P. 1



# OAR Box 

# 1338 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 1)11-1- 1 Docket Number: 

# A-89-1 0

Printed 6/17/2008 1:48:05 PM

Sheet 1 of 105P. 2 

# oft?*.** * A-89-1 0 ,^&^#Anniversar y II-I- I e o 5 P OR " T I o M P.O

. Bo x 20108 8
DC N 89-259-038-0 2 RC N 259-038-05-0 1

FIEL D STUDY : ESTIMATIN

G FUGITIV

E EMISSIONS FRO

M THE ETHYLEN

E OXIDE PRODUCTIO

N INDUSTR

Y FINA L REPORT Austin , T X 78720-108 8 (512)454-479 7 

# K.M B 0 ff 

# i W l 14100 1 ' d •<. ' ' ' " •""" ^ -* Tf O.f ) i 'A \r\r\\ >l'' ; i i .



### Prepare dfor : Th e Ethylen

e Oxid e Industr

y Counci l o f th e Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n

Prepare d by : Joh nRandal l Graha m Harri s Sharo nWevil l Radia nCorporatio

n Austin , Texa s

Apri l 198 9P. 3

TABL E OF CONTENT S Pag e Glossar y x 1. 0 EXECUTIV

E SUMMAR

Y: . 1- 1 2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N AN D OVERVIE

W 2- 1 2. 1 Definitio

no f Fugitiv

e Emission s 2- 1 2. 2 Critica l Studie s o f Fugitiv e Emission s 2- 2 2. 3 Previou s an

d Impendin

g Concer

nwit hFugitiv

e Emission s 2- 3 3. 0 ETHYLEN

E OXID E PRODUCTIO

N AN D US E 3- 1 3. 1 Ethylen

e Oxide : Th

e Chemica l 3- 1 3. 2 Overvie

w o f Productio

nan d Us e 3- 1 3.2. 1 Air-Based Oxidatio n3- 2 3.2. 2 Oxygen-Based Oxidatio n3- 4 3. 3 Productio

nan d Us e 3- 8 4. 0 MONITORIN G APPROACH 4- 1 4. 1 Overvie

w o f Method s Used t

o Estimat e Fugitiv

e Emission s 4- 1 4.1. 1 SOCM I Average Emissio nFactor 4- 3 4.1. 2 Screenin

g Tes t 4- 3 4.1. 3 Leak/N

o Leak Metho

d 4- 4 4.1. 4 Stratified Method 4- 4 4.1. 5 Correlatio

nEquation s 4- 6 4.1. 6 Baggin

g 4- 8 4.1. 7 Curren t Stud y 4- 9 4. 2 Screenin

g Technique s 4-1 0 4. 3 Calibratio

n4-1 1 4. 4 Screenin

g Protoco l 4-1 2



### i iP. 4

TABL E O F CONTENT S (Continued )

4. 5 E O Workbook 4-1 3 4.5. 1 Ethylen

e Oxid e Screenin

g Surve y Repor t Form... . 4-1 4 4.5. 2 Calibratio

n Dat a Shee t fo

r Ethylen

e Oxid e Screenin

g 4-1 7 4.5. 3 Drif t Tes t Dat a Shee t fo r Ethylen

e Oxid e Screenin

g 4-1 8 4. 6 Quality

Contro l Result s 4-1 8 5. 0 DAT

A ANALYSIS . 5- 1 5. 1 Convertin

g Ra w OV A Value s to EO-Specifi c Emissio n Estimate s 5- 1 5. 2 Summar

y o f Component s Studie d 5- 9 5. 3 Emission s B

y Component Typ

e an d Servic e Categor

y 5-2 0 5.3. 1 Valve s i n Liqui d Servic e 5-2 8 5.3.1. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-2 8 5.3.1. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-3 3 5.3.1. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-3 3 5.3.1. 4 Summar

y 5-3 8 5.3. 2 Valve s in Ga s Servic e 5-3 9 5.3.2. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-3 9 5.3.2. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-4 3 5.3.2. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-4 3 5.3.2. 4 Summar

y 5-4 9 5.3. 3 Flange s 5-5 0 5.3.3. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-5 0 5.3.3. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-5 4 5.3.3. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-5 4 5.3.3. 4 Summar

y 5-6 0 5.3. 4 Open-Ended Line s 5-6 0 5.3.4. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-6 0 5.3.4. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-6 4 5.3.4. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-6 4 5.3.4. 4 Summar

y 5-6 9 5.3. 5 Pumps. . 5-6 9 5.3.5. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-6 9 5.3.5. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-7 4 5.3.5. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-7 4 5.3.5. 4 Summar

y 5-7 9



### Ii iP. 5

TABL E O F CONTENT S (Continued ) Pag e 5.3. 6 Safet

y Valve s 5-7 9 5.3.6. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-8 1 5.3.6. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s 5-8 1 5.3.6. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-8 1 5.3.6. 4 Summar

y 5-8 8 5.3. 7 Seale

d Flange s 5-8 8 5.3.7. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-8 8 5.3.7. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s 5-8 8 5.3.7. 3 Plant-Specifi c analysi s 5-9 0 5.3.7. 4 Summar

y 5-9 0 5.3. 8 Sampl e Point s 5-9 3 5.3. 9 Compressor s 5-9 3 5. 4 Baggin

g Study . 5-9 8

6. 0 ETHYLEN

E OXIDE WOR

KPRACTICES , OPERATIN G PROCEDURES , AN

D DESIG N GUIDELINE S 6- 1

7. 0 REFERENCE S 7- 1

APPENDI X1 APPENDI X2 APPENDI X3 APPENDI X4 EP

A METHO D 2 1 ETHYLEN E OXIDE FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N MONITORIN

G PROTOCOL INDIVIDUA

L PLAN T SUMMAR

YDAT A TABLE S EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N SURVE Y



### i vLIS T O F FIGURE S Pag e 1- 1 Location s o f Ethylen e Oxid e Productio

nFacilitie s 1- 4 1- 2 E

O Productio

nFacilities : Distributio no f Component s b

y Screenin

g Value s 1- 6 1- 3 Compariso

no f Leak Frequencies : E O Productio

nFacilitie s Versu s SOCM I 24-Uni t Stud

y 1- 7 1- 4 E

O Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Contributio no f Fiv

e Larges t Sourc e Categorie s t

o Tota l Fugitiv

e Emission s Fro

m E O Productio

n Facilitie s Usin

g E O Emissio

nFactor s 1-1 2 1- 5 Ethylen

e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Contributio no f Fiv

e Larges t Sourc e Categorie s t o Tota l Fugitiv

e Emission s Fro

m E O Productio

n Facilitie s Usin

g E O or SOCM I Fugitiv

e Emissio

n Factor s 1-1 4 3- 1 Schemati c o f Air-Based Direc t Oxidatio nProces s for th

e Productio

no f Ethylen

e Oxid e 3- 3 3- 2 Schemati c for Oxygen-Based Direc t Oxidatio nfo r Productio

no f Ethylen e Oxid e 3- 6 4- 1 Overvie

w o f Fugitiv

e Emissio

nEstimatio

n4- 2 4- 2 Exampl e Screenin g Dat a Repor t For

m 4-1 5 4- 3 Exampl e Calibratio nReportin

g For m 4-1 9 4- 4 Exampl e Drif t Tes t Repor t Form . 4-2 0 5- 1 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : E

O Productio

nFacilitie s Distributio

no f Component s Sample d 5-1 1 5- 2 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : E

O Productio

nFacilitie s Distributio

no f Equipmen t b

y E O Concentratio

ninLin

e 5-1 3 5- 3 E

O Productio

nFacilities : Distributio no f Component s b

y Screenin

g Value 5-1 6 5- 4 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Al l Liqui d Valve s 5-3 0 5- 5 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Liqui d Valve s b

y E O Concentratio

n5-3 1 5- 6 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f Liqui d Valve s Sample d b y E O Concentratio

n5-3 2- EJ

— i

LIS T OF FIGURE S (Continued ) Pag e 5- 7 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

nFactor s t o E O Concentration s Usin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s for Valve s inLiqui d Servic e 5-3 5 5- 8 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Differen t Calculatio nApproache s Average Emissio nFactor s fo

r Valve s i nLiqui d Servic e 5-3 7 5- 9 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r al l Ga s Valve s 5-4 0 5-1 0 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Screenin

g Value s fo

r Ga s Valve s b

y E O Concentratio

n5-4 2 5-1 1 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Ga s Valve s Sample d b y E O Concentratio

nal l Component s an d "Leakers " 5-4 4 5-1 2 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Compariso

no f Emissio

nFactor s To E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo r Valve s inGa s Servic e 5-4 6 5-1 3 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Compariso

nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Studie

d Using . Differen t Calculatio nApproache s Averag e Emissio nFactor s fo

r Valve s inGa s Servic e 5-4 8 5-1 4 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Screenin

g Value s for al l Flange s b y E O Concentratio

n5-5 1 5-1 5 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Screenin

g Value s fo

r Flange s b

y E O Concentratio

n5-5 3 5-1 6 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Compariso

no f Emissio

nFactor s t o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Fo r Flange s 5-5 5 5-1 7 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

nFactor s t o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo r Flange s 5-5 7 5-1 8 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Averag e Emissio nFactor s For Flange s 5-5 9 5-1 9 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Al l Open-Ended Line s 5-6 1 5-2 0 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f Open-Ended Line s Sample

d b y E O Concentratio

n5-6 3



### v iP. 8

LIS T OF FIGURE S (Continued ) Page 5-2 1 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

n Factor s t

o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo

r Open-Ended Line s 5-6 6 5-2 2 EOIC/EP

A Emission s Study : Compariso nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Sample d Usin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Averag e Emissio nFactor s fo

r Open-Ended Lines . 5-6 8 5-2 3 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Al l Pumps 5-7 0 5-2 4 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Pump s b

y E O Concentratio

n5-7 2 5-2 5 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f Pump s Sample d b y E O Concentration : Al l Component s an d "Leakers " 5-7 3 5-2 6 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

nFactor s t o E O Concentratio

n Usin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo r Pump s 5-7 6 5-2 7 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Studied Using Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Averag e Emissio nFactor s for Pump s 5-7 8 5-2 8 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f Safet

y Relie f Valve s Sample

d b y E O Concentratio

n5-8 0 5-2 9 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s for Al l Safet y Valve s 5-8 3 5-3 0 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

nFactor s t o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Fo r Safety Relie f Valve s 5-8 5 5-3 1 EOIC/EP

A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nBetweenTwelv

e Plant s Sample

d Usin g Differen t Calculatio nApproache s Averag e Emissio nFactor s fo

r Safet y Relie f Valve s 5-8 7



### vi iP. 9

LIS T OF TABLE S Pag e 1- 1 Ethylen

e Oxide Productio

nPlant s 1- 3 1- 2 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r E O Productio

nFacilitie s Compare d Wit h Averag e SOCM I Factor s (lb/hr/source ) 1- 9 1- 3 Summar

y o f Nameplat e Capacity an d Estimate

d E O Fugitiv

e Emission s Fro m E O Productio

nFacilitie s 1-1 1 3- 1 Range s o f Reactio nSyste m Variable s inth

e Direc t Ai r Oxidatio n o f Ethylen

e Oxide 3- 5 3- 2 Range s o f ReactionSyste m Variabl e i nth

e Direc t Oxygen-OxIdatio n
o f Ethylen

e Oxid e 3- 7 4- 1 EP

A Emissio

nFactor s inlb/hr/sourc e 4- 5 4- 2 Fugitiv

e Emission s Correlatio nEquation s 4- 7 4- 3 Summar

y o f Calibratio

nan d Drif t Tes t Result s 4-2 1 5- 1 Organi c Solven t an d Respons e Factor s 5- 3 5- 2 Summar

y o f E O Component s Studie d 5-1 0 5- 3 Distributio

no f Component s b

y E O Concentratio

n5-1 2 5- 4 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plant s an

d Al l Component s 5-1 5 5- 5 Distributio

no f Component s b

y Fla w OV A ScreenValue fo

r al l Plant s Al l Component s an

d Al l E O Concentration s 5-1 7 5- 6 Summar

y o f Estimated Ethylen e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s For Al l Plants : Emissio nFactor Estimate s for Al l Components.. . .5-1 9 5- 7 Compariso

no f OV A Scree nValue s fro

m thi s E O Stud y wit hthos e Estimated Fro

m SOCM I Factor s 5-2 1 5- 8 Summar

y o f Estimated Ethylen e Oxide Fugitiv

e Emission s Factor s Fo r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s fo r Component s wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetweenI

Xan d 2X 5-2 2 5- 9 Summar

y o f Estimated Ethylen e Oxide Fugitiv

e Emission s Factor s For Al l Participatin g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s fo r Component s wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetween2X

an d 5 Z 5-2 3

vii iP.1 0

LIS T O F TABLE S (Continued ) 

### £&£ £ 5-1 0 Summar

y o f Estimated Ethylen e Oxide Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s For Al l Participatin g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s Fo r Component s Wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetween5

Xan d 10 Z 5-2 4 5-1 1 Summar

y o f Estimate

d Ethylen

e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s Fo r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s fo r Component s wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetween10Xan

d 50 X5-2 5 5-1 2 Summar

y o f Estimate

d Ethylen

e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s fo r Component s wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetween50Xan

d 95X5-2 6 5-1 3 Summar

y o f Estimate

d Ethylen

e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emission s Factor s For Al l Participatin g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s For Component s wit hE

O Concentratio

nBetween95

Xan d 100X5-2 7 5-1 4 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

nFor Valve s i n Liqui d Servic e 5-2 9 5-1 5 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFactor Estimate s for Valve s i nLiqui d Servic e 5-3 4 5-1 6 Compariso

no f Mea nEmissio

nFactor s for Valve s i nLiqui d Servic e For Eac hPlant 5-3 6 5-1 7 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

nfo r Valve s i nGa s Servic e 5-4 1 5-1 8 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFacto r Estimate s for Valve s inGa s Servic e 5-4 5 5-1 9 Compariso

no f MeanEmissio

nFactor s for Valve s i nGa s Servic e for EachPlan t 5-4 7 5-2 0 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n for Flange s 5-5 2 5-2 1 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFactor Estimate s for Flange s 5-5 6 5-2 2 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Flange s fo

r Eac hPlant MeanEmissio n Facto r (Al l Valve s i nlb/hr/source ) 5-5 8 5-2 3 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n fo r Open-ended Line s 5-6 2



### i xP.1 1

LIS T O F TABLE S (Continued ) Pag e 5-2 4 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFActor Estimate s fo r Open-ended Lines. . 5-6 5 5-2 5 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Open-ended Line s fo r Eac hPlant Mean Emissio nFactor Usin

g th e Metho d Liste d (lb/hr ) 5-6 7 5-2 6 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n for Pump s 5-7 1 5-2 7 Distributio

no f Estimated Fugitiv e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFactor Estimate s fo r Pump s 5-7 5 5-2 8 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Pump s fo

r Eac hPlant : MeanEmissio n Facto r Usin

g th e Method Listed (lb/hr ) 5-7 7 5-2 9 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n fo r Safet y Valve s 5-8 2 5-3 0 Summar

y o f Estimate

d Ethylen

e Oxide Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s fo r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nFactor Estimate s fo r Safety Valve s 5-8 4 5-3 1 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Safet y Valve s fo

r Eac hPlant : Mean Emissio nFactor Usin

g th e Metho d Liste d (lb/hr ) 5-86 . 5-3 2 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n fo r Seale d Flange s : 5-8 9 5-3 3 Distributio

no f Estimated Fugitiv e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentratio

nEmission : Factor Estimate s fo r Seale d Flange s 5-9 1 5-3 4 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Seale d Flange s fo

r Eac hPlant : Mean Emissio n Facto r Usin

g th e Method Listed (lb/hr ) 5-9 2 5-3 5 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n fo r Sampl e Point s 5-9 4 5-3 6 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFacto r Estimate s for Sampl e Point s 5-9 5 5-3 7 Distributio

no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y E O Concentratio

n fo r Compressor s 5-9 6 5-3 8 Distributio

no f Estimate

d Fugitiv

e Emissio

nFactor s b

y E O Concentration : Emissio nFactor Estimate s fo r Compressor s 5-9 7 5-3 9 Summar

y o f Ethylen

e Oxid e Defaul t Zero Baggin g Stud y Results... . 5-10 0P.1 2



### GLOSSAR Y

CM A Component
Correlatio

nEquatio

n

Defaul t Zero Emissio n Factor Defaul t Zero Screenin

g Value

EOI C

EP A Emissio n Facto r

Heav y Liqui d Hig hEmitter s

Leak Definitio

n

Leak Rat e Leakin g Emissio

n Factor
Leakin g Sourc e Light Liqui d Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n A specifi c piec e o f proces s equipmen t suc ha s a valve , flange , pump , compressor , safet y relie f valve , etc . Th e equatio

nneede d t o conver t screenin

g value s t

o mas s emissio

nfactors : developed b y EP A fro m fiel d dat a obtaine

d durin g variou s fugitiv

e emissio

n studies . Th e emissio

nfactor associate

d wit ha zero screenin g value . Th e screenin

g value bac k calculated fro m th e zer o emissio nfactor defaul t usin g th e appropriat e correlatio

nequation . Ethylen e Oxide Industr

y Counci l • a specia l progra m pane l o f th

e CM A consistin

g o f representative s fro m producer s an

d user s o f ethylen

e oxide . United State s Environmenta l Protectio nAgency Th e pe r component mas s emissio nrat e applicabl e t o population s o f sources , no t individua l component measurements . A proces s liqui d wit ha vapo r pressur e < 0.0 4 psi a a t 20'C . Component s wit hscreenin g value s between1,00 0 an d 9,99 9 ppm . Th e monitorin

g instrument readin g selecte

d a s th e trigge r value fo

r beginnin

g som e action , suc

ha s maintenance ; e.g. , 10,00 0 ppm v i s th e lea k definitio

n used b y EPA . See Mas s Emissio

nRate . Th e pe r component mas s emissio nrat e associated wit h th e populatio

no f source s wit hscreenin g value s at o

r abov e th e lea k definition . A sourc e whos e screenin g value i s greate r tha nor equa l to 10,00 0 ppmv . A proces s liqui d wit ha vapo r pressur e £0.0 4 psi a at 20 ° C .



### x

iP.1 3

Lo w Emitter s

Mas s Emissio

nRat e Component s wit hscreenin g value s between10 0 an d 99 9 ppm . Th e quantity

o f volatil e organi c compound(s ) release d to th e atmospher e i nterm s o f tota l mas s pe r uni t time . Monitorin

g Instrumen t
Non-emittin

g Sourc e Screenin

g Value

SOCM I SOCM I Factor s Portabl e hydrocarbo nanalyze r meetin

g th e performanc e specification s give ninMetho

d 21 . A sourc e whos e screenin g value i s les s tha n1 0 ppm . Monitorin

g instrument readin g generall y

givenin concentratio

nunits ; e.g. , ppmv . " * Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industries . Fugitiv e emissio

nfactor s develope

d b y EP A fo r SOCM I i n 1983 . Ver y Lo w Emitter s Weighted Averag e Component s wit hscreenin g value s between1 0 an d 9 9 ppm . Th e value fo

r eac hethylen

e oxid e concentratio

nrange "weighted " b

y th e numbe r o f component s intha t range . Th e tota l numbe r o f component s inth e screenin

g value range expresse

d a s a percentag e o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s i nal l ranges .



### xi iP. M

1. 0 EXECUTIV

E SUMMAR

Y

Th e Ethylen

e Oxide Industr

y Counci l (EOIC ) initiate d thi s stud

y in respons e to tw

o recent developments . Th e firs t wa s passage o f th e Superfun

d Amendment s Reauthorizatio nAc t (SARA ) Titl e III , whichrequire d certai n manufacturers , processors , an d user s o f ethylen

e oxid e (EO ) an

d 30 0 othe r chemical s t o annuall y repor t an

y release s o f thes e chemical s t o th e environment , includin g ai r emission s fro m fugitiv

e an d poin t sources . Th e secon d influencin

g developmen t wa s th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency' s (EPA ) announcemen t tha t the y wer e considerin

g establishin

g a Nationa l Emissio n Standar d fo r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (NESHAP ) fo r a grou

p o f compounds , includin

g EO .
Th e EOI C believe s tha t th e result s o f th

e presen t stud

y ca nb e used t o provide a bette r industry-wid e estimat e o f fugitiv e emission s fro

m ethylen

e oxid e (EO ) productio

nfacilities . Whenoriginall y estimatin

g ai r emission s o f ethylen e oxide for th

e NESHA P regulation , th

e EP A concluded tha t a substantia l fractio nwa s associated wit hfugitiv e emissions . Thes e fugitiv e emissio

n estimate s wer e generated fro m factor s developed fo r refinerie s (1 ) an d fo r th e entir e Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industr

y (SOCMI ) (2,3) . Thes e estimate s hav

e bee nacknowledged to b e inappropriat e for E O becaus e the

y overstat e E

O fugitiv

e emissions . Bot hth e EOI C an

d EP A believed tha t a regulatio

ndesigne

d to protec t th

e publi c healt hshoul d b e based o

nth e bes t scientifically - supportabl e estimate s o f emission s an d tha t suc

hestimate s coul d onl y

com e fro m a complet e industry-wid e survey . EP

A prepared a draf t protoco l (see Appendi x2 ) tha t coul d b e used to estimat e th e emission s o f a specifi c chemica l resultin g fro m equipmen t leak s i na specifi c proces s unit . Fugitiv e emission s are a categor y o f emission s tha t represen t lowleve l volatil e organi c compoun d (VOC ) emission s tha t resul t fro m leak s o f proces s flui d (either gaseou s or liquid ) fro m plan t equipmen t suc ha s valves , flanges , pumps , safety valves , an

d compressors . Becaus e a typica l chemica l proces s uni t ma

y contai nthousand s o f piece s o f suc hequipment , fugitiv e emission s mus t be considered inan y complet e emissio

nassessment .



### 1- 1P.1 5

Previou s studie s funde d b y th e U S EP A hav e focuse

d o nfugitiv

e emission s fro

m refinerie s (1 ) an

d SOCM I (2,3) . Althoug hoftencriticized becaus e o f thei r hig hpredictio

no f emission s fo

r man y organi c processes , th e SOCM I fugitiv

e emission s factor s continue to b e widel y used b y th e EP A i n promulgatin

g Ne w Sourc e Performanc e Standard s (NSPS) , inContro l Technolog y Guideline s (CTG ) fo r bot hth

e refinin

g an d th e organi c chemica l industries , an d inNESHAP s fo

r specifi c hazardou s ai r pollutants .

I n Decembe r o f 1987 , member s o f th e EOIC , incooperatio nwit hth

e EPA , decided t

o conduc t fugitiv

e emission s testin

g a t al l th

e E O productio

n facilitie s inth

e United States . Th e EOI C contracte

d RadianCorporatio nt o develo p th e testin

g procedures , overse e th e testin

g effor t conducted b y member companies , analyz e th e data , an

d generat e thi s fina l report .
Th e 1 2 participant s inthi s stud y (se e Tabl e 1- 1 an

d Figur e 1-1 ) include d al l domesti c producer s o f ethylen e oxid e inoperatio

nat th e tim e o f th e study . Th

e unit s wer e sample d durin g differen t stage s o f thei r operatin g an d maintenanc e cycles . Som e unit s wer e screene d jus t befor e a maintenanc e shutdown , som

e wer e screene

d jus t afte r completio no f a leak-detectio n an d repai r program , an

d som e wer e screene

d jus t afte r startu p followin

g a scheduled maintenanc e shutdown . Ther e wer e no specia l maintenanc e procedure s performed prio r to or durin g thi s study . Th

e EOI C believe s tha t th e average E O emissio

nfactor s generated inth e 198 8 stud

y an d summarize

d inthi s report , are mor e representativ e o f th e fugitiv

e emission s o f th

e tota l E

O production , industr y tha nthos e estimate

d previousl y

usin g average SOCM I factors .

Screenin

g dat a wer e obtaine d fro m eac ho f th e twelv e productio

n facilitie s involve

d i nth e study . A

tota l o f 18,22 7 component s wer e include d inth e dat a submitted , o f which66 4 (les s tha n4 percent ) wer e liste d a s inaccessible . O f th e 17,56 3 component s fo r whichscreenin

g dat a wer e received , 4 7 percen t wer e valve s i nliqui d service , 1 9 percen t wer e valve s in ga s service , 2 7 percen t wer e flanges , seale d flanges , or connectors , an d 4 percen t wer e open-ended lines . Th e remainin

g component s sample d ( 2 percent )

1- 2P.1 6

TABL E 1-1 . ETHYLEN E OXIDE PRODUCTIO

N PLANT S
Produce r Locatio n


### 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . Shel l Chemica l Hoechst-Celanes e PD Glyco l (CAIN ) Do w Chemica l UnionCarbid

e Union Carbid

e Cai n Chemica l Quantu m Texa s Eastma

n Su n R& M BAS F Texac o Chemica l Geismar , L A Clear Lake , TX Beaumont , TX Plaquemine , L

A Seadrift , TX Taft , L A Bayport , TX Morris , I L Longview , TX Claymont , DE Geismar , L

A Por t Neches , T X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMMA R1988 ,



### 1- 3I


# V i 5 . - 

# 12^V * 1,4,6,1 1

Figur e 1-1
. Location s o f Ethylen e Oxid e Productio n Facilitie s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.P.1 8

include d pumps , safet

y valves , sampl e points , an d compressors . Th

e stud y participant s agreed to sampl e al l accessibl e component s excep t fo r flanges . Approximatel y

one-quarte r o f th e flange s wer e sampled . Fifty-fiv

e percen t o f th

e component s sample d wer e o

nline s containin

g greate r tha

n9 5 percen t EO . Th e remainin

g component s wer e almos t equall y distributed amon

g line s containin

g 1 to 2 percen t E

O (10X) , 2 t

o 1 0 percen t E

O (11X) , 1 0 t

o 5 0 percen t E

O (12X) , an

d 5 0 t o 9 5 percen t E

O (12X) . 

### Screenin g p<-t?

a
Screenin

g dat a wer e collected durin g th e secon d an d thir d quarter s o f 1988 , usin

g anOrgani c Vapo r Analyze r (OVA ) an d followin

g a standar

d protoco l (Appendi x2 ) approve d b y al l participants , a s wel l a s guideline s presented ina Workbook prepared b y Radia nCorporatio

n(4) .
Th e screenin

g measurement s obtained i nthi s stud y ar e summarize

d in Figur e 1-2 . Overall , about 8 7 percen t o f th e component s monitored ha d screenin

g measurement s les s tha n1 0 ppm , 1 0 percen t wer e measured at between 1 0 an d 9 9 ppm , an

d 2 percen t wer e between10 0 an d 999 9 ppm . Abou t 0. 6 percen t (10 2 out o f 17,563 ) o f th e component s screene d i nthi s stud

y woul d b e classified a s 'Leakers. ' havin g OV A screenin

g measurement s greate r tha n10,00 0 ppm . None o f th

e sampl e points , safet y valves , or compressors , an d onl y 0. 1 percen t o f th

e liqui d valves , wer e foun d t o be leaking , bu t 1. 2 percen t o f th e open-ended lines , 1. 2 percen t o f th e ga s valves , an

d 4. 2 percen t o f th e pump s wer e leaking . Figur e 1- 3 compare s th e percentage o f leaker s foun d i nthi s stud y to tha t observed i nth e origina l SOCM I 24-Uni t study . Th e numbe r o f leakin g component s inever y categor

y observe

d inthi s stud

y wa s lower tha

n previousl y

foun d i nth e SOCM I 24-Uni t study , bu t th e differenc e wa s mos t significan t fo

r liqui d valve s (0. 1 percen t versu s 6. 5 percent) .
The component s i nlo w concentratio

nE O servic e ( 1 to 2 percen t EO) , whichrepresented fewer tha n1 0 percen t o f th

e component s sampled , accounted fo r ove r hal f (5 4 ou t o f 102 ) o f th e leakin

g component s foun

d inthi s study .



### 1- 5P.1 9



### 86

. 9 y.



## 10. 3 

## Z

< 1 0 pp m y 

### ////A 10-9 9 pp m ^SS l 100-99 9 pp m

1000-999 9 pp m >10.00 0 pp m

Figur e 1-2 . E

O Productio

nFacilities : Distributio no f Component s b y Screenin

g Value s

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 1- 6P.2 0



### P E R C E N T
L E A K E R S LIQUI D GA S SAFET YSAMPL E PUMP S OPEN-EN D FLANGE S COMPRES S

VALVE S VALVE S VALVE S POINT S LINE S 

### COMPONEN T TYP E

• • E O UNIT S V////A 24-UNI T STUD

Y



### Figur e 1-3 . Compariso

n of Lea

k Frequencies : E

O Productio

nFacilities Versu s SOCM I 24-Uni t Study .
SOURCE : EOIC FUGITIV E EMISSION

S STUDY , SUMME

R1988 , 1- 7P.2 1

Emissio n Estimate s
Estimate s o f fugitiv e emission s wer e calculated fro m th e screenin

g dat a submitte

d b y th e 1 2 E O Producer s usin

g th e followin

g sixmethods :

SOCM I Averag e Emissio nFactors ; SOCM I Leak/N

o Leak Emissio

nFactors ; SOCM I Stratifie

d Emissio

nFactors ; EP A Correlatio

nEquation s (EP

A defaul t value o f 8.1 7 ppm) ; EP A Correlatio

nEquation s (defaul t value o f 0 ppm) ; an d EP A Correlatio

nEquation s (EOI C defaul t values) .
Severa l participant s inthi s stud y quantified th

e lea k rate s fro

m valve s inliqui d service , valve s inga s service , an d flange s tha t ha

d ver y lo w screenin

g value s (nea

r th e detectio

nlimit ) b

y enclosin

g th e component an

d collectin

g an d analyzin

g a purg e ga s stream . Ne w EO-specifi c defaul t value s wer e the

ndevelope

d fro m thes e baggin

g test s fo

r us e inth

e EP A Correlatio

n Equations .

Usin g th e screenin

g dat a obtaine

d inthi s study , a ne w se t o f EO specifi c fugitiv

e emissio

nfactor s wer e develope d fo r th e component s presen t ina nE O productio

nfacility . Thes e dat a are presented inTabl e 1-2 , alon g wit hth e average EO/VOC ratio , th e average EP

A SOCM I Factor s an

d th e X reductio

nfo r eachne

w factor .
I t i s important t

o not e tha t th

e EOI C Emissio

nFactor represent s onl y ethylen

e oxid e emission s fro

m th e component s inthi s study . T o be comparabl e to th

e Averag e SOCM I factor , othe r VO C emission s shoul d als o be considered . Th

e concentration s o f othe r VOC s inth e stream

s sample

d wer e generall y

ver y lo w an d varied fo

r th e differen t component categories . Fe w o f th e emittin

g component s contained an y VO C othe r tha

nethylen

e oxide . Th

e rati o o f E

O t o tota l VOC i s show ninTabl e 1- 2 fo

r eac hcomponen t type . Thi s varie s fro

m 0.77 8 fo

r valve s i nga s servic e t o 1.00 0 fo

r sampl e points . Th e EOI C emissio

nfactor s reported i nTabl e 1- 2 represen t roughl y 9 0 percen t o f th e tota l VOC emission s fro m sample d components .
1- 8P.2 2

TABL E 1-2 . EMISSIO N FACTOR S FO

RE O PRODUCTIO

N FACILITIE S COMPARED WIT H AVERAG E SOCM I FACTOR S (LB/HR/SOURCE )

Componen t Liqui d Valve s Ga s Valve s Safety Valve s Sampl e Point s Pump s Open-Ended Line s Flange s Compressor s Weighted Average 6
NE T Emissions " Mean EO/VOC Rati o
0.98 8 0.77 8 0.92 0 1.00 0 0.99 8 0.89 4 0.93 5 

### 9.93 1 0.93 2 Average SOCM I

Factor
0.0156 0 0.0123 0 0.2290 0 0.0037 0 0.1090 0 0.0037 0 0.0018 3 

### 9,5929 9 0.0081 0 100X EOI C

Facto r
0.00055 0 0.00044 4 0.00016 5 0.00008 8 0.04265 1 0.00107 8 0.00055 5 

### o,99976 7 0.00080 6 

### 10 X Reductio

n (X) '
96. 5 96. 4 99.9 + 76. 2 60. 9 70. 9 69. 7 99. 8

• Reductioncalculated from :

XReductio

n- SQCM I Va]

_ u e * 10 0
Calculatio

no f th e Weighted Average an d ne t emission s wa s based o nth e actua l distributio

no f component s screene d i nthi s study , assumin g tha t about 2 5 percen t o f th e flange s wer e actuall y sample d (thi s correspond s t o a flange-to-valv

e rati o o f 1.6) .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .



### 1- 9Severa l significan t conclusion s ca nbe draw

nfro m thi s analysis . For bot hga s valve s an d liqui d valves , th e EOI C Emissio

nFactor i s 2 8 time s o r 96.5Xlower tha

nth e correspondin

g EP A SOCM I factor . Thes e component s represente

d roughl y

two-third s o f th

e tota l number o f component s sampled . Th e EOI C Emissio

nFactor fo

r Safet y Valve s wa s a factor o f 140 0 o r 99.9+ Xles s tha nth e SOCM I factor , an

d th e EOI C Emissio

nFactor fo

r Compressor s wa s equa l t o a factor o f 60 0 o r 99.8+Xles s tha

nth e average SOCM I Factor . EOI C Emissio nFactor s an

d SOCM I Emissio

nFactor s fo

r som e o f th e othe r component s wer e muchcloser . For example , fo r pumps , flanges , an d open-ended lines , EOI C Emissio nFactor s wer e equa l t o 6 1 percent , 7 0 percent , an d 7 1 percent , respectively , lower tha nth e average SOCM I Emissio nFactors . Th

e average EOI C Emissio nFactor fo

r flange s wa s comparabl e to EOI C Emissio nFactor s for ga s an d liqui d valves .

Overall , th

e emission s fro

m a typica l ethylen

e oxid e productio

n facility , calculated usin g th e EOI C Emissio

nFactors , are equa l t o almos t exactl y te npercen t o f th

e emission s estimate d usin g th e average SOCM I Emissio nFactors . Th

e estimated E

O fugitiv

e emission s for th

e unit s participatin

g inthi s study , based o nthes e ne

w EOI C emissio

nfactors , are summarize

d inTabl e 1-3 .
Distributio

no f Emission s Figur e 1- 4 show

s th e majo r contributor s to fugitiv e emission s i na typica l EOI C Productio nFacility . Th

e singl e larges t sourc e o f fugitiv e emission s ina typica l E O Productio

nFacilit

y i s leakin

g pump s (pumps wit h screenin

g value s abov

e 10,00 0 ppm) . Onl y eight leakin

g pump s wer e foun

d in th e presen t study , ye t the y accoun t fo

r 3 0 percen t o f th

e tota l E

O emissions . Flanges , whichrepresen t about 6 0 percen t o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s in a nEOI C facility , accounte d for 4 0 percen t o f th e tota l emissions . Overall , leakin g equipmen t accounte d fo r about 7 0 percen t o f th e tota l emission s measured inthi s study .

1-1 0P.2 4

TABL E 1-3 . SUMMAR

YO F NAMEPLAT E CAPACITYAN D ESTIMATE

D E O FUGITIV

E EMISSION S FRO M E O PRODUCTIO

N FACILITIE S

Plant Nam

e
Shel l Chemica l Hoescht-Celanes e P D Glyco l (Cain ) Do w Chemica l UnionCarbide UnionCarbide CAI N Chemica l Quantu m Texa s Eastma

n Su nR& M BAS F Texac o Chemica l Locatio n
Geismar , L

A Clear Lake , TX Beaumont , TX Plaquemine , L

A Seadrift , TX Taft , L A Bayport , T X Morris , I L Longview , TX Claymont , D E Geismar , L

A Por t Neches , TX Nameplat e Productio

n Capacity (Thousand s o f Metri c Tons/Year )

363'- b 227 c 

### 68 ' 204 c 286 ' 572 * 204 ' 100 c 

### 97 ' 55 c 218 ' 318 c EOI C

Estimate

d E O Fugitiv e Emission s (Tons/Year )


### 14d 

### 13 * 4 * 3 9 d 

### 10 d 

### ll d 

### 4 * 9 ' 5 ' 9 ' 14 *

* Referenc e 5
bOne o f tw

o productio

nunit s out o f servic e a t th e tim e o f thi s study .

e Dat a obtained directl y fro m producin

g plant personnel . dBased o

na strea

m factor o f 95

Xan d a nestimated flange count equa l t o 1. 6 time s th

e numbe r o f valve s teste d (6) .
* Based o

na strea

m factor o f 95

Xan d anactua l flange count obtained fro m th e plant .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 ,

1-1 1P.2 5



## FLANGE S PUMP S LIQUI D GA S OPEN-END VALVE S VALVE S LINE S 

# COMPONEN T TYP E

Tota l Emission s - 1 0 : o f SOCM I Estimate s base d ona flanga/valv e rati o o f 1. 6

Figur e 1-4 . E

O Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Contributio no f Fiv

e Larges t Sourc e Categorie s t

o Tota l Fugitiv

e Emission s fro

m E O Productio

n Facilitie s Usin

g E O Emissio

nFactors . SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 1-1 2P.2 6

I n th e SOCM I 24-Uni t Study , th e larges t sourc e o f fugitiv e emission s wa s leakin

g valves , whichaccounted fo r 4 0 percen t o f th

e tota l estimated SOCM I fugitiv

e emissions . Figur e 1- 5 compare s expecte d emission s estimate d in th e SOCM I 24-Uni t Stud y wit hthos e foun

d inth e presen t stud

y fo r th e fiv e majo r component types . Again , th e tota l emission s fro m thes e EOI C facilitie s i s about 1 0 percen t o f thos e estimate d usin g th e availabl e SOCM I Emissio n Factors .
Recommendation s

Th e EOI C believe s tha t th e result s o f thi s stud y are th e bes t estimat e o f fugitiv e emissio

nfro m th e E O productio

nindustry . Th

e EOI C recommend s tha t th

e result s o f th

e presen t stud

y be used fo

r an y future E

O Ris k Assessmen t tha t require s quantificatio no f E O fugitiv

e emissions , an

d tha t thes e result s serv e a s th e startin

g poin t fo

r an y possibl e emissio

n reductio

nprograms .

