<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="OSHRC Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission">
<TITLE> Central Site Development, LLC, Docket No. 16-0642</TITLE>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
		<style type="text/css">
 p.hiddenParagraph { visibility:hidden } 
 p { widows:0; orphans:0; widows:0; orphans:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; font-size:12pt; font-family:Courier; color:WindowText; } 
 p { font-family:Times New Roman; widows:0; orphans:0; font-size:12pt; font-family:Courier;  }  p.style_Normal { widows:0; orphans:0; font-size:12pt; font-family:Courier; } 
.style_Normal span { font-family:Courier; } 
 span.style_DefaultParagraphFont { } 
 table.style_TableNormal { } 
 span.style_FootnoteReference { } 
 span.style_Hyperlink { color:#0000FF; text-decoration:underline ;} 
.style_Hyperlink span { color:#0000FF; text-decoration:underline ;} 
 p.style_FootnoteText { font-size:10pt; } 
.style_FootnoteText span { } 
 p.style_Footer { } 
 span.style_PageNumber { } 
 p.style_Header { } 
 span.style_FootnoteTextChar { font-family:Courier; } 
.style_FootnoteTextChar span { font-family:Courier; } 
 p.style_BalloonText { font-size:8pt; font-family:Tahoma; } 
.style_BalloonText span { font-family:Tahoma; } 
 span.style_BalloonTextChar { font-size:8pt; font-family:Tahoma; } 
.style_BalloonTextChar span { font-family:Tahoma; } 
 span.style_FooterChar { font-size:12pt; font-family:Courier; } 
.style_FooterChar span { font-family:Courier; } 
 span.style_copyright1 { } 
 p.style_NoSpacing { font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; } 
.style_NoSpacing span { font-family:Calibri; } 
 span.style_cosearchterm { } 
 span.style_counderline2 { text-decoration:underline ;} 
.style_counderline2 span { text-decoration:underline ;} 
 p.style_ListParagraph { margin-left:48px; } 
 span.style_Emphasis { font-style:italic; } 
.style_Emphasis span { font-style:italic; } 
 span.style_CommentReference { font-size:8pt; } 
.style_CommentReference span { } 
 p.style_CommentText { font-size:10pt; } 
.style_CommentText span { } 
 span.style_CommentTextChar { font-family:Courier; } 
.style_CommentTextChar span { font-family:Courier; } 
 p.style_CommentSubject { font-weight:bold; } 
.style_CommentSubject span { font-weight:bold; } 
 span.style_CommentSubjectChar { font-family:Courier; font-weight:bold; } 
.style_CommentSubjectChar span { font-family:Courier; font-weight:bold; } 
 p.style_NormalWeb { margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:22.4px; widows:2; orphans:2; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_NormalWeb span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 p.style_Default { font-size:12pt; font-family:Courier; color:#000000; } 
.style_Default span { font-family:Courier; color:#000000; } 
 span.style_PlaceholderText { color:#808080; } 
.style_PlaceholderText span { color:#808080; } 
 span.style_apple-converted-space { } 
 p.style_block1 { margin-top:6.667px; margin-bottom:6.667px; widows:2; orphans:2; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_block1 span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 span.style_FollowedHyperlink { color:#800080; text-decoration:underline ;} 
.style_FollowedHyperlink span { color:#800080; text-decoration:underline ;} 
 span.style_stdref1 { color:#0F0D61; } 
.style_stdref1 span { color:#0F0D61; } 
 span.style_counderline { } 
 table.style_TableGrid { } 
 span.X3AS7TOCHyperlink { color:#000000; text-decoration:none; } 
 p.X3AS7TABSTYLE { } 
 span.BulletSymbol { font-family:'Symbol'; } 
 body { margin-left:96px;margin-top:96px;margin-bottom:96px;margin-right:96px;} 
div.basic { width:16.51cm;height:22.86cm;} 
 p.hiddenParagraph { font-size:2pt; visibility:hidden; } 
</style>
		<script type="text/javascript">
							var useragent = navigator.userAgent;
							var navigatorname;
							if (useragent.indexOf('MSIE')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="MSIE";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Gecko')!= -1)
							{
							if (useragent.indexOf('Chrome')!= -1)
							navigatorname="Google Chrome";
							else
							navigatorname="Mozilla";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Mozilla')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="old Netscape or Mozilla";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Opera')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="Opera";
							}
							
							function symbol(code1,code2)
							{
							if (navigatorname == 'MSIE')
								document.write(code1);
							else
								document.write(code2);
							}
							</script>
	</head>
	<body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="basic"><div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">United States of America</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">100 Alabama St. S.W</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Building 1924 Room 2R90</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:24px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Atlanta, GA 30303-31</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">0</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">4</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<table class="style_TableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:auto; align:left; margin-left:-.191cm; margin-bottom:0cm">
				<tr style="margin:0;border:0;padding:0;visibility:hidden;">
					<th style="width:319.2px;"/>
					<th style="width:319.2px;"/>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:solid .018cm #000000; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR,</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Horz" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Complainant</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Horz" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">v</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHRC Docket No.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
									</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">16-0642</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Horz" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#2F2F2F; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">CENTRAL SITE DEVELOP</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#2F2F2F; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">MENT, LLC,</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Horz" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td class=" TableGrid_band1Vert" style="vertical-align:top;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:solid .018cm #000000; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:8.446cm;">
						<div>
							<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
			</table>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Attorneys and Law Firms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dane Steffenson,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Attorney,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Atlanta, GA,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for Complainant.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Paul J. Waters</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Attorney, Waters Law Group, Clearwater,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">FL,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for Respondent.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">John B.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">G</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">atto</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">United State Administrative Law<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">J</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">udge</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">I. INTRODUCTION</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">This case arises from a fatality<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">on October 7, 2015</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, at</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">apartment complex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>construction project</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Iris at Gateway</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(the “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">in Saint Petersburg</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, Florida</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site Development, LLC, (“Central Site”) was engaged in site development work</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">T</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Department of Labor’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Occupational Safety and Health Administration (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHA</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">investigated</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">issued</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">citation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to Central Site</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">allegedly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">violating<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Occupational Safety and Health Act</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 1970<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Act</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 U.S.C. §§ 651–678</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">C</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">itation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">charged</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">serious</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">of section 5(a)(1) of the Act,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 U.S.C. § 654(a)(1),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">commonly known as the “general duty clause,”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">with a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">propose</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty of $</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">300</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.00</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">alleged</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ly</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">exposing employees to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">struck-by hazard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation 2 alleged an “other-than-serious” recordkeeping violation of 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1904.40(a)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">with a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">proposed penalty of $400.00</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">After<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site timely contested the citation, the Secretary</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Labor (the “Secretary”)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>filed a formal complaint</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with the Commission</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>charging Central Site with violating the Act and seeking an order affirming the citations and proposed penalties</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. A</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two-day bench trial was held in Clearwater, Florida</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">There is no dispute that jurisdiction of this action is conferred upon the Commission by section 10(c) of the Act</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 29 U.S.C. § 659(c),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">that Central Site is an employer engaged in a business affecting commerce within the meaning of section 3(5) of the Act,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 U.S.C. § 652(5), and that its principal place of business is in Riverview, Florida</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Compl.