p. 1 

# PICK-UPDATE : 3/8/200 7
BO X 

# 1 0 O F 

# 1 0 Ste p 2 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### (PAR T A o

f B )



# EP A DOCKE T ID : 102RQ-R N

1 ) INDE X 3 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 2 5 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 4 7) / 

# Cl02RQ-RN-l-rS > 9 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 1 11 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 3 13 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 2 15 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 4 17 ) 102RQ-RN-2-2- 1 19 ) 102RQ-RN-2-3- 1 21 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 2 23 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 4 25 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 6 27 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 8 29 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4-1 0 31 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 2 33 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 4 35 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 6 37 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 8 39 ) 102RQ-RN-5- 1 Ste p 3 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### CD : OA : / 

# 2 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 1 4 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 3 6 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 5 8 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 7 10 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 2 12 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 1 14 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 3 16 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 5 18 ) 102RQ-RN-2-2- 2 20 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 1 22 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 3 24 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 5 26 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 7 28 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 9 30 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 1 32 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 3 34 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 5 36 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 7 38 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 9 40 ) 102RQ-RN-5- 2

Ste p 1 : FO R ASR

C INTERNA L US E ONL Y X^~~X Are ihere more document s fo r thi s Docke t i n anothe r box ? /*YE S / N O "Fil l ou t Continuatio n Shee t an d go t o Ste p 2

Interna l SFUN D Bo

x Numbe r 3 5 O F 28 3
Initials/Date : LD S / 3-8-200 7

# loa.KQ*~RfiJ-i-G P. 2



## Tuesda y Jul y 19 , 198

8



# Par t I I 

# Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y
4 0 CF R Part s 117 , 302 , an d 3S 5 Reportin g Exemption s fo r Federall y Permitte d Release s o f Hazardou s Substances ; Propose d Rid eP. 3

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53
. No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday
. July 19
. 198 8 / Propose d Rule s
ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y 4) 0 CF R Part s 117,302 , an d 3S 5 [FRL-3207-3 ] Reportin g E8@mp.ion o fo rFederall y

- Permitte d Ralsaso o o f Hssaw-ou o Sul&otsnce s AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA)
. ACTtOM : Propose d rule
. SumflRV : Sectio n 103(a ) o f th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an d Liabilit y Ac to f 198 0 (CERCLA) , a s amended , require s tha tth e perso n i n charg e o f a vesse l o r facilit y fro m whic h a hazardou s substanc e ha s bee n release d i n a quantit y tha ti s equa l t o o r greate r tha n it s reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) shal l immediatel y notif

y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r o f

th e release
. Sectio n 102(b ) set s a n RQ o f

on e poun d o f hazardou s substances , excep tthos e fo r whic h RQ s hav e bee n establishe d pursuan tt o sectio n 311a(b)(4 ) o f th e clea n Wate r Act
. Sectio n 102(a ) authorize s th e U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA ) t o adjus tRQ s fo r hazardou s substance s an d t o designat e a s hazardou s substance s thos e substance s that , whe n release d int o th e environment , ma y presen t substantia l dange r t o th o publi c healt h o r welfar e o r th e environmen t Th e notificatio n requiremen tunde r section s 103(a ) an d 103(b ) o f CERCLA applie s t o an y releas e o f a hazardou s substanc e "othe r tha n a federall y permitte d release. " Sectio n 101(10 ) o f CERCL A define s "federall y permitte d release " i n term s o f

th e discharg o requirement s o f

a numbe r o f

Stat ® an d Federa l programs . Sectio n 107(j ) o f CERCL A als o exempt s ® "federall y permitte d release " fro m liabilit y unde r CERCL A fo r respons e cost s an d damage s incurre d du e t o th e release
. Th e purpos e o f

thi o rulemakin g i o t o clarif y th e federall y permitte d releas a exemptio n fro m CERCI A releas e reportin g an d liabilit y provisions
. Today' s propose d rul e als o addresse s thi s exemptio n fro m th e notificatio n requirement s unde r Titl e II I o f th e Superfun d Amendment s an d Reauthorizatio n Ac to f 1983
. Th e Agenc y als o propose s i n thi s rul e t o mak e conformin g change a t o th e regulatio n (4 0 CF

RPart117 ) describin g th e notificatio n requirement s fo r release s o f

hazardou s substance s unde r sectio n 31 1 o f

th e Clea n Wate r Act
. Finally , thi s rulemakin g addresse s severa l issue s relate d t o whic h release s int o th e environmen trequir e notificatio n unde r CERCLA
. DATES : Comment s mus tb e submitte d o n o r befor e Septembe r 19,1988
. ADDRESSES : Comments: Comment s shoul d b e submitte d i n triplicat e to : Emergenc y Respons e Division , Superfun d Docke t Clerk
. Attention : Docke tNumbe r 101(10 ) FPR , Roo m LG-100 , U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Stree tSW. , Washington , D C 20460
. Docket- Copie s o f

material s relevan t t o thi s rulemakin g ar e kep ti n Roo m LG
100 , a tth e abov e address
. Th e docke ti s availabl e fo r inspectio n betwee n 9:0 0 a.m . an d 4:0 0 p.m . Monda y throug h Friday , excludin g Federa l holidays
. Appointment s t o revie w th e docke tca n b e mad e b y callin g 202/382-3049
. A s provide d i n 4 0 CF

RPar t2
. a reasonabl e fe e (th e firs t5 0 page s ar e fre e an d eac h additiona l pag e cost s $.20 ) ma y b e charge d fo r copyin g services
. PO H PURTNE1 3 IWPORC3ATJOC!
. ©ecwAet
. Mr
. Huber tWatters
. Projec tOfficer , Respons e Standard s an d Criteri a Branch , Emergenc y Respons e Divisio n (WH-548B)
. U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 401 M Stree tSW. , Washington
. D C 20480 , (202 ) 382-248 % o r th e RCRA/Superfun d Hotline , l-«H>/424
- 9358 ; i n Washington
. DC , 1-202/382
- 3000
. Th e toll-fre e telephon e numbe r o f th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i s 1-800/424
- 8802 ; i n th e Washington
. D C metropolita n area , th e numbe r i s 1-202 / 428-287S
. QIUK?Fa£E3GK]ran

V IMPeOCOATICK

B Th e content s o f

today' s preambl e ar e liste d i n th e followin g outline : I
. Introduction an d Genera l Comment

s A
. Backgroun

d B
. Relationshi p to Reportin g Unde r Titl e II I II
. Btesaont o o f th o Exemption m . Notificatio n fo

r Certai n Type s o f Release s A
. I n Genera l B
. PC B Waste Disposal IV
. Diocharegs s to POTW

o V
. Regulator

y Analysed
. A
. Executiv e Orde

r No
. .229
. B
. Regulator

y Flexibilit

y Ac t C Paperwor

k Reduction Ac t S
. fatenxritataa om

d QssKara

l Cora-eas-it

o A. Background Th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an d Liabilit y Ac to f 198 0 (Pub
. L 98-510)
. 4 2 U.S.C
. 880 1 et seq. (CERCLA o r th e Ac.) , enacte d o n Decembe r 11 , ISSO , an d amende d b y th e Superfun d Amendment s an d Reauthorizatio n Ac to f 198 3 (SARA ) (Pub
. L 99-489) , establishe s broa d Federa l authorit y t o respon d t o release d o r threat s o f

release s o f

hazardou a substance s from vessel s an d facilities
.

Sectio n 101(14 ) o f

CERCL A define s th e term "hazardou s substances " chiefl y b y referenc e t o othe r environmenta l statute s wit h authorit y furthe r grante d t o th e U.S : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA ) t o designat e additiona l hazardou s substance s unde r CERCL A sectio n 102(a)
. Th e CERCL A lis t currentl y contain s 72 1 hazardou s substances
. Sectio n 103(a ) o f

th e Ac trequire s that , a s soo n a s th e perso n i n charg e o f a vesse l o r facilit y ha s knowledg e o f a releas e o f

a hazardou s substanc e fro m suc h vesse l o r facilit y i n a quantit y equa l t o o r greate r tha n th e reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) fo r tha tsubstance , th e perso n shal l notif

y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r immediately
. Sectio n ' - 102(b ) o f CERCL A establishe s RQ s fo r release s o f

hazardou s substance s a ton e pound , excep tfo r thos e substance s whos e RQ s wer e establishe d a ta differen tleve l pursuan tt o sectio n 311(b)(4 ) o f

th e Clea n Wate r Ac t(CWA)
. Sectio n 102(a ) o f

CERCL A authorize s th e EP A Administrato r t o adjus tal l o f thes e RQ s b y regulatio n (se e 4 0 CF R 302.4)
. Sectio n 10 9 o f

CERCL A an d sectio n 32 5 o f SAR A Titl e II

I authoriz e EP

A t o asses s civi l penaltie s fo r failur e t o repor t release s o f

hazardou s substance s tha t equa l o r excee d thei r RQs
. Sectio n 10 3 o f CERCLA , a s amended , authorize s EP A t o see k crimina l penaltie s fo r submittin g fals e o r misleadin g informatio n i n a notificatio n mad e pursuan tt o CERCL

A sectio n 103 , an d increase s th e maximu m penaltie s an d year s o f imprisonmen tfo r violatio n o f th e CERCL

A sectio n 10 3 reportin g requirement
. On e o f th e exemption s fro m sectio n 10 3 reportin g requirement s i s fo r "federall y permitte d releases. " Th e definitio n o f

"federall y permitte d release " i n CERCL

A sectio n 101(10 ) specificall y identifie s release s permitte d unde r othe r environmenta l statutes , includin g th e followin g genera l type s o f releases :
° Discharge s covere d b y a Nationa l Pollutan tDischarg e Eliminatio n Syste m (NPBE3 ) permit , permi tapplication , o r permi tadministrativ e record ;
° Discharge s i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e permi tfo r dredge d o r fil l material s unde r sectio n 40 4 o f th e CWA ;
° Release s i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e Resourc e Conservatio n an d Recover y Ac t(RCRA ) hazardou s wast e managemen tfacilit y fina l permit ;
° Release s i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e permi tunde r th eP. 4

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , July 19
. 198 8 / Propose d Rule s 2726 9
Marin e Protection , Research , and Sanctuarie s Act ;
• Any injection s o

f fluid s authorized unde r federall y approved undergroun d injectio n contro

l program s (including federall y authorized State programs ) pursuan tt o Par tC o f the Saf e Drinkin g Wate r Act ;
• An y ai r emission s subjectt

o permi t o r contro l regulation s unde

r certai n provision s o

f the Clea n Ai r Ac t(CAA) ;
• An y injection s o

f fluid s o r othe r material s authorized b y applicabl e Stat e la w fo r the purpos e o

f stimulatin g o r treating well s fo

r th e productio n of crude oil , natura

l gas , o r water , o r fo r othe r production o

r enhance d recover

y purposes ;
• The introduction o

f any pollutant int o a publicl y owne d treatmen twork s whe n suc h pollutanti s specifie d i n an d i n complianc e wit

h pretreatmen

t standard s an d a pretreatmen tprogra m submitted t

o EP A fo r approval ; an d

• An y releas e o

f source , specia l nuclear , o r byproduc

tmateria l i n complianc e wit

h a legall y enforceabl e license , permi tregulation , o r order issue d pursuan

tt o th e Atomi c Energ

y Act
. b i th e Ma y 25,198 3 Notic e o

f Proposed Rulemakin

g (NPRM ) (48 F R 23552 ) t o adjus tcertai n RQs , EP

A explaine d the Agency' s interpretatio n o f eac h o f th e type s o

f release s exempte d b y the definitio n o

f "federally permitted release. " EP

A ha s decide d t

o repropoa

e the rul e fo r federally permitted release s today rather tha

n publis h a fina

l rul e becaus e o f th e amoun

tof tim e tha tha s passe d sinc e th e origina

l proposal
. Today' s propose d regulatio n woul d ad d a definitio n o

f "federally permitte d release " t o 4 0 CF R302.3 , Definitions. 1 EP A receive d man

y comment

s o n variou s aspect s o

f th e federall y permitted releas e exemption , mos tof which urge

d a broade r interpretatio n o f on e o r mor

e o f the exemptio n categories
. Genera l comment

s o n th e scop e o f

th a exemptio n ar

e discusse d below , followe d b y discussio n o f comment s o n specifi c type s o

f federall y permitte d releases
. Several commenter s discusse d th e potential duplicatio n betwee n CERCL A reportin g requirements an d reporting requirement

s under existin g permi

t program s fo r release s exceedin g level s se tb y th e terms of

th e permi tTiies e commenter

s suggeste d tha tbecaus e permi tprogram s alread y ma

y requir e notificatio n o

f a regulator

y authorit y i n the even to

f a release exceedin g permi t levels , suc

h release s shoul d b e exemp t

1 Further , today' s proposa l revise s th a definitio n o f "release " t o reflec tSAR A amendment * t o CERCL A sectio n 101(22J
. fro m notificatio n whe n permitted level s ar e exceede d b y a

n R Q o r more . CERCL A sectio n 101(10) , however , generall y limit

s th e federall y permitted releas e exemptio n t

o thos e release s "i

n complianc e with " permitted o r regulator y requirements. A straightforwar

d interpretatio n o

f th e statute indicate s tha

ti f a releas e exceed s permitted levels , i ti s not"i n complianc e with " th

e permi tand canno t b e "federall

y permitted. " Therefore , if the amoun

to f th e releas e exceedin g th e permitted level , i.e~ th e portion of tn e releas e tha

ti s no tfederall y permitted , i s equa l t o o r exceed s th e RQ , th e release mus tb e reported immediatel y t o th e National Respons e Center
. Thi s approac h als o avoid s the numerous an d unnecessary report

s tha tcoul d b e generate d b y th e reporting o f smal l permi texcursion s tha

tar e bette r addresse d b y the permittin g authority
. EP A believe s tha

tit s interpretatio n i s require d b y th e plai n languag e of th e statute an d i s essentia l t

o ensur e adequat e protectio n o

f publi c healt

h an d th e environment
. Th e Agenc y believe s tha tCERCL

A reporting an d reporting unde r permi

tprogram s i s no tduplicativ e becaus e ther e ar

e significan tdifference s betwee n th e purpose s serve d b y CERCL A notificatio n an d th e purpose s o f permi tprograms . Th e permi

t notificatio n requirement

s an d th e informatio n tha

ti s reported under permi tprogram s ma y differ fro

m on e progra m t o another
. I

f permit notificatio n requirements wer e allowe d t o suffice fo

r CERCL A notification , th

a information availabl e t

o th e CERCI_

A progra m o n release s migh

tb e inconsisten tan d incomplete
. Permi t program s als o differ i n thei r reportin g mechanism s an d d o no talway s requir e immediat e notification
. I

n som e cases , releases i n exces s o

f permitted level s nee d onl y b e reported a

tspecifi c Interval s (e.g. , monthly)
. Moreover , release s i n exces s of

permi tlevel s ar e reported t o differen tFedera l an d State authorities , dependin g upo n th e permit
. CERCL A require s immediat

e notificatio n t

o a centra l office , th e National Respons e Center , a s soo n a s th e perso n i n charge ha s knowledg e of a release equa

l t o o r exceedin g a n RQ , s o tha ttimel y response ma

y b e initiate d i

f th e appropriat

e governmen

tauthorit y • determine s tha

tth e release ma

y presen t substantia l dange r t

o publi c healt

h o r th e environment
. Moreover , EP

A i s no tconvince d tha

t requirin g person s i n charge o

f a vesse l o r facilit y t o mak e additional telephon e call s (t o th e National Respons e Center , the loca l communit

y emergenc

y coordinator , an d th e Stat e emergency respons e commission ) t

o a toll-fre e o r local numbe r constitute s a

n undu e burde n o n the regulated community
. The Agency seek s comment

s o n it s interpretatio n o

f th e burdens and the benefit s o f requirin g reporting unde

r CERCL A and Federa

l o r State permi

t programs . Several commenter

s recommended tha trelease s b e considere d federall y permitted release s (an

d therefor e exemp tfro

m CERCL A notificatio n and liabilit y provisions ) i

f the y ar e exemp t fro m regulatio n b y the statute s liste d in CERCL A sectio n 101(10)
. EP