1-1 3I

I— ' £SSS ] Al l Othe r <<1 . OO O ppm ) Z?/777\ Hig h Emitter s C>1 . OO O ppm ) Laahgr s <>10 . OO O ppm )



## LIQUI D VALVE S GAS

VALVE S FLANGE S SAFETY VALVE S PUMP S 

# COMPONEN T TYP E
Figur e 1-5 . Ethylen e Oxid e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Contributio no f Fiv e Larges t Sourc e Categorei s to Tota l Fugitiv e Emission s Fro m E O Productio

nFacilitie s Using E O O r SOCM I Fugitiv

e Emissio nFactor s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.2 8

2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N AN D OVERVIE

W
Thi s documen t summarize s th e result s o f fugitiv e emission s testin

g conducte

d b y member s o f th

e Ethylen

e Oxid e Industr

y Counci l (EOIC ) o f th e Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n(CMA ) incooperatio nwit hth

e Environmenta l Protectio

nAgency

(EPA) . Th

e testin

g wa s conducte

d accordin

g t o a protoco l agree d to b y al l group s (se

e Appendi x2) . RadianCorporatio nwa s engaged b

y th e EOI C t

o overse e th

e testin

g effort , analyz e th e data , an

d generat e thi s industry-wide fina l summar y report .
2. 1 Definitio no f Fugitiv

e Emission s

I n thi s report , th

e ter m fugitiv

e emission s means , specifically , leak s o f ethylen

e oxid e (EO ) fro

m proces s equipment , including :

• Pum

p seals ;

• Compressor seals ;

• Valves ;

• Connection s (flanges , threade d fittings , unions , an d an y othe r pipe-to-pipe connection s othe r tha nwelds) ;

• Sealed flange s (flange s wrapped i ninsulatio nan d provided with a dri p tube) ;

• Open-ended line s (that are no t securel y cappe d or plugged) ;

• Samplin

g point s (treate

d a s open-ended line s i nthi s study) ; an d

• Safety

relie f valves .



### 2- 1P.2 9

Thes e component s represen t mechanica l joints , seals , an d rotatin

g surfaces , whichintim

e ten d t o wea r an

d develo

p leaks . Th

e leak s are calle

d fugitiv

e leak s becaus e there i s n o wa y o f accuratel y

predictin

g thei r occurrenc e o r severity . Whe nth

e leakin

g component contain s a mixture , i t i s assumed tha t th e fugitiv

e emission s hav

e th e sam e compositio

na s th e materia l flowin

g throug hth e component . However , unles s otherwis e indicated , al l mas s emission s dat a inthi s repor t are expresse d a s E O only , havin

g beencorrecte

d t o exclud

e an y othe r co-emitted volatil e organi c compound s (VOC) .
2. 2 Critica l Studie s o f Fugitiv e Emission s
Industr y an d governmen t agencie s hav e bee nconcerned abou t fugitiv e emission s sinc e th

e mi d 1970s . Th

e U S EP A funde d tw o large studie s o f fugitiv e emission s between197 5 an d 1983 . Th

e firs t o f thes e focuse d o n fugitiv e emission s fro

m refinerie s (1) . Th e secon d focuse

d o nth e Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industrie s (SOCMI ) (2,3) . Th e SOCM I stud

y wa s criticized for it s overl y hig hpredictio

no f th e emission s fro

m man y organi c chemica l facilities , particularl y thos e processin

g know ntoxi c material s wher e a nattempt t

o reduc e emission s wa s a ninherent par t o f th e desig nan d operations . Also , th e SOCM I stud

y teste d onl y sixo f th

e hundred s o f possibl e chemica l processes , an d mos t o f th

e teste d processe s wer e large-commodity petrochemica l processes .

Despit e thes e concern s abou t th e refiner

y an d SOCM I fugitiv

e emissio nfactors , the

y nevertheles s wer e widel y used , an

d numerou s regulation s hav e bee nbase d o

nth e data . Th

e U S EP A promulgated Ne

w Sourc e Performanc e Standard s (NSPS ) an d Contro l Technique s Guideline s (CTG ) for bot hth e refinin

g an d organi c chemica l industrie s usin g SOCM I fugitiv

e emission s factors . Man y state s adopted regulation s inthei r Stat e Implementatio nPlan s (SIP ) based o n th e CT G tha t appl y

t o existin

g sources . Thes e are als o based o nSOCM I factors .
I nrecen t years , th e us e o f th

e refiner

y an d SOCM I emissio

nfactor s ha s extended evenfurthe r beyon d th e tes t basis . Thes e generalized factor s hav e bee nused to estimat e emission s fro m hazardou s wast e handling , ai r toxic s
2- 2P.3 0

processing , an

d othe r application s wel l beyon d th e originall y

intende

d uses . Th e justificatio

nfo r thes e application s ha s bee ntha t th e refiner

y an d SOCM I factor s are th

e bes t availabl e wa y t o estimat e fugitiv

e emissions , sinc e n o specifi c testin

g ha s bee nconducted a t suchsites .
2. 3 Previou s an d Impendin

g Concer

nAbou t Fugitiv

e Emission s
Th e presen t EOI C stud y wa s conducte

d fo r th e followin

g reasons :

• First , th

e Superfun

d Amendment s Reauthorizatio nAc t (SARA) , Titl e II I require

d E O manufacturer s t

o begi nreportin

g eac h year' s emission s o f E O fro m bot hfugitiv

e an d poin t sources .

• Second , th

e U.S . EP

A announce

d the y wer e considerin

g developin

g a Nationa l Emission s Standar d fo r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (NESHAP ) fo

r EO . EP

A i s basin

g th e NESHA P ris k assessmen t o n SOCM I emissio

nfactors , althoug

hus e o f thes e factor s wil l resul t inanoverestimatio n o f E O fugitiv

e emission s an

d therefor e inanoverpredictio n o f th e potentia l healt hrisk . Th e EOI C believe s tha t EP A shoul d conside r usin g th e individua l plan t fugitiv

e emission s foun

d inth e presen t stud

y for furthe r E O NESHA P evaluation s an

d ris k assessments .



### 2- 3P.3 1



### 3. 0 ETHYLEN E OXID E PRODUCTION AN D US E
Thi s sectio ngive s a noverview o f Ethylen e Oxid e andit s productio n andus e i nthe Unite dStates . 3. 1 Ethylen e Oxid e

Ethylen e oxid e (CAS Numbe r 75-21-8 ) ha s the followin g structura l formula : H H 

# I I H C C

H \ / 

### 0

I t ha s a molecula r weigh t o f 44 , a molecula r formul a o f C 2 

### H 4 

### 0 , a vapo r pressur e o f 130 5 tor r a t 25*C , andi t i s completel y solubl e i nwate r (5) . I t i s highl y

explosiv e ove r a rang e fro m 3 percen t i nai r t o 10 0 percent . 3. 2 Overvie w

o f Productio nandUs e
Becaus e ethylen e oxid e i s a highl y reactiv e epoxide , i t ca nb e use d a s a nintermediat e fo r a wid e variety o f compounds , a s wel l a s fo r sterilizatio nandfumigation . Industrially , mos t o f it s reaction s involve openin g th e epoxid e ring . Ethylen e oxid e i s produce db y th e direc t vapo r phas e oxidatio no f ethylen e ove r a silve r catalys t a t 1 0 t o 3 0 atmosphere s o f pressur e a t 20 0 t o 300°C . Th e sourc e o f oxyge ni s eithe r ai r o r high-purit y oxygen . I n1985 , nin e o f the producer s use dthe oxygen-base dprocess , whil e fou r use dthe air-base dproces s (7) . Th e mai nreactio ni s a s follows :
H 2 

### C - CH 2 

### + 1/ 2 0 2 

### > H 2 

### C CH 2



# V

3- 1P.3 2

3.2. 1 Air-Based Qxjtat-g n

A schemati c fo

r th e air-base

d ethylen

e oxidatio

ni s show

ninFigure 3-1 . Whil e mucho f th e informatio

nassociate

d wit hproces s technolog y i s unavailable , th

e salient feature s are summarize d below .

I nth e firs t sectio

no f th e process , ai r an

d ethylen

e are fe

d int o th e recycl e ga s strea m (whic hcontain s untreated startin g materia l returne

d fro m th e mai nabsorber) . Th e recycl e strea

m i s fe d int o a ban

k o f tubular mai nreactors , th

e numbe r o f reactor s dependin g chiefl y

o nth e capacity

o f th e plant , th

e activity

o f th e catalyst , an

d th e siz e o f th

e reactors . In th

e mai nreactor , th

e ethylen

e i s oxidize

d t o ethylen

e oxide , carbo

ndioxide , an

d water , an

d include s mino r impuritie s suc ha s formaldehyde an d acetaldehyde .

I t i s estimated tha t ethylen e conversio

nt o ethylen

e oxid e pe r pas s inth e mai nreactor s i s i nth e range o f 2 0 t

o 5 0 percent . Oxidatio n inhibitor s are added t o th e proces s t

o retar d carbo ndioxid

e formation . Th

e proces s strea

m leavin g th e reactor ma

y contai n1 t

o 2 mol e percen t ethylen e oxide . Thi s ho t effluen t ga s i s coole d t o aroun d 3 5 t o 40" C an

d fe d t o th e absorbe r system .

Th e mai nabsorbe r use s col d wate r t o dissolv

e th e ethylen

e oxide , som e carbo ndioxide , an

d trace s o f hydrocarbon s an d aldehydes . Th

e unabsorbed ga s i s spli t overhead . Th e larges t portioni s used a s recycl e gas , an d t o coo l th e effluen t strea

m fro m th e mai nreactor ; th

e ga s the

nenter s th

e mai n reactor . A

muchsmalle r portio no f th e absorbe r effluen t ga s i s fe d a s th e mai nstrea

m t o th e secondar

y or purg e reactor . Th e effluen t fro

m th e purge reactor exchange s hea t wit hth e mai nstrea

m an d i s sent t

o th e "purg e absorber , whichoperate s inth e sam e manne r a s th

e mai nabsorber .
Th e large portio

no f th e ethylen

e presen t i nth

e purg e ga s fro

m th e mai nreactor i s reacte d i nth e purg e reactor system , bu t vapor s mus t be vented fro m th e mai nreactor s o tha t iner t gase s (principall y nitrogenan

d carbo n dioxide ) d

o no t accumulate . I nsom e operations , th

e ethylen

e conten t o f th

e ven t ga s i s sufficientl y hig ht o mak e energ

y recover

y economical .
3- 2P.3 3

Primar y reacto r Primar y Purg e Purg t absorbe r reacto r absorbe r n a Catalyti c i— i converte r 

# | r~-&]

_T L [-ISteam^J—T l pV l | 

# =a = wt -•-Ai rT Powe r an d heat recover y fro m ven t ga

s

pa* > Ven t ga

s Oesorbe r ^_ ^ Strippe r I Refine r A


# E$- l 

# T.T TM Stea m Reboile r Stea m 

# < £ c - » Stea m Ethylen e oxid e

Wast e liqui d

Figur e 3-1 . Schemati c o f Air-Based Direc t Oxidatio nProces s fo

r th e Productio

no f Ethylen

e Oxid e

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 , 3- 3P.3 4

Th e remainde r o f th

e proces s involve s purification . Th e ethylen

e oxid e wate r solutio

nfro m th e absorber s i s hea t exchange d an d sent t

o th e desorber , wher e th

e ethylen

e oxid e i s stea

m strippe

d unde r reduce

d pressure . Th e ethylen

e oxid e i s collecte

d at th e to p an d compresse

d fo r furthe r purification , whil e th e strippe

d wate r i s recirculate d to th e mai nan

d purge absorbers .

Th e ethylen

e oxid e fro m th e desorbe r stil l contain s som e carbo n dioxide , nitrogen , aldehydes , an d trace s o f ethylen e an d ethane , an

d mus t b

e sent t o th e stripper . I nth

e stripper , th

e ligh t gase s are separated overhea d an d vented , whil e th

e partiall y

purified ethylen

e oxid e i s take

nfro m th e botto m o f th e strippe r an

d sent t

o th e mid-sectio

no f a fina l refinin g column . Th e ethylen

e fro m th e refinin

g sectio

nshoul d hav

e a >99. 5 percen t concentration . Thus , th e concentratio

no f ethylen

e oxid e wil l var

y fro m les s tha n1 percen t i nth

e reactio

nen d o f th e system , to nearl y 10 0 percen t i nth

e fina l refinin

g column .
Th e range o f condition s o f th e Air-Oxidatio

nProces s ar e summarize d i nTabl e 3-1 .
3.2. 2 Oxvgen-Based Oxidatio n

A schemati c o f th

e oxygen-based proces s i s show ninFigur e 3-2 . Th e majo r difference s i noxygen - an d air-based oxidatio nprocesse s ar e almos t entirel y

th e resul t o f th

e differenc e i noxidants . I nth e oxygen-based process , th

e purg e reactor i s absent , an d a carbo

ndioxide remova l uni t an d a n argonven t ar e added . Becaus e thi s proces s use s oxygeninstea d o f air , i t require s les s purg e ga s t o remov e th e nitrogen , bu t i t stil l require s remova l o f carbo

n dioxide an

d argon . Tabl e 3- 2 summarize s th e range o f th

e reactio

n syste m variables .



### 3- 4P.3 5

TABL E 3-1 . RANGE S O F REACTIO N SYSTE M VARIABLE S IN

TH E DIREC T AI ROXIDATIO

N OF ETHYLEN

E OXIDE '
Variabl e Rang e
Ethylene , mol e X2-1 0 Oxygen , mol e X. 4- 8 Carbo ndioxide , mol e X5-1 0 Ethane , mol e X0-1. 0 Temperature , ° C 22 0 - 27 7 Pressure , MP a (psi ) 1 - 3 (14 5 - 435 ) Spac e velocity , h" 1 200 0 - 450 0 Pressur e drop , kP a (torr ) 4 1 - 15 2 (30 8 - 1140 ) Conversion , X20-6 5 Selectivity

or Yiel d (mol e basi s X ) 6 3 - 7 5

Source : Caws e e t al. , 1980 . bTh e spac e velocit y

i s th e standar

d volum e o f th e reactan t strea

m fe d pe r uni t tim

e divided b

y th e volum e o f reactor spac e fille d wit hcatalyst . h- hour

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 ,



### 3- 5P.3 6

Reacto r Absorbe r CO , 

# O — C O J Absorbe r Intermediat e 0e$ J rbe f desorbe r .

fVen t a— « Proces

s # ^ ««--"- ' a 

# o-4jj> y

5 c . Stea m 

# z r Nitroge n W Stea m

Flashe r Strippe Refine r Desorbe r Strippe r _a_ . Ven t Refine r



## K-.- I J^ > 

# •f T Stea m Reboile r Stea m 

# £ o Ethylen e oxid e

, . .« - Stea m 

# I T
Wast e liqui d

Figur e 3-2 . Schemati c fo r Oxygen-Based Direc t Oxidatio nfo r Productio

n o f Ethylen

e Oxide .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 3- 6P.3 7

TABL E 3-2 . RANGE S O F REACTIO N SYSTE M VARIABLE S IN

TH E DIREC T OXYGEN-OXIDATIO

N O F ETHYLEN

E OXIDE '
Variabl e Rang e
Ethylene , mol e X15-4 0 Oxygen , mol e X5-8. 5 Carbo n dioxide , mol e X5-1 5 Ethane , mol e X0- 2 Argon , mol e X5-1 5 Nitrogen , mol e X2-6 0 Methane , mol e X1-6 0 Temperature , ° C 220-27 5 Pressure , MP a (psi ) 1-2. 2 (14 5 - 319 ) Spac e velocity , h" 1 200 0 - 400 0 Conversion , X7 - 15 ° Selectivity

or Yiel d (mol e basi s X ) 7 0 - 7 7

* Source : Caws e e t al. , 1980 . bTh e spac e velocity

i s th e standar

d volum e o f th e reactant strea

m fe d pe r uni t tim

e divided b

y th e volum e o f reactor spac e fille d wit hcatalyst .

c A t 3 0 mol e Xethene . h- hour

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .



### 3- 7P.3 8

3. 3 Productio nan d Us e
Elevencompanie s at 1 3 location s produc e ethylen e oxid e inth e United States . 2. 6 millionmetri c tons wer e produced i n198 5 (5) . Mos t o f th e ethylen

e oxid e i s used a t th

e productio

nsit e to mak e ethylene glycol , glyco l ethers , an

d ethanolamines . Captur e fee d level s are approximatel y 9 0 percen t o f actua l E O productio

nrates . Th

e breakdow

no f E O productio

nwa s previousl y

show ninTabl e 1-3 .
Al l o f th

e productio

nfacilitie s i nservic e at th e tim e o f thi s stud y participated i n th e study . Th

e Oli n Chemica l plan t inBrandenburg , K Y wa s no t i nservic e a t th e tim e o f th e study , bu t i t beganproductionihth e summer o f 1988 . On e o f th e tw o productio

nunit s for Shel l Chemica l i n Geismar , L

A wa s no t inservic e a t th e tim e o f thi s study .



### 3- 8P.3 9

4. 0 MONITORIN G APPROACH
Thi s sectio

ngive s a

novervie

w o f th e technica l approachtake nin th e project , a s wel l a s detail s o f th e protoco l followe

d b y th e participatin

g membe r companies . Fo r th e protocol , see Appendi x2 .
4. 1 Overvie

w o f Method s Used t

o Estimat e Fugitiv

e Emission s

Severa l step s ca

nb e take nt o generat e a fugitiv e emission s estimat e fo r a specifi c chemica l unit . Figure 4- 1 illustrate s th e overal l process .
For Ethylen

e Oxid e productio

nplants , th

e potentia l proces s fugitiv e emission s source s includ e valves , pumps , compressors , connector s (flanges , seale d flanges , screwe

d fittings , etc.) , open-ended lines , safety valves , an

d sampl e points . Som e o f thes e component type s are subdivided int o servic e categorie s tha t describ e th e physica l stat e (liqui d o r gas ) an

d volatilit y range o f th

e materia l flowin

g throug

hth e component . Valve s hav e bee ngroupe

d into thre e categories : gas , ligh t liquid , an

d heav y liquid . Pump s hav e been groupe d int o tw

o categories : ligh

t liqui d an

d heav y liquid . Al l othe r source s hav e onl y on e categor

y tha t cover s al l type s o f service .
Th e firs t ste

p i nestimatin

g fugitiv

e emission s i s t

o determin

e th e populatio

no f eachtyp

e o f component i nth e proces s are a to be monitored . Thi s canb e accomplishe d b y eithe r anon-the-groun d physica l inventor y o r b y examinin

g accurat e P&I D drawing . Onc e thi s i s done , a plan t ca nselec t fro

m fiv e method s o f estimatin g fugitiv

e emissions . Thes e fiv e method s are describe

d belo w an d are typicall y

referre

d t o b y th e followin

g names :

SOCM I Average Emissio nFactors ; Leak/N o Leak Emissio

nFactors ; Stratifie

d Emissio

nFactors ; Correlatio

nEquations ; an

d Bagging .



### 4- 1Av«c«g « soo n Caiaaio - Factor a

I Avarag a 80QI I

laiaaiaa a Batiaai a

Baliaa - Baiiaata a Laak/M o Laa k Hatha *

Laak/H a Laa k Raia.ioa a aUliaal a Ccapanan t Coian c b y Bqiaifsan C Typ a anal tarvic a Caiagui y

Scraanin g Haaauiaaam a 

# i~T~l

Scraiifia . Naiko 4

Stiatifia . Baiaaiooa •atiaat a Laa k Sal a Corralalian

a Bquatioa a

SOCMI Coiralacio a •quaiie a laiaalo a •aliaal a Corralacio u Squatioa a Valiaialaa J Baggin t Maaauraajanc a

Nan a Coir-lalio n Eqaaatioa a Davalopa . Haaatira - -aiaaioo a

-oil-Specifi c Carialalio a Kquaiio a Esiaaioa a Batiaat a

Figure 4-1 . Overvie w o f Fugitiv

e Emissio

nEstimation .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.P.4 1

Al l fiv e o f thes e method s wer e applie d inthi s study . Baggin g test s wer e optional .
4.1. 1 SOCM I Average Emissio nFactor s

I nth e earl y 1980s , EP

A conducte

d a fugitiv

e emission s stud

y at 2 4 plant s i n th

e Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industr

y (SOCMI ) (3) . Fro m th e result s o f thi s study , EP A develope

d average emissio

nrat e factor s fo r severa l components . Thes e factor s wer e published ina recent EP A repor t (8) . th

e representativenes s o f th e dat a fo

r modernSOCM I facilitie s i s questionabl e i nligh t o f current desig

nan d maintenanc e practices , especiall y i nplant s dealin

g wit hpotentiall y

toxi c chemicals .
Inestimatin

g fugitiv

e emission s fo

r a proces s area , th e numbe r o f component s o f eac

htyp e i s multiplied b

y th e average emissio

nfactor fo

r that component type . Th e contribution s fro m eac hcomponent typ

e ar e adde

d t o develo p th e tota l emissio

nestimat e fo

r th e proces s area .
Not e tha t inthi s study , permanen t sampl e point s wer e treate d a s open-ended line s sinc e al l screenin g test s wer e performed withou t actua l proces s sampling . Th e origina l EP

A databas e include

d sampl e connectio

n screenin

g value s take

nwhil e actua l proces s sampl e acquisitio nwa s in progress .
4.1. 2 Screenin

g Tes t
Al l othe r emissio

nestimatio

nmethod s require tha t a screenin g surve y be made o f th

e component s inth

e proces s are a t

o b e monitored . Screenin

g i s a relativel y

quick measuremen t metho d tha t employs a portabl e detector tha t indicate s whethe r a sourc e i s emittin g an d give s a roug

h magnitude o f th

e emissions . For measurin g tota l VOCs , portabl e Flam e Ionizatio

nDetecto r (FID ) instrument s lik e th e Centur

y System s OVA-10 8 an

d combustible s analyzer s suc ha s th e TL V Sniffe r hav

e bee nused fo

r screenin

g tests . T o obtai naccurat e estimate s o f th e actua l VO C screenvalues , thes e analyzer s ar e calibrated wit hmethane an d the nchallenged wit hstandar d gase s

4- 3o f th e materia l t

o be analyze

d t o determin

e th e specifi c respons e o f th e instrument fo

r tha t compound . Th e ra w screenin

g dat a are adjuste

d t o reflec t suc hinstrument respons e factor s (RFs) . Additiona l correction s t o th e screenin

g dat a ma

y includ e adjustment s fo

r lin e compositio

ns o tha t th

e contributio

nfro m eac hcompoun

d inth e lin e i s properl y

included . Befor e makin g a screenin

g measurement , th

e instrument respons e t o th e ambient ai r "near " th

e component i s determined . Thi s backgroun d readin

g i s subtracte

d fro m th e screenin

g value t o correc t fo r th e ambient leve l o f hydrocarbons .
4.1. 3 Leflfc/N

9 Lea k Metho d
Afte r examinin

g al l o f th

e dat a a t thei r disposal , th e EP A determined tha t a reasonabl e approac ht o estimatin

g fugitiv

e emission s coul d includ e separat e emissio

nfactor s fo

r leakin

g component s an

d non-leakin

g component s (9,10) . Additiona l wor k b y EP A establishe

d a screenin

g value o f 10,00 0 pp

m a s th e cutof f fo

r declarin

g a component t

o b e a "leaker " (11) .
Th e leak/n

o lea k emissio

nfactor s published b y EP A are presented in Tabl e 4- 1 an

d ar e take

nfro m Referenc e 8 . I napplyin g thes e factors , th e screenin

g dat a are firs t divide d b y component typ

e an d the nb y screenin

g value into leake r o

r non-leake r categories . Th e number o f component s ineac h categor y i s multiplied b

y th e appropriat e emissio nfactor . Th

e tota l emissio

n estimat e i s th

e su m o f al l individua l categor y contributions .
4.1. 4 Stratifie d Metho d Recognizin

g tha t th

e vas t majority

o f component s d

o no t lea

k o r hav e ver y lo w emissions , th

e EP A redefine

d th e leak/n

o lea k strateg

y an d develope

d a three-tiered approach . Thre e range s o f screenin g value s wer e derived : 0 - 100 0 ppm , 1001-10,00 0 ppm , an d ove r 10,00 0 ppm . Tabl e 4- 1 give s th e emissio

n factor s fo

r eac hcomponent typ

e an d servic e category . Th e stratifie

d metho d screenin

g value range s give ninTabl e 4-1 , ( 0 - 99 9 ppm , 1,00 0 - 9,99 9 ppm , an d > 10,00 0 ppm ) ar e slightl y differen t fro

m thos e published b

y EP A ( 0 - 1,00 0 ppm , 1,00 1 - 10,00 0 ppm , an d >10,00 0 ppm) , th

e differenc e bein

g at th e boundar y betweenranges , i.e . a t 1,00 0 an d 10,00 0 ppm . Th

e rational e o f thi s
4- 4TABL E 4-1 . EP A EMISSIO

N FACTOR S I

N lb/hr/SOURCE f i

4 > I t n Component Typ e
Valve s Valve s Flange s Seale d Flange s Open-Ende

d Line s Pumps Safet y Valve s Sampl e Points 0 Compressor s Servic e Liqui d 

### Gas Al l Al l Al l Liqui d 

### Al l Al l Al l Averag e

SOCM I
0.01560 0 0.01230 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00370 0 0.10890 0 0.22910 0 0.00370 0 0.50220 0 Leak/N o Lea k ScreenValu

e Range (ppm ) <10,00 0
0.00377 0 0.00106 0 0.00013 0 0.00013 0 0.00330 0 0.02640 0 0.09850 0 0.00330 0 0.19690 0 >10,00 0

0.18780 0 0.09940 0 0.08270 0 0.08270 0 0.02630 0 0.96300 0 3.72500 0 0.02630 0 3.54200 0 Stratified 1 * Scree n Value Rang e 0 - 99 9

0.00061 7 0.00031 0 0.00004 4 0.00004 4 0.00029 0 0.00436 0 0.02510 0 0.00029 0 0.02490 0 (ppm )

1000-999 9
0.02123 0 0.00364 0 0.01929 0 0.01929 0 0.01930 0 0.07380 0 0.61450 0 0.01930 0 0.58150 0 >1000 0

0.18780 0 0.09940 0 0.08270 0 0.08270 0 0.02630 0 0.96300 0 3.72500 0 0.02630 0 3.54200 0

a Value s obtained fro m Tabl e 3- 5 i nProtocol s fo r Generatin

g Unit-Specifi c Emissio nEstimate s for Equipment Leak s o f VOC an d VHAP , EP

A Report , October , 198 8 (Re f 8) . Th e screenin

g valu e range s show

nare slightl y

different fro

m thos e publishe

d b y EPA . Thei r range s are 0-100 0 ppm , 1,00 1 - 10,000 , an d >10,00 0 ppm . Th

e range s i nth

e tabl e ar e consisten t wit hth e leak/n o lea k strateg

y an d represen t a mor e conservativ e estimatio

nprocedure tha

ntha t give

nb y EPA . Sampl e point s treate d a s open-ended line s fo r al l purposes .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.4 4

stud y wa s t o us e th

e mor e conservativ

e approac

han d includ

e th e boundar

y value s in th

e highe r emissio

nfactor category . Thi s approachthe nprovide s identica l emissio

nestimate s fo

r th e leak/n

o lea k an d stratifie

d method s fo

r component s wit hscreenin g value s o f 10,00 0 pp m (i.e . fo

r leakers) .
For example , conside r a pum p wit ha screenin

g value o f 10,00 0 ppm . Accordin

g t o th e leak/n

o lea k method , thi s component leak s at a nestimate

d emissio n rat e o f 0.96 3 lb/hr . Accordin g t o th e EPA-specifie

d range s fo

r th e stratifie

d method , thi s pump' s estimate d emissio

nrat e i s 0.073 8 lb/hr . However , usin

g th e range s specifie

d inthi s study , th e pum p emissio

nrat e b

y th e stratifie

d metho d i s 0.96 3 lb/hr , identica l t o th e leak/n

o lea k estimate .
Th e applicatio

no f thes e factor s follow s th e patterno f th

e leak/n

o lea k method . Th

e component s wit hscreenin g value s ineac

hrange are counted . Thes e value s are the nmultiplied b

y th e appropriat e emissio nfactor an

d al l contribution s are adde d t o deriv e th e tota l estimate

d emission s fo

r th e proces s area .
4.1. 5 Correlatio nEquation s
Th e dat a obtained b

y th e EP A durin g th e refiner

y projec t (1 ) an

d th e SOCM I projec t (2,3 ) include d screenin

g value s an

d actua l fugitiv

e emissio

n rat e determinations . Statistica l evaluatio no f th e dat a le

d t o developmen t o f correlatio

nequation s to transfor m screenin

g value s to leak rate s for three component type s i nfou r servic e categorie s (8) . Thes e were :

• Valve s i nligh t liqui d service ;
• Valve s inga s service ;
• Flanges , an

d
• Pumps .
Th e equatio

nfo r pump s i s typicall y applie d t o al l othe r categorie s tha t d o no t hav

e a specifi c equation . Tabl e 4- 2 show s th e fou r correlatio

n equation s used inthi s study ; the y wer e take

nfro m Referenc e 8 .



### 4- 6TABL E 4-2 . FUGITIV E EMISSION S CORRELATIO N EQUATIONS*> b

Component Typ e Servic e Correlatio nEquation 0 Numbe r o f Dat a Pair s Correlatio n Coefficient "Defaul t Zero "

Emissio nRat e (lb/hr )

Valv e Ga s 1.68 0 x10" 5 x(SCRNVALU) 0 ' 69 3 Valv e Liqui d 3.74 0 xIO" 4 x(SCRNVALU) 047 0 Flange Al l 3.73 1 x10" 5 x(SCRNVALU) 082 0 Othe r Al l 1.33 5 x10" 5 x(SCRNVALU) 089 8 9 9 12 9 5 2 5 2 0.6 6

0.4 7 0.7 7 0.8 1 0.00007 2

0.00100 4 0.00020 9 0.00008 8

i a Emissio nestimate s are calculate d i nlb/hr . bTakenfro

m Tabl e D- 1 i nProtocol s for Generatin g Unit-Specifi c Emissio nEstimate s for Equipmen t Leak s o f VOC an

d VHAP , EP

A Report , October , 198 8 (Re f 8) .

c SCRNVAL

U- Maximu

m OV A screenin

g value i nppm .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.4 6

Eac ho f th e equation s predict s a zer o emissio

nrat e fo

r screenin

g value s o f zero . Durin g th e earl y fugitiv

e emission s studies , th e EP A determine

d th e actua l emissio

nrate s fo

r severa l component s tha t had zero screenin

g values . Workin

g backward s throug

hth e correlatio

nequations , EP

A adopte d a "defaul t zero " screenin g value o f 8.1 7 pp

m fo r al l sources . Th

e mas s emissio

nrate s correspondin g to 8.1 7 pp

m usin g th e correlatio

nequations ' are show

ni nTabl e 4- 2 a s "defaul t zero " mas s emissio nrate s i nlb/hr .
4.1. 6 Saggin

g

I f unit-specifi c correlatio nfactor s are desired , th e nex t ste

p i s t o obtai nquantitativ e emissio

nrat e dat a fro

m "bagging " tests . A baggin g tes t consist s o f enclosin g th e component unde r tes t i nanair-tight Myla r or Tedla r or aluminu

m shrou d or bag . Next , a ga s strea m i s pushed throug

h (flow-throug

hmethod ) or pulle

d throug

h(vacuu

m method ) th

e ba g a t a measured rate . Onc e equilibriu m i s established , exhaus t ga s sample s ar e analyzed for temperature an

d for th

e specie s o f interest ; i.e. , E O fo r thi s study . Thi s ba g concentratio

n o f E O i s the

nconverted to th

e correspondin

g mas s emissio

n rat e i n lb/h

r usin g Equatio

n1 .

Mas s Emissio

nRat e - B ° g TM C * TM * * * * TM (Eq . 1 ) M V
where : E

O Con e - Concentratio

no f E O inth e ba g inppm ; M W - Molecula r weight o f E O - 4 4 lb/l bmole ; M V - Mola r volum

e o f E O - 39 2 ft 3 /l bmol e a t 68°F ; F R- Ai r flo

w rat e throug

hth e bag inft 3 /hr ; an d TC - Temperatur e conversio nfactor based o

nth e idea l ga s la

w t o conver t F

Rfro m it s measured value to th e correspondin

g flo w rat e at 68°F .



### 4- 8P.4 7

Thi s value i s th

e actua l measured rat e o f E O emission s fro

m th e component int o th

e atmosphere . Th

e measured emissio

nrate s fo

r severa l component s are plotte d inlog-lo

g spac e agains t th

e correspondin

g screenin

g tes t results . Th

e EP A correlatio

nequatio

ni s draw

no nth e sam e plot . I f eac ho f th e measured (bagged ) dat a point s fall s belo w th e EP A curve , the

nth e EP A curv e wil l overestimat e th e mas s emissio

nrat e fro

m th e component s teste

d an d th e EP A correlatio

nequatio

ni s considere

d vali d fo

r th e proces s area tested . I f th

e measured dat a point s are consistentl y abov e th e EP A curve , the nth e EP A curv e underestimate s th e actua l mas s emissio nrat e fro

m th e component s tested , th e EP A correlatio

nequatio

ni s no t vali d fo

r th e proces s are a tested , an

d a differen t metho d for estimatin

g fugitiv

e emission s i s indicated . I ngeneral , fou r t o eight comparativ

e dat a set s (screenin g an d baggin g tes t results ) are require d t o validat e th

e correlatio

nequations .

I f th e correlatio

nequation s are no t vali d or i f th e estimate s o f th e emission s ar e fa

r beyon d th e level s indicate

d b y initia l baggin

g tests , a plan t ma

y choos e t o develo

p a ne w unit-specifi c correlatio nequatio

ntha t ma

y require a s man

y a s 2 0 t

o 3 0 baggin

g test s pe r sourc e type/servic e category .
Th e fina l stage o f unit-specifi c fugitiv e emissio

nestimatio

n i s th e developmen t o f a

nindustry-specifi c emissio nfactor . Thi s i s a factor which , whe nmultiplied b

y th e numbe r o f sources , give s th e estimated emission s fro m thes e sources . Suc hanemissio

nfactor shoul d b e base d ona large amoun t o f dat a take

n fro m differen t unit s o f th e sam e typ e an d at differen t time s durin g th e maintenanc e cycle .
4.1. 7 Curren t Stud v
Al l fiv e o f th e estimatio

nmethod s describe

d abov e wer e employe

d in thi s study . Screenin g tes t dat a wer e used fro m al l participatin

g plant s t

o deriv e estimated emission s usin g th e average SOCM I factors , th e Leak/N

o Leak factors , th

e stratifie

d factors , an

d th e correlatio

nequations . Baggin g tests , whichwer e optional , wer e conducte d at fou

r o f th e participatin

g plants .



### 4- 9P.4 8

4. 2 Screenin

g Technique s - EP

A Metho d 2 1

A s applie

d t o th e E O fugitiv

e emission s study , screenin g analysi s corresponded t

o a supplemente

d versio

no f EP A Referenc e Metho

d 21 . A

cop y o f th e referenc e metho

d i s containe

d inAppendi x1 .
EP A Metho d 2 1 describe s a procedur e fo r identifyin

g an d screenin

g VOC leak s fro

m proces s equipment . Severa l performanc e specification s are givenin th

e method . Analytica l requirement s include :

• Instrumen t respons e factor (RF ) mus t be les s tha n1 0 fo r th e compoun d o f interest ;

* Instrument respons e tim e mus t b

e les s tha

n3 0 seconds ; and ,

• Instrument calibratio nprecisio

nmus t b

e withi n10X .
Othe r requirement s fo r th e analyze r include :

• I t mus t contai na ninterna l pum

p capabl e o f samplin g at a rat e o f 0. 5 to 3 liter s pe r minute ;

* I t mus t b e intrinsicall y safe ; and ,

* I t mus t b

e calibrate

d wit hcertifie

d (+2 Xaccuracy ) standar d gases .
Th e metho d describe s th

e procedur e fo

r screenin

g valves , connectors/flanges , pumps/compressors , pressure-relie f devices , proces s drains , openende

d lines/valves , sea l systems , an d acces s doors . Th e determinatio

no f backgroun

d level s i s als o described . Finally , th e measuremen t o f instrument respons e factors , calibratio nprecision , an

d respons e time s ar e described .

4-1 0P.4 9

Th e instrument chose

nfo r th e E O fugitive s emissio nstud y wa s th e Foxsboro OVA-10 8 (Organi c Vapo r Analyzer) . Thi s analyze r i s a portabl e flam e ionizatio

n detector (FID ) based instrument . I t contain s a ninterna l pum

p tha t draw s approximatel y

1 L/mi no f sample . Th e ai r draw

ninwit hth

e sampl e provide s th

e ai r fo

r th e flame . Th

e uni t i s batter

y powered an

d ha s a n interna l hydrogencylinde r wit henoug hfue l fo

r 8 t o 1 0 hour s o f continuou s operation . Th

e uni t i s certifie

d b y th e manufacture r t

o b e intrinsicall y safe . Th

e analyze r ha s a logarithmi c readout coverin g th e range 1 t

o 10,00 0 ppm .

A

10-to- l dilutio

nprob e i s availabl e fo

r th e OVA-10 8 instrument . Us e o f thi s devic e allow s th e instrument t

o respon

d t o u p t o 100,00 0 ppm . Dilutio nprobe s wer e typicall y no t used inthi s study , an d component s wit h screenin

g value s at or abov e 10,00 0 pp

m wer e assigne

d anemissio

nrat e equa l t o th e lea k factor fro

m th e Leak/N

o Leak method . Th

e correlatio

nequation s fo r dat a abov

e 10,00 0 pp

m wer e no t used sinc e th e equation s wer e derive d fro m dat a wher e "pegge

d sources " (i.e. , source s wit hscreenin g value s abov

e 10,00 0 ppm ) wer e excluded .