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">¶¶</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">-III</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">; Answer ¶</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">¶</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">-III</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Commission Rule 90(a),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">after hearing and carefully considering all the evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and the arguments of counsel</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the Court issues this Decision and Order</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">constitutes its final disposition of the proceedings</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">If any finding is in truth a conclusion of law, or if any stated conclusion is in truth a finding of fact, it shall be deemed so.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">For the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">reason</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Court concludes</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">both<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">c</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">itation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">must be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">vacated</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">II. BACKGROUND</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site had been at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for four months at the time of the fatality on October 7, 2015, that triggered the OSHA inspection (Tr. 26). The site covered 10 acres</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">; a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">t the time of the fatality, the site consisted mostly of “[c]leared dirt and a construction trailer.” (Tr. 27.) It was bounded on two sides by two-lane paved roads</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n office building was on a third side</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and an apartment building was on the fourth. There was only one entrance for vehicular traffic to the site (Tr. 27-29, 51). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">On the day of the accident, Central Site had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Albert Kimball</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">supervisor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">one other employee</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Michael Montroy, an equipment operator supplied by Construct Corps, LLC, a temporary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">construction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">staffing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">agency</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 24-25, 29, 31, 33, 42, 63,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">64-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">65).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Central Site subcontracted the underground pipe work to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">RAB Foundation Repair, LLC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">d/b/a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">API Services</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">API</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">), whose foreman, Doug Miller, and four other workers were also on site that day (Tr. 164). Tri-City, the electrical subcontractor, was also on the site with two employees (Tr. 102).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site began work at 7:00 a.m. on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the day of the accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 52). Kimball oversaw coordination among the subcontractors for the project (Tr. 94-95). He held a pre-planning meeting, as he did every morning, with Central Site’s employees and the supervisors for API and Tri-City (Tr. 69, 76, 201). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">At trial,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball explained how he ran the daily pre-planning meetings</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n the morning we pre-plan what we’re going to do and I indicate to everybody that this is what we’re going to do today, the area where we’re going to be working in. I also fill out a Hazard Sheet. I usually walk the site, check to see if there’s any more hazards there.” (Tr. 69.) </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The equipment on site that day included a bulldozer and a roller owned by Central Site, a track hoe and a loader owned by API, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at least<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">two dump trucks bringing in dirt (Tr. 43).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The bulldozer was equipped with a rearview mirror and a working backup alarm (Tr. 130, 182).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The task for the day was setting up a building pad near the construction trailer</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">approximately 300 feet from the sin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">gle-entry point to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 51-52). Kimball instructed Montroy to operate the bulldozer to place the dirt for the building pad (Tr. 52-53). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">As<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball explained the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">process:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[W]hen you’re building apartment foundations, you use a bulldozer. And then you have to have compaction on the dirt that you’re bringing in and you want to use a roller for that</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he bulldozer would push the dirt over, it’s on a pile where it came out of the truck, flat and the roller would roll that and compact the soil, making a stable foundation.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 41.)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Meanwhile, API was laying pipe for the project. API foreman Miller estimated API averaged “a couple hundred feet” of pipe a day on the project (Tr.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>194). At some point during that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">afternoon, Kimball learned the backfill soil in one area<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">where API had laid pipe</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed the required density test</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">m</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">oisture in the backfilled dirt made it too wet to achieve the score needed to pass the density test (Tr. 110-11). Kimball “wanted API to get their production done,” so he directed API’s crew to move over to another location to lay pipe while he attempted to correct the soil density problem (Tr. 111). Kimball told Montroy he was going to take over operation of the bulldozer and directed Montroy to use the roller to compact the building pad or to sign the tickets acknowledging receipt of the dump truck loads as they came in (Tr. 53). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball used the bulldozer to scrape drier dirt from the area around the backfill, “pushing the drier material and mixing it with the wetter material.” (Tr. 113.) Kimball then operated the bulldozer in forward and reverse over the area to compact the soil. Kimball and API’s crew were working “[p]robably within 50 to 100 feet, facing each other” when they started out (Tr. 156). Miller</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">corroborated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">testimony that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">work area was approximately 100 feet from API’s work area at the time of the accident (Tr. 165). At the closest point, Kimball and the API crew were within 20 to 30 feet of each other (Tr. 181).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">After Kimball had been operating the bulldozer for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">30</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to 45 minutes, Miller instructed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">employee</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Justin Smith</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to retrieve a water pump from Miller’s truck parked near the silt fence that enclosed the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. As Smith returned with the pump, he crossed behind the bulldozer as Kimball operated it in reverse</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">struck and killed (Tr. 55, 182).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Compliance Safety and Health Officer Elvin Santiago conducted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fatality investigation following a referral from the police department (Tr. 226). He arrived at the site approximately three hours after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">interviewed employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and took measurements and photographs (Tr. 226-227). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On March 10, 2016, Santiago sent an email to Central Site’s counsel, which stated, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[p]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lease provide a copy of the 2015 OSHA 300A (4 hours response required), I have a copy that is not completed and let’s set up a closing conference, it could be by phone. Thank you.” (Ex. R-19 at 4.) Santiago received an automated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">email<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">response back stating: “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[d]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">elivery to these recipients or groups is complete<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">but no delivery notification was sent by the destination server</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.” (Ex. R-19 at 6) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">called<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“a few days later” and left a voice message<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">indicating he was going to recommend<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disputed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 306). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In response to Santiago’s voice message,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sent a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">email to Santiago on March 16, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">indicating he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not receive</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d the email</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>sent on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">March 10, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. R-19 at 7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subsequently<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">issued the two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>disputed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>citations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">based<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">upon Santiago’s recommendation.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_counderline2 style_counderline2 " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">III. ANALYSIS</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he fundamental objective of the Act is to prevent occupational deaths and serious injuries.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Whirlpool Corp. v. Marshall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 445 U.S. 1, 11 (1980).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o implement its statutory purpose,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Congress imposed dual obligations on employers.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">They must first comply with the ‘general duty’ to free the workplace of all recognized hazards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran Grp., Inc. v. U.S. Dep't of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 722 F.3d 1304, 1307 (11th Cir. 2013).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">They also have a ‘special duty’ to comply<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with all mandatory health and safety standards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, “[t]he Secretary has rulemaking power and establishes the safety standards; investigates the employers to ensure compliance; and issues citations and assesses monetary penalties for violations.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 1</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">In Citation 1, the Secretary asserted Central Site committed a serious<span><span></span>
