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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">1924 Building - Room 2R90, 100 Alabama Street, S.W.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3104</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:10.667px; line-height:1.5; margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Secretary of Labor,</span></p>
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							<p style="line-height:1.5; margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Complainant</span></p>
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							<p style="line-height:1.5; margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> v.</span></p>
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							<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">OSHRC Docket No.: 19-1061</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
									</span>Alabama, LLC,</span></p>
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							<p style="line-height:1.5; margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; "> Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px; line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Kristin R. Murphy, Esq.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor, Atlanta, GA<span>
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				<p style="line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>John H. Coleman, Esq.,<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Burr & Forman, LLC, Birmingham, AL</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For Respondent</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Before: Administrative Law Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sharon D. Calhoun</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>facility in Auburn, Alabama, Respondent,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alabama, LLC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, manufactures gas tanks</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are later installed in motor vehicles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5); C-3; Tr. 35-36, 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the process of manufacturing and testing these gas tanks,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>utilizes at least three types of machines relevant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One type of machine is a Blow Mold Machine, a mainly automated machine which diecasts the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>plastic</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gas tanks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2, C-3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, R-1;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>52,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>63-66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A second type of machine is a Helium Test Machine, which injects the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finished</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gas tanks with helium</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and measures levels of escaped helium</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to detect</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>any leaks present</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the tanks</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 1-5; C-7, C-8, R-11, R-12A, R-12B, R-13, R-14; Tr. 37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 122</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>third type of machine is a Pad Check Machine, which senses whether</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a number of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rubber pads have been properly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attached</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finished and tested</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gas tanks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-9, C-10, R-6, R-8, R-9; Tr. 37-38, 124, 387-88</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Helium Test Machines and the Pad Check Machines are named for their “lines,” which refer to the make and model of the vehicle in which they are to ultimately be installed.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 38, 209</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At issue here a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">re</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two Helium Test Machines, the TMA Line and UMA Line Helium</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Test</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine” and “UMA Helium Test Machine”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and two Pad Check Machines, the ADA and LFA Line Pad Check Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“ADA Pad Check Machine” and “LFA Pad Check Machine”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation, at 7 & 8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If there are multiple Blow Mold Machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">present<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Auburn<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">facility, only “Blow Mold Machine #1” is relevant for purposes of this case.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Helium Test Machines are equipped with manufacturer-installed “light curtains” on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the front and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>sides of the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 1-4; Tr. 42-44, 48-50, 88-89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 98-100</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A light curtain is a bar<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a “transmitter” and a “receiver”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">between which invisible light beams run</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 48-49).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If something breaks the plane of the light curtain, an employee’s hand for instance, the Helium Test Machines immediately stop</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>mid-cycle</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 48-49, 238-39</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In a similar fashion,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Pad Check Machines are equipped with “laser safety scanners,” which create a perimeter of invisible<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">light<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">beams around the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machines,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and which stop the Pad Check Machines if th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>perimeter is disrupted.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-9, at 2; Tr. 49, 124-25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n early 2019, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) received a complaint<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">indicating<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the light curtains<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Helium Test Machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>laser safety scanners on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pad Check Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were not functioning properly.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6); Tr. 36-37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On February 5, 2019, OSHA sent a Compliance Safety and Health Officer (“CSHO”) to investigate this complaint.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7); Tr. 50</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After inspecting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>facility and its manufacturing equipment and conducting interviews with employees, managers, and safety personnel, the CSHO learned the following</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Helium Test Machines, the CSHO learned the light curtains<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">installed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on the TMA and UMA Helium Test Machines were either not functional or only partially functional</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time of his inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and had been that way for several months.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 6; C-14; Tr. 42-44, 51, 95-96, 111-12, 116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He learned the laser safety scanner on the LFA Pad Check</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">similarly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not been functional for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a number of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>months.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 51-52</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 134, 140-41, 211, 304-05</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ADA Pad Check Machine, the CSHO learned its laser safety scanner had been deliberately disabled<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance manager<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">approximately three years prior to the inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This was done</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">expressly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for the purpose of increasing production efficiency because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a number of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“false alarms” had halted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cycling of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 130-33,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-04).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>laser safety scanner was still disabled at the time of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CSHO’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspection.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 130-33, 300-04</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Over the course of his investigation, the CSHO also learned of an incident involving the Blow Mold Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had occurred earlier that year.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n January 23, 2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">production manager</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had entered the Blow Mold Machine to observe it in motion<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in an attempt to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>address quality issues with the gas tanks</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>being produced by the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2A, C-2B, R-3, R-3A, R-4, R-5; Tr. 55, 209, 272-74, 348-49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the machine was completing its cycle, a portion of the machine struck and broke the observing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manager</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s foot.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-2A, C-2B,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-3 at 00:35 to 00:41; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">41,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">63-64</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 67-73</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Following his investigation, the CSHO concluded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had violated three of OSHA’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">general industry safety standards</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>promulgated pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. § 651</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">et seq.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(“the Act”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA therefore issued a two-item serious Citation and Notification of Penalty (“Citation”) and a one-item willful Citation to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleging</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as follows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 1 alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the incident with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee injured in the Blow Mold Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>having</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to ensure employees were removed from the machine during testing or positioning.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 2 alleged<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two instances of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a serious violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) for failing to ensure proper guarding on the Helium Test Machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">based on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">light curtains on the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not being</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>function</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">al</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time of the inspection.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 2, Item 1 alleged two instances of a willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) for failing to ensure proper guarding on the Pad Check Machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">based on the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>laser safety scanners on the machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not being</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>function</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">al</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time of the inspection.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Citations proposed a total penalty of $135,019.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>filed a timely Notice of Contest thereby bringing this matter before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (“Commission”) and this Court.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court held a hearing on this matter on March 21 and 22, 2022 in Montgomery, Alabama.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties have filed post-hearing briefs.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the reasons laid out in detail below, the Court makes the following determinations:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 1 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as a serious violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the proposed penalty of $13,127 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Both instances of Citation 1, Item 2 are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as serious violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the proposed penalty of $9,377 is assessed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Both instances of Citation 2, Item 1 are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, although only instance (a) is affirmed as a willful violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Instance (b) is reclassified as a serious<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, the total proposed penalty of $112,515 is assessed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>willful violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">JURISDICTION AND COVERAGE</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The parties agree<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>timely contested the Citations (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3) &(4)).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties further agree the Commission has jurisdiction over this action and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is a covered employer under the Act (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1)-(2)). Based on these stipulations and the record evidence, the Court finds the Commission has jurisdiction over this proceeding under § 10(c) of the Act, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is a covered employer under § 3(5) of the Act.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">BACKGROUND</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Alabama</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manufactures “automotive parts” at a facility located in Auburn, Alabama</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where it employs<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">approximately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">105 people</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">87</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ertain people working in the facility<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employed by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>directly while others work for two other companies, “Jian” and “J&C,” wh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ich</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suppl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>temp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>workers to operate<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machines on certain occasions.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 46-47, 117,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>208,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">235, 240-41).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Among the automotive parts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>produces and tests at its facility in Auburn are gas tanks for Hyundai and Kia-brand motor vehicles.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5); C-3; Tr. 35-36, 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At least three different types of machines are i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nvolved</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the production and testing of gas tanks at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>facility in Auburn:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Blow Mold Machine, the Helium Test Machines, and the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court will detail each type of machine, including how it is operated by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees and any safety hazards associated with the machine.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Blow Mold Machine</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Blow Mold Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">produces the gas tanks at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility through a diecasting process.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2, C-3, R-1; Tr. 52, 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The machine is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">caged off from the rest of the facility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2, C-2A, C-2B, C-3, R-1; Tr. 60-62</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">consists of several moving parts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and typically<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operates in automatic cycles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-3; Tr. 52, 66, 288, 347</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cycle of the Blow Mold Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proceeds</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as follows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he two halves of the gas tank mold<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are pressed together</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and the mold is injected with molten plastic.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-3 at 00:20-00:36; Tr. 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A longer “shuttle” then travels the length of the caged</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-off</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>area and thereby extracts the finished gas tank from the mold. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-3 at 00:36 to 00:40; Tr. 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Accident Involving the Blow Mold Machine</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On January 23, 2019, one of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">roduction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">anagers,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Woong Gi Park, noticed an issue with the quality of the tanks being produced by the Blow Mold Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>tanks were not sealing properly.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 72-73).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To address this issue, Park planned to enter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">caged</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">off area</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Blow Mold Machine and observe<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in motion<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">while it cycled.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2A & C-2B; Tr. 58-61, 67-69, 71-73</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Per<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>policy on observing active machines, Park filled out a “Non</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tandard Work Safety Analysis” form, in which he addressed, among other issues, how he intended to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">abate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the hazards associated with being in proximity to the Blow Mold Machine while it cycled.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">75-78, 272, 344-48, 359-60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">bate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>these hazards, Park simply wrote “communication,” which ultimately translated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to him<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stationing a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>second employee by the Blow Mold Machine’s emergency-stop button</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">halt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>if necessary.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4; Tr. 78-80, 346-47</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety manager, Michelle Blankenship, signed this form and thereby approved Park’s plan to enter the Blow Mold Machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4; Tr. 75, 80-81, 272</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Park entered the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">caged</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-off</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>area of the Blow Mold Machine and stood on a small</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>grate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d surface</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>adjacent to the moving<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shuttl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2A & C-2B; Tr. 52, 56-62, 66, 71-72</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">written lockout/tagout (“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">LOTO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>policy requir</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed Park to put the Blow Mold Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">into “manual” mode</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and operate it with a handheld “pendant”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when observing it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in motion</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-3, at 3; Tr. 288, 346-48, 355).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nstead</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Park left the machine in “automatic” mode.