III 

Calendar No. 401 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 388 

Supporting the goals of International Women’s Day. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 3, 2016 

Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself, Ms. COLLINS, Mrs. BOXER, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. 

MARKEY, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Ms. BALDWIN, Mrs. 

GILLIBRAND, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. KIRK, Ms. 

WARREN, Mr. MURPHY, Ms. CANTWELL, Mr. MENENDEZ, and Mr. 

COONS) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Relations 

MARCH 16, 2016 

Reported by Mr. CORKER, with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 

[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 

RESOLUTION 

Supporting the goals of International Women’s Day. 

Whereas, in March 2016, there are more than 3,640,000,000 

women in the world; 

Whereas women around the world— 

(1) have fundamental rights; 

(2) participate in the political, social, and economic 

lives of their communities; 


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•SRES 388 RS 

(3) play a critical role in providing and caring for 

their families; 

(4) contribute substantially to economic growth and 

the prevention and resolution of conflict; and 

(5) as farmers and caregivers, play an important 

role in the advancement of food security for their communities; 

Whereas the advancement of women around the world is a 

foreign policy priority for the United States; 

Whereas, on July 28, 2015, in Mandela Hall at the African 

Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the President told individuals in Africa— 

(1) ‘‘if you want your country to grow and succeed, 

you have to empower your women. And if you want to 

empower more women, America will be your partner’’; 

and 

(2) ‘‘girls cannot go to school and grow up not 

knowing how to read or write—that denies the world future women engineers, future women doctors, future 

women business owners, future women presidents—that 

sets us all back’’; 

Whereas 2015 marked the 20th anniversary of the adoption 

of the Beijing Declaration at the Fourth World Conference on Women, in September 1995, which reaffirmed— 

(1) the commitment of the international community 

to the full implementation of the rights of women and 

girls as an inalienable, integral, and indivisible part of all 

human rights; and 

(2) that local, regional, national, and global peace is 

attainable and inextricably linked to the advancement of 

women, who are a fundamental force for leadership, conVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:37 Mar 16, 2016 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR388.RS SR388

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flict resolution, and the promotion of lasting peace at all 

levels; 

Whereas 2016 will mark the 5-year anniversary of the establishment of the first United States National Action Plan 

on Women, Peace, and Security, which includes a comprehensive set of commitments by the United States to 

advance the meaningful participation of women in decisionmaking relating to matters of war or peace; 

Whereas the first United States National Action Plan on 

Women, Peace, and Security states that, ‘‘Deadly conflicts can be more effectively avoided, and peace can be 

best forged and sustained, when women become equal 

partners in all aspects of peace-building and conflict prevention, when their lives are protected, their experiences 

considered, and their voices heard.’’; 

Whereas there are 58 national action plans around the world, 

and there are 15 national action plans known to be in development; 

Whereas at the White House Summit on Countering Violent 

Extremism in February 2015, leaders from more than 60 

countries, multilateral bodies, civil society, and private 

sector organizations agreed to a comprehensive action 

agenda against violent extremism that— 

(1) highlights the importance of the inclusion of 

women in countering the threat of violent extremism; and 

(2) notes that ‘‘women are partners in prevention 

and response, as well as agents of change’’; 

Whereas women remain underrepresented in conflict prevention and conflict resolution efforts, despite the proven 

success of women in conflict-affected regions in— 

(1) moderating violent extremism; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

(2) countering terrorism; 

(3) resolving disputes through nonviolent mediation 

and negotiation; and 

(4) stabilizing societies by improving access to peace 

and security— 

(A) services; 

(B) institutions; and 

(C) venues for decisionmaking; 

Whereas peace negotiations are more likely to end in a peace 

agreement when women’s groups play an influential role 

in the negotiation process; 

Whereas studies show that a peace agreement is 35 percent 

more likely to last not less than 15 years if women participate in the development of the peace agreement; 

Whereas according to the Bureau of International Narcotics 

and Law Enforcement Affairs of the Department of 

State, the full and meaningful participation of women in 

security forces vastly enhances the effectiveness of the security forces; 