					</span>violation of the general duty clause “in that employees were exposed to the hazard of being struck by vehicular/equipment traffic.” (Compl. Ex. A at 6). The citation further alleged the hazard resulted from employees “working in close proximity to vehicular traffic/construction equipment inside a construction work zone.” (<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span>)<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Employee Exposure</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">W</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">hile t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he multi-employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>doctrine applies to citations issued under section 5(a)(2), it does not apply to citations issued under the general duty</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>clause. As the Commission<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">explained</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Summit Contractors, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the statutory auth</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ority underlying the Commission’</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s imposition of multi-employer liability derives from § 5(a)(2) of the Act, which imposes duties on an employer</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">that, unlike those imposed under § 5(a)(1), need not benefit its own employees.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Summit Contractors, Inc.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>23 BNA OSHC 1196, 1204-05 (No. 05-0839, 2010).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">§ 5(a)(2)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, un</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">l</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ike its counterpart § 5(a)(1), ‘</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">does not base an employer's liability on the existence of an employer-employee relationship</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">quoting Solis v. Summit Contractors, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 558 F.3d 815, 828</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(8th Cir. 2009)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hile t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Secretary did not limit C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">itation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s allegation to a backover hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, as indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, part of the Secretary’s burden is to prove his proposed abatement<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would materially reduce the likelihood that such injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as that which resulted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from the cited hazard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would have occurred.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Champlin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 593 F.2d at 640 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The “injury” here was the death of a worker<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">struck and killed by a bulldozer being operated in reverse, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">backover fatality provided the framework for this proceeding. Not surprisingly, given<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">burden of proof regarding<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proposed abatement,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">much<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the evidence and argument at trial involved backover injuries<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and fatalities</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary now asserts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed employees upon which this citation is based are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Kimball and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">temporary laborers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>who Kimball supervised,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not the deceased API employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">6</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Compl’t’s Br. 18.) </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At trial,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary’s exposure focus was on the proximity of the subcontractors’ employees, including the decedent, to Kimball’s bulldozer. For example, the Secretary’s counsel asked API foreman Miller a series of questions regarding the potential exposure of API’s employees, something the Secretary now says is not at issue.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Q.: What did Mr. Kimball tell you, if anything, about your ability to enter an area where equipment was operating such as him on the bulldozer or where vehicles were being driven around? Did he give you any specific rules or instructions on that?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Were you ever instructed to stay out of the area where he or his crew were operating the roller or dozer?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Were you ever instructed to have you or your crew stay away from moving vehicles that might be driving through the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Did Mr. Kimball ever tell you to stay—that if you see a vehicle driving around you’re not allowed to enter that area where the vehicle is driving around?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">When Mr. Kimball brought the dozer back to begin backfilling between ST-8 and ST-9, did he—did he stop in any way and make eye contact, or something with you and your guys, before he entered this area to begin with?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. . .</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Did you receive any instructions from Mr. Kimball or anybody else at Central Site as to how close you and your employees should stay away from moving equipment?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 176-177.) </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball testified “there was only me and Michael out there</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 64</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Therefore, other than Montroy, the Secretary failed to prove by a preponderance of eviden</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ce</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">any<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">other Central Site temporary</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">as</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>working on site the day of the accident. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">refore, the</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Secretary’s new claim is not supported by the record considering the detailed examination of witnesses regarding the exposure of non-Central Site employees. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">e.g.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Tr. 48, 72-73, 75, 85-86, 149-150, 155-156, 169, 172, 176-177, 180-181, 214-216, 254-256).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">also admitted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">no evidence indicating exposure of Central Site’s temporary employees to struck-by hazards.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Q.: [L]et’s talk about the laborers, how deeply they may have been exposed?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago: I only spoke with one of the temp employees. I was not aware actually the first day of the site—when I went on the site, I was told there was only Mr. Kimball on the site. So I didn’t learn about the laborers or the temp employees until later, so I only had an opportunity to talk to one.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Q.: Okay. Did you have an understanding of generally where they were working and what they were doing?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago: No, sir, I didn’t.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 297-298.)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Santiago’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">investigation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>interview of Montroy was similarly unilluminating. At trial, Santiago testified Montroy told him he was assisting with the dump trucks after Kimball took over the bulldozer</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but when</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>asked, “Once he got off the bulldozer, was he working on foot that day as opposed to working on another piece of equipment</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago responded, “I don’t remember asking about it.” (Tr. 300.)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further, no evidence was adduced to show the proximity of employees to the dump trucks. The Secretary failed in his attempt to establish some parameters of the assignment.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Q.: Did you have the opportunity to see Central Site Development’s workers working near or assisting dump truck drivers as they would come in and dump<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">dirt?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Miller: No.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Q.: You typically were never in that area?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Miller: No.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 164.)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago also speculated at trial that Montroy was exposed to the moving bulldozer because he “had to relinquish it.” (Tr. 338.) That statement led to this exchange between Santiago and Central Site’s counsel:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.: So you’re telling me that people can’t hand over control of a moving vehicle . . . without having an Internal Traffic Control Plan? Is that what you’re trying to convince us? . . . Mr. Montroy relinquished control of the bulldozer, but was the bulldozer moving when he got off of it?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago: It was not moving.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.: Is that what you’re contending?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago: No, no. What I’m contending is that when Mr. Kimball took it, it was moving.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.: Did you see him take it when it was moving?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago: I didn’t see it. You know I was not there. So, no, I didn’t see it.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; margin-left:12px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 338.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attempted to cast a wide net in an effort to demonstrate Kimball was exposed to struck-by hazards earlier in the day, opining Kimball was exposed to the struck-by hazard “when he was walking around on-site” and “moving from one location of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to another.” (Tr. 256.) When asked why he believed Kimball was exposed, Santiago stated, “he walked from one side of the site to another while vehicles were moving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">... [there were]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">multiple vehicles on the site including dump trucks that were coming in. So every single vehicle that was on-site potentially could have struck Mr. Kimball or anyone walking.” (Tr. 259-260.) </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago’s assertion is so vague it is meaningless. It<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is also inadmissible opinion testimony.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">7</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Further, Santiago’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">assertion<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">exceeds the Commission’s standard for exposure.