Th e OV A respond s t

o man y organi c compound s inadditio nt o EO . Th

e respons e o f th

e analyze r t

o a mixtur e containin g E O an d othe r organi c compound s wil l b

e a combinatio

no f th e respons e attributabl e t o eac h compound . I ngeneral , a weighted basi s calculatio ni s used t

o determin

e th e instrument respons e fro m a mixture . Thi s i s describe d i nmor e detai l late r in th e report .
4. 3 Calibratio n

I n accordanc e wit hEP A Metho d 21 , th

e OV A instrument mus t b

e calibrated b

y adjustin

g th e mete r readin

g wit ha hydrocarbon-fre e ai r sourc e an d b y usin g a certifie

d standar

d ga s containin

g approximatel y

8,00 0 pp

m o f methane i n air . Subsequently , th e instrument respons e t o E O i nai r standard s i s determined usin

g a t leas t thre e standar d gase s coverin

g th e range o f 2 0 t

o 20,00 0 pp

m EO . Instrument respons e factor s fo r eac hstandar

d ga s wer e determined fro

m th e followin

g equation :

4-1 1P.5 0

R F - Actua l Concentration/Instrumen t Respons e (Eq . 2 )

Th e dat a are subjecte d t o a linear leas t square s analysis . I f th e correlatio

ncoefficien t exceed s 0.99 , th e analyze r i s judged to hav e a linear respons e t

o EO , an

d th e R F fo r E O i s th e average R

F fro m th e upscal e readings . Fo r analyzer s whos e correlatio ncoefficien t i s les s tha n0.99 , calibratio

n curve s are develope d an d used t

o conver t ra

w OV A value s t

o screenin

g values . For thi s E

O study , al l calibratio ndat a submitte

d corresponded t

o correlatio

n coefficient s greate r tha n0.9 9 an

d average respons e factor s wer e used fo r al l dat a calculations .
4. 4 Screenin

g Protoco l

Befor e conductin

g th e fiel d tests , th

e EOI C an

d EP A agree d t o a screenin

g protocol . A

cop y o f thi s protoco l appear s inAppendi x2 . Ke y provision s ar e summarize d below :

• Al l E

O producer s woul d participate ;

• Al l stream

s containin

g >1 XE O woul d b e included ;

a Component s accessibl e b y platform , ladder , or manlif t u p t o 4 0 fee t abov

e grad e woul d be tested ;

• Component s t

o b e teste d included :

- - Valve s (all , inbot hliqui d an d ga s service) ,

- - Pump s (all) ,

- - Safet

y Valve s no t vented t o a heade r syste

m (all) ,

- - Open-ended line s unles s plugge d or blin

d flange

d (all) ,

4-1 2

### £2L

- - Compressor s (all) ,

- - Sampl e Points , except close d loops , plugge

d lines , an

d line s ventin g t o a contro l devic e (all) , and ,

- • Connectors , flanges , an d seale d flange s (u

p to about 15 0 o na randoml y

selecte

d basis , bu t excludin g insulate

d flanges) ;

• Baggin

g test s wer e optional ;

• Baggin

g tests , i f performed , shoul d hav e include

d 2 t o 8 bag s pe r component type/servic e category ;

• A n OV A instrument woul d be used for screenin g tests ;

• Th e CM A Guidanc e Documen t publishe d i nAugust , 198 8 (12 ) woul d be followe

d an d n o specia l inspectio nan d maintenanc e (l&M ) procedure s woul d be allowe d befor e or durin

g th e tes t period ;

• Th e QA/QC procedure s outline d i nth e CM A Guidanc e Documen t woul d b e followe

d an d th e result s documented ;

• A concurren t industria l hygiene stud y wa s recommended ; an d

• Al l partie s agree d to accept th

e result s o f th

e study .

4. 5 E

O Workbook

Th e EOI C contracted RadianCorporatio ninAustin , Texa s t o overse e th e testin

g effort , analyz e th e data , an

d prepar e a fina l report . T o facilitat e uniformity indat a collectio

nan d t o answe r an

y question s concernin

g th e screenin

g protocol , a

nE O Fugitive s Workbook (.4 ) wa s prepare

d an d distributed t

o al l participant s at anEOI C worksho p hel d o

nMarc h30 ,
4-1 3P.5 2

1988 . Include

d inth e workbook wer e form s designe

d t o obtai nconsisten t screenin

g an d QC dat a fro

m al l participants . Dat a t o be collecte

d include

d screening , instrument calibration , an d instrument drift . Eac ho f th e dat a form s i s discusse

d below .
4.5. 1 Ethylen

e Oxide Screenin

g Surve y Repor t For

m Figur e 4- 2 show

s a nethylen

e oxid e screenin

g surve y dat a form . A

n explanatio

no f th e dat a anticipated for eac hentr y i s givenbelow :

• Plant I D - Plant identificatio ninformation ;

• Instrument I D - Unique identificatio ninformatio

ndescribin

g th e analyze r used t

o obtai nth

e data ;

• Analyst' s Nam

e - Perso

ncollectin

g th e dat a wh

o shoul d be contacte

d concernin

g th e data ;

• Dat e • Dat e o f screenin g test ;

• Backgroun

d Readin

g Tim e - Tim e o f da y whenth

e particula r dat a shee t wa s firs t used ;

• Backgroun

d Ra w Value - OV

A analyze r readin

g inth e vicinity

o f th e component s bein

g teste d (se e Metho d 2 1 for details) ;

4-1 4ETHYLEN E O XIU KSCHKENIN

C SURVEYREPOR T FOR M Plant I D I nutrimen t I D Analys t Naa e Phon e No . Dat e Averag e R F Calibratio n Curv e (Y/N ) Backgroun d Reading Tia e Uncorrecte d Valu e (ppav )

Seq . No . F l ota

Shee t No . Locatio n

PaSI D Coa p

Typ e Servic e Category/Proces s Strea a Coa p Size * Coap (in. ) Category * Phas e E O X _Screening Valu e Solven t OV

A B O Naae / Reading Specifi c Wt . X(ppav ) (ppav ) Commen t

»<<|. i 1.1... I Figur e 4-2 . Exampl e Screenin g Dat a Repor t For m SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

O l c oP.5 4

• Averag e RF - Average o f respons e factor dat a fro m th e lates t multipoin t calibratio nusin g E O standar

d gase s (i f th

e correlatio

n coefficien t wa s >0.99) ;

• Calibratio

nCurv e (Y/N ) - A

spac e t

o indicat e whethe r a calibratio

n curv e wa s neede

d t o conver t ra

w OV A value s t

o screenin

g value s (typically no t used b

y th e participant s in thi s survey) ;

• Seq . No . - Sequenc e numbe r used to keep track o f th e orde r o f component testin

g (typically

no t used b

y participants) ;

• Flo

w Shee t No . - Plant-specifi c identificatio ninformation ;

• Locatio

nP&I D - Plant-specifi c identificatio ninformation ;

a Component Type - Typ e o f component bein g screened . For thi s stud y th e protoco l designate d th e followin

g component types :

- - Valve s (VLV )

- - Pump s (PMP )

- - Connector s or flange s (FLN )

- - Safet

y Valve s (SV )

- • Open-Ended Line s (OEL )

- - Compressor s (COM )

- - Sampl e Point s (SP) , an d

- - Seale

d Flange s (SF )

• Siz e - Siz e o f th e component itsel f o r th e siz e o f th

e lin e feedin g int o th

e component ;

• Component Categor y - Descriptio

no f th e typ e o f component bein g tested ; e.g. , ball , globe , butterfly , etc . fo r valves ;

• Phas e - Phas e o f th e strea m i nth e component (liqui d or gas) ;
4-1 6P.5 5

• E O X- Percent b

y weigh t o f E

O inth e strea m (> 1 Xfo

r thi s survey) ;

• Solven t Nam

e - Nam e o f th e majo r organi c solven t fo r mixed streams ;

• Solvent X- Percent b y weight o f th

e majo r solven t named above ;

• OV A Readin g (ppm ) • Ra

w OV A scree nvalue , uncorrected fo r instrument response , strea m composition , or background ;

• E O Specifi c (ppm ) • Result s o f E O specifi c screentest s suc ha s sorbent tubes ; an

d

• Comment s - Spac e for an y observation s o

r othe r comment s concernin

g th e specifi c component bein g tested .
I n actua l practice , th e space s fo

r respons e factor an d calibratio

n curv e wer e no t used , sinc e mos t participant s provided ra w calibratio

nan d other QC dat a t

o be include

d inth e dat a analysis . Sequenc e numbers , flo w shee t numbers , an

d locatio

nP&I D dat a wer e al l placed i nth e dat a bas e a s plan t identificatio ninformatio

nonly . Fina l sequenc e number s wer e assigned b y th e compute r s o tha t eac hcomponent wa s uniquel y identifie

d inth e dat a base . Man

y plant s submitte

d secondar

y solvent name s an

d percentage s wit h thei r data . Th

e dat a bas e an

d calculation s fo

r al l th

e plant s wer e expande d t o hav e th e capability

fo r includin

g a s man

y a s tw o organi c solvents .
4.5. 2 Calibratio nDat a Shee t for Ethylen e Oxide Screenin

g
Th e E O workbook requeste d tha t th

e plant s calibrat e thei r analyzer s dail y usin g a methane standar d o f approximatel y

8,00 0 ppm . Include d inth e instrument calibratio nprocedure * i s a metho d fo r adjustin

g th e instrument zer

o an d "ful l scale " response . Th e plant s wer e t o determine th e analyze r respons e to thre e standar

d gase s containin

g approximatel y

2 0 ppm , 200ppm , an d 2,00 0 pp

m
4-1 7P.5 6

E O inair . For eac

hstandard , th

e instnunent respons e factor wa s t o b e determined usin

g Eq. 2 (se

e Sectio

n4.3 ) an

d th e instrument linearity determine

d usin g a linear leas t square s analysis . I f th e correlatio

n coefficien t wa s greate r tha n0.99 , th

e instrument wa s considere d linear an

d th e R F wa s th

e average o f th

e three upscal e RF values . I f th e correlatio

n coefficien t wa s les s tha n0.99 , a calibratio ncurv e wa s generate

d fo r convertin

g th e ra w OV A value s t

o VOC screenin

g values . Figur e 4- 3 show s a n analyze r calibratio nsheet .
Th e participant s varied considerabl y inadherin

g t o th e reques t concernin

g calibration . Mos t plant s complie d full y wit hth

e request . Tw

o plant s di d no t submi t calibratio ndata .
4.5. 3 Drif t Tes t Dat a Shee t fo r Ethylen

e Oxid e Screenin

g
Th e E O workbook requeste d tha t participant s challenge thei r analyzer s wit hon

e o f th e calibratio

nstandard s thre e time s a da y (a t th e beginning , inth

e middle , an

d at th e en d o f th e day ) t

o determin

e i f th e analyze r respons e wa s drifting . The y wer e t o recalibrat e th

e instrument s i f mor e tha

n 20Xerror wa s found . Figure 4- 4 show s ananalyze r drif t tes t repor t form . Zero respons e drif t (i f any ) wa s handled b y th e "zero " procedur e a s par t o f th

e dail y calibratio

nprocedure .

A s wit hth

e calibrations , th

e plant s varied considerabl y inadherin

g to thi s request . Drif t tes t dat a wer e no t receive d fro m thre e plants .
4. 3 Quality

Contro l Result s
Virtuall y

al l instrument s fo r whichmethane calibratio ndat a wer e submitte

d wer e foun

d to b e operatin

g properl y

an d achievin

g a methane respons e factor o f 1.00 . Th e result s o f th

e individua l plan t E O calibratio

nan d drif t test s appear inAppendi x3 . A summar y tabl e showin

g th e range o f result s fo r eac hplan t i s presented i nTabl e 4-3 .

4-1 8CALIBRATIO N DAT A SHEE T FO

RETHYLEN

E OXID E SCREENIN

G Plan t I D Instrument I

D Analys t Nam

e Certifie d Methane Concentratio n Certifie

d E O Concentration s

Dat e Tim

e Methane Readin g (PP" > Lo

w Mediu

m Hig h Blan k Standar

d Standar

d Standar

d Readin g Respons e Respons e Respons e (ppa ) (ppa ) (PP« ) (ppa ) 

### R Lo w Mediu

m Hig hAverag e R F R

F R F RF Comment a

VO

a ) K - correlatio n coefficien t Figur e 4-3
. Exampl e Calibratio n Reporting For m SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.DRIF T TES T DAT A SHEE T FO

RETHYLEN

E OXID E SCREENIN

G Plan t I D Instrumen

t I D Analys t Naa e

r o o Dat e Nomina l Gaa Cone , (ppmv ) Pre Tes t

Cone . X a (ppav ) Error Mi d Tes t Cone . X a (ppav ) Error Pos t Tes t Cone . X a (ppav ) Error Cowmen t a

, _ , certifie d cone - measure d cone . ._ _ a ) %erro r = x 10 0 certifie d cone . Figur e 4-4
. Exampl e Drif t Tes t Repor t For m SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

U l o oTABL E 4-3 . SUMMAR YO F CALIBRATIO

N AN D DRIF T TES T RESULT S

Plan t
1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 Inst r

1 2

1 2 1 2 Rang * o f

Lo w Lava l RF' a
2.0 3 4.7 6 0.7 3 1.0 0 2.7 3 4.0 0 0.9 3 1.1 1 0.9 9 0.9 9 1.3 0 1.1 1 - 2.3 9

- 4.7 6 M H

- 0.7 3

- 1.1 7

- 3.1 4

- 5.0 0

- 0.9 5

- 1.1 1 N M

- 1.0 7

- 1.2 1

- 1.3 0

- 1.1 8 

### m Rang * o f

Mi d Lava l RF' a
2.0 0 3.1 0 1.8 6 1.3 6 2.2 2 2.5 0 4.0 0 2.0 6 1.1 1 1.0 0 1.1 8 1.7 7 2.2 2 - 2.8 5

- 5.7 2

- 2.0 9

- 1.9 6

- 2.5 0

- 2.8 6

- 5.0 0

- 2.0 6

- 1.1 2 K M

- 1.1 8

- 1.1 8

- 1.7 7

- 2.2 2 K M Rang * o f

Hig hLava l RF' a
2.6 1
2.0 0 2.2 2 2.5 0 3.8 1 1.9 9 1.0 8 1.1 4 1.1 8 1.7 8 2.2 2 - 2.9 6 K M M N

- 2.0 0

- 2.5 0

- 2.5 0

- 4.0 0

- 2.1 0

- 1.1 1 K M

- 1.1 4

- 1.1 8

- 1.7 8

- 2.2 2 K M Rang * o f

Applia d RF' a
2.1 0 - 5.0 0 - 1.7 0 - 1.5 6 - 1.8 5 - 2.5 8 - 3.9 4 - 2.0 8 - 1.1 0 - 2.4 6 - 1.1 1 - 1.1 9 - 1.5 9 - 2.2 2 - 1.9 2 - 2.5 0 5.7 0 2.1 3 1.5 6 2.0 0 2.8 3 4.6 7 2.0 6 1.1 1 2.4 6 1.1 1 1.1 9 1.5 9 2.2 2 1.9 2 Rang * o f

Correlatio

n Co-Efflciant a
0.999 3
0.999 8 0.998 0 0.999 9 0.999 7 0.999 9 0.999 9 0.999 9 0.999 9 0.999 2 0.999 9 - 0.999 8 N M N M

- 0.899 8

- 0.999 9

- 0.999 9

- 1.000 0

- 0.999 9

- 1.000 0 N M

- 0.999 9

- 0.999 9

- 0.999 2

- 0.999 9 N M Ranga o f

Drif t Taat a ( X
0.2 7 0.3 5 9.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 0 1.6 0 5.0 0 0.0 0 Drift )

- 14.0 0

- 3.2 0

- 12.7 0

- 15.0 0

- 0.0 0

- 18.0 9

- 2.9 0 ' 4.3 0

- 0.3 7 

### m*

- 10.8 7

- 17.0 0 M M

- 0.0 0 KM N o calibratio

no r drif t taa t dat a war a aubaltta d wit hth

a aeraanln

g data , waa appliad . A n R F aqua l t o th

a avarag

a o f al l dat a i

n han d at th a tim a

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUME R 1988 .

c oP.6 0

Th e individua l plant E O calibratio

ndat a wer e initiall y examine

d fo r linearity

o f respons e usin

g a linear leas t square s analysi s o f th e multipoin t data . Th

e correlatio

n coefficient s show ninTabl e 4- 3 range fro m 0.999 2 t

o 1.0000 . A s describe d earlier , i f th

e resultin

g correlatio

ncoefficien t wa s greate r tha

n0.99 , th

e instrument wa s considere d linear and , ingeneral , th e average E

O respons e factor wa s used t o calculat e results . Insom e instances , th e lo w R F wa s no t used t

o determin

e th e RF t o b e applied . I nal l case s wher e thi s wa s done , th

e low-calibratio

n RF wa s muchlower tha nth e medium - an

d high-leve l RF . Th

e ne t resul t o f no t usin g thes e dat a wa s a conservativ e calculatio

nroutin

e tha t provide

d fo r screenin

g value s tha t wer e potentiall y highe r tha

nmight otherwis e hav e bee ncalculated . Periodically , th

e analyzer s wer e teste d fo r driftin

g response . Th

e result s fo

r thes e drif t test s (show ninTabl e 4-3 ) range fro m 0.0 0 t o 18.09X . Al l o f th

e result s are withi nth e 20Xdrif t acceptability limit s originall y recommende

d b y th e EOI C Workbook

4-2 2P.61

5. 0 DAT

A ANALYSI S
Thi s sectio

ncontain s a descriptio no f th e dat a analysi s method s an d a brie f summar

y descriptio

no f th e dat a submitte

d b y eac hparticipatin

g company .
5. 1 Convertin g Ra w OV A Value s t

o EO-Soecifi c Emissio nEstimate s


### 5.1. 1 Tfreoy

y
Th e dat a sheet s requeste d backgroun

d OV A values , alon

g wit hra

w screenin

g value s an

d strea m compositio

ndat a fo

r th e component s tested . I f th e Ra w OV A scree nvalue wa s equa l t o or greate r tha

n10,00 0 ppm , a s define d b y EPA , the

nth e component wa s declare d t o b e a leaker (11 ) an

d th e emission s contributio

nfro m th e Leak/N

o Lea k tabl e (Tabl e 4-1 ) wa s assigne d fo r al l , remainin

g dat a analysi s purpose s t o tha t component ; i.e . th e screenin

g t o lea k rat e correlatio

nequation s wer e no t used t o calculat e a

nalternat e emissio n estimat e for thes e "pegged " sources . For al l non-leakers , a screenin g valu e correspondin

g to th e tota l VOC emission s wa s derive d an d a fugitiv

e emission s estimat e wa s mad

e accordin

g t o th e followin

g guidelines :

• Correcte

d scree nvalu e - Th e backgroun

d OV A value wa s subtracte

d fro m th e ra w screenin

g value t

o obtai na correcte d screenin

g value . Thi s correcte d OV A value wa s se t t

o zer o i f th e calculated value wa s les s tha nzero .

• VOC scree

nvalu e - Th e correcte

d screenin

g value wa s adjuste d t o account fo

r lin e compositio

nan d instrument respons e factor s usin g Equatio

n3 ;

VOC Corraeta d Scraa n . f(EQX«E

Q RF ) + (S0L1X«S0L 1 RF ) + (S0L2X*S0L 2 RF) 1 Scraa n (Eq . 3 ) (E O X+ SOL I X-l

- S0L 2 Z ) Valu a



### 5- 1P.6 2

where : EO

Xi s th e weigh t percentage o f E O i nth e component unde r tes t ( a slight error inoveral l result s i s obtaine d sinc e th

e screenin

g instrument response s are o na mol e percen t basis) ;

E O RF i s th

e instrument respons e factor fo r ethylen

e oxid e derive

d fro m th e dat a supplie

d wit hth

e screenin

g tes t result s (se

e individua l plant dat a containe d inAppendi x3) ;
S0L1Xan

d S0L2 Xar

e th e tw o major organi c solvent s liste d o nth e dat a shee t (onl

y thos e tha t woul d hav e a nOV A respons e wer e included) ; an

d

SOL I RF an

d S0L 2 RF are th

e published respons e factor s fo r solvent 1 an d solven t 2 , eac

ha t a nOV A mete r readin

g o f 10,00 0 pp

m (12 ) (se

e Tabl e 5- 1 fo

r compoun

d name s an

d R F value s used inth e calculations) ;

• Averag e SOCM I emission s estimat e • Th e estimated VOC mas s emission s fo

r eac hcomponent wer e calculate d fro m th e average SOCM I emission s factor previousl y show ninTabl e 4-1 ;

• E O Weigh t Fractio

n- Th e weigh t fractio

no f E O inth e strea m wa s calculate

d fro m Equatio

n4 :

E O W T FRA C - ES 2 (Eq / 4 ) E O W T FRA C - (E Q x+ SQL 1 x + SQL 2 x ) Leak/N o Leak Emissio

nEstimat e - Th

e VOC screenin

g value fo

r eac hcomponent wa s assesse d t o determin

e i f th e component wa s leakin g (i.e. , >10,00 0 ppm) . Th e appropriat e emissio nfactor fro m Tabl e 4- 1 wa s selecte d an d correcte

d fo r th e E O weight fractio n t o determin

e th e E O emissio

nrate . Fo

r component s wit ha RA

W OV A value o f 10,00 0 pp m or greater , th

e LEA K emissio nfactor wa s assigned automaticall y befor e correctio

n fo r E O weight fraction .



### 5- 2P.6 3

TABL E 5-1 . ORGANI C SOLVEN T AN D RESPONS E FACTORS *

g = i ' " ' =^

- s ——^-—
. • Compoun d RF
Acetetaldehyde Sam e a s fo r E O Butano l 1.4 4 Ethan e 0.6 5 Ethano l 1.7 8 Ethylen e 0.7 1 Methane 1.0 0

* Takenfro

m U S EP A Respons e Factor s o f VOC Analyzer s at a Mete r Readin g o f 10,00 0 pp

m fo r Selecte

d Organi c Compounds . Publicatio nNo . EPA-600/2-81 - 051 , 198 1 (Re f 13) .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .



### 5- 3P.6 4

• Stratifie

d Emissio

nEstimat e - Th

e VOC screenin

g valu e fo r eac h component wa s compare d wit hth

e lo w range o f 0 t

o 99 9 ppm , a mid-range o f 100 0 t o 9999 , an

d th e hig hrang e o f 1000 0 pp

m o r more . Th

e appropriat e emissio nfactor fro

m Tabl e 4- 1 wa s selecte d an d correcte

d fo r E O weigh t fractio

nt o estimat e th

e E O fugitiv

e emissions . Fo

r component s wit ha RA W OV A valu e o f 10,00 0 pp

m o r greater , th

e HIG H emissio

nfactor wa s automaticall y

assigne

d an d the ncorrecte

d fo r th e weight fractio no f E O inth e stream .

• Calculate

d Emissio

nEstimat e - Fo

r component s declare d t o b e leaker s becaus e thei r RA W OV A value wa s 10,00 0 pp m o r more , th

e appropriat e LEA

Kcontributio

nfro m th e LEAK/N

O LEA Ktabl e wa s selecte d fo r th e calculate

d emission s estimate . Fo r al l other components , th

e VOC screenin

g value wa s use

d inth e correlatio

n equation s fro

m Tabl e 4- 2 an

d th e resultan t emission s correcte d fo r E O weight fractio

nt o determin

e th e E O fugitiv

e emissio

n estimate . Fo

r component s wit ha VOC screenin g value belo

w 8.1 7 ppm , th e EPA-specifie

d lower limi t o f 8.1 7 pp m defaul t value wa s used inth

e calculation . Calculation s wer e mad e usin g th e correlatio

nequation s an

d allowin

g th e screenin

g value t

o be a s lo

w a s 0 pp

m (show na s LLD- 0 throughout th e remainde r o f thi s report) . I nman y cases , th

e OV A screenin

g value an

d backgroun

d OV A value wer e identical , leadin g t o a correcte

d screenin

g valu e o f 0 ppm .

A

nadditiona l calculatio nwa s mad

e usin g th e defaul t zero mas s emissio nfactor s develope

d fro m severa l "zer

o screening " component s bagged durin g thi s stud

y i nfou r plants . Thi s topi c i s describe d ingreate r detai l inSectio

n 5.4 . Th

e resultin

g correlatio

ncurv e (EOIC ) use

d th e individua l EOI C defaul t zero emissio nfactor s a s th

e lower limi t o f emissions . Ne w EOI C emissio nfactor s wer e develope d fo r onl y three classe s o f components : valve s inliqui d service , valve s inga s service , an d flanges . Ther e wa s insufficient dat a to develo

p a ne w EOI C defaul t zer

o emissio

nfactor fo

r pump s an

d other
5- 4P.6 5

components . Th

e EP A defaul t emissio

nfactors , correcte d fo r E O weight fraction , wer e use

d fo r pump s an

d other components .
5.1. 2 Practica l Example s

Thi s sectio

nprovide s detaile

d description s o f th e calculation s use

d fo r severa l combination s o f components , screenin g values , an

d lin e compositions .

Exampl e 1 :
Component Typ

e - Valv

e inliqui d service ;

Ra w Screenin

g Value - >10,00 0 ppm ; Backgroun

d OV A Value - 3 ppm ;

EO X- 60X ;

E O RF - 1.20 ;
Solvent 1 - Wate r - non-VOC ;

E O Weigh t Fractio

n- 100X ;
Th e average SOCM I emissio nestimat e fo

r thi s component come s directl y

fro m Tabl e 4- 1 an

d i s 0.015 6 lb/hr ;
Th e Leak/N

o Leak emissio

nestimat e i s take

ndirectl y

fro m th e lea k colum no f Tabl e 4- 1 an

d i s 0.187 8 lb/hr . Not e tha t sinc e thi s component gav

e a "pegged " OV

A scree nvalue , i t i s declare d t o b e a "leaker " an

d n o correction s are mad e fo r instrument RF ; an d



### 5- 5P.6 6

• Al l othe r emissio nestimate s (stratifie d an d al l correlatio

n curves ) are assigne d th e sam e lea k value (0,187 8 lb/hr ) a s above . Exampl e 2 :

• Component Typ

e - Valv

e inga s service ;

• Ra w Screenin

g Value - 2,00 0 ppm ;

• Backgroun

d OV A - 3 ppm ;

EO X- 35X ;

E O RF - 1.11 ;

• Solvent 1 - Ethan e at 20X(remainin

g solvent - wate r an d fixe d gase s totallin

g 45X) ;

E O Weight Fractio

n- ( 3 5 | * 10 0 - 64 X 3 5 + 2 0

Th e average SOCM I estimate d emissio

nrat e fro

m Tabl e 4- 1 i s 0.012 3 lb/hr ;
Th e correcte

d OV A value - 2,00 0 - 3 - 199 7 ppm ;
Th e VOC scree

nvalue - 199 7 x(0.3 5 * 1.1 1 + 0.2 0 * 0.65 ) - 1,88 3 pp m (.3 5 + .20 )
where : 0.6 5 i s th

e RF fo r ethan e a s give

ninTabl e 5-1 .



### 5- 6P.6 7

• Th e Leak/N

o Lea k estimate

d emission s are 64

Xo f 0.00106 0 - 0.00067 8 lb/hr . Sinc e 1,88 3 pp m i s les s tha

nth e 10,00 0 pp

m leve l necessar

y fo r a leaker , thi s component i s considered t o b e a non-leaker , an

d th e 0.00106 0 lb/h

r contributio

nfo r tota l VOC i s appropriate .

• Th e stratifie

d metho d estimate

d emission s are 64

Xo f 0.00364 0 - 0.00233 0 lb/hr . Th e 1,88 3 pp m VOC screenin

g value fall s inth e mid-leve l strata .

• Fo r th e correlatio

ncurve , th

e 1,88 3 pp

m VOC screenin

g valu e i s substitute

d into th

e ga s phas e valv

e equatio

no f Tabl e 4- 2 t

o giv e a tota l VOC emission s estimat e o f 0.00312 5 lb/hr . Th e E O portio no f thi s i s 64X , or 0.00200 0 lb/hr . Sinc e thi s i s wel l abov e th e defaul t zero value s (of bot hEP A an d th e EOIC) , n

o further correction s are necessary , an d al l correlatio

ncurv e result s are th

e sam e 0.0020 0 lb/hr . Exampl e 3 :

• Component Typ

e - Flange ;

• Ra w Screenin

g Valu e - 5 ppm ;

• Backgroun

d OV A - 3 ppm ;
EO X- 4X ;

E O R F - 1.56 ;

• Solvent 1 - Ethylen e at 11 X(water an

d fixe d gase s totallin

g 85X) ;

E O Weigh t Fractio

n- ( 4 ) * 10 0 - 27X \ 4 + H i


### 5- 7P.6 8

Th e average SOCM I emission s estimat e i s 0.0018 3 lb/hr ;
Th e correcte

d OV A value - 5- 3 - 2 ppm ;
Th e VO C scree nvalu e -


### 9 v (.0 * * l.M



### + , U* .71 )
_

, , « 7 nT 

### , m 2 x(.04 + .11 ) ll8 7 Pp m Th e Leak/N

o Lea k estimat e - .00013 0 x.2 7 - 0.00035 1 lb/hr ;
Th e stratifie

d metho d estimat e - 0.00004 4 x.2 7 - 0.00001 2 lb/hr ; Throug hstraight forwar

d applicatio

no f th e correlatio

n equation , th

e correlatio

ncurv e give s a preliminar y estimat e o f 0.000062 3 lb/hr . A EO-specifi c value o f 0.000016 8 lb/h r i s obtaine d b y multiplyin

g b y th e fractio

n(0.27) ;
Sinc e th

e initia l screenin

g value i s belo

w th e 8.1 7 pp

m lower limi t allowe

d b y EPA , th

e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA ) emissio

n estimat e i s take

na s th e defaul t value fro m Tabl e 4- 2 (0.00020 5 lb/hr ) correcte

d fo r E O weight fractio

n(0.27 ) t

o giv e 0.00005 5 lb/hr .
Th e correlatio

ncurv e (LLD-0 ) give s th

e 0.000016 8 lb/h

r emissio n estimat e described above .
Th e correlatio

ncurv e (EOIC ) emissio

nvalue i s 0.000016 8 lb/h r (a s calculate

d above ) sinc e thi s value i s highe r tha nth e EOI C defaul t value fo

r flange s (0.00000035 2 lb/h r a s described in Sectio n5.4) .



### 5- 8P.6 9

5. 2 Summar

y o f Component s Studie d

Surve y dat a fro

m a tota l o f 18,22 7 individua l component s wer e receive d fro m 1 2 ethylen

e oxid e productio

nfacilities . Thes e dat a ar e summarize

d b y plant inTabl e 5-2 . Fewe r tha n4 X(664 ) o f th

e component s were inaccessible . Figur e 5- 1 illustrate s th e distributio

no f accessibl e components . O f th

e 17,56 3 accessibl e components , 47.5 X(8326 ) wer e valve s i n liqui d service , 19X(3306 ) wer e valve s inga s service , 27X(4742 ) wer e flanges , an

d 4 X(754 ) wer e open-ende d lines . Th

e remainin

g 2.5 X(435 ) comprise

d a combinatio

no f seale

d flanges , pumps , safet y valves , sampl e points , an

d compressors .
Th e productio

no f E O proceed s b

y stage s fro

m th e crud e chemica l i

na mixtur e wit hwate r to th e finishe

d product . Th

e concentratio

no f E O increase s steadil y

throughou t thi s process . Th e temperature , pressure , an d othe r operatin

g condition s var

y throughout th

e differen t stage s o f th e productio

n process . To investigat e whethe r difference s inemission s resulte d fro m difference s inplan t operations , th e dat a wer e studie

d a s a functio

no f th e followin

g range s o f E

O concentration :

I Xto 2X ; 2 Xto 5X , 5 Xt o 10X ; 10Xt o 50X ; 50Xt o 95X ; an

d Greate r tha

n95X .
Tabl e 5- 3 an

d I nFigur e 5- 2 sho w th e distributio

no f component s b

y E O concentration . Th

e uppe r portio

no f Tabl e 5- 3 show s th e actua l number s o f component s o f eac

htyp e (i.e. , th

e numbe r o f valve s inliqui d service , th e numbe r o f valve s inga s service , etc. ) ineac ho f th e sixE O concentratio

n ranges . Th

e botto m portio no f Tabl e 5- 3 show s th e percentage o f eac htyp e o f component i neacho f th e si xE O concentratio

nranges. - For example , th e 29 4 valve s i n liqui d servic e inth e E O range o f I

Xt o 2 Xrepresen t 3

Xo f th e tota l number o f liqui d Valve s (8326 ) teste d inth e study .
5- 9TABL E 5-2 . SUMMAR YOF E O COMPONENT S STUDIE D

Kjs I Plan t

Numbe r

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2
TOTAL Liqui d

Valve s

93 3 110 7 23 3 38 0 70 9 75 6 87 8 69 4 88 3 45 6 52 5 77 2
832 6 Ga s

Valve s

57 3 40 8 13 2 15 4 38 8 40 6 43 3 7 2 10 7 11 0 11 1 41 2
330 6 Flange s

10 4 17 7 11 5 14 4 15 8 40 8 15 1 32 8 127 6 70 6 15 0 102 5
474 2 Seale d

Flange s

0 0 0 0 0 9 9 5 0 0 0 1 0
10 5 Open

Ende d Line s

14 1 36 1 3 7 0 2 0 6 2 0 3 12 7 1 0
75 4 Pump s

2 6 2 5 8 0 1 7 4 1 9 1 5 1 9 1 1 2 4 2 2
19 0 Safet y

Valve s

5 0 4 0 4 3 2 5 6 0 1 2 1 0 0
10 5 Sampl e

Point s

1 5 0 8 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 Compresso r

0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Accessibl e

Tota l

179 7 209 9 53 7 67 8 132 0 170 2 155 8 110 9 228 9 143 1 81 2 223 1
1756 3 Inaccessibl e

3 4 4 8 0 0 3 5 4 6 0 0 30 8 5 1 18 7
66 4 Tota l

183 1 214 7 53 7 67 8 135 5 174 8 155 8 110 9 259 7 143 6 81 3 241 8
1822 7

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

oP.7 1

832 6

330 6

19 5 10 5

484 7 78 4

I I I I I I I VALVE S (LIQ ) V////X VALVE S CGAS

5 

## PUMP S 8 , COMPRES S OPE N EN D LIN E & S P

s 

## ^^^ l FLANGE S & S F SAFETYVALVE S

Figur e 5-1 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : E

O Productio

nFacilities : Distributio

no f Component s Sample d

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 , 5-1 1P.7 2

TABL E 5-3 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YE O CONCENTRATIO

N

Component Typ

e
Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Flange Seale d Flange Open-ended Lin

e Pum p Safet y Valv e Sampl e Point Compressor

Tota l Number :

Component Typ

e
Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Flange Seale d Flange Open-ende

d Lin e Pum p Safet y Valv e Sampl e Point Compressor Weighted Average 1X-2 X
29 4 77 2 58 1 1 2 0 7 3 9 0 1

171 5

1X-2X
3 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 3 7 0 2 0

X : 1 0 Number o f

2X-5 X

41 5 74 1 34 3 0 14 8 8 2 4 1

166 2

2X-5X

5 2 3 7 0 2 0 4 2 1 3 2 0
9 Comoonent s InEO XRane e 5X-10 X

24 5 3 8 9 5 1 1 5 8 3 3 0
40 8

Percentae e 5 X -10 X
3 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 0 0

2 10X-50 X
91 2 42 1 53 0 2 15 2 2 8 1 0 4 0
205 9 50X-95 X

104 2 33 3 61 7 1 3 5 1 3 9 1 1 2 3

211 1

o f Comoonent s 10X-50 X

1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 0 1 5 1 0 1 3 0

1 2 ; i

( >95 X

541 8 L00 1 257 6 8 8 36 8 10 0 4 0 1 7 0
960 8 Tota l

832 6 330 6 474 2 10 5 75 4 19 0 10 5 3 0 5
1756 3

In . EQX, Ra^e e 50X- <
1 3 1 0 1 3 1 2 7 2 1 1 0 7 6 0

1 2 J5 X >95 X
6 5 3 0 5 5 8 4 4 9 5 2 3 8 5 7 0

5 5

a Weighted average - Tota l number o f component s ina give nE O concentratio

n range expresse

d a s a percentage o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s inal l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-1 2P.7 3



### 5 5 Z



### 1 2 Z 

### 1 0 Z



### 9 

### Z 1 4 Z


# E EO i > 9 5 Z
EO i 50-9 5 Z 

## E ^ 3 EO . 

## 5 - 5 0 

## Z V777Z\ EO

. 2 - s z
EO . 1 - 2 Z

Figur e -5-2 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : E

O Productio

nFacilitie s Distributio

no f Equipment b

y E O Concentratio

ninLin

e
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-1 3P.7 4

Th e weighted average dat a i nTabl e 5- 3 giv e th e tota l numbe r o f component s i nth

e E O concentratio

nrange expresse

d a s a percentag e o f th e tota l numbe r o f components . For example , th e 2,05 9 component s wit hE O between 10Xan d 50Xrepresen t 12Xo f th e 17,56 3 component s tested . A simpl e arithmeti c average o f th e dat a i nth

e 10Xto 50Xcolum

ni s 10.6X . Fifty-fiv

e percen t o f th

e component s teste

d inthi s stud

y wer e in line s containin

g 95 Xor mor e EO . Approximatel y equa l number s o f component s teste d wer e inth

e E O concentratio

nrange s o f 1X-2 X(10X) , 2X-5X(9X) , 10X-50 X (12X) , an

d 50X-95 X(12X) . Th e concentratio

nrang e o f 5X-10 XE

O containe

d only 2 Xo f th e numbe r o f component s tested .
Tabl e 5- 4 show

s a distributio

no f th e teste d component s ineac hE O concentratio

nrange b

y ra w OV A screenin

g value . Th

e OV A screenin

g value s cove r a six-decad

e range fro

m 0 pp m t o 10,00 0 pp

m or more . Th

e uppe r portio

n o f Tabl e 5- 4 show

s th e numbe r o f component s ineac hcategory , whil e th e lower portio nshow s th e percentage o f th

e tota l containe

d ineac

hrange . Th

e percentag e value s are illustrate d i nFigur e 5-3 . Mos t component s had ver y lo w screenin

g values . Slightl y ove r 20 Xo f al l component s had screenin g value s o f 0 ppm . Abou t 87 Xhad screenin g value s belo

w 1 0 pp m an d almos t 98Xhad screenin

g value s belo

w 100 0 ppm . For al l component s studied , th e numbe r o f leaker s (screenin

g value o f 10,00 0 pp m or more ) average

d 0.58X .
Tabl e 5- 5 show

s a distributio

no f th e teste d component s fo

r eac h component typ

e ineac

hra w OV A screenin

g value range (without regar d t o E O concentration) . Th e uppe r portio

no f Tabl e 5- 5 show s th e numbe r o f component s ineac hcategory , whil e th e lower portio

nshow s th e percentag e o f th

e tota l contained ineac

hrange . Som

e genera l observation s ca nb e made fro

m thes e results . Overall , th e percentage o f component s havin g screenin

g value s o f les s tha

n1 0 pp m varied fro

m a hig ho f 93Xfo

r safet y valve s t

o a lo w o f 60X fo r pump s an

d compressors . A

t th e othe r en

d o f th e scale , th

e percentage o f leaker s varied fro

m a hig ho f 4.2

Xfo r pump s t

o a lo w o f O Xfo r compressors , safet y valves , an

d sampl e points . Mor e detaile d result s an

d a discussio

no f eac hcomponent typ

e wil l appear i nth e followin

g section s o f thi s report .

5-1 4P.7 5

TABL E 5-4
. DISTRIBUTIONO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y E O CONCENTRATIONFO R AL L PLANT S AN

D AL L COMPONENT S

Ethyle r i e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX T O 2X T O 5X T O 10 X T O SO X T O 95 X T O TOTAL (AL L E C

Ethyle r 2 X

5 X 10 X 50 X 95 X 100 X
) RANGES )

t e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX T O 2 X T O 5X T O 10 X T O 50 X T O 95 X T O 2 X 5 X 10 X 50 X 95 X 100 X Weighte d Average " Numbe r ( 0- 9 pp m
150 6 125 4 35 2 162 1 180 5 872 0
1525 8 af Component s i n

10-9 9 ppm
9 2 29 6 4 3 38 6 26 4 73 0
181 1 Screenin z Valu e Rane e

100-99 9 ppm
3 7 7 7 1 0 4 4 2 7 8 6
28 1

Percentae e o f Comoonent s 0- 9 pp m
87.8 1 75.4 5 86.2 7 78.7 3 85.5 0 90.7 6 86.8 8 10-9 9 pp

m
5 1 7 1 0 1 8 1 2 7 10
. 3 6 8 1 5 4 7 5 5 1 6 0 3 1 1000

-

ppm
2 6 2 8 2 5 1 0 4 0

11 1 >999 9

pp m
5 4 7 1 3 5 3 2
10 2

I n Screenin e Valu e Rane e 100

-
2 4 2 2 1

1
. 99 9
.1 6 .6 3 .4 5 .1 4 .2 8 .9 0 6 0 pp m 1000

- 999 9 pp m
1.5 2 1.6 8 .4 9 .2 4 .4 7 .4 2 .6 3 Tota l

171 5 166 2 40 8 205 9 211 1 960 8
1756 3

>999 9 pp

m
3.1 5 .4 2 .2 5 .1 5 .2 4 .3 3 .5 8 Weighte d Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f the tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-1 5P.7 6

8 6 . 9 Z

1 0 . 3 Z



## < 1 0 pp m Y////A 10-9 9 pp

m ^S^NSS l 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp m >10.00 0 pp m

Figur e 5-3 . E

O Productio n Facilities : Distributio n o f Component s b y Screenin g Value s
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-1 6P.7 7

TABL E 5-5 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RAL L PLANT S AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATION S

Componen t Typ

e Numbe r o f Component s inScreenin g Valu e Rane e 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 pp m 100-99 9

pp m 1000 -

pp m >999 9

pp m Tota l
Valv e (liq ) 750 8 71 7 Valv e (gas ) 282 6 32 7 Safet y Valv e 9 8 6 Sampl e Point 2 7 3 Seale d Flange 8 8 1 1 Pum p 11 4 3 2 Open-Ended Line 57 5 10 8 Flange 401 9 60 6 Compressor 3 1 Tota l 1525 8 181 1 6 7 7 0 1 0 0 3 0 4 8 6 4 1 28 1 2 2

4 3 0 0 2 6 1 4 2 4 0 11 1 1 2

4 0 0 0 4 8 9 2 9 0 10 2 832 6

330 6 10 5 3 0 10 5 19 0 75 4 474 2 5 1756 3

Component Typ

e Percentage o f Component s InScreenin g Value Rane e 1000 - 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 ppm . 100-99 9 pp m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m
Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Point Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ended Lin

e Flange Compressor Weighted Average * 90.1 8 85.4 8 93.3 3 90.0 0 83.8 1 60.0 0 76.2 6 84.7 5 60.0 0 86.88 ' 8.6 1

9.8 9 5.7 1 10.0 0 10.4 8 16.8 4 14.3 2 12.7 8 20.0 0 10.3 1 

### .8 0

2.1 2 

### .95 0.0 0 0.0 0 15.7 9 6.3 7 1.3 5 20.0 0 1.6 0 

### .26

1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.9 0 3.1 6 1.8 6 

### .5 1 0.0 0 

### .6 3 .1

4 1.2 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.8 1 4.2 1 1.1 9 

### .61 0.0 0 

### .58

* Weighted Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i na givenE O concentratio

n range expresse

d a s a percentage o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s inal l ranges .

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-1 7Estimate d emission s wer e develope d fo r eac ho f th e 17,56 3 component s usin g eac ho f th e estimatio

nmethod s previousl y described . Th

e mean(average ) emissio nfactor fo

r eac hcomponent typ

e i s show

n i nTabl e 5-6 . I ngeneral , th e progressio

no f estimate s a s on e proceed s fro

m lef t t o righ t inth e tabl e involve s increasingl y mor e sophisticate

d method s o f estimatin g fugitiv

e emissions . Th

e average SOCM I estimat e take s into account onl y th e number o f component s an

d th e average SOCM I value fro m th e EP A stud y conducted about 1 0 year s ago . Th

e meanE

O amount i s th

e average o f th

e E O concentratio

n expresse

d a s a percentage o f al l VOC inth e lines , i.e. , th

e weight fractio

n o f EO . Th

e leak/n

o lea k valu e divide s th

e component s int o leaker s o r non-leakers , based o nth e OV A screenin

g value , applie s th e appropriat e emission s facto

r fo r eac hcomponent , an

d correct s fo

r th e weight fractio

no f EO . Th e stratifie

d emission s metho

d partition s th

e component s int o three categories , dependin g o nOV A screenin

g value , applie s th e appropriat e emissio n factor , an

d correct s fo

r E O weight fraction . Al l othe r emission s estimate s us e th e EP A correlatio

nequation s (previously give ninTabl e 4-2 ) wit h differen t "defaul t values" . A defaul t or lowe r leve l o f detectio n(LLD ) o f 8.1 7 pp m i s specifie

d b y th e EPA , based o

nth e dat a se t that the y have . Man

y EOI C membe r companie s expresse d thei r belie f tha t th e correlatio

ncalculatio

n shoul d be based o

nth e actua l value obtained , i.e. , allowin g th e LL D t o g o t o 0 i f tha t wa s reported . A s mentioned earlier , almos t 20Xo f th e screenin

g value s wer e zero afte r backgroun d correction . Finally , th e result s o f baggin g test s conducted durin g thi s stud

y provide

d adequat e dat a t

o deriv e ne w an d individua l EOI C "defaul t zero " emissio nestimate s fo

r flange s an

d bot htype s o f valve s (liqui d an d ga s service) . Th e detail s o f thi s baggin g stud y ar e presented later , alon g wit hth

e ne w defaul t zer

o emission s value s (Sectio n 5.4) . Tabl e 5- 6 show s th e average emission s estimate s allowing>eacho f thes e defaul t zer o values . Meanemissio nfactor summar

y report s (similar t o Tabl e 5-6 ) fo r eac hplan t appear inAppendi x3 . Thes e meanemission s factor s wil l b e discusse

d furthe r inth

e followin

g section s tha t cove r eac hcomponent typ

e separately .

5-1 8TABL E

Componen

t Typ e
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin

t Seale d Flang e Pum p Open-Ende

d Lin e Flang e Compresso

r 5-6
. SUMMAR

Y O F ESTIMATE D

Number o f Component s
832 6 330 6 10 5 3 0 10 5 19 0 75 4 474 2 5 Mea

n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
3 1 28 5 8 4 45 5 270 1 45 0 22 6 6 3 Mea

n EO Amoun t <- >
98. 8 77. 8 92. 0 100. 0 99. 2 99. 8 89. 4 93. 5 83. 1 ETHYLENE EMISSIO N

Average SOCMI
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FACTOR ESTIMATE S FOR

Mea n Leak / N o Lea k
.00403 4 .00135 8 .09066 4 .00330 0 .00406 1 .07564 9 .00327 4 .00047 0 .16368 8 Emissio

n Factor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00100 1 .00079 4 .02871 7 .00029 0 .00416 3 .05846 2 .00095 6 .00046 6 .02070 0 FO R AL L AL L COMPONENT S

(Al l Value s i

n Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00139 3 .00049 4 .00016 5 .00008 8 .00526 6 .04265 1 .00107 8 .00071 4 .00076 7 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00055 0 .00044 4 .00009 5 .00000 0 .00509 6 .04260 2 .00102 3 .00055 5 .00071 4 PLANTS :

Correlatio

n Curv e (EOIC )
.00055 0 .00044 4 .00016 5 .00008 6 .00509 6 .04265 1 .00107 8 .00055 5 .00076 7

O l I a- a SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

C OP.8 0

Th e dat a inTabl e 5- 6 sho w th e average or meanOV A screenin

g valu e fo r eac hcomponent typ

e inthi s study . Tabl e 5- 7 compare s thes e value s with th e correspondin

g average value s fro m th e previou s EP

A fugitiv

e emission s studies . Th

e average SOCM I value s wer e calculate d usin g th e correlatio

n equation s presented inTabl e 4-2 .

Fo r al l component type s except flange s an d sampl e points , whic hwer e treate d th e sam e a s open-ende

d lines , a reductio ninmeanscreenin

g value s wa s see ninthi s study . Sinc e virtuall y al l screenin

g test s o f sampl e point s wer e performed whe nth

e sampl e point s wer e no t inus e fo r sampling , the

y corresponde

d mor e closel y

t o uncappe

d open-ende

d line s tha

nt o th e "inuse " sampl e point s o f previou s EP A studies .
For thos e component s fo r whichscreenin

g value reduction s wer e recorded , th

e reduction s range

d fro m 14.3Xfo

r open-ende

d line s t

o 99.9+Xfo

r compressor s an

d safet y valves . Th

e principa l reason s fo r thes e reduce

d emission s are probabl y improve

d plant desig

ncriteria , operations , an d maintenanc e programs . Sectio n6 o f thi s repor t discusse s other possibl e explanation s fo

r thes e reductions .
Th e relatio

nbetweenfugitiv

e emissio

nfactor s an

d E O concentratio

n wa s explore

d b y determinin

g meanemissio

nfactor s fo

r eac hcomponent typ

e in eac ho f si xE

O concentratio

nranges . Thes e factor s are show ninTable s 5- 8 throug h5-13 . Th

e effect , i f any , o f E O concentratio

no nmeanemissio

n factor s wil l b

e discusse

d inth e followin

g section s a s i t pertain s t o individua l component types .
5. 3 Emission s B y Component Typ

e an d Servic e Categor

y Fugitiv e emission s inth

e chemica l industr

y are considere

d t o b e thos e volatil e organi c compoun d (VOC ) emission s tha t resul t whe nproces s flui d (either liqui d o

r gas ) leak s fro

m th e plant equipment . Eigh t type s o f component s wer e include d i nthi s study . Valve s wer e furthe r separate d into valve s i nliqui d servic e an d valve s i nga s service . Thi s sectio npresent s th

e dat a fo r eacho f thes e nin e categories .

5-2 0P.8 1

r

TABL E 5-7 . COMPARISO NO F OV ASCREE NVALUE S FROM THI S E O STUDY WIT H THOS E ESTIMATE D FROM SOCM I FACTOR S

Componen t Typ e SOCM I (ppm) '
281 5 1365 0 11 5 52 5 2270 0 5190 0 52 5 12450 0 E O Stud y (ppm )

3 1 28 5 22 6 45 0 270 1 8 4 6 3 Reductio n

(X) b

98. 9 97. 9 -96. 5 14. 3 88. 1 99.9 + 99. 2 99.9 + Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Flang e Open-Ende d Lin e Pum p Safet yValv e Sampl e Poin t Compresso r

• SOCM I scree n valu e derive d fro mthe correlatio n equatio n give n i n Tabl e 4-2
. b Reductio n calculate d from : SOCM I Valu e - EOI C Valu e X Reductio n * 10 0 SOCM I Valu e
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-2 1TABL E 5-8 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RAL L PARTICIPATIN G PLANTS : EMISSIO N FACTO R ESTIMATE S FORCOMPONENT S WIT H E O CONCENTRATIO N BETWEE N

I X AN D 2 X

Componen t Typ

e
Valv a (liquid ) Valv a (gas ) Safety Valv a Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ended Line Flange Compressor Number o f Component a
29 4 77 2 3 9 7 2 0 58 1 1 Maa n Ra

w OV A Scraa n Value (ppa )
3 9 63 9 2 9 2 11 3 140 1 1 0 Mea

nE O Amount (X )
84. 2 68. 5 82. 9 100. 0 100. 0 70. 6 15. 7 Averag

e SOCMI
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00163 0 .50220 0 Mea

n Emissio

n Factor s Leak / N o Lea k
.00379 9 .00192 1 .08163 6 .02640 0 .00330 0 .00190 0 .03084 0 Stratifie d Emissio n
.00115 6 .00143 9 .02080 3 .00436 0 .00124 1 .00194 8 .00390 0 (Al l Value s in

Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00151 8 .00106 6 .00007 3 .00081 2 .00095 9 .00211 1 .00001 7 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00085 1 .00102 3 .00000 7 .00075 3 .00069 1 .00198 6 .00001 7 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00085 2 .00102 4 .00007 3 .00081 2 .00095 9 .00198 7 .00001 7

t n I r o r o SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMMER1988 .

o oTABL E 5-9 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXID E FUGITIV

E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RCOMPONENT S WIT H E O CONCENTRATIO

N BETWEE N 2 XAN D 5 X

Component Typ

e
Valv a (liquid ) Valv a (gaa ) Safet y Valv a Sampl e Poin

t Pum p Open-Ende

d Lin e Flange Compressor Number o f Component s
41 5 74 1 2 4 8 14 8 34 3 1 Maa

n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
3 3 15 0 8 3 4 4 8 1 11 3 30 0 Mea

nE O Amoun t (X )
65. 6 37. 3 16. 2 100. 0 100. 0 49. 3 70. 2 100. 0 Average

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 Mea

n Leak / N o Laa k
.00404 7 .00073 3 .01599 0 .00330 0 .02640 0 .00162 7 .00037 6 .19690 0 Emissio

nFactor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00109 1 .00047 2 .00407 5 .00029 0 .00436 0 .00016 0 .00062 2 .02490 0 (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00151 6 .00027 7 .00001 4 .00008 8 .00078 2 .00015 1 .00075 4 .00355 4 Correlatio n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00071 4 .00025 3 .00000 8 .00000 0 .00072 5 .00011 8 .00065 6 .00355 4 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00071 4 .00025 4 .00001 4 .00008 8 .00078 2 .00015 1 .00065 6 .00355 4

I r o la > SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R198 8



# ITABL E 5-10 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXIDE FUGITIV

E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RCOMPONENT S WIT H E O CONCENTRATIO

N BETWEE N 5 XAN D 10X

Component Type
Valv a (liquid ) Valv a (gaa ) Safety Valv a Sampl e Point Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ende

d Line Flang e Number o f Component a
24 5 3 8 3 3 1 8 I S 9 5 Maa

nRa w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )

S 4 8 3 2 2 I S 3 16 S Mea

n E O Amoun t (X )
100. 0 46. 5 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 73. 0 Average

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 Mea

n Emissio

n Factor s (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Laak / Stratifie d N o Laa k Emissio

n
.00377 0 .00061 7 .00049 3 .00014 4 .09850 0 .02510 0 .00330 0 .00029 0 .00013 0 .00004 4 .02640 0 .00436 0 .00330 0 .00029 0 .00019 6 .00013 7 Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00108 1 .00004 3 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00020 9 .00023 0 .00010 9 .00035 1 Correlatio n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00019 0 .00001 6 .00000 0 .00000 0 .00000 0 .00015 3 .00002 7 .00023 5 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00019 1 .00001 6 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00000 0 .00023 0 .00010 9 .00023 5

tn . I K > SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

o oTABL E 5-11 . SUMMAR YOF ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXID E FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S FO

RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RCOMPONENT S WIT H E O CONCENTRATIO

N BETWEE N 10 X AN D 50X

Component Typ

e
Valv a (liquid ) Valv a (gas ) Safet y Valv a Sampl e Poin

t Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ende

d Lin e Flange Number o f Component s
91 2 42 1 1 0 4 2 2 8 15 2 53 0 Mea

nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
2 0 1 1 6 3 8 8 5 19 2 2 2 Maa n E O

Amount (X )
98. 6 69. 7 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 99. 8 98. 3 Average

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 Mea

n Emissio

n Factora Leak / N o Lea k
.00392 0 .00105 7 .09850 0 .00330 0 .00013 0 .02640 0 .00374 8 .00012 8 Stratifie d Emissio n
.00083 6 .00032 3 .02510 0 .00029 0 .00004 4 .01180 0 .00105 3 .00008 0 (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00135 1 .00010 4 .00009 3 .00008 8 .00020 9 .00180 9 .00109 3 .00044 3 Correlation

Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00059 5 .00004 3 .00002 8 .00000 0 .00005 8 .00176 4 .00103 3 .00029 6 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00059 5 .00004 3 .00009 3 .00008 8 .00005 8 .00180 9 .00109 3 .00029 6

t n I i o SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

o oTABL E 5-12 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXID E FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S FO

RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RCOMPONENT S WIT H E O CONCENTRATIO

N BETWEE N 50 X AN D 95X

Component Typ

e
Valv a (liquid ) Valv a (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin

t Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ende

d Lin e Flange Compressor Number o f Component a
104 2 33 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 9 5 1 61 7 3 MaanRa

w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
3 9 5 3 3 4 4 5 7 340 0 2 2 2 MeanE O Amoun t (X )
97. 8 99. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 99. 2 91. 2 99. 7 100. 0 Averag e

SOCM I
.01360 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .30220 0 Mea

nEmissio

nFactor s (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Leak / Stratifie d No Lea k Emissio

n
.00421 8 .00124 1 .00164 0 .00090 2 .09830 0 .02310 0 .00330 0 .00029 0 .00013 0 .00004 4 .02617 8 .00610 4 .00373 0 .00143 3 .00026 3 .00024 0 .19690 0 .02490 0 Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00131 6 .00041 7 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00020 9 .00080 3 .00143 9 .00046 3 .00008 8 Correlatio n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00071 6 .00033 2 .00000 2 .00000 0 .00001 3 .00073 8 .00138 6 .00030 8 .00000 0 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00071 6 .00033 2 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00001 3 .00080 3 .00143 9 .00030 9 .00008 8

t n I i o Os SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

- • b o c oTABL E 5-13 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXIDE FUGITIV

E EMISSIONS FACTOR S FO RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RCOMPONENT S WITH E O CONCENTRATIO

N BETWEE N 95 XAN D 100X

Componen t Typ

e
Valv a (liquid ) Valv e (gaa ) Safety Valv a Sampl e Poin

t Seale d Flange Pum p Open-Ende

d Lin e Flang e Number o f Component s
541 8 100 1 4 0 1 7 8 8 10 0 36 8 257 6 Mea

nRa w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
3 1 14 4 1 7 4 54 3 507 5 33 2 7 0 Mean EO

Amount (X )
100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Average

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 Mea

n Emissio

nFactor s (Al l Leak / Stratifie d N o Lea k Emissio

n
.00404 2 .00098 5 .00145 3 .00072 3 .09850 0 .03983 5 .00330 0 .00029 0 .00482 1 .00495 9 .12006 0 .10439 0 .00367 5 .00117 9 .00029 0 .00023 7 Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00137 5 .00041 9 .00030 8 .00008 8 .00624 7 .08007 9 .00144 1 .00052 2 Correlatio n Curve (LLD-0 )
.00049 8 .00035 3 .00023 4 .00000 1 .00607 6 .08003 1 .00137 9 .00034 3 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00049 8 .00035 3 .00030 8 .00008 8 .00607 7 .06007 9 .00144 1 .00034 3

t n I N > ^ 1 SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

o oP.8 8

5.3. 1 Valve s inLiqui d Servic e

Ther e wer e 8,32 6 valve s inliqui d servic e include d inth e study , representin

g 47.4 Xo f al l th

e accessibl e component s studied . Mor e tha n65 Xo f th e liqui d servic e valve s wer e o nline s containin

g greate r tha

n95 XEO . Only 3.5 Xcontained 1-2

XEO .
5.3.1. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s
Th e distributio

no f ra w OV A screenin

g value s fo

r valve s i nliqui d servic e fo

r eac ho f th e E O concentratio

nrange s i s show

ninTabl e 5-1 4 an

d illustrate

d inFigur e 5-4 . Th e range o f 0 t

o 9 pp m represent s non-emittin g components , whil e component s wit hscreenin g value s >999 9 pp

m are considere

d t o b e leakers . Component s wit hscreenin g value s between100 0 pp m an d 999 9 pp

m are referre

d t o a s hig

hemitters ; thos e wit hscreenin g value s between10 0 an d 99 9 pp m are lo w emitters ; an

d thos e component s with'screenin g value s between 1 0 an d 9 9 pp m are ver

y lo w emitters .
Overall , 0.14

Xo f th

e teste d liqui d servic e valve s wer e foun d t o b e leaking . Twenty-tw o (0.26X ) wer e hig

hemitters . Ther e wer e 6 7 valve s (0.80X ) inth e low-emitte r categor y an d 8.6 Xinth e very-low-emitte r category . Non emittin g or non-leakin

g liqui d servic e valve s include d 7,50 8 components , o r 90.2X .
Th

e origina l SOCMI databas e include d 6.5 Xleakin

g liqui d servic e valve s (6) . Th

e remainin

g component s wer e eithe r hig hor lo w emitters . Th

e 0.14 Xo f liqui d servic e valve s foun d leakin

g inthi s stud

y represent s a reductio

no f 97.8 Xfro

m th e SOCMI value . Figure 5- 5 compare s th e screenin

g value s o f liqui d servic e valve s containin g mor e tha

n95 XE O wit hth

e screenin

g value s o f valve s wit hles s tha n95 XEO . Th

e E O concentratio

ndoe s no t appear t o caus e significant difference s inth e distribution . Figur e 5- 6 compare s th e distributio

nb y E O lin e concentratio

no f liqui d servic e valv e "leakers " wit h

5-2 8P.8 9

TABL E 5-14
. DISTRIBUTION O F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S VALVE S INLIQUI D SERVIC E

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX T O 2 X 2 X T O 5 X - 5X T O 10 X lO X T O 50 X 50 X T O 95 X 95 X T O 100 X TOTAL (AL L E O RANGES )

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX T O 2 X 2 X T O 5 X 5X T O 10 X 10 X T O 50 X 50 X T O 95 X 95 X T O 100 X Weighte d Average " Number ,



### 0- 9 pp m
28 0 37 9 22 3 74 2 89 8 498 6
750 8 o f Component s i n ! B Y E O CONCENTRATIONFO R

Screenin e Valu e Rane e 10-9 9 100-99 9 

### pp m
1 2 3 0 1 9 

### 15 9 12 7 37 0
71 7 pp

m


### 1 4 3 9 1 0 4 0
6 7

Percentag e o f Component s 0- 9 ppn
95.2 4 91.3 3 91.0 2 81.3 6 86.1 8 92.0 3 90.1 8 i 10-9 9 ppm

4.0 8 7.2 3 7.7 6 17.4 3 12.1 9 6.8 3 8.6 1 1000

-



### pp m


### 0 1 0 1 5 1 5
2 2 >999 9



### pp m


### 1 1 0 1 2 7
1 2

I n Screenin e Valu e Rane e 100-99 9


### .3 4 .9 6 1.2 2 

### .9 9 .9 6 .7 4 .8 0 pp m 1000

- 999 9 pp m
0.0 0 

### .2 4 0.0 0 

### .1 1 .4 8 .2 8 .2 6 Tota l



### 29 4 41 5 24 5 91 2 104 2 541 8

832 6

>999 9 pp

m


### .3 4 .2 4 0.0 0 

### .1 1 .1 9 .1 3 .1 4 Weighte d Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f the tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-2 9

## Al l (832 6 Valves ) P.9 0



### 90. 2 % 0
. 1 4 Z 0.8 0 Z 0.2 6 %
8
. 6 Z

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp m '////A 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp m 

## I I I I I 1 I

I > 10000 0 pp m

Figur e 5-4
. EOIC/EP AFugitiv e Emissio n Study : Distributio n o f E O Screening

Value s fo r Al l Liqui d Valve s

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
. 5-3 0P.9 1



### EO i > 9 5 Z (541 8 Valves ) EO i < 9 5 Z 

## (290 8 Valves )

9 2 % 86 . 7 % 

### 0 . 1 7 % 

### 6. 2 4 7. 0 . 9 3 r. 11.9 %

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp m 7////A 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 

### 100 0 - 1000 0 pp m 

## 1 1 I I I I I I > 1000 0 pp m

Figure 5-5 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s for Liqui d Valve s b y E O Concentratio

n

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-3 1P.9 2



### AL L COMPONENT

S 

## (832 6 Valves ) LEAKER S 

# (1 2 Valves )

1 2 . 5 %

6 5 Z 1 4 % 16 . 7 % 8 . 3 Z 8 . 3 Z


### 8 . 3 '/.

5 8 Z

EO i 1 - 2 Z 

## V777771 EO

. 2 - 5 X E53S 3 EO

. 5 - 5 0 X I I I I I I I EO i 50-9 5 %

EO . > 9 5 Z
Figur e 5-6 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Distributio n o f Liqui d Valve s Sample d b y E

O Concentratio n
SOURCE: EOI

C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-3 2P.9 3

tha t o f al l liqui d servic e valves . Again , n o significant difference s are apparent . Sixty-fiv e percent o f al l liqui d servic e valve s an d 58 Xo f leaker liqui d servic e valve s ar e o nline s containin

g greater tha

n95 XEO .
5.3.1. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s
Th e meanemissio

nfactor s fo

r al l valve s in liqui d servic e wa s develope

d b y eac ho f th e estimatio

nmethod s previousl y described . Th

e averag

e emissio nfactor s (Tabl e 5-6 ) calculate d b y eac ho f th e method s are lower tha n th e SOCM I factor fo

r liqui d servic e valves ; th e factor calculate

d b y th e Leak/N o Leak approac

hi s 74.IXlower tha nth e SOCMI facto

r an d tha t calculate

d b y th e correlatio

nequatio

nwit hth

e EOI C defaul t value i s 96.5Xlower .

To further examin

e emissio

nrate s a s a functio no f E O concentration , separat e meanemissio nfactor s wer e develope d fo r liqui d servic e valve s inth e sixE O concentratio

nrange s previousl y discussed . Thes e are presented in Tabl e 5-1 5 an

d Figure 5-7 . Th

e result s confir

m that emissio

nfactor s fo

r valve s inliqui d servic e d o no t var

y directl y

wit hE O concentration .
5.3.1. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s

Separat e meanemissio nfacto r estimate s fo

r eac ho f th e twelv e productio

nfacilitie s are give ninTabl e 5-1 6 an

d illustrate

d inFigure 5-8 . InFigure 5-8 , th

e plant s are ranke

d accordin

g t o increasin

g emissio

nfactors . Th e dat a presented sho w severa l significant trends . Thes e includ e th e following :

5-3 3TABL E 5-15 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF ESTIMATE

D FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S B

YE O CONCENTRATION : ESTIMATE S FO

RVALVE S IN

LIQUI D SERVICE EMISSIO N FACTO R

Component Typ

e
I Xt o 2 Z 2 1 t o S

X S Xt o 10 Z 10 Xt o SO

X SO Xt o 95

X 95 Xt o 100 Z Umbe r o f Component s
29 4 41 S 24 5 91 2 104 2 541 8 MaanRa

w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
3 9 3 3 S 2 0 3 9 3 1 Mea

n EO Amoun t (X )
84. 2 95. 6 100. 0 98. 6 97. 8 100. 0 Average

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01560 0 .01560 0 .01560 0 .01560 0 .01560 0 Mea

n Emissio

nFactor s (Al l Value s in Leak / Stratifie d H o Lea k Emissio

n
.00379 9 .00115 6 .00404 7 .00109 1 .00377 0 .00061 7 .00392 0 .00083 6 .00421 8 .00124 1 .00404 2 .00098 5 Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00151 8 .00151 6 .00108 1 .00135 1 .00151 6 .00137 5 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00085 1 .00071 4 .00019 0 .00059 5 .00071 6 .00049 8 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00085 2 .00071 4 .00019 1 .00059 5 .00071 6 .00049 8

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

t n I t o

T l C O I *o . IOOO o . 0100 -

t n t n Q > 

### o 5 5 M O e g 3 C O O C O 

# se > §£ < X ) H v_ * ^0.0010- -

0.000 1

Figur e 5-7 . SOCM I Facto r

Q — 

## e e e 

# I K

E O Averag e


# + + 1-2 * 2-S X 5-1O X 10-SO X SO-OS X

E O CONCENTRATIO N 

# + »BS X AV C SOCM I

D -A O . 10O 0

, OlO O

001 0

O . 000 1 COR RCURV

E (EPA ) LEAK/N O LEA K STRATIFIE D COR RCURV

E (1 ) COR RCURV

E (EOIC ) EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Compariso n o f Emissio n Factor s t o E O Concentration s Usin g Differen tCalculationa l Approache s fo rValve s i n Liqui d Servic e SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 .P.9 6

TABL E 5-16 . COMPARISO N OF MEA N EMISSIO

N FACTOR S FO

R VALVE S I

N LIQUI D SERVICE FO

R EAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 Mea n Em i

SOCM I
0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0
Relativ e Std
. Dev . ssio n Facto r
Leak / N o Lea k
0.00371 6 0.00369 5 0.00377 0 0.00425 4 0.00370 9 0.00408 2 0.00439 6 0.00504 6 0.00415 1 0.00417 4 0.00377 0 0.00377 0
9.5X Usin e the

Stratifie d
0.00071 9 0.00066 1 0.00070 5 0.00111 0 0.00078 2 0.00116 5 0.00130 3 0.00207 6 0.00103 5 0.00116 3 0.00077 4 0.00061 7
38.8 X Metho d Liste d

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
0.00111 8 0.00110 1 0.00116 2 0.00151 0 0.00121 0 0.00155 2 0.00150 1 0.00223 4 0.00147 6 0.00183 5 0.00116 7 0.00099 4
24.5 X (lb/hr/source )

Correlatio n Curv e (LL D - 0 )
0.00019 9 0.00037 8 0.00020 2 0.00052 9 0.00038 3 0.00064 5 0.00059 3 0.00128 8 0.00090 7 0.00140 3 0.00021 3 0.00000 0
75.O X Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
0.00020 0 0.00037 8 0.00020 2 0.00053 0 0.00038 3 0.00064 5 0.00059 3 0.00128 9 0.00090 8 0.00140 3 0.00021 3 0.00000 0
78
. 3X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-3 6P.9 7

0 z tac t e g a M c . o t o o « a M O M X<£ U U a >_.

_ - 0.0 1

0.003 - *

0.00J C

o . ooos - -

0.000 1 H 1 1 1 h H I 1 1 » -

SOCM I Facto r
-©- — H h

\ /

H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I r "0.010 0

H h .001 0

O . 000 1 #1 2 # 2 # 1 # 3 #1 1 # 5 AV G # 9 # 7 # 4 # 6 #1 0 # 8 SOCM I PLAN T NUMBE R • COR RCURV E (EPA ) O LEAK/N

O LEA K • •••••• • STRATIFIE

D ...->. — COR RCURV E (1 ) A COR RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-8 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nAmon g Twelv e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Different Calculatio nApproaches : Averag e Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Valve s i nLiqui d Servic e SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-3 7P.9 8

• Th e variatio

nbetweenth

e factor s fo

r th e plant s wit hth

e lowes t an

d highes t emission s (plant s 2 an d 8 respectively ) wa s approximatel y

30 Xusin g th e Leak/N

o Leak method . Thi s correspond s t

o a rati o o f 1. 4 betweenth e highes t an

d lowes t rates . Usin

g al l othe r methods , Plant 1 2 reporte d th e lowes t emissio n facto r estimates . Th

e rati o o f th

e highes t t

o lowes t emissio n factor usin

g th e other estimatio

nmethod s wa s 3. 4 fo r th e stratifie

d method , 2. 2 fo

r th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA) , an

d "not defined " fo

r th e correlatio

ncurv e (EOIC ) (lowes t estimate

d facto r wa s 0 lb/h

r fo r plant 12) .

• Th e Leak/N

o Lea k estimate

d factor s wer e generall y 3 t o 1 0 time s highe r tha

nthos e estimate

d b y th e stratifie

d metho d o r b y th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA) . However , th e rati o wa s th

e lowes t fo

r plant s wit hth

e highe r emissio

nfactors .

• Th e emissio

nfactor s estimate

d usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA ) wer e consistentl y highe r tha

nth e factor s estimate

d usin g th e stratifie

d metho d an d th e othe r correlatio

ncurves . However , amon

g th e plant s wit hhighe r emissio nfactors , th

e difference s wer e small .
5.3.1. 4 Summar

y
Overall , based onananalysi s o f al l 8,32 6 valve s inliqui d servic e include d i nthi s study , th e followin

g conclusion s ca

nb e drawn :

• Th e average numbe r o f leakin g component s foun

d inthi s stud

y i s 97.8 Xles s tha

nth e number foun

d leakin

g inth e previou s studies ;

• Th e meanestimate

d emissio

nfactor develope

d fo r valve s i n liqui d servic e usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e wit hne

w EOI C defaul t value s i s 96.5Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor ;

5-3 8P.9 9

• Emissio

nfactor s estimate

d usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e metho d wit hEOI C defaul t value s sho w mos t clearl y

th e difference s amon g th e 1 2 plant s studie

d inthi s project ;

• Th e maximu

m differenc e inestimate d emissio

nfactor s amon

g th e 1 2 plant s varie s fro m 30 Xusin g th e Leak/N

o Lea k metho d t o a n undefined facto

r usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e metho d wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value ; an d

• Fo r valve s inliqui d service , there appear s t o be n o direc t relatio n betweenE

O concentratio

ninth e lin e an d th e estimate

d emissio n factor .
5.3. 2 Valve s inGa s Servic e

Ther e wer e 3,30 6 valve s inga s servic e include d inthi s study , representin

g 18.8 Xo f al l th

e component s studied . Slightl y ove r 30Xo f th

e valve s wer e o

nline s containin

g mor e tha

n95 XEO . About 23

Xo f th e valve s wer e o nline s containin

g between1 an

d 2 XEO .
5.3.2. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s Figur e 5- 9 show

s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r al l ga s servic e valves . Tabl e 5-1 7 an d Figure 5-1 0 sho

w th e distributio

no f OV A screenin

g value s fo

r severa l E

O concentratio

nranges . Overall , 1.21 X(4 0 valves ) wer e measured a s leaking . Thi s represent s a 90.2 Xreductio nfro m th e 11.4 Xo f leakin

g ga s servic e valve s foun d inth e origina l SOCM I database . Ther e wer e 1.3

X(4 3 valves ) inth e high-emitte r class , 2.12X(7 0 valves ) i n th e low-emitte r class , an d 9.89 X(32 7 valves ) inth e very-low-emitte r class . Mor e tha

n85 X(282 6 valves ) wer e no t emitting .