Whereas, on August 30, 2015, the Secretary of State and the 

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom highlighted, ‘‘our goal must 

be to build societies in which sexual violence is treated— 

legally and by every institution of authority—as the serious and wholly intolerable crime that it is. We have seen 

global campaigns and calls to action draw attention to 

this issue and mobilize governments and organizations to 

act. But transformation requires the active participation 

of men and women everywhere. We must settle for nothing less than a united world saying no to sexual violence 

and yes to justice, fairness and peace.’’; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

Whereas, in 2014— 

(1) 700,000,000 women or girls had been married 

before the age of 18; and 

(2) 250,000,000 women or girls had been married 

before the age of 15; 

Whereas, on October 11, 2013, the President strongly condemned the practice of child marriage; 

Whereas approximately 1⁄4 of girls between the ages of 15 

and 19 are victims of physical violence; 

Whereas it is estimated that 1 in 3 women around the world 

has experienced some form of physical or sexual violence; 

Whereas according to the 2012 report of the United Nations 

Office on Drugs and Crime entitled the ‘‘Global Report 

on Trafficking in Persons’’— 

(1) adult women account for between 55 and 60 percent of all known trafficking victims worldwide; and 

(2) adult women and girls account for approximately 

75 percent of all known trafficking victims worldwide; 

Whereas according to the United Nations, women are subjected to physical or sexual violence, including rape, other 

forms of sexual violence, and human trafficking, as a 

weapon of war; 

Whereas 603,000,000 women live in countries in which domestic violence is not criminalized; 

Whereas, on August 10, 2012, the President announced the 

United States Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-Based Violence Globally, the first interagency strategy to address gender-based violence around the world; 

Whereas, in December 2015, the Department of State released a report on the implementation of the United 

States Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-Based 


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•SRES 388 RS 

Violence Globally that states, ‘‘Addressing GBV is intimately tied to a range of global efforts that address gender equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment, 

whether in peacetime or in the midst of conflict. This includes addressing GBV as part of efforts to raise the status of adolescent girls and through women’s economic 

empowerment activities.’’; 

Whereas the ability of women and girls to realize their full 

potential is critical to the ability of a country to 

achieve— 

(1) strong and lasting economic growth; and 

(2) political and social stability; 

Whereas according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 2⁄3 of the 775,000,000 

illiterate individuals in the world are female; 

Whereas 150,000,000 children currently enrolled in school 

will drop out before completing primary school, not less 

than 100,000,000 of whom are girls; 

Whereas according to the United States Agency for International Development, in comparison with uneducated 

women, educated women are— 

(1) less likely to marry as children; and 

(2) more likely to have healthier families; 

Whereas a goal of the United Nations Millennium Project, to 

eliminate gender disparity in primary education, was 

achieved in most countries not later than 2015, but more 

work remains; 

Whereas gender equality is 1 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted at the United Nations Sustainable 

Development Summit on September 25, 2015; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

Whereas according to the United Nations, women have access 

to fewer income earning opportunities and are more likely 

to manage the household or engage in agricultural work 

than men, making women more vulnerable to economic 

insecurity caused by— 

(1) natural disasters; 

(2) long term changes in weather patterns; or 

(3) environmental degradation; 

Whereas according to the World Bank Group, women own or 

partially own more than 1⁄3 of small- and medium-sized 

enterprises in developing countries, and 40 percent of the 

global workforce is female, but female entrepreneurs and 

employers have disproportionately less access to capital 

and other financial services than men; 

Whereas in the United States, women account for 45 percent 

of the overall labor force of companies included in the 

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, and 37 percent of the first 

or mid-level officials and managers in those companies 

are women, but— 

(1) only 25 percent of the executive and senior level 

officials and managers in those companies are women; 

(2) women only hold 19 percent of the seats on the 

boards of those companies; and 

(3) only 4.6 percent of the Chief Executive Officers 

of those companies are women; 

Whereas globally women earn an average of 24 percent less 

than men; 

Whereas despite the achievements of individual female leaders— 

(1) women around the world remain vastly underrepresented in— 

(A) high-level positions; and 


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•SRES 388 RS 

(B) national and local legislatures and governments; 

and 

(2) according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 

women account for only 22 percent of national parliamentarians and 17.7 percent of government ministers; 

Whereas according to the World Health Organization, during 

the period beginning in 1990 and ending in 2015, global 

maternal mortality decreased by approximately 44 percent, but approximately 830 women die from preventable 

causes relating to pregnancy or childbirth each day, and 

99 percent of all maternal deaths occur in developing 

countries; 

Whereas a target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on September 25, 2015, is to reduce 

global maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths for every 

100,000 live births not later than 2030; 

Whereas according to the World Health Organization— 

(1) suicide is the leading cause of death for girls between the ages of 15 and 19; and 

(2) complications from pregnancy or childbirth is the 

second-leading cause of death for those girls; 

Whereas the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports that approximately 1⁄2 of— 

(1) refugees and internally displaced or stateless individuals are women; and 

(2) the 59,500,000 displaced individuals in the world 

are women; 

Whereas it is imperative— 

(1) to alleviate violence and discrimination against 

women; and 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

(2) to afford women every opportunity to be full and 

productive members of their communities; 

Whereas, on October 10, 2014, Malala Yousafzai became the 

youngest ever Nobel Peace Prize laureate for her work 

promoting the access of girls to education; and 

Whereas March 8, 2016, is recognized as International Women’s Day, a global day— 

(1) to celebrate the economic, political, and social 

achievements of women in the past, present, and future; 

and 

(2) to recognize the obstacles that women face in the 

struggle for equal rights and opportunities: Now, therefore, be it 

Whereas, in March 2016, there are more than 3,640,000,000 

women in the world; 

Whereas women around the world— 

(1) have fundamental rights; 

(2) participate in the political, social, and economic 

lives of their communities; 

(3) play a critical role in providing and caring for 

their families; 

(4) contribute substantially to economic growth and 

the prevention and resolution of conflict; and 

(5) as farmers and caregivers, play an important role 

in the advancement of food security for their communities; 

Whereas the advancement of women around the world is a foreign policy priority for the United States; 

Whereas, on July 28, 2015, in Mandela Hall at the African 

Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the President told individuals in Africa— 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

(1) ‘‘if you want your country to grow and succeed, 

you have to empower your women. And if you want to empower more women, America will be your partner’’; and 

(2) ‘‘girls cannot go to school and grow up not knowing how to read or write—that denies the world future 

women engineers, future women doctors, future women 

business owners, future women presidents—that sets us all 

back’’; 

Whereas 2015 marked the 20th anniversary of the Fourth 

World Conference on Women, where 189 countries committed to integrating gender equality into each dimension 

of society; 

Whereas 2016 will mark the 5-year anniversary of the establishment of the first United States National Action Plan 

on Women, Peace, and Security, which includes a comprehensive set of commitments by the United States to advance the meaningful participation of women in decisionmaking relating to matters of war or peace; 

Whereas the first United States National Action Plan on 

Women, Peace, and Security states that, ‘‘Deadly conflicts 

can be more effectively avoided, and peace can be best 

forged and sustained, when women become equal partners 

in all aspects of peace-building and conflict prevention, 

when their lives are protected, their experiences considered, 

and their voices heard.’’; 

Whereas there are 58 national action plans around the world, 

and there are 15 national action plans known to be in development; 

Whereas at the White House Summit on Countering Violent 

Extremism in February 2015, leaders from more than 60 

countries, multilateral bodies, civil society, and private 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
11 

•SRES 388 RS 

sector organizations agreed to a comprehensive action 

agenda against violent extremism that— 

(1) highlights the importance of the inclusion of 

women in countering the threat of violent extremism; and 

(2) notes that ‘‘women are partners in prevention and 

response, as well as agents of change’’; 

Whereas women remain underrepresented in conflict prevention and conflict resolution efforts, despite the proven success of women in conflict-affected regions in— 

(1) moderating violent extremism; 

(2) countering terrorism; 

(3) resolving disputes through nonviolent mediation 

and negotiation; and 

(4) stabilizing societies by improving access to peace 

and security— 

(A) services; 

(B) institutions; and 

(C) venues for decisionmaking; 

Whereas according to the United Nations, peace negotiations 

are more likely to end in a peace agreement when women’s 

groups play an influential role in the negotiation process; 