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“Although [the employee’s] testimony shows how close an employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">could</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>get to these machines, it does not establish how close any employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">actually came</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the zone of danger, either as their work required or through inadvertence.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Delek Ref., Ltd.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>25 BNA OSHC 1365, 1374 (No. 08-1386, 2015),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">rev’d in part on other grounds,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">845 F.3d 170 (5</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2016)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">mphasis in original).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Finally, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was a 10-acre<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with no more than a dozen workers on-site the day of the accident. Kimball is one of the few workers there who drove his own vehicle onto the site. He testified he drove his truck over to the location of the bulldozer when he determined he would use the bulldozer to compact the deficient backfill area (Tr. 100, 149). There is no evidence Kimball was at any time exposed to a significant risk of harm from being struck by a moving vehicle. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Likewise, while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Kimball was operating the bulldozer,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he obviously<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was not exposed to the cited hazard. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">us</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Court concludes the Secretary failed to establish any of Central Site’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“worker exposure to the hazard.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Therefore,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Citation 1 must be vacated</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Further, as indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, even if the Secretary established<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">worker exposure to the hazard, he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">failed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">me</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">t<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the fourth<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">element of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">prima facie<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">general duty clause<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">case</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_block1 style_block1 " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged General Duty Clause Violation</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“An employer commits a general duty clause violation when he fails to ‘furnish to each of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">his employees</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">his employees</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Pepper Contracting Servs. v. Occupational Safety & Health Admin.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 657 F. App'x 844, 847 (11th Cir. 2016)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">quoting</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 U.S.C. § 654(a)(1).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In order to establish an employer's violation of the general duty clause, OSHA bears the burden to prove four elements.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Roberts Sand Co., LLLP v. Sec'y of Labor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 568 F. App'x 758, 759 (11th Cir. 2014)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">citing</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Waldon Healthcare Ctr.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1052, 1058 (No. 89–2804, 1993)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Those four elements are: (1) that a condition or activity in the employer's workplace<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">presented a hazard to employees; (2) that the cited employer or the employer's industry recognized the hazard; (3) that the hazard was causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm; and (4) that feasible means existed to eliminate or materially reduce the hazard.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">citation omitted</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">S</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">ee also Champlin Petroleum Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 593 F.2d 637, 640 (5th Cir.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1979) (discussing the four factors OSHA must demonstrate to establish a violation of the general duty clause).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">8</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Hazard Existed</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the Eleventh Circuit notes,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a “serious violation”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s one that carries “a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran Grp., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 722 F.3d<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1309</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">quoting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. § 666(k)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“There is no mathematical test to determine whether employees are exposed to a hazard under the general duty clause. Rather, the existence of a hazard is established if the hazardous incident can occur under other than a freakish or utterly implausible concurrence of circumstances.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Waldon Healthcare Ctr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1052, 1060 (Nos. 89-2804 & 89-3097, 1993) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">consolidated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Nat'l Realty & Const. Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 489 F.2d 1257, 1265 n.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">33 (D.C. Cir. 1973)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There is no dispute that Central Site’s employee was operating a bulldozer when he struck and killed an API employee. There is also no dispute Central Site had control over the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and therefore controlled the conditions or practices over which it could reasonably have been expected to exercise control. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s counsel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stipulated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at trial that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[o]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">bviously, being struck by a bulldoze</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r poses a hazard[.]” (Tr. 274</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, the Secretary met the first element of its prima facie case, showing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the existence of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>struck-by hazard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Recognized</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Hazard</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">A</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“recognized hazard”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is a condition</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that is “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">known to be hazardous.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Georgia Elec. Co. v. Marshall</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 595 F.2d 309, 321<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(5th Cir. 1979)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">quoting Georgia Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 5 BNA OSHC 1112, 1115–1116 (No. 9339, 1977)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site’s counsel</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stipulated at trial that “it recognizes the hazard of being struck by heavy equipment.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 232.) Therefore, the Secretary has proven<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the cited<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">hazard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was recognized.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">H</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">azard Likely to Cause Death</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">or Serious Physical Harm</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">T</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he Commission does not require there be a significant risk of the hazard coming to fruition, “only that if the hazardous event occurs, it would create a ‘significant risk’ to employees.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Waldon</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Healthcare Ctr</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1060. Thus, the Commission has made clear “the criteria for determining whether a hazard is ‘causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm’ is not the likelihood of an accident or injury, but whether, if an accident occurs, the results are likely to cause death or serious harm.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Waldon</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Healthcare Ctr</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1063. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">It is self-evident being struck by a vehicle is likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Here, a bulldozer backed over an API employee, killing him. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further, the death of the decedent constitutes at least<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">prima facie</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>evidence that the struck-by hazard was likely to cause death or serious injury.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See e.g., Usery v. Marquette Cement Mfg. Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 568 F.2d 902, 910 (2d Cir. 1977). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Therefore, the Secretary has established the cited hazard was likely to cause death or serious physical harm</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to an employee</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Feasible Means<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">of Abatement<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Existed</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“It has been long-established that OSHA does not impose absolute (or strict) liability on employers for harmful workplace conditions; instead, it focuses liability where harm can, in fact, be prevented.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran Grp., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">722 F.3d<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1306. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Wh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ile courts have emphasized the importance of proper instruction and adequate supervision in safety-related matters, “they have consistently refused to require measures beyond those which are reasonable and feasible.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id. See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Horne Plumbing & Heating Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 528<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F.2d 564, 569 (5th Cir.1976) (discussing cases).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Rather it requires t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he employer to eliminate only ‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">feasibly preventable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hazards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Champlin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 593 F.2d at 640 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">citation omitted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t is the Secretary’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s burden to show that demonstrably feasible measures would materially reduce the likelihood that such injury as that which resulted from the cited hazard would have occurred.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(citation omitted)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Secretary must specify the particular steps the employer should have taken to avoid citation, and he must demonstrate the feasibility and likely utility of those measures.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing National Realty and Construction Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>489 F.2d 1257, 1268 (D.C. Cir. 1973)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">9</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“In other words, was it ‘feasibly preventable’?”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Roberts Sand Co., LLLP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 568 F. App'x at 759.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Though resistant to precise definition, the criterion of preventability draws content from the informed judgment of safety experts.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 568 F. App'x at 759–60 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">quoting National Realty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 489 F.2d at 1266)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“A proposed abatement measure is not feasible if ‘conscientious experts, familiar with the industry, would not take it into account in prescribing a safety program.’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">quoting id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Accord</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Pepperidge Farm, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1993, 2032 (No. 89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-0265, 1997) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">abatement<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">feasible<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">if “conscientious experts, familiar with the industry” would prescribe those means and methods to eliminate or materially reduce the recognized hazard) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing National Realty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 489 F.2d at 1257).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the citation alleged the hazard resulted from employees “working in close proximity to vehicular traffic/construction equipment inside a construction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">work zone</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Compl. Ex. A at 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">asserts one abatement method is found in section 6.4 of the national consensus standard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ANSI/ASSE A10.47- 2015, the Work Zone<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Safety for Highway Construction, which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is part of the American National Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ection 6.4 relates to Internal Traffic Control Plans (ITCP)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requires employers to “develop traffic control plans for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">inside their work zones</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to minimize backing and other conflicts between employees and work vehicles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">/</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment and to maximize the separation of vehicles and pedestrians.” (Ex. R-14, § 6.4) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“work zone” is defined as an “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">area of a highway</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with construction, maintenance/repair or utility work activities” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, § 3.45) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Clearly the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at issue here was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">area of a highway</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with construction, maintenance/repair or utility work activities.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Therefore,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contrary to the citation’s assertion,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the alleged violation did not occur “inside a construction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work zone</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the “scope”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">section states it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“covers employees engaged in construction, utility work, maintenance, or repair activities<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">on any area of a highway</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.” (R-14, § 1.1</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">T</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at issue</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>here</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">not</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“on any area of a highway.” </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Likewise, an “activity area” is defined as the “section of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">highway</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where the work activity takes place.” (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§ 3.2) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">). The Secretary presented no evidence that the work activity took place on a “section of the highway” or that the activity area<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">involved “any area of a highway</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">10</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further, an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ITCP</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">intended<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“to control the flow of construction employees, work vehicles and equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">within the work space</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.” (Ex. R-14, § 3.17) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">). The “work space” is the “portion of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">roadway closed to traffic<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and set aside for workers, equipment and material.” (Ex. R-14, § 3.44) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Again, t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he Secretary presented no evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the work space involved a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">portion of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">roadway closed to traffic</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">and set aside for w</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">orkers, equipment and material.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Nonetheless,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the issue is whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary’s proposed abatement method,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was feasible and if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">implemented, would have eliminated or materially reduced the hazard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">If the proposed abatement ‘creates additional hazards rather than reducing or eliminating the alleged hazard, the citation must be vacated for failure to prove feasibility ....’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">CSA Equip. Co., LLC</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 24 BNA OSHC at 1476 (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">quoting</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Kokosing Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1869, 1875 n.19 (No. 92-2596, 1996);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Royal Logging Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 7 BNA OSHC 1744, 1751 (No. 15169, 1979) (finding it proper to reject proposed abatement methods that “cause consequences so adverse as to render their use infeasible”),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">aff'd</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 645 F.2d 822 (9th Cir. 1981)).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Alexander Eljallad</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Central Site</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s project manager, was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">qualified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">by the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">as an expert in site development (Tr. 388, 400-401).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">11</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Given Eljallad was experienced and knowledgeable in the areas of site development and the operation of heavy machinery on a construction site,</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">12</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Court credits his expert testimony.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eljallad opined<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">abatement method proposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">by the</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Secretary in the citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">was not feasible for site development</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. As Eljallad explained</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Worksite]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is an open site, private site. It’s more than five, ten acres—plus ten acres. It’s a constant moving project, so the project is constantly progressing from short periods of time. The difference is that on the right-of-way, [</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ITCP</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pe</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">rtain</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s to</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">] that specific traffic. So you have other pedestrians walking, you have other vehicles on the shoulder. So it actually would have to provide maintenance of traffic and egress and ingress. . . .[A]t the highway, you’re maintaining the exact same procedures constant, which is you’re providing maintenance of traffic, right-of-way permits.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 381-383.)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In contrast to highway construction,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eljallad<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">opined</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">[A site development project like<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is constantly an evolving, moving site. . . . [T]here’s no way that you could use the same methods that you’re using on an offsite turn lane to add onto the on-site turn lane. So what I mean, if you’re going to do barricades or you’re trying to use that same plan, it’s going to cause<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">more people to be on-site. It’s going to cause more harm, there’s more conflicts will be in the way and it’s not feasible.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 389.)