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 288, 34</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8-49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the machine was completing a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cycle, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>moving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>shuttle portion of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was traveling<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the length of the caged-off area to extract a finished gas tank and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in doing so</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">struck Park’s foot and broke it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-3, at 00:04 to 00:10; Tr. 64, 69-71, 209, 348</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Following its investigation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>concluded Park had violated the company’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">LOTO policy, and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Park received both a verbal and written warning as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-3, R-3A, R-4; Tr. 189, 288-89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Helium Test Machines</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">utilizes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in its Auburn facility, two of which are implicated in this case: the TMA Helium Test Machine and the UMA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5); Citation at 7; Tr. 36-37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Both machines cycle 300 times a shif</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t, two shifts a day</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10) & (11)).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As a general matter,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two machines serve the same purpose.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Both</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have testing chambers wherein<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a finished gas tank</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is filled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with helium</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 37).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The machines have sensors to detect</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>whether any helium escapes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>into the testing chamber</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, thereby detecting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>whether there are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>any leaks in the finished tanks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As a practical matter, employees operate the two Helium Test Machines differently</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">so</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are exposed to distinct hazards from each</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The TMA Helium Test Machine</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In operating</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the TMA Helium Test Machine,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee places the gas</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tank on a flat metal plate, which is approximately at waist height, and connects a hose to the tank.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-7, at 00:00 to 00:13; Tr. 37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 109-10, 122</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employee then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">presses</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the machine’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>start button, which causes the metal plate on the machine to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lift up</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>into<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>vacuum testing chamber.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-6, at 1;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-7, at 00:13 to 00:22; Tr. 37, 109-10, 122</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No evidence was offered on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">height of this chamber</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">owever, in the video clip of the machine’s operation, the chamber is located<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">above</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">head of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee operating the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-7, at 00:00 to 00:05</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 181 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stating the chamber<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“above my head”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After the machine completes its testing of the gas tank, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>metal plate is lowered back to its starting position.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-8, R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The lowering of the metal plate<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occurs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>automatically when the machine has finished its testing of the gas tank.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The operation of the TMA Helium Test Machine exposes workers to several potential hazards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">First,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on either side of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">moving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>metal plate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are pinch points where the plate meets flush with a flat, metal surface on the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-8, R-12B; Tr. 109-11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 296-98</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The manual for the TMA Helium Test Machine acknowledges the existence of these pinch points.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 296-98).</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Second,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the metal plate applies approximately 87 pounds of pressure in the process of lifting and lowering the gas tanks into the testing chamber and therefore poses a crush hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, especially for someone<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">who may be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standing below the plate as it lowers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-8, R-12B;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 89-92, 109</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To address these hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">TMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is equipped</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with manufacturer-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">installed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">light curtains.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 1 & 2;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-14, at 2;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 48-50, 88-89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 218-19, 258</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A light curtain<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">consists of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a transmitter and receiver which emit invisible light between them.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 48-49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 258</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If something disrupts the plane of light</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>between the transmitter and receiver</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, an employee’s hand for example, the machine automatically stops mid-cycle.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 48-49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 218, 258</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The TMA Helium Test Machine ha</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two light curtains on the front of the machine and one on each side.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 1 & 2; Tr. 50, 88-89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the time of OSHA’s inspection, the light curtains on the TMA Helium Test Machine had been</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>either</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inoperative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or only partially operative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>approximately</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>three to six months.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-14, at 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 95-96</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 218, 259-60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers were aware of the issue<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the TMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s light curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">50-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">51, 95-96, 116,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">259-60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nonetheless, employees continued to operate the machine without functioning light curtains.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 95-96</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In lieu of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">functional light curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, tape had been placed on the ground approximately 3 to 4 feet in front of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">TMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>instructed some of its employees to stand behind this tape while the machine cycled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 116, 122; Tisdale Dep. 73, 80, 93</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, many employees did not know the purpose of the tape or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">simply<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">forgot</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to stand behind it while the machine cycled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 117-18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The UMA Helium Test Machine</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The UMA Helium Test Machine is operated altogether differently from the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">First, employees load a gas tank into a large metal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">drawer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by sliding it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">off a metal surface<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">adjacent to the open drawer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-6, at 3 & 4;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>R-14, at 00:12 to 00:26;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 100-01, 107,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">109,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">190</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employees must then reach into the drawer to attach hoses to the gas tank, hoses which will ultimately fill the tank with helium to te</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t for leaks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 00:26 to 00:37; Tr. 37, 107, 109-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 261-62</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">An employee then starts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a cycle<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“swiping” a button</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in front of the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3 & 4; R-14, at 00:37 to 00:40; Tr. 108, 190-91</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This causes the drawer to slide into the testing chamber.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 00:40 to 00:44; Tr. 108, 190</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After the machine finishes testing the tank, the drawer then automatically slides back out.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 4; R-14, at 02:24 to 02:32; Tr. 103</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees must then reach back into the drawer to remove the hoses from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the tested tank and slide it out from the drawer.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 02:32 to 02:44; Tr. 108</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 261-62</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The sliding of the drawer on the UMA Helium Test Machine exerts approximately 125 pounds of pressure and thereby creates<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pinch<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crush point</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s when the machine is cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 105-06).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One particular pinch or crush point exists</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>between the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sliding<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">drawer and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>aluminum “stop” located halfway on the front of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">surface</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on which the drawer slides</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3, 4, 6; Tr. 100-04, 111-13</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This pinch point is clearly labeled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by stickers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Additionally, the sliding of the drawer into</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and out of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the testing chamber creates pinch points between the side of the drawer and adjacent metal surfaces, pinch points which are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clearly labeled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stickers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3 & 4; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">100-04, 107, 111-13</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 260-61</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To address these potential hazards, the UMA Helium Test Machine, like the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, is equipped with manufacturer-installed light curtains on the front and sides.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3; Tr. 48-49,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">89,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">98, 210-11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">se</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>light curtains were not fully functional at the time of the CSHO’s inspection, with the side curtains being completely inoperative and the front</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">functioning<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">only intermittently.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6, at 6;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-14, at 2; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">97, 100, 218, 259-60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers were aware of the issue<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">U</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">MA Helium Test Machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 6;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">50-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">51, 116, 259-60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 270-71</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nonetheless,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">continued to operate the UMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with partially functional and completely inoperative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>light curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 6; C-14, at 1; Tr. 113</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, like the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, tape had been placed in front of the UMA Helium<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ome employees had been instructed to stand behind this line while the machine cycled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, while</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>others had not been trained on the tape’s purpose</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 117-18; Tisdale Dep. 93</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Pad Check Machines</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two Pad Check Machines at issue, the LFA and ADA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pad Check Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operated similarly.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, R-9; Tisdale Dep. 173</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The main purpose of the Pad Check Machines is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to ensure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the attachment of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">four or five rubber pads, which are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attached to the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>tanks to decrease the amount of vibration and rubbing against the frame of the motor vehicle</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s in which the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>tanks</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are installed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 37-38</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 221, 387-88</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operate a Pad Check Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee slides a tank from the line onto a flat metal surface</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and up against a T-shaped “stopper” on the far end of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>metal</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>surface.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:00 to 00:06; R-9, 00:03 to 00:10; Tr. 124</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 138, 225-26</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The distance between the employee and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>gas tank<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at this point in time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is approximately eight inches.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 162;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tisdale Dep. 48-49, 51</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employee then scans a bar code on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tank and activates the Pad Check Machine by pressing the start button.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:06 to 00:12; R-9, at 00:12 to 00:13; Tr. 124, 140</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This causes a metal “arm” to swing down<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">toward</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the gas tank</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lifted from the surface of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>what appear to be plastic lifts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:13 to 00:20; R-9, at 00:13 to 00:17; Tr. 124</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Attached to th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>arm<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is a half-inch thick, aluminum plate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and attached to th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>plate are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a number of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>three-pound rated springs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or “plungers”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>situated in the same pattern as the rubber pads on the gas tanks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-9A & 9B;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-10, at 00:19;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>R-18; Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>125,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">320-21,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">374, 384-90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The three-pound rating on the springs does not represent the actual amount of force exerted by the metal arm when</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>moves up or down, or the amount of pressure the arm is capable of exerting.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 387-88, 390-91).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Rather, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s the arm presses down on the gas tank, the springs are designed to sense the amount of pressure being exerted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on them</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and once that level of pressure reaches three pounds on each spring, the Pad Check Machine is designed to recognize all the rubber pads have been<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attached to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the tank.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 320-21, 387-88, 391</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After the springs determine the attachment of the pads<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the tank, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he metal arm then swings back up to its starting position.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:20 to 00:25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; R-9, at 00:19 to 00:21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The entire</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testing process takes a little over ten seconds from the time the employee activates the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:12 to 00:24; R-9, at 00:12 to 00:23).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Once the process is complete, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ssuming the rubber pads have all been</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>properly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>installed, the employee then places<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">plastic bags over certain parts of the tank and removes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the tank</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the metal surface of the Pad Check Machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-9, at 00:24 to 00:34</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 163</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This process occurs at both Pad Check Machines 300 times per shift</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two shifts a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8) & (9); Tisdale Dep. 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The operation of the Pad Check Machines expose</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees to several hazards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">First,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">although the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>parties</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>dispute<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether the plungers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually present</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have stipulated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the existence of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pinch points where the springs on the arm of the machine meet the surface of the gas tank.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8) & (9)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 166; Tisdale Dep. 36</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Second, the metal arm<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the machine swings up and down as the machine operates while the operator is merely inches away, posing a struck-by hazard to the operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the half-inch aluminum plate attached to the arm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:13 to 00:26; R-6,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R-9, at 00:12 to 00:21;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 125-27</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, as evidenced by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>injury occurring</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the ADA Pad Check Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three to four months prior</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the CSHO’s inspection,</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the raising and lowering of the metal stopper at the end of the machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">can<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pose a struck-by hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to an employee reaching over the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-14, at 1; C-15, at 2; Tr. 210, 221, 225, 244-45, 263, 283-84</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Both Pad Check Machines cam</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>equipped with laser safety scanners to address the hazards posed when operating the machines.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">6</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-9, at 2;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 49, 124</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 211-12, 219-20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Similar to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a light curtain, a laser safety scanner creates a perimeter of invisible light, and if something disrupts th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>perimeter, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">achine immediately shut</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>off.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 49, 140-42, 211-12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the LFA Pad Check Machine, the laser safety scanner had not functioned properly for two or three months before the CSHO’s inspection.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">51-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">53</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 304-05</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers were aware of this issue.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 51, 304-05).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nonetheless, employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>instructed to continue to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 211-12)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ADA Pad Check Machine, two or three<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">years</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the CSHO’s inspection,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance manager at the time, an individual named Chris Kim, deliberately disabled the laser safety scanner on the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 53, 130-33, 300-04</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Kim disabled the safety scanne</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it was creating too many “false alarms” and hindering production on the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 133-34, 302-03</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In other words, the scanner was disabled to promote<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">production<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">efficiency on the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 303).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The deliberate disabling of the safety scanner on the ADA Pad Check Machine was performed in front of Wills, who succeeded Kim as the maintenance manager at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 300-04</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Wills thus knew the safety scanner had been deliberately disabled.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e did not reassess Kim’s decision to disable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the scanner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; instead</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“put faith in the company’s decision” it was safe to run the ADA Pad Check Machine without it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 302</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees continued to operate the ADA Pad Check Machine despite it not having a functioning laser safety scanner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 209-10, 238-39, 262-64, 301</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Safety Culture at the Auburn Facility</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees testified at the hearing.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee, who was currently working<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as a quality control inspector</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time of the hearing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, was familiar with both the Helium Test and Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 208-09</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">She explained<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers knew the light curtains and laser safety scanners were not working prior to OSHA’s February 5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but workers were told to operate the machines anyway.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 211-12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">She also observed the accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">involving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ADA Pad Check Machine where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">another<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee injured his lip on the machine’s “stopper.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">note<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The second employee worked<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for approximately five-and-a-half years, from 2015 to 2019</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and eventually<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">resigned<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">due to what she viewed as “mismanagement” of safety in the facility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 235-36</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court found this employee to be a forthright and credible witness on how safety was treated at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erefore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>will elaborate on her testimony in some detail</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the start of OSHA’s investigation, this employee told the CSHO “telling managers [about issues with the machines,] it goes in one ear and out the other; it’s quicker to get with maintenance ourselves and get it fixed.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-5, at 3).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For example, on the issue of non-functioning light curtains on the Helium<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Test M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">achines, this employee detailed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">management’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contradictory and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">production-centric</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">response as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[F]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or instance, we had a machine that the light curtain was working on it, Michelle</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[Blankenship</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety manager,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would specifically tell us do not go in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the light curtain, you know, do not go in the machine, don’t touch it, don’t open the door, just leave it alone, but then you would have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">another supervisor or manager would say – you know, tell us to go ahead and go in it or move the machines, take it apart, whatever we have to do to get the engines going down the line.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 237-38).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>This same employee was assigned to operate the ADA Pad Check Machine, despite its laser safety scanner having been disabled by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance manager.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 238-39</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employee knew the purpose of the safety scanner and felt unsafe operating the machine without it:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Because if the light curtain or didn’t anything [sic] work, if you stick your hand or any body part in the machine, you can get hurt because if the light curtain wasn’t working, it wasn’t any kind of way to stop the machine, you know, if something went wrong.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 239).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This employee reported safety concerns</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subject<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to multiple managers and “if maintenance couldn’t fix [the issue], maybe it would start working for a little while and then it stopped, but if it stopped, we just kept working.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">They just keep working because they didn’t want to hold up the line.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 241).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This employee described instances where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>refused to work on a given machine because they though</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>it was unsafe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a manager</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, referred to only as “Dav</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,” brought in a temp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worker from J&C to perform the task in their place.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 240-44).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on at least one occasion,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he same thing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">happened to this employe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">she refused to operate a Pad Check Machine because she thought it was unsafe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and “Dave” brought in a J&C worker to replace her</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 243).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As noted above,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers were generally aware the manufacturer-installed light curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and laser safety scanners</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the Pad Check Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were either inoperative or only partially operative at the time of the CSHO’s inspection.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 6; Tr. 50-51,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">89,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">95-96, 116, 259-60, 270-71, 300-05</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CSHO interviewed seven managers during his investigation, each of whom acknowledged t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he light curtains and laser safety scanners were inoperative at the time.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 134, 141).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the hearing, both</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers who testified, Blankenship and Wills, maintained this was not an issue</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ADA Pad Check Machin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because the machin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not operated in a way<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">posed a hazard to employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 262, 301</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Another manager, Cody Yates, who did not testify at the hearing, told the CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attempted to order<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a replacement laser safety scanner for the LFA Pad Check Mac</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, he was told there was no budget for it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 140-41</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Yet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the light curtains and laser safety scanners<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subject machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">made<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operational by the time<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the CSHO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>returned to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Auburn facility on February 6, 2019,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">one</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>day</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>after his initial inspection.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 143-44</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Complaint, Inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>&</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sometime “[b]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">efore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>February 5, 2019, OSHA received a complaint that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[e] light curtains were inoperable on the TMA line helium test machine, UMA line pad check machine, and ADA line pad check machine”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>facility in Auburn.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6)).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As a result of this complaint, OSHA sent CSHO David Tisdale to inspect the Auburn facility and further investigate the complaint.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7); Tr. 35-37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On several occasions, from February 5, 2019, to April 30, 2019, CSHO Tisdale inspected<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>facility, conducted interviews with employees and managers,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reviewed documents provided by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d inspected and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">took photographs of the various machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7); C-2, C-6, C-9, C-14, C-15; Tr. 38-41</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Following his inspection and investigation, the CSHO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">concluded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">147(f)(1)(ii) on January 23, 20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when Park was injured while not safely positioned in the energized Blow Mold Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 55-56).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO further concluded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not having functional light curtain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">either</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>UMA Helium Test Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 96-98).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, the CSHO concluded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had willfully violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) by not having operational laser safety scanners on either the ADA or LFA Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 123).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA ultimately issued the two-item serious Citation and one-item willful Citation giving rise to this proceeding.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">THE CITATIONS</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Secretary’s Burden of Proof</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In order to establish a violation of an occupational safety or health standard, the Secretary has the burden of proving: (a) the applicability of the cited standard, (b) the employer's noncompliance with the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s terms, (c) employee access to the violative conditions, and (d) the employer's actual or constructive knowledge of the violation (i.e., the employer either knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative conditions).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Battery Co., Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., No. 90-1747, 1994 WL 682922, at *6 (O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Dec. 5, 1994).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Applicable Law</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The employer or the Secretary may appeal a final decision and order to the federal court of appeals for the circuit in which the violation allegedly occurred or where the employer has its principal office, and the employer also may appeal to the D.C. Circuit.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 U.S.C. §§ 660(a) and (b). Here, the violation occurred in Auburn, Alabama in the Eleventh Circuit. The parties have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not identified, and the record does not contain, any principal place of business</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>other</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>than Alabama</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Where it is highly probable that a case will be appealed to a particular circuit, the Commission has generally applied the precedent of that circuit in deciding the case, even though it may differ from the Commission’s precedent.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bros. Tree Serv</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., No. 96-1719, 2000 WL 294514, at *4 (O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>March 16, 2000). Here, the parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not offer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and the Court has not found, relevant Eleventh Circuit precedent that differs from the Commission’s precedent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on any material issue raised in this case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">7</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court therefore applies Commission precedent in this case.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 1, Item 1:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged Serious Violation of § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Alleged Violation Description</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 1 alleges the following:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1910.147(f)(1)(ii):</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees were not removed from the machine or equipment area in accordance with paragraph (e)(2) of this section during testing or positioning of machines, equipment, or components thereof:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a) Production Floor; On or about January 23,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2019,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an employee was exposed to struck-by and crush-by hazards in that the employee was allowed to be inside the Blow Mold Machine #1 production cell while it was in automatic operation. The employee was not safely positioned and was struck-by the machine.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Cited Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Testing or positioning of machines,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or components thereof. In situations in which lockout or tagout devices must be temporarily removed from the energy isolating device and the machine or equipment energized to test or position the machine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or component thereof, the following sequence of actions shall be followed: ...<span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohovertext style_cohovertext " style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(ii)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Remove employees from the machine or equipment area in accordance with paragraph (e)(2) of this section ...</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Section (e)(2), referenced in the cited standard, provides in relevant part as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Release from lockout or tagout. Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored to the machine or equipment, procedures shall be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">followed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and actions taken by the authorized employee(s) to ensure the following:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The work area shall be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(1) The Applicability of the Cited Standard</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under Section<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.147(a)(1)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the LOTO standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected energization or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">start up</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machines or equipment, or release of stored energy, could harm employees. This standard establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of such hazardous energy.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, under Section 1910.147(a)(2), the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard “applies to the control of energy during servicing and/or maintenance of machines and equipment” but not to normal production operations.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.147(b) defines “servicing and/or maintenance” as “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[w]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">orkplace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>activities such as constructing, installing, setting up, adjusting, inspecting, modifying, and maintaining and/or servicing machines or equipment.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, Park entered the Blow Mold Machine to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>observe the machine in operation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">so he could</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>address a quality issue with the gas tanks being produced by the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 72-73).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">His activities thus constituted “servicing and maintenance” under the standard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">AJM Packaging Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 16-1865, 2022 WL 1102423, at *3 (O.S.H.R.C. Apr. 1, 2022)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, as evidenced by Park’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actual injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the Blow Mold Machine, the unexpected<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">startup</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the Blow Mold Machine had the potential<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">harm an employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inside the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">64, 69-71, 209, 348</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">cf. also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Caterpillar, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1584,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1585</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 93-2230, 1996) (relying on employee injuries to find a violation of the standard requiring LOTO training for all potential hazards)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court therefore finds the standard applied to Park’s activities in the Blow Mold Machine.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues the standard did not apply under the “minor servicing” exception contained in a note to the applica</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">bility</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the standard.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">8</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, by its own terms, th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e minor servicing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exception only applies to “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">activities</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>...<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which take place during normal production operations.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-variant:small-caps; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Note</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Park’s activities were not normal production operations, but<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">servicing or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">maintenance activities, as evidenced by his</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>express intention to address a performance issue with the machine and by his</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>use of the “Nonstandard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Work Safety Analysis” form</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>prior to entering the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4; Tr. 72-73).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e minor servicing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exception<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is not relevant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">this case.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">though</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, even if the exception w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ere</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>relevant to Park’s activities in the Blow Mold Machine, there is nothing in the record to suggest Park’s activities were “routine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">repetitive, and integral to the use of the equipment for production,” as required by the exception.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 73-75</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erefore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rejects<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>invocation of the minor servicing exception, as it is inapplicable to the facts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>this case.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>See, e.g.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.C. Watson Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 22 BNA OSHC 1235,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1240</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 05-0175, 2008) (rejecting the application of the exception</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where the employer “failed to show any of these tasks were in fact minor adjustments”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">321 Fed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App’x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>9 (D.C. Cir. 2009)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; margin-left:144px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(2) Compliance with the Standard’s Terms</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.147(f)(1)(ii), read together with Section 1910.147(e)(2), requires employees to be “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safely positioned or removed” when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machine or equipment [is] energized to test or position the machine, equipment or component thereof ...”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, there is no dispute the Blow Mold Machine was energized at the time Park entered it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the purpose of observing it while it cycled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-4, at 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 288, 347-48).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Park’s foot<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">broken</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when it was struck by the moving shuttle on the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2A & C-2B; Tr. 58-61, 67-69, 71-73).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Court</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>therefore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finds he was not “safely positioned” within the machine while testing it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>makes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">no contrary arguments</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on this element of the Secretary’s case.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Cour</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finds the Secretary has established noncompliance the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(3) Employee Access to the Violative Condition</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Exposure to a violative condition may be established either by showing actual exposure or that access to the hazard was reasonably predictable.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1076, 1079 n.6 (No. 90-2148, 1995),<span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 79 F.3d 1146 (5th Cir. 1996).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, Park was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually exposed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the hazard presented by the moving shuttle when he entered the Blow Mold Machine while it was still energized.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has not challenged this element of the Secretary’s case.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds there was actual employee exposure.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(4) Employer Knowledge<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To prove the knowledge element of a violation, the Secretary must demonstrate the employer’s actual knowledge or constructive knowledge of the violation.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Servs., N.A.</span>, 25 BNA OSHC 1216,<span>
					</span>1218<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 10-2659, 2015);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Grp., Inc.</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. U.S.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dep’t</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Labor<span>
						</span></span>,<span><span></span>
					</span>722 F.3d 1304, 1307-08 (11th Cir. 2013).<span><span></span>
					</span>A supervisor’s actual or constructive<span><span></span>
					</span>knowledge<span><span></span>
					</span>of a violation is imputed to<span>
					</span>Donghee.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan v. Sec’y, U.S.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dep’t</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Labor</span>, 812 F.3d 832, 837 (11th Cir. 2016);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC 1281, 1286 (No. 91-862, 1993).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Here, Blankenship,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>safety manager,<span>
					</span>expressly<span><span></span>
					</span>authorized Park’s entry into the Blow Mold Machine when she signed the “Nonstandard Work Safety Analysis” form on January 23, 2019.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exhs. C-4 & R-5; Tr. 75-78,<span>
					</span>80-81,<span>
					</span>257, 272).<span><span></span>
					</span>She thus had actual knowledge<span><span></span>
					</span>of the<span>
					</span>violation, knowledge which is imputed to<span>
					</span>Donghee.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan</span>, 812 F.3d at 837;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC at 1286.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>makes no argument to the contrary on this element of the Secretary’s case.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The<span>
					</span>Court finds<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>had actual knowledge of the violation.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Characterization of the Violation</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary characterized the violation of § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii) as serious. A serious violation is established when there is “a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result [from a violative condition]<span>
					</span>...”<span>
					</span>29 U.S.C. § 666(k).<span><span></span>
					</span>“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This does not mean that the occurrence of an accident must be a substantially probable result of the violative condition but, rather, that a serious injury is the likely result if an accident does occur.”</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ConAgra Flour Milling Co.</span>, 15 BNA OSHC 1817, 1824 (No. 88-2572, 1992).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Park’s foot was broken<span><span></span>
					</span>when it<span>
					</span>was struck by the<span><span></span>
					</span>moving shuttle of the Blow<span>
					</span>Mold<span>
					</span>Machine.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2A & C-2B; Tr. 58-61, 67-69, 71-73).</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This s</span>uggests<span><span></span>
					</span>any further bodily exposure to the moving shuttle could have caused<span>
					</span>even<span>
					</span>greater physical harm to an employee inside the machine.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Montgomery Kone, Inc.</span>, 18 BNA OSHC 2007,<span>
					</span>2011<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 97-1133, 1999) (“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although the injuries<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually suffered</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>may not have been as serious as they could have been, there clearly was a substantial probability that serious injury could result .... We therefore find that this violation was serious.”)</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">234 F.3d 270 (D.C. Cir. 2000)</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>has not challenged the classification of this violation as serious.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds the violation was<span>
					</span>properly characterized as serious.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Unpreventable Employee Misconduct Defense</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>briefly invokes the “unpreventable employee misconduct defense”<span>
					</span>with regard to<span><span></span>
					</span>the violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii).<span><span></span>
					</span>“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In order to establish that affirmative defense, the employer must show: (1) that it has established work rules designed to prevent the violation, (2) that it has adequately communicated these rules to its employees, (3) that it has taken steps calculated to discover whether violations are occurring, and (4) that it has effectively enforced the rules when violations are discovered.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">George Campbell Painting Corp.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1929,<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1933</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>n.15 (No. 94-3121, 1999).</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>bears the burden of establishing each element by a preponderance of the evidence.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span>, 722 F.3d at 1314 (respondents before the Commission bear the burden of proof for affirmative defenses);<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Marson Corp.</span>, 10 BNA OSHC 1660, 1662 (No. 78-3491, 1982) (burden of proof for unavoidable employee misconduct defense lies with the employer).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>briefing of<span>
					</span>its<span><span></span>
					</span>defense is anemic, at best.<span><span></span>
					</span>Its sole citation<span><span></span>
					</span>to<span><span></span>
					</span>the record<span><span></span>
					</span>in support of the elements of the defense<span><span></span>
					</span>is<span><span></span>
					</span>to<span><span></span>
					</span>Exhibit R-2,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>LOTO Instruction Manual.<span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">9</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s<span><span></span>
					</span>Br. 22-23.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>has not directed the Court to any<span>
					</span>particular page<span><span></span>
					</span>of this<span>
					</span>Manual, although the Court notes in two places in this document the following sentence has been highlighted:<span><span></span>
					</span>“No one may enter equipment, shells or machinery during automatic mode[.]”<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exh. R-2, at 3 & 9).<span><span></span>
					</span>The remainder of its “support” for this defense is contained in a<span>
					</span>single<span>
					</span>footnote citing to a treatise which merely reiterates the elements of the defense.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span><span></span>
					</span>at<span>
					</span>22<span>
					</span>n.156.<span><span></span>
					</span>On these grounds alone, the Court finds<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>has<span><span></span>
					</span>waived any reliance on its<span>
					</span>unpreventable employee misconduct<span>
					</span>defense.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span>,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">NLR</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">B</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. McClain of Ga., Inc.</span>, 138 F.3d 1418, 1422 (11th Cir. 1998) (“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Issues raised in a perfunctory manner, without supporting arguments and citation to authorities, are generally deemed to be waived.”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">Were the Court to reach the merits of the defense, it would still reject it.</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">There</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is some<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">evidence</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the record to establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had a work rule</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(element 1)</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">enforced this rule by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">disciplin</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Park following his accident</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(element 4). (</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">. R-2 to R-4).</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">However,</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">there is a dearth of evidence establishing adequate communication and training of Park or establishing what, if any, steps<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>took to discover violations of its work rule (elements 2 and 3).</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has, therefore, failed to fulfill its burden of establishing the affirmative defense of un</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">preventable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:11.5pt; ">employee misconduct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds the Secretary has established all elements of his burden of proof.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>has failed to establish its affirmative defense.<span><span></span>
					</span>Therefore,<span>
					</span>Citation 1, Item 1<span><span></span>
					</span>is<span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>as<span>
					</span>a<span>
					</span>serious violation.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">, Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged Serious Violations of § 1910.212(a)(1)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Alleged Violation Description</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 2 alleges two instances of a serious violation of the cited standard as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1):</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One or more methods of machine guarding was not provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a) TMA Line; On or about February 5,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2019,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and at time prior thereto, the employer exposed employees to caught-in and crushed-by hazards in that employees were required to operate the TMA Line Helium Test Machine with non-functioning light<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">curtains which when working would prevent employees from placing their bodies inside the danger zone during the operating cycle.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b) UMA Line; On or about February 5,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2019,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and at time prior thereto, the employer exposed employees to caught-in and crushed-by hazards in that employees were required to operate the UMA Line Helium Test Machine with non-functioning light curtains which when working would prevent employees from placing their bodies inside the danger zone during the operating cycle.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Cited Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Machine guarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">—</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Types of guarding. One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Examples of guarding methods are—barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(1) The Applicability of the Cited Standard</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212(a)(1) is found in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is captioned “General requirements for all machines.” The standard applies to all machines not covered by a more specific standard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Buffets, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1065,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1066</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>n.3 (No. 03-2097, 2005).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Neither party has identified a more specific standard or argues against the applicability of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212 to the Helium Test Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court, therefore, finds the standard applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(2) Compliance with the Standard’s Terms</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212(a)(1) is “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">performance standard, which means “it states the result required ...</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rather than specifying that a particular type of guard must be used.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 16-1167, 2020 WL 5815499, at *2 (O.S.H.R.C. Sept. 21, 2020).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Performance standards require an employer to identify the hazards peculiar to its own workplace and determine the steps necessary to abate them.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish noncompliance with Section 1910.212(a)(1), the Secretary must establish exposure to a hazard based on “the manner in which the machine functions and how it is operated by the employees ...”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>To establish exposure to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hazard, the Secretary must show “that it is reasonably predictable either </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:normal; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; font-style:normal; ">by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, that employees have been, are, or will be in the zone of danger.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the TMA Helium Test Machine, there are pinch points between the moving metal tray and the adjacent metal surface of the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-8, R-12B; Tr. 109-11, 296-98</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The manual for the machine acknowledges the existence of these pinch points.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 296-98</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Additionally, the r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ising</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and lowering of the metal tray<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">into and out of the testing chamber<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposes an employee underneath the tray to a crush-by hazard, with the tray exerting approximately 87 pounds of pressure<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">during this process</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-8, R-12B; Tr. 89-92, 109</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As part of the operation of the machine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees are required to enter the “zone of danger” when putting a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gas tank onto the tray or removing the tank once it has been tested.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-7, at 00:00 to 00:13; Tr. 37, 109-10, 122, 181</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, employees do this approximately 300 times a shift, two shifts a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has proven employees are exposed to a hazard when operating the TMA Helium Test Machine.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary likewise<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proven exposure to a hazard during the operation of the UMA Helium Test Machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>this machine, there are pinch points on the side of and in front of the machine as the drawer slides in and out of the testing chamber, applying 125 pounds of pressure in the process.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3, 4, 6; Tr. 100-07, 111-13, 260-61</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">These pinch points are clearly marked by stickers on the machine.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">10</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3-5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees must enter the “zone of danger” to place a tank into the drawer for testing, attach hoses to the tank,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>detach the hoses once the tank has been tested,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and remove the tank from the dra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 00:12 to 00:37, 02:32 to 02:44</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Again, employees do this 300 times a shift, two shifts a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">11)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>attempts to obfuscate th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>rather<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">straightforward</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>existence of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazards posed when operating the Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by pointing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">method</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>instructed to operate the machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argue</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s, essentially, if employees follow a particular method when operating the machines, they w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ill<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">never be in the zone of danger while the machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 18-20.