A believe s tha texemptin g such release s woul d b e contrar y t o th e purpos e o

f the notificatio n requirements , which i s t o protec thuma n healt h and the environmen

tb y requirin

g tha t responsibl e authoritie s b e notifie d o f release s tha

tma y requir e a timely response . The exemptio n o f a typ e o f releas e from regulation unde r a particula r statut e ma y hav e littl e o

r n o bearin g o n whethe r a Federa l respons e actio n migh

tb e neede d fo

r a specifi c release. Example s illustrat

e th e disparate reason s fo

r exemptions
. Fo

r instance , owner s o r operators of

certai n soli d wast e disposa l facilitie s tha thandl e hazardou s wast e onl y from generators o f les s tha n 10 0 kg
. per mont

h o f nonacutel y hazardou s wast e (Se e 4 0 CF R 281.5) ar

e exemp tfro

m the requiremen

tt o obtai n a hazardou s wast e managemen

tfacilit y permi tunde r sectio n 300

6 of RCRA
. Th e exemptio n i s base d o n a balancin g o

f th e administrativ e burden o

f includin g such waste s i n th e Subtitl e C syste m agains t th e threa tth e Agency determine d woul d b e pose d b y disposin g o

f th e waste s i n unpermitted facilitie s (4 5 F R 33088 , 33102-33105 (Ma

y 19,1980))
. Certain type s o f hazardou s wast e recyclin g activities—fo r example , th e ac to f reclamation o f

a hazardou s wast e o r burnin g a hazardou s wast e i n a boile r o r industria l furnac e t o recove r energy ar e exemp tfro

m regulatio n whil e EP

A determine s appropriat

e regulator

y regime s fo

r thes e activities
. (Se e 4 0 CF R 281. 8 an d 4 0 CF

R Par t288)
. Under th e CWA
. electroplatin g facilitie s that produce 1000 gallon s of

effluen tpe r da y are exempte d fro

m effluentstandard s becaus e complianc e i s economicall y infeasibi e for thes e smal l firms (39 F R 11510
. Marc

h 28,1974)
. I

n eac h instance , the release ma

y requir e respons e action , an d th e facttha

tth e releas e i s exempte d fro m th e statutor

y requirement

s i s not relevan tt o thi s determination
. Th e Agency ha s determined , therefore , tha t release s exempte d fro

m regulation b y th e statute s liste d in sectio n 101(10 ) wil lP. 5

2727 © Federa l Registe r / Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul

y 19 , 198 8 /

Propose d Rules
notb e considere d federally permitted releases
. Althoug h certai n release s ma

y not qualif y a s federall y permitted , the y ma y notpos e a sufficienthazar d to . warran

t reportin g t o the Nationa

l Respons e Center
. The Administrato r wil l conside r establishin g a

n administrativ e exemptio n fro

m CERCL A notificatio n requirement

s i f i tappears tha

tcertai n release s pos e no hazar

d o r pos e a hazar d onl y rarel

y and unde

r circumstance s tha

twoul d notlikel y resulti n any actio n bein g taken t o respon d t o th e hazard
. However , n o suc h exemption s ar

e propose d unde

r thi s regulation
. On e commenter requeste d tha ta releas e stil l b e considere d a federall y permitted releas e whe n ther e i s onl y a "technical " violatio n o

f permi t condition s (i.e. , wher e the violatio n relate s t o operating , monitoring , o r reportin g procedure s and doe s notaffec t the characte r o r quantit

y o f th e release). EP A agree s tha

tnotificatio n o

f th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r woul d b e . unnecessary in suc

h a cas e an d shoul d b e addresse d b y th e permi tprograms , wher e appropriate , a s a permi tviolation
. I f the characteristic s o

f a releas e (bot

h th e substanc e involve d an d th e quantit y o r concentratio n ar

e i n complianc e wit

h a permi tdescribe d in sectio n 101(10) , CERCL A notificatio n wil l no tb e required
. However , t

o th e exten ttha

ta releas e exceed s th e permi tlimitwit h regar d t o th e quantit

y o f a hazardou s substance , itwil l no tb e considere d a federall y permitted releas e an d CERCL A notificatio n wil l b e required whe n the releas e o

f th e hazardou s substanc e exceed s it s permitted leve l b y a n R Q o r more . Some Federa

l permi t program s d o no tinclud e quantitative * limit s o n th e amount

s o f specifi c hazardou s substance s tha tca n b e released
. Accordingly , n o "permittee
. : level " exist s agains twhic h th s reloade d quantit y ca n b e compare d t o deterBata o - whethe r CERCL

A notificatio n i s require d (i.e. , whethe r th e penniHe d leve l ha s bee n exceede d b y a n R Q os ? more)
. I n such cases , CERCL

A notificatio n wil l b e required whe n th s characteristic s of

th e releas e er e no . to - complianc e wit

h th e permi

t(e.g- , th s allowabl e concentratio n o f a particula r constituen tha s bee n exceeded ) an d a n R Q o r mor e o f a hazardou s substanc e ha s bee n released
. Severa l commenters urge d tha t variou s type s o

f release s (suc

h a s all , .. . "routine " releases o

r release s covere d b y othe r permi

tprograms ) no t mentione d i n sectio n 101(10 ) b e considere d federall y permitte d release
. EP A canno tsuppor

tthi s position
. Federally permitted release s ar e specificall y liste d i n sectio n 101(10)
. Thi s detaile d lis tclearl y indicate d tha t Congres s di d notinten d release s othe r tha n thos e liste d in sectio n 101(10 ) t o b e considere d federall y permitted and thereb y exemp tfro

m CERCL A reportin

g and liabilit

y requirements
. B. Relationship to Reporting UnderTitle III Titl e i n o f SAR A (section s 301-329

) addresse s emergenc

y planning an d communit y right-to-know an d provides , amon g othe r things , emergenc

y an d annua l notificatio n requirement s i n additio n t o thos e include d i n sectio n 10 3 o f CERCLA
. EP A ha s provide d (se e 5 2 F R13377, Apri

l 22,1987 ; 52 F

R21152 , Jun e 4,1987 ) and wil l continu e t o provid e regulation s and guidanc e o n th e Titl e II I requirements a s necessar y an d appropriate
. Wit h respectt

o emergenc

y notificatio n requirements , sectio n 30 4 o f SAR A provide s releas e reporting requirement

s tha tparallel th e requirement

s o f sectio n 103(a

) bu tar e intende d t

o mak e releas e information immediatel y availabl e t

o State and loca l emergenc y official s a s wel l a s Federa l respons e official s notifie d unde r CERCL A sectio n 103
. I

n addition , sectio n 304(a

) requires reportin

g of (1 ) release s fo

r whic h notificatio n i s required under sectio n 103(a ) o f CERCLA , an d (2) release s o

f "extremely hazardou s substances " tha tar e no t hazardou s substance s unde r CERCL A bu ttha t"occur i n a manner whic h woul d requir

e notificatio n under sectio n 103(a) " o f CERCLA
. Federall y permitte d releases , a s define d b y CERCL A sectio n 101(10) , are no trequired t o b e reported under sectio n 30

4 o f SAR A (se e 53 F

R 13383)
. T o clarif

y th e typ e of

release s tha tare define d a s federall y permitte d releases , an d thereb y exemp tfro m SAR A sectio n 30

4 reporting , today' s rul e propose s t o revis e th e applicabilit y sectio n of th e regulatio n implementin g sectio n 30 0 (4 0 CF R355.40(a) ) t

o ad d th e definitio n o

f "federally permitted releases " provide d i n thi s rule
. Thus , tho interpretatio n o

f federall y permitted release propose d i n today' s rul e wil l defin e clearl y th e scop e o f th e releasee
. reportabl e under SAR

A sectio n 30.
. With respec tt

o annua l notificatio n of toxi c chemical releases required unde r SAR A sectio n 313 , however , federall y permitte d release s ar

e no texemp t
U. EHOEBQ-Jt o Oi ? tl_K

3 E_SQ__!pt-G_

- Eac h elemen tof

th e federall y permitte d releas e exemptio n i s discusse d below
. Relevan tcomment s received o n the ma

y 25,1983
. NPR

M pertaining t

o eac h elemen tals o ar

e discussed
. Releases from Point

Sources with National Pollutant

Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permits. Introduction. Sectio n 101(10 ) identifie s thre e type s o f releases fro

m poin t source s wit

h NPDE S permit s a s federall y permitted releases : (A ) discharge

s i n complianc

e wit h a permi t unde r sectio n 40 2 o f th e Federa l Wate r Pollutio n Contro l Act
. (B ) discharge

s resultin g fro m circumstance

s identifie d an d reviewe d an d mad e par to f th e publi c recor d wit h respec tt o a permi tissue d o r modifie d unde r sectio n 40 2 o f th e Federa l Wate r Pollutio n Contro l Ac tan d subjec tt o a conditio

n o f suc h permi t(C ) continuou

s o r anticipate

d intermitten tdischarge s fro m a poin tsource , identifie d i n a permi to r permi tapplicatio

n unde r sectio n 40 2 o f th e Federa l Wate r Pollutio n Contro l Ac twhic h ar e cause d b y event s occurrin g withi n th e scope o f relevan t operatin g o ? treatmen tsystem s * * *
. Thi s language i s identical t o tha tuse d i n sectio n 311(a)(2) o

f th e CW A t o exclud e thes e releases from the ter m "discharge " wit

h respec tt

o EPA' s oi l an d hazardou s substance s spil l respons e an d preventio n program. Furthermore
. Congres s intende d i n enactin g CERCL A sectio n 101(10

) (A)
. (B) , an d (C) , tha

t EPA' s interpretatio n o

f the provision s unde r th e CW A b e continue d unde

r CERCLA
. (Se e S
. Rep
. No
. 848,98t

h Cong-
. 2nd Sess
. 4

7 (1980). ) Reflectiv e o

f Congressiona

l intent , th e Agency propose s toda

y tha tth e interpretatio n provide d i n th e regulator

y language an d th e preamble s t

o th e rule s implementin g th e CW A sectio n 311(a)(2) exclusion s b e applie d t o th e oam e exemption s under CERCL A sectio n 101(10

) (A) , (B) , an d (C)
. Th e legislativ e histor

y of th e CW A explain s thatth e purpos e o f th e sectio n 31 1 exemption s wa s t

o exclud e fro

m th e spil l respons e provisiqno o f sectio n 31 1 three type s of

dischargee , subjectt

o regulatio n undei

? othe r CW

A provisions ; specifically , oectio n 40 2 NPD1 S permit s an d sectioi a 30

3 enforcementprovisions
. Senato r Staffor

d explaine d that :
° • "waar

o attemptin

g t o dra w a lin o betwee n th o provioion

o o f th o (CWA ) unde r section
. 3SJ-

. S04.40 2 regulatin g chroni c discharge s on d 31 1 dealin

g wit h opillo
. A tth e extremes , i ti o relativel y oao y t o focu o o n th e differenc e tro ti tca n becom e complicated

. Th e concep tco n b o summarize

d b y statin g tha tthoo s dlochasga

- o f pollutant , tha ta reasonabl e ma n woul d conclud e ar e aeoeciate d wit h psnnito
. permi tconditions, operatio n o f treatmen ttechnolog y an d permi t violation s woul d resul ti n 402/3C 9 sanctions ; thoc o diqchorga

o o f pollutant s tha to reaoonabl o ma n woul d conclud e ar e episodi c o r classica l opill o no tintende d o r capabl e o f bein g processe d throug h th e permitte d treatmen tsyste m an d outfal l woul d resul ti nP. 6

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , July 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s 2727 1

V th

e applicatio

n o f sectio n 311
. (12 4 Congressiona

l Recor d 3768 3 (1978). ) I n 1979
. the Agency promulgate d 4 0 CF RPar t117, which contain s CW A reportin g requirement

s fo r discharge s o

f hazardou s substance s (4

4 F R 50776, Augus t29,1979)
. Sectio n 117.1 2 provide d a regulator

y interpretation o

f the thre e exclusion s t

o the defintion o

f "discharge " in 4 0 CF

R Par t11 6 an d CW A sectio n 311(a)(2) , an

d the preamble t

o th e rul e provided a detaile d explanatio n o

f the three type s of exclude d discharges
. I

n 1987, EP

A amended the definitio n o

f "discharge " i n 4 0 CF R Par t110 , th e discharg e o

f oi l regulation , t

o codif y the sam e thre

e CW A exclusion s (5

2 F R 10712
. Apri

l 2 , 1987)
. Th e preambl e t

o th e oi l discharg e rul e adopte d the descriptio n o f the thre e exclusion s fro

m the 197 9 preamble t

o 4 0 CF R Par t117
. I n today' s rule , th e Agency propose s t o appl y the existin g interpretation o f th e three type s o

f discharge s tha

tar e exclude d from coverag e tinde r CW A sectio n 31 1 t

o the firstthre e type s of discharge s under CERCL

A sectio n 101(10)
. Thus , thi s interpretatio n wil l apply t o th e followin g regulatory provisions : 4 0 CF

R 110.1,118.3.117.12 , 300.5 , 302.3 , and 335.40
. Th e Agency , however , als o i s proposing t o mak e tw o clarifyin g amendment

s t o 4 0 CFR117.12 , a s explaine d below , tha

tals o wil l b e aplicabl e t

o th e correspondin g exemption s unde r 4 0 CF

R Part s 110,118 , 300 , 302 , an d 355
. I n the paragraph s tha

tfollow , th e three type s o

f NPDE S discharge s that correspon d t

o th e federall y permitted release s i n CERCL

A section s 101(10) (A) , (B) , an d (C) ar

e described
. Foi

? simplicity , thes e discharge s wil l br a referre d t o a s Typ e A , B , an d C respectively
. Type A Discharges. Typ e A discharge s ar

e thos e tha

tar e L a complianc e with a n NFDE S permi tliml
. tha tspecificall y addreoee th e dicchsip i in question
. T o qualif

y a s a Typ e A discharge , th e permi

tmus teithe r addres s the discharg e directl y throug h specifi c effluen

tUmitation

o o r throug

h th e us e of indicato r pollutants
. I s th s cas e o f the latter , th e administrative , recor d prepare d durin g permi t developmen tmus tidentif y specificall y . the discharg e o

f th e pollutanta

o ora o o

_ thos e pollutant

s th e indicato r i s intende d t o represen t Type B Discharges. Typ e 0 discharge s ar e foreseeabl e (i.e.
. identifie d i n th e NPDE S permit' s developmen trecord ) an d flo w into a facility' s effluen t treatmen tsyste m designe d t

o trea tthe discharge
. Thi s secon d typ e of discharg e i s limite d t

o on-sit e spill s t

o th e permitted treatmen tsyste m tha

twer e identifie d an

d considere d in the issuanc e o

f th e permi

tbu tar e no t subjectt o an y specifi c effluen

t limitations
. Discharge s ar e include d onl y wher e (1 ) th e source , nature , an d amoun to f a potential discharg e wer e identifie d and made par

to f the publi c record , an d (2) th e permi

tcontaine d a conditio n requirin

g tha tth e treatmen

t syste m b e capabl e o

f eliminatin g o

r abatin g th e potential discharge
. Therefore , i

f a n on-site spil l wa s processe d throug

h a treatmen

tsyste m capabl e of

eliminatin g o r abatin g th e spill , and th e spil l i s subjectt o a permi t condition , a discharg e resultin g from th e on-sit e spil l woul d b e subjectt o CW A section s 40