Whereas according to a study by the International Peace Institute, a peace agreement is 35 percent more likely to last 

at least 15 years if women participate in the development 

of the peace agreement; 

Whereas according to the Bureau of International Narcotics 

and Law Enforcement Affairs of the Department of State, 

the full and meaningful participation of women in security forces vastly enhances the effectiveness of the security 

forces; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
12 

•SRES 388 RS 

Whereas, on August 30, 2015, the Secretary of State and the 

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 

of the United Kingdom highlighted, ‘‘our goal must be to 

build societies in which sexual violence is treated—legally 

and by every institution of authority—as the serious and 

wholly intolerable crime that it is. We have seen global 

campaigns and calls to action draw attention to this issue 

and mobilize governments and organizations to act. But 

transformation requires the active participation of men 

and women everywhere. We must settle for nothing less 

than a united world saying no to sexual violence and yes 

to justice, fairness and peace.’’; 

Whereas according to the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘UNICEF’’), 

in 2014— 

(1) 700,000,000 women or girls had been married before the age of 18; and 

(2) 250,000,000 women or girls had been married before the age of 15; 

Whereas, on October 11, 2013, the President strongly condemned the practice of child marriage; 

Whereas according to UNICEF— 

(1) approximately 1⁄4 of girls between the ages of 15 

and 19 are victims of physical violence; and 

(2) it is estimated that 1 in 3 women around the 

world has experienced some form of physical or sexual violence; 

Whereas according to the 2012 report of the United Nations 

Office on Drugs and Crime entitled the ‘‘Global Report on 

Trafficking in Persons’’— 

(1) adult women account for between 55 and 60 percent of all known trafficking victims worldwide; and 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

(2) adult women and girls account for approximately 

75 percent of all known trafficking victims worldwide; 

Whereas women in conflict zones are subjected to physical or 

sexual violence, including rape, other forms of sexual violence, and human trafficking; 

Whereas 603,000,000 women live in countries in which domestic violence is not criminalized; 

Whereas, on August 10, 2012, the President announced the 

United States Strategy to Prevent and Respond to GenderBased Violence Globally, the first interagency strategy to 

address gender-based violence around the world; 

Whereas, in December 2015, the Department of State released 

a report on the implementation of the United States Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-Based Violence 

Globally that states, ‘‘Addressing GBV is intimately tied 

to a range of global efforts that address gender equality 

and women’s and girls’ empowerment, whether in peacetime or in the midst of conflict. This includes addressing 

GBV as part of efforts to raise the status of adolescent girls 

and through women’s economic empowerment activities.’’; 

Whereas the ability of women and girls to realize their full potential is critical to the ability of a country to achieve— 

(1) strong and lasting economic growth; and 

(2) political and social stability; 

Whereas according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 2⁄3 of the 775,000,000 

illiterate individuals in the world are female; 

Whereas according to the World Bank Group, 150,000,000 children currently enrolled in school will drop out before completing primary school, not less than 100,000,000 of whom 

are girls; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

Whereas according to the United States Agency for International Development, in comparison with uneducated 

women, educated women are— 

(1) less likely to marry as children; and 

(2) more likely to have healthier families; 

Whereas the goal of the United Nations Millennium Project to 

eliminate gender disparity in primary education was 

reached in most countries by 2015, but more work remains 

to achieve gender equality in primary education worldwide; 

Whereas in September 2015 world leaders rededicated themselves to ending discrimination against women and girls 

and advancing equality for women worldwide; 

Whereas according to the United Nations, women have access 

to fewer income earning opportunities and are more likely 

to manage the household or engage in agricultural work 

than men, making women more vulnerable to economic insecurity caused by— 

(1) natural disasters; or 

(2) long term changes in weather patterns; 

Whereas according to the World Bank Group, women own or 

partially own more than 1⁄3 of small- and medium-sized 

enterprises in developing countries, and 40 percent of the 

global workforce is female, but female entrepreneurs and 

employers have disproportionately less access to capital 

and other financial services than men; 

Whereas according to the United Nations, women earn less 

than men globally; 

Whereas despite the achievements of individual female leaders— 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 388 RS 

(1) women around the world remain vastly underrepresented in— 

(A) high-level positions; and 

(B) national and local legislatures and governments; and 

(2) according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 

women account for only 22 percent of national parliamentarians and 17.7 percent of government ministers; 

Whereas according to the World Health Organization, during 

the period beginning in 1990 and ending in 2015, global 

maternal mortality decreased by approximately 44 percent, but approximately 830 women die from preventable 

causes relating to pregnancy or childbirth each day, and 

99 percent of all maternal deaths occur in developing 

countries; 

Whereas according to the World Health Organization— 

(1) suicide is the leading cause of death for girls between the ages of 15 and 19; and 

(2) complications from pregnancy or childbirth is the 

second-leading cause of death for those girls; 

Whereas the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner 

for Refugees reports that approximately 1⁄2 of— 

(1) refugees and internally displaced or stateless individuals are women; and 

(2) the 59,500,000 displaced individuals in the world 

are women; 

Whereas it is imperative— 

(1) to alleviate violence and discrimination against 

women; and 

(2) to afford women every opportunity to be full and 

productive members of their communities; 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
16 

•SRES 388 RS 

Whereas, on October 10, 2014, Malala Yousafzai became the 

youngest ever Nobel Peace Prize laureate for her work promoting the access of girls to education; and 

Whereas March 8, 2016, is recognized as International Women’s Day, a global day— 

(1) to celebrate the economic, political, and social 

achievements of women in the past, present, and future; 

and 

(2) to recognize the obstacles that women face in the 

struggle for equal rights and opportunities: Now, therefore, 

be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) supports the goals of International Women’s 

3 Day; 

4 (2) recognizes that the empowerment of women 

5 is inextricably linked to the potential of a country to 

6 generate— 

7 (A) economic growth; 

8 (B) sustainable democracy; and 

9 (C) inclusive security; 

10 (3) recognizes and honors individuals in the 

11 United States and around the world, including 

12 women human rights defenders and civil society 

13 leaders, that have worked throughout history to en14 sure that women are guaranteed equality and basic 

15 human rights; 

16 (4) reaffirms the commitment— 


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1 (A) to end discrimination and violence 

2 against women and girls; 

3 (B) to ensure the safety and welfare of 

4 women and girls; 

5 (C) to pursue policies that guarantee the 

6 basic human rights of women and girls world7 wide; and 

8 (D) to promote meaningful and significant 

9 participation of women in every aspect of soci10 ety and community; 

11 (5) supports inclusive, sustainable development, 

12 including through the promotion of the access of 

13 women to each tool, skill, and bargaining power 

14 needed— 

15 (A) to promote peace and stability in soci16 ety; 

17 (B) to sustain long-term economic pros18 perity; and 

19 (C) to achieve gender equality and the em20 powerment of women; and 

21 (6) encourages the people of the United States 

22 to observe International Women’s Day with appro23 priate programs and activities. 

24 That the Senate— 


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•SRES 388 RS 

1 (1) supports the goals of International Women’s 

2 Day; 

3 (2) recognizes that the empowerment of women is 

4 inextricably linked to the potential of a country to 

5 generate— 

6 (A) economic growth; 

7 (B) sustainable democracy; and 

8 (C) inclusive security; 

9 (3) recognizes and honors individuals in the 

10 United States and around the world, including 

11 women human rights defenders and civil society lead12 ers, that have worked throughout history to ensure 

13 that women are guaranteed equality and basic human 

14 rights; 

15 (4) reaffirms the commitment— 

16 (A) to end discrimination and violence 

17 against women and girls; 

18 (B) to ensure the safety and welfare of 

19 women and girls; 

20 (C) to pursue policies that guarantee the 

21 basic human rights of women and girls world22 wide; and 

23 (D) to promote meaningful and significant 

24 participation of women in every aspect of society 

25 and community; 


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•SRES 388 RS 

1 (5) supports sustainable, measurable, and global 

2 development that seeks to achieve gender equality and 

3 the empowerment of women; and 

4 (6) encourages the people of the United States to 

5 observe International Women’s Day with appropriate 

6 programs and activities. 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
Calendar No. 401 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 388 

RESOLUTION 

Supporting the goals of International Women’s 

Day. 

MARCH 16, 2016 

Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 


asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS