<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="OSHRC Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission">
<TITLE> Chris Welch., Docket No. 16-0687</TITLE>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
		<style type="text/css">
 p.hiddenParagraph { visibility:hidden } 
 p { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; margin-top:0; font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:WindowText; } 
 p { font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman;  }  p.style_Normal { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_Normal span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 p.style_Heading2 { outline-width:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; line-height:1.5; widows:0; orphans:0; font-weight:bold; } 
.style_Heading2 span { font-weight:bold; } 
 span.style_DefaultParagraphFont { } 
 table.style_TableNormal { } 
 span.style_Heading2Char { font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; } 
.style_Heading2Char span { font-family:Times New Roman; font-weight:bold; } 
 p.style_BodyText { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; } 
.style_BodyText span { } 
 span.style_BodyTextChar { font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_BodyTextChar span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 p.style_FootnoteText { font-size:10pt; } 
.style_FootnoteText span { } 
 span.style_FootnoteTextChar { font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_FootnoteTextChar span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 span.style_FootnoteReference { position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;} 
.style_FootnoteReference span { position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;} 
 p.style_ListParagraph { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; margin-left:48px; } 
 p.style_Default { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; } 
.style_Default span { font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; } 
 p.style_Header { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; } 
 span.style_HeaderChar { font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_HeaderChar span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 p.style_Footer { margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1; } 
 span.style_FooterChar { font-size:13pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_FooterChar span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 p.style_BalloonText { font-size:8pt; font-family:Tahoma; } 
.style_BalloonText span { font-family:Tahoma; } 
 span.style_BalloonTextChar { font-size:8pt; font-family:Tahoma; } 
.style_BalloonTextChar span { font-family:Tahoma; } 
 span.style_Hyperlink { color:#0000FF; text-decoration:underline ;} 
.style_Hyperlink span { color:#0000FF; text-decoration:underline ;} 
 span.style_searchterm { } 
 span.style_starpage { } 
 span.style_blueten1 { color:#000000; } 
.style_blueten1 span { color:#000000; } 
 span.style_CommentReference { font-size:8pt; } 
.style_CommentReference span { } 
 p.style_CommentText { font-size:10pt; } 
.style_CommentText span { } 
 span.style_CommentTextChar { font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; } 
.style_CommentTextChar span { font-family:Times New Roman; } 
 span.style_costarpage { } 
 span.style_cosearchterm { } 
 span.style_Emphasis { font-style:italic; } 
.style_Emphasis span { font-style:italic; } 
 span.style_PlaceholderText { color:#808080; } 
.style_PlaceholderText span { color:#808080; } 
 span.X3AS7TOCHyperlink { color:#000000; text-decoration:none; } 
 p.X3AS7TABSTYLE { } 
 span.BulletSymbol { font-family:'Symbol'; } 
 body { margin-left:96px;margin-top:96px;margin-bottom:96px;margin-right:108px;} 
div.basic { width:16.193cm;height:22.86cm;} 
 p.hiddenParagraph { font-size:2pt; visibility:hidden; } 
</style>
		<script type="text/javascript">
							var useragent = navigator.userAgent;
							var navigatorname;
							if (useragent.indexOf('MSIE')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="MSIE";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Gecko')!= -1)
							{
							if (useragent.indexOf('Chrome')!= -1)
							navigatorname="Google Chrome";
							else
							navigatorname="Mozilla";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Mozilla')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="old Netscape or Mozilla";
							}
							else if (useragent.indexOf('Opera')!= -1)
							{
							navigatorname="Opera";
							}
							
							function symbol(code1,code2)
							{
							if (navigatorname == 'MSIE')
								document.write(code1);
							else
								document.write(code2);
							}
							</script>
	</head>
	<body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="basic"><div>
				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">1120 20th Street, N.W., Ninth Floor</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">Washington, D</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>20036-3457</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:0; orphans:0; "> </p>
			</div>
			<table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:16.79cm; align:left; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm">
				<tr style="margin:0;border:0;padding:0;visibility:hidden;">
					<th style="width:342px;"/>
					<th style="width:292.6px;"/>
				</tr>
				<tr style="height:1.016cm; ">
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:solid .035cm #000000; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:9.049cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR,</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:7.742cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr style="height:1.191cm; ">
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:9.049cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:94.8px; text-indent:.635cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant,</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:7.742cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
									</span></span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr style="height:1.349cm; ">
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:9.049cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:2.985cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">v.</span></p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:7.742cm;">
						<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_Heading2 style_Heading2 " style="text-align:justify; outline-width:2; " xmlns:text="urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:text:1.0" text:is-list-header="true"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; "> OSHRC Docket No. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; ">6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; ">687</span></p>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr style="height:1.016cm; ">
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:9.049cm;">
						<div>
							<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CHRIS WELCH</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
									</span></span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:7.742cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr style="height:1.175cm; ">
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:dashed .018cm #000000; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:solid .035cm #000000; width:9.049cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:94.8px; text-indent:.635cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:middle; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:dashed .018cm #000000; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:7.742cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="text-align:justify; "> </p>
						</div>
					</td>
				</tr>
			</table>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Appearances:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">M. Patricia Smith, Solicitor of Labor</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Christine Z. Heri,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Regional Solicitor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Christine Eskilson,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Attorney</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Boston</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Massachusetts<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Secretary</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Nancy C. Flahive</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Law Office of Nancy C. Flahive</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Springfield,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ma</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">ssachusetts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Respondent</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Before:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Dennis L. Phillips</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">SIMPLIFIED PROCEEDING</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">ECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Background</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Commission)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s 2-33</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">U.S.C. §§ 651-678</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSH Act)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On March 9, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">inspected</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent Chris Welch’s (Respondent or Chris Welch)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>located at 740 Bradley Road, Springfield, Massachusetts 01109</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. As a result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA issued to R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">espondent a serious citation containing two items</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lleging<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">construction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s and proposing a total penalty of $4,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">filed a timely notice of contest</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> 10(c) of the OSH Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, bringing this matter before the Commission.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 1 alleges that Respondent violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(13). The item asserts that on March 9, 2016, an employee of Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">roofing this residence without any fall protection, more than 10 feet above the ground below.” (Citation at 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The proposed penalty for Citation 1, Item 1 is $2,000. The standard provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">§ 1926.501 Duty to have fall protection.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">***</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:84px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(b)(13)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Residential construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Each employee engaged in residential construction activities 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system unless another provision in paragraph (b) of this section provides for an alternative fall protraction measure[...].” </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-right:84.467px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26.501(b)(13).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 1, Item 2 alleges Respondent violat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.1053(b)(1). The citation asser</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s that on March 9, 2016, an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">espondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">using an orange fiberglass extension ladder to ac</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ess the roof top work location that did not extend the required 3 feet past the upper landing surface.” (Citation at 7)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he proposed penalty for Citation 1, Item 2 is $2,000. The standard provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">§ 1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1053</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Ladders.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:center; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">***</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(b)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. The following requirements apply to the use of all ladders, including job-made ladders, except as otherwise indicated: (1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (.9 m) above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access; or, when such as extension is not possible because of the ladder’s length, then the ladder shall be secured at its top to a rigid support that will not deflect, and a grasping device, such as a grabrail, shall be provided to assist employees in mounting and dismounting the ladder. In no case shall the extension be such that ladder deflection under a lo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ad</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>would, by itself, cause the ladder to slip off its support.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; margin-right:84.467px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1053</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(b)(1).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On May 25, 2016, pursuant to Commission Rule 203(a), 29 C.F.R. § 2200.203(a), this case was assigned to Simplified Proceedings where pleadings were not required and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ederal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ules of Evidence did not apply at the hearing. (Tr. 9)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the evidence in the record, and for the following reasons, the citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>items</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are affirmed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">e Hearing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">May 26, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the Notice of Pre-Hearing Scheduling Conference and Order<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">sent out –<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Order was not returned</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by the U.S. Post Office to the Commission – notifying the parties of an upcoming June 17, 2016 Conference Call</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent’s counsel did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">participate in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the June 17, 2016, Conference Call. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Later on June 17, 2016, the Notice of Hearing & Scheduling Order was sent out – and this Notice & Order<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Scheduling Order)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was also not returned by the U.S. Post Office to the Commission. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Scheduling Order</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">directed the parties to file pre-hearing statements no later than September 1, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2) set the final pre-hearing conference call for September 2,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2016, 3) directed the parties to file their trial exhibits with the Court by September 19, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">scheduled<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the trial to commence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on September 26, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at Boston, Massachusetts.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ootnote 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of the Scheduling Order also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">noted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent failed to participate in the June 17, 2016 Conference Call and issued a warning that future non-participation could result in sanctions including dismissal of the case.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary timely filed a pre-hearing statement on September 1, 2016. Respondent did not file a pre-hearing statement. During the September 2, 2016 Conference Call, the Court notified Respondent’s counsel, who was in attendance, about the untimely pre-hearing statement. (Tr. 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> During the Conference Call, Respondent’s counsel indicated to the Court that she would submit a final pre-hearing statement by the end of that day, September 2, 2016. (Tr. 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> To date, the Court has not received Respondent’s pre-hearing statement.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The hearing for this cas</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">e was held on September 26, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Boston, Massachusetts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Respondent was not in attendance.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 5-6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent’s counsel notified the Court</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’s Legal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Assistant located at Washington, D.C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>via electronic mail on the morning of the hearing, at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">about<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a.m.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that she will not be in attendance due to illness.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In her notice to the Court, Respondent’s counsel did not request a trial continuance. Instead, she stated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“If need be, I will assume responsibility for my client’s assessed fine in this matter by OSHA; however, I had absolutely no control over the present circumstances.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The hearing was held as scheduled.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 6;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. §§ 2200.62(c) (requests to postpone trials to be submitted within seven days of the trial date or they will most likely be denied)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>64(a) (failure to appear at the hearing may result in a decision against a party)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Before proceeding with the trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he Court noted that Respondent had violated the Court’s scheduling order by not filing its pre-hearing statement by September 1, 2016 or trial exhibits<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">by September 19, 2016. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 6-7). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary’s attorney, Ms. Eskilson,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">presented<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">her</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>case.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>She<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">offered several exhibits that were admitted into evidence at the hearing.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 9-10;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>No joint exhibits or stipulations between the parties were entered into the record. (Tr. 10-11)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The Court denied the Secretary’s request for a ruling from the bench</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>citing Commission Rule 64,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Failure to Appear,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which gives five days to the party who failed to attend the hearing to show good cause</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as to why the hearing should be continued</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 36;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 2200.64(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Respondent has made no such request. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he evidence produced</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">by the Secretary is uncontested since Respondent failed to appear at the hearing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">proffer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>any trial exhibits.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Byrd Produce Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC at 1269 (p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">arties are generally bound by the actions of their hired representatives</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As this case was designated for Simp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lified Proceedings, no post-hearing briefs were filed. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">36;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2200.200(b)(6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">For simplified proceedings,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[i]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nstead of briefs, the parties will argue their case orally before the Judge at the conclusion of the hearing.”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jurisdiction</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:2; text-align:left; margin-right:7.8px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">establishes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">that,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">inspection,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">performing roofing work on a residential construction site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Springfield</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Massachusetts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.016cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 17-18, 22, 24-25).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">qualifies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">"construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">work"</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">defined</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">"work</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.037cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.035cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">construction,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 108;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">alteration,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">and/or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">repair,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">including</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">painting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">decorating."</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">29</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">C.F.R.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.32(g).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.041cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">indu</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">stry</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.039cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 112;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">whole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">affects commerce,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">and even small</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">employers within that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">industry are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">engaged in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">commerce.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Slingluff v.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.044cm; width: 108;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">425</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.021cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">F.3d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">861,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.021cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">866-67</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">(10th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.049cm; width: 105;position:relative; top:-4.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Cir.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.021cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">2005);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Clarence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">M.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.018cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jones,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">d/b/a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.018cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jones</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">BNA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.021cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1529,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.021cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1531</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">(No.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.019cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">77-3676, 1983).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">record</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">establishes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">had</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">least</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">one</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">who</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>working as a roofer on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.007cm; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">8-22, 25; Exs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1-3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Additionally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">filed a timely notice of contest</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "> 10(c) of the OSH Act. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the record, the Court finds that at all relevant times<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was engaged in a business affecting commerce and was an employer within the meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">sections</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>3(3) and 3(5) of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSH<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Act. The Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conclude</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that the Commission has jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter in this case</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and Respondent is covered under the OSH Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">The Secretary’s Burden<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">f Proof</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of a safety or health standard, the Secretary must prove by a preponderance of the evidence:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“(1) that the cited standard applies; (2) that there was a failure to comply with the standard; (3) that employees had access to the violative condition; and (4) that the employer had actual or constructive knowledge of the violation.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P. Gioioso & Sons,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Inc. v. Occupational Safety and Health Review Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 675 F.3d 66, 72 (1st Cir. 2012) (citation omitted);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prod</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in relevant part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982).