2 an d 30 8 and woul d b e a federally permitted release
. I f a n on-site spil l I s no tpasse d throug

h a treatmen

t syste m o r i s no totherwis e treate d i n any way , the discharg e resulting from th e on-sit e spil l i s subjectt o CW A sectio n 31 1 and i s no ta federall y permitted release
. Also , discharge s tha tresul tfro

m on-sit e spill s tha

tare passe d throug

h treatmen tsystem s (1 ) tha

thav e no tbee n demonstrate d a s capabl e of eliminatin g o r abatin g th e discharg e o r (2) fo r whic h n o permi tconditio n exist s ar

e subjectt

o CW A sectio n 31 1 an d ar

e notfederall y permitted release s under CERCLA
. A "permi tcondition " woul d includ e th e existenc e of

a treatmentsyste m o r releas e preventio n plan s an d othe r bes t managemen

tpractice s designe d t o addres s th e discharge
. Bes tmanagement

- practice s are operatin g method s oi ? procedure s t

o prevento

r minimiz e th e potentia l fo

r th e discharg e of

toxi c o r hazardou s substance s from processe s ancillar y t o th e industria

l manufacturin

g o r treatmen

tprocess . Fo

r example , a discharge r ha s a drainag e syste m tha t wil l rout e spille d materia

l from, a broke

n hos Q connectio n t

o a holdin g tan

k o ? basi n fo r subsequen ttreatmento r discharg e ata specifie d rate . T o b e eligibl e a o a Typ e B discharge , th s discharge r mus tidentif

y specificall y such a syste m i n the permi tapplication
. Th e permi

tconditio n discusse d i n th s applicatio n muotb s sufficien tt o trea t th e maximu

m potential spil l from th

o identifie d source . Discharge s thatresult ' from a n on-sit e spil l larger an d mor e concentrate d tha n th e spil l contemplate d i h th e publi c record , an d fo r whic h a conditio n wa s provide d i n th e permit

, wil l b e subjectt o CW

A sectio n 31 1 an d CERCL

A notificatio n an d liability provision s (i.e. , th s discharg e wil l no tb e a federall y permitte d release)
. Today' s rule propose s t

o amend <S

0 CF R117.12(c

) b y deletin g th e phras e "whethe r o

r no tth e discharg e i s i n complianc e wit

h the permit, " fo

r Typ e B discharges , t

o avoi d confusio n cause d b y the phrase
. Th

e phras e wa s originall

y include d i n th e rule becaus e Typ e B discharge s ar

e discharge s tha

tresult fro m circumstance s identifie d and considere d in the issuanc e o f a permi t bu ttha tar e no tsubjectt

o any specifi c effluen tlimitations
. Th e Agency i s concerne d tha

tthe phras e ma

y b e interpreted incorrectly t o mean tha t Typ e B coul d refe

r t o discharge s i n which the permittee did notsatisf y the conditio n place d i n th e permit
. Becaus e th e Agency believe s tha

tthe phras e cause s confusion , the Agency propose s t o delet e th e phras e from the regulation
. Th e Agency solicit s comment s o n thi s propose d revisio n t

o 4 0 CF R 117.12(c)
. Type C Discharges. Typ e C discharges ar e from a poin tsourc e an d ar e (l ) continuou s o

r anticipate d intermitten

t discharges , (2

) identifie d i n a permi

to r permi tapplication , an d (3 ) cause d b y event s occurrin

g withi n th e scop e o

f the relevan toperating and treatmen t systems . Included withi n th e scop e o f thi s provisio n ar

e chronic , process relate d discharge s resultin g from periodi c upset s in th e manufacturin g an d treatmen

tsystems , for example , th e discharg e create d b y a syste m backwash
. Discharge s cause d b y spill s o r episodi c event s tha

trelease hazardou s substance s t

o the manufacturin

g o r treatmen

tsystem s ar

e no tTyp e C discharges
. Th e language o f 40CF R 117.12(d)provide s furthe r example s o

f discharge s tha

tfitwithi n th e category : (1 ) Provided tha ta n on-site spil l i o no tth e cause , contaminatio n o f noncontactcoolin g wate r o r stor m wateR (2) a n upse to r failur e o f a treatmen tsyste m o r of

a proces s producing a continuou s o r anticipate d intermitten

td-ocharge ; o

r (3) wher e the discharg e originate s i n th e manufacturin

g o r treatmen

tsystems , a continuou s o

r anticipate d discharge o

f proces s wast e water . Amendment

to 40 CFR 117.12. Wit

h respec tt o Typ e C discharges , th e Agenc y als o i s proposin g i n today' s rul e t o amen d 4 0 CF

R _17.12(d)(2)(iii) b y deletin g th s ter

m "operator error " fro

m th e description , o

f "a n upse to r failur e o f a treatmen

tsystem. " ° Tho reason s for

» Sectio n U7.12(d)(2)V»i ) presentl y otateo : (|U ) A n upco t0 7 foHur

a ot a treatmen tsyste m o r o f a proso. 3 producin g a continuou s o r anticipate d Intertaltton tdiccharg,
. tfb.ro th o upoe to r failur e result, fro m a contro l problem , a n operato r error , a syste m failur e o f

malfunctica
. a n equipmen to r oyoto ® otortu p 0 7 shutdown , o n equipmen twash , o r a productio n ochedul o change , provide d tha tsuc h upse to r failur o i o no tcanoe d b y a n on-sit e spil l o f a hazardou s oubotonco
.2727 2 Federa l Registe r / Vol

. 53

. No

. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul y 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s P. 7

th e proposa l to eliminat e th e ter m "operato r error " are : (1 ) Th e us e o

f th e ter m"operato r

error " in describin g a n upse t i s inconsisten t

wit h th e NPDE S regulation s (4

0 CF R 122.41 ) tha t

provid e tha t adischarg e cause d b y a n operato r erro r i s no t a n upset ; an d (2

) th e Agenc y believe s tha t

discharge s cause d b y operato r erro r ar e no t likel y t o b e "continuou s o r

anticipate d intermitten t discharges, " a s provide d b y th e statutor y language

. Th e Agenc y expect s discharge s cause d b y operato r erro r t o b e episodi c an d unpredictable , a s compare d t o discharge s cause d b y syste mstartup s an d shutdowns

. Th e propose d deletio n o

f th e term"operato r error " i s intende d t o enhanc e th e clarit y an d consistenc y o

f th e regulator y languag e an d i s no t

mean t t o signa l a chang e i n policy

. It

i s possibl e tha t unde r som e circumstance s a n operato r erro r ma y caus e afailur e of

atreatmen t syste mo r process , an d produc e a continuou s o r

anticipate d intermitten t discharge

. Suc h adischarg e may mee t th e requirements fo

r afederall y permitte d release

. Th e ter m"upset " a s use d i n 4 0 CF

R Par t 117 , however , generall y wil l b e interprete d t o b e consisten t wit h th e term"upset " i n 4 0 CF R Par t 122 , i.e. , i t

doe s no t includ e incident s cause d b y operationa l error
. Th e Agenc y request s comment s o n it s proposa l t o delet e operato r erro r from4 ® CF R 117.12(d)(2)(iii)

. Conclusion. Unde r

bot h CWA sectio n 31 1 an d CERCLA , an y discharg e of f releas e o f ahazardou s substanc e tha t i s no t federall y permitted , a s describe d above , mus t

b e reported immediatel y t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i f i t exceed s permi t

limit s b y a n R Q os mace ; i f th e hazardou s substanc e discharg e O F releas e i s no t

subjec t t o anumarica l permi t Limi t an y discharg e o r

releas o tha t trigger s apermi t

violatio n an d equal s o r exceed s a n R Q mus t

b o reporte d immediately

. Similarly , unit e 4 0 CF R Par t 110 , an y oi l discharg e tha

. exceed s permitte d level s an d causes
. a_
_ oi l shee n mus t

b e reporte d immediately

. Discharge s exclude d fromCW A sectio n 31 1 coverag e an d defined ! a o federall y permitte d releases unde r CERCL A section s 101(10) (A) , (B)

. an d (C ) ar e subjec t

t o th e CW A sectio n 30

® enforcemen t

provisio n tha t

provide s EP A wit h th e authorit y t o issu e complianc e orders , brin g civi l actions , an d impos e crimina l an d civi l penalties

. In addition , unde r

CW A sectio n 311(b)(8)(D) , i

f th e Federa l governmen t incur s an y cost o o

f remova l of discharge s exclude d b y sectio n 311(a)(2)(C) , th e Federa l governmen t can
. brin g acivi l actio n undo ? th e authorit y provide d b y CWA sectio n 30S{b ) t o recove r

suc h remova l costs

. Furthermore , unde r

CERCL A sectio n 107(j) , th e respons e cost s incurre d b y th e Federa l governmen t

i n connectio n wit h th e federall y permitte d release s define d b y sectio n 101(10

) (B ) an d (C ) ca n b e recovere d throug h acivi l actio n brough t unde r th e authorit y o

f CW A sectio n 309(b)

. Finally , al l thre e exemption s rais e th e issu e o f timelines s o

f notification

. Th e reportin g requirement s fo r release s exempte d fro

mCERCL A reportin g an d liabilit y unde r

sectio n 101(10

) (A) , (B) , an d (C ) an d exclude d fromCW A sectio n 311(a)(2 ) ar e subjec t

t o th e 24-hou

r notificatio n requirements unde r CW A sectio n 402

. Th e Agenc y acknowledge s tha t Congres s recognized tha t th e 20

- hou r reportin g requirement

ma y "creat e gap s i n actio n necessar y t o protec t th e publi c o r th e environment. " (Se e S

. Rep

. No

. 848.83t

h Cong.

. 2n d Sess

. 4 7 (1980). ) Th e legislativ e histor y o

f sectio n 101(10) suggest s tha t

th e Agenc y coul d resolv e thi s issu e b y amendin g th e CW A sectio n 402 reportin g regulatio n t o requir e tha t thos e release s exclude d fromCW A sectio n 31 1 coverag e an d exemp t fro m CERCL A reportin g requirement s b e subjec t t o a n immediat e notificatio n requiremen t

unde r th e CWA sectio n 40 2 NPDE S regulations

. (Ibid. ) Th e Agenc y ha s no t ye t amende d th e NPDE S regulations t o require immediat e notificatio n o

f thos e release s exemp t fromsectio n 31 1 an d CERCLA

. Befor e th e Agenc y propose s t o amen d th e CW A secti n 40 2 NPDE S regulation s (40 C M Par t 122 ) t o revis e th e 24-hou t notificatio n requiremen t

t o a n immediat e notificatio n requiremen t fo r th s exempte d releases , th e Agenc y
. solicit s comment s o n th e "reportin g gap, " particularl y example s of situation s wher ath e 24-hour

notic e wa s no t sufficien t t o protec t

huma n healt h an d th s environment

. Releases Subject

to CWA Section 406 Permits. Discharge s tha t

compl y wit h Q legall y enforceabl e permi t fo r dredg e o r fill material s unde r

sectio n 40

4 o f th e CWA als o ar e federall y permitte d release s exempte d fromth e notificatio n requirement s o

f CERCL A section s 103(a

) an d 103(b)

. Befor

e issuin g thes e permita , th e governmen t

review s th e subatanca o t o b e discharged

. Permit o allowin g th s discharg e of

hazardou s substance s .un
issue d onl y i

f n o significan t

degradatio n of th e aquati c environmen t wil l rssul t Thi s exemptio n applie o t o discfenrga ai m complianc e with th e term s an d condition s o

f eithe r a n individua l O

F <

_ genera l CW A sectio n 4Q

_permi t In regulation s implementin g sectioi a 31 1 of th e CWA fo

r hazardou a substances

. 4 0 CF

R 117.1 2 (bu t

no t th o regulation s fo

r oi l in 40 CF

R Part 110) , EP A exempte d fro

mth e notificatio n requiremen t

no t onl y thos e release s tha t wer e i n complianc e wit h sectio n 40 4 permits , bu t

als o thos e release s tha t wer e exemp t

frompermi t

requirement s unde r sectio n 40

4 o f th e CW A (section s 404(f ) an d 404(r))

. Thes e latte r release s ar e no t "federall y permitte d releases" fo r purpose s o

f CERCL A becaus e sectio n 101(10](D ) i s limite d t o releases i n complianc e with alegall y enforceabl e permi t unde r sectio n 40

4 o f th e CWA

. Th e Agenc y interpret s th e CERCL A notificatio n requirement s t o exemp t onl y thos e release s whos e environmenta l an d healt h effect s hav e bee n evaluate d an d determine d t o b e allowabl e unde r th e appropriat e permi t

program
. Releases from Facilities with Final RCRA Permits. Release s i n complianc e with alegall y enforceabl e RCR A treatment , storage , o r

disposa l final permi t are , pursuan t

t o CERCL

A sectio n 101(10)(E) , federall y permitte d release s whe n th e hazardou s substance s release d ar e specifie d i n th e permi t an d

. subjec t unde r th e permi t

t o aspecifi c limitation , standard , o r

contro l procedur e (se e 4 0 CF

R Part s 28 0 an d 270)

. Identifyin g release s o n th s recor d durin g th e permi t

proces s i s insufficient t o qualif y the mfor

th e sectio n 101(10)(E

) exemptio n because , i n orde r t o b e exempt , th e substance s mus t b e specifie d i n th e permi t

an d subjec t

t o som e permi t

conditio n o r

control

. Fou r commenter s requeste d tha t facilitie s wit h interi mstatu s pursuan t t o sectio n 301.5(e

) o f RCR A an d 4 0 CF

R Part 23 3 b e include d i n th s "federall y permitte d release " definition

. Som e of th e commenter s indicate d tha t i t may b e som e time befor e thss Q facilitie s ar e issue d final permits

. Th

Q legislativ e histor y specificall y reject s applicatio n o f thi s exclusio n t o release d fromfacilitie s wit h interi mstatu s (S

. Rep

. N a84® , 68t h Cong- , 2n d Seas

. 4

Q (18S3))

. Rele@23oPuK.tswt

to Marino Protection. Rssoafsh, md Sanctuaries Act Permits. Secto n 101(10)(F ) o f CERCL A inciude ai n th s definitio n o f a federall y permitte d release , release s in complianc e wit h legall y enforceabl e permit o issue d und® ? sectio n 120 2 (EP A ocea n dumpin g pera-its ) o r sectio n 10 3 (Corp s of Essginserapermit s fo

r ocea n dumpiss Q of

f dredge d materials ) o

f th e Marin e Protection , Research , an d Sanctuarie s Ac t

Pursuan t t o EP A regulation-) , applicant s for ocea n dumpin g permit s mus t

identif y th e physica l on d chemica l propertie s o f th e material s t o b e discharged , an d th s permi t mus t identif y th e material s tha t ma y b e discharge d (OS Q 4 0 CF R Part s 22 1 an d 227)

. Simila

r procedure s an d criteri aP. 8

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday
. July 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s 2727 3 appl y t o permit s fo r ocea n dumpin

g o f dredge d materia l (se e 3 3 CF RPar t324)
. Thes e EP A and Corp s o

f Engineer s permit s cove r substance s tha

tcan b e discharge d lawfully
. Dumpin g o f hazardou s substance s no tspecifically , allowe d in thes e permit

s i s subjectt

o the notificatio n requirement s o f CERCL A sectio n 103(a

) becaus e emergenc y respons e official s shoul d b e made awar e o

f release s notevaluate d previousl y b y a permi

tprogra m fo r healt h an d environmenta

l effects
. Underground

Injections Authorized Pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act. CERCL