5-3 9P. 1



### AL L GA S VALVE S 

### 330 6

85.5 %

1 . 2 Z 1 . 3 Z

< 1 0 pp m 

### 1 0 - 10 0 pp

m

> m 

### '/////A 10 0 - 100 0 pp r 

## 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m > 1000 0 pp

m

Figur e 5-9 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s for al l Ga s Valve s

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-4 0P. 2

TABL E 5-17
. DISTRIBUTION

VALVE S I NGA S

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

I X t o 2 X 2 X t o 5 Z 5 Z t o 10 X 10 X t o 50 X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 Z Tota l (al l E O Ranges )

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

I X T O 2 X 2 X T O 5 X 5X T O 10 X 10 X T O 50 X 50 % T O 95 X 95 Z T O 100 X Weighte d Average * Numbe r 0- 9 pp m
66 1 51 8 2 8 37 8 30 9 93 2
282 6 O F RA

W OV A SERVIC E SCREENIN

G VALUE S

o f Component s 10-9 9 pp m
4 6 16 9 7 3 6 1 7 5 2
32 7

Percentag e o f 0- 9 ppm
85.6 2 69.9 1 73.6 8 89.7 9 92.7 9 93.1 1 85.4 8 10- <

5 2 2 1 8 8 5 5 9
. B Y E O CONCENTRATIONFOR

i n Screening Valu e 100-99 9 pp m
1 7 3 1 2 6 5 9

7 0

Component s I n S c J 9 pp m
9 6 8 1 .4 2 5 5 1 1 1 9 8 9 100-99 9

2.2 0 4.1 8 5.2 6 1.4 3 1.5 0 0.9 0 2.1 2 1000

- pp m
1 7 1 8 1 1 1 5

4 3 Rang e

>999 9 pp m
3 1 5 0 O 1 3

4 0 Tota l

77 2 74 1 3 8 42 1 33 3 100 1
330 6

reenin e Valu e Rane e ppm 1000

- 999 9 pp m
2 2 2 0 0 0 1
. 2 0 4 3 6 3 2 4 3 0 5 0 3 0 >999 9 pp

m
4.0 2 0.6 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.3 0 0.3 0 1.2 1

a Weighte d Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f the tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-4 1P. 3



### EO i 1 - 2 X (77 4 Volvos ) EOi 2 - 5 X C73 9 Volvos ) EO i > 5 X C179 1 Valves )

7 0 Z 35
. 9 z 9 2 Z

22
. 7 Z

< 1 0 pp m

%8%f f 1 0 - 10 0 pp m Y///A10 0 - 100 0 pp m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp m 

### H i I I H > 1000 0 pp m Figur e 5-10 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emissio n Study : Distributio n o f Screenin g Value s fo rGa s Valve s b y E O Concentratio n
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-4 2P. 4

Figure 5-1 1 show

s th e distributio

no f al l ga s servic e valve s an d leakin g ga s servic e valve s a s a functio no f E O concentration . Accordin g t o th e figure , stream

s containin

g 1-2 XE O account fo

r onl y 23.4Xo f al l ga s servic e valve s an

d ye t ga s valve s wit h1-2 XE O account fo

r 78 Xo f th e leakin

g ga s servic e valves .
5.3.2. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s

Meanemissio

nfactor s fo

r valve s inga s servic e wer e develope d usin g eac ho f th e estimatio

nmethod s (Tabl e 5-6) . Th e reductio

ninemissio

nfacto r varied fro

m 89.O Xfo r th e leak/n

o lea k approac

ht o 96.4 2 usin

g th e correlatio

n curv e wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value . Separat e meanemissio n factor s wer e develope d fo r eac ho f th e si xE O concentratio

nranges . Thes e ar e show ninTabl e 5-1 8 an

d Figure 5-12 . Bot h th e tabl e an

d th e figure sho

w that th

e emissio

nfactor s varie

d considerabl y wit hE O concentration . Ther e i s a pronounce d di p inth

e middl e o f th

e E O concentratio

nrange .
5.3.2. 3 pj,ant-Specjfl, c Analysi s

Separat e meanemissio nfactor estimate s fo r th e 1 2 participatin

g plant s are show

ninTabl e 5-1 9 an

d illustrate

d inFigure 5-13 . Severa l trends are apparen t inth

e dat a fo

r valve s inga s service , a s th e followin

g point s show :

• Th

e estimate

d emissio

nfactor s fo

r th e plant s varied widely . Usin g th e Leak/N

o Lea k method , th

e rati o o f th

e highes t t

o lowes t emissio

nfacto r wa s 10.8 . Th

e rati o o f th

e highes t t

o lowes t estimate

d emissio

nfacto r wa s 16. 6 usin

g bothth

e stratifie

d metho d an d th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA) . Usin

g th e correlatio

ncurv e (EOIC) , a rati o o f th e highes t t

o lowes t emissio n facto r coul d no t b

e calculate

d sinc e th

e estimate

d emissio n facto r fro m plant 8 wa s zer

o lb/hr/source .

5-4 3P. 5

AL L GA S VALVE S C 330 6 VALVES ) 

## 22. « LEAKER S (4 0 Valves )

13.9 % 23 . 4 Z 11.5 X

10.1 % 30.3 % 12. 5 X

EO i 1 - 2 Z 

## 77777A EO

. 2- 5 z ^^^s l EO

i 5 - 5 0 Z I 1 1 I I I

I EO . 50-9 5 % EO . > 9 5 Z

Figur e 5-11 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emissio n Study : Distributio n o f Ga s Valve s Sample d b y E

O Concentratio n al l Component s an d "Leakers "
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-4 4TABL E 5-18 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F ESTIMATE D FUGITIV E EMISSION FACTOR S B YEO CONCENTRATION : FACTO R ESTIMATE S FO RVALVE S I N GA S SERVIC E EMISSIO N

U l I O l Component Typ e
I XT O 2 1 2XTO S Z S XT O 10 X 10 XT O SO

X 50XT O es x 8S XTO 100 1 Number o f Component s
77 2 7* 1 3 8 42 1 33 3 100 1 Maa

n Ra w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
8S 9 IS O 4 8 1 1 5 3 14 4 Mea

n EO Amount (X )
68. 5 37. 3 46. 5 99. 7 99. 0 100. 0 Average

SOCM I
.01230 0 .01230 0 .01230 0 .01230 0 .01230 0 .01230 0 Maa

n Leak / H o Lea k
.00192 1 .00073 3 .00049 3 .00105 7 .00164 0 .00143 3 Emissio

n Factor

a (Al l Value s i

n Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00143 9 .00047 2 .00014 4 .00032 5 .00090 2 .00072 3 Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00106 8 .00027 7 .00004 3 .00010 4 .00041 7 .00041 9 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00102 3 .00025 3 .00001 6 .00004 3 .00035 2 .00035 3 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00102 4 .00025 4 .00001 6 .00004 3 .00035 2 .00035 3

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

b >P. 7

0 . 100 0

0.0100-| - o 2 U O W 3 H « O n o n wH v . M o u U b a \ 0 . 0010 ' J 3

0.0001- -

0.0000 1 S0CM I Facto r

E 0 .Averag e

1-2 X2-S X3-10 X10-S0 Z S0-0S X»Q5X E 0 CONCENTRATIO

N AV B 

## -+ - S0CM I -•-0.010 0

-0 . 100 0

3.001 0

"0.000 1

a . oooo i

- • — C0R RCURV E (EPA )

- O LEAK/N O LEA K a - STRATIFIE

D _«.„ . C0R

RCURV E (1 )

.
_COR RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-12 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

n Factor s wit hE

O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo

r Valve s i n Ga s Servic e SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-4 6P. 8

TABL E 5-19
. COMPARISONO F MEA NEMISSIO

NFACTOR S FO R VALVE S I NGA S SERVIC E FOR EAC H PLAN

T

Plan t Numbe r


### 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 Mea n

SOCM I
0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0
Relativ e Std
. Dev . Emissio n Leak / N o Lea k

0.00134 1 0.00078 0 0.00026 2 0.00094 8 0.00114 4 0.00155 0 0.00094 0 0.00106 0 0.00177 5 0.00102 3 0.00283 2 0.00249 2
51.6 X Facto r Usin g the Metho d L i

Stratifie d
0.00079 0 0.00023 7 0.00013 0 0.00027 7 0.00058 2 0.00123 8 0.00033 0 0.00031 0 0.00117 6 0.00032 9 0.00215 5 0.00175 3
81.9 X Correlatio n

Curv e (EPA )

0.00046 7 0.00007 6 0.00008 9 0.00006 4 0.00020 1 0.00115 4 0.00012 4 0.00007 1 0.00100 0 0.00012 3 0.00117 3 0.00110 3
98.6 X ste d (lb/hr/ ;

Correlatio n Curv e source )

Correlatio n LL D - 0 Curv e (EOIC )
0.00041 6 0.00003 0 0.00007 7 0.00000 1 0.00015 2 0.00112 6 0.00006 6 0.00000 0 0.00095 9 0.00008 7 0.00110 9 0.00103 3
112.O X 0.00041 7 0.00003 1 0.00007 7 0.00000 1 0.00015 3 0.00112 7 0.00006 6 0.00000 0 0.00095 9 0.00008 8 0.00110 9 0.00103 3
114.6 X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-4 7P. 9

o . oiooo- -


## 2 2 ( 0 O 

### S B a s <a U fta \ V a 0 . 00100- -

r- 1 0 .

0 . oooto- -

0 . 0.0000 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 I1 - H r H h

SOCM I Facto r

E O Averag e .0100 0

.0010 0

.0001 0

# 4 # 8 # 2 # 3 # 7 #1 0 # 5 # 1 Av g # 6 # 9 #12#US0CM I PLAN T NUMBE R O.0OO0 !

COR R CURV E (EPA ) LEAK/N O LEA K • •••• • • • STRATIFIE D ».. . COR

R CURV E (1 ) A COR R CURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-13 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Compariso

nAmon g Twelv e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Differen t Calculatio nApproaches : Average Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Valve s inGa s Servic e SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-4 8P.1 0

• Th e emissio

nfactor s calculate d usin g th e Leak/N

o Leak metho

d wer e 2 t

o 3 time s highe r tha nthos e calculate

d b y th e stratifie

d method . Thi s rati o wa s lower inplant s wit hhighe r emissio n factors .

• Th e estimate

d emissio

nfactor s consistentl y declin e fro m th e left-han

d to th e right-han

d column s inTabl e 5-19 . For th e plant s wit hrelativel y hig hemissio

nfactors , however , th e declin e i s muchles s pronounced tha nfo r thos e wit hlower emissio n factors .

• Plant emissio

nfactor s varied an d th e difference s becom e mor e noticeabl e a s th

e "allowable " emissio nfacto r decreased ; i.e. , fro m lef t to righ

t i nbot hTabl e 5-1 9 an d Figur e 5-13 .
5.3.2. 4 Snnrniflp y

Overall , based o

nth e analysi s o f 3,30 6 valve s i nga s servic e include d inthi s study , th e followin

g conclusion s ca

nbe drawn :

• Thes e wer e 90.2 Xfewe r leakin g ga s servic e valve s inthi s stud y tha nth e origina l SOCM I study .

• Th e percentage o f leakin g ga s servic e valve s i s 1 0 time s highe r tha n i n th e percentag e o f leakin g liqui d phas e valves .

• Th e percentage o f hig hemitte r ga s phas e valve s i s 5 time s highe r tha

nth e percentage o f hig hemitte r liqui d phas e valves .

• Th e percentage o f lo

w emitte r ga s phas e valve s i s mor e tha n 3 time s a s hig

ha s th e percentage o f lo

w emitte r liqui d phas e valves .

• Th e emission s fro

m ga s servic e valve s var y wit hth

e E O concentratio

ni nth e proces s line .
5-4 9P.1 1

• Th e meanestimate

d emissio

nfacto r fo r ga s servic e valve s calculate

d usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value i s 96.4Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor .

* Emissio

nfactor s estimate

d usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e metho d wit hEOI C defaul t valu e mos t clearl y

sho w th e difference s amon

g th e twelv e plant s include

d inthi s study .
5.3. 3 Flange s

Ther e wer e 4,74 2 flange s include d inthi s study . Th e protoco l require d tha t only

a smal l percentage o f th e flange s ina plant be tested . Th e formul a use

d fo r determinin

g th e number o f flange s t o be teste

d was :

n- N(l-0.05)**(50/N ) (Eq . 5 )
where : N

- th e numbe r o f flange s inth e teste d are a
Thi s serie s converge s t o a maximu

m number o f about 15 0 component s t o b e teste d a s th e number o f flange s increases . Seale d flange s wer e considere d t o belon g i na differen t categor y an d wil l be treate

d separatel y

later inthi s report .
O f th

e flange s tested , mor e tha n54 Xwer e o

nline s containin

g greate r tha

n95 XEO . About 12

Xwer e o

nline s containin

g 1-2 XEO .
5.3.3. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s Figur e 5-1 4 show

s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r al l flanges . Tabl e 5-2 0 an d Figure 5-1 5 show

s th e distributio

no f OV A screenin

g value s for severa l E O concentratio

nranges . Th

e percentag e o f leakin g flange s wa s 0.61

X(2 9 flanges) , whichrepresent s a reductio no f 71.O

Xfro m th e 2.I X o f leakin

g component s inth

e SOCMI study . Hig hemitter s comprise d 0.51 X(2 4 flanges ) o f th

e total , whil e lo

w emitter s mad

e u p 1.35 X(6 4 flanges ) an

d ver y
5-5 0

### AL L FLANGE S 474 2 P.1 2



### 8 4 . 7 Z

12 . 8 Z

• 1 0 pp m 

# aaaaaa i o - io o ppm Y///A 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m 

## I I I I I 1 I I > 1000 0 pp m
Figur e 5-14 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Screenin

g Value s fo

r al l Flange s b

y E O Concentratio

n

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 1P.1 3

TABL E 5-20
. DISTRIBUTIONO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y E O CONCENTRATION FOR FLANGE S

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX t o 2 X 2 X t o 5 X 5 X t o 10 X 10 X t o SO

X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X Tota l (Al l E O Ranges )

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

I X t o 2 X 2X t o 5 X 5 X t o 10 X 10 X t o 50 X SO X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X Weighte d Average 3 Numbe r o f Conroonent s 0- 9 pp m
50 4 24 6 7 3 36 4 50 9 232 3
401 9 

## i

n Screening Valu e 10-9 9 100-99 9 pp m
3 0 7 3 1 6 15 3 10 1 23 3
60 6 pp

m
1 7 1 7 4 1 2 5 9
6 4

Percentag e o f Comoonent s 0- 9 ppm
86.7 5 71.7 2 76.8 4 68.6 8 82.5 0 90.1 8 84.7 5 10-9 9 ppm

5.1 6 21.2 8 16.8 4 28.8 7 16.3 7 9.0 5 12.7 8 1000

- pp m
8 6 1 1 2 6

2 4 Rang e

>999 9 pp m
2 2 1 1 0 0 5

2 9 Tota l

58 1 34 3 9 5 53 0 61 7 257 6

474 2

I n Screening Valu e Rang e 100-99 9
2.9 3 4.9 6 4.2 1 2.2 6 0.8 1 0.3 5 1.3 5 ppm 1000

-

999 9 ppm
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
. 3 8 7 5 0 5 1 9 3 2 2 3 5 1 >999 9 pp

m
3.7 9 0.2 9 1.0 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 9 0.6 1 Weighte d Averag e - Tota l nvunbero f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-5 2P. M



### EOi 1 - 2 X <58 2 FLANGES ) EO i 2 - 9 5 X (158 4 Flangas ) EO i > 9 5 X C257 6 Flanges )

7 5 X 

### 8 7 % 9 0 Z



### 2 2 %

*

* 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp

m 10 0 - 100 0 pp

m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m 

## I I 1 I I I I > 1000 0 pp m

Figur e 5-15 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Distributio no f Screenin

g Value s fo

r Flange s b

y E O Concentratio

n

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 3P.1 5

lo w emitter s wer e 12.78 X(60 6 flanges ) o f th e total . Th

e non-emittin

g clas s comprise

d 84.75 X(401 9 flanges ) o f al l flange s tested . Figure 5-1 6 illustrate s th

e distributio

n o f al l flange s an d leakin

g flange s b

y E O concentration . Seventy-fiv e percen t o f th

e leakin

g flange s wer e o

nline s containin

g 1-2 XEO . Line s wit hmor e tha n95 XE O had 17

Xo f th e measured leakin g flanges . Th

e other 7

Xo f leakin

g flange s wer e o

nline s containin

g 2-10XEO . Ther e wer e n o leakin

g flange s o

nline s wit h10-95XEO .
5.3-3. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s
Th e average emissio

nfactor s fo

r flange s calculate d b y th e othe r method s wer e al l lower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfacto r (se e Tabl e 5-6) . However , th

e estimate

d emissio

nfactor s are fairl y constant ; th

e highes t (0.00071 4 lb/hr/sourc e usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA ) wa s only

1. 5 time s highe r tha

nth e lowes t facto

r (.00046 6 lb/h

r usin g th e stratifie

d method) . Th e correlatio

ncurv e (EOIC ) emissio

nfacto r o f 0.00055 5 lb/hr/sourc e i s 69.7 X lower tha

nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor .

Mean emissio

nfactor s fo

r eac ho f th e E O concentratio

nrange s wer e develope

d an d are presente

d inTabl e 5-2 1 an

d illustrate

d inFigure 5-17 . Thes e dat a clearl y

sho w tha t flange s inth e line s containin

g 1-2 XE O hav e muc h highe r emissio

nfactor s tha

nflange s inal l other lines . Th e ratio s o f th

e emissio nfactor s inth

e 1-2 XE O concentratio

nrange t

o thos e inth

e nex t highes t concentratio n(2-5 XE O lines ) varied fro m 5.0 5 fo

r th e Leak/N

o Lea k metho d t o 2. 8 fo

r th e correlatio

ncurv e (EPA) . A s see

ninFigur e 5-17 , eac h emissio nrat e curv

e i s a relativel y

smoothfunction , showin g a rapi d declin

e followe d b y a relativel y

straight lin

e (o r smal l increase ) a s th e E O concentratio

nincreases .
5.3.3. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analvsi s

Emissio n factor s fo

r th e 1 2 participatin

g plant s are show

ni nTabl e 5-2 2 an d i nFigur e 5-18 . Usin g al l th

e estimatio

nmethods , plant s 1 , 11 , an d 1 2 hav e noticeabl y

highe r emissio

nfactor s tha

nth e othe r plants . I ngeneral , there i s a wide distributio no f emissio

nfactor s amon

g th e plants .
5-5 4P.1 6



## AL L FLANGE S C474 2 FLANGES ) LEAKER S (2 8 LEAKERS )

1 3 Z 7

Z 

## 1 3 Z 7 5 X

2.3Z

5 4 Z 1 8 Z

EO i 1 - 2 Z 

## V7777?i EO

. 2 - 5 z F ^ 3 EO . 5 - 5 0 Z EO . 50-9 5 Z EO . > 9 5 X 

# E

Figur e 5-16 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emissio

nStudy : Compariso

no f Emissio

n Factor s Wit hE O Concentratio

nusin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s For Flange s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 5TABL E 5-21
. DISTRIBUTIO NO F ESTIMATE D FUGITIV E EMISSIONFACTOR S B Y E O CONCENTRATION : EMISSIO NFACTO R ESTIMATE S FOR FLANGE S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
I Xt o 2

X 2Xt o S

X S Xt o 10

X 10 Xt o SO

X 50 Xt o 95

X 95 Xt o 100 X Numbe r o f Component *
58 1 34 3 9 5 53 0 61 7 257 6 Mea

n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
140 1 11 3 16 S 2 2 2 2 7 0 Mea

n EO Amount (X )
70. 6 70. 2 73. 0 98. 3 99. 7 100. 0 Averag

e SOCMI
.00163 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 Mea

n Leak / N o Lea k
.00190 0 .00037 6 .00019 6 .00012 8 .00026 3 .00029 0 Emissio

n Factor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00194 8 .00062 2 .00015 7 .00008 0 .00024 0 .00025 7 (Al l Value s i n Correlatio

n Curv e (EFA )
.00211 1 .00075 4 .00035 1 .00044 3 .00046 3 .00052 2 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00198 6 .00065 6 .00023 5 .00029 6 .00030 8 .00034 3 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00198 7 .00065 6 .00023 5 .00029 6 .00030 9 .00034 3

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

O l I O l O vP.1 8

0.0100 '

o . ooio - - H I o z u o w n H « o w o w W (r> \ H U h X<£ W b a V . J 3 o . oooi- - SOCM I Facto r

E 0 Averag e

0.00001 + o 1-2 X 2-5 X S-10 X — H ~ 10-SO X 30-83 X

4 - >ss x AV G 4 - -0.010 0

.001 0

.000 1

SOCM I 0.0000 1 EO CONCENTRATIO

N • COR RCURV E (EPA ) O — LEAK/N

O LEA K ••••a - STRATIFIE D H-—COR R CURV

E (1 ) A COR RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-17 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

n Factor s t

o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Fo

r Flange s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 7P.1 9

TABL E 5-22 . EMISSIO N FACTOR S FO

R FLANGE S FO

R EAC H PLAN T MEA N EMISSIO

N FACTO R (AL L VALVE S I

N LB/HR/SOURCE )

Plan t Numbe r


### 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 Mea n Em i

SOCM I
0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3 0.0018 3
Relativ e Std
. Dev . ssio n Facto r
Leak / N o Lea k

0.00170 5 0.00011 7 0.00009 3 0.00012 6 0.00020 2 0.00062 9 0.00012 6 0.00013 0 0.00019 8 0.00012 8 0.00123 1 0.00109 7
110.5 X • Usin g the

Stratifie d

0.00181 4 0.00004 0 0.00004 8 0.00004 3 0.00039 7 0.00068 3 0.00018 7 0.00004 4 0.00016 2 0.00012 6 0.00165 9 0.00104 9

118. 8 % Metho d Liste d

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

0.00217 3 0.00020 5 0.00017 9 0.00019 8 0.00084 3 0.00084 8 0.00033 5 0.00020 5 0.00038 6 0.00063 7 0.00160 8 0.00124 6

83.5 X ( lb/hr/source}

Correlatio n Curv e (LL D - 0 )

0.00200 5 0.00005 3 0.00003 4 0.00000 0 0.00069 7 0.00073 6 0.00014 6 0.00000 0 0.00024 9 0.00053 3 0.00142 2 0.00104 4

106. 7 X Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )

0.00200 5 0.00005 4 0.00003 4 0.00000 0 0.00069 7 0.00073 6 0.00014 6 0.00000 0 0.00024 9 0.00053 4 0.00142 2

. 0.00104 4
111.4 X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-5 8P.2 0

0.01000 - 0.00900 "

9) O 2 U 

### 22 3 w o n H U h Uia N 0.00100-+ -

0.00030 "

0 . 00020 * *
0.0001 C

0.00001 ' H \ 1 r H 1 1 1 1 - 4.0100 0

.0010 0

.0001 0



### +-J- + \ h O . 0000 1 # 3 # 2 # 4 # 8 # 7 # 9 #1 0 AV G # 6 # 5 #1 2 #1 1 # 1 SOCM I PLAN TNUMBE R COR RCURV E (EPA ) LEAK/N O LEA

K
n . . . STRATIFIE D
• —- COR

RCURV E (1 ) ^ COR

RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-18 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nAmon g Twelv e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Different Calculationa l Approaches : Average Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Flange s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 9P.2 1

5.3.3. 4 Summar

y

Based o nan analysi s o f th e 4,74 2 flange s include d inthi s study , th e followin

g conclusion s see

m appropriate :

• Ther e wer e 71

Xfewer leakin

g flange s foun

d inthi s stud

y tha n i n th e SOCM I study .

• Th e meanemissio

nfactor fo

r flange s inthi s stud y i s 69.7 X lower cha

nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor .

• Thre e quarter s o f th e leakin

g flange s wer e inline s containin g 1-2 XEO . • Ther e wer e n

o leakin

g flange s inline s containin g mor e tha

n10 X EO .

» Ther e are significant difference s inemissio nfactor s amon

g th e plant s participatin g inthi s study .
5.3. 4 Open-Ended Line s

Ther e wer e 75 4 open-ende d line s teste

d i nthi s study . Almos t hal f (48.8X ) wer e o

nline s wit hmor e tha n95 XEO , whil e onl y

2.7Xwer e o

nline s wit h1-2

XEO .
5.3.4. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s Figur e 5-1 9 illustrate s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r al l open-ende

d lines . Th

e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r al l E O concentratio

nrange s i s show

ninTabl e 5-2 3 an

d illustrate

d inFigure 5-20 . Ther e wer e 1.19

X( 9 open-ende

d lines ) wit hscreenin g value s o f 10,00 0 pp m o r more . Thi s represent s a reductio no f 69.5Xfro

m th e 3.9 Xleakin

g open-ende

d lilie s in th e SOCM I study . Al l leakin g open-ende

d line s inthi s stud y wer e o n line s containin

g 10Xor mor e EO . Mor e tha n76X(57 5 open-ended lines ) wer e non-emitters .
5-6 0P.2 2



## AL L OPEN-ENDE D LINE S

75 4



## 76.3 %

14. 3 X

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp

m
3 m 

### V///A 10 0 - 100 0 pp r 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m WW > 1000 0 pp

m

Figur e 5-19
. EOIC/EP AFugitiv e Emission s Study : Distributio n o f E O

Screening Value s fo r Al l Open-Ende d Line s

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
. 5-6 1P.2 3

TABL E 5-23
. DISTRIBUTIONO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y E O CONCENTRATION FOR OPEN-ENDE D LINE S

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

I X t o 2 X 2X t o 5 X 5X t o 10 X 10 X t o 50 X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X Tota l (Al l E O Ranges ) Numbe r



### 0- 9 pp m
1 7 

### 10 0 1 4 

### 10 9 4 1 

### 29 4
57 5 o f Component s i n Screening Valu e

10-9 9 

### pp m


### 1 2 3 

### 1 3 0 

### 4 4 9


### 10 8 100-99 9



### pp m


### 1 2 2 

### 0 9 3 1 3
4 8 1000

-



### pp mI-I 

### 3 0 2 1 7
1 4 Rang e

>999 9 

### pp m


### 0 0 0 2 2 5
9 Tota l



### 2 0 

### 14 8 1 5 

### 15 2 5 1 

### 36 8
75 4

Percentag e o f Component s I n Screening Valu e Rane e Ethylene
. Oxid e Concentratio n

I X t o 2 X 2 X t o 5 X 5 X t o 10 X 10 X t o 50 X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X Weighte d Average " 0- 9 ppm
85.0 0 67.5 7 93.3 3 71.7 1 80.3 9 79.8 9 76.2 6 10-9 9 pp

m
5.0 0 15.5 4 6.6 7 19.7 4 7.8 4 13.3 2 14.3 2 100-99 9 pp m
5.0 0 14.8 6 0.0 0 5.9 2 5.8 8 3.5 3 6.3 7 1000

-

999 9 pp m
5.0 0 2.0 3 0.0 0 1.3 2 1.9 6 1.9 0 1.8 6 >999 9 pp

m
0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.3 2 3.9 2 1.3 6 1.1 9 Weighte d Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-6 2P.2 4



## ALL OPEN-ENDED LINE S

75 4

2 2 . 1 X

6.BX — 19 . 6 X



### •Z~*£x2^Z& 2 . 6 %

48 . 8 X

EO i 1 - 2 X 

## V777Z\ EO

. 2- 5 X ^sS^s l EOi 5 - 5 0 X I I I I II I EO . 50-9 5 X

EO . > 9 5 X
Figur e 5-20 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Distributio n o f Open-Ende d Line s Sample d b y E

O Concentratio n
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-6 3P.2 5

5.3.4. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s

A s previousl y

show ninTabl e 5-6 , th

e meanestimate

d emissio

n factor s fo

r open-ende

d line s wer e lower tha nth e SOCM I factor . Th e Leak/N

o Leak factor wa s 11.5Xlower tha nth e SOCM I facto

r an d th e stratifie

d facto r wa s 74.2 Xlower tha nth e SOCM I factor . Th e correlatio

ncurv e wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value produced a nemissio

nfacto r 70.8 Xlower tha

nth e SOCM I value .
Emissio nfactor s fo

r eac hE O concentratio

nrange calculated b y eac h o f th e estimatio

nmethod s are show

ninTabl e 5-2 4 an

d Figur e 5-21 . Except i n th e 2-5 XE O range , th

e Leak/N

o Lea k factor s see

m t o be independent o f E O concentration . I ngeneral , th e emissio

nfactor s declin

e fro m lef t t o righ t in th e table , indicatin

g tha t th

e emission s com

e fro m a relativel y

fe w emittin

g components .
5.3.4. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analvsi s

Emissio n estimate s fo

r individua l plant s are show ni nTabl e 5-2 5 an

d Figur e 5-22 . Fou

r o f th e plant s di d no t repor t an y screenin

g value s fo

r open ende d lines . Th

e testin

g protoco l specificall y exempte

d open-ende

d line s that wer e capped .

Hal f o f th

e plant s (1 , 9 , 10 , an d 11 ) sho

w a tren d o f relativel y hig hemissio

nfactor s usin

g al l estimatio

nmethods . Plant s 2 an d 7 sho w a declin e inemission s usin g th e method s fro

m lef t t o righ t inth e table , bu t no t th e rapi d declin

e see nfo r other components . Plant s 3 an d 5 sho w th e sam e relativel y

rapi d declin

e fo r open-ended line s tha t appear s for othe r components . Thi s rapi d declin e seem s t o indicat e tha t relativel y fe w component s are emittin g a t relativel y

hig hlevels . Th

e emission s fro

m high emittin g open-ended line s are rathe r constan t throughou t th e estimatio

n methodology . However , a s th e emissio

nleve l i s allowe

d t o declin

e (movin

g lef t t o right inth

e table) , a stead

y declin e indicate s fe

w or n o emission s fro m th e source s involved .

5-6 4TABL E 5-24 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F ESTIMATE

D FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S B

YE O CONCENTRATION : EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

ROPEN-ENDED LINE S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
I Xt o 2 1 2 Xt o S

X S Xt o 10

X 10 Xt o SO

X SO Xt o 9S

X 9S Xt o 100X dumbe r o f Cooponent a
2 0 14 8 I S 1S 2 5 1 36 8 Mea

nRa w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
11 5 8 1 3 19 2 340 0 33 2 Mea

n EO Amount (X )
100. 0 49. 3 100. 0 99. 8 91. 2 100. 0 Averag e

SOCM I
.00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 Mea n Emissio n Factor * (Al l Value s in lb/hr/aource ) Leak / Stratifie d No Lea k Emissio

n
.00330 0 .00124 1 .00162 7 .00016 0 .00330 0 .00029 0 .00374 8 .00103 3 .00373 0 .00145 3 .00367 5 .00117 9 Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00095 9 .00015 1 .00010 9 .00109 3 .00143 9 .00144 1 Correlatio n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00089 1 .00011 8 .00002 7 .00103 3 .00138 6 .00137 9 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00095 9 .00015 1 .00010 9 .00109 3 .00143 9 .00144 1

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

ut I Os

p o 0 )P.2 7

0 . 1000-t 0.0100 + 

## 22 g w o n w0£ > 0.001 C X <JS Wfc a X . J 3
0.000 1 +

o . aoooi ' 4 - 4 - SOCM I Facto r

E O Averag e •a. too o

.010 0

.001 0

.000 1

•a. oooo i "1-2 X 2-S X 3- 1 O X 10-SO X 30-OS3 C »83 X E O CONCENTRATIO

N SOCM I

Q COR RCURV E (EPA ) * ~ LEAK/N

O LEA K D ' " STRATIFIE D -•— - COR

RCURV E (1 ) - A — COR RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-21 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

n Factor s t

o E O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s fo

r Open-Ended Line s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-6 6P.2 8

TABL E 5-25
. EMISSIONFACTOR S FOR OPEN-ENDE D LINE S FO R EAC H PLAN T MEA NEMISSIO

NFACTOR USIN

G TH E METHO D LISTE D (LB/HR) '

Plan t Numbe r1-1 

### 2 3 5 7 9 1 0 1 1 Mea n Em i

SOCM I
0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0
Relativ e Std
. Dev . ssio n Facto r
Leak / N o Lea k

0.00310 2 0.00322 0 0.00273 5 0.00330 0 0.00325 1 0.00330 0 0.00379 3 0.00330 0
8.4X Usin g the

Stratifie d

0.00151 0 0.00659 0 0.00024 0 0.00029 0 0.00059 2 0.00622 7 0.00149 9 0.00029 0
116.2 X Metho d Liste d

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

0.00247 9 0.00060 0 0.00013 3 0.00008 6 0.00040 3 0.00484 2 0.00145 7 0.00447 0
99.8 X (lb/hr/source )

Correlatio n Curv e Correlatio n LL D - 0 Curv e (EOIC )

0.00243 6 0.00054 2 0.00006 8 0.00001 8 0.00032 3 0.00478 5 0.00141 6 0.00447 0
103.6 X . 0.00248 0

0.00060 1 0.00013 4 0.00008 8 0.00040 5 0.00484 4 0.00145 8 0.00447 0
106.6 X

a Th e testin g protoco l specificall yexempte d cappe d open-ended line s fro m bein g .tested
.

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-6 7P.2 9

0.01000 -

C 0.00100 + fl> u z u 0 « a MI X 0 0 1 O M « H N . H O h XaS j J 5 Mlia S a Q a oooio- -

aooaoi . H r 4 r 4 1 1 h

H 1 1 1 1 1 1 h 

## + 4 r H fSOCM I Facto r



## + H r O.0100 0

.0010 0

.0001 0

O . 0000 1 # 4 # 6 # 8 #1 2 # 5 # 3 # 7 # 2 AV G #1 0 # 1 #1 1 # 9 SOCM I PLAN T NUMBE R —-•-—COR RCURV E (EPA )

— O LEAK/N

O LEA K • ••••• • STRATIFIE D —p... . COR

RCURV E (1 )

. . A

_ . COR

RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-22 . EOIC/EP A Emission s Study : Compariso nAmon g Twelv e Plant s Sample d Usin g Differen t Calculatio nApproaches : Average Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Open-Ended Line s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-6 8P.3 0

5.3.4. 4 Symttiflr v

Th e followin

g conclusion s ca

nbe draw

nfro m th e dat a concernin

g th e 75 4 open-ende

d line s reporte

d inthi s study :

• Thos e wer e 69.5Xfewer leakin g open-ende

d line s foun

d inthi s stud y tha n i nth e SOCM I study .

• Ther e wer e n

o leakin

g open-ende

d line s o

nline s containin

g les s tha

n 10 XEO .

• Th e correlatio

ncurv e usin g th e EOI C defaul t value predict s a n emissio nfactor 70.8 Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor .

• Th e emissio

nfactor s fo

r th e variou s plant s showe d differen t trends , indicatin g that significant difference s exis t amon

g plants .
5.3. 5 ?ump s

Ther e wer e 19 0 pump s include d inthi s study . Almos t 53 Xwer e o

n line s wit hmor e tha n95XEO , whil e 3.7Xwer e o nline s wit h1-2

XEO . About 73

X o f th e pump s wer e o

nline s wit hmor e tha n50XEO .
5.3.5. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s Figur e 5-2 3 illustrate s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r al l pumps . Tabl e 5-2 6 an d Figur e 5-2 4 sho

w th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s a s a functio

no f E O concentration . Figure 5-2 5 show s th e distributio

no f al l pump s an

d leakin

g pump s b

y E O concentration . Al l 8 (4.21X ) o f th e leakin

g pump s wer e o

nline s containin

g mor e tha

n95 XEO . Th

e 4.21 Xo f leakin

g pump s represent s a reductio no f 52.2Xfro

m th e 8.8 Xleakin

g pump s foun

d inth e SOCMI study . Pump s showe d th e highes t percentage o f leakin g component s inth

e

5-6 9P.3 1



### AL L PUMP S 19 0

6 0 X



# mm 

# 4.2 *
3 . 2 X

16 . 8 X 

### 15.8 %

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp m Y///A 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp m I'llll H > 1000 0 pp m
Figur e 5-23 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Distributio n o f E O Screenin g Value s fo rAl l Pumps
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-7 0P.3 2

TABL E 5-26 .

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio

n

I Xto 2 X 2 Xt o 5 X 5 Xt o 10X 10Xt o 50X SO Xt o 95 X 95 Xt o 100 X Tota l (Al l E O Ranges ) DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W FO RPUMP S
Number 0- 9 pp m
5 6 7 1 5 2 2 5 9

11 4 OV A

o f Component s 10-9 9 pp mI-I 0 0 5 1 2 1 4

3 2 SCREENIN G VALUE S

i nScreenin

g Va l 100-99 9 pp mI-I 2I-I 8 4 1 4
3 0 1000 -

pp m
0 0 0 0I-I 5

6 B Y

u e E O CONCENTRATIO

N

Range >999 9 pp m
0 0 0 0 0 8
8 Tota l

7 8 8 2 8 3 9 10 0
19 0

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n

I Xt o 2 X 2 Xt o 5 X 5 Xt o 10X 10 Xt o 50X 50Xto 95

X 95 Xt o 100 X Weighted Average * Percentage 0- 9 pp m
71.4 3 75.0 0 87.5 0 53.5 7 56.4 1 59.0 0 60.0 0 o f Component s InScreenin g Valu e 10-9 9 pp

m
14.2 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 17.8 6 30.7 7 14.0 0 16.8 4 100-99 9

14.2 9 25.0 0 12.5 0 28.5 7 10.2 6 14.0 0 15.7 9 p p m 1000 - Range

999 9 pp m >999 9 pp

m
0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.5 6 5.0 0 3.1 6 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 8.0 0 4.2 1

a Weighted Average - Tota l number o f component s ina give nE O concentratio

n range expresse

d a s a percentage o f th e tota l number o f component s i nal l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-7 1P.3 3



### EO i < 9 5 X (9 0 Pumps ) EO i > 9 5 X CI0 0 Pumps )

6 1 Z 5 9 Z

1 Z

1 8 Z 1 4 Z 2 0 Z 1 4 Z

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp m /^</ 3 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 

## 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m I I 1 I I I

I > 1000 0 pp m
Figur e 5-24 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s for Pump s b

y E O Concentratio

n

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-7 2P.3 4



## ALL PUMP S CI9 0 PUMPS ) LEAKER S C S PUMPS )

1 9 Z

4 Z
1 0 0 x

5 3 X



### EO i 1 - 2 Z 

## V777771 EO , 2 - 5 Z

^ ^ i EO . 5 - 5 0 X I I I I I I I EO . 50-9 5 Z

TM ~ EO i > 9 5 Z Figur e 5-25 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Distributio n o f Pumps Sample d b y E

O Concentration : Al l Component s an d "Leakers '
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-7 3P.3 5

presen t study . Al l o f th e hig hemitter s wer e o

nline s containin

g mor e tha

n 95 XEO . Th

e non-emittin

g clas s containe

d 60Xo f th

e pump s measured . Th e lowan d very-low-emitte r classe s containe d about 16

Xeach .
5.3.5. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s
Th e mean emissio

nfactor s show

ninTabl e 5- 6 fo

r pump s tha t wer e calculate

d usin g al l th

e othe r method s are lower tha nth e SOCM I factor , bu t th e reductio

ni s no t a s dramati c a s fo r th e component s discusse d previously . Th e estimate

d emissio

nfactor o f 0.04265 1 lb/hr/sourc e usin g th e correlatio

n curv e wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value i s about 60.8 Xles s tha nth e SOCM I emissio

n factor fo

r pumps .
Tabl e 5-2 7 an

d Figure 5-2 6 sho

w th e meanemissio

nfactor s fo

r eac h E O concentratio

nrange b

y eac hestimatio

nmethod . Thes e dat a sho w clearl y that th e majo r emission s fo r pump s wer e fro

m line s containin

g mor e tha

n95 X EO . Th e dat a fo

r th e E O range s wit hles s tha n10XE O sho w th e relativel y rapi d declin

e associate

d wit hmostl y

non-leakin

g components . However , th e line s containin

g mor e tha

n95 XE O sho w relativel y

constan t emissio

nrates , regardles s o f th

e metho d used . Thi s indicate s that th e emision s are dominate d b y th e leakin

g components .
5.3.5. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analvsi s

Tabl e 5-2 8 an

d Figur e 5-2 7 sho

w th e emissio

nfactor s fo

r eac hplant calculate

d b y al l o f th

e estimatio

nmethods . Ther e i s wide variatio ninth e factors . Mos t plant s sho w a declinin

g emissio

nfactor goin

g fro m lef t t o right i nth

e table , whichseem s t o indicat e mostl y

non-emittin

g components . Onl y fou r plant s reporte

d leakin

g pumps .

5-7 4TABL E 5-27 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF ESTIMATE

D FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S B

YE O CONCENTRATION : EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RPUMP S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
I Xt o 2 1 2 Xt o S

X 5 1 t o 10

X 10 Xt o SO

X SO Xt o 9S

X 95 Xt o 100

X Number o f

Component !
7 8 

### a 2 8 3 9 10 0 MeanRa

w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
9 2 4 4 I S 8 3 5 7 S07 S Mea

n EO Amount (X )
100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 99. 2 100. 0 Averag e

SOCM I

. 10890 0

. 10890 0 .10890 0 .10890 0 .10890 0 .10890 0 Mea

n Leak / N o Lea k
.02640 0 .02640 0 .02640 0 .02640 0 .02617 8 .12006 0 Emissio

nFactora Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00436 0 .00436 0 .00436 0 .01180 0 .00610 4 .10439 0 (Al l Value s i n Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00081 2 .00078 2 .00023 0 .00180 9 .00080 3 .08007 9 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (IXD-0 )
.00075 3 .00072 5 .00015 3 .00176 4 .00075 8 .08003 1 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00081 2 .00078 2 .00023 0 .00180 9 .00080 3 .08007 9

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

L n I sjxP.3 7

0 . 1000- -

• y 0.0100 " o 2 l a O C O 3 M a o W O ( 8 M H \ M U U S a* a Xt W (» a\ 0.0010 " X I

o . ooooi- r SOCM I Facto r -•0.010 0

E O Averag e

-+ • 1-2 1 2-S X ' S-IO Z 10-SO tS0-95 X >03 X

E O CONCENTRATIO

N . 100 0

"0.001 0

- -o . oo o I

O.0000 1 SOCM I ^~C0R R CURV

E (EPA ) O LEAK/N

O LEA K •••••• • STRATIFIE

D ----».—COR

R CURV E (1 ) A COR RCURV E (EOIC )

Figur e 5-26 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio

n Factor s t o E

O Concentratio

nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s For Pump s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-7 6P.3 8

TABL E 5-28
. EMISSIO NFACTOR S FOR PUMP S FOR EAC H PLANT : MEA NEMISSIONFACTO R USIN G TH E METHO D LISTE D (LB/HR )

Mea n Emissio n Facto r Usin g the Metho d Liste d (lb/hr/source ) Correlatio n Plan t Leak / Correlatio n Curv e Correlatio n Numbe r SOCM I N o Lea k Stratifie d Curv e (EPA ) (LL D - 0 ) Curv e (EOIC )


### 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0
Relativ e Std
. Dev . 0.06229 3 0.02618 9 0.02640 0 0.02640 0 0.26055 0 0.02640 0 0.02640 0 0.02640 0 0.11154 5 0.02640 0 0.32440 9
118.4 X 0.04922 2

0.00988 0 0.00436 0 0.00436 0 0.24402 0 0.00436 0 0.00436 0 0.04360 0 0.10413 5 0.00725 3 0.31569 5
143.8 X 0.03963 9

0.00194 8 0.00051 3 0.00476 0 0.24116 8 0.00010 7 0.00012 3 0.00039 6 0.08939 5 0.00117 1 0.22838 5
160.4 X 0.03961 2

0.00192 7 0.00045 9 0.00040 3 0.24114 6 0.00002 7 0.00004 2 0.00036 2 0.08938 2 0.00111 0 0.22833 4

162.I X 0.03964 0

0.00194 8 0.00051 4 0.00047 7 0.24116 9 0.00010 9 0.00012 5 0.00039 7 0.08939 6 0.00117 2 0.22838 6
169.9 X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-7 7P.3 9

1 . ooooo -

~. 0. 1 O W 3 M c e o M O M M 6 l a 

### x<a W fa \ J Q 0.0 1

o . ooioo- •

fl. oooto- -

0.0008 1 H h H h



## + +-— h

G—e—ooo o
Q....Q....Q....Q....Q E O Avarag a

SOCM I Facto r

H 1 1 h 4 - + • 

## + + H h 

## + 1.0000 0

,1000 0

* a. oioo o

.0010 0

.0001 0

H h •O. 0000 1 # 4 # 7 # 8 (H

Q # 5 # 3 #1 1 # 2 # 1 AV G #1 0 #1 2 #6SOCM I PLAN TNUMBE R COR RCURV E (EPA ) LEAK/N O LEA

K •D-• • STRATIFIE D -»-- - COR

RCURV E (1 )

- A COR

RCURV E (EOIC )



### Figur e 5-27 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso n.Amon g Twelv e Plant s Studie

d Usin g Differen t Calculatio n Approaches : Averag e Emissio nFactor s For Pump s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-7 8P.4 0

5.3.5. 4 Sypgar

v
Th e followin

g conclusion s ca

nb e draw nfro m th e dat a concernin

g th e 19 0 pump s measure

d inthi s study :

• Th e number o f leakin

g pump s inthi s stud y wa s 52,2 Xlower tha n foun d durin g th e SOCMI study .

• Th e meanemissio

nfacto r calculate

d fro m th e correlatio

ncurv e wit hth e EOI C defaul t i s 60.8 Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

n factor .

• Th e emissio

nfacto r fo r pump s wit h>95 XE O wa s tw

o order s o f magnitude highe r tha nfo r pump s wit hothe r E O concentrations .

• Ther e i s wid

e variatio

ninth e emissio

nfactor s fo

r pump s amon

g th e plants ; an

d

• Fou

r plant s accounte

d fo r al l eight leakin

g pump s inthi s study . 5.3, 6 Safet

y Valve s Figur e 5-2 8 show

s th e distributio

no f th e 10 5 safet

y valve s reporte

d inthi s study . Th

e figure show

s approximatel y

equa l number s o f component s (37-38X ) inth

e lowes t E

O concentratio

nrange (1-2X ) an

d inth e highes t E

O concentratio

nrange (>95X) . Safet y valve s vented to a flare o r controlle

d b y a rupture dis k wer e no t monitored ihthi s study .

5-7 9P.4 1



### AL L SAFET YRELIE F VALVE S

10 5

2 X

1 2 X

1 1 X 3 8 X

3 7 X

EO i 1 - 2 X



### Y///A EO . 2 - 5 X 

## SSS 3 EO

. 5 - 5 0 « I I I 1 I I I EO . 50-9 5 X

EO . 

### > 9 5 X

Figur e 5-28 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f Safet

y Relie f Valve s Sample d b y E O Concentratio

n

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-8 0P.4 2

5.3.6. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s
Th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r eac hE O concentratio

n range i s show n inTabl e 5-2 9 an

d illustrate

d inFigure 5-29 . N o leakin

g o r high emittin g safet y valve s wer e reported . Onl y on e low-emittin

g an d si xvery-low emittin g safet y valve s wer e reported . Th e categor

y o f non-emittin

g safet y valve s containe

d 93.3Xo f th

e population .
5.3.6. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s

As expecte

d fo r a component tha t basicall y wa s foun

d t o b e non emitting , th

e emissio

nfactor s fo

r safet y valve s decline

d rapidl y

a s th e defaul t value wa s reduced , i.e. , fro m lef t to right inTabl e 5-6 . Th e average emissio n factor calculate

d usin g th e correlatio

ncurv e metho d wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value wa s 99.9+Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor . Th

e Leak/N

o Leak factor wa s 60.4Xlower an d th e stratifie

d factor wa s 87.5 Xlower tha nth e SOCM I factor .

Mea nemissio

nfactor s calculate d b y eac hestimatio

nmetho d fo r th e differen t E

O concentratio

nrange s appear in Tabl e 5-3 0 an d are illustrate

d i n Figure 5-30 . Th

e dat a containe

d inbot hTabl e 5-3 0 an d Figur e 5-3 0 sho

w significan t scatte r inth e results . However , i t shoul d be noted tha t almos t al l th e data , especiall y

dat a fro

m th e correlatio

ncurves , are nea r th e lowes t reportabl e values .
5.3.6. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analvsi s

Testin g o f safet

y valve s vented t

o a contro l devic e wa s specificall y exclude d fro m th e screenin

g protocol . Fiv

e plant s di d no t repor t screenin g value s fo

r safet y valves . Emissio

nfactor s fo

r eac hplan t calculate

d b y al l o f th e estimatio

nmethod s are presente d inTabl e 5-3 1 an

d illustrate

d in Figur e 5-31 . Giventh e basi c non-emittin g natur e o f th

e safet y valve s inthi s study , n

o discernibl e trend s coul d be see ninth e data , a s show

nb y th e straight lin

e curv e derive

d b y th e Leak/N

o Leak an

d stratifie

d method s in Figur e 5-31 .
5-8 1P.4 3

TABL E 5-29
. DISTRIBUTIO NO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y E O CONCENTRATIO N FO R SAFETY VALVE S

Numbe r o f Component s i n Screening Valu e Rane e Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n

IX t o 2 X 2 X t o 5 X 5 X t o 10 X 10 X t o SO

X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X Tota l (Al l E O Ranges ) 

### 0- 9

pp m
3 9 

### 1 3 8 1 1 3 6
9 8 10-9 9 

### pp m


### 0r-l 

### 0 2 0 3
6 100-99 9



### pp m


### 0 0 0 0 0I-I


### 1 1000

-



### pp m


### 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 >999 9



### pp m


### 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 Tota l



### 3 9 

### 2 3 1 0 1 1 4 0


### 10 5

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio n Percentag e o f Component s I n Screenin e Valu e Rang e 1000

- 0- 9 pp m10-9 9 ppm100-99 9 pp m999 9 pp

m>999 9 pp

m

I X t o 2 X 2 X t o 5 X 5 X t o 10 X 10 X t o 50 X 50 X t o 95 X 95 X t o 100 X 100.0 0 50.0 0 100.0 0 80.0 0 100.0 0 90.0 0 0.0 0

50.0 0 0.0 0 20.0 0 0.0 0 7.5 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.5 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Weighte d Average ' 93.3 3 5.7 1 

### .9 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 Weighte d Averag e - Tota l numbe r o f component s i n a give n E O concentratio n rang e expresse d a s a percentag e o f the tota l numbe r o f component s i n al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-8 2P.4 4



### AL L SAFET YRELIE F VALVE S

10 5

93 . 3 X

< 1 0 pp m 1 0 - 10 0 pp

m Y////A 10 0 - 100 0 pp m 100 0 - 1000 0 pp

m 5 3 > IOOO

O p p 

### m

Figure 5-29 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Distributio no f E O Screenin

g Value s fo

r Al l Safet

y Valve s

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-8 3TABL E 5-30 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ETHYLEN

E OXIDE FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S FO

RAL L PARTICIPATIN

G PLANTS : EMISSIO

N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RSAFET YVALVE S

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentretlo

n
I Xt o 2

X 2Xt o S

X S Xt o 10

X 10 Xt o SO

X SO Xt o 9S

X 9SXt o 100X Number o f Component s
3 9 2 3 1 0 1 1 4 0 Mea

n Ra w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
2 8 3 6 3 1 7 Mea

nEO Amount (X )
82. 9 16. 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Averag e

SOCM I
.22910 0 .22910 0 .22910 0 .22910 0 .22910 0 .22910 0 Mea

n Leak / N o Lea k
.08163 6 .01599 0 .09850 0 .09850 0 .09850 0 .09850 0 Emissio

nFactor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.02080 3 .00407 5 .02510 0 .02310 0 .02510 0 .03983 5 (Al l Value s I n Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00007 3 .00001 4 .00008 8 .00009 3 .00008 8 .00030 8 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00000 7 .00000 8 .00000 0 .00002 8 .00000 2 .00023 4 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00007 3 .00001 4 .00008 8 .00009 3 .00008 8 .00030 8

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

i n I 0 0P.4 6



## ss g wo a 

## s 0 . 1000- -

0.0100- -

0.001 C
u

» H aoooi-f 0.00001 " "

.000001 ' 1 . \ / ,-* • •B - 

## •e" ' . . - D

SOCM I Facto r 

# * 1

E O Averag e

1-2 X 2-S * 5- 1 O X 10-50 * 50-SS X >0S S E O CONCENTRATIO

N AV

C SOCM

I ) . 100 0

- -0.010 0

.001 0

.000 1

.0000 1

00000 1

~ T COR

RCURV E (EPA ) " • LEAK/N

O LEA K ••••• • STRATIFIE D

- O COR

RCURV E (I )
m COR

RCURV E (EOIC )

Figure 5-30 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv e Emission s Study : Compariso no f Emissio n Factor s t o E O Concentratio nUsin g Differen t Calculationa l Approache s Fo r Safet y Relie f Valve s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-8 5P.4 7

TABL E 5-31
. EMISSIO NFACTOR S FOR SAFET Y VALVE S FO R EAC H PLANT : MEA NEMISSIO

NFACTOR USIN

G TH E METHO D LISTE D (LB/HR )

Mea n Emissio n Facto r Usin g the Metho d Liste d (lb/hr/source ) Correlatio n Plan t Leak / Correlatio n Curv e Correlatio n Numbe r SOCM I N o Lea k Stratifie d Curv e (EPA ) (LI D - 0 ) Curv e (EOIC )l-l 

### 3 5 6 7 9 1 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0
Relativ e Std
. Dev . 0.08161 4 0.09850 0 0.09662 6 0.07219 1 0.09850 0 0.09850 0 0.09850 0
10.8 X 0.02079 7

0.02510 0 0.03832 9 0.01839 6 0.02510 0 0.02510 0 0.02510 0
22.9 X 0.00007 2

0.00008 6 0.00028 6 0.00006 3 0.00008 6 0.00013 4 0.00009 3
61.5 X 0.00001 2

0.00000 0 0.00021 3 0.00000 0 0.00000 0 0.00013 4 0.00002 9
141.I X 0.00007 3

0.00008 8 0.00028 8 0.00006 5 0.00008 8 0.00013 4 0.00009 5
65.5 X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-8 6P.4 8

1.00000 0

t 9 o 2 U o t g 3 M K0 n o a M O M x<a 0. 1

0.0 1

>_ . 0.0010OO- -

aoooioo "

0.000010 * * -\ —IQ..--B - .Q... Q ... a ... Q ...- B 

## ...- •

•+—I-—I—I - -H'-f- ^ ^ 1 r 1.00000 0

.01000 0

. 00100 0

.00010 0

.00001 0

# 2 #4 0 8 #1 1 #1 2 # 6 # 1 # 3 # 7 #1 0 # vAV G # 5 SOCM

I PLAN T NUMBE R —• — -•—COR RCURV

E (EPA )

- O LEAK/N

O LEA K .n.. . STRATIFIE D
„ . COR RCURV E (1 ) ""COR RCURV

E (EOIC ) — A —

Figur e 5-31 . EOIC/EP A Fugitiv

e Emission s Study : Compariso nAmon g Twelv e Plant s Sample

d Usin g Differen t Calculatio nApproaches : Average Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Safet y Relie f Valve s SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-8 7P.4 9

5.3.6. 4 «fi,iiTiiTi^r y
Th e overal l conclusio nconcernin

g th e 10 5 safet

y valve s reporte

d i n thi s stud

y i s tha t safet

y valve s d

o no t contribut e significantl y t o E O fugitiv e emission s fro

m E O production . Th

e average emissio

nfactor fo

r safet y valve s wa s 99.9+Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor . N

o leakin

g safet y valve s wer e foun

d inan y plant .
5.3. 7 Seale

d Flange s
Ther e wer e 10 5 seale d flange s reporte

d inthi s study . Almos t 84 Xo f thes e wer e o

nline s containin

g mor e tha

n95 XEO . Thes e component s wer e originall y

thought to b e somewha t differen t fro m norma l flange s becaus e emission s congregat e at th e dri p tube ; therefore , the y wer e treate

d a s a separat e class .
5.3.7. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s

+ Tabl e 5-3 2 show

s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s fo

r eac hE O concentratio

nrange . Accordin

g t o th e table , al l 4 (3.81X ) o f th e leakin

g an d bot h(1.9X ) o f th

e high-emittin

g seale d flange s wer e o

nline s containin

g mor e tha n95 XEO . Ther e wer e n o lo w emittin

g seale d flanges . Eleve

n(10.5X ) o f th e seale d flange s wer e ver

y lo w emitters . Almos t 84 Xo f th e seale d flange s wer e no n emitters .
5.3.7. 2 Emissio

nEstimate s

A s see ninTabl e 5-6 , virtuall y al l estimatio

nmethod s yielded highe r emissio

nfactor s fo

r seale d flange s tha

nth e SOCM I emissio

nfactor fo

r flanges , whichwa s th e onl y basi s fo

r comparison . I t wa s no t possibl e t o determin

e fro m th e dat a whethe r seale d an d ordinar

y flange s truly

differ .

5-8 8P.5 0

TABL E 5-32 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YE O CONCENTRATIO

N FO RSEALE D FLANGE S

Number o f Component s inScreenin g Valu e Range Ethylen e Oxide 0- 9 10-9 9 100-99 9 1000 - >999 9 Concentratio

npp

m pp

m pp

m pp

m pp

m Tota l

I Xt o 2 Z 5 Xt o 10X 10Xto 50 X 50Xt o 95 X 95 Xt o 100 X 0

1 1 1 0 7 6 1

0 1 3 6 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 0

0 0 0 4 1

1 2 1 3 8 8 Tota l (Al l E O Ranges ) 

### 8 8 1 1 10 5

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio

n Percentage o f Component s I nScreenin g Value Rane e 1000 - 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m

I Xt o 2 X 5 Xto 10 X 10Xt o 50X 50Xt o 95 X 95 Xto 100 X 0.0 0

100.0 0 50.0 0 76.9 2 86.3 6 100.0 0

0.0 0 50.0 0 23.0 8 6.8 2 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.2 7 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 4.5 5 Weighted Average * 83.8 1 10.4 8 0.0 0 1.9 0 3.8 1 Weighted Average - Tota l number o f component s Ina give nE O concentratio

n range expressed a s a percentage o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s inal l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-8 9P.5 1

Th e mos t reasonabl e explanatio nfo r th e differenc e betweenseale d flange s an

d norma l flange s i s th e sea l itsel f an

d th e potentia l fo

r trappin

g fugitiv e emission s inth

e enclose

d space . Becaus e o f thi s physica l constraint , th

e emission s fro

m seale d flange s might no t b e swept awa

y fro m th e area b y wind s i nth

e plant an

d the y woul d therefore be mor e easil y pulle d int o th e OV A durin g testing . For thi s reason , th e correlatio

ncurve s are no t applicabl e to seale d flanges .
Tabl e 5-3 3 show

s th e meanemissio

nfacto r estimate s fo

r eac ho f th e E O concentratio

nrange s calculate

d b y eac hmethod . Thes e dat a sho w that th

e majo r emission s cam e fro m seale d flange s o

n line s wit h>95 XEO .
5.3.7. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analvsi s

Tabl e 5-3 4 show

s that onl y

2 o f th

e 1 2 plant s reporte d dat a fo

r seale d flanges . Plant 6 ha d significantl y

highe r emissio

nfactor s fo

r seale d flange s tha

ndi d Plant 7 .
5.3.7. 4 Summar

y
Th e conclusion s draw

nfro m th e limite

d dat a concernin

g seale d flange s i nthi s stud y ar e th e following :

• Emission s fro

m seale d flange s appeare

d t o b e predominantl y fro m line s containin

g mor e tha

n95 Z EO .

• Seale

d flange s represent a different clas s o f component tha nordinar

y flanges , an

d the y shoul d b e treate

d separately .

5-9 0TABL E 5-33 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F ESTIMATE

D FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S B

YE O CONCENTRATION : EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RSEALED FLANGE S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
I X S X 10 X SO X 95 X t o t o t o t o to 2 X 10 X SO X 95 X 100 X Numbe r o t

Component s
1 1 2 1 3 8 8 Mean Ra

w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
1 0 2 8 4 S4 3 Mea

n EO Amount (X )
1 5 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 7 0 0 0 0 Averag e SOCM I
.00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 Mean

Leak / H o Lea k
.00002 0 .00013 0 .00013 0 .00013 0 .00482 1 Em

l isio n Factor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00000 7 .00004 4 .00004 4 .00004 4 .00495 9 (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00003 9 .00020 9 .00020 9 .00020 9 .00624 7 Correlatio n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00003 9 .00000 0 .00005 8 .00001 3 .00607 6 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00003 9 .00000 0 .00005 8 .00001 3 .00607 7

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .
\n I



# J 5P.5 3

TABL E 5-34
. EMISSIO NFACTOR S FOR SEALE D FLANGE S FOR EAC H PLANT : MEA NEMISSIO

NFACTOR USIN

G TH E METHO D LISTE D (LB/HR )

Mea n Emissio n Facto r Usin g th e Metho d Liste d (lb/hr/source ) Correlatio n Plan t Leak / Correlatio n Curv e Correlatio n Numbe r SOCM I N o Lea k Stratifie d Curv e (EPA ) LL D - 0 Curv e (EOIC )
6 0.00183 0 7 0.00183 0 0.00062 9

0.00013 0 0.00068 3

0.00004 4 0.00084 8

0.00020 5 0.00073 6

0.00005 7 0.00540 2

0.00005 7
Relativ e Std
. Dev . 10.8 X 22.9 X 61.5 X 141.I X 138.5 X

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988
.

5-9 2P.5 4

5.3. 8 Sampl e Point s

Thirty sampl e points , treate d a s open-ende

d lines , wer e reporte d in th e survey . Tabl e 5-3 5 show s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s Inth

e E O concentratio

nranges . Accordin g t o th e table , 90

X(2 7 sampl e points ) wer e in th e categor

y o f nonemitters . Th e remainin

g 10X( 3 sampl e points ) wer e inth e very-low-emitte r category . Compariso nwit hth

e SOCMI databas e i s no t appropriat e sinc e testin g durin g th e SOCM I stud

y wa s conducte

d durin g actua l proces s sampl e acquisition . I nthi s EOI C study , n o proces s sampl e acquisitio n wa s inprogres s durin g th e screenin

g tests .
Overall , there wer e no t enoug hdat a t

o full y evaluat e th

e fugitiv

e emission s fro

m thi s typ

e o f component . A s see ninTabl e 5-36 , sampl e point s experience

d ver y fe w emission s fo

r ever y E O concentratio

nrange . I t appear s tha t sampl e point s are insignificant source s o f fugitiv e emission s inE

O productio

nplants .
5.3. 9 Compressor s

Onl y fiv e compressor s wer e monitore d inthi s study , becaus e mos t compressor s wer e seale d an d coul d no t be tested . Tabl e 5-3 7 show s th e distributio

no f screenin

g value s inth

e E O concentratio

nranges . Thre e (60X ) o f th e compressor s wer e inth e non-emitte r category . On e (20X ) eac

ho f th e compressor s wa s i nth e low-emitte r an

d very-low-emitte r categories . Th e complet e lack o f leakin g compressor s represent s a 99.9-f Xreductio

nfro m th e 9.I Xleakin

g compressor s foun

d inth e SOCMI study . Th

e 0.00076 7 lb/hr/sourc e average emissio

nfactor show

ninTabl e 5- 6 calculate d b y th e correlatio

ncurv e metho d wit hth

e EOI C defaul t value i s 99.8 Xlower tha nth e SOCM I emissio

n factor . Tabl e 5-3 8 show s th e distributio

no f emissio

nfactor s wit hE

O concentration .

5-9 3P.5 5

TABL E 5-35 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S BYE

O CONCENTRATIO

N FO RSAMPLE POINT S

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio

n
2 Xto 5 X 5 Xt o 10X 10Xt o 50 X 50Xt o 95 X 95 Xt o 100 X Tota l (Al l E O Ranges ) 

### 0- 9

pp m
4 3 4 2 1 4
2 7 10-9 9



### pp m
0 0 0 0 3
3 100-99 9



### pp m
0 0 0 0 0
0 1000 -



### pp m
0 0 0 0 0
0 >999 9 

### pp m
0 0 0 0 0
0 Tota l

4

3 4 2 1 7


### 3 0

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio

n Percentage o f Component s InScreenin g Value Rane e 1000 - 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m
2 Xt o 5 X 5 Xt o 10X 10Xto 50 X 50Xt o 95 X 95 Xt o 100 X 100.0 0

100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 82.3 5 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 17.6 5 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Weighted Average " 90.0 0 10.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Weighted Average - Tota l number o f component s ina give nE O concentratio

n range expressed a s a percentage o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s inal l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-9 4TABL E 5-36 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF ESTIMATE

D FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N FACTOR S B

YE O CONCENTRATION : EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RSAMPLE POINT S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
2 Xt o 5 1 S Xt o 10

X 10Xt o SO

X 50Xt o 9S

X 95Xt o 100

X Number o f

Component s
4 3 4 2 1 7 MeanRa

w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
3 2 3 4 4 Mea

n E O Amoun t (X )
100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Average

SOCMI
.00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 .00370 0 Mea

n Leak / H o Lea k
.00330 0 .00330 0 .00330 0 .00330 0 .00330 0 Emissio

nFactor s Stratifie

d Emissio n
.00029 0 .00029 0 .00029 0 .00029 0 .00029 0 (Al l Value s in

Correlatio

n Curv e (EFA )
.00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio

n Curv e (LLD-0 )
.00000 0 .00000 0 .00000 0 .00000 0 .00000 1 Correlatio n Curv e (EOIC )
.00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00008 8

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

i n I v o V/ iP.5 7

TABL E 5-37 . DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YE O CONCENTRATIO

N FO RCOMPRESSOR S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n Number o f Component s inScreenin g Valu e Range 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 pp m 100-99 9

pp m 1000 -

pp m >999 9

pp m Tota l

I Xt o 2 X 2 Xt o 5 X 50Xt o 95 X 0

0 3 1

0 0 0

1 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 1

1 3 Tota l (Al l E O Ranges )

Ethylen e Oxid e Concentratio

n Percentage o f Component s I nScreenin g Value Range 1000 - 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m

I Xto 2 X 2 Xt o 5 1 50Xt o 95X 0.0 0

0.0 0 100.0 0 Weighted Average ' 60.0 0 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 20.0 0 0.0 0

100.0 0 0.0 0 20.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

" Weighted Averag e - Tota l number o f component s i na give nE O concentratio

n range expresse

d a s a percentage o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s in al l ranges .
SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-9 6TABL E 5-38 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F ESTIMATE D FUGITIV E EMISSION FACTOR S B YE O CONCENTRATION : EMISSION

FACTO RESTIMATE S FORCOMPRESSOR S

Ethylen e Oxide Concentratio

n
I Xt o 2

X 2 Xto S

X SO Xt o 95X Number o f Component s
1 1 3 Mea

nRa w OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
1 0 30 0 2 Mea

n EO Amount (X )
15. 7 100. 0 100. 0 Average

SOCM I
.50220 0 .50220 0 .50220 0 Mea

n Emissio

nFactor s (Al l Value s in Leak / Stratifie d Correlatio

n H o Lea k Emissio

n Curv

e (EPA )
.03084 0 .00390 0 .00001 7 .19690 0 .02490 0 .00355 4 .19690 0 .02490 0 .00008 8 lb/hr/source ) Correlatio

n Curv e (LLO-0 )
.00001 7 .00355 4 .00000 0 Correlation

Curv e (EOIC )
.00001 7 .00355 4 .00008 8

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

VO

o oP.5 9

5. 4 Baggin

g Stud y Optiona l baggin

g test s wer e conducte d a t fou r plant s inconjunctio n wit hth e screenin

g studies . Th

e result s o f al l th e baggin

g test s are presented inAppendi x4 . Thes e baggin g test s ca

npotentiall y

b e used fo

r tw o purposes . Th

e non-zero-screenin g sourc e dat a ca

nb e use d t o check th

e SOCM I screening-to-lea

k rat e correlation s fo r applicability

an d t o develo

p ne w correlation s (i f necessary) . Th e zero-screenin

g sourc e dat a ca

nb e use d t o develo p bette r defaul t zer o values .
Ther e are no t enoug hnon-zero-screenin g baggin

g dat a t

o develo

p ne w correlations . Ther e wer e onl y nin e non-zero-screenin g source s bagged , an d thos e wer e divide

d over th

e fou r sourc e type/servic e categor y correlation s (valves-gas , valves-liquid , flanges , an d pumps/other) .
Th e zero-screenin

g source s wer e analyze d t o determin

e whethe r ne

w defaul t zero value s coul d be developed . Th e defaul t zero concep t wa s developed b

y EP A to account for th

e fac t tha t baggin

g measurement s are mor e sensitiv

e tha nscreenin

g measurement s i ndetectin g low-leve l leakage . Abou t 1 0 ga s valve s tha t screene d a t "zero " (i.e. , n o differenc e betweenth e maximu

m screenin

g valu e an

d th e ambient backgroun d concentration ) wer e bagged inth e SOCM I stud

y an d foun d to hav

e non-zer o lea

k rates . Th

e average lea

k rat e fo

r thes e source s wa s calculated , an d tha t value wa s used to determin e th e equivalen t screenin g value b

y applyin

g th e correlatio

nbackward s (fro

m lea k rat e t o screenin

g value instea

d o f fro

m screenin

g value t

o lea k rate) . Th

e result s o f thi s analysi s wa s a "defaul t zero " screenin g value o f 8.1 7 pp

m that EP A recommende

d for us e fo

r al l sourc e categories .
Th e baggin

g dat a fo

r zero-screenin

g source s inthi s EOI C stud y i s presented i nAppendi x4 a s par t o f th e tota l baggin

g dat a an

d inindividua l summarie s fo

r eachsourc e type . Fo r eac hsourc e typ

e and/or correlatio n equation , th

e measured emission s rate s fo r th e zero-screenin

g source s wer e averaged . Tha t average emissio nrat e ca

nbe used directl y

t o estimat e th

e emission s fro

m zero-screenin

g sources . Th

e average value s wer e als o backed throug hth e correlation s t

o arriv e at defaul t zero screenin g values . Th

e
5-9 8P.6 0

result s o f thes e calculation s are presented inTabl e 5-39 . Th e defaul t zer

o emissio nrate s range fro

m 0.00000033 7 lb/hr/sourc e fo r valve s inliqui d servic e t

o 0.0000004 3 lb/hr/sourc e fo r valve s inga s service . Tha t correspond s to a rang e o f defaul t zero screenin g value s o f 0.000000 4 t o 0.00 5 ppm , respectively , fo r th e sam e tw o sourc e types . Th e defaul t zero value s in Tabl e 5-3 9 wer e use d fo r al l calculation s presented unde r th e colum ntitle s o f "Correlatio

nCurv e (EOIC) " o

r "Calculate

d Emissio

nRat e (EOIC). "
Ther e wa s insufficient zero-screenin g sourc e baggin

g dat a fo

r th e pump/othe r category . Th e EP A defaul t o f 8.1 7 pp m i s show

nfo r th e pump/othe r category . On

e distinctio

nshoul d be noted betweenth e pump/othe r categor y defaul t an

d th e three default s develope d usin g EOI C data . Th

e pump/othe r categor y defaul t i s a tota l VOC numbe r an d th e mas s emissio

nrate s generate

d fro m i t shoul d be adjuste d fo r th e fractio

n o f E O inth e lin e t o arriv e at a n E O emissio

nestimate . Th

e three EOI C default s are alread y EO-specifi c an

d shoul d no t be adjuste d fo r E O fractio

ninan y subsequent calculations .
Not e tha t different default s are give nfo r eac hsourc e typ

e wit hit s ow ncorrelation . A

nattempt wa s mad

e t o lum p th e dat a t

o arriv e a t a singl e defaul t zero value similar to th e EP A value o f 8.1 7 ppm . I t wa s determined , however , tha t n

o singl e defaul t value coul d adequatel y describ

e al l o f th

e sources . I t shoul d be recalle d tha t EP

A arrive d a t a singl e value largely becaus e al l o f th

e availabl e tes t dat a wer e fro m on e sourc e type .

5-9 9P.6 1

TABL E 5-39 . SUMMAR YOF ETHYLEN

E OXIDE DEFAUL T ZER O BAGGIN

G STUD YRESULT S

Equipmen t Type Servic e Categor y Number o f Dat a Point s Defaul t Zer o Screenin

g Value (ppm ) Zer

o Screenin

g Value Emissio

n Factor (lb/hr/source )

Valv e Liqui d Valv e Ga s Flange Al l Pump s an

d Others * Al l 7 4 9 None 4.00E-0 7

5.00E-0 3 3.50E-0 3 8.17E+00 ' 3.373E-0 7

4.295E-0 7 3.502E-0 7 8.804E-05 *
Defaul t value fo

r pump s an

d other component s take nfro m published EP

A document s (Ref . 8 )

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-10 0P.6 2

6. 0 ETHYLEN

E OXID E WOR

KPRACTICES , OPERATIN G PROCEDURES , AN

D DESIG N GUIDELINES : RESULT S O F A N EOI C SURVE

Y

A s othe r section s o f thi s repor t demonstrate , curren t overal l industr y fugitiv

e emission s o f ethylen e oxid e are considerabl y

lowe r tha

n thos e estimate

d previousl y

b y EP A usin g th e SOCM I emissio

nfactors . Th

e EOI C decide d t o conduc t a

nindustr

y surve y o f work practices , operatin g procedures , an d desig nguideline s ina

nattempt t

o explai nth

e lo w fugitiv

e emission s measured i nth

e curren t study . Thi s sectio no f th e repor t summarize s th e response s t

o th e survey . A

cop y o f th e questionnair e ca

nbe foun

d inAppendi x 5 .
O f th

e 1 2 E O plant s participatin g i nth e study , eight (67X ) sent complet e response s to th e questionnaire . Al l th e respondin

g plant s monito r fugitiv e emission s o f ethylen e oxide . Al l state d tha t th

e potentia l fo

r E O leak s wa s a majo r concer ndurin g th e desig no f th e E O manufacturin

g process .
I nrespons e to questio nnumber fou

r concernin

g program

s fo r genera l lea k detection , si xo f th e eigh t respondent s cite

d visua l inspectio

ndurin g regular rounds . Si xo f th e eight plant s hav

e combustibl e ga s detector s an d on e plan t i s i nth

e proces s o f evaluatin g suc ha system . One plan t als o employs an outsid

e contractor t

o conduc t quarterl y surveys , an

d on e doe s quarterl y

OV A screenin

g fo r E O an d maintain s a balanced hydrogensyste m which signal s a lea

k whe nth

e hydrogenconcentratio ni s high . On

e plan t cite

d us e o f anH-N

u mete r durin

g dail y round s an

d a ga s chromatograp ht o monito r th

e contro l roo

m an d analyze r building .
O f th e mechanism

s th e plant s us e to identify specifi c leakin

g equipment , th

e OV A analyze r seem

s th e mos t popular . Fiv e o f th e eight respondent s cite

d us e o f th

e OVA . On

e plan t use s equipment-specifi c LE L detector s an

d a nE O analyzer . On

e plan t use s a TL

V sniffe r thre e time s a day , durin g ever y shift . Som

e o f th e plant s usin

g th e OV A als o rel y

o nth e soa p bubbl e techniqu

e an d visua l sightin

g o f ice baLl s a t leak locations . One plan t use s a TL

V sniffe r an

d anH-N

u monito r durin

g rounds . On

e plan t use s a J W "sniffer " an

d als o ha s painted al l E O pipin g yellow .
6- 1P.6 3

Si xplant s responde d to th e questio

nabou t specia l procedure s used t o chec k for , prevent , o r mitigat e th

e effect s o f leaks . Fou r cite d specia l packin g an d gasket s fo

r valves , flanges , an d sampl e points , a s wel l a s doubl e seal s fo

r pumps , ruptur e disks , an d bal l valve s for ga s valves . Fiv e o f th e si xca p thei r open-ende

d lines . On

e plant discusse

d th e procedur e fo

r isolatin

g an d repairin

g leak s whe nthe

y occur , an

d on e cite d annua l inspectio

n o f safet

y valves . One plant sai d tha t spare pump s are kep t t o replac e leakin

g pump s an

d tha t mino r leak s o f E O wer e flushe

d wit hwater . On

e plant describe

d monthl y an d quarterl y

fugitiv

e emission s monitorin g a s wel l a s regular monitorin

g wit ha TL

V sniffer o

r H-N u meter . Questio nnumbe r seve

naske d th e plant s t

o describ

e an y written requiremen t the

y had fo r inspectin

g for leaks . Fiv

e plant s sai d the

y had suc

h writtenrequirements . O f thes e five , tw o sai d the

y visuall y

inspec t E

O equipmen t ever

y fou r hour s an

d conduc t quarterl y E O screening s a s th

e stat e requires . Pum

p seal s are checke

d onc e a wee k b

y on e plant an

d onc e a mont hb

y th e other . One o f th e fiv e sai d the

y follo w stat e requirement s fo r fugitiv

e emissio ntesting , regularl y checkin

g component s wit h>10 XVOC an d stream

s wit h >10 XEO . Thi s plan t als o check s pum p seal s onc e a week , al l accessibl e equipmen t ever

y quarte r an

d al l equipmen t annually . One plan t conduct s forma l an d informa l screenin g o f stream

s wit h>1 XE

O an d doe s quarterl y

OV A inspections .