</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">6</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">iscussion</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">March 9, 201</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, at 12:41 p.m., OSHA Compliance Officer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(CO)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Daniel Lynaugh was driving down Bradley Road in Springfield, Massachusetts, on his way back to the OSHA area office from another OSHA inspection, when he observed a rooftop worker on a low-slope residential roof without fall protection. He pulled over on a side street, called the OSHA Area Director</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(AD)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and received permission from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">AD</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to open a local emphasis program inspection. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">13, 17-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 22</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Lynaugh walked up the driveway to the residence and took pictures. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">eave of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">roof was 10.5 feet high</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the ground. The roof itself was low-sloped.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On the rooftop, a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">single<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">worker was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">stripping the roof using “a big rake,”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and on the side of the house, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nother</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worker was picking up shingles and debris</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>off the ground. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">There was a large greenish dumpster on the driveway</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">typically used to remove the roofing debris. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18-19,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">23</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 26</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The roofer’s name was Keith Sarno. CO Lynaugh<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">called<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">up to Mr. Sarno on the roof, showed him his credentials, and asked Mr. Sarno i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he could come down from the roof so that they could discuss fall protection. Mr. Sarno descended from the rooftop using a ladder.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The ladder’s top rung was the only rung that extended past the top of the rooftop, and that was how CO Lynaugh determined that the rails of the ladder did not extend at least three feet from the upper landing surface. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Lynaugh asked<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Sarno<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">about fall protection, and Mr. Sarno told<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">him that “he didn’t have any.” CO Lynaugh then explained to Mr. Sarno the hazard of falling off a roof. Mr. Sarno told CO Lynaugh that he worked for Chris Welch, who paid Mr. Sarno to work, and then directed CO Lynaugh to Mr. Welch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>who was sitting in the shade in a breezeway between the house and the attached garage.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">7</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">19-24</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 30</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Exs. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Lynaugh approached Mr. Welch and showed him his OSHA credentials. Mr. Welch did not say anything to CO Lynaugh, who described the interaction as “kind of st</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ange.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He told Mr. Welch about his observations regarding the lack of fall protection and asked him whether he had any fall protection. According to CO Lynaugh, Mr. Welch said he did not have any</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>protection. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Lynaugh collected Mr. Welch’s name, address and telephone number, and then explained to him “what happens further down the line” for this OSHA inspection. (Tr. 25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-27</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation 1, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleges</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a serious violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26.501(b)(13). This standard requires that employees engaged in residential construction,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">working more than six feet above the lower level, be provided with appropriate fall protection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence establishes that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employee was working on repairing a residential roof that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was at least<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.5 feet<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">above the ground.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 18-19, 26)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent was obligated to provide its employee with an appropriate form of fall protection. The cited standard, 29 C.F.R. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.501(b)(13), applies.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sarno<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was photographed working<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">top</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He was not provided with any</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">form of fall protection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">There was no fall arrest system, safety net system, guardrails, or other method of fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the site. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">20, 22,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard was violated.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sarno</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was working on the roof, over six feet above the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ground, and was clearly exposed to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hazard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">establishes that Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sarno was paid by Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">elch to perform work. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 22-23)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Welch was sitting in the shade on the worksite while Mr. Sarno was on the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 24)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Welch knew that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">no fall protection on the worksite. Knowledge of the hazard has been established.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P. Gioioso</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 675 F.3d at 73 (“an employer can be charged with constructive knowledge of a safety violation that supervisory employees know or should reasonably know about.”).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The undisputed evidence establishes that: (1) the standard applies, (2) its terms were violated,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(3) an employee was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to the hazard addressed by the standard and (4) Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>k</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">new or with the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known of the violative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">condition.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> This citation item is affirmed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A violation is “serious” if there was a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could have resulted from the violative condition. 29 U.S.C. § 666(k).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> To successfully characterize a violation as “serious,” the Secretary need only show that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is possible and there is a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">substantial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">probability</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that death or serious physical harm could result from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’ ”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Flintco, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1404, 1405-06 (No. 92-1396, