. The inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with a constant torque device and equipment for recording rotational speed, brake pressure, the number of revolutions after braking has commenced, brake torque, the braking period and the temperature of the brake drum on a continuous basis.

3.2.   Test conditions

3.2.1.   Inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be set as close as possible, with a permissible variation of ± 5 per cent, to the theoretically required value which corresponds to that part of the total inertia of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel. The formula used for calculation purposes is as follows:

I = m · rdyn
  2

where:

| I | = | rotary inertia (kgm2); |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rdyn | = | dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m); |
| m | = | test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as stipulated by this Regulation. |

I

=

rotary inertia (kgm2);

rdyn

=

dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m);

m

=

test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as stipulated by this Regulation.

3.2.1.1.   Dynamic rolling radius

In calculating the inertia mass, the dynamic rolling radius (rdyn) of the largest tyre authorised for the vehicle (or the axle) shall be taken into account.

3.2.1.2.   Test mass

The test mass for calculating the inertia mass shall be as follows:

| | mveh | = | maximum permitted mass of the vehicle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| n | = | number of axles, or number of front or rear-axles in the case of full trailer |

Formula

mveh

=

maximum permitted mass of the vehicle

n

=

number of axles, or number of front or rear-axles in the case of full trailer

3.2.2.   The initial rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear speed of the vehicle at 40 or 60 km/h (depending on the type of test) based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest and smallest tyre of the authorised tyre sizes.

3.2.3.   Cooling

The cooling may be carried out either to paragraph 3.2.3.1 or 3.2.3.2.

3.2.3.1.   Test carried out with a complete wheel according to Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph 3.2.2.

With respect to the Type-I and Type-III tests air cooling at a velocity and air flow direction simulating actual conditions may be used during the heating runs, the speed of the air flow being

vair = 0,33 v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.

3.2.3.2.   Test carried out without a rim

With respect to the Type-I and Type-III tests during the heating runs no cooling is allowed.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

3.2.4.   Preparation of the brake

3.2.4.1.   Disc brakes

This test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).

3.2.4.2.   Drum brakes

The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).

Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.

3.3.   Alternative dynamometer performance test

Table A12/3.3

| 1. | Cold bedding-in (cold burnishing):
  100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications







  Ti | = | 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| vi | = | 60 km/h |
| dm | = | 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating |

1.

Cold bedding-in (cold burnishing):

100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications

Ti

=

150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)

vi

=

60 km/h

dm

=

1 and 2 m/s2 alternating

2.

Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this Annex

3.

Hot bedding-in (Hot burnishing):

Make 30 consecutive snub applications with v1 = 60 km/h and v2 = 30 km/h with a cycle time of 60 s starting at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the first application. The deceleration of the first application shall be constant 3 m/s2. From the second up to the last application the pressure shall be constant and equivalent to the average of the first application.

4.

Re-burnishing:

30 brake applications

| Ti | = | 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| vi | = | 60 km/h, |
| dm | = | 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating |

Ti

=

150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)

vi

=

60 km/h,

dm

=

1 and 2 m/s2 alternating

5.

Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex

6.

Brake test Type-I (in the case of O2/O3), see paragraph 3.4.2 of this Annex

7.

Re-burnishing: (like item 4)

8.

Brake test Type-0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this Annex

9.

Brake test Type-III (in the case of O4), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this Annex

10.

Re-burnishing: (like item 4)

3.4.   Service braking system

3.4.1.   Brake tests Type-0, vehicle laden

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.4.

3.4.2.   Brake tests Type-I

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.2.

At the end of the Type-I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3.

3.4.3.   Brake tests Type-III

This test shall be carried out analogous to the provisions of Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.7.

3.5.   Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)

3.5.1.   The test shall be carried out in accordance of Regulation No 13, Annex 19, paragraphs 4.4.3.1 to 4.4.3.4.

3.5.2.   The brake test described in paragraph 3.5.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.

3.5.3.   The dynamic frictional properties at step 2 oft the procedure of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper two thirds of the curve generated do not deviate by more than ± 8 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.

4.   Integrity tests using an inertia dynamometer

The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 4.1 (discs) or 4.2 (drums).

A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3 or 4.1.1.2.3 of this Annex).

The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle (rigidly mounted brakes or those installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).