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eljallad<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">opined<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">had never seen an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ITCP<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">used on a site development project (Tr. 389.) </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">As h</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e explained,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">As the job’s progressing, you can’t designate a path for people just to walk in an area. We designate work zones. So if I’m working from ST-8 to ST-9, that’s a work zone. That’s where we notify people you can’t—make sure you announce yourself when you’re walking in that area or you’re going to do any work in that area. But if you want to designate a path just to walk around certain areas, there’s other contractors on site. You can’t just go ahead and designate paths for all of them. You can only designate areas to follow.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Tr. 409.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">) The Court credits Eljallad’s opinions and agrees with him that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">abatement method proposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">by the Secretary was not feasible for site development.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">13</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n 2012, the Secretary published</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a Request for Information</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“seeking information about backover incidents that occur when drivers or mobile equipment operators have an obstructed view to the rear.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Reinforced Concrete in Construction, and Preventing Backover Injuries and Fatalities,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>77 FR 18973-01 (March 23, 2012). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Request for Information</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was occasioned by OSHA’s identification of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">358 fatal incidents over a six-year period, from 2005 through 2010. . . . Of these deaths, 142 occurred in the construction industry, and the remaining 216 occurred in general industry, shipyard employment, maritime, and agriculture industries. There were 279 fatalities involving struck-by hazards, and 73 fatalities involved caught-between hazards, 16 of which included workers caught between a loading dock and a tractor trailer, and 6 fatalities caused by falls from backing vehicles. Three types of vehicles caused a large number of deaths: 61 deaths involved dump trucks; 31 deaths involved tractor trailers; and 20 deaths involved garbage trucks. . . . Eight of the deceased workers were using cell phones when the backover incident occurred. Twenty-one fatalities involved vehicles with no<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">driver. Twenty-five of the victims were acting as spotters for the vehicles that backed over them. In many of the cases, employers were using spotters to comply with the existing backover-related standards. In some these cases, OSHA cited employers under § 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, known as the General Duty Clause.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Request for Information<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">discussed backover preventions methods, including the proposed means of abatement at issue, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">TCP</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Internal traffic control plans (ITCP) is another method used to address backover construction equipment, workers, and vehicles at a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to prevent vehicle impacts with workers. These plans can significantly reduce, or possibly eliminate, the need for vehicles to back up on a site. ANSI standard A10.47-2009,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Work Zone Safety for Highway Construction,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section 6.3 recommends that employers develop ITCPs and communicate them to employees. In addition, section 6.3.3 states that an ITCP should include a diagram of travel routes; a listing of all onsite personnel and equipment; a checklist of site-specific safety hazards and how to minimize these hazards; a list of safety notes defining site-specific injury prevention measures; and a plan for communicating the ITCP to workers, truck drivers, and equipment operators.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">However, OSHA has no information on the effectiveness of this consensus standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">us, th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">e Secretary concedes in his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Request for Information</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that OSHA has no informa</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">tion on the effectiveness of the ANSI</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Work Zone Safety for Highway Construction s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">tandard. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Champlin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the Fifth Circuit held the Secretary failed to show the proposed abatement method “would have had any material effect on the likelihood of injuries of the type sustained here.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Champlin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 593 F.2d<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">at 641.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Here, as in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Champlin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the Secretary failed to show</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the proposed abatement method<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">would have had any material effect on the likelihood of injur</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ies of the type sustained here.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Therefore, b</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ased on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">foregoing,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">concludes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary failed to establish a feasible means of abatement</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">even if the Secretary had established<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">worker exposure to the hazard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">since<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">he failed to carry his burden of proving<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">last<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">element of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">his</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prima facie case</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, Citation 1 must<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">still<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">be vacated</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 2</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged Violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1904.40(a)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2 asserts Central Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1904.40(a),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">one of OSHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>recordkeeping standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when it allegedly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not provide an authorized government representative the records within the four business hours.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Compl. Ex. A at 7). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">More specifically, it asserts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[o]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n or about 03/10/2016, at the job site - the employer did not provide OSHA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">300 logs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>after a request.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">14</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under the law of the Eleventh Circuit, “the Secretary will make out a prima facie case for the violation of an OSHA standard by showing (1) that the regulation applied; (2) that it was violated; (3) that an employee was exposed to the hazard that was created; and importantly, (4) that the employer ‘knowingly disregarded’ the Act’s requirements.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran Grp., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">722 F.3d at 1307.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Eller-Ito Stevedoring Co., LLC v. Sec'y of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 567 F. App'x 801, 803 (11th Cir. 2014)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">same</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">V</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">acated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>after concluding the Secretary failed to prove the second prong</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prima facie case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cited recordkeeping standard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 309.) </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">asserts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in his brief, he “did present a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prima facie</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>case” but “this Court nonetheless determined that the citation would be vacated based on an assumption not supported by the record[.]” (Compl’t’s’ Br. 21). He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sserts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that in vacating<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2 at trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court “assumed facts not in evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Compl’t’s’ Br. 20). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In support of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ese</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>assertion</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Secretary argues the Court “based its ruling on its assumption that the delivery notification (R-19<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 6) indicates that OSHA's email request was never received.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 21) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 310). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">finds no merit in these assertions</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">15</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Cited<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Applied</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The cited<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">recordkeeping</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">mandates “[w]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">h</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">en an authorized government representative asks for the records you keep under part 1904, you must provide copies of the records within four (4) business hours.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">” 29 C.F.R. § 1904.40(a).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago sent an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">email to Central Site</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>counsel</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on March 10, 2016, at 10:00 a.m.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">asking him to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“provide a copy of the 2015 OSHA 300A (4 hours response required)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was OSHA’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">compliance safety and health officer</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">that conducted the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Worksite</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">investigat</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ion in this case</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">A<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">compliance safety and health officer</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is “a person authorized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, to conduct inspections.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 C.F.R. § 1903.22(d). Therefore, Santiago was “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">an authorized government representative</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">that asked for the records<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">within the meaning of the cited recordkeeping standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site was required to use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHA 300</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">-</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">A<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">f</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">orm<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">for recordable injuries and illnesses.”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1904.29(a). Therefore,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Santiago<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">asked for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the records<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Central Site<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">keep</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>under part 1904</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Thus, the Court concludes the cited recordkeeping standard applied.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Cited Standard was Violated</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary asserts after emailing the request, Santiago “received an automated response that OSHA believes suggests the email was delivered but that no information as to whether the email was read was provided.” (Compl’t’s’ Br. 20) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-19 at 6).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hat OSHA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">believes”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the automated response “suggests”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is irrelevant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has the burden of proving<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">more than mere “suggestions</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e must prove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">each element of his prima facie case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since the records<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">request<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was sent by email to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s counsel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, a condition precedent to a violation is proof that Central Site’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">received</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the email requesting the records. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he automated response<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">state</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[d]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">elivery</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to these recipients or groups is complete<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">but no delivery notification was sent by the destination server</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">E</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mphasis added</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to the Secretary, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orst case scenario,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” the automated response “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">does not confirm delivery, but does confirm that the email was sent by OSHA.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Compl’t’s’ Br. 20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the evidence shows the Secretary’s “worst case scenario” did occur. Central Site’s counsel indicated in an email to Santiago on March 16, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he did not receive<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the email sent by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">March 10, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Therefore, a preponderance of evidence shows the Secretary failed to establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">received</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Santiago’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">request</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a copy of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2015<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">300</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>form</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ven assuming the email was not received by Central Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s counsel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did understand that OSHA was requesting the 300 log</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” since<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sent two emails on March 16, 2016, confirming that OSHA called letting him know that no 300 log was received and therefore a citation was being recommended.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">citing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R-19 at 7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Again, the Court finds no merit in the Secretary’s argument.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">admitted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the basis of the violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he did not receive a response<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>March 10, 2016 email</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 308).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">More importantly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">alleges a violation on or about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">March 10, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Given the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specific<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">date</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>referenced<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the limited window of four hours afforded by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both the citation and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the cited standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to provide the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requested<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">records</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site could not have cured the alleged violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">after</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">March 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Therefore,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court concludes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary failed to establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Central Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s counsel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">received<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Santiago’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">email<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on March 10, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">us</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">concludes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary failed to prove the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cited recordkeeping standard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly,<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">V. ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">both C</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">itation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1 and Citation 2</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">VACATED</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">out</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the imposition of a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ny</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalt</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ies</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><a name="ftnref16" href="#ftn16">16</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">SO ORDERED</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">                                                                       </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/ John B. Gatto </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">                   </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> John B. Gatto</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">                                                                       </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> Administrative Law Judge </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Dated: July 7, 2017</span></p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.33cm; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Secretary of Labor has assigned responsibility for enforcement of the Act to OSHA and has delegated his authority under the Act to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, who heads OSHA.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Order No. 4–2010 (75 FR 55355), as superseded in relevant part by 1–2012 (77 FR 3912)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. The Assistant Secretary has redelegated his authority to OSHA’s Area Directors to issue citations and proposed penalties.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. §§ 1903.14(a) and 1903.15(a). The terms “Secretary” and “OSHA” are used interchangeably herein.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">2 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Under section 17 of the Act, violations are characterized as “willful,” “repeated,” “serious,” or “not to be of a serious nature” (referred to by the Commission as “other-than-serious”). 29 U.S.C. §§ 666(a), (b), (c). A “serious” violation is defined in the Act; the other two degrees are not.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>§ 666(k).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">3 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Attached to the complaint and adopted by reference were the two citations at issue</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Commission Rule 30(d) provides that “[s]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">tatements in a pleading may be adopted by reference in a different part of the same pleading or in another pleading or in any motion. A copy of any written instrument which is an exhibit to a pleading is a part thereof for all purposes.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 C.F.R § 2200.30(d).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">4 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Commission “serves as a ‘neutral arbiter’ between the Secretary and cited employers.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">ComTran Grp., Inc. v. U.S. Dep't of Labor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 722 F.3d 1304, 1307 (11th Cir. 2013) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">citing Cuyahoga Valley Ry. Co. v. United Transp. Union</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 474 U.S. 3, 7 (1985). Congress vested the Commission with the “adjudicatory powers typically exercised by a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">court</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the agency-review context.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Martin v. Occupational Safety and Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 499 U.S. 144, 151, 154 (1991) (emphasis in original). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Under the Act, an employer may seek review in the court of appeals in the circuit in which the violation occurred, the circuit in which the employer’s principal office is located, or the District of Columbia Circuit. 29 U.S.C. § 660(a). The Secretary may seek review in the circuit in which the violation occurred or in which the employer has its principal office. 29 U.S.C. § 660(b). This case arose in Florida, which is in the Eleventh Circuit. “[I]n general, ‘[w]here it is highly probable that a Commission decision would be appealed to a particular circuit, the Commission has ... applied the precedent of that circuit in deciding the case—even though it may differ from the Commission's precedent.’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Dana Container, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1776, 1792 n.10 (No. 09-1184, 2015) (</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">quoting</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bros. Tree Serv.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 2064, 2067 (No. 96-1719, 2000) (citation omitted)). The Court applies the precedent of the Eleventh Circuit in deciding the case, where it is highly probable that a Commission decision would be appealed to.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">6 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court notes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary stated in his brief “the Court’s request that the parties brief whether the deceased API employee can be the basis of the section 5(a)(l) citation does not need to be briefed.” (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">7 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Santiago’s opinion testimony is inadmissible. “Commission judges should not admit opinion testimony by a compliance officer on a subject about which only an expert may testify, unless the compliance officer has been shown qualified as an expert in that area.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Kaspar Electroplating Corp.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">16 BNA 1517, 1519. </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">Federal Rule 701 provides that “[i]f a witness is not testifying as an expert, testimony in the form of an opinion is limited to one that is: (a) rationally based on the witness’s perception; (b) helpful to clearly understanding the witness’s testimony or to determining a fact in issue; and (c) not based on scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule 702.” Fed. R. Evid. 701. Thus, Rule 701(c) is intended “to eliminate the risk that the reliability requirements set forth in Rule 702 will be evaded through the simple expedient of proffering an expert in lay witness clothing.” Fed. R. Evid. 701 Notes of Advisory Committee on 2000 amendments. The Secretary made no attempt to qualify Santiago as an expert witness under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. Further, Santiago acknowledged he had no experience in construction work, site development, development of an internal traffic control plan, highway construction, implementation of the cited ANSI Standard, or the use of heavy equipment, including bulldozers (Tr. 312, 315-316). The Court does not credit Santiago’s lay opinion testimony.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">8 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eleventh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Circuit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was created when the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Fifth</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Circuit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>split on October 1, 1981. Immediately after the split, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eleventh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Circuit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stated in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Bonner v. City of Prichard, Alabama</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 661 F. 2d 1206 (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">11th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Cir</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. 1981) (en banc), that any<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">opinion</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>issued by the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Fifth</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Circuit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before the close of business on September 30, 1981 is binding precedent on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Eleventh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Circuit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">. After that date, however, only the decisions of the continuing Fifth Circuit's Administrative Unit B are binding on Eleventh Circuit, while Unit A decisions are merely persuasive.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Stein v. Reynolds Sec., Inc.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">667 F.2d 33, 34 (11th Cir.1982).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.33cm; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">9 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Cargill, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 10 BNA OSHC 1398, 1401 (No. 78–5707, 1982) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">citing Williams Enterprises, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 4 BNA OSHC 1663, 1666 (No. 4533, 1976) (a “violation of the general duty clause cannot be sustained unless the Secretary is able (1) to establish the type of employer conduct necessary to avoid citation under similar circumstances and (b) to demonstrate the feasibility and likely utility of such conduct”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Arcadian Corp.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 20 BNA OSHC 2001, 2007 (No. 93-0628, 2004),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 110 F.3d 1192 (5th Cir. 1997) (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">i</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">n a general duty clause citation, the “hazard must be defined in a way that apprises the employer of its obligations, and identifies conditions and practices over which the employer can reasonably be expected to exercise control”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">10 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Secretary also argues Central Site had rules in its safety manual “that constitute a form of an ITCP that constitutes adequate feasible abatement, but [it] was not using those rules on the Worksite.”</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Compl’t’s Br. 11). The Court finds no merit in this argument. S</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">ection 6.4’s requirements for an ITCP include: (1) a “diagram showing travel routes for construction equipment and employees within the activity space, access and egress points and the location of equipment and materials storage and staging areas;” and (2) a “plan for communicating changes in the ITCP to employees, equipment operators and truck drivers.” (Ex. R-14, § 6.4.3.) The Secretary has not shown Central Site’s safety manual requires either of those elements. Therefore, it does not “constitute a form of an ITCP.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">11 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Prior to his current position, Eljallad was Central Site’s Safety Director for four years. Before that, he worked in field operations, performing site development, installing underground utilities, and operating heavy equipment (Tr. 376-377). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Eljallad’s CV for additional work experience and certifications (Ex. R-17).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.33cm; ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">12 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Eljallad’s Expert Report (Ex. R-16). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">13 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">Santiago testified the ITCP could include “[s]eparation of employees, barricades, traffic, ways of traffic, spotter . . . it helps separate by separating the equipment and the employees or having a way to keep -- keep employees and vehicles on separate locations. Basically, you remove the struck-by hazard, okay.” (Tr. 296.)</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "> Again, this opinion is inadmissible.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Note 7<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">14 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Both the citation itself and, as indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, the Secretary in his brief, incorrectly refer to the OSHA “300 logs.” Santiago requested the OSHA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">300-A</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>form. (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-19 at 4) (“Please provide a copy of the 2015 OSHA 300A (4 hours response required), I have a copy that is not completed”). “The OSHA 300 form is called the Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses, the 300-A is the Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses, and the OSHA 301 form is called the Injury and Illness Incident Report.” 29 C.F.R. § 1904.29(a).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">As indicated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, a copy of any written instrument which is an exhibit to a pleading is a part thereof for all purposes.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">29 C.F.R § 2200.30(d). Therefore, the citations are a part of the complaint. Nonetheless, while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Rule 15(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits a party to “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">move—at any time, even after judgment—to amend the pleadings to conform them to the evidence,”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">the Secretary’s “failure to amend does not affect the result of the trial of that issue.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(b)(2).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_NoSpacing style_NoSpacing " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">15 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>In his brief, the Secretary “requests that this Court re-open the record as to this citation to ensure the record is complete by receiving all relevant evidence the parties intended to present before issuing a final ruling.” (</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 21). The Secretary’s “request” violated Commission Rule 40(a), which mandates that a “request for an order shall be made by motion” and a “motion shall not be included in another document, such as a brief or a petition for discretionary review, but shall be made in a separate document.” 29 C.F.R. § 2200.40(a). Even if properly before the Court, the Court finds no basis to grant the Secretary’s request. The Secretary’s brief does not point to any “relevant evidence the parties intended to present” that was not already in the record. Further, at trial, the Secretary stipulated that all his exhibits were “fully consumed within” Central Site’s exhibits (Tr. 6-7), and all Central Site’s exhibits, as well as Joint Exhibit 1, were admitted into the Record (Tr. 7). As the record also reflects, after the Court’s ruling, the Court permitted the Secretary’s counsel to make a proffer, which he did, “My proffer is that he – is that the evidence would show that they had a conversation on March 16</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">.” (Tr. 310). The Secretary’s brief also thoroughly addresses his proffer (Compl’t’s’ Br. 20-21). However, as the Court concludes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">, any conversation that took place on March 16</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has no bearing on whether the cited standard was violated.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="line-height:1.15; text-align:justify; text-indent:.318cm; ">
					<a name="ftn16" href="#ftnref16"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">16 </span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Having found the Secretary failed to carry his burden of proving either alleged violation, the Court finds it unnecessary to address Central Site’s affirmative defenses.</span></p>
			</div></div></body>
</html>