Thre e plant s answere d "no " t

o questio

nnumbe r seven . On e o f thes e sai d tha t a

noutsid

e contractor follow s thei r ow

nwrittenprotocol , checkin g quarterl y

fo r VOCs . Thi s plan t check s th e ga s balanc e continually .
Al l eight plant s responde d t o question s concernin g on-lin

e maintenanc e an

d repai r procedure s for leakin g equipment . Al l state d tha t the

y repaire d leak s immediatel y whe npossibl e an

d always i f th

e lea k presented a safet y hazard or i f repai r wa s practicable . Leak s tha t canno t be repaire d immediatel y

an d ver y smal l leak s are repaire d a t th e nex t scheduled plan t shutdow nor turnaround , whichma y occu r a s lat e a s fiv

e year s later . Tw

o plant s keep spare s fo r al l pumps ; on

e plant sai d tha t al l thei r pump s fo r >2 X
6- 2P.6 4

E O servic e hav

e doubl e gat e valve s o r bal l valves
. Thre e plant s instal l leak

tigh t clamp s o n leaking equipmen t tha t canno t b e repaire d o n line
. On e plan t keep s fugitiv e emissio n checklist s and monitor s an yclampe d leak s closely
.
Mos t o f th e plant s sai d tha t portion s o f thei r operation s o r equipmen t ca n b e shu t dow n fo r repair s o f seriou s leaks
. Tw o plant s sai d they conside r an

yE O lea k seriou s enough t o fi x immediatel yand tha t theyhav e procedure s fo r isolating E O leaks
. Al l eigh t plant s respondin g t o questio n numbe r 1 4 sai d tha t th e potentia l fo r equipmen t leaks , a s wel l a s toxicity , explosio n potential , produc t loss , and energ ysaving s wa s considere d i n the desig n o f th e ethylen e oxid e process . On e plan t specificall ysai d tha t the numbe r o f possibl e lea k source s wa s minimized
. Other s mentione d following al l applicabl e desig n code s and conductin g reliabilit ystudies
.

Question s concernin g th e us e o f specifi c lea k preventio n measure s o r equipment , th e testing o f equipmen t befor e installation , and qualit ycontro l measure s wer e answere d byal l eigh t plants
. Mos t plant s us e pump s wit h doubl e seals ; thre e cite d specia l packin g materia l fo r gaskets ; on e cite d th e us e o f stainles s stee l piping ; on e sai d theyus e specia l metallurgy
. Mos t mentione d followin g desig n specification s an d adherin g t o applicabl e code s fo r preventin g leaks
. Thre e sai d theyinspec t th e operation s o f vendor s o f thei r equipmen t an

d on e sai d theypla n t o begi n thes e inspections
. On e plan t use s nitroge n purge s o f equipmen t and welde d connections , and on e use s backlightin g an d chlothan e t o tes t thei r E O equipment
.

Al l eigh t plant s sai d theytes t ne w o r repaire d equipmen t befor e installatio n o r star t up ; fiv e cite d hydrostati c o r iner t ga s testing an d the othe r thre e plant s cite d pressur e testing
. Fiv e plant s sai d theyx-ra yweld s o f al l ne w components .



### 6- 3P.6 5

Th e followin

g method s wer e cite d inanswer t

o questio

nnumbe r 1 8 about equipmen t change s th e plant s hav

e made t

o reduc e leaks :

• Us e o f dua l mechanica l seal s an d improve

d gaske t material s ( 7 plants) ;

• Inspectio

nan d replacement o f gasket s durin g turnaroun

d ( 1 plant) ;

• Us e o f close

d loo p purgin

g an d samplin

g ( 1 plant) ;

• Switchin

g fro m carbo nstee l to stainles s stee l E O equipmen t ( 1 plant) ;

• Minimizin

g o f numbe r o f flange s ( 1 plant) ;

• Are a monitorin g o f storage tank s ( 2 plants) ;

• Us e o f backwelded scre w connection s ( 1 plant) ; an d

• Us e o f lea

k detectio

ni nanalyze r house s ( 1 plant) .
I nsummary , th

e plant s tha t responde d t o th e questionnaire , representin

g 67Xo f th

e E O plant s inth

e U.S. , see

m t o b e awar e o f th

e improve d technolog

y an d method s availabl e fo r minimizin

g an d respondin

g t o leak s o f thi s dangerous , highl y explosiv

e chemical . Thoug

hth e respondent s di d no t answe r th

e questionnair e i nth e sam e detail , th

e answer s wer e sufficien t t o gai nanoveral l vie w o f th e plan t practices . Som e plant s see

m mor e awar e tha

nother s o f availabl e technique s an d improve

d equipment , bu t th e discrepanc

y di d no t appear to be wide .



### 6- 4P.6 6

7. 0 REFERENCE S

1 . Radia

nCorporation . Assessmen t o f Atmospheri c Emission s fro m Petroleu

m Refining . EPA-600/2-80-075 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , 1980 .
2 . Langley , G.J . an d R.G . Wetherhold . Evaluatio no f Maintenanc e fo r Fugitiv e VOC Emission s Control . EPA-600/52-81-080 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Ma y 1981 .
3 . Blacksmith , J.R. , e t al . Problem-Oriented Report : Frequenc y o f Lea k Occurenc e fo

r Fitting s i nSyntheti c Organi c Chemica l Plant Proces s Units . EPA-600/2-81-003 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , September 1980 .
4 . RadianCorporation , Austin , TX . Workbook fo r Estimatin

g Ethylen

e

. Oxide Fugitiv

e Emissions . March1988 .
5 . Conway , R.A. , et.al . "Environmenta l Fat e an d Effect s o f Ethylen e Oxide. " InEnviron . Sci . Technol . 17 . no.2 : 107-112 , 1983 .
6 . Fugitiv

e Emissio

nSource s o f Organi c Compounds--Additiona l Informatio

nonEmissions . Emissio nReduction , an

d Costs . EPA-450/3 - 32-010 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Offic e o f Ai r Quality Plannin g an d Standards , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Apri l 1982 .
7 . Markwordt , D.W . Source s o f Ethylen e Oxid e Emissions . EPA-450/3-85 - 014 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Offic e o f Ai r Quality Plannin g an d Standard s (OAQPS) , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Apri l 1985 .



### 7- 1P.6 7

8 . Protocol s for Generatin g Unit-Soecift c Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Equipmen t Leak s o f VOC an d HAP . EP

A 450/3-88-010 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio

n Agency , OAQPS , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Octobe r 1988 .
9 . Fugitiv

e Emissio

nSource s o f Organi c Compound s - Additiona l Informatio

no nEmissions . Emissio nReductions , an

d Costs . EPA 450/3-82-010 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Research Triangl e Park , NC , Apri l 1982 .
10 . Stalling , J.H.E . Emissio nFactor s fo

r Equipment Leak s o f VOC an d HAP . EPA-450/3-86-002 . U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Januar y 1986 .
11 . Dimmick , W . F . an d K.C . Hustvedt . "Equipment Leak s o f VOC : Emission s an d Thei r Control. " Paper No . 84-62. 1 presented at th e 77t hAnnua l Meetin g o f th e Ai r Pollutio

nContro l Association , Sa nFrancisco , CA . June 24-29 , 1984 .
12 . Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n(CMA) . Guidanc e fo r Estimatin

g Fugitiv e Emissions . Washington , DC . Jul y 1987 .
13 . Respons e Factor s o f VOC Analyzer s at a Mete r Readin g o f 10.00 0 ppm

v fo r Selecte

d Organi c Compounds . EPA-600/2-81-051 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , 1981 .



### 7- 2P.6 8

APPENDI X 1

EP A METHO

D 2 1P.6 9

(ovVoun u I UAppOeadUUtandPnnetpta L l AppUrmbUlty

. Thl a aacho d tpolla a t o th e datarainatta a o

f volatil e orgaal o compoun d (VO O laak

a fro m praa m equlpmant . Thae a aourea a Indude . bu t a n oa

t Uaita d to , Tatvaa. r«Ue f de >
La t Modsf e A r—***'• * liMtraaan t i s UM d t o datae

t VO C laak

a tnm ladMdua l

. Th a tastraman t detacto r typ a t a not bu t i t ana t maa

t th a martftr a Haa s ta d partocBane

a erttartm rrnitttna d t a S. A lea * aMtitity m la aac h applfcahl o nmlaaoa . Thi s dur a l a Intandad t o locat

e an d daaalf

y l a oal)r . aa d l a not t o b

a uaa d a a a dlne t i ura o f maa a —«—* —rata a m m Individua l tlWuWr n U Laa k

Oaftnttta i Coaeaaaicioa . Th e loca l VO C eonommio n a t th a surfae a o f a laa k amin e tha t ladkau a tha t a VO C amts > Ho n (laak

) t a praaast . Th a laa k

rtartnlOm. l a looaraf Compound , Th a VO C i

calibratio n i o f th a laa k

dafliHtk w I f alaahdafW l a 10.00 0 ppm * M B thatr* > sult t l a a looa l ooaeentntia a tha t rtaMa a aeta r raadtas a f 10.00 0 a a a a laatramaat calflmta d wtt h mathan a woul d b a daaatfla d wa laak . I B tha) aaamale . tholaa k daflal » tlo a l a IM0 O PBORT

. aa d th a n f a poun d l a aocbana. ) U Calibratio n Oaa . Th a VO C i uaa d t o adjua

t th a toatruma m aaca r nadta cP.7 0

Pt . M , App

* A, Mat* . 2 1 t o aknow nvalue . Th o calibratio nca ai s ua » avTha l all y th o nfarane a'•"••panain i u* la^'ft—*- tndtrtda l ttoaiutamlnnnl /

aqua l t ath o laa kdeflat* b

ala m tha aid . 1 4 N O Dataetahl o Twil l n

n Th o local aqua

l t o o rla m tha aM aocoada

. Tho £ l VOCeanoanttatia n u th o aorfao aof alaa kopoen e Oa aaia tb

adatamtaa d fortha£ (laak ) t ano tpreecnt. Sa m boctcoun d VO C taatt* * 00Bfli,,,1 * Jfl O * • * * a " * *"* • aa y a** , aa d t o aoeooa * a . Th o <min**km m s i n mm b aequa l ^.J!u!ETr$tu!M

. "f.T T ZZZZ * • " l m **• • l 0 P«nee t<• * *& • eaUbnai ; dnriniiity . aduiaraa m betwee nth awuiu o mmmwmiam. ~~

i an d th aloca l i l adatamtaad . A iat la m tha aa< ath o 'Tff—»*• ? tha aa VOC aaiaa a(laak) t

ano tpraaast . (Fa ras

> aaata . tf th e laa kdefinitio n aai l al^OOOppmf^tha

ath o allowabl e I oa tconoantntio n would b

a* » ppav ' a j Hmpona

i Factor . Th o rati o of

th o know n concentratio n o

f aVOC nomnminr

l > Th aattentio n prarialo B tar n oa ab a unr i urtaca atnttrwaan i c aminte d wtt

h arvtoe . and aaubooqocn t»-aont h tatana a th o nfaraac acompound ipoctflod ath o ap - o rath o aax tua awhtnhata rt alaur . plicatio n regulation , aTh araapona aOa ata al

araqulra d prio r X* Calibration Piei'lctou . Th adegre e o l a plaeta g th o tantramoa tlat anrrtoa . I

f a B_TBB9JBJQ ^ OWWW^ X ^BW^^^VBMBBaa l O S wfl B ^BDB^DQBHflm B w O tfl 0 fl^^^^BBm o|¥WMn*To_ rBWOBU M aaaknaw avalue , espnaaa d a th e relativ e o r flow configuratio n I s aad atha twoul

d th aoata rreadla aand th aknow n qulra d prio rt o funha ruae . i ath aknow

n concentration . J J Calibration Ooaaa . Th o monitoring in . XI Hapon aTime . Th o tta o Intarva l mmuau i l

acallhnta d atona aa

f port ap a (H aaMa p chang e aVOC concentratio n aminio n by volume (ppmv) b f th o nfannc a th e Inpu tof th e ampltn ctyaa m t o th e compound aedfla d t n th aapplleaM

o rego tiae ttwhich M percento

f th acorraepaao

V laticn . Th o ealibntio n taa m raquln d tat la cflaal valu e t

areached a displaye d a ama^m-^a j n ainatrumantperfonnance th o luaiumai u readoutoatar . evaluatio n a n ase n ca a(air . le atha n i o a . atppona appm v VO O and acalibratio n ca

at n airmix * 1. 1 Mimlt'tT 1 " * Inatrumant. *"* • oPBrndaatei y equal ath o lea kdeflat3.1. 1 Tnemnnenni

M Oa aipactfla d a th o regulation . I

f cylinder a. Th o VOC I " " ath e typ awhich ma

y oa ath n rv

> ealibntio n ca

aatixtun e a n uaad. the y mua t bo aaalyaad aa d eertlfle d by th o mannfao » tun ra bawtth as ai

,__
_laaaalaiala ^ gfj g fgf gga < UoUtO d tO , * (hOi f llf O BUB tb O tPOCtflad . CyUBdC T oualrtk i «»«a«a.»«a

» Hmm*m laatMjM . \m*rm. atandard aau ab aeithe rreanalyw d o rre

* T?7i!*mffttnTi

L ^nhmrrtnntailn n ^ ^ placed ath e en d o f th e ipedfle d ahd f

life . b . Th o msnnii i «*-» ! b o capabl e of Alternately , calibratio n cae aaa y b e pre * th o In kitflnKttH

i ~inmnT-M'n i pon d by th e ua aaccording a any aonpte d

____ _h i ti»a » remlatka . caaeou o standardapreparatio n procedur e cTh o acalo oltthelaatrumen tmete rshal l tha twt ayiel d amatur e aeeurmaawtth a bo ——• —a £ 9 M— to

f th o ->—•«•»•

« * * percen tPrepared standardamua tb e re > Htf c<WTntW w "-mnvn^rn ——*** placed eac h da y ofua e uala aI

tcan b e deo> d . Th o taatnaon tHal l b e equipped wtt h oMPygjaa tdegradatio n dom no toccur aoua aatha taeoatlnuou aaasl e t aore * ouragwaaw . vUtadt o th o detecto r^^~-<--I--T^ Callbntt m ma y b o por towned utin g a flow m e ahal l b o v

* t o 3 Ute n perminute . «•»*" • t __'* h

_ l *•_ • n ?* n -*'"•_ ' a . Th o inatruman

tiha ab e inti—ta-n - pouad I f aeonvenu n lecto rt

adetermined af e f a o££*S a Solve ^£ M t Z^Lt^^^ Q S^Ll^ ^ ajTftnr i by th o applkabl aTf f aftaaa V reeultinamete rreamn o ounasaun e rartrda"I , National ffltf^rl'ii riwt e by th o ny aca ab e converte d t o reference COB * National Fire Preventio n Aaaortattoa) , vomd raaui a 3. U Performance Criteria .P.7 1

InvaTewaenla M Prated** * A«eng y Pt . M , k+p. A , Moth . 3 1 4. 1 Prete a Preparations . Perfor m th o la * samplin g u th a sealin g sea t Interface . Fo r strumen t evaluatio n proeedun a live n a tha a dcvtc a equippe d wtt h a n endoao

d ex * Sectio n 4.4 I f th o evaluatio n requlnaen a o f tension , o r horn , plac e th e prob

e Inle t at apSeetto n J. U ha a no

t bee n met . proximatel y th e cente r o f th e exhaus

t are a 4- 1 Calibratio n Proeeduna . Aaaabl e an d a th e atmosphere . star t u p th o VO C analya r accordin g a th o e . Proee a ntaln a l*n r open drains , plac e manufacturer' s instructions . Afte r th o ao- th o prob e lat a a approximatel y th e cente r propria a warau p period an d tan Interna l o

f th o area open a th e atmosphere . Fo r calibratio n procedure , introduc e th e calibr e covere

d dralna . plac

e th e prob

e at th e sur

tio n ca a a a th e Instrumen t sample probe , (ac e o f th e cover interfac e an d conduc t a po » Adjus t th e Instrumen t mete r readou t to cor - rtpbon l travene . respond a th e calibratio n ca a value . LOpon-bdo d Un a o r Valves-Plac e th e Not —I f th o mete r readou t canno t b o ao V prob e inle t u approximatel y th o cente r o f Juste d a th o prope r value , a malfunctio n o f th e openin g a th e atmosphere , th e analyse r l a Indicated an d correctiv e ao > g . Sea l Syste m Daggerin g Vent s an d Accutlon o a n noceeaar

y befor e use. mutato r Vena—Ptaca th o prob e Inlet a >»

> 4 J Individua l Sourc

e Surveys . proximatel y th o cente r o f th e openin g a 4A 1 Typ o I-Laa k

Definitio n Base

d o n th e atmoephere . / - m T^miue i piec

e th o prob

e inle t a th e &

» Aece m Ooo r Saois—Piec

e th o prob

e surfac e o f th o Tiptiw * interface whe n thlat a th a surfac e o f th o doo r tea l Interleakage coul d occur. Mov e th e prob

e alon g fa n an d eondu a a periphera l tnvene . th e interface peripher

y whil e obeerrtn g th e U l Typ e n-"N o Detectabl e finlaticn". instrumen t readout . I f a n Increase d mete r Oeteraa o th o loca l ambien t concentrerendin g I s obeerred . slowly sampl e th e later * tio n aroun d th o aoun e b y movin g th o prob

e fa n wha n leakag e la Indicated unti l th o Inle t randaal y upwtn d an d downwin d u a •——•«« •mete r readin g t a obtained . Leav

e mtaiw o o

f on e a tw

o mete n (n a th o th o prob e inle t u thi a ~***—«» readin g lo - source . I f a n Interference exist s wtt h thi s catio n f a approximatel y tw o Ume s th a la - determinatio n duo a a nearb y stnterto n o r strumen t raponi a time . I f th a maximu m lak . th o loca l amaan t concentratio n ma y ubeervs d m a readin g I s crate r tha a th a o e determined a rtletanna etooe r a th e lea k definitio n a th e applicabl e regulation , aoune . bu t a no eaa s shal l th o rtlrawo b

e recor d aa d repor

t th o reautt

a a ipoctflod a l« " tha a 2 * centimetera . Tha n mov e th e th e regulatio n reportin g requirements . Bx - prob o lnk t a th o surfac

e o f th e aoun e an d o f th o apptmtto n o

f thi s genera l determin e th o ronoentntlc n Jaocrlbs J a ju s a apodfi e equipmen t typnu c O.I . Th o differen t betwee n the n cancanValvao—The mo a *—••»• » sourc e o f tration e datemia a wheth a the n ar e no fro m valv a I s u th e tea l betwee n th o detectabl e wilalnn a Beoor d an d repor

t th o an d »aa"-a.a | pim

th o prob

e u U a reeul U a aodfle d b y th e regulation . Interface wha n th o ste m exi a th o packin g Fo r thor n cae a whe n th e regulatio n re . glan d an d ampl e th o ste m circumference , qulr a a spedfl e devic e Installation , a tha t Alao . pia m th e prab

o tt th e tatcrfa a o

f th e specifie

d ven a b e ducted o r pipe

d t o a con packin g elan d take-u p Sana a sea t aa d tro * devtoa. th o extsten a o f ths a condition s stapl e th a periphery . I B "MffTi . surve y ahal l b

o visuall y confirmed Who a th e regu vatv e housag i o

f multipart aasaoai y u th o latic n als o requln s tha t n o detectabl e emlso f a U tatertae a whe n a laa k coul d survey

s a n required . Biampl a o f thi s tech * aa d Othe r Ciniiianilm a Tm nlqaoan c > flanges, plac

e th a prob

e a th e oute r (a ) Pum p a Coapraaa a Seals I f applieso f th o fiance nata l interfac e an d bla . determin e th o typ o o f shaf t seel . Pre . th o dreuatferen a o

f th o flange, fo m a surve y o f th o loca l area ambien t Saotpl e othe r typ a o

f aonpamanan t Joia a VO C ccncantratlo n an d determin e t f detect - (sas h a threaded annoctlona ) wtt h a i la r uasoieo . <b ) Sea l Syste m Degassin g Vents . Accumu e . Pump a an d Coaprssso n Condne t a dr> lat a Vessel Vena . Praesu n Relief ! cnafaranrla l traven e u th a oua r surfac e I f appUnhlo . nbarva whethe r a no t th e ap . o f th o pua p a eeaa-oes a thaf t an d sea l pllcabl e ductin g a pipin g exists , Also , deter * Interface . I f th e tour a is a rotatin g shaft , mm e i f any sourc a exl a i n th a ductin g o r poattioa th e prob

e talot wtth a I c a o

f th e pipin g whe n emtalnn s coul d occu r prio r a theft aa l Interfac e f a th e surrey . I f th o th o contro l device . I f th o require d ductin g housin g configuratio n preven a a canpla a a pipin g cxis a an d the n a n no sourc a traven e o

f th o shaf

t periphery , ampl e at

t wha n th e vmlsslmis coul d b o vented t o th e •ceaaatble porUona , Saapl o a U othe r Joia a ataoapha n prio r a th o contro l device , the n o n th o pua p a naiuuoos m housin g whe n I t t s m ooumai l tha t n o doteeubl o emtaalon s leakag e coul d ooeur

. a n prannt , I f the n a n sourc a a th e ductd . Praesu n Relief Devices-T* e configure , la g a pipin g whe n emttsiwi s coul d b o tion o f oa a pressu n relief devtc a preven a vente d a sourc a whe n leak s coul d occur.P.7 2

Ft . M , Amp. A , Math. Tk 4 0 O l O k I (7-1-4 7 Ummi) th o aaapUa

g surrey s Jssulbs d l athi s para

- 4.4 J CaUbratio

aPrecision. Mak

e atota l grap h ahal l bo uaa d adetermin

e i f detects - o

f thre e measurement

s b y alternatel

y uah * bi s emission

s exist . a n ga s an d th o iptrtflf

i calibratio

n CM L 4J J Alternattn Screenin g Procedure. A Recor

d th o meterreartlnc

i Calculate-the Timin g pnoodu n baae

d o n th o formatio

n aveng e algebrai

c dlftena abetwee

n th e o f bubbi atn e ma

p solution thatl

aspraye d oute rreadta aan

d th o know

n value. Divid

e o n apotentia

l lea ksoun e ma

y b o uaa d f athi s aveng e dltferenes b y th e know

n call, thor n sourc athatd

o no thav e continuousl

y bmtion valu

e an d autipl y b

y 10 0 atxpnm movin g para , thatd

o notna n surfac

e tea * tho resulting ealibntio n precisio n aaper ! iieianii agreaa rthan tKt> >»a«<iH»< » poa tacmtaso . ^ ^ le atha ath o fraailn

g poin to f thasoa p solo - 4.4

J Reaponn Tha* . Introdu aa n — UOS L thatdo no thav

e ope n ane aath aat . a w th e Instrumen tfT* * probe

. Whe n ntuaphe n thattho soa

p sotuticaanao tth e oat areadin g ha aitahlllar

tswtte h bridge, atha td

o no texhibi tevidenc

e o f quickl y ath o iptriflr 1 •—uptur n n T IS** * laakaa

m Sourc athatha athe n cop . Measur e tho time fro

m switchin

g awhin dltieae preeen

tmus tb o surveye d usin g th o g o rr'T^n to f th o **«* i stabl e readin

g t s at. Instrumen ttorhnhni ao

f 4A 1 aLXX

talnad . Perfor

m thiate amritnr tthns * Spn y asoa

p solutio aove

rat tpotentia l timm ,-Q - recor

d th o laault

aCaleulateth . laa k soures tTho soa

p solutio aaa y b

o a7ZZJZZ-ZZZZ JZL^^ v*«w» atoo iaai ai»i.iia » anii&hie lea

kilecmioi i toln

> -"**^ " - «—•—

» MHasn^Miaaao y •*^o^* a a^^^ n i^v^^w^^^wa i ^^m^r

_a_jay^^^^^^ ^ Uc n ama y be prepare

d using concentrate

d ».*w«aon»« y detergen tan d waar . A praesun sprayw a1 1 DuBoee. D-A » an d O X Han-is. Re

* asquee n bottl e ma

y b o ussd w dispense th e spona tFacto n o

f VO C Aaalya n e taMete

r solution . Obeerr

e tho potentia

l lea ksit aanarttn g o

f 1(UM » ppm v f aSelected Organ

determin e I f an y bobbi n a n formed

. I f a o le Compoiinrta

. U A tevtmnaaatal Prateebubbl aa n observed, th e soun e l aon * tion Agency, naan h Triangle Park , N C suae d to tarn h o detectable imlalon s aPubUcatio e No . O A 900/3-41-03L Septemleak aaappllraM

o I f aa y bubbl aa n ob

> b w lSU . served, th o Instrumen

ttachalqo ao

f 4J. 1 aS J Brown

. OX . aa

L nastiian s Facton 4J J shat tbe ussd adsteimln e tf alaa k o f VO C Aaalya n CaUhnto

d wtt h Methan e exists , atf

th o aoun e ha

adetectaht

e cats - f aSelected OrgaaaCompound* . VA Bnvisiona . aapplicable. ranaantal Protection Agency. Reeeare h Tri. 4. 4 Instrumen

tevaluatio n Procedures . Af tangle Fait . N C Publication No . SP A 800/3 - th e beginnin

g o f th o luauuiaeutperform, si-033 . Ma y 1901 . an aevaluatio

n test , ssaambt

o aa d startu p 3 4 DuBooa

. D.A . aa

L naajisis s o

f Portth alaarumoataccordin

g aUamenufao - to * VO C Analyia n aChemica

l Mlxtura . Instruction

s forrecommende

d TJJ , Birlrunmenta

l Protection Agency

. Reperio d aad preliminar

y adjum - MBR H Triangle Park

. N C Publicatio

n No . AM , m _„ , .
__ _WA«00/a-«l-UO.Septembe r1M L 4.4 aRapcn n Factor. Callbn ath e a wtt h th o n f a I n th o appii a int o atd athati s ab e 1 durin g Individua

l aoan o surreys , obtal aa prepar e akaow astandar d aairataao > th a*nrll ~ V alea

k deflaitio aunle alimited b y volatilit y aexploetvtty. I atha n caaaa . pnpo n aitsndard a90 pawan i o f th e th e tow explai n limit, rsopectivwiy . In trodu athi s mlxtu n ath o aaalya raa d rooor d th o obeerve

d oat areeding . Intro , dn aasm airuntil astable readin g l aob tained . Mak

e atotal o f thre e 1 b y alternating betwee

n th o an d se n air. Calculat

e th o ; f aeeo h repetition aad th a spoeo o factor. Alternatively . I

f reepon afacto n ha n bee n publlaho

d f ath e crwnprwnrt

e o f later* es tf ath o Instrumen

tadeteea rtypo , th e roopoa n factordeterminatio

n I s no tre quired, aa d existing reoult

s aa y b o referenced . Kxamol ao

f publlaho d rtepona afacto n f aflam

e Irnitratlo

n aa d catalytic oxi dation detecto n a n include d i n Section 3 .P.7 3

APPENDI X2

ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSIO N

MONITORINGPROTOCO LP.7 4

/ • rsly



### FTHYT y M g 

### CQdD E FUGITIV E SESSIO N

JCNITORING PROTOCO L

1. 0 Th e stud

y wil l conside r al l Ethylen e Oxid e Productio nfacilitie s i n th e Unite dState s (1 0 total) . Al l facilitie s ar e member s o f CMA' s Ethylen e Oxid e Industria l Council . Ethoxalator s and sterilizatio n facilitie s coul db e addresse di n a follow-upstudy . 2. 0 Ccnponent s i n stream s containin g greate r tha n1 % ethylen e oxid e b y weigh t tha t ar e accessibl e by platform , 1 arirte

r o r manlif t devic e up t o 4 0 fee t abov e grade / wil l b e screene daccordin g t o th e following : 2. 1 Valve s —

All . 2. 2 Connector s —

(include s flange s an d scree dfittings ) Us e th e followin g equatio nt o determin e tha.quantit y (n ) t o b e screened : 

# n-au-.os' 50 

# TM , , a 

# **/u


### wher e N • th e matte r o f proces s connectors. 

### N 10 0 50 0 100 0 200 0 300 0 

### 2 %



## n 7 7 12 9 13 9 14 4 14 6 

## 27 0 sn /or- f 21/2 - *>* 

### Selectio no f th e connector s t o b e teste dshoul db e random . D o no t includ e insulate done s du e t o safet y considerations . I f yo u hav e a snai l numbe r o r connector s i t woul db e wis e t o scree n al l o f then . 2. 3 Pura s —

All . 2. 4 Safet y

Valve s —

All , no t discharge dt o a heade r system . 2. 5 Ooe nEnde dLir.es — Al l termina l valve s and ope nende dline s wil l b e teste dexcep t thos e plugge do r blindflanged . 2. 6 Cataressor s —

All . 2. 7 Sampl e Point s — Al l sampl e point s wil l b e teste dexcep t thos e wit ha close dloo psystem , plugge do r vente dt o a contro l device .P.7 5



### 3. 0 BC3Z

C ante s ar e encourage d t o oollec t ba g samples , thoug hi t i s no t require d a s par t o f thi s ouupm.ati.vb j ayieeusai L wit hth e EPA . Lea k rat a dat a fo r flange s wit hncndatectabl s screenin g value s ( < 8 ppm ) woul d b e particularl y useful . Di e EE A

'defaul t value ' fo r thi s categor y

i s unacceptabl y

high . 4. 0 I f a membe r oanpan y wishe s t o oollec t ba g sasples , specifi c guidline s ca nb e found i nth a QSk Fugitiv e Emission s Guidanc e Manual . Suc hdat a i s neede d b y CM A fo r ne w

correlatio ndevelopmen t an d emissio nfacto r assessment . Shoul d baggin g dat a b e collected , • CM A rsoonnend s tha t 2- 8 bag s (wit hth e mos t LUcal y bein g 6 ) b e collecte d fo r eac ho f th e source/servic e type s n**-* ^ below .
• Flange s • Ligh t T.^- H Pump s • Ligh t L l qn l r

i Vfclve s e Ga s Valve s
• Ope nBide d Line s • Safet y Valve s 4. 1 I f th e pihlHier t correlatio ncurve s an t found t o neithe r b e adequat e o r conservativ e vi a a ninitia l baggin g (vi a th e testin g protoco l outline d i nth e Q A guidanc e document) , the nmor e baggin g ma y b e require d i f a specifi c >rir.alatla n fa r th e sourc e categor y i s desire d (se e CM

A Guidanc e fYminau t fa r specifics ) • Dependin g upc ninitia l tes t results , th a numbe r o f source/servic e types t o b e
4. 2 Gnecally , CM

A in nninetie

s tha t tw o bag s withi neac hsource/servic e type mentione d i n4. 1 abov e b e oollect d withi neac ho f th e followin g screenin g ranges : tha nth e instrument' s lcwe r limi t o f detection , UD(ie,zeros )

• Th e highes t screenin g value s o r one s dos s t o th e highes t (bu t no t ac t th s instrument' s saturatio npoint )

• Serenin g value s nea r (tut no t below ) th s instrument s U D

• Screenin g value s abov e th s insrummt' s saturatio npoint . 5. 0 Instrument s —

A nOrgani c Vapo r Analyzer , OVA , wil l b e used , (Fcxbcro Mira nI A

wil l b e evaluate d fo r it s application s an d limits) . Adjustment s mus t b e mad e fo r appropriat e respons e factors . 6. 0 Th s vaccr a metho d o f bagging wil l b e used . 7. 0 Th e O A

guidanc e dccumen t wil l b e followed a s clos e a s possible . Absolutel y

n o specia l maintenanc e shoul d b e don e prio r t o testing . Testin g shoul d no t b e don e i nfou l weather . Th e testing shoul d b e don e withou t interruption . Som e o f th o testing shoul d b e witnesse d b v EP A i f a t al l possible . Auxiliary dat a shoul d als o b e collecte d o n eac hcccscnen t tested . Al l screening value s mus t b e adjuste d fo r respons e factors . 8. 0 Th e qualit y

assuranc e measure s listed i nthe C-t A guidanc e documen t mus t b e followed- . The QA/Q C wil l b e submitte d t o S A prio r t o testing . Prope r docunentatio ni s essential .P.7 6



### 9. 0 I t i s reccnmende dtha t industria l hygien e dat a b e collecte ddurin g th e perio do f time th e fugitiv e emission s testin g i s bein g don e Thi s vcul dfurthe r suppor t th e finding s o f th e fugitiv e emissions ' testing . 10. 0 Thi s projec t wil l b e know na s th e cooperativ e OC V - EOI C / EP A Ethylen e Oxid e Fugitiv e Bnission s Study . Th e result s o f th e stud v wil l b e accepte db

y al l parties .P.7 7

APPENDI X3 INDIVIDUA

L PLAN T SUMMAR

YDAT A TABLE STABL E A3- 1 SUMMAR YOF ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 1 EMISSION FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (tlq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFET YVALVE SAMPL E POIN T PUM P OPEN ENDE D LINE FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 93 3 57 3 5 1 5 2 6 H I 104 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN

-

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUD Y VALU E <W» > 1 3 10 5 4 4 55 9 36 3 28 3

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
98. 6 75. 8 82. 9 100. 0 99. 5 74. 2 89. 9

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 ....... . .. .