The temperature of the brake disc/brake drum should be measured in as close proximity to the friction rubbing surface as possible. The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and measuring point shall be the same for all tests.

If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to:

vair = 0,33 v

where:

| v | = | vehicle test speed at initiation of braking. |
| --- | --- | --- |

v

=

vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.

In other cases cooling air is not restricted.

The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.

4.1.   Brake discs

4.1.1.   Brake disc thermal fatigue test

This test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).

4.1.1.1.   Vehicles of categories O1 and O2

4.1.1.1.1.   Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue)

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.1.1.1.2.   Test programme (brake disc thermal fatigue)

Table A12/4.1.1.1.2

| Test provision | Thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |
| Vehicle categories | O1, O2 |
| Type of braking | Sequential brake applications |
| Braking interval (= ttotal) | 70 s |
| Number of brake applications per cycle | 2 |
| Brake torque in accordance with a (m/s2) | 5,0 |
| Total number of braking cycles | 100 or 150 (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3) |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 80  km/h |
| to | 20  km/h |
| Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle | ≤ 100 °C |

Test provision

Thermal fatigue test

Vehicle categories

O1, O2

Type of braking

Sequential brake applications

Braking interval (= ttotal)

70 s

Number of brake applications per cycle

2

Brake torque in accordance with a (m/s2)

5,0

Total number of braking cycles

100 or 150 (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3)

Brake applications

from

80  km/h

to

20  km/h

Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle

≤ 100 °C

| vmax | maximum design speed (as per its range of use); |
| --- | --- |
| tbra | actual braking period during the application; |
| tacc | minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle; |
| trest | rest period; |
| ttotal | braking interval (tbra + tacc + trest). |

vmax

maximum design speed (as per its range of use);

tbra

actual braking period during the application;

tacc

minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle;

trest

rest period;

ttotal

braking interval (tbra + tacc + trest).

4.1.1.1.3.   Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 150 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 150 cycles but more than 100 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 100 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 100 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;

| (c) | through-cracking of any friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of any friction ring;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.1.1.2.   Vehicles of categories O3 and O4

4.1.1.2.1.   Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

4.1.1.2.1.1.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t

By means of the following test programme, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The parameters listed below in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.

Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1

| Outside disc diameter | Test parameter | Test parameter | Example of equipment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Test mass m
  (kg) | rdyn (m) | ‘Brake size’/smallest possible rim size |
| 320-350 | 3 100 | 0,386 | 17,5 ′′ |
| 351-390 | 4 500 | 0,445 | 19,5 ′′ |
| 391-440 | 5 300 | 0,527 | 22,5 ′′ |
| > 440 (*1) | (*1) | (*1) | — |

Outside disc diameter

Test parameter

Test parameter

Example of equipment

Test mass m

(kg)

rdyn (m)

‘Brake size’/smallest possible rim size

320-350

3 100

0,386

17,5 ′′

351-390

4 500

0,445

19,5 ′′

391-440

5 300

0,527

22,5 ′′

> 440 (*1)

(*1)

(*1)

—

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 12 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test mass and rdyn).

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1.

4.1.1.2.1.2.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t

As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters listed in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the worst-case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.1.1.2.2.   Test programme (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

Table A12/4.1.1.2.2.

| ‘Bedding-in’ procedure | 100 brake applications
  Initial speed: 60 km/h
  Final speed: 30 km/h
  dm alternating between 1 m/s2 und 2 m/s2

  Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature) |
| --- | --- |
| 1. | Conditioned braking |

‘Bedding-in’ procedure

100 brake applications

Initial speed: 60 km/h

Final speed: 30 km/h

dm alternating between 1 m/s2 und 2 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature)

1.

Conditioned braking

10 brake applications from 60 to 30 km/h

dm alternating between 1 m/s2 und 2 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 250 °C

| 2. | High-speed braking |
| --- | --- |

2.

High-speed braking

Two brake applications from 130 to 80 km/h

dm = 3 m/s2

Initial temperature: ≤ 100 °C

| 3. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

3.

Conditioned braking

See test stage 1

| 4. | High-speed braking |
| --- | --- |

4.

High-speed braking

See test stage 2

| 5. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

5.

Conditioned braking

See test stage 1

| 6. | Continuous braking (1) |
| --- | --- |

6.