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">More<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specifically</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">describes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>how, ideally, employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to operate the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>first by loading the tank onto the metal tray, only then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">starting the machine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">moving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>some distance away<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from the machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cycles, and only approaching the machine once the metal tray<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fully lowered.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>18.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If an employee operate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the machine in this manner,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“no employee has any duties in front of the machine while it is moving</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>continues, an employee operating the machine is out of the zone of danger while the machine is cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the UMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>again lays out the ideal operation of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where an employee would load the tank into the drawer, attach the hoses, start the machine, and step away from the drawer while the machine cycled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 20.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>again</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues “[e]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mployees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have no reason to be in front of the drawer as it is opening and reaching [its] pinch point ...”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 20.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Again,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>contends employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">thus<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">out of the zone of danger while the machine is cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Court rejects<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>attempt to reframe its employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exposure to crush and pinch points when the Helium Test Machines are cycling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is no physical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">barrier</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">between<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the active Helium Test Machines and the employees operating them.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, an employee has unfettered access to the zone of danger while the machines are cycling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">And when the light curtains are inoperative or only partially operative, as they were at the time of the CSHO’s inspection, there is nothing to prevent an employee from entering the zone of danger on the machines when they are cycling and getting caught in the crush and pinch points.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In such cases,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where “no physical guard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[is]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in place at all,”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Commission has consistently<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">held employers “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cannot rely on employee behavior for safety” due to the “possibility that an employee could put a finger or hand in the unguarded point of operation due to fatigue or inattention.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2020 WL 5815499, at *5 n.4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>B.C. Crocker</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 4 BNA OSHC 1775,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1777</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 4387, 1976) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“The [machine guarding]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirement implicitly recognizes that human characteristics such as skill, intelligence, carelessness, and fatigue, along with many other qualities play a part in an individual</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s job performance, and it avoids dependence on human conduct for safety.”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The machine guarding standards “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">require[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">] the employer to do more than merely establishing rules which, if followed, would render the work safe.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1687</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1690</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 77-4476</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1982).</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">11</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Arial; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Arial; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In other words,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is simply not entitled to rely<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on its employees following certain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>practices</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or standing a certain distance from the machines as a means of protecting them from the crush and pinch points present when the machines are cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Packers Sanitation Servs., Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Rev. Comm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 795 F.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>814, 820 (11th Cir. 2020) (finding substantial evidence of exposure to a nip point where “[t]here was no external line or barrier marking a two-foot distance from the machine—the safe distance that Packers identified. Nor was there a hard physical barrier preventing the employee from accessing the nip point.”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">George C. Christopher & Sons, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 1444</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(use of “awareness barriers” was inadequate under machine guarding standards</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because they “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">depend[ed] upon employee behavior for protection”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">although<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had placed tape on the ground to mark the “safe” distance from the active Helium Test Machines and instructed some employees to stand behind the tape while the machine cycled,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>many employees did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">even<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">know what the tape</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">represented</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or “forgot” to stand behind it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 116-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 122, Tisdale Dep. 73, 80, 93</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, even if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>could rely on its employees following certain practices instead of having a physical guard or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operational light curtains</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not adequately instruct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>its employees.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>points to a lack of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">recordable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injuries</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on either of the Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[t]he absence of a history of injury does not relieve an employer of his duty under the standards to prevent future injuries if, as here, there are hazards to which employees are exposed.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">George C. Christopher & Sons, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10 BNA OSHC at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1444</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Buffets, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 1067</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 03-2097</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2005) (lack of injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>relevant but</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“not dispositive” on the issue of employee exposure to a hazard requiring guarding).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has demonstrated the existence of a hazard requiring guarding on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>both Helium Test</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Machines. As it is undisputed the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">light curtain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fully<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operational on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">either machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has not asserted it guarded the machines in any other way, the Secretary has demonstrated noncompliance with the standard.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(3) Employee Access to the Violative Condition</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exposure to a violative condition may be established either by showing actual exposure or that access to the hazard was reasonably predictable.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1079<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n.6.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission has recognized “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the noncompliance element in machine guarding cases overlaps with ... but is not identical to, the exposure element of the Secretary</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s prima facie case.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farms, LLC.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 17-1174,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2020</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>WL 5815506, at *3 n.2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(O.S.H.R.C.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sept. 22, 2020).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, the Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposure to the machines’ pinch and crush points<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was “reasonably predictable” based on the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>regular</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>operation of the machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Employees operating the Helium Test Machines regularly had to put themselves near the moveable parts of the machines to slide a gas tank onto the metal tray (in the case of the TMA Line) or into the drawer (in the case of the UMA Line).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-6, at 3 & 4; C-7, at 00:00 to 00:13; R-14, at 00:12 to 00:26</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 37, 100-01, 107, 109-10, 122).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees on the UMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had to reach into the moveable drawer to attach the hoses to the tanks.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 00:26 to 00:37; Tr. 37, 107, 109-10, 261-62</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, for both machines, employees had to reach at or near crush and pinch points 300 times a shift to operate the machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10) & (11)).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Arial; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Arial; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As to the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues “the machine’s operation simply does not bring employees near pinch points.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>19.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>goes on to argue the crush-by hazard posed by the moving metal plate is “8-feet in the air” and the pinch point hazard of the plate is “2-3 feet away” because “the employee is standing outside a box, 2-3 feet away.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This line of argument ignores the entirety of the operational process, which at some point requires the operator of the TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to approach the machine and reach at or near the pinch points to move the gas tank from the metal plate and load a new one on for testing.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Approaching the machine, which is energized and capable of movement, puts employees in the “zone of danger” of the moving parts of the machine.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cf. Dover High Perf</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Plastics, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 14-1268, 2020 WL 5880242, at *3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O.S.H.R.C.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Sept. 25, 202</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (“Thus, the question before us is whether the Secretary has established that it was reasonably predictable Dover</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>operators would come sufficiently close to the moving parts inside the lathes and mills so as to be exposed to the cited hazard.”).</span></p>
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				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The cases cited by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2020 WL 5815499</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jefferson Smurfit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1419 (No. 89-0553, 1991),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">do not lead to a different conclusion</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the TMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Commission found access to a hazard was not reasonably predictable where the operator intentionally circumvented a pre-existing guard on the machine and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">thereby<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injured himself.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2020 WL 5815499, at *1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">finding access was not reasonably predictable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Commission noted only one operator, the operator who was injured, testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">circumventing the guard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constituted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>regular use of the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at *2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">went on to explicitly discredit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the injured employee’s testimony that intentionally circumventing the guard was a regular practice.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, there is no dispute as to how the TMA Helium Test Machine is regularly operated.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Video evidence of its operation was submitted at the hearing, and neither part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argue</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">this video</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>represents anything other than the normal operation of the machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The video evidence demonstrates</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>normal operation of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">TMA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Helium Test Machine requires employees to approach the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>energized machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and reach toward the metal tray to move gas tanks to and from the tray</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-7, at 00:00 to 00:13; Tr. 37, 109-10, 122).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">They</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erefore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the zone of danger for the crush and pinch points</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jefferson<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Smurfit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Commission found the operators of the machines in question<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">never</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had occasion to be any closer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">than two feet<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the machine’s nip points.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15 BNA OSHC at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">14</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">22</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The operators observed the machines from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a distance of approximately</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two feet and adjusted the machines “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">using crank handles located and designed to keep their hands no closer than 2 feet from the nip points.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1422</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Again,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unlike</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Jefferson Smurfit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the evidence here shows employees regularly had to approach the energized TMA Helium Test Machine during normal operations to move the gas tanks to and from the metal tray.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-7, at 00:00 to 00:13; Tr. 37, 109-10, 122).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues similarly for the UMA Helium Test Machine and again cite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in support of its argument</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 19-20</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court again rejects<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>arguments and reliance on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Regular use of the machine, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">again,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unlike in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is undisputed and documented by video evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>requires employees to approach the machine and reach their hands into the metal drawer to move the gas tank and connect hoses to them.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 00:26 to 00:37; Tr. 37, 107, 109-10, 261-62).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">again must reach</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>into the drawer after the tank has been tested to disconnect the hoses.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-14, at 02:32 to 02:44; Tr. 108, 261-62).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Operation of the UMA Helium Test Machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>puts the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">se employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the zone of danger of the pinch points<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">around<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the drawer.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has proven exposure to the hazard was reasonably predictable for both Helium Test Machines.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(4) Employer Knowledge</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To prove the knowledge element of a violation, the Secretary must demonstrate the employer’s actual knowledge or constructive knowledge of the violation.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Servs., N.A.</span>, 25 BNA OSHC at 1218;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Grp., Inc.</span>, 722 F.3d at 1307-08.<span><span></span>
					</span>A supervisor’s actual or constructive of a violation is imputed to<span>
					</span>Donghee.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan</span>, 812 F.3d at 837 (11th Cir. 2016);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC at 1218.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Here, the CSHO interviewed as many as seven of<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers during his inspection, and all of them knew the light curtains on the Helium Test Machines were<span>
					</span>partially or fully<span><span></span>
					</span>inoperative<span><span></span>
					</span>at the time of his inspection and had<span>
					</span>been inoperative<span><span></span>
					</span>for at least several months.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 50-51, 116).<span><span></span>
					</span>The managers’ actual knowledge is imputed to<span>
					</span>Donghee.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan v. Sec’y, U.S.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dep’t</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Labor</span>, 812 F.3d at 837;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC at 1218.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">In its brief,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>argues<span>
					</span>the Secretary has failed to establish “employer foreseeability” because “the light curtains not functioning is not relevant absent foreseeable<span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">need</span>.”<span>
					</span>Resp’t<span><span></span>
					</span>Br. 19 (emphasis in original).<span><span></span>
					</span>As<span>
					</span>the Court concluded above, however, the Secretary demonstrated the existence of a hazard for which guarding was necessary under the standard.<span><span></span>
					</span>Moreover, in the Eleventh Circuit, a foreseeability analysis only becomes relevant if the Secretary is attempting to establish the knowledge element of a violation based on a supervisor’s own misconduct.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan v. Sec’y, U.S.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dep’t</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Labor</span>, 812 F.3d at 841-42.<span><span></span>
					</span>Here, the managers’ actual knowledge is of “the conditions constituting the violation,”<span>
					</span>i.e.,<span><span></span>
					</span>the need for guarding against potential hazards<span>
					</span>for employees<span>
					</span>operating the Helium Test Machines, not of their own misconduct in committing a violation.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Servs., N.A.</span>, 25 BNA OSHC at 1218.<span><span></span>
					</span>The issue of foreseeability is thus inapposite<span><span></span>
					</span>to this case.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary has established<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>had actual knowledge of the violative condition.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds the Secretary has established all elements of his burden of proof. Therefore,<span>
					</span>both instances of Item 2 are<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED.</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Characterization of the Violation</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary characterized the violation of § 1910.212(a)(1)<span><span></span>
					</span>as serious. A serious violation is established when there is “a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result [from a violative condition]<span>
					</span>...”<span><span></span>
					</span>29 U.S.C. § 666(k).<span><span></span>
					</span>“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This does not mean that the occurrence of an accident must be a substantially probable result of the violative condition but,<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rather, that a serious injury is the likely result if an accident does occur.”</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ConAgra Flour Milling Co.</span>, 15 BNA OSHC<span>
					</span>at<span><span></span>
					</span>1824.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds the violations were properly classified as serious given an employee’s hand or finger could be crushed or pinched in either of the Helium Test Machines<span><span></span>
					</span>while the machines are<span><span></span>
					</span>cycling.<span><span></span>
					</span>Moreover, the<span>
					</span>raising and<span>
					</span>lowering of the tray on the TMA<span>
					</span>Helium Test Machine<span><span></span>
					</span>and the opening<span>
					</span>and closing<span>
					</span>of the drawer on the UMA<span>
					</span>machine<span><span></span>
					</span>occur automatically.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exhs. C-6, at 4; R-14, at 02:24 to 02:32; Tr. 103, 117, 122, 180;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span>note<span>
					</span>,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span><span></span>
					</span>(finding the table on the TMA Helium Test Machine lowers automatically after the machine completes testing)).<span><span></span>
					</span>With inoperative or partially operative light curtains on the machines, there would be nothing to stop the crushing or pinching of an employee’s appendage caught in the machines.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>makes no contrary argument as to the classifications for these violations.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary has properly characterized the violations as serious.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">, Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged Willful Violation of § 1910.212(a)(1)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Alleged Violation Description</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 2, Item 1 alleges two instances of a willful violation of the cited standard as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1):</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One or more methods of machine guarding was not provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a) ADA Line; On or about February 5, 2019</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and at time prior thereto, the employer exposed employees to caught-in and crushed-by hazards in that employees were required to operate the ADA Line Pad Check Machine with non-functioning l</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">aser safety scanner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which when working would prevent employees from placing their bodies inside the danger zone during the operating cycle.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">LFA Line; On or about February 5, 2019</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and at time prior thereto, the employer exposed employees to caught-in and crushed-by hazards in that employees were required to operate the LFA Line Pad Check Machine with non-functioning laser safety scanner which when working would prevent employees from placing their bodies inside the danger zone during the operating cycle.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Cited Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Machine guarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">—</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Types of guarding. One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Examples of guarding methods are—barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(1) Applicability of the Cited Standard</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212(a)(1) is found in<span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.212</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is captioned “General requirements for all machines.” The standard applies to all machines not covered by a more specific standard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Buffets, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1066</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>n.3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Neither party has identified a more specific standard or argues against the applicability of Section 1910.212 to the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court, therefore, finds the standard applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(2) Compliance with the Standard’s Terms</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish noncompliance with Section 1910.212(a)(1), the Secretary must establish exposure to a hazard based on “the manner in which the machine functions and how it is operated by the employees ...”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2020 WL 5815499, at *</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish exposure to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hazard, the Secretary must show “that it is reasonably predictable either </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:normal; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; font-style:normal; ">by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, that employees have been, are, or will be in the zone of danger.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As it did with the Helium Test Machines,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues there was no hazard present in operating the Pad Check Machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>require</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>guarding.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 11-13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">again<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disagrees.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As can be seen in the videos</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the operation of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nothing prevents</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees operating<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Pad Check Machine<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from being<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mere inches from the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lowering metal arm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the half-inch-thick aluminum plate attached to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:00 to 20; R-9, at 00:00 to 00:17; Tr. 124, 138, 162, 225-26; Tisdale Dep. 48-49, 51</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>points out the CSHO “did not even measure arm force or speed, and had no proof of actual or potential bone, skin, banana, or pencil injury to dispute what<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 11.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, the CSHO personally observed the machines during his inspection and perceived the plate to be heavy enough to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an employee who might be caught in the up-and-down motion of the metal arms of the machines.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">12</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 125</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee who regularly operated the Pad Check Machines had the same perception of the hazard caused by the lifting and lowering of the metal plate.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 238-39</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds this evidence sufficient to establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazard associated with operating the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pad Check Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without proper guarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">U.S. v.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jayyousi</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 657 F.3d 1085, 1102-03 (11th Cir. 2011) (lay witnesses may offer opinion testimony based on their personal perceptions and knowledge).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>again points to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manner in which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees were meant to operate the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, i.e.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">approximately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two feet away while it cycled.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, as the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">previously</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#FF0000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">noted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Helium Test Machines,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">where “no physical guard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[is]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in place at all,” the Commission has consistently held employers “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cannot rely on employee behavior for safety” due to the “possibility that an employee could put a finger or hand in the unguarded point of operation due to fatigue or inattention.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2020 WL 5815499, at *5 n.4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, even if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees were instructed to remain two feet from the Pad Check Machines when they cycled, this work rule alone was inadequate to comply with the standard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1690</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">points out the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“machine lowered the metal plate with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[springs]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>capable of producing three pounds of force onto the middle of a plastic gas tank.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 12-13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As evidence the three-pound springs do not pose a hazard to the operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the machine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>points to its videos wherein a banana and a pencil are placed between the pad on the tank and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">springs attached to the metal plate on the arm of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-10A & R-10B)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After the machine lowers and presses on the tank, o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nly a slight indentation is made on the banana’s skin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-10A, at 00:34 to 00:36);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the pencil emerges seemingly unharmed after the Pad Check Machine is finished cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R-10B, at 00:15 to 00:18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court does not find these unscientific videos persuasive as to the possible hazards associated with the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, as the CSHO explained in detail at the hearing, the three-pound rated springs on the machines do not only exert three pounds of pressure; rather, once the pressure on the springs reaches three pounds the machine is designed to interpret that pressure<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to mean a pad has been attached to that location on the gas tank</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 320-21, 387-88, 390-91</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, as the Secretary rightly points out,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">these videos “only address the effect of contact with the plungers at the bottom of each metal plate.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Neither video purports to demonstrate the effect of contact with the plate itself, because neither the banana nor the pencil ever<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">make contact with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the swinging plate.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sec’y’s Br. 20.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cites<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s, LLC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 17-1174, 2020 WL 5815506 (O.S.H.R.C. Sept. 22, 2020),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and argues it supports its theory<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">there was no hazard present when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 12.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farms<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>readily</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>distinguishable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the instant case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, an employee was injured when manually cleaning a machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2020 WL 5815506, at *1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The question before the Commission was whether the manual cleaning of the machine was part of its “normal operation.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at *3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission found<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manual cleaning</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not part of the normal operation of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>based on the inconsistent testimony of the injured employee.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since manually cleaning the machine was not part of the machine’s normal operation, the Commission found the Secretary failed to demonstrate the presence of a hazard requiring guarding.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at *5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, unlike in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, normal operation of the machine, which is documented by video evidence, requires<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees to come within inches of the moveable arm and metal plate of the Pad Check Machines, the hazard the Secretary has cited.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:00 to 00:06; R-9, at 00:03 to 00:10; Tr. 124, 138, 162, 225-26; Tisdale Dep. 48-49, 51).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>again points to a lack of recordable injuries or “close calls” involving the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[t]he absence of a history of injury does not relieve an employer of his duty under the standards to prevent future injuries if, as here, there are hazards to which employees are exposed.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">George C. Christopher & Sons, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1444</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Buffets, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1067</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(lack of injury relevant but “not dispositive” on the issue of employee exposure to a hazard requiring guarding).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has demonstrated the existence of a hazard requiring guarding on the Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As it is undisputed the laser safety scanners were not operational on the Pad Check Machines, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has not asserted it guarded the machines in any other way, the Secretary has demonstrated noncompliance with the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(3) Employee Access to the Violative Condition</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exposure to a violative condition may be established either by showing actual exposure or that access to the hazard was reasonably predictable.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1076, 1079 n.6.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission has recognized “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the noncompliance element in machine guarding cases overlaps with ... but is not identical to, the exposure element of the Secretary's prima facie case.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wayne Farms, LLC.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 17-1174, 2020 WL 5815506, at *3 n.2 (O.S.H.R.C., Sept. 22, 2020).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Court finds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposure to the Pad Check Machines’ rising and lowering arm was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“reasonably predictable” based on the regular operation of the machines.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To load<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and unload<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the gas tanks onto the machine, employees had to come within inches of the moveable arm</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and metal plate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">energized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pad Check Machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-10, at 00:00 to 00:20; R-9, at 00:00 to 00:17; Tr. 124, 138, 162, 225-26; Tisdale Dep. 48-49, 51</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employees operating the machines were required to do so 300 times a shift, two shifts a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8) & (9); Tisdale Dep. 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees were exposed to a hazard on the Pad Check Machines.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resisting this straightforward conclusion,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[n]o employee for any reason had to lean across the table into the machine” while it was cycling.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 13.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, as with the noncompliance element of the violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is not entitled to rely on work rules alone to protect its employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1690</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Commission regularly notes the possibility of inadvertence or fatigue as a basis for finding exposure to a hazard in the context of machine guarding.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2020 WL 5815499, at *5 n.4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citing cases)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also points to the incident with the employee injured by the stopper on the ADA Pad Check Machine and argues<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an operational laser safety scanner<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would not have prevented this “unforeseeable” injury.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">13</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Br. 14;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">note<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, the Court does not base its finding of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposure to a hazard while operating the Pad Check Machines on this lone incident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>involving the machine’s stopper</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but rather</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the more readily identified hazard of the moving arm and plate on the machine, to which employees operating the machine were exposed 300 times a shift, two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shifts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. J-1 ¶¶<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8) & (9); Tisdale Dep. 66).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has established employee exposure to a hazard while operating the Pad Check Machines.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(4) Employer Knowledge</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">To prove the knowledge element of a violation, the Secretary must demonstrate the employer’s actual knowledge or constructive knowledge of the violation.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Servs., N.A.</span>, 25 BNA OSHC at 1218;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Grp., Inc.</span>, 722 F.3d at 1307-08.<span><span></span>
					</span>A supervisor’s<span>
					</span>actual or constructive of a violation is imputed to<span>
					</span>Donghee.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan</span>, 812 F.3d at 837 (11th Cir. 2016);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC at 1218.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Here, the CSHO interviewed Yates, one of<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers, who informed him the LFA Pad Check Machine’s laser safety scanner was not functioning at the time of the inspection<span><span></span>
					</span>and had not been functioning for several months.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 51).<span><span></span>
					</span>Wills,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>maintenance manager, knew the ADA Pad<span>
					</span>Pad<span><span></span>
					</span>Check Machine’s laser safety scanner was not functioning, and indeed was present when it was deliberately disabled two or three years before the inspection.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 300-05).<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers’ actual knowledge of the violative condition is imputed to<span>
					</span>it.<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan</span>, 812 F.3d at 837 (11th Cir. 2016);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span>, 16 BNA OSHC at 1218.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">As it did with the Helium Test Machines,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>again asserts the lack of a hazard posed by the unguarded Pad Check Machines and further argues there was a lack of “<span style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">foreseeable</span><span><span></span>
					</span>harm”<span><span></span>
					</span>in operating the Pad Check Machines without proper guarding.<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s<span><span></span>
					</span>Br. 15 (emphasis in original).<span><span></span>
					</span>The Court again rejects these arguments.<span><span></span>
					</span>As to the former<span><span></span>
					</span>argument, the Secretary has again established a hazard associated with employees operating the unguarded Pad Check Machines<span><span></span>
					</span>and thus the need for guarding.<span><span></span>
					</span>As to the latter<span><span></span>
					</span>argument,<span>
					</span>foreseeability is not implicated in this case where the issue is whether<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers had actual knowledge of the violative condition.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Quinlan</span>, 812 F.3d at 841-42;<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Servs., N.A.</span>, 25 BNA OSHC at 1218.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; ">The Secretary has established<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>had actual knowledge of the violative condition.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds the Secretary has established all elements of his burden of proof.<span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">14</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>Therefore, Item 2 is<span>
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED.</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Characterization of the Violation</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.905cm; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary characterized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both instances of this violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Section 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as willful.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“A violation is willful if the employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s state of mind at the time of the violation reflects either: (1) an intentional, knowing, or voluntary disregard for the requirements of the Act or employee safety; or (2) “plain indifference” to either the cited OSHA requirements or employee safety.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Home Rubber Co., LP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, No. 17-0138, 2021 WL 3929735, at *2 (O.S.H.R.C., Aug. 26,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2021)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Fluor v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm’n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 295 F.3d 1232, 1239-40 (11th Cir. 2002) (reciting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a similar</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">formulation for willfulness</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary can establish intentional disregard by showing that the employer (1) had a heightened awareness of the applicable standard ... and (2) consciously disregarded the standard.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Home Rubber Co., LP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2021 WL 3929735, at *2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“In other words, the Secretary can establish intentional disregard by showing that the employer was actually aware, at the time of the violative act, that the act was unlawful ....”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“Alternatively, the Secretary can prove plain indifference by showing that the employer possessed a state of mind such that if it were informed of the standard, it would not care.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Secretary has alleged two instances of a willful violation of<span>
					</span>the machine guarding standard, one implicating the<span>
					</span>ADA<span><span></span>
					</span>Pad Check Machine (Instance (a)) and one implicating the<span>
					</span>LFA<span><span></span>
					</span>Pad Check Machine (Instance (b)).<span><span></span>
					</span>Because the evidence<span>
					</span>offered<span>
					</span>for each instance is materially different, the Court reaches different conclusions on whether<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>violation<span>
					</span>in<span><span></span>
					</span>each instance was willful.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Instance (a) – the ADA Pad Check Machine</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Regarding<span><span></span>
					</span>Instance (a), involving the ADA Pad Check Machine, the Court finds there is sufficient evidence of<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>plain indifference to employee safety.<span><span></span>
					</span>Three years prior to OSHA’s inspection,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>maintenance manager, Mr. Kim, deliberately disabled the laser safety scanner on this machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 53, 130-33, 300-04).<span><span></span>
					</span>This was done explicitly to increase productivity on the machine because of the number of “false stops” when the safety scanner was active.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 133-34, 302-03).<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers continued to run the machine for years without an operational laser safety scanner.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 209-10, 328-39, 262-64, 301).<span><span></span>
					</span>When Wills took over as maintenance manager, he did not reassess whether the disabling of the safety scanner posed a safety issue to employees but<span><span></span>
					</span>“put faith in the company’s decision.”<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 302).<span><span></span>
					</span>At least one employee, who testified at the hearing, brought her safety concerns to management<span>
					</span>when operating the ADA Pad Check Machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 238-39, 243).<span><span></span>
					</span>Rather than address those concerns, a manager named “David” simply reassigned a temporary<span><span></span>
					</span>employee<span><span></span>
					</span>to operate the machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 243).<span><span></span>
					</span>Such actions occurred on multiple occasions when<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>employees expressed concerns about operating the machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 240-44).<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">As a backdrop to<span>
					</span>all of<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>actions concerning the ADA Pad Check Machine<span><span></span>
					</span>specifically,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>often prioritized production over safety.<span><span></span>
					</span>One former employee went into some detail as follows:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:8px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[F]or instance, we had a machine that the light curtain was working on it, Michelle [Blankenship,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety manager,] would specifically tell us do not go in the light curtain, you know, do not go in the machine, don’t touch it, don’t open the door, just leave it alone, but then you would have another supervisor or manager would say – you know, tell us to go ahead and go in it or move the machines, take it apart, whatever we have to do to get the engines going down the line.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 237-38)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This same employee told the CSHO “telling managers [about issues with the machines,] it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">g</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oes in one ear and out the other; it’s quicker to get with maintenance ourselves and get it fixed.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-5, at 3).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Considering<span>
					</span>all of<span><span></span>
					</span>these circumstances, the Court concludes<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>violation was willful as to Instance (a).<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">E.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Smalis</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Painting Co.</span>, 22 BNA OSHC 1553,<span>
					</span>1577<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 94-1479, 2009) (finding a violation willful where employer put “emphasis on productivity over employee safety”);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Worldwide Mfg., Inc.</span>, 19 BNA OSHC 1023,<span>
					</span>1024-25<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 97-1381) (view of Chairman Rogers) (affirming a finding of willfulness in part based on the employer deliberately removing safety devices to increase production),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span><span></span>
					</span>22 Fed<span>
					</span>App’x<span><span></span>
					</span>684 (8th Cir. 2001);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span>, 15 BNA OSHC 1135,<span>
					</span>1137<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 93-0239, 1994) (finding a violation willful where management knew the “interlock” on the machine was broken, continued to operate it anyway and where that decision was “made at least partly for economic reasons.”);<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Am. Recycling & Mfg. Co. v. Sec’y of Labor</span>, 676 Fed.<span>
					</span>App’x<span><span></span>
					</span>65, 71 (2d. Cir. 2017) (willfulness finding based in part on employer’s failure to respond to employee complaints about the unsafe pedal on a machine).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>arguments to the contrary are unavailing, as they simply rehash<span>
					</span>whether or not<span><span></span>
					</span>a hazard existed to require guarding on the Pad Check Machines.<span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">15</a></span><span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s<span><span></span>
					</span>Br.<span>
					</span>16-17.<span><span></span>
					</span>Because the Court has concluded a hazard did exist, the Court does not find these arguments relevant to determining<span>
					</span>whether or not<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>acted willfully when it deliberately disabled the laser safety scanner designed<span>
					</span>to protect against the hazards of operating the machine.<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>cites four cases in support of its argument<span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>its violation was not willful.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span><span></span>
					</span>at 16 nn.107-10.<span><span></span>
					</span>Two of these cases,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jimerson Under-Ground, Inc.</span>, No. 04-0970, 2006 WL 1083457 (O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J., March 3, 2006), and<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">George Cairns & Sons, Inc.</span>, 21 BNA OSHC 1361 (No. 03-2005, 2005) (ALJ), are unreviewed ALJ<span>
					</span>decisions and therefore not binding on this Court.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hartwell Excavating Co.</span>, 4 BNA OSHC 1263,<span>
					</span>1264<span><span></span>
					</span>(No. 3841, 1976).<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court does not find the other two decisions<span>
					</span>cited by<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>dictate a different result in this case.<span><span></span>
					</span>In<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Access Equip. Sys., Inc.</span>, 18 BNA OSHC 1718 (No. 95-1449, 1999), the Commission<span>
					</span>noted<span><span></span>
					</span>the employer’s efforts<span><span></span>
					</span>to comply with the standard<span><span></span>
					</span>after<span><span></span>
					</span>receiving a<span>
					</span>first citation under the standard, including efforts to repair a cantilever and a “somewhat friendly, ongoing relationship” with OSHA to comply with the standard.<span><span></span>
					</span>18 BNA OSHC at<span>
					</span>1727-28.<span><span></span>
					</span>The Commission considered this to be<span>
					</span>evidence the employer was acting in good faith to comply with the standard.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span><span></span>
					</span>at<span><span></span>
					</span>1728.<span><span></span>
					</span>No such evidence exists here, at least<span>
					</span>with regard to<span><span></span>
					</span>the ADA Pad Check Machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>And in<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Greenleaf Motor Express, Inc.</span>, 21 BNA OSHC 1872 (No. 03-1305, 2007),<span>
					</span>a majority of<span><span></span>
					</span>the Commission found the violations were not willful because the employer lacked actual knowledge of the violations.<span><span></span>
					</span>21 BNA OSHC at 1875-76.<span><span></span>
					</span>Here, as the Court concluded above,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>managers had actual knowledge of the disabled laser safety scanner on the ADA Pad Check Machine<span><span></span>
					</span>because it was<span>
					</span>Donghee’s<span><span></span>
					</span>own maintenance manager who disabled it.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 51, 300-05).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds Instance (a) of Citation 2, Item 1 was a willful violation.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; text-align:center; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Instance (b) – the LFA Pad Check Machine</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The<span><span></span>
					</span>evidence of willfulness for Instance (b), regarding the LFA Pad Check Machine, is not<span><span></span>
					</span>nearly<span><span></span>
					</span>as conclusive, however.<span><span></span>
					</span>The laser safety scanner on this machine had been inoperative for<span>
					</span>only<span>
					</span>a few months prior to the inspection.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 51-53, 304-05).<span><span></span>
					</span>Further, unlike Instance (a), the circumstances<span>
					</span>leading<span><span></span>
					</span>to<span><span></span>
					</span>the non-functionality of this machine’s laser safety scanner are not clear from the record, particularly<span>
					</span>whether or not<span><span></span>
					</span>it was deliberately disabled for the purpose of increasing productivity on the machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>There<span><span></span>
					</span>is evidence<span>
					</span>to suggest this was not the case.<span>
					</span>Yates told the CSHO<span><span></span>
					</span>he<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">did</span><span><span></span>
					</span>try and have the laser safety scanner repaired<span><span></span>
					</span>on the LFA<span>
					</span>Pad Check Machine<span><span></span>
					</span>but was told it was not currently in the budget<span><span></span>
					</span>to do so.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 141).<span><span></span>
					</span>The Court also notes the circumstances<span>
					</span>regarding<span><span></span>
					</span>the non-functioning laser safety scanner on the LFA Pad Check Machine are much closer to those around the non-functioning light curtains on the Helium Check Machines,<span><span></span>
					</span>violations the Secretary only classified as “serious.”<span><span></span>
					</span>Based on these<span><span></span>
					</span>considerations, the Court finds Instance (b) of Citation 2, Item 1 is more properly classified as serious.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_NormalWeb style_NormalWeb " style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Court finds Instance (a) of the violation was willful; however,<span><span></span>
					</span>Instance (b) is reclassified as a serious violation.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">PENALTY</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-left:0cm; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When OSHA issues a Citation, it may include a proposed penalty amount.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">659(a). OSHA has published a Field Operations Manual (FOM) to, among other things, act as a guide for its CSHOs in proposing penalties. FOM at 1-1, 6-1. FOM, Directive No. CPL-02-00-163 (eff.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Jan. 23, 2023</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Commission and its judges conduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty determinations and have full discretion to assess penalties based on the facts of each case and the applicable statutory criteria.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1135, 1138 (No. 93-0293, 1995),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 73 F.3d 1466 (8th Cir. 1995);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allied Structural Steel Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2 BNA OSHC 1457, 1458 (No. 1681, 1975). In determining the appropriate penalty for affirmed violations, section 17(j) of the Act requires the Court to give due consideration to four criteria: (1) the size of the employer’s business; (2) the gravity of the violations; (3) the good faith of the employer; and (4) the employer’s prior history of violations. 29 U.S.C. § 666(j). Gravity is the primary consideration and is determined by the number of employees exposed, the duration of the exposure, the precautions taken against injury, and the likelihood of an actual injury.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 2201, 2214 (No. 87-2059, 1993).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Citations proposed a total penalty of $135,019</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)(ii), the Citation proposed a penalty of $13,127.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This was based on the CSHO’s determination the violation had a high severity because an employee “could be crushed or killed or struck [or] permanently disabled” by the moving shuttle in the Blow Mold Machine.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 81).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO also determined the probability was “greater” because “Park was in the machine and got struck.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 82).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This combination resulted in a “high greater” gravity violation and a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gravity-based<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">penalty of $13,260.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 82, 85).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO applied a ten percent reduction based on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">size, zero reduction for good faith, and a ten percent increase for history because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“had a high rate of violation[s] within five years.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 85).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the two instances of a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">212(a)(1) regarding the Helium Test Machines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Citation proposed a total penalty of $9,377.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This was based on the CSHO’s determination the violations had a high severity because the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">achines “could cause ... an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">amputation [or] permanent disability.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 118).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO determined the probability was “lesser” because the machines “had been running [for] 3 to 6 months, 300 times a day, and they had not had an injury.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 118).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This combination led to a gravity-based penalty of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$9,472.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 121).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO again applied a ten percent reduction for size, zero reduction for good faith, and a ten percent increase for history “with a high grade of violation of a lockout/tagout violation within five years.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 121).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the two instances of a willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) regarding the Pad Check Machines, the Citation proposed a total penalty of $112,515.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This was based on the CSHO’s determination the violation had a “medium” severity because the machines could not cause death but “could cause a fracture [or] a serious injury striking the employee on the head with that plate.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 144-45).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO determined the probability was “lesser” because “one machine had been two to three years, the other was two to three months, and we had the one known strike in the mouth.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 145-46).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This combination, as well as the violation’s willful classification, led to a gravity-based penalty of $113,652.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 146).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO again applied a ten percent reduction for size, zero reduction for good faith, and a ten percent increase for history.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 146-47).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary asks the Court to assess<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the proposed penalties;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has made no arguments specific to the penalty amount.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Having weighed the relevant factors, the Court finds the proposed penalties for all the violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>appropriate and therefore assesses them for each<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the Citation items</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds the CSHO’s determinations as to the violations’ gravity accurately accounted for the severity and probability of harm on each of the subject machines.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has not argued a reduction for good faith is warranted, and the Court finds no basis in the record to reduce the penalties on that basis.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO’s calculation already applied a ten-percent reduction for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>size.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has not challenged the CSHO’s representations as to its violation history, and the Court therefore adopts his increase of ten percent based on history.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, even though the Court has reclassified one instance of the willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) as serious rather than willful, the Court nonetheless assesses the full proposed penalty.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court does so on the basis of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1) deliberately disabling the safety device on the ADA Pad Check machine for the sake of increasing production efficiency (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 300-05</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">); 2) continuing to run the machine for years despite knowing its manufacturer-installed safety device had been disabled (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 209-10, 238-39, 262-64, 301</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">); and 3) bringing in temporary workers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to replace<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees on the machine when those employees reported their safety concerns about operating the machine without the laser safety scanner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(an action the Court finds particularly offensive)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 240-44</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court also notes the record</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence showing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Donghee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>managers often ignored safety issues with many of its machines and only re-installed the safety devices<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on the subject machines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in response to the instant Citations.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 143-44, 237-38</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>therefore</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finds the full proposed penalty is warranted here</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, even<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">only one instance of the violation being willful.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cf.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">113</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(increasing the ALJ’s penalty determination for a single willful violation).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The foregoing decision constitutes the findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Fed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eral Rule of Civil Procedure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>52(a)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Commission Rule 90(a), 29 C.F.R. § 2200.90(a)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5.333px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the foregoing decision, it is hereby<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDERED:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1. Citation 1, Item 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.147(f)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ii), is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and a penalty of $13,127 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessed;</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2. Citation 1, Item 2, alleging two instances of a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §1910.212(a)(1), is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and a penalty of $9,377 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessed;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2, Item 1, alleging two instances of a willful violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: Instance (a)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as a willful violation;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Instance (b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reclassified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">serious violation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A penalty of $112,515 is assessed.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; margin-left:288px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">___________________________<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Sharon D. Calhoun</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">Dated: </span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">November 9</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; ">, 2023</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge, OSHRC</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Atlanta, GA</span></p>
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			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; ">
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; ">
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">1 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span> In an introductory section of the argument portion of its brief,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>devotes a substantial footnote in support of the assertion<span><span></span>
					</span>that<span>
					</span>“[OSHA] must<span>
					</span>adopt 30(b)(6) witness testimony.”<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 8<span><span></span>
					</span>n.62.<span><span></span>
					</span>In this regard,<span>
					</span>Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) governs notices of depositions directed to, among other<span><span></span>
					</span>entities,<span>
					</span>corporations and<span>
					</span>governmental agencies.<span><span></span>
					</span>Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(b)(6).<span><span></span>
					</span>For such notices, the serving party “<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">must describe with reasonable particularity the matters for examination.”</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">The named party must then “designate one or more officers, directors, or managing agents, or designate other persons who consent to testify on its behalf.”</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">“The persons designated must testify about information known or reasonably available to the organization.”</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Here,<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">CSHO David</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tisdale</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, who later became an Assistant Area Director,</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was designated as the Secretary’s 30(b)(6) witness, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Donghee</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>submitted certain portions of his deposition testimony into evidence</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, cited herein as the “Tisdale Deposition</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">”</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Exh.<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">R-17).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; "><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">
					</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Rule 30(b)(6) “was designed to “curb the ‘bandying’ by which officers or managing agents of a corporation</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[or agency]</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are deposed in turn but each disclaims knowledge of facts that are clearly known to persons in the organization and thereby to it.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Wright & Miller,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Persons Subject to Examination—Corporations and Other Organizations</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 8A Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. §</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "> </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">2103 (3d ed.)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">. Thus, an agency would be bound by a “legitimate lack of knowledge response” from a designated 30(b)(6) witness and may be precluded from introducing evidence on such a topic at trial</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to avoid unfair surprise</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span>,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">QBE Ins. Corp. v. Jorda Enters., Inc.</span>, 277 F.R.D. 676, 690 (S.D. Fla., Jan. 30, 2012).<span>
					</span>However, an agency “<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">is no more bound</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[by a 30(b)(6) witness’s deposition testimony]</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>than any witness is by his or her prior deposition testimony. A witness is free to testify differently from the way he or she testified in a deposition, albeit at the risk of having his or her credibility impeached by introduction of the deposition.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">R & B Appliance Parts, Inc. v. Amana Co., L.P.</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 258 F.3d 783, 786 (8th Cir. 2001)</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Wright & Miller, § 2103 (“[A]s with any other party statement, [Rule 30(b)(6) deposition statements] are not “binding” in the sense that the corporate party is forbidden to call the same or another witness to offer different testimony at trial.”). Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Donghee</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’s extensive citations to CSHO Tisdale’s deposition statements throughout its brief are considered only to the extent normal deposition testimony would be considered</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">, not as statements by which OSHA is “bound” as<span>
						</span></span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Donghee</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>seems to suggest</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">2 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>entered<span>
					</span>into evidence<span>
					</span>two disciplinary notices issued to Park in connection with this accident.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exhs. R-3, R-3A, R-4).<span><span></span>
					</span>Although the difference between these two<span><span></span>
					</span>notices<span><span></span>
					</span>was never explained at the hearing, one of the notices appears to have been issued<span>
					</span>by<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee’s corporate office in South Korea<span><span></span>
					</span>while the other was issued<span>
					</span>by<span>
					</span>management from<span>
					</span>Donghee’s office<span><span></span>
					</span>in Alabama.<span>
					</span>(<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Compare</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Exh. R-3,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">with</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Exh. R-4).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Both parties entered two video clips of the<span><span></span>
					</span>operation of the<span><span></span>
					</span>TMA Helium Test Machine into evidence. (Exhs. C-7, C-8, R-12A, R-12B).<span>
					</span>The<span><span></span>
					</span>parties entered the same video clip of an employee loading a tank onto the machine, stepping away from the machine, starting the machine (although the start button is not visible in the clip), and the metal plate thereafter lifting into the testing chamber. (Exhs. C-7, R-12B). This clip stops before the metal plate<span>
					</span>lowers.<span>
					</span>The<span><span></span>
					</span>parties entered separate<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span><span></span>
					</span>different video clips<span>
					</span>depicting<span>
					</span>the metal plate lowering. (Exhs. C-8, R-12A). Because these videos are separated from the video of the plate ascending to the testing chamber, and because neither video depicts the employee operating the machine, they are somewhat inconclusive on the issue of whether the plate lowers automatically following a cycle or whether some employee action is required to lower the plate. Other evidence in the record suggests the lowering of the plate occurs automatically, however.<span>
					</span>Particularly, the CSHO described the operation of the TMA Helium Machine and stated once an employee steps back from the machine and activates the cycle with the start button, they simply wait for the machine to finish its testing cycle before having to reapproach the machine and detach the hoses from the gas tank. (Tr. 117, 122, 180).<span><span></span>
					</span>Additionally, although the UMA Helium Test Machine operates differently from the TMA<span>
					</span>Machine, it only requires an employee to start the cycle; its drawer slides out automatically once the cycle has finished.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">(</span>Exhs. C-6, at 4; R-14, at 02:24 to 02:32; Tr. 103<span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Based on this evidence, the Court concludes the lowering of the metal plate on the TMA Helium Test Machine occurs automatically when the machine has finished testing the gas tanks.<span><span></span>
					</span>As discussed below in more detail, the Court attaches significance to this fact for identifying the<span>
					</span>seriousness<span>
					</span>of<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span><span></span>
					</span>hazard employees are exposed during the operation of the machine.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">4 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Although<span><span></span>
					</span>Wills testified<span><span></span>
					</span>to the content of this manual, the manual itself was not offered as an exhibit. (Tr. 296-98).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">5 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Multiple witnesses described an incident<span><span></span>
					</span>involving<span><span></span>
					</span>an individual operating the<span>
					</span>ADA<span><span></span>
					</span>Pad Check Machine. Apparently, on a date approximately three to four months prior to the CSHO’s inspection, this employee was operating the<span>
					</span>ADA<span><span></span>
					</span>Pad Check Machine<span>
					</span>and reached over the<span>
					</span>metal surface<span><span></span>
					</span>of the machine, either to retrieve something he dropped on the ground or to address an issue with the T-shaped stopper on the far left of the machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exhs. C-14, at 1; C-15, at 2;<span>
					</span>Tr.<span>
					</span>127,<span>
					</span>210, 221, 225, 244-45).<span>
					</span>As the employee was doing this, the stopper<span>
					</span>deployed<span><span></span>
					</span>quickly (i.e.,<span>
					</span>“popped up”) and struck the employee in the mouth. (Exhs. C-14, at 1; C-15, at 2;<span>
					</span>Tr. 210, 221, 225, 244-45, 263, 283-84). The employee suffered a minor injury to his lip and was treated only with ice.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exh. C-15, at 2;<span>
					</span>Tr. 210, 221).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">6 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>According to<span>
					</span>Jacob<span>
					</span>Wills,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s maintenance manager, the laser safety scanners installed on the Pad Check Machines were not connected to the stopper that struck<span>
					</span>its<span><span></span>
					</span>employee three to four months before the CSHO’s inspection.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 329-30).<span><span></span>
					</span>However, it is undisputed<span><span></span>
					</span>the laser safety scanners, if functional, would stop the moving arm of the machine and thus address any hazards associated with that part of the machine.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">7 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Court has identified one<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">im</span>material issue raised by<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>where Eleventh Circuit precedent differs from Commission precedent and addresses that issue below.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">8 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>In its entirety, this note reads:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; "><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Note: Exception to paragraph (a)(2)(ii): Minor tool changes and adjustments, and other minor servicing activities, which take place during normal production operations, are not covered by this standard if they are routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of the equipment for production, provided that the work is performed using alternative measures which provide effective protection (See subpart 0 of this part).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">9 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>also cites to a portion of the CSHO’s deposition testimony in support of its rather specious argument that the Secretary has added a “fifth element” to the defense in this case.<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 22.<span><span></span>
					</span>Because<span>
					</span>Donghee’s defense fails for at least three<span><span></span>
					</span>other reasons, the Court finds no need to further address this argument or<span>
					</span>the cited portion of the CSHO’s deposition testimony.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">10 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>argues “signs warning of a pinch point does not prove a hazard.”<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 20.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>cites<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Gulf Oil Corp.</span>, 11 BNA OSHC 1476, 1481 (No. 76-5014, 1983), which stands only for the proposition that warning signs alone cannot establish the existence of a hazard without corroborating evidence.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See Gulf Oil Corp.</span>, 11 BNA OSHC at<span>
					</span>1481<span><span></span>
					</span>(“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Gulf</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">’</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">s warning signs and respirator requirement<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">alone</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>do not establish the existence of the hazard.” (</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">emphasis added)).</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Here, there is ample corroborating evidence to establish the existence of crush and pinch points<span>
					</span>on<span><span></span>
					</span>the UMA<span>
					</span>Helium Test Machine. In the video documenting the operation of this machine, these points can<span><span></span>
					</span>readily be seen as the metal drawer moves into<span><span></span>
					</span>and out of the machine’s testing chamber.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exh. R-14, at 00:40 to 00:44, 02:24 to 02:32). The existence of pinch and crush and pinch points is further corroborated by Blankenship,<span>
					</span>Donghee’s safety manager.<span><span></span>
					</span>On January 31, 2019, in a message sent through Donghee’s internal messaging app, Blankenship sent a picture of the UMA Helium Test Machine accompanied by the following message:<span><span></span>
					</span>“The light curtain does not work someone almost got caught by [the] machine.”<span><span></span>
					</span>(Exh. C-6, at 6; Tr. 111-13, 269-72).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; line-height:1; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">11 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Although this case dealt with a different subsection of OSHA’s machine guarding standard,<span>
					</span>29 C.F.R. § <span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">1910.212(a)(3)(ii)</span><span><span></span>
					</span>governing “[p]oint of operation guarding,”<span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>other Commission cases have equated<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">all of the machine guarding standards for</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>purposes of</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>requiring more than work rules to protect employees.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">George C. Christopher & Sons, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, 10 BNA OSHC 1436,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">1444</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 76-647, 1982)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; ">(Section 1910.212(a)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">and</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Section 1910.212(a)(3)(ii)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">“</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">require that guarding be provided by a </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_counderline style_counderline " style="text-decoration:underline ;background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;">device</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "> that itself prevents the operator from endangering himself. They do not permit an employer to depend instead on the skill or attentiveness of his employees.”</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis in original)</span><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">12 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>On this point,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>points to a small discrepancy in the CSHO’s testimony at the hearing.<span><span></span>
					</span>In his direct testimony, the CSHO testified he believed the moving metal plate on the Pad Check Machines could cause “a fracture in the mouth, [or] a contusion [or] a laceration.”<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 125).<span><span></span>
					</span>In his cross-examination, however, the CSHO answered “No” when asked “Do you have any facts supporting a conclusion that this plate was going fast enough to cause a fracture?”<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 178).<span><span></span>
					</span>Even if the CSHO’s cross-testimony refutes the possibility<span><span></span>
					</span>of<span><span></span>
					</span>the half-inch moving metal plate<span>
					</span>causing a fracture, it does not discount the other types of injuries the CSHO believed it could potentially inflict if unguarded, including a “contusion [or a] laceration.” (Tr. 125).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">13 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The evidence on this subject was mixed.<span><span></span>
					</span>The CSHO believed operational<span>
					</span>laser<span><span></span>
					</span>safety scanners<span><span></span>
					</span>would<span><span></span>
					</span>have prevented this injury, while Wills<span>
					</span>testified they would not have.<span><span></span>
					</span>(<span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Compare</span><span><span></span>
					</span>Tr. 129-30,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">with<span>
						</span></span>Tr. 329-30).<span><span></span>
					</span>Although the Court does not believe<span>
					</span>the stopper on the Pad Check Machines was the main hazard to which employees were exposed, the Court nonetheless resolves this conflicting evidence by crediting Wills’ testimony over the CSHO’s.<span><span></span>
					</span>Wills was the maintenance manager at the Auburn facility and was much more familiar with<span>
					</span>the machines in the facility<span><span></span>
					</span>than the CSHO.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 295-96, 396).<span><span></span>
					</span>Moreover, Wills was a forthright witness during other portions of his testimony, including on subjects<span>
					</span>for<span><span></span>
					</span>which he might otherwise have had a motive to be evasive such as the deliberate disabling of the laser safety scanner<span><span></span>
					</span>on the ADA Pad Check Machine.<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 300-05).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">14 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>In a footnote in the knowledge section<span>
					</span>of its brief on<span><span></span>
					</span>this violation,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>briefly argues<span>
					</span>a<span>
					</span>guarding requirement<span><span></span>
					</span>on the Pad Check Machines “would violate reasonable notice requirements under [the Act], the Administrative Procedure Act § 553, and the Fifth Amendment’s due process clause.”<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 15 n.104.<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>did not cite<span>
					</span>to anything, factual, legal, or otherwise,<span><span></span>
					</span>in support of any of these arguments.<span><span></span>
					</span>The Court summarily rejects these cursory arguments.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span>,<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Herbert v. Architect of Capitol</span>, 839 F.Supp.2d 284, 298 (D.D.C. 2012) (defendant<span>
					</span>“<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; ">has simply failed to support its argument with any meaningful measure of factual or legal argument. Courts need not consider cursory arguments of this kind, and the Court declines to do so here.”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:9.6px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">15 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee’s arguments in this part of its brief are a bit scattershot, so the Court will briefly summarize them lest there is any question whether the Court has considered them all in reaching its finding of willfulness.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>first argues the willful characterization<span>
					</span>of this violation is<span><span></span>
					</span>“absurd” and then proceeds to argue it is<span>
					</span>a<span>
					</span>“high bar” for the Secretary to prove willfulness.<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 15.<span><span></span>
					</span>Having laid out the standard for willfulness,<span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>cites to the<span>
					</span>four<span><span></span>
					</span>cases<span>
					</span>discussed<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">infra</span>.<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span>at 15-16.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>then argues the Secretary has failed to show the Pad Check Machines<span>
					</span>were capable of causing injury to an employee “or a banana or a pencil for that matter.”<span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span><span></span>
					</span>at 16.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>then goes on to point out neither of the Pad Check Machines has had a recordable injury despite operating nearly 600 times a day.<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 16-17.<span><span></span>
					</span>Donghee<span><span></span>
					</span>again argues the cited standard is “need-based” and no such need was proven because there was no hazard from which to guard.<span><span></span>
					</span>Resp’t’s Br. 17.<span><span></span>
					</span>All of these arguments were addressed in one form or another in the portion of the Court’s decision finding noncompliance and exposure for Citation 2, Item 1.</p>
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