A sectio n 101(10)(G

) exempts fro

m the notificatio n requirement

s "an y injectio n o

f fluids " authorized unde

r Federa l injectio n contro l program s o r State program

s submitted fo

r Federa l approva l pursuan t t o Par tC o f the Saf e Drinkin g Wate r Ac t (and no tdisapprove d b y EPA)
. EP A ha s publishe d regulation s establishin g technical standard s an d criteri a (40 CF

R Par t148 ) an d regulation s governing approva l o f State program s and permi

tprocedures (4 0 CF R Part s 122-124)
. Under th e Saf

e Drinkin g Water Act , tb e State s ar e t o take th e primar

y rol e i n implementing the undergroun

d injectio n control program ; EP

A i s t o administe r th e progra m onl y i f the State fail s t

o submit a n approvabl e progra

m withi n a specifie d tim

e period
. Any undergroun d injectio n o

f hazardou s substance s permitted unde

r a State progra

m tha
. ha s bee n approved , o r submitte d an d no tdisapprove d b y EPA
. o r permitted unde r a n EPA-administered program , i s considere d federall y permitted fo r purpose s of

CERCL A notification
. Emissions Subject

to Clean AirAct Controls. Sectio n 101(10)(H ) o f CERCL A provide s a n exemptio n fo r hazardou s substanc e emission s tha

tar e subjectto a Clea n Ai r Ac t(CAA ) permi

to r control regulatio n (se e 4 0 CF

RPart s 52,80,®_
. and 82)
. However , a s state d i n th e preamble t

o th e Ma y 25,188 3 NFRM

. Saa thi s exemptio n t

o apply , any such CA A control s mustb e "specificall y designe d t o limi to r eliminate emission s o

f Q designate d hazardou s pollutanto r a criteri a pollutant. " (Se e S
. Rep
. No
. 848 , 88t h Cong. , 2n

d Sess
. 4 0 (ISSO))
. Th e CA A exemption , therefore , canno tt o read broadl

y t o cove r any an d al l type s o f air emissions
. Moreover , a s today' s propose d rul

e make s clear , fo

r th s exemptio n t

o apply , th e emissio n mus t b e i n complianc e with th s applicabl e permi to r control regulation
. Several commenter

s suggeste d tha

t th e clea r an d unequivoca l natur e o f th s statutor y language mad e elaboratio n o n the CA A exemptio n unnecessary . Generally , thes e commenters took th e vie w tha tth e CA A exemptio n cover s nearly al l ai r emission s becaus e suc h emission s ar

e in on e wa y o

r anothe r controlle d b y the CAA—either directl y becaus e the

y contai n substance s specificall y regulate d b y th e CAA , o r indirectly , fo

r example , throug

h emissio n limitation s establishe d a s par t o f Stat e Implementation Plans (SIPs) approved unde

r sectio n 11 0 o

f the CAA
. Some commenter

s eve n claime d tha

t becaus e control s coul d b e develope d fo r an y hazardou s substance , an y release t

o the ai r i s "subject " t

o CA A controls
. EP A doe s notagree tha

tth e broades t interpretations , unde

r which virtually al l ai r emission s includin g dangerou s episodi c releases woul d b e exemp tfrom CERCL A reporting requirements , coul d hav e bee n intende d b y Congres s unde r sectio n 101(10)
. Moreover, th e exemptio n fo

r "federall

y permitted releases " unde

r CERCL A sectio n 101(10

) als o applie s t

o reportin g o f ai r release s t o State an d loca l government s under Titl e U I o f SARA
. Titl e ID

. which i s th e Emergenc y Planning an d Communit y Right-to-Know Ac tof

1989 , wa s enacte d i n large par

ta s a response t o danger s pose d b y chemical ai r release s t o surroundin

g communities , such a s th e catastrophi c release o

f methy l isocyanat e i n Bhopal , India
. Becaus e Titl e E D wa s intende d t

o addres s particularly th e dangers o f ai r releases, interpreting th e exclusio n fo r federall y permitted release s e o tha taccidenta l ai r release s woul d no tb e reporte d locall y woul d b e directl y contrar y t o th s legislativ e purpose . Similarly , th s purpos e o f notificatio n requirement s unde r sectio n 10

3 o f CERCL A i s t o ensure tha

tth e governmenti s informe d o f any potentiall y dangerou s release s o f hazardou s substance s t

o th s environmentfo r whic h timel y respons e ma y b e necessary . Establishin g a very broad interpretatio n of

CA A controls , a s requeste d b y th e commenters , coul d eliminate virtuall y any CERCL A reporting o

f ai r emission s and , thus , th e potential for earl y Federa l responses ; such a n approac h woul d eviscerat e no t onl y th e Congressional intentbu tals o th e majo r purpos e o

f th s sectio n 10

3 notificatio n requiremen t I n addition , som e commenters urge d EP A t o interpre tth s federall y permitted releas e exemptio n t

o includ e an y ai r emissio n from a permitted source . Some o f the commenters use d th s word "reviewed " almos tinterchangeabl y with th e wor d "permitted. " A "reviewed " releas e i s notnecessaril y a "permitted " releas e o r a controlle d release. A permitted releas e i

o a n allowabl e release o f a specifi c substanc e o r emission
. A reviewe d release generall y ma y b e on e o

f man y release s from a permitte d sourc e tha

ti s being checke d fo r compliance wit

h a variet y o f law s an d regulations
. The inclusio n o f a pollutanti s a SI

P revie w provisio n i s not equivalen tt

o subjectin g the pollutantt o CA A requirements o r control s "designe d specificall y t

o limito r eliminate " the pollutan t(Se e S
. Rep
. No
. 848 , SSt h Cong. , 2n d Sess
. 49 (1980))
. A reviewe d release , therefore , i s notnecessaril y a federall y permitted release. Several commenter

s state d tha

tthe ai r releas e exemptio n shoul d appl y broadly t o substance s such a s volatil e organic compound s (VOC ) o r tota l suspende d particulate s (TSP ) regulated under th e CA

A (includin g thos e regulated unde

r approved State programs)
. The commenter s claime d tha ta permi to r regulator

y limito n suc

h categorical emission s in effec t constitute s a limi

to n eac h constituen tin th e group . EP

A generall y agree s wit

h thi s position , bu

tagain i s concerne d tha

t a n overbroa

d interpretation o

f th e air releas e exemptio n coul d resulti n nonreporting o

f dangerous chemica

l releases
. A larg

e releas e o

f a substanc e fro m a pressur

e releas e valv e ove r a shor tperio d o f tim e coul d b e withi n a VO C limitestablishe d fo

r a source , ye t coul d pos e a threa

tt o nearb y residents
. Althoug h th e categorical limit

s indirectl y restricteac h constituent , thos e limits wer e establishe d base d o n routine emission s ove r a specifi c averagin g time , an d wer e no tpredicate d o n a n upse to r excursio n fro

m norma l operations
. Th e Agency doe s no t believe , therefore , tha

tsuc h a n upse to

r excursio n shoul d b e considere d "permitted " withi n th e meaning o f sectio n 101(10)(H

) of CERCLA
. EP A i s solicitin g publi c commen t toda y o n thre e approache s t o distinguishin g emission s permitted unde r th e CA A from release s tha

tcoul d create potential hazard s t o surroundin

g area s an d fo

r whic h timel y notificatio n under CERCL

A an d Titl e I

E i s necessary . Unde r th e firstapproach , EP A woul d interpre

tth e ai r releas e exemptio n i n a manner similar t o th e exemptio n fo

r release s regulate d unde r th e CWA
. Thus , ai r releases woul d b e permitted t

o th e exten ttha

tth e constituen thasardou s substance s hav e bee n identified , reviewed , an d made par to f th e publi c recor

d durin g the permi tissuance , State implementatio n plan , o r regulatio n developmen tproces s fo r th e pollutanttha

tinclude s th e hazardou s substance
. The exemptio n woul d notexten d t

o release s of constituen thazardou s substance s o f a permitted o

r regulated pollutant categor y tha tar e no tidentifie d expressl y o n th e recor

d wit h respec tt

oP. 9

2727 4 Federa l Regists ? / Vol

. 53

. No

. 13 8 /

Tuesday

. Jul y 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s
th e applicabl e permi t

o r contro l program
. Onc e th e constituen t hazardou s substanc e ha d bee n identifie d an d reviewe d appropriately , th e limitatio n o n th e categor y o f emission s o

f hazardou s substance s woul d provid e th e "permi t o r contro l regulation " neede d fo

r applicatio n of

th e sectio n 101(10)(H) exemption

. A specifi c issu e o n whic h th e Agenc y solicit s comment s i s th e inclusio n o f negativ e determination s unde r

th e CAA sectio n 11 2 programi n th e exemption

. Th e secon d approac h woul d interpre t broadl y th e regulator y program s governin g pollutant s fo

r whic h a Nationa l Ambien t

Ai r Qualit y Standar d (NAAQS ) ha s bee n establishe d unde r CA A sectio n 109

. Thes e program s ar e develope d unde r

CA A sectio n 11 1 Ne w Sourc e Performanc e Standard s (NSP3 ) o r CAA sectio n 11 0 Stat e Implementatio n Plan s (SIPs)

. Unde r thi s approach , EP

A woul d distinguis h betwee n emission s o

f hazardou s substance s tha t

ar e VOC s an d regulate d a s precursor s of

ozone , an d constituent s o f th e othe r NAAQ S pollutants

. Fo r example , emission s o f

constituent s of particulat e matte r

woul d b e considere d "subjec t t o apermi t

o r contro l regulation " and , therefore , exemp t from notificatio n requirements

. Emission s of individua l VOCs , however , woul d no t b s considere d subjec t

t o permi t o r contro l regulation s solel y becaus e the y ar e indirectl y controlle d b y regulation s limitin g tota l VO C emissions

. Thes e emission s o

f individua l VOC o i n amount s equa l t o o r

i n exces s of

a n RQ , consequently , woul d b e subjec t t o notificatio n requirements

. Thi s approac h i s base d o n th o recognitio n tha t

fo r five o f th s present

. NAAQ S (sulfur

dioxide , particulat e matter , nitroge n oxides , lead , ant

carbo n monoxide ) th e standard s i n eoe-
. cas e ar e base d o n th e evidenc e offhsoltj

effect s o f thos e emissions

. I n coateooi o emission s o

f VOC s ar e regulate d feacs^l o n thei r reactivit y an d oDssfisquan

. contributio n t o th e creatio n of f aral-fai

ozon e level s fo

r whic h NAAQ S hav o bee n se t I n settin g th e osraae NAAQ S ffi? establishin g emissio n limitation s fe e VOCs , n o consideratio n wa s give n to an y direc t healt h effect s of

asabiea

. concentration s of

tota l o r an y constituen t

VOC

. A s aresult , interpretin g VO C emissio n limitation s to subsum e consideratio n o f th s possibl e healt h effect s of

constituent s appear s to b e inappropriate

. Usin g thi s interpretation , asubstanc e woul d b ® considere d federall y permitte d i f i t i s o constituen t

of , and , therefore , limite d b y regulation s o r

standard s for , an y o

f th s five pollutant s enumerate d above , bu t no t i f i t i s limite d b y standard s fo r VOCs

. Reportabl e quantitie s fo

r th e purpos e o f releas e notificatio n requirement s ar e establishe d t o ensur e appropriat e respons e t o episodi c releases o f hazardou s substance s tha t hav e potentia l advers e healt h an d environmenta l effects

. A larg e releas e of a n individua l VO C i n aquantif y equa l t o o r i n exces s of

a n R Q may b e withi n tota l VO C emissio n limit s an d ma y mak e anegligibl e contributio n t o ozon e formation , whic h i s affecte d b y photochemica l conditions , meteorology , an d th e contribution s o

f othe r VO C sources
. Suc h areleas e may , nonetheless , potentiall y endange r huma n healt h becaus e of

th e toxicity of th e individua l substance

. Fo r example , unde r

CA A sectio n 111 , EP A establishe d control s o n th e rubbe r tir e manufacturin g industr y limitin g VO C emission s fo

r amedium-size d plan t t o approximatel y 40 0 ton s pe c year , o r abou t 1. 1 ton s pe r

day

. Predominan t

VOC s emitte d to th e manufacturin g proces s ar e whit s gasolin e an d petroleu mnaptha

. Toluene , xylene , ketones , an d ester s ar e als o use d throughou t

th e industry

. (<3

© M 2678 , Septembe r

15,1983. ) A releas e o n on e da y o f a n R Q o r mor s of on e o f thes e VO C constituents , suc h a s 1000 pound s of toluene , althoug h withi n th s tota l VO C releas e limi t

o f approximatel y 1 to n ps r da y ma y pos s athrea t

t o huma n healt h o r

th e environmen t becaus e th e tota l VO C limitatio n i s base d o n controllin g th e formatio n oi ozone , aa d no t

o n th e toxicit y of

toluen e o r anothe r o f th e VO C emissio n constituents

. Th e Agenc y woul d fak e th e positio n tha t

interpretin g NSP 3 o r

SU ? VO C emissio n limitation s t o subsum e consideratio n of

f th e possibl e healt h effesto of f suc h VO C constituents , an d thereb y exemp t

the mfromnotificatio n requiremsnto , i s inappropriate

. Thus , EPA woul d requir e notificatio n of f relsass s of

f VO C constituent s i n amount s equivalen t

t o o r greate r tha n a n R Q unde r th s secon d approach

. A s athir d option , EP

A coul d inteipfQ

th e CAA federall y permitte d relsac a exclusio n t o appl y onl y t o release s tho t ar e subjec t

to aCA A permi t

o r contro l regulatio n an d tha t

ar e eithe r

th o "routine " emission s for

whic h th e p-Sta.