Continuous braking (1)

Five brake applications

at a constant speed of: 85 km/h

Decelerating torque corresponding to 0,5 m/s2

Braking period 60 s

Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C

| 7. | Conditioned braking |
| --- | --- |

7.

Conditioned braking

see test stage 1

| 8. | Continuous braking (2) |
| --- | --- |

8.

Continuous braking (2)

Five brake applications

at a constant speed of: 85 km/h

Decelerating torque corresponding to 1,0 m/s2

Braking period 40 s

Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C

| 9. | Repeat test stages 1 to 8 |
| --- | --- |

9.

Repeat test stages 1 to 8

Nine or 14 times (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.1.1.2.3

dm distance-related mean deceleration.

4.1.1.2.3.   Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 15 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 15 cycles but more than 10 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 10 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 10 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;

| (c) | through-cracking of any friction ring; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of any friction ring;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.1.2.   Brake disc high load test

The high load tests shall be conducted on the same test specimens following on from the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this Annex).

4.1.2.1.   Vehicles of categories O1 and O2

Not applicable.

4.1.2.2.   Vehicles of categories O3 and O4

4.1.2.2.1.   Test conditions (brake disc high load test)

See above paragraph 4.1.1.2.1.

4.1.2.2.2.   Test programme (brake disc high load test)

500 brake applications are carried out from a speed of 50 km/h to 10 km/h with a brake torque of 90 per cent of the maximum brake torque specified by the applicant.

Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C

4.1.2.2.3.   Test result (brake disc high load test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if the brake disc does not exhibit any signs of fracture after 500 brake applications.

4.2.   Brake drums

4.2.1.   Brake drum thermal fatigue test

The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type-approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).

Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.

4.2.1.1.   Vehicles of categories O1 and O2

4.2.1.1.1.   Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

4.2.1.1.1.1.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible axle load ≤ 1 200 kg

Not applicable.

4.2.1.1.1.2.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible axle load > 1 200 kg

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.2.1.1.2.   Test programme (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

Table A12/4.2.1.1.2

| Test provision | Thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |
| Type of braking | Sequential brake applications |
| Number of brake applications | 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.1.3.

  NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears. |
| Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of | 3,0  m/s2 |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 130 |
| to | 80  km/h |
| Initial temperature of each brake application | ≤ 50 °C |
| Cooling pursuant to 3.2.3. | permitted |

Test provision

Thermal fatigue test

Type of braking

Sequential brake applications

Number of brake applications

250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.1.3.

NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears.

Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of

3,0  m/s2

Brake applications

from

130

to

80  km/h

Initial temperature of each brake application

≤ 50 °C

Cooling pursuant to 3.2.3.

permitted

4.2.1.1.3.   Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 450 or more brake applications are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 450 brake applications but more than 300 brake applications are completed without damage or failure then the technical service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 300 brake applications without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 300 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared — if the damage or failure point is no worse than the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;

| (c) | through-cracking of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of the drum;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.2.1.2.   Vehicles of categories O3 and O4

4.2.1.2.1.   Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

4.2.1.2.1.1.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t

By means of the following test programme, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The parameters listed below in Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.

Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1

| Inner drum diameter
  (mm) | Lining width | Typical rim diameter |
| --- | --- | --- |
| < 130 mm | 130-190 mm | > 190 mm |
| Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) | Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) | Test mass
  (kg) | Tyre radius
  (m) |
| < 330 | 2 750 | 0,402 | 3 200 | 0,390 | 5 500 | 0,402 | 17,5 ′′ |
| 330-390 | (*2) | (*2) | 3 400 | 0,480 | 5 500 | 0,516 | 19,5 ′′ |
| 391-430 | 3 400 | 0,510 | 4 500 | 0,527 | 5 500 | 0,543 | 22,5 ′′ |
| > 430 | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | (*2) | — |

Inner drum diameter

(mm)

Lining width

Typical rim diameter

< 130 mm

130-190 mm

> 190 mm

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

Test mass

(kg)

Tyre radius

(m)

< 330

2 750

0,402

3 200

0,390

5 500

0,402

17,5 ′′

330-390

(*2)

(*2)

3 400

0,480

5 500

0,516

19,5 ′′

391-430

3 400

0,510

4 500

0,527

5 500

0,543

22,5 ′′

> 430

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

(*2)

—

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 12 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test mass and rdyn).