LEAK / NO LEA K .00371 6 .00134 1 .08161 4 .00330 0 .06229 3 .00310 2 .00170 5 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N .00071 9 .00079 0 .02079 7 .00029 0 .04922 2 .00151 0 .00181 4 CORRELATIO

N CURVE (EPA )
.00112 8 .00046 8 .00007 3 .00008 8 .03964 0 .00248 0 .00217 6 CORRELATION

CURVE (LLD - 0 )
.0001* 9 .00041 6 .00001 2 0.00000 0 .03961 2 .00243 6 .00200 5 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00020 0 .00041 7 .00007 3 .00008 8 .03964 0 .00248 0 .00200 5

^ 1 o oTABL E A3- 2 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATIONS

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 76 9 50 8 4 1 2 8 8 7 8 9 10-9 9 pp

m 15 3 4 0 1 3 7 2 1 1 2 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 7 1 4 0 0 9 2 5 0 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E SAMPLE POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANG E 4 8 0 0 1 6 1 0

3 0 0 1 2 2 93 3

57 3 5 1 5 2 6 14 1 10 4 TOTA L 147 7 23 7 5 5 2 0 179 7

VEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (llq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFETY VALV

E SAMPLE POIN

T PUM P OPE NENDE D LINE

FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 82.4 2 88.6 6 80.0 0 80.0 0 30.7 7 61.7 0 85.5 8 10-9 9 pp m 16.4 0 6.9 8 20.0 0 20.0 0 26.9 2 14.8 9 11.5 4 100

- -99 9 pp m .7 5 2.4 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 34.6 2 17.7 3 0.0 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m .4 3 1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.8 5 4.2 6 .9 6 >999 9 pp

m 0.0 0 .5 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.8 5 1.4 2 1.9 2 82.1 9 13.1 9 3.0 6 1.1 1 .4 5

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

Y SUMMER . 198 8

c oP.8 0

.AN T1 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N AN D DRIF TDAT A

DAT E i/10/8 8 711/8 8 712/8 8 •713/8 8 714/8 8 /17/8 9 /18/8 8 /19/8 8 LO

W LEVE L R F 2.0 5 •2.3 ? BE

D LEVE L R F 2.0 9 2.0 0 2.3 3 2.5 2 2.8 5 t.ai 2.J Q nca i.JC HIG H LEVE L R F 2.6 1 2.9 6 APPLIE D

R F 2.1 0 2.1 0 2.3 0 2.5 0 2.5 0 2.5 0 2.5 0 2.5 0 CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T 0.999 8 0.999 3 DRIFT

TES T ( I DRIFT ) 

## m 12.3 0 1.3 0 0.8 0 14.0 0 6.8 0 0.2 7 3.0 7TABL E A3- 4 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 2 EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALVE (gas ) . PUM P OPEN ENDE D LINE FLANGE COMPRESSOR NUMBER

O f COMPONENT S

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E 110 7 40 8 2 5 38 1 17 7 1

EMISSION S MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN

STUD Y VALU E <PP" ) 5 3 1 7 8 634 5 30 0

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
98. 0 73. 6 99. 2 91. 0

. 90. 0 100. 0

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I
.01S60 0 .01230 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 1 LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00369 5 .00078 0 .02618 9 .00322 0 .00011 7 .19690 0 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N .00066 1 .00023 7 .00988 0 .00065 9 .00004 0 .02490 0 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA )
.00110 9 .00007 7 .00194 8 .00060 1 .00020 8 .00355 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
.00037 8 .00003 0 .00192 7 .00054 2 .00005 3 .00355 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00037 8 .00003 1 .00194 8 .00060 1 .00005 4 .00355 4

-oTABL E A3- 5 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA V OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 2 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L EO CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I N

SCREE N VALUE RANG

E COMPONEN

T TYP E pp

m 107 5 33 1 1 2 33 6 16 4 0 10-9 9 pp

m 2 6 6 2 7 2 8 1 1 0 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 5 1 2 6 1 2 2 1 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN E FLANG E COMPRESSO R 1 3 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 4 0 0 110 7

40 8 2 5 38 1 17 7 1 TOTAL 191 8 13 4 3 8 209 9

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALVE (llq ) VALVE (gas ) PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E COMPRESSO R 0- 9 pp m 97.1 1 81.1 3 48.0 0 88.1 9 92.6 6 0.0 0 10

- -9 9 ppm

2.3 5 15.2 0 28.0 0 7.3 5 6.2 1 0.0 0 100-99 9 ppm

.4 5 2.9 4 24.0 0 3.1 5 .1.1 3 100.0 0 1000

- -999 9 pp m .0 9 .7 4 0.0 0 .2 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 >999 9 ppm

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 91.3 8 6.3 8 1.8 1 .2 4 .1 9

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER , 198 8

o oP.8 3

, -ANT 2 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N ANDDRIF T OATA

4STRUHENT

DAT E i/10/8 8 •711/8 8 713/8 8 NC . 1



### LO « LEVE L 

### R F 4.7 6 

### RE D LEVE L 

### R F 5.1 0 5.6 5 5.7 2 HIG H LEVE L 

### R F APPLIE D 

### R F 5.0 0 5.6 0 5.7 0 CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T DRIF T

•TES T (.1 DRIFT ! 3.2 0 1.0 0 Ct T e

STRUMEN T NO . 2



### LO H LEVE L DAT E R F /li/8 8 '12/8 8 /13/8 8 

## r o

LEVE L 

### R F 1.8 6 1.3 6 2.0 9 • HIG H LEVE L 

### R F APPLIE D 

### R F 1.7 0 2.1 3 2.1 0 CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T .DRIFT

TES T ( I DRIFT ! 9.4 0 12.7 0 

### N HTABL E A3- 7 SUMMARYO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FORPLAN T 3 EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEAN EMISSIO N

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S IN Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E SAMPL E POIN T PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN E FLANG E NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 23 3 132 4 8 8 3 7 11 5

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S MEA N RA W OV A SCREE N

STUD Y VALU E <PP" > 1 2 106 2 2 3 9 33 2 1

SUMMER , MEAN

- E O AMOUN T (X )
100. 0 18. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 82. 9 71. 8

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 ' LEAK /

N O LEAK
.00377 0 .00026 2 .09850 0 .00330 0 .02640 0 .00273 5 .00009 3 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N .00070 5 .00013 0 .02510 0 .00029 0 .00436 0 .00024 0 .00004 8 CORRELATIO N

CURV E (EPA )

.. , .00117 1 .00008 9 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00051 4 .00013 4 .00018 2

- CORRELATIO N

CURV E (LL D - 0 )
.00020 2 .00007 7 0.00000 0 0.00000 0 .00045 9 .00006 8 .00003 4 CORRELATIO N

CURV E (EOIC )
.00020 2 .00007 7 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00051 4 .00013 4 .00003 4

O DTABLE A3- 8 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA V OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 3 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L EO CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 

### 0- 9 pp

m 22 5 12 5 4 6 5 3 3 11 3 10-9 9 

### pp

m 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 100-99 9 pp

m 5 4 0 0 3 1 1 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 23 3

13 2 4 8 8 3 7 11 5 TOTA L 

### 51 3 1 4 

### 53 7

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONENT TYP E VALVE (liq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFETY VALVE SAMPL E POINT

PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 96.5 7 94.7 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 62.5 0 89.1 9 98.2 6 10-9 9 ppm

.8 6 .7 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 5.4 1 0.0 0 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 2.1 5 3.0 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 37.5 0 2.7 0 .8 7 1000

- -999 9 pp

m .4 3 .7 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.7 0 .8 7 >999 9 ppm

0.0 0 .7 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 95.5 3 

### .9 3 2.6 1 

### .7 4 .1 9

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S .STUD

Y SUMMER . 198 8

lc oP.8 6

PLAN T 3 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N AN DDRIF T DATA

DAT E 5/2/8 8 5/3/8 8 5/4/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 0.7 3 

### ME D LEVE L 

### R F 1.9 6 1.7 9 1.5 6 HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 2.0 0 APPLIE D 

### R F

• 1.5 6 1.5 6 1.5 6 CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T 0.999 8 DRIF T

TES T I XDRIFT ! 10.0 0 15.0 0 0.0 0TABL E A3-1 0 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLENE OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 4 EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE ) MEA N RA W MEA

N : NUMBEROV

A SCREE N E O CORRELATIO N CORRELATION

CORRELATION COMPONEN T O F VALUE AMOUNT AVERAG E LEAK / STRATIFIE D CURV E CURV

E CURV

E TYP E COMPONENT S (ppm ) (X ) SOCM I N O LEA KEMISSIO

N (EPA ) (LL D - 0 ) (EOIC )
VALV E (liq ) 38 0 3 1 100. 0 .01560 0 .00425 4 .00111 0 .00152 0 .00052 9 .00053 0 VALVE (gas ) 15 4 5 89. 4 .01230 0 .00094 8 .00027 7 .00006 5 .00000 1 .00000 1 FLANG E 14 4 4 96. 6 .00183 0 .00012 6 .00004 3 .00020 2 0.00000 0 .00000 0

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDYSUMNER , 198 8

o oTABL E A3-1 1 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA V OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 4 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATIONS

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) 37 5 3 1 0 1 38 0 VALV E (gas ) 15 3 0. 1 0 0 15 4 FLANG E 14 4 0 0 0 0 14 4 TOTA L 67 2 3 2 0 1 67 8

PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I N SCREE NVALU

E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m VALV E (liq ) 98.6 8 .7 9 .2 6 0.0 0 .2 6 VALV E (gas ) 99.3 5 0.0 0 .6 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 FLANG E 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0,0 0 WEIGHTE D AVERAG

E 99.1 2 .4 4 .2 9 0.0 0 .1 5

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER , 198 8P.8 9

1AN T 4 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N ANDDRIF T DATA

BAT E 3/10/8 8 Vtl/8 8 712/8 8 )/13/8 8 

### LO

W LEVE L 

### R F 1.0 0 1.1 1 1.1 7 1.1 1 

### BE D LEVE L 

### R F 2.5 0 2.2 2 ? *? ? HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 2.5 0 ? 7 ? L*LL 1 ? ? APPLIE D 

### R F 2.0 0 1.3 5 1.8 7 1.3 5 CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T 0.998 0 0.999 9 0.999 9 0.999 9 DRIF T

TES T ( I DRIFT S 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0TABL E A3-1 3 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLAN T 5 EMISSION FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (llq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFET YVALV

E SAMPL E POIN T PUM P OPE N ENDE D LINE FLANGE NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 70 9 38 8 4 3 3 1 7 2 158

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S MEA

N RA W OV A SCREE N

STUD Y VALU E <«* > 1 4 8 6 1 4 2 2 4 4 150

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
98. 4 79. 6 98. 1 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 82. 6

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00370 9 .00114 4 .09662 6 .00330 0 .02640 0 .00330 0 .00020 2 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N
.00078 2 .00058 2 .03832 9 .00029 0 .00436 0 .00029 0 .00039 7 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA )
.00121 9 .00020 1 .00028 8 .00008 8 .00047 7 .00008 8 .00084 6 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
.00038 3 .00015 2 .00021 3 .00000 4 .00040 3 .00001 8 .00069 7 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00038 3 .00015 3 .00028 8 .00008 8 .00047 7 .00008 8 .00069 7

C OTABL E A3-1 4 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 5 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L EO CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 

### 0- 9 pp

m 68 3 34 3 4 1 3 1 5 2 14 7 10-9 9 pp

m 1 0 2 8 1 0 0 0 5 100-99 9 pp

m 1 4 8 1 0 2 0 3 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E SAMPLE POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANG E 2 8 0 0 0 0 2 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 70 9

38 8 4 3 3 1 7 2 15 8 TOTA L 123 4 

### 4 4 

### 2 8 1 2 132 0

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPLE POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 96.3 3 88.4 0 95.3 5 100.0 0 88.2 4 100.0 0 93.0 4 10-9 9 pp m 1.4 1 7.2 2 2.3 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.1 6 10 0 •99 9 pp

m 1.9 7 2.0 6 2.3 3 0.0 0 11.7 6 0.0 0 1.9 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m .2 8 2.0 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.2 7 >999 9 pp

m 0.0 0 .2 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 .6 3 93.4 8 3.3 3 2.1 2 

### .9 1 .1 5

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER . 198 8

C Oc n c n c n c n »> - c n -*»

» <.~4

ta r o r o c- 4

r o t-a t-a t-a

r o r o r o r o

r o r o t-a

r o

o o

- o - o -a -4 3 -4 3 -4 3 - O -4 3

-4 3 -a

CO C- 4 - o 3 J m

ca

TO mm

;* j mc n

C 3 C 3 m^ >TABL E A3-1 6 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLENE OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO R PLAN T 6 EMISSIO N FACTORESTIMATE S FO

R AL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N (b/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALVE SEALE D FLANGE

PUM P FLANG E COMPRESSOR NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 75 6 40 6 25 9 9 4 40 8 4 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREE N VALU E <«» ) 3 1 975 1 48 2 251 4 34 2 4 MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
95. 4 46. 0 73. 3 99. 1 100. 0 60. 0 78. 9 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 ........... .

LEAK / NO LEA K
.00408 2 .00155 0 .07219 1 .00429 9 .26055 0 .00062 9 .15538 5 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N
.00116 5 .00123 8 .01839 6 .00441 3 .24402 0 .00)68 3 .01965 0 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA )
.00156 1 .00115 5 .00006 5 .00557 5 .24116 9 .00085 0 .00007 0 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
.00064 5 .00112 6 0.00000 0 .00540 2 .24114 6 .00073 6 .00000 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00064 5 .00112 7 .00006 5 .00540 2 .24116 9 .00073 6 .00007 0

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8

c oTABL E A3-1 7 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA V OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 6 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONENT TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 73 8 30 1 2 5 8 6 2 35 0 3 10 - 9 9 pp

m 7 4 9 0 7 1 2 2 1 100-99 9 pp

m 8 1 4 0 0 0 1 7 0 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SEALE D FLANGE PUM P FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 1 1 4 0 2 0 7 0 2

2 8 0 4 1 1 2 0 75 6

40 6 2 5 9 9 4 40 8 4 TOTA L 150 5 8 7 3 9 2 4 4 7 170 2

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONENT TYP E VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E SEALE D FLANGE

PUM P FLANG E COMPRESSO R 0- 9 pp m 97.6 2 74.1 4 100.0 0 86.8 7 50.0 0 85.7 8 75.0 0 10-9 9 pp m .9 3 12.0 7 0.0 0 7.0 7 25.0 0 5.3 9 25.0 0 10 0 -99 9 pp m 1.0 6 3.4 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 4.1 7 0.0 0 1000 - -999 9 pp

m .1 3 3.4 5 0.0 0 2.0 2 0.0 0 1.7 2 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m .2 6 6.9 0 0.0 0 4.0 4 25.0 0 2.9 4 0.0 0 88.4 3 5.1 1 2.2 9 1.4 1 2.7 6

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER , 198 8

C Oc n c n c n •~-v - *- - — - c n c n c n c n c n c n

^Ln^ui^-fx^^-f *

o - o o O .* » <=>

- o o

- o o

- a o o o

<=> - o c > o o <=

> - o o o o o - o o > o o o - o o

• o o o o o o > o - r o o » m a

r n 3 3 m

z^a rn cn

IT 3 IT 3 C 3 C 3 m y a -r i TOTABL E A3-1 9 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 7 EMISSION FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV

E SAMPL E POIN T SEALE D FLANG E

PUMP OPEN ENDE D LINE FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 87 8 43 3 6 4 5 1 9 6 2 15 1

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S MEA

N RA W OV A SCREE N

STUDY VALU E <«» ) 4 1 5 8 4 4 1 1 6 3 1 2 4

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
99. 9 90. 9 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 98. 5 97. 0

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 LEAK /

NO LEA K .00439 6 .00099 4 .09850 0 .00330 0 .00013 0 .02640 0 .00325 1 .00012 6 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N .00130 3 .00033 0 .02510 0 .00029 0 .00004 4 .00436 0 .00059 2 .00018 7 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA )
.00151 1 .00012 5 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00020 9 .00010 9 .00040 5 .00033 8 CORRELATION

CURV E (LLO - 0 )
.00059 3 .00006 6 0.00000 0 0.00000 0 .00005 7 .00002 7 .00032 3 .00014 6 CORRELATION

CURV E (EOIC )
.00059 3 .00006 6 .00008 8 .00008 8 .00005 7 .00010 9 .00040 5 .00014 6

T l C OTABL E A3-2 0 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 7 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 

### pp

m 76 3 32 6 6 4 1 1 7 5 6 11 9 10-9 9 pp

m 10 8 9 5 0 0 4 2 4 2 9 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E SAMPLE POIN

T SEALE D FLANG

E PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 2

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 8

43 3 6 4 5 1 9 6 2 15 1 TOTAL 129 2 24 2 1 2 155 8

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E OF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALVE (llq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFET Y VALV E SAMPL E POIN

T SEALE D FLANG E

PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 0- 9 pp m

86.9 0 75.2 9 100.0 0 100.0 0 20.0 0 89.4 7 90.3 2 78.8 1 10-9 9 ppm

12.3 0 21.9 4 0.00 * 0.0 0 80.0 0 10.5 3 6.4 5 19.2 1 100-99 9 pp m

.2 3 1.6 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.6 1 1.3 2 1000-999 9 ppm

.3 4 .9 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.6 1 .6 6 >999 9 pp m

.2 3 .2 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 82.9 3 15.5 3 7 7 5 8 1 9

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

Y SUMMER . 198 3P.9 8

PLAN T 7 DAIL YCALIBRATION AN DDRIF T OATA

INSTRUMEN T

DAT E 5/24/6 8 5/24/8 8 NO . 1



### LO W LEVE L 

### R F 0.9 5 

### t o LEVE L 

### R F 2.0 6 HIS H LEVE L 

### R F 2.1 0 1.9 ? DRIF T LEVE L APPLIE DCORRELATIO N TES T RF COEFFICIEN T ( I DRIFT ! 2.0 8 0.999 ? 0.0 0 4.3 0

INSTRUMEN T NO . 2

DAT E 5/10/8 8 5/11/8 8 5/12/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 .1E

0 LEVE L 

### R F 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 2 HIS H LEVE L 

### R F 1.0 8 i.l l 1.1 1 APPLIE D 

### R F 1.1 0 l.l l l.l l CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T 0.999 9 1.000 0 0.999 9 DRIF T

TES T i l DRIFT ! 0.3 7 

### o.t o 0.1 0TABL E A3-2 2 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLAN T 8 EMISSION FACTORESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALVE (gas ) PUM P FLANG E NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 69 4 7 2 1 5 32 8

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S MEA N RA W OV A SCREEN

STUD Y VALU E <PP » 129 0 2 0

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUNT (X )
98. 7 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 ' .10890 0 .00183 0 1 LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00504 6 .00106 0 .02640 0 .00013 0 STRATIFIE D

EMISSION
.00207 6 .00031 0 .00436 0 .00004 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA )
.00224 3 .00007 2 .00012 5 .00020 9 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D • 0 )
.00128 8 0.00000 0 .00004 2 0.00000 0 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00128 9 .00000 0 .00012 5 .00000 0TABL E A3-2 3 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S BYRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 8 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L EO CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE R OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) 67 0 9 6 5 4 69 4 VALV E (gas ) 7 2 0 0 0 0 7 2 PUM P 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 5 FLANG E 32 8 0 0 0 0 32 8 TOTA L 108 4 1 0 6 5 4 110 9

PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T -- - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m VALV E (llq ) 96.5 4 1.3 0 .8 6 .7 2 .5 8 VALV E (gas ) 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 PUM P 93.3 3 6.6 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 FLANG E 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 WEIGHTE D AVERAG E 97.7 5 .9 0 .5 4 .4 5 .3 6

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER , 198 8P. 2

PLAN T B DAIL YCALIBRATIO N ANDDRIF T DATA



### LO W LEVE L 

### R F BE D LEVE L 

### R F HIG H LEVE L 

### R F APPLIE D 

### R F CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T DRIF T

TES T (l DRIFT ! DAT E
AL L 2.4 6 . NH N R

a ! No calibratio nor drif t dat a wa s subaitte dwit hth e screenin g dat a A naverag e R F o f 2.4 6 whic hwa s calculate dfra a al l dat a subaitte d u pt o th e tia e tha t thi s dat a wa s handle dwa s applied .TABL E A3-2 5 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLAN T 9 EMISSIO N FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL

L VALUE S I

N tb/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONENT TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUMP OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 88 3 10 7 1 19 3 127 6

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION S MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN

.

STUD Y VALU E <«* > 3 0 11 6 1 5 4 4 66 9 33

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
99. 0 80. 7 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 97. 1

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 1 LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00415 1 .00177 5 .09850 0 .02640 0 .00330 0 .00019 8 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N .00103 5 .00117 6 .02510 0 .00436 0 .00662 7 .00016 2 CORRELATION

CURV E (EPA )
.00148 5 .00100 0 .00013 4 .00039 7 .00484 4 .00038 9 CORRELATION

CURV E (LL D - 0 )
.00090 7 .00095 9 .00013 4 .00036 2 .00478 5 .00024 9 CORRELATION

CURV E (EOIC )
.00090 8 .00095 9 .00013 4 .00039 7 .00484 4 .00024 9

T J C OTABL E A3-2 6 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 9 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 74 6 9 1 0 1 0 2 107 1 10-9 9 pp

m 13 3 1 1 1 8 0 18 8 100-99 9 pp

m 2 3 0 1 0 1 1 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANGE 0 1 0 0 1 4 2

1 0 0 0 2 88 3

10 7 1 1 9 3 127 6 TOTA L 192 0 34 1 1 7 228 9

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALVE (llq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFETY VALVE

PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 84.4 8 85.0 5 0.0 0 52.6 3 66.6 7 83.9 3 1 0 -9 9 pp m 15.0 6 10.2 8 100.0 0 42.1 1 0.0 0 14.7 3 10 0 -99 9 pp m .2 3 2.8 0 0.0 0 5.2 6 0.0 0 .8 6 1000

- -999 9 pp

m 0.0 0 .9 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 33.3 3 .3 1 >999 9 pp

m .2 3 .9 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 .1 6 83.8 8 14.9 0 .7 4 .2 6 .2 2

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER . 198 8P. 5

PLAN T9 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N AN D DRIF TDAT A

INSTRUMEN T

DAT E 5/2/8 8 5/3/8 8 5/4/8 8 5/5/8 8 5/6/8 8 NO . I

LG W LEVE L R F 1.0 2 1.0 9 0.9 9 1.0 7 ME

D LEVE L R F 1.1 8 1.0 0 HIG H LEVE L R F 1.1 4 APPLIE D

R F CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T 0.999 9 DRIF

T TES T (7 . DRIFT ) N N 9.5 0 1.6 0 10.8 7 3.3 0

INSTRUMEN TNO . 2

DAT E 3/3/8 8 5/4/8 8 5/5/8 8 5/6/B 8 LO

U LEVE L R F 1.2 1 1.1 3 0.9 9 1 a 0 5 " ME

D LEVE L R F 1.1 8 HIS H LEVE L R F 1.1 8 APPLIE D

R F 1.1 9 1.1 9 1.1 9 1.1 9 CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T 0.999 9 DRIFT

TES T ! I DRIFT ) 

## m 5.0 0 17.0 0 12.0 0TABL E A3-2 8 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLENE OXID E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 1 0 EMISSIO N FACTORESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALVE (gas ) SAFET YVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LINE FLANGE NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 45 6 110 2 1 1 1 12 7 70 6

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSION S MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN

STUD Y VALUE <Pf» > 5 9 2 1 7 109 3 32 4 43

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUNT (X )
100. 0 96. 5 100. 0 100. 0 98. 5 98. 4

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCN I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 ' LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00417 4 .00102 3 .09850 0 .11154 5 .00379 3 .00012 8 STRATIFIE D

EMISSION
.00116 3 .00032 9 .02510 0 .10413 5 .00149 9 .00012 6 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA )
.00184 2 .00012 4 .00009 5 .08939 6 .00145 8 .00063 9 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
.00140 3 .00008 7 .00002 9 .08938 2 .00141 6 .00053 3 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00140 3 .00008 8 .00009 5 .08939 6 .00145 8 .00053 4TABL E A3-2 9 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 0 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L EO CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E pp

m 18 8 6 9 1 8 1 5 9 34 8 10-9 9 pp

m 25 6 3 7 3 4 5 3 33 2 100-99 9 pp

m 9 4 0 5 8 2 2 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANGE 2 0 0 0 4 4 1

0 0 1 3 0 45 6

11 0 2 1 1 1 12 7 70 6 TOTA L 68 3 68 5 4 8 1 0 143 1

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET YVALV E PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 41.2 3 62.7 3 85.7 1 9.0 9 46.4 6 49.2 9 1 0 -9 9 pp m 56.1 4 33.6 4 14.2 9 36.3 6 41.7 3 47.0 3 10 0 -99 9 pp m 1.9 7 3.6 4 0.0 0 45.4 5 6.3 0 3.1 2 100 0 -999 9 pp

m .4 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.1 5 .5 7 >999 9 pp

m .2 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 9.0 9 2.3 6 0.0 0 47.7 3 47.8 7 3.3 5 .7 0 3 5

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY SUMMER . 198 8

T J ^ 1P. 8

PLAN T 1 0 DAIL YCALIBRATION ANDDRIF T DATA ,



### LQ M EVE L 

### R F KE O LEVE L 

### R F HIS H LEVE L 

### R F APPLIE D 

### R F CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T DRIF T

TES T ( I DRIFT ) DAT E AL L 1.3 0 1.7 7 1.7 8 1.5 9 0.999 2 N HTABL E A3-3 1 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLAN T 1 1 EMISSIO N FACTORESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALVE (gas ) SEALE D FLANG E

PUM P OPEN ENDE D LIN E FLANG E NUMBER

O f COMPONENT S 525 11 1 1 2 4 1 15 0

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE EMISSION S MEA N RA W OV A SCREEN

STUDY VALU E <«*» > 18 179 8 8 4 30 0 9 0

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCN I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .00183 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 ' LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00377 0 .00283 2 .00013 0 .02640 0 .00330 0 .00123 1 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N
.00077 4 .00215 5 .00004 4 .00725 3 .00029 0 .00165 9 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA )
.00117 6 .00117 4 .00020 9 .00117 2 .00447 0 .00161 1 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
.00021 3 .00110 9 0.00000 0 .00111 0 .00447 0 .00142 2 CORRELATION

CURVE (EOIC )
.00021 3 .00110 9 .00000 0 .00117 2 .00447 0 .00142 2

C OTABL E A3-3 2 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA V OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 1 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATIONS

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 50 4 10 1 1 1 7 0 13 5 10 -

- . 9 9 pp

m 1 0 4 0 2 0 7 100-99 9 pp

m 8 3 0 4 1 6 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) VALV E (gas ) SEALED FLANGE

PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANG E 3 2 0 1 0 2 0

1 0 0 0 0 52 5

11 1 1 2 4 1 15 0 TOTA L 75 8 2 3 2 2 81 2

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E OF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (llq ) VALVE (gas ) SEALE D FLANG E

PUM P OPE NENDE D LINE

FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 96.0 0 90.9 9 100 .0 0 70.8 3 0.0 0 90.0 0 10

- -9 9 pp m 1.9 0 3.6 0 0.0 0 8.3 3 0.0 0 4.6 7 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 1.5 2 2.7 0 0.0 0 16.6 7 100.0 0 4.0 0 1000 - -999 9 pp

m .5 7 1.8 0 0.0 0 4.1 7 0.0 0 1.3 3 >999 9 pp

m 0.0 0 .9 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 93.3 5 2.8 3 2.7 1 .9 9 .1 2

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

Y SUMMER , 198 8

T J oo o C O o o •—

•

r o r o r o r o

r o r o r o r o

r o r o r o r o

o o o o

- o - o - o

o o o r n

P O m m -r i i

—tz>

zo r n cn

DC *

- n z o

~ n r n .—. r — c- i :x > •-- • — i m •— • a : c a

H U l T lTABL E A3-3 4 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D ETHYLEN E OXID E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FACTOR S FO RPLANT 1 2 EMISSION FACTO RESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (Mq ) VALV E (gas ) PUM P FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIVE 77 2 412 2 2 102 5 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN

EMISSION S STUDY VALU E

<P|W ) 0 89 1 2140 9 76 8

SUMMER , MEA

N - E O AMOUN T (X )
100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 ' LEAK /

N O LEA K
.00377 0 .00249 2 .32440 9 .00109 7 STRATIFIE D

EMISSIO N
.00061 7 .00175 3 .31569 5 .00104 9 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA )
.00100 4 .00110 4 .22838 6 .00125 0 CORRELATION

CURVE (LL D - 0 )
0.00000 0 .00103 3 .22833 4 .00104 4 CORRELATIO N

CURV E (EOIC )
.00000 0 .00103 3 .22838 6 .00104 4

t oTABL E A3-3 5 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO R PLAN T 1 2 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L E O CONCENTRATIONS

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALUE RANG

E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (llq ) 77 2 0 0 0 0 77 2 VALV E (gas ) 40 6 0 0 2 4 41 2 PUM P 1 3 0 0 4 5 2 2 FLANG E 101 1 0 0 2 1 2 102 5 TOTA L 220 2 0 0 8 2 1 223 1

PERCENTAG

E O F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m VALV E (llq ) 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 VALV E (gas ) 98.5 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 .4 9 .9 7 PUM P 59.0 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 18.1 8 22.7 3 FLANG E 98.6 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 .2 0 1.1 7 WEIGHTED AVERAG

E 98.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 .3 6 .9 4

SOURCE : EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER . 198 8P. M



### PLAN T 1 2 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N

ANDDRIF T DAT A



### LO W VE L R F NE D LEVE L 

### R F HIG H LEVE L 

### R F APPLIE D 

### R F CORRELATIO N COEFFICIEN T DRIF T

TES T ll DRIFT ) 

### DAT E AL L 1.9 2 m
No calibratio nar drif t dat a *a s subaitte dwit hth e screenin g dat a A naverag e R F ot 1.9 2 calculate diraa al l dat a subaitte d u pt o th e tia e tha t thi s dat a wa s handle dwa s applied .P.1 5

-APPENDI X4 BAGGINGSTUD YDAT AP.1 6

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T J C O 4 J C d r- t 3 o r H « C J ^ £>


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r 

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c o « c : » 

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O x C d
0 ) C O c d

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### 2 C a ) a H o o r<.r«.r«Nr«.rsfvMooc o OOOOOOOOO O
I I I I I I I I I I CdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdC d vocMOvcoocMoommv o oovof>o»vor^Or-»vo-t f C O 0 0 -t f

C O -tf *t f

•t f >t f -t f -t f -t f < f O O O O O O IIIII I CdCdCdCdCdCdCdC d v O v o m O v o v

O a- H r H O -t f a- l <- H o o

o80Eo o o62Ep> . r * r

» r » r » r« » v o o o o o o o o • i C d C d C d C d C d C d C d -t f <- l O O -t

f « * -t f o o -t f v o o m o o t n m i n r

~
-tf -tf O o C d C d i n o O -tf -tf o40EC

M m

c o i n O O C d C d o v o v o v o -tf C

O .t f -tf - J -t

f -tf

.t f c o i n m m m i n O o O O o o o C d C d C d C d C d C d C d r H «t f O O

V O v O O v vONrlfOflH N C M C

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ooooomo m omminmr».o o OOr^OVOOOvOVrHv O v o m

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-tf -t f o o m -tf -tf o

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O -tf C M S X u o

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• i i i i i i i * i i i CdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdb L CM-tfovovovoo-tfinomr - p^mcopo-tfvoor^mrovoo o -tf-tf-tf-tfrH^-^^i-ICMCl m
-tfrnmrn-tfrn-tfrn-^-a-mi T OOOOOOOOOOO O I I I I I I I I I I I I CdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdCdUCt : moo-tf-tfcooom-tfrH.-ii-^r > C O r H O v O v u" > i—I C O O v v O v o O v C T CMI-~OVOVi-ll~-.CMOvOvOVP~.r ~

CMCMCMCMvOCMCMCMvOO V V V V V VVVv o

mmoooommomvoo ' i~»i~.mmmmf~»cMOovvoo s OvOvOvOvOVOvoOCDOOvmu n

oomovomcMciooovrooo ' v o ^ o v o o o o r~ > r~ * o v o o o o o o o *

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c o c o c

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## 333 2 Cc < (i t Ci a faP.1 7

TABL E

Component Typ e
Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e (Average ) A4-2 .

Phas e


### L L L L L L L
Defaul t Defaul t ETHYLEN

E



### E O (X )
10 0 5 0 5 0 10 0 5 0 1. 5 OXIDE BAGGIN

G DAT A

Organi c Solvent

Non e 

### H 2 

### 0 H 2 

### 0 None 

### H 2 

### 0 H, 0 9 0

Mas s Flo

w Rat e - Screenin

g Value - Screen

Value (ppm )


### 4 8 8 4 8 5 5
3.373E-0 7 0.000000 4 FO

R VALVE S IN

LIQUI D SERVIC E


### Ba g Cone . (ppm )



### < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 1 1
lb/h r Calculated Mas s Flo

w (lb/hr )
7.18E-0 5 9.94E-0 5 9.94E-0 5 7.18E-0 5 9.94E-0 5 7.97E-0 5 7.97E-0 5 Measure d

Mas s Flow (lb/hr )
4.54E-0 7 4.39E-0 7 4.39E-0 7 4.60E-0 7 4.74E-0 7 3.65E-0 8 5.87E-0 8

•P.1 8

TABL E A4-3 . ETHYLEN E OXIDE BAGGIN

G DAT A FO RVALVE S I

N GA S SERVICE

Component Typ e
Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e (Average ) Phas e



### G G G G
Defaul t Defaul t 

### E

O (X )
3 2 0 2 0 3

Mas s F l Organi c

Solvent

Loo p Ga s None Non e Loo p Ga s

o w Rat e - Screenin

g Value - Screen

Value (ppm )


### 8 4 4 8
4.295E-0 7 0.00 5 pp

m 

### Ba g Cone . (ppm )



### < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2
lb/h r Calculated Mas s Flo

w (lb/hr )
7.10E-0 5 4.39E-0 5 4.39E-0 5 7.10E-0 5 Measure d

Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )
4.60E-0 7 4.00E-0 7 4.54E-0 7 4.04E-0 7P.1 9

TABL E A4-4 . ETHYLEN E OXIDE BAGGIN

G DAT A FO RFLANGE S

Component Typ e Flange Flange Flange Flange Flange Flange Flange Flange Flange (Average ) Phas e



### G G G L L L L L L E

O (X )
2 0 2 0 5 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 5 0 1. 5 9 0 Organi c Solvent

Non e Non e 

### H 2 

### 0 Non e Non e 

### H 2 

### 0 H 2 

### 0

Defaul t Mas s Flo

w Rat e - Defaul t S c reenini

5 Value - Scree

n Value (ppm )


### 4 4 8 5 4 4 8 5 5
3.502E-0 7 0.003 5 

### Ba

g Cone . (ppm )



### < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 1 1 Calculate

d Mas s Flo

w (lb/hr )

1.16E-0 4 1.16E-0 4 2.05E-0 4 1.40E-0 4 1.16E-0 4 1.16E-0 4 2.05E-0 4 1.40E-0 4 1.40E-0 4 Measure d

Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )

3.86E-0 7 3.62E-0 7 4.39E-0 7 3.93E-0 7 4.60E-0 7 4.72E-0 7 5.08E-0 7 5.75E-0 8 7.46E-0 8P.2 0

APPENDI X5 EOI C FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N SURVE YP.2 1

EOI C FUGITIV E EMISSION S SURVEY : WORKPRACTICES/OPERATING PROCEDURES/DESIGN GUIDELINE S I N TH E ETHYLEN E OXID E PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

Surve y Guideline s These question s wil l b e use d b y the contracto r an d th e Ethylen e Oxide Industry

Counci l t o explai nthe lo w fugitive emission s result s observe d i n ou r fugitiv e emission s stud y an d t o serv e a s a startin g poin t fo r discussin g program s t o assur e lo w fugitive emission s fro m ethylen e oxid e facilitie s throug hthe Ethylen e Oxid e Industry Council . I naccor d wit hou r ongoin g cooperativ e agreemen t wit hth e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , the EPA wil l hav e acces s t o th e reporte d programs , an d wil l participat e i ndiscussin g th e results . I t i s expecte d tha t a respons e t o the question s wil l requir e mor e discussio n tha n ca n b e provide d o nthi s surve y form . Pleas e attac hth e additiona l response , a s needed . I t i s als o recommende d tha t program s o r guidelines , whic har e i nwriting , b e include d i nthe respons e t o thi s survey . GENERA L 1 . Wha t i s th e name plat e capacit y o f the E O Productio nFacility ?

2 . Summariz e th e numbe r o f component s i nthe uni t tha t contai n ethylen e oxide . < I X2 t o 10 * » 107 . Ga s Valve s . Li q Valve s Ga s Flange s Li q Flange s Pump s ' ; Compressor s ; Open-ende d Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safet y Relie f Valve s I f th e concentratio no f ethylen e oxid e change s throughth e productio n unit , explai nth e spatia l distributio no f the concentrations . Pleas e attac ha diagra m i f appropriate . 3 . Existin g Regulation s Summariz e th e numbe r o f component s abov e tha t ar e monitore d unde r an existin g state/federal/loca l fugitiv e emission s program . < 1 % 2 t o 10 1 » 10 % Ga s Valve sP.2 2

Li q Valve s Ga s Flange s Li q Flange s Pump s Compressor s Open-ende d Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safet y Relie f Valve s

MONITORING PROGRAM S

Pleas e presen t a detaile d summary o f an y progrn

m tha t yo

n hav e tha t wil l tel l whe na leak ha s occurre d evrt n thoug hI t ma y no t identif y

the specifi c piec e o f equipmen t leaking (are a monitoring , stron g odor , etc.) . Pleas e discus s number , location , frequency , etc. , an d provid e a diagra m i f possible .

5 . Onc e a lea k i s believe d t o exist , describ e th e mechanis m yo u use t o identif y

th e specifi c equipmen t leakin g (organi c analyser , soa p bubbles , alarms , etc.) .

Discus s the specia l procedure s tha t you us e t o chec k o r preven t equipmen t type s fro m leaking , o r minimiz e th e impac t o f a leak . Discus s the component s t o whic hthes e program s woul d apply . Ga s Valve s . Li q Valve s Ga s Flange s Li q Flange s 

### Pump s Compressor s Open-ende d Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safet y Relie f Valve s D o yo u hav e a writte nrequiremen t i nyou r proces s operatin g procedure s relatin g t o leak inspection ? Pleas e describe . (I f possible , pleas e attach. ) T o wha t portio n o f th e unit , o r components , doe s i t apply ?P.2 3



### Pleas e answe r th e followin g question s wit hrespec t t o thi s writte n program ? a . Ho w muc ho f the uni t i s covere dunde r the inspectio n program ? Al l Component s o nstream s wit hE O greate r than% Component s o nCritica l Part s o f the unit ? Pleas e describ e i ndetail . b . Wha t i s th e norma l inspectio nfrequenc y (i.e. , 8 hr , 2 4 hr , weekly , etc.) ?
c . Durin g inspection , wha t i s th e mechanis m use dt o determin e tha t a lea k ha s occurred ? d . How i s th e specifi c leak y componen t identified ?
e . How ar e record s o f th e inspectio nmaintained ? 8 . D o yo uals o hav e a ninforma l procedur e fo r leak inspection ? Describ e how

i t complement s th e writte nprogram outline d above .

Pleas e discus s th e followin g area s wit hrespec t t o th ninforma l program . a . How muc ho f th e uni t i s covere dunde r th ninspectio n program ? Al l Component s o nstrea

m wit hE O greate r tha n% Component s o nCritica l Part s o f the unit ? Pleas e describ e i ndetail . b . Wha t i s th e norma l inspectio nfrequenc y (i.e. , 8 hr , 2 4 hr , weekly , etc.) ?
c . Durin g inspection , wha t i s th e mechanis m use dt o determin e tha t a lea k ha s occurred ?P.2 4

d
. How i s the specifi c leak ycomponen t identified ?
e . How ar e record s o f the inspectio n maintained ? 9
. Afte r proces s shut-down , describ e an yspecia l lea

k check s performe d befor e start-up .

10
. Afte r proces s shut-down , describ e an yspecia l lea

k check s performe d afte r start-up .

MAINTENANC E 11
. Describ e th e procedur e yo u us e t o maintain/correc t o r repai r equipmen t whe n a leak i s found ? Discus s i f th e maintenanc e is : Immediat e Withi n A t Nex t Shutdow

n 12
. Describ e ho w on-lin e maintenanc e i s don e o n equipmen t likel y t o leak
.

13
. I f repair s canno t b e complete d on-lin e o r ar e unsuccessfu l i s ther e a pla n t o shu t dow n a portio n o f the unit s for repair ? Pleas e describe
.

Discus s ho w the seriousnes s o f the lea k relate s t o th

e repai r time
.
PROCES S DESIG

NAN D EQUIPMEN

T SPECIFICATION S 14
. Ar e the potentia l fo r equipmen t leak s a facto r i n proces s design ?P.2 5

Pleas e describ e ho w the followin g factor s affec t equipmen t design . Toxicit y Explosio n potentia l Produc t los s Energy Saving s 15 . Pleas e describ e ho w th e us e o f specifi c component s ar e impacte d b

y equipmen t leak potential .

Conside r th e followin g factors :
a . Describ e how

th e toxi c o r explosiv e potentia l o f thi s chemica l i s take nint o accoun t i ndesig nspecifications . b . Describ e th e condition s unde r whic hspecia l desig n specification s (AST M fo r example ) woul d b e use d i n thi s uni t (temperature , pressure , percentag e inline , etc.) .
e . Ar e vendors ' operation s periodicall y inspecte d t o insur e produc t quality ? d . Ar e component s fro m the vendo r periodicall y teste d for lea k tightness ?

16 . Discus s how

component s ar e teste d befor e installatio n i nthi s process ?

17 . Discus s an

y othe r qualit y

contro l step s take ndurin g constructio nt o assur e lo w leakag e potentia l (i.e. , wel d x-ray an d interpretation , chec k valv e packing , pressur e o r hydrostati c testing , specia l installatio nguidelines , etc.) .

18 . Sinc e beginnin g operation , discus s an y equipmen t change s tha t hav e bee nmad e t o reduc e leak s (i.e. , us e o f improve d valve packing , changin g o f gaskets , replacement s o f on e brand o fP.2 6

valve s wit hanothe r valv e type) . Discus s I f notabl e reductio n i nequipmen t leakag e resulte d fromth e changes
.