. o r contro l regulatio n wa s designe d o ? to complianc s wit h aspecifi c standar d fer release of f tha t substanc e specifie d i n th s permi t o r regulation

. Unpermitted , nonroutin e release s woul d includ e upset s fromsuc h device s a s pressur e releas e valves , storag e tan k reacto r vessels , o r

sudde n release s fro

mvalv e an d pip e ruptures , equipmen t failure , an d emergenc y startup s an d shutdowns

. EP A requests comment s o n thes e alternative s fo

r definin g th e scop e of

th e ai r release exemption

. Specifically , EP A request s comment s distinguishin g release s o f ozon e precursor s (VOC ) constituent s fromrelease s of f constituent s o

f othe r categorica l pollutant s controlle d b y NAAQS

. EP A als o i s solicitin g commen t o n th e "routine " vs
. "nonroutine " distinctio n an d th e nee d t o defin e "routine " in term s f o specifi c emissio n point s o r circumstances , an d solicit s comment s o n wha t emissio n point s shoul d b e included

. I n addition

. EP

A i s concerne d tha t th e first approac h ma y lea d t o overreportin g o

f routine release s subjec t t o adequat e contro l unde r existin g regulator y o r

permi t limit s tha t

coul d diver t resources fromrelease s requiring immediat e response
. EP

A solicit s informatio n o n th s numbe r o f facilitie s an d type s o

f release s tha t

woul d require reportin g unde r

thes e approaches , an d th e type s of

f release s tha t

woul d b o exclude d unde r

eithe r approach , particularl y wit h respec t

t o an y potentiall y dangerou s release s tha t ma y be

. excluded

. In addition , th e Nationa l Emissio n Standard s for

Hazardou s Ai r

Pollutant s (NESHAPs ) limit s fo

r radionuclide s ar e health-base d annua l limits , wherea s radionuclid e RQ s ar e reportin g trigger s base d o n 24-hour

releases

. Th e Agenc y wil l requir e arepor t

i f a n R Q abov e an y annualNI3HA P limi t

i s release d i n a 24-hour period

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s o n th s numbe r of f facilitie s an d type s of

f release s tha t

ma y requir e reporting. 0 Injection of

Matarials Ralatad

to Development

of Crad<3 Oil

or Natural Gaa Supplies. Ih e injectio n of f material s relate d t o th s predilectio n o f crud e oil , natura l gas , c ? watcu

r i s considere d a federall y gteraiitte d releas e i f th s injectio n materia l i s authorize d specificall y undb r

applicabl e Stat e law

. Becaus e i t

i s probabl e tha t

al l conceivabl e injectio n mode s ar e no t considere d i n Stat e laws , EPA , i n th s preambl e t o th s May 25,163 3 NPRM , interprete d th e section

. 101(10)(I ) provisio n t o sxflmp t

onl y thos e activitie s o r material s tha t

ore authorize d 

# 0

0 I n Uqjtij-u i d tt_ ) flffi-! ni b odtnotirTS th o R Q far r_dioaucMc 3 (t s b o ps-ii&G- l to 1E23)
. th o Agcstc y ha o prepare d a a Bcuntuni
- impac tAnalyst , that ootimato o th a esa tt o th
. governmen tan d regulate d communit y cascx/ d b y t_ o revise d radionuclid e R Q reportte o rc-jBteffisato. Thi s dos_men ti o avoilobl c fo r pu-dfc c iaopcESSs o I

n Roo m LG-lOtt , VS. • Environmenta l Protcclic a Agar-:;
. 40 1 M Street
. SW.
. Washington
. O C 2046 0 (Docke tNumbe r 102RQ-RN)
._PJLQ

_

m I Vo L 53 , No

. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul y 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s 2727 S specificall y b y Stat e law , rathe r tha n thos e tha t ar e no t prohibite d b y Stat e law

. Thi s interpretatio n ensure s tha t th e appropriat e authoritie s hav e consciousl y xonsidere d an d intentionall y authorized th e injectio n activities an d material s tha t ar e t o b e exemp t

fromnotificatio n requirement s an d tha t

th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r

wil l b e mad e awar e immediatel y o

f th e potential nee d t o respon d t o release s tha t

hav e no t bee n evaluate d previousl y b y apermittin g authority

. EP A interpret s th e sectio n 101(10)(I ) exemptio n t o appl y onl y t o thos e material s specificall y authorise d b y Stat e la w t o b e use d i n activitie s whos e sol e purpos e i s th e productio n of f crud e oil , natura l gas
. o r

water ; th e recover y of

f crud e oi l o r

natura l gas ; o r

th s reinjectio n o

f fluid s brough t

to th e surfac e fro

msuc h production

. Som e commenter s objecte d t o thi s interpretatio n an d instea d supporte d a broade r interpretatio n tha t

woul d exemp t fromCERCL

A notificatio n al l material s use d i n ga s an d oi l field operations

. Th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r mus t b e notifie d i n an y situates

. involvin g th s us e o

f injectio n Quid s o r material s tha t

ar e no t authorize d specificall y b y Stat e la w fo r purpose s of

f th e developmen t

o f crud e oi l o r

natura l ga s supplie s an d resultin g i n areleas e of f ahazardou s substanc e i n a n amoun t tha t equal s o r exceed s th e applicabl e RQ

. Thi s wil l allo w a n immediat e evaluatio n O

f th e nee d fo

r aresponss
. Introduction of

Pollutants into Publicly Owned

Treatment

Works. A releas e t o aPublicl y Owne d Treatms M Work s (POTW ) i s subjec t to th s federall y permitte d release euEEapta aL

. th e releas e i s (1 ) i n complianc e wit h applicabl e categorica l prstrestmen

. standard s an d loca l limit s dsvslops d to accordanc e wit h 40 CF

R <__3_S{c} , co d (2 } int o aPOT

W wit h a n approve d leso

E pretreatmen t

progra mas a8 -SflMEjo

J State-administere d loca l pro^asa

. GE O o f th e commenter s O

H th e May 23 , _£_3 NPR M suggeste d tha t

th o Agenc y broade n it s approac h t o th s POTW exemptio n to provid e tha t tfe adic^arg p

- b e i n complianc s onl y zAth gsaori-A pretreatmen t

req^u^®_nsnt

s an d __B

_wifiE

site-spscifi c requirements

. Th s Agensj ? believe s tha t

fo r POT W t o h a considere d "federall y permitted, " ns
. onl y mus t th e hazardou s suhstans s b o o pollutan t specifie d i n applicabl e pretreatmen t

standard s an d th e rdeao o o f th e pollutan t

b e i n compliame s vntih th e categorica l pretreatmen t standardo , bu t th e releas e als o mus t

b o i n complianc e with th e loca l limit s develope d o n th e basi s o

f th e site

specifi c conditions , becaus e th e . categorica l standard s alon e ma y no t b e adequat e t o addres s th e impac t o f pollutant s o n th e POTW

. Therefore , eve n thoug h arelease int o aPOT W i s i n complianc e wit h th e categorica l pretreatmen t

standards , th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r

mus t b e notifie d i

f th s releas e exceed s th e loca l limit s b y a n R Q o r more , becaus e th e releas e may caus e interferenc e wit h th e POTW' o processe s o r

ma y pas s throug h th s POT W to th e navigabl e waters , eiths ? of f whic h may resul t

i n asituatio n requirin g a n emergenc y response
. Thi s exemptio n applie s onl y t o industria l user s 4 dischargin g t o POTWs ; aPOTW i o subjec t to CERCL

A reportin g an d liabilit y provision s i

f it s discharg e of

f a hazardou s substanc e violate s it s NPDE S permi t b y a n R Q o r

more
. POTW s ar e no t require d t o repor t

hazardou a substance s tha t

ar e travelin g throug h thei r collectio n system s i n quantitie s tha t equa l o r excee d RQs ; however , th s industria l use r

I s responsibl e fe s reporting suc h release s int o th s collectio n system

. Section s 307(b)(1 ) an d (c ) of th e CW A direc t EP A t o establis h pretraatmen

. standard s "t o preven t

th e discharg e of

f an y pollutan t

throug h treatmen t

work s ° ° ° whic h ar e publicl y owned , whic h pollutan t interfere s with , passe s through , o r

i s otherwis e incompatibl e with suc h works. " Thae s section s addres s th s problem s create d h y discharge s o

f pollutant s frra_ nondomesti c source s t o municipa l sewag e treatmen t

work s tha t

intarfsc Q wit h th e POT

W o r pas s thrjKig

h ths

. POT W to navigabl e wates o untreate d w inadequatel y treated

. Prateaatoea& H standard s ar e intende d to provaEs

. thoo Q problem s fromoccurring ; b y reqiairin g nondomesti c user s of

f POTW s to prstoaa

. thei r waste s befor e dischafgfes g tfes ato th s POTW

. I n 1977 , Congres s a__wsb d sectio n 402(b)(8 ) o f

th s CWA t o ps^isar

o POTW s t o hel p regulat e ths k ladeotDfiQ

user s b y establishin g losa ! program o to ensur e tha t

industria l user s conf_p_

y raifc pretreatmen t

standards

. I n establishin g th s nationa l pretreatmen t

progra mto achiev e thee® pretreatmen t

goals , th s Agenc y adopte d abroad-base d regulator y approac h tha t implements th e statutor y prohibition!- ) agains t pas s throug h an d tata-fesstso a
. tw o basi c levels

. Th e first i s thsrosgf e th s promulgatio n o

f nationa l catsgosteo t standard s tha t

appl y to usssicm industria l use s withi n sslscte d categorie s of

f industrie s tha t

conwaos-l y discharg e toxic pollutants

. Categoffko l standard o establis h numerical ,

4 "Industria l can. " o o t£x > termk > uco d te ttsl

o discussion , h-ri-afc n oa& b a_aro_ o dfcriiafc^ o hazardou s oobotonco o t s o POTW

. technology-base d discharg e limit s derive d froma n assessmen t of th e type s an d amount s of

f pollutan t discharge s tha t typicall y interfer e wit h o r pas s throug h POTW s wit h secondar y treatmen t farihtieo

. Th e potentia l fo

r man y pas s throug h o r interferenc e proMeja adepend s no t onl y o n th e natur e of

f th e discharg e bu t als o o n loca l condition s (e.g. , th e typ e of f treatmen t pKtcss s use d b y th e POTW , loca l wate r

quality , POTW s tfeaswi metho d for

handlin g sh&dge) , an d thu s need s t o b e addresse d o n acase-by-cas e basis

. Example s of

f suc h problem s includ e discharge s to aPOTW tha t ma y consis t of f pollutant s no t

covere d b y a categorica l standar d o r

from nondomesti c source s tha t ar e no t i n on e of f th e industria l categorie s regulate d b y th e categorica l standards

. Becaus e categorica l standard s ar e establishe d industry-wide , the y canno t conside r site-specifi c condition s an d therefor e ma y no t b e adequat e t o preven t

al l pas s throug h an d interferenc e eve n fo r th e regulate d pollutants

. EPA' s Genera l Pretreatmen t

Regulation s (-8

0 CE R Par t 403 ) addres s thes e area s o f concern
. First

. 40 CF

R 403.3(b ) establishe s specifi c prohibition s tha t

appl y t o a

H nondomesti c user s an d ar e designe d t o guard agains t

commo n type s o

f pollutan t discharge s tha t

ma y resul t

i n interferenc e an d pas s throug h (e.g. , n o discharg e of

f flammable

. explo8ive,o r corrosiv e pollutants)

. Second , 4 0 CF R 403.5(a ) establishe s agenera l prohibitio n agains t

pas s throug h an d interferenc e tha t

serve s a s abacku p standar d t o addres s localize d problem s tha t occur
. I n addition , POTW s mus t develo p an d enforc e specifi c loca l limit s a s par t of thei r loca l pcetreatmen t program s t o preven t

pas s throug h an d interference

. FOTW s no t

require d to develo p pretreatmen t

program s als o mus t develo p loca l lis_it s i

f the y hav e recurrin g pas s throug h an d interffersne o (se e 4 9 CF

R 403.5(0))

. Th e fjreteeatmsn t

standard s aPOTW use r mus t ntse t to clai mth e federall y permitte d miose s exs-apte mimslud s bot h appikaht o switfwnl categorica l standard s wa

^ otsadasd o aoftablishs d b y loca l lar ae o dsosibsd l bslaw

. Complianc e osd$? wi!_

_th o genera ! an-

_ specifi c psohi-tdt-SH

a(<H 5 C M £09.5{a] | en d (b) ) of f th s gonero
. pretseatraen

. regulation aL

o imovfficfojif

t to qualif y a releas e a s __H__sal_s

7 psamMSsi

i

. Onl y loso l M_3_t

o ap_ri£-fflll!f

3 (t o th s pollutant , dsvetejjs d feaQcgcrdani- Q wit h 4 0 CF R C5®.S(cB, OHM

S dssijpts d t o implemen t

th e genera l prohibitio n -agains t intesferaaiiK

S an d pas s throug h ( § 403.3(a)) , ca n cpolif

y th s releas e of

f suc h pollutan t

a aafederall y permitte dP.1 1

2727 ® Federa l Registe r / Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul

y 19 , 198 8 /

Propose d Rule s
release
. Th e developmen to f loca l limits unde r 4 0 CF R403.5(c ) involve s three basi c steps . First

, a POT W mus t determin e which , i

f any , o f the pollutants discharge d b y it s industria l user s hav e a reasonabl e potentia l t o pas s throug

h o r interfer e wit h th e POTW
. Fo r eac h o f th e pollutant

s th e POT W conclude s ma

y b e o f concern , th e POT W mus tthen determine the maximu m amoun to f the pollutantitcan accep t(maximu

m headwork s loading ) and stil l preventthe occurrence o f pas s throug h o r interference
. Finally/afte r maximu m allowabl e headwork s loading s ar

e determine d fo

r eac h o f the pollutants o

f concern , the POT

W must implemen ta syste m o

f local limits applicabl e t

o industria

l user s t o assur e tha tthes e loading s wil l notb e exceeded
. EP A believe s tha

tonl y loca l limits tha thav e bee n develope d base d upon procedure s tha

tevaluat e the site
specifi c characteristic s an d treatmen t capabilitie s o

f a POT W shoul d qualif

y th e releas e o

f th e pollutantfo

r th e exemption
. Suc

h a n extensiv e analysi s i s neede d t

o assur e tha

tpas s throug

h an d interferenc e problem s d o notarise
. A discharg e o

f a pollutantb y a

n industria l use r in complianc e wit

h a loca l limi tno tdesigne d usin g thes e procedure s ma

y no taddres s the statutor y prohibition s agains tpas s throug h and interference o

r provid e th e requisit e degre e o

f environmenta

l protectio n t

o qualif y fo r the federall y permitted releas e exemption
. Thus , a releas e tha

texceed s b y a

n R Q o r mor e a n applicabl e categorical pretreatmen

tstandard o

r a loca l limit develope d in accordanc e wit h 4 0 CF R 403.5(c ) mus tb e reported. Moreover , th e absenc e of

a categorical pretreatmen t standard o

r a loca l limitfo

r a specifi c pollutantpreclude s coverag e fo r release s o f tha tpollutantunde

r th e federall y permitted releas e exemption
. If f a n industria

l use r release s a

n R Q o r mor e o f a hazardou s substanc e int o a POT W tha tha s no tse ta loca l limi tfo r suc h a substance , o r fo

r which ther

e i s no limitbase d o n a categorical standard , the n the releas e i s no tfederall y permitted an d i s subjectt o CERCL A reporting an d liabilit

y provisions
. Furthermore, th e releas e o f a pollutant t o a POT W onl y woul d qualif

y fo r th e federall y permitted releas e exemptio n if f (1 ) the POT

W ha s a loca l pretreatmen t progra m approve d b y the "approve d authority " (a s define d i n § 403.3(c)) , o r (2 ) a State , i n lieu o

f th e municipality , i s implementin g a pretreatmen tprogra m for tha tPOT W pursuan

tt o 4 0 CF R 403.10(e)
. Sectio n 101(10)(J

) provide s tha

tth e pretreatmen

tprogra m mustb e "submitted b y a State o

r municipalit

y for Federa

l approval. " The Agenc y interpret s thi s provisio n t

o mea n tha t th e progra

m notonl y mus

tb e submitted fo r approva l bu tmus tb e approved
. A stric treading o

f the statutor

y language woul d b e contrar

y t o th e expresse d congressional inten

ttha tdischarge s o

f hazardou s substance s into sewe r system s qualif

y a s federall y permitted release s onl y i

f the y ar e authorized unde r a pretreatmen

tprogra m (S
. Rep
. No
. 848,93t

h Cong. , 2n

d Sess
. 48 (1980))
. Th e fac ttha ta POT W ha s submitte d a progra m fo r approva l doe s not necessaril y mean th e progra m i s adequat e t o contro l the introduction o

f pollutant s fro m nondomesti c user s o

f th e POTW
. Suc h a progra

m ma y notb e approved b y the approva

l authorit y due t o majo r deficiencies
. Fo

r the discharg e t o b e a federall y permitted release , therefore , i tmus tb e specificall y regulate d in a

n approved program

, a progra m tha tth e approva

l authorit y ha s determine d i s consisten twit h the federall y mandate d minimu m standard
. A n approve d progra

m ma y b e (1 ) designe d an d implemente d locall y b y a POT W an d approved b y eithe r EP A o r a n EPA-approve

d State pretreatmen

t program, o r (2) designe d and implemente d b y a

n EPA-approve

d Stat e pretreatmen

tprogram. EP

A approva

l of f a State pretreatmen

tprogra m pursuan

t t o sectio n 402(b ) o

f th e CW A woul d no t automaticall y qualif

y a release t

o a POT W in tha tState a s federall y permitted
. Th e loca l pretreatmen t progra m mus tb e approve d eithe r b y EP A o r b y a n EPA-approve

d State program . Generally , EP

A approva

l o f a State pretreatmen

tprogra m merely change s th e approva

l authorit y fo r th e POT W program

s fro m EP A to th e EPA
approve d State pretreatmen tprogram. Th e approve d State ha s primar y responsibilit

y fo r requirin g loca l POTW

s t o develo p an d implemen

ta pretreatmen

tprogra m t o regulat e user s directly
. Th e fac

ttha ta State pretreatmen

tprogra m ha s bee n approve d b y EP

A doe s notin an d o

f itsel f chang e the qualit

y o r approvabilit

y o f loca l POT

W programs . POTWs i n approve d State s woul d stil l nee d t o develo p loca l pretreatmen tprogram s an d receive pretreatmen

tprogra m approva l i f they hav e no tdon e s o already
. Thus , t

o satisf y th e federall y permitted release exemption , individual approva l o f eac h POT

W pretreatmen

t progra m i s necessar y (excep tfo r a State administere d § 403.10(e) program-a s describe d below)
. Sectio n 403.10(e ) allow s th e Stat e i n lieu o f the POT W t o assum e responsibilit

y fo r developin g an d implementin g POT

W pretreatmen

t progra m requirements
. Becaus e th e § 403.10(e ) progra m mus tmeetth e sam e standar d a s woul d b e require

d fo r pretreatmen

tprogram s develope d b y a municipalit

y ( § 403.8(f))
. EP

A believe s tha tthe § 403.10(e

) program s ar e the Stat e pretreatmen

tprogram s Congres s intende d t

o includ e unde

r sectio n 101(10)(I)
. I n the even ttha

ta State' s § 403.10(e

) progra m doe s no texten d t

o al l it s POTWs
. onl y thos e release s t o POTW s fo r whic h the State ha s implemented the pretreatmen

tprogra m pursuan

tt o g 403.10(e ) woul d qualif

y a s federally permitted
. I

f a POT W i s no tregulate d directl y b y it s Stat

e NPDE S program

, the POT W nevertheles s mus

timplemen

ta n approved loca l pretreatmen tprogra m i n orde r fo r th e discharge s o

f industria l user s t o qualif y fo r th e federally permitted releas e exemption
. I n summary, fo

r a release t

o a POT W t o b e subjectt

o th e federall y permitte

d releas e exemption , th e releas e mus tbe : (1 ) I n complianc e wit

h applicabl e categorical pretreatmen

tstandard s and loca l limit

s develope d i n accordanc e wit h 4 0 CF R 403.3(c) , an d (2) int

o a POT W with a n approved loca l pretreatmen

tprogra m o r a 4 0 CF

R 403.10(e) State administere d loca l program. One o f th e commenter

s o n the Ma

y 25 , 198 3 NPR M state d tha

tdischarge s int

o a POT W ar e transfer s betwee n facilities , no t"int o th e environment, " and therefor e al l discharge s int

o POTW s shoul d b e exemp tfrom CERCL A reporting. The commenter' s approac h t o defining "int

o th e environment " i s not consisten twit

h th e approac

h i n today' s proposal
. T o determine whethe r it s releas e i s federall y permitted , therefore , a n industria

l use r shoul d measure it s discharg e a

tthe pointth e substanc e leave s th e industria

l user' s facility
. I

n th e cas e o f indirec tdischargers , th e releas e shoul d b e measure d whe n i t leave s th e discharger' s building
. Mobil e source s shoul d measur

e th e discharg e a I th e pointiti s release d int o the POTW

, which wil l b e a

tth e headwork s in mos t cases . Industria

l user s ar e no trequire

d under CERCL

A t o conductmonitorin

g activitie s differen

tfrom thos e require

d b y th e applicabl e pretreatmen tprogram. Releases of

Source. Byproduct, or Special NuclearMaterial. Radionuclide s (which includ e source , byproduct, an d specia l nuclea r material ) ar e liste d genericall y unde

r sectio n 11 2 o f th e CA A an d ar e therefor e considere d hazardou s substance s unde r CERCLA

. CERCL A sectio n 101(22)(C) , however , exclude s fro

m th e definitio n o

f "release " th e discharg e of

: source , byproduc tor specia l nuclea r materia l fro m a nuclear incident , a

o thos e term

s ar e 

# IP.1 2

Fedoira l Kegistai r

/ Vo L 53 , No

. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul y 19 , 198 3 / Propose d Rule s

define d i n th e Atomi c Energ y Ac to f 1934 , i f suc h releaoa i o subjec tt o requirement s wit h
. respec tt o financia l protectio n establishe d b y th e Nuclea r Regulator y Comsnisoio a unde r sectio n 17 0 o f

suc h Ac tor . fo r th e purpose s o f sectio n 10
. o f

thi s titl e o r on y othe r respons e action , an y releas e o i source , byproduct , o r specia l nuclea r materia l from an y processin g sit e designate d unde r sectio n 102(a)(1 ) o r 302(a ) o f

th e Uraniu m Mil l Tailing
. Radiatio n Contro l Ac to f 197 8 [UMTRCA ) It shoul d b e note d tha t

releases o

f source , byproduc t

o r specia l nuclea r materia l fro

mprocessin g site s designate d unde r

sectio n 102(a)(1 ) o r sectio n 302(a

) UMTRC A ar e exempte d fro mCERCL A respons e actio n provision s bu t

no t fromreportin g requirement s unde r

CERCL A sectio n 103

. CERCL A sectio n 101(10)(K

) include s withi n th e definitio n of

federall y permitte d release , release s of source , byproduc t

o r specia l nuclea r

materia l tha t compl y wit h th e condition s o f a legall y enforceabl e license , permi t regulation , o r

orde r issue d pursuan t

to th e Atomi c Energ y Ac t

(AEA)

. Therefore , release s of

source , byproduct , o r specia l nuclea r

materia l tha t

excee d th e license d o r

permitte d level s b y a n RQ o r more , an d tha t

ar e no t exclude d b y sectio n 101(22) , mus t

b e reported immediatel y t o th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. Unde r th e AEA

. th e Nuclear Regulatory Commissio n i s responsibl e fo r issuin g license s fo

r th e possessio n an d us e o f source , byproduc t

an d specia l nuclea r

material

. State s tha t hav e entere d int o a n agreemen t wit h th e Nuclea r Regulatory Commissio n (Le. , Agreemen t

States ) ar e als o authorize d unde r th e AE A t o issu e license s fo

r th e possessio n an d us e of

source , byproduc t

o r specia l nuclea r

material

. Release s o

f source , byproduc t

o r specia l nuclea r materia l i n complianc e with license s issue d b y th e Nuclear Regulatory Commissio n o r Agreement ! State s ar e federall y permitte d release s unde r CERCL A sectio n 101(10)(K)

. Th e regulation s of

th e Nuckan ? Regulatory Commissio n contai n severa l • importan t exemption s fromthei r provisions , som e of

whic h ar e base d o n th e smal l quantitie s of

f materia l involve d o r th e lo w level s of

radioactivit y th e material s emit

. Th e Nuclea r Regulatory Commissio n ha s develope d "exempte d quantities " for

purpose s o

f identifyin g facilitie s tha t

ar e no t subjec t t o Commissio n licensin g requirements

. Thes e quantitie s ar e smalle r tha n th s radionuclid e RQ s and

. therefore , release s fro

mthes e facilitie s wil l no t b e reporte d unde r

CERCLA

. Nevertheless , thes e release s ar e no t

federall y permitte d unde r CERCL A and , therefore , thes e facilitie s ar e subjec t t o th s CERCL A sectio n 10

7 liabilit y provisions

. - Som e release s o

f source , byproduc t an d specia l nuclea r

materia l ma y compl y with licenses , permits , orders , o r regulation s issue d unde r

th s AE A throug h provision s administere d no t b y th e Commissio n o r

it s Agreemen t

States , bu t b y DOE , th e Departmen t o f Defense , o r EPA

. Fo r example , DOE govern s it s radiatio n protectio n activitie s unde r th s AE A b y aserie s o

f interna l orders

. Whe n suc h order s ar e issue d unde r DOE' s AE A authorit y an d release s of f source , byproduc t

o r specia l nuclea r materia l ar e i n complianc e wit h th s applicabl e orderfs) , thes e release s ar e federall y permitte d unde r sectio n 101(10)(K). ° Th e Departmen t o f Defens e issue s regulations unde r

th e AEA governin g weapon s an d reactor s withi n it s jurisdiction , an d EP

A issue s regulation s unde r

th e AEA fo

r certai n operation s involvin g radioactiv e materia l (e.g ~ 4 0 CF

R Part s ISO , 18fi , an d 192)

. Release s o f

source , byproduct , o

v specia l nuclea r

materia l i n complianc e wit h thes e regulation s ar e als o federall y permitte d unde r

sectio n 10i(lOXK)

. An y releas e tha t

i s a n R Q o r

mor s abov e federall y permitte d levels , howsver , woul d b e subjec t

to th e CEKCLA

. notificatio n requirements

. Furthe r clarificatio n i s neede d regardin g th e applicabilit y of f th e definitio n of

federall y permitte d release s to afourt h categor y o

f radioactiv ® materia l calle d naturall y occurrin g an d accelerator-produce d radioactiv e materia l (NARM)

. Th e AR A give s DOB broa d authorit y to contro l it s radiation

relate d activitie s an d to protec t publi c healt h an d safety an d th e environmen t Thi s authorit y applie s t o activitie s involvin g NARM , a s wel l a s activitie s involvin g source , byproduct , an d specia l nuclea r material

. CERCL

A sectio n 101(10)(K ) refers , however , onl y t o release s of

source , byproduc t

an d specia l nuclea r

material

. Thus , i t provide s n o basi s fo

r exemptin g DOE' s NAR M release s fromCERCLA' s reportin g an d liabilit y provisions

. Furthermore , th e AE

A currentl y doe s no t giv e authorit y t o th e Nuclear Regulatory Commissio n t o licens e NARM , onl y source , byproduc t an d

° Unde r the DO B procureraeit

tregulottaao. provision o o f the relevan

tDO E environmenta

l and safet y orster o moo tb e incorporate

d b y reference

) int o contract

s entered int

o oit b moncgor

o arcoperator s o f DO E facilitteo (oc

a 40 CF B E7&2EBS--

, 970.5204-2
. 970.SMM--6(b))
. B y virtco o f thai
. incorporatio

n int o bindin g contractu , th

o provision s o f th e DO E order s become bindin

g o n th e manager

s an d operator

s o f DO S fecititie o and ar . enforosabt e b y DO E o n th s basi s o

f the fotiUt y manags-icn tes_

_ operatia

_con-recto . specia l nuclea r material

. Althoug h Agreemen t

State s may regulate NARM , thi s regulator y authorit y i s no t federall y derived

. Therefore , releasso o f NAR M ar e no t considere d federall y permitte d unde r sectio n 101(10)(K)

. Certai n NAR M release s are , however , considere d federall y permitte d unde r othe r CERCL A sections

. Fo r

example , ai r release s o f NAR M tha t ar e i n complianc e wit h NESHAP s ar e federall y permitte d unde r

sectio n 101(10)(H)

. I n makin g thi s finding with respect t o NAR M an d th e definitio n o

f federall y permitte d release s i n sectio n 101(10)(K) , th e Agenc y wishe s t o differentiat e betwee n NARM , sourc e material , an d byproduc t

materiaL Bot

h sourc e an d byproduc t

materia l ar e define d unde r th e AE A t o includ e certai n naturall y occurrin g radionuclides

. Specifically , sourc e materia l i s natura l uranium , natura l thorium , o r

ore s tha t contai n 0.0 5 percen t o r mor e (b y weight ) o

f natura l uraniu mo r

thorium

. Byproduc t

materia l i s define d t o includ e naturall y occurrin g deca y product s of

uraniu mo r

thoriu m whe n thos e deca y product s ar e associate d wit

h mil l tailings

. Th e exclusio n o

f NAR M fromth e definitio n o f federall y permitte d releases unde r sectio n 101(10)(K

) applie s onl y t o thos e

. naturall y occurrin g radionuclide s tha t d o no t qualif y a s eithe r

sourc e o r byproduc t

materia L Fo r

example , naturall y occurrin g radiu muse d i n medica l an d wel l loggin g device s doe s no t mee t th e definitio n o

f sourc e o r byproduc t

materia l and , therefore , release s o f radiu mfromthes e device s doe s no t qualif y fo r th e reportin g exemptio n unde r

sectio n 101(10)(K)

. Al l o f th e commenter s o n th e radionuclide s exemptio n fel t tha t a broade r exemptio n i s warranted

. Som e commenter s suggeste d tha t report s o f release s currentl y required b y th e Nuclea r Regulatory Commissio n ar e sufficient an d comprehensiv e becaus e the y enabl e th e Commissio n t o determin e th e nee d fo

r an d th e adequac y o

f response. Thes e commenter s fel t

tha t an y additiona l report s t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r woul d b e a n unnecessar y burden

. EP A expect s tha t

mos t releas®

. involvin g radionuclide s wil l b s exclude d fro mth e definitio n of

release , wil l b e federall y permitted , o r

wil l involv e aquantit y smalle r tha n th e RQ

. (Th e Agenc y publishe d arul e tha t

propose d RQ s fo

r radionuclide s o n Marc h 18,1S3 7 i n 5 2 F R 8172 ; thes e RQ s ar e bein g revised an d th e Agenc y expect s t o publis h final RQ s fo r radionuclide s i n 1SSS. ) EP A believes , however , tha t

th e reporting requirement s impose d o n th e remainin g release s o f radionuclides , includin gP.1 3

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul

y 19 , 198 8 /

Propose d Rule s
release s notsubjectt

o o r i n complianc e wit h applicabl e permits , regulations , o r orders , ar e essentia l t

o mitigat e th e ris k t o publi c healt

h o r welfare o

r th e environmentpose d b y suc h releases
. III
. Notificatio n fo

r Certai n Type s o f Release s A. In General Thi s sectio n addresse s severa l recurrin g question s notrelate d specificall y t

o the definitio n o

f "federall y permitted release " bu

ttha t aris e unde

r the CERCL

A sectio n 103(a

) reportin g requirements
. One such questio n involve s release s t o engineere d structures designe d specificall y t o preventmaterial s from reachin g the lan d surface
. The issue s involv e bot h interpretatio n o

f the phras e "releas e int

o th e environment " an d the appropriatenes s o

f CERCL A notificatio n requirement

s fo r release s t

o suc h secondary containmentdevices
. The Agenc y solicit s comment s o n th e followin g issues
. I n th e preambl e t

o the Apri l 4,198 5 fina l rul e adjustin g RQs fo

r 34 0 CERCL A hazardou s substance , EP A stated : Hazardou s substance

s ma y b e release d "int o th e environment

" eve n i f the y remai n o n plan to r installatio

n grounds
. Example s o f suc h release s ar e spill s fro m tank s o r valve s ont o concret e pad s o r int o ditche s ope n t o th e outsid e aid, release

s from pipe

s int o ope n lagoon s o r ponds , o r an y othe r discharge

s tha tar e no twholl y containe d withi n building s o r structures

. Suc h a release, i

f i t occur s i n a reportabl

e quantit y (e.g. , evaporatio n o f a n R Q int o th e ai r fro m a dik e o r concret e pad), mus

tb e reporte d unde r CERCLA
. O n th e othe r hand , hazardou s 'substance s ma y b e spille d a ta plan to r installatio n bu tno tente r th e environmen

t e.g. . whe n th e substanc e spills ont o th o concret e floo r o f a n enclose d manufacturin

g plant
. Suc h a spil l woul d nee d t o b e reporte d onl y I f th e substance

s wer e i n som e wa y t o leav e th e buildin g o r structur e i n a reportabl

e quantity
. (Note , however , tha tth e federa l governmen tma y stil l respon d an d recove r cost s wher e ther e i s a threatene

d releas e int o th e environment.

) 5 0 F R 13462
. ln applyin g the phras e "int o th e environment " t

o release s t

o secondary containmentdevices , EP

A believe s tha

t a releas e insid e a buildin g o r structur e i s nota releas e "int

o th e environment " unles s the spille d substanc e leave s the building
. O n on e hand , a releas e t

o a secondary containmen tdevic e tha

ti s notwholl y containe d an d tha

ti s locate d outsid e of a buildin g o

r structur e i s "int o th e environment. " Example s o f release s t

o such device s tha

tillustrate bot

h the potential fo

r a seriou s proble

m and a n existin g seriou s situatio n hav e bee n brough tt o th e Agency' s attention
. Thes e includ e a releas e o

f hydrochlori c aci d t

o a dik e tha twoul d hav e overflowe d in a heav y rain , an

d radioactiv e contaminatio n o

f wate r supplie s apparently resulting fro

m a n improperl

y functioning secondar

y containment devic e a ta nuclear facility
. O n the othe r hand , i

tha s bee n suggeste d tha

twhere engineere d structures ar

e open t o th e air , release s int o suc h structures shoul d b e exemp t fro m CERCL A notificatio n unles s a

n R Q o r mor e o f the substanc e reache s an y groun d o r surface water s o

r lan d surface o r evaporate s int

o th e ambientair
. Release s t

o such structures ma

y includ e suc h occurrence s a s release s ont o concrete pads , secondary containment device s wit

h seale d floor

s aroun d storag e tanks , o

r dri p pan s use d t

o catch mino r hos e o r lin e drainage
. Th e Agenc y i s intereste d in receivin g comment s and dat a discussin g the circumstance s under whic h immediat e notificatio n o

f releases int

o secondary containmentdevice s woul d no tprovid e usefu l information fo

r Federa l respons e purpose s unde

r CERCLA

. EP A i s particularly intereste d in information o n th e significanc e o

f th e issue , specifi c example s o

f procedure s followe d wher e ther e i s a releas e t

o a secondary containmentdevic e and technique s use d t o preventrelease s from such devices , dat a discussin g the integrit

y o f secondary containmentdevices , and suggestion s o n th e appropriat e mean s o f eliminatin g any such unnecessary reporting
. I

f th e Agenc y decide s t

o exemp tfro

m CERCL

A notificatio n certai n release s int

o secondary containmentdevices , a demonstratio n ma y b e required t

o sho w tha

tth e devic e i s sufficientl y protectiv e an d reliable
. B. PCB Waste Disposal A secon d issu e concernin g th e necessit y fo

r sectio n 10

3 notificatio n i s whethe r approve d polychlorinate d biphenyl (PCB

) disposa l b y incineration , landfilling , o r alternate method s need s t o b e reporte d a s a release unde r sectio n 103
. Becaus e PC

B disposa l approval s unde r th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Ac t (TSCA ) ar e no tinclude d in the CERCL A sectio n 101(10

) definitio n o

f federall y permitted release , EP

A doe s notbeliev e tha ti tha s the authorit

y t o appl y tha

t exemptio n t

o such approvals
. A tthe sam e time , however , EP A doe s notbeliev e tha

tnotificatio n under sectio n 10 3 o f CERCL A provide s an

y significantadditional benefi ts o long a s th e disposa l facilit

y i s in substantial complianc e wit

h al l applicabl e regulation s an d approva

l conditions
. The PC B regulation s unde

r TSCA
. 4 0 CF RPar t781
. requir

e owner s o

r operators o

f PC B disposa l facilities , incinerators , chemical wast e landfills , and hig h efficienc

y boiler s t

o obtai n written EP

A approval , base d o

n complianc e wit

h detaile d technical requirement

s designe d t

o ensur e prope r disposal , befor

e acceptin g PC

B wastes . The TSC A approva

l proces s i s designe d t o ensure tha

tth e operatio n o

f PC B disposa l facilitie s doe s no tpresentu n unreasonabl e risk o

f injur y t o healt h o r the environmen

tfro m PCBs
. I n addition , 4 0 CF RPar t761 , Subpar

tJ , requires PC

B disposa l facilit

y owner s o

r operators t

o monitor carefully the facility' s inventor y an d operation , maintai n detaile d record s fo r period s o

f 5 t o 2 0 years , an

d repor t unde r certai n circumstances
. The TSC A regulation s provid e th e Federa l governmen

twit h th e information necessar y t

o determine whethe r a

n emergenc y respons e t

o a PC B disposa l i s required
. Today' s proposa l nott o requir e CERCL A reportin

g fo r EPA
approve d PC

B disposal s i s consisten t wit h the overal l objectiv e o

f the CERCL A notificatio n requirements
. Therefore , EP

A wil l no trequir

e reportin g unde r sectio n 103(a

) o f th e approved , prope

r disposa l o

f PC B waste s int

o a disposa l facility
. Th e Agency requests comment s o n thi s proposa l t o exemp tadministrativel y thes e releases from CERCL A notification
. A part y responsibl e fo

r a releas e o

f PC B waste s tha

tnee d no tb e reported unde r CERCLA

. however , remains liabl e fo r the cost s o

f cleanin g u

p th e releas e an d fo r any natura

l resourc e damage s cause d b y the release
. I

n addition , wher e th e dispose r know s tha

tth e facilit y i s no ti n complianc e with applicabl e regulation s an d approve d condition s unde

r TSCA
. disposa l o

f a n R Q o r mor e o f PC B wast e mus

tb e reported t o th e National Respons e Center
. Likewise , spill s an d accident s occurring durin

g disposa l an d outsid e o

f the approve d operatio n an d tha tresul t in release s o

f a n R Q o r mor e o f PC B wast e mus

tb e reported t

o th e Nationa

l Respons e Center
. Finally , PC B releases o f a n R Q o r mor e fro m a TSCA
approved facilit

y (a s oppose d t

o disposa l int

o such a facility ) mustb e reported unde

r CERCLA

. ry . Discharge s to POTWo
The Agenc

y recognize s tha

tth e regulatio n implementing CW A sectio n 31 1 fo r hazardou s substanc e discharge s mu3 tb e revise d t

o b e consisten twit

h the Agency' s regulator

y approac h taken unde r CERCL A sectio n 101(10)Q)
. Under CERCL A secito n 101(10)0)
. a

n indirec t discharg e t

o a POT W mustb e subjectt

o an d in complianc e wit

h categorical pretreatmen

tstandard s an

d local limit

s applicabl e in a

n approved loca lP.1 4

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul

y 19 , 198 8 /

Propose d Rule s 2727 $
pretreatmen

tprogra m (se e discussio n unde r Sectio n II

I o f today' s preamble)
. Al l indirec

tdischargers , ie. , bot

h mobil e and stationar

y sources , ar

e subjectt

o the sam e requirement

s fo r their discharge s t

o b e considere d federally permitted releases
. Unde r 4 0 CF R 117.13 , mobil e source s discharging industria

l wast e ar

e not subjec tt o CW A sectio n 31 1 coverag e i

f the mobil e source ha s contracte d with , o r otherwis e receive d written permissio n fro

m the POT

W t o discharg e a designate d quantit

y o f industria l wast e treate d t

o compl y wit h effluen t limitation s (unde

r CW A section s 301 , 302 , o r 308 ) o r pretreatmen

tstandard s (under CW

A sectio n 307)
. Indirec

t discharger

s ar e notaddresse d unde

r § 117.13
. Paragrap

h (a ) o f g 117.1 3 wa s reserve d t

o provid e the condition s unde r which indirec

tdischarge s ar

e subjectt

o CW A sectio n 311
. Th e Agency i s proposing t

o amend 4 0 CF R117.1 3 t o state tha

tindirec t discharge s ar

e no tsubjectt

o sectio n 31 1 coverag e i

f the indirec

tdischarg e i s i n complianc e wit

h applicabl e categorical pretreatmen

tstandard s and loca l limits develope d i n accordanc e wit h 4 0 CF R 403.5(c ) and i s int

o a POT W wit h a n approved loca l pretreatmen tprojgra m o r a 4 0 CF R 403.10(e) State administere d loca l program. EP

A als o i s proposin g to revis e paragrap

h (b ) t o appl y the sam e condition s t

o mobil e source s a s would , b e applie d t

o indirec tdischarge s under paragrap h (a)
. Th e Agency requests comment s o n thi s proposal
. V
. Regulator

y Analyse s A. Executive Order

No.12291 Rulemakin

g protoco l under Executiv e Orde r (E.O. ) 1228 1 require s tha t propose d regulation s b e classifie d a s majo r o r nonmajor fo

r purpose s of

f revie w b y th e Office of

f Managemen

t an d Budge

t(OMB)
. Accordin g to E.O. ' 12291 , majo

r rule s are regulattondtho.
. ar e likel y t o resul tin : (1 ) A n annua l effec to a th o ecoao-a y of f S1C 0 millio n o r mora ; oi ? " " '

- (2 ) A majo r increac
. to coot

o o r prico o (6i ? consumers , individua l laduotrio a Federal
. States , o r loca l gowoffamcra

tagsEdoo , c ? geographi c regiono ; oi

? (3 ) Significan

tadvero e effect s o a . competition

, employmen

tinvestmen

t productivity ; innovation

, o r o n th e abilit y o f " Unite d Statso-base

d enterprise

s t o compet Q wit h foreign-base

d enterprise

s i n domesti c o r expor tmartceto . Today' s regulatio n i s nonmajor, becaus e adoptio n of

th s rul e wil l resul t in ser a cost s an d mi l no tcaus e any of f th e significantadvers e effect s mentione d i n (3) above
. The Backgroun d Documen tfo r th e Propose d Regulatio n o n Federally Permitte

d Releases , availabl e fo r inspectio n in the publi c docket, show s tha

tth e propose d rul

e i s simply a clarificatio n o

f existin g statutor y requirements
. Thi s rul e ha s bee n submitted t

o OM B fo r review , a s require

d b y E.0.12291
. B. Regulatory Flexibility Act Th e Regulator

y Flexibilit

y Acto f 198 0 requires tha

ta Regulator

y Flexibilit

y Analysi s b e performe

d fo r al l rule s tha

t ar e likel y t o hav e a "significan

timpac t o n a substantia

l numbe r o f smal l entities. " Today' s propose d rule i s no t expecte d t

o significantl y impac

tsmal l entitie s becaus e the rule propose s simply t o clarir y the existin g statutor

y requirementEP

A certifies , therefore , tha tthi s propose d regulation wil l no t hav e a significantimpac

to n a substantial numbe

r o f smal l entitie s an d tha ta Regulator

y Flexibilit

y Analysi s i s no trequiredC Paperwork Reduction Act Ther e ar e n o reporting o r recordkeepin g provision s include d i n thi s propose d rule tha

trequir e approva l from th e Office o

f Managemen

tan d Budge tunde r sectio n 3504(h

) of th s Paperwor k Reductio n Ac to

f 1980,4 4 U.S.C
. 350 1 e tseq . Lis
. of f Suhjects 40CFRPartll7 Hazardou s Substances , Penalties , Reportin g an d recordkeeping requirements , Wate r pollutio n control
. 40CFRPart3O2 Ai r pollutio n control , Chemicals , Hazardou s material s transportation ^ Hasardou s substances , Intergovernmenta

l relations
. Natura

l resources , Nuclea r materials , Pesticides , an d pests . Radioactiv e materials , ' Reporting an d recordkeepin g requirements , Superfund , Wast e

- treatmen

tan d disposal
. Wafe r pollutio n control
. 40CFRPari3SS
. , . Chemica l acciden tprevention , Chemica l emergenc

y preparedness , Chemicals , Communit

y emergenc

y respons e plan , Communit y right-to
know , Contingenc

y planning
. Extremel

y hazardou s substances , Hazardou s substances , Reportabl e quantity , Reportin g an d recordkeepin g requirements. Threshol d plannin g quantity
. Dated : Jul y 11,1968.
. is o M
. Tteaao , Administrator. Fo r th e reason s se tou

tin the premble , i ti s propose d t

o amend Titl e 4 0 o

f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulation s a s follows : 117—OETERiaiMATIO M O F REIPOOTAISU S ©yAOTOTIS S IFOR ! HAZAIHI®@y

S ©UHSTAK1CIE S 1
. Th e authorit y citatio n fo

r Par t11 7 i s revise d t o read a s follows : Authority : 3 3 U.S.C
. 132 1 an d 1361
. 2
. Sectio n 117.1 2 i s revise d t o rea d a s follows : § 117.1 2 AppMcaMK

y to dtoetargo o fro m focllltto o wKf i C.PDE

3 posmtto

. (a ) Thi s regulation doe s notappl y to : (1 ) Discharge s in compliance wit h a permi tunde r sectio n 40

2 o f the Clea n Water Act ; (2 ) Discharge s resulting fro

m circumstance s identifie d an d reviewe d an d made a par

to f the publi c recor

d wit h respec tt

o a permi tissue d o r modified unde

r sectio n 40

2 o f the Clea n Wate r Ac tand subjectt

o a conditio n in such permit ; o

r (3) Continuous o r anticipate d intermitten

tdischarge s fro

m a point source , identifie d in a permi to r permi t applicatio n unde

r sectio n 40

2 o f th e Clea n Wate r Act , whic h ar

e cause d b y event s occurrin

g withi n th e scop e o

f relevan toperatin g o

r treatmen

tsystems . (b ) A discharg e i s "i

n complianc e wit

h a permi tissue d unde

r sectio n 40

2 o f the Clean Wate r Act " i

f th a permi tcontain s a n effluen tlimitatio n specificall y applicabal e t

o th e substanc e discharge d o r a n effluen tlimitatio n applicabl e t

o anothe r wast e parameter tha tha s bee n specificall y identifie d i n the permi ta s intende d t

o limitsuch substance , an d th e discharg e i s i h complianc e wit h th e effluen tlimitation
. (c) A discharg e results "fro m circumstance s identifie d an d reviewe d and mad s a par

to f th s publi c recor

d wit h respec tt

o a permi tissue d o r modified unde

r sectio n 40

2 o f th e Clea n Wate r Ac tan d subjectt

o a conditio n i n such permit " where : (1 ) Th s permi

tapplication , th e permi t o r anothe r portion o

f th e publi c recor

d contain s document

s tha tspecificall y . identify : (i ) Th e substance s an d th e amount s o f substances ; an d (ii ) The origin an d sourc e of th e substances ; an d (iii ) Th e treatmen

ttha ti s t o b e provide d fo

r th e discharg e eithe r by : (A ) A n on-site treatmen

tsyste m separate from an

y treatmen

tsyste m treating th e permittee' s norma l discharge ; o r (B) A treatmen

tsyste m tha

ti s designe d t

o trea tth e permittee' s norma

l discharg e an d tha

ti s additionall y capabl e o f treatin g th e identifie d amoun t o f the identifie d substance ; o r2728 0 Federa l Registe r / Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , July 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s (C ) An y combinatio n o

f the above ; an d (2 ) Th e permi

tcontain s a requirement tha tthe substance s and the amount s o f th e substances , a s identifie d in §117.12(c)(l)(i ) an

d §117.12(c)(l)(ii)
. b e treate d pursuan

tt o § 117.12(c)(l)(iii ) in the even to

f a n on-site release ; and (3) Th e treatmen

tt o b e provide d i s in place
. (d ) A discharg e i s a "continuous o r anticipate d intermittent " discharg e "fro m a poin tsource , identifie d i

n a permi to r permi tapplicatio n unde

r sectio n 40 2 o f the Clea n Wate r Act, " an d "cause d b y event s occurrin g withi n the scop e o

f relevan toperating o

r treatmentsystems" , whethe r o r no tth e discharg e i s i n complianc e wit h the permit , if : (1 ) The hazardou s substanc e i s discharge d fro

m a pointsourc e fo

r which a vali d permi

texist s o r fo r which a permi tapplicatio n ha s bee n submitted ; an d (2 ) Th e discharg e of

th e hazardou s substanc e results from: (i ) Th e contaminatio n of

noncontac t coolin g wate r o r stor

m water , provide d tha tsuch coolin g wate r o r stor m wate r i s no tcontaminate d b y a

n onsit e spil l of a hazardou s substance ; o r (ii ) A continuou s o r anticipate d intermittentdischarg e of

proces s wast e water , an d wher e th e discharg e originate s withi n th e manufacturin g o r treatmen tsystems ; o r (iii ) A n upse to r failur

e of a treatment syste m o r o

f a proces s producing a continuou s o r anticipate d intermittent discharg e wher e th e upse to r failure results fro m a control problem , a syste m failur e o r malfunction , a

n equipmen

to r syste m startu p o r shutdown , a n equipmen twash, o r a productio n schedul e change , provide d tha tsuc h upse to r failur

e i s no tcause d b y s n amsit e spil l o

f a hazardou s substance
. 3
. Sectio n 117.1 3 i s revise d to rea d a a follows : §117.1 3 AopHcaMMytodtacturgesfra m othe r facllttlas

. (a ) Thes e regulation s appl y t o al l discharge s o f

reportabl e quantitie s t o a POTW , wher e th e discharg e originate s fro m stationary industria

l users , s o lon g a s th e discharg e is : (1 ) I n complianc e wit

h applicabl e categorical pretreatmen

tstandard s an d loca l limits develope d i n accordanc e wit h 4 0 CF R 403.5(c) r an d (2 ) Int o a POT W wit h a n approve d loca l pretreatmen

tprogra m o r a 4 0 CF

R 403.10(e ) State administere d loca l program. (b ) Thes e regulations appl y t o al l discharge s o f

reportable quantitie s t o a POTW, wher e th e discharg e originate s fro m a mobil e source , s o long a s th e mobil e sourc e can sho w that : (1 ) Prio r t o acceptin g the substanc e fro m a n industria

l discharger , th e substanc e bein g discharge d wa s i n complianc e wit

h applicabl e categorica

l pretreatmen

tstandard s an d loca l limit s develope d i

n accordanc e wit

h 4 0 CF R 403.5(c) ; an d (2 ) The substanc e i s bein g discharge d int o a POT W wit h a n approved loca l pretreatmen

tprogra m o r a 4 0 CF R 403.10(e ) State administere d loca l program. PAR T 302—DESIGNATION

. REPORTABL E QUANTITIES , AN D NOTIFICATIO N 4
. Th e authorit

y citatio n fo

r Par t30 2 i s revise d t o read a s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S. C 9602 ; 3

3 U.S.C
. 132 1 an d 1361
. 5
. Sectio n 302.3 i s amende d b y addin g i n alphabetical orde

r th e definitio n "federall y permitted release " an d b y revisin g th e introductor

y tex tof th e definitio n "release " t o read a s follows : 9302. 3 DsflnrUons

. "Federall y permitted release" mean s (1 ) a discharg e i n complianc e wit h a permi tunde r sectio n 40

2 o f th e Clean Wate r Act ; (2) A discharg e resulting from circumstance s identifie d an d reviewe d an d mad e a par

tof th e publi c record wit h respec tt

o a permi tissue d o r modifie d under sectio n 40 2 o f th e dea n Wate r Ac tan d subjec tt

o a conditio n i n such permit ; (3 ) A continuou s o

r anticipate d intermittentdischarg e from a poin t source , identifie d i n a permito r permi t applicatio n under sectio n 40 2 of th a Clean Wate r Act , whic h i a cause d b y event s occurring withi n th e scop e of relevan toperatin g o r treatmentsystems ; (4 ) A discharg e i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e Federa l o r State , Individua l o r genera

l permi tunde r sectio n 40 4 of

th e Clea n Wate r Act ; (5 ) A releas e i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e Federa l a r Stat e final permi tissue d pursuan

tta sectio n 300

5 (a ) throug h (d ) o f th a Soli d Wast e Disposa l Ac tfro

m a hazardou s wast e treatmen tstorage , o

r disposa l facility whe n such permi

tspecificall y identifie s th e hazardoua substance s an d make s such substance s subjectt o a standar d o

f practice , control procedure , o r bioassa y limitatio n o

r condition , o r othe r control o n th e hazardou s substance s i n such a release ; (8 1 An y release i n compKanc a with a legall y enforceabl e permi tissue d unde r sectio n 10

2 o r sectio n 10 0 o f

th e Marin

a Protection , Research , and Sanctuarie s Ac to f 1972 ; (7 ) An y injectio n o

f fluid s authorized unde r Federa l undergroun

d injectio n contro l program s o r State program

s submitte d fo

r Federa l approva l (and no t disapprove d b y the Administrator ) pursuan tt o Par tC o f th e Saf e Drinkin g Water Ac t (8 ) Any emissio n o

f a substanc e int

o th e ai r which i s name d specificall y o r i s include d i n a specificall y name d grou p o f substance s subjectt

o an d in complianc e wit

h a permi to r contro l regulatio n under sectio n 111 , sectio n 112 , Titl e I Par

tC
. Titl e I Par

tD
. o r State implementatio n plan s submitte d in accordanc e wit

h sectio n 11 0 o

f th e Clean Ai r Ac t(and no tdisapprove d b y th e Administrator

) whe n suc

h permi to r control regulation i s specificall y designe d t

o limi to r eliminat e such emissio n of

a designate d hazardou s pollutanto r a criteri a pollutan t includin g any schedul e o r waive r granted , promulgated , o

r approve d unde r thes e sections ; (9) An y injectio n o

f fluid s o r othe r material s specificall y authorize d under applicabl e Stat e law : solel y fo r th e purpos e of

stimulatin g o r treating well s fo r th e productio n o

f crud e oil , natura

l gas , o r wate r solel y fo

r th e purpos e o

f secondary , tertiary , o r othe r enhance d recovery o f

crude oi l o r natural gas ; o r whic h ar e brough tt o th e surfac e i n conjunctio n wit

h th e productio n o f

crud e oi l o r natura

l ga a aa d whic h ar

a reinjected; (10 ) Th e introductio n of

any pollutant int o a publicl y owne d treatmentwork s (POTW ) whe n sac h pollutan tt

a specifie d i n an d i n complianc e wit h applicabl e categorical pratreatmen t standard s an d focal limits develope d i n accordanc e wit

h 4 0 GF R 403.5(c) an d int o a POT

W wit h a n approve d loca l pretreatmen

tprogra m o r a 4 0 CF

R 403.10(e ) Stat e administere d loca l program ; an d (11 ) An y releas e of

source , specia l nuclear , o r byproduc

tmaterial ; a s thos e terms are define d i n th e Atomi c Energ y Ac to f 19M
. i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e license , permi tregulation , o r othe r issue d pursuan

tto tha Atomi c Energ y Ac tof 18& 4 Federall y permitted releases d o no t includ e releases exemp tfro m regulation under th a authorit

y o f an a of th e cite d statutes ; releases no ti n complianc e wit h the applicabl e permi

tKni to r condition , license , regulation, order, standard , o r program ; o r release s Int

o a mediu m othe r tha n thatcovere d in th e applicabl eP.1 6

Federa l Registe r /

Vol
. 53 , No
. 13 8 /

Tuesday , Jul

y 19 , 198 8 /

Propose d Rule s permit , license , regulation , order , standard , o

r program. **** * "Release " mean s an

y spilling , leaking , pumping , pouring, emitting , emptying , discharging , injecting , escaping , leaching , dumping

, o r disposin g int

o the environmen

t(including th e abandonmen

to r discardin g o

f barrels , containers , an

d other close d receptacle s containin g an

y hazardou s substanc e o

r pollutan to r contaminant) , bu

texclude s

6
. Sectio n 302. 8 i s amended b y adding ne w paragraphs (e ) and (f)"a s follows : § 302. G KtotKlcotlo n raqulrcsBomto

. tt tt

tt

tt

tt (e ) Wheneve r a releas e o

f a hazardou s substanc e exceed s it s federall y permitted leve l a s define d unde r § 302.3 ("federall y permitted release" ) b y a reportabl e quantit

y o r more, notificatio n shal l b e made fo

r such releas e i n accordanc e wit

h th e requirement

s of thi s sectio n or

, i f applicable , § 302.8
. Wher e numerica

l level s fo r hazardou s substance s ar

e notspecified , any releas e notin complianc e wit h th e terms , relate d t

o the characte r o r quantit y o f the release , o

f th e applicabl e permit , license , regulation , order, standar d o r progra m tha tequal s o r exeed s a reportabl e quantit y mus tb e reported t o th e Nationa

l Respons e Center in accordanc e wit h thi s sectio n or , i f applicable , g 302.8
. (f ) Notificatio n i s no trequire d fo r th e disposa l o

f polychlorinate d biphenyl (PCB ) approve d b y EP

A and i n substantial complianc e wit h th e applicabl e Toxi c Substanc e Contro l Ac t (TSCA ) regulations. 4 0 CF

RPar t781
. and approva

l conditions
. 7
. Sectio n 302.7 i s amende d b y revisin g paragrap

h (a)(3 ) t o read a s follows : § 302. 7 POflcJttOC

. (a ) * * • (3) I n charge o

f a facilit y fro m whic h a hazardou s substanc e i s released, othe r tha n a federally permitted release , i n a quantit y equa l t o o r greate r tha

n tha t reportabl e quantit

y determine d under thi s par twh o fail s t

o notif y immediatel y th e Nationa l Respons e Center a s soo n a s he o r sh e ha s knowledg e o

f such releas e o r wh o submit

s in such a notificatio n an

y informatio

n whic h h e o r sh e know s t

o b e fals e and misleadin g shal l b e subjectt

o al l o f the sanctions , includin g crimina

l penalties , se tfort

h in sectio n 103(b ) o

f the Act
. mm 355—EMERGENC Y PLAMC.IIK1 © AM © MOTIF8CATIO M 8
. Th e authorit y citatio n fo

r Par t35 5 i s revise d t o read a s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S.C
. 1100 2 an d 1104 a 9
. Sectio n 355.4

0 i s amended b y revisin g paragrap

h (a ) t o rea d a s follows : § 359.4 0 Emorgarce

y rotoos o notlWcotlojii

. (a ) Applicability. (1 ) Th

e requirement

s o f thi s sectio n appl

y t o an y facility : (i ) A f which a hazardou s chemica l i s produced , used , o

r stored ; and (ii ) A twhich ther

e i s a releas e o

f a reportabl e quantit

y o f an y extremel y hazardou s substanc e o

f CERCL A hazardou s substance
. (2 ) Thi s sectio n doe s no tapply to : (i ) An y release tha

tresults i n exposure t

o person s solel y withi n th e boundarie s o

f the facility ; (ii ) Any releas e tha

ti s a "federall

y permitted release," a s define d a s follows : (A ) A discharg e i n complianc e wit h a permi tunde r sectio n 40

2 o f the Clea n Wate r Ac t (B) A discharg e resultin g from circumstance s identifie d an d reviewe d and made a par

to f the publi c record wit h respec tt

o a permi tissue d o r modifie d under sectio n 40 2 of th e Clea n Wafe r Ac tan d subjectt

o a conditio n i n such permit ; (C ) A continuou s o

r anticipate d intermitten

tdischarg e from a point source , identifie d in a permi to r permi t applicatio n unde

r sectio n 40

2 o f th e Clea n Wafe r Ac twhic h i s cause d b y • event s occurring withi n th e scop e of f relevan toperatin g o r treatmentsystems ; (D) A discharg e i n complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e Federa l o r State , individua l o r genera l permi tunder sectio n 40 4 of f th e Clea n Wafe r Ac t (E ) A releas e i n complianc s wit h a legall y enforceabl e Federa l o r State final permi tissue d pursuan

tto sectio n 3009(a ) throug h (d) o f th e Soli d Wast e Disposa l Ac tfrom a hazardou s wast e treatment, storage , d

r disposa l facilit

y whe n such permi

tspecificall y identifie s th e hazardou s substance s an d make s such substance s subjectt o a standar d of practice , control procedure , o r bioassa y limitatio n o

r condition , o

r othe r control o n the hazardou s substance s i n such a release; (F ) An y releas e in complianc e wit h a legall y enforceabl e permi tissue d under sectio n 10 2 o r sectio n 10

3 o f the Marin

e Protection , Research , an d Sanctuarie s Acto f 1972 ; (G ) An y injectio n o

f fluid s authorized unde r Federa l undergroun

d injectio n contro

l program s o r Stat e program

s submitted fo

r Federa l approva l (an d no t disapprove d b y the Administrator ) pursuan tt o Par tC o f the Saf e Drinkin g Water Act ; (H ) An y emissio n o

f a substanc e int

o the ai r whic

h i s named specificall y o

r i s include d in a specificall y name d grou p o f substance s subjectt

o and in complianc e wit

h a permi to r control regulation unde

r sectio n 111 , sectio n 112 , Titl e I Par

tC , Titl e I Par

tD , o r State implementatio n plan s submitte d in accordanc e wit

h sectio n 11 0 o

f th e Clea n Ai r Act(an

d notdisapprove d b y th e Administrator

) whe n such permi

to r control regulatio n i s specificall y designe d t

o limito r eliminat e suc h emissio n o

f a designate d hazardou s pollutanto

r a criteri a pollutan t including an

y schedul e o

r waive r granted , promulgated , o

r approved unde r thes e sections ; (I ) An y injectio n o

f fluids o r othe r material s specificall y authorized under applicabl e State law : solel y fo r th e purpos e o f stimulating o

r treating well s fo r th e production o

f crud e oil , natura

l gas , o r wafer ; solel y fo

r the purpos e of secondary , tertiary , o

r othe r enhance d recover y o f crud e oi l o r natura

l gas ; o r which ar e brough tto the surface in conjunctio n wit

h the production o

f crude oi l o r natura l ga s and which ar

e reinjected; (J ) Th e introductio n o f

an y pollutant int o a publicl y owne d treatmen twork s (POTW ) whe n suc

h pollutanti s specifie d i n and i n complianc e wit h applicabl e categorica

l pretreatmen

t standard s and loca l limits'develope d i h accordanc e wit

h 4 0 CF R 403.5(c ) an d int o a POT W wit h a n approved pretreatmen

tprogra m o r a 4 0 CF R 403.10(e) State administere d loca l program ; an d (K ) An y releas e of

source , specia l nuclear , o r byproduc

tmaterial , a s thos e term s ar e define d i n th s Atomi c Energ y Ac to f 1954 , i n complianc e wit

h a legall y enforceabl e license , permi tregulation , o r order issue d pursuan

tt o the Atomi c Energ y Acto f 1954
. (iii ) Federally permitted release s d o notinclud e releases exemp tfro m regulation under th e authorit y of on e of th e cite d statutes ; releases notin complianc e wit

h th e applicabl e permi

t limito r condition , license , regulation , order, standard , o r program ; o r release s int o a mediu m othe r tha

n tha tcovere d in the applicabl e permit

, license , regulation , order, standard , o r program. tt o ti

o o (F R Doc
. 8S-1819 2 File d 7-18-68 : 8:4

5 am | OMAIK © ccs a oesss-cs-c

.