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1.

4.2.1.2.1.2.   Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t

As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters listed in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the worst-case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.

The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.

The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.

4.2.1.2.2.   Test programme (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

Table A12/4.2.1.2.2

| Test provision | Thermal fatigue test |
| --- | --- |
| Type of braking | Sequential brake applications |
| Number of brake applications | 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.2.3.

  NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears. |
| Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of | 3,0  m/s2 |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 130 |
| to | 80  km/h |
| Initial temperature of each brake application | ≤ 50 °C |
| Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3 | permitted |

Test provision

Thermal fatigue test

Type of braking

Sequential brake applications

Number of brake applications

250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.2.3.

NB: the test is interrupted when a through crack appears.

Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of

3,0  m/s2

Brake applications

from

130

to

80  km/h

Initial temperature of each brake application

≤ 50 °C

Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3

permitted

4.2.1.2.3.   Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue test)

The test is regarded as having been passed if 300 or more brake applications are completed without damage or failure.

If less than 300 brake applications but more than 250 brake applications are completed without damage or failure then the technical service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 250 brake applications without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.

If less than 250 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared — if the damage or failure point is no worse than the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.

Damage in this context means:

| (a) | cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface; |
| --- | --- |

(a)

cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;

| (b) | cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(b)

cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;

| (c) | through-cracking of the drum; |
| --- | --- |

(c)

through-cracking of the drum;

| (d) | any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface. |
| --- | --- |

(d)

any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.

4.2.2.   Brake drum high load test

The high load test shall be conducted on the same test specimens following the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this Annex.)

4.2.2.1.   Vehicles of categories O1 and O2

4.2.2.1.1.   Test conditions (brake drum high load test)

See paragraph 4.2.1.1.1 above.

4.2.2.1.2.   Test programme (brake drum high load test)

See paragraph 4.2.2.2.2 below.

4.2.2.1.3.   Test result (brake drum high load test)

See paragraph 4.2.2.2.3 below.

4.2.2.2.   Vehicles of categories O3 and O4

4.2.2.2.1.   Test conditions (brake drum high load test)

See paragraph 4.2.1.2.1 above.

4.2.2.2.2.   Test programme (brake drum high load test)

Table A12/4.2.2.2.2

| Test provision | High load test |
| --- | --- |
| Type of braking | Braking to standstill |
| Total number of brake applications | 150 |
| Initial temperature of the brake drum every time the brake is operated | ≤ 100 °C |
| Brake applications | |
| from | 60  km/h |
| to | 0  km/h |
| Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of | 6  m/s2 |
| Cooling (also deviating from paragraph 3.2.3) | permitted |

Test provision

High load test

Type of braking

Braking to standstill

Total number of brake applications

150

Initial temperature of the brake drum every time the brake is operated

≤ 100 °C

Brake applications

from

60  km/h

to

0  km/h

Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of

6  m/s2

Cooling (also deviating from paragraph 3.2.3)

permitted

4.2.2.2.3.   Test result (brake drum high load test)

The test result is positive provided the brake drum does not fracture.

---

(*1)  The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the technical service.

(*2)  The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the technical service.

---

ANNEX 13

MODEL TEST REPORT FOR A REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISC/DRUM

Test Report No ... concerning the approval of a replacement brake disc/drum in accordance to Regulation No 90

1.   General technical description of a replacement brake disc/drum (1)

1.1.   Applicant (name and address): ...

1.2.   Manufacturer (name and address): ...

1.3.   Trade name: ...

1.4.   Category of replacement disc/drum: Original/Identical/Equivalent/Interchangeable (1)

1.5.   Type of disc/drum (1): ...

1.6.   Marking:

| | Identification | Location of marking | Method of marking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Manufacturer name or trade name: | | | |
| Approval number | E2-90R02 Cxxxx/yyyy | | |
| | xxxx => Type No
  yyyy => Variant No |
| Indication for traceability | | | |
| Minimum thickness (disc)/maximum inside diameter (drum) (1) | | | |

Identification

Location of marking

Method of marking

Manufacturer name or trade name:

Approval number

E2-90R02 Cxxxx/yyyy

xxxx => Type No

yyyy => Variant No

Indication for traceability

Minimum thickness (disc)/maximum inside diameter (drum) (1)

1.7.   Material

1.7.1.   Material group: ...

1.7.2.   Material subgroup (2): ...

1.8.   Application range

With minimum of the following information:

| Part |
| --- |
| Replacement part | Original part |
| Variant | Part number | Part number | Identification code |
| | | | |

Part

Replacement part

Original part

Variant

Part number

Part number

Identification code

| Motor-vehicle (2) |
| --- |
| Make | Type of vehicle | Trade name | Maximum Gross weight | Maximum speed | Year of manufacture |
| | | | | | |

Motor-vehicle (2)

Make

Type of vehicle

Trade name

Maximum Gross weight

Maximum speed

Year of manufacture

| Axle for trailers (2) |
| --- |
| Make | Type of axle | Trade name | Maximum axle load | Range of dynamic tyre radius
  (largest/smallest) | |
| | | | | | |

Axle for trailers (2)

Make

Type of axle

Trade name

Maximum axle load

Range of dynamic tyre radius

(largest/smallest)

| Brake |
| --- |
| Position | Calliper (2) | Dimensions | Type of construction |
| Front | Rear |
| | | | | |

Brake

Position

Calliper (2)

Dimensions

Type of construction

Front

Rear

1.9.   Additional information (2)

2.   Test groups

2.1.   Dimensions per test group

2.1.1.   Outside (disc)/Inside (drum) (1) diameters: ...

2.1.2.   Thickness (disc)/Shoe width (drum) (1) diameters: ...

2.2.   Highest ratio of kinetic energy per test group in according to paragraph 5.3.6 of Regulation No 90

Formula

2.3.   Disc/drum (1) material per test group: ...

3.   Technical data regarding the tests per test group

3.1.   Vehicle test

3.1.1.   Data of the test vehicle

3.1.1.1.   Vehicle category: ...

3.1.1.2.   Vehicle manufacturer: ...

3.1.1.3.   Vehicle make: ...

3.1.1.4.   Vehicle type and trade name: ...

3.1.1.5.   Vehicle identification number: ...

3.1.1.6.   Vehicle type-approval No: ...

3.1.1.7.   Vehicle engine power: ...

3.1.1.8.   Speed:

Maximum vehicle speed vmax: ...

3.1.1.9.   Tyres: ...

3.1.1.10.   Brake circuit configuration/Layout: ...

3.1.1.11.   Test masses

Axle 1: ...

Axle 2: ...

Axle ...: ...

3.1.1.12.   Brake:

3.1.1.12.1.   Test sample brake disc/Brake drum (1):

Identification code of the original replacement part: ...

Test group: ...

Part number: ...

Mass of the replacement part: ...

Outside disc diameter/Inside drum diameter (1): ...

Radius re, effective: ...

Friction surface width: ...

Disc thickness (nominal)/Outside drum width (1): ...

3.1.1.12.2.   Brake calliper/Brake drum mechanism (1)

Manufacturer: ...

Type: ...

Variant: ...

Part number: ...

Method of construction: ...

Maximum technically permissible torque Cmax,e at the brake lever (pneumatic)/Line pressure (pmax,e) (hydraulic) (1): ...

Threshold torque C0,e (pneumatic)/Line pressure (hydraulic) (1): ...

Ratio le/ee (pneumatic)/Piston diameter (hydraulic) (1): .../...

Maximum brake torque: ...

3.1.1.12.3.   Brake pad/Brake lining (1)

Manufacturer: ...

Make: ...

Type: ...

Approval number (2): ...

Identification (e.g. part number): ...

Effective surface area: ...

3.1.2.   Test equipment

3.1.2.1.   Deceleration: ...

3.1.2.2.   Pressure: ...

3.1.2.3.   Speed: ...

3.1.2.4.   Drum/Disc temperature: ...

3.1.3.   Test track:

3.1.3.1.   Location: ...

3.1.3.2.   Surface: ...

3.1.3.3.   Condition (e.g. dry/wet): ...

3.2.   Dynamometer test

3.2.1.   Test data

3.2.1.1.   Vehicle category: ...

3.2.1.2.   Dynamic rolling radius

Dynamic rolling radius RIner for calculating the inertia:

with respect to paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11/12 ...

Dynamic rolling radius Rveh with respect to paragraph 3.2.2 of Annex 11/12: ...

3.2.1.3.   Masses and inertia

Maximum permissible mass of the vehicle: ...

X-Value (front axle): ...

Y-Value (rear axle): ...

Test mass m: ...

Test inertia IAdj: ...

3.2.1.4.   Cooling ...

3.2.1.4.1.   Speed of cooling air during Type-I, Type-II and/or Type-III (1) ...

3.2.1.4.2.   Speed of cooling air in other cases:

3.2.1.5.   Speed

Maximum speed vmax: ...

3.2.1.6.   Actuation device

Manufacturer: ...

Make: ...

Type: ...

Variant: ...

Effective area (hydraulic)/ThA — formula (pneumatic) (1): ...

3.2.1.7.   Brake

3.2.1.7.1.   Test sample brake disc/Brake drum (1)

Identification code of the original replacement part: ...

Test group: ...

Part number: ...

Mass of the replacement part: ...

Outside disc diameter/Inside drum diameter (1): ...

Radius re, effective: ...

Friction surface width: ...

Disc thickness (nominal)/Outside drum width (1): ...

3.2.1.7.2.   Brake calliper/Brake drum mechanism (1)

Manufacturer: ...

Type: ...

Variant: ...

Method of construction: ...

Maximum technical permissible torque Cmax,e at the brake lever (pneumatic)/Line pressure (pmax,e) (hydraulic) (1): ...

Threshold torque C0,e (pneumatic)/Line pressure (hydraulic) (1): ...

Ratio le/ee (pneumatic)/Piston diameter (hydraulic) (1) .../...

Maximum Brake torque: ...

Identification No: ...

3.2.1.7.3.   Brake pad/Brake lining (1)

Manufacturer: ...

Make: ...

Type: ...

Approval number (2): ...

Identification: ...

Width be: ...

Thickness de: ...

Surface, effective: ...

Method of attachment: ...

4.   Record of test results

4.1.   Geometric check: ...

Drawing No and issue level: ...

4.2.   Material check: ...

4.3.   Balancing provisions check: ...

4.4.   Wear condition marking check: ...

4.5.   Vehicle test/Alternative dynamometer test (1):

4.5.1.   Brake performance

4.5.1.1.   Service brake performance in the case of categories M, N (2)

| | 0
  disconnected (2) | 0
  Connected | I |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No of sample | | | | |
| Annex 11, paragraph: | 2.2.1/3.4.1 (1) | 2.2.2/3.4.4 (1) | 2.2.3/3.4.2 (1) | |
| Test speed | | | | | |
| Initial | km/h | | | | |
| Final | km/h | | | | |
| Brake chamber pressure pe | kPa | | | | |
| Number of applications | — | | | | |
| Duration of one brake cycle | s | | | | |
| Brake force 0,5 · Te | daN | | | | |
| Braking ratio 0,5 · Te/9,81 · m
  (m = Test mass) | — | | | | |
| Brake chamber stroke se | mm | | | | |
| Threshold torque at the brake lever | | | | | |
| Ce | Nm |
| C0,e | Nm |

0

disconnected (2)

0

Connected

I

No of sample

Annex 11, paragraph:

2.2.1/3.4.1 (1)

2.2.2/3.4.4 (1)

2.2.3/3.4.2 (1)

Test speed

Initial

km/h

Final

km/h

Brake chamber pressure pe

kPa

Number of applications

—

Duration of one brake cycle

s

Brake force 0,5 · Te

daN

Braking ratio 0,5 · Te/9,81 · m

(m = Test mass)

—

Brake chamber stroke se

mm

Threshold torque at the brake lever

Ce

Nm

C0,e

Nm

Free running: ...

4.5.1.2.   Service brake performance in the case of categories M2, M3, N2, N3 (2)

| Test type | 0 | II |
| --- | --- | --- |
| No of sample | | | |
| Annex 11, paragraph: | 2.2.1/3.4.1 (1) | 2.2.4/3.4.3 (1) | |
| Test speed | | | | |
| Brake chamber pressure pe | kPa | | | |
| Number of applications | — | | | |
| Duration of one brake cycle | s | | | |
| Brake force 0,5 · Te | daN | | | |
| Braking ratio 0,5 · Te/9,81 · m
  (m = Test mass) | — | | | |
| Brake chamber stroke se | mm | | | |
| Threshold torque at the brake lever | | | | |
| Ce | Nm |
| C0,e | Nm |

Test type

0

II

No of sample

Annex 11, paragraph:

2.2.1/3.4.1 (1)

2.2.4/3.4.3 (1)

Test speed

Brake chamber pressure pe

kPa

Number of applications

—

Duration of one brake cycle

s

Brake force 0,5 · Te

daN

Braking ratio 0,5 · Te/9,81 · m

(m = Test mass)

—

Brake chamber stroke se

mm

Threshold torque at the brake lever

Ce

Nm

C0,e

Nm

Free running: ...

4.5.1.3.   Service brake performance in the case of categories O1, O2, O3 (2)

| Test type | 0 | I |
| --- | --- | --- |
| No of sample | | | |
| Annex 12, paragraph: | 2.2.1/3.4.1 (1) | 2.2.2/3.4.2 (1) | |
| Test speed | | | | |
| Brake chamber pressure pe | kPa | | | |
| Number of applications | — | | | |
| Duration of one brake cycle | s | | | |
| Brake force 0,5Te | daN | | | |
| Braking ratio 0,5Te / 9,81 · m
  (m = Test mass) | — | | | |
| Brake chamber stroke se | mm | | | |
| Threshold torque at the brake lever | | | | |
| Ce | Nm |
| C0,e | Nm |

Test type

0

I

No of sample

Annex 12, paragraph:

2.2.1/3.4.1 (1)

2.2.2/3.4.2 (1)

Test speed

Brake chamber pressure pe

kPa

Number of applications

—

Duration of one brake cycle

s

Brake force 0,5Te

daN

Braking ratio 0,5Te / 9,81 · m

(m = Test mass)

—

Brake chamber stroke se

mm

Threshold torque at the brake lever

Ce

Nm

C0,e

Nm

Free running: ...

4.5.1.4.   Service brake performance in the case of categories O4 (2)

| Test type | 0 | III |
| --- | --- | --- |
| No of sample | | | |
| Annex 12, paragraph: | 2.2.1/3.4.1 (1) | 2.2.3/3.4.3 (1) | |
| Test speed | | | | |
| Initial | km/h | | | |
| Final | km/h | | | |
| Brake chamber pressure pe | kPa | | | |
| Number of applications | — | | | |
| Duration of one brake cycle | s | | | |
| Brake force 0,5Te | daN | | | |
| Braking ratio 0,5Te / 9,81 · m
  (m = Test mass) | — | | | |
| Brake chamber stroke se | mm | | | |
| Threshold torque at the brake lever | | | | |
| Ce | Nm |
| C0,e | Nm |

Test type

0

III

No of sample

Annex 12, paragraph:

2.2.1/3.4.1 (1)

2.2.3/3.4.3 (1)

Test speed

Initial

km/h

Final

km/h

Brake chamber pressure pe

kPa

Number of applications

—

Duration of one brake cycle

s

Brake force 0,5Te

daN

Braking ratio 0,5Te / 9,81 · m

(m = Test mass)

—

Brake chamber stroke se

mm

Threshold torque at the brake lever

Ce

Nm

C0,e

Nm

Free running: ...

4.5.1.5.   Parking brake performance (2): ...

4.5.1.6.   Dynamic friction properties diagram: deceleration vs pressure

4.6.   Integrity tests:

4.6.1.   Thermal fatigue test:

| Sample No | Cycles without damage in accordance with
  Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.2.3
  Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.1.3/4.2.1.2.3 (1) |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | |

Sample No

Cycles without damage in accordance with

Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.2.3

Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.1.3/4.2.1.2.3 (1)

4.6.2.   High load test:

| Sample No | Cycles without damage in accordance with
  Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.2.1.3/4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3
  Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3 (1) |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | |

Sample No

Cycles without damage in accordance with

Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.2.1.3/4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3

Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3 (1)

5.   Test Documents

6.   Appendices

Appendix ...

7.   Date of Test: ...

8.   This test has been carried out and the results reported in accordance with Regulation No 90 as last amended by the 02 series of amendments.

Technical service conducting the test

Signed: ... Date: ...,

---

(1)  Strike out what does not apply.

(2)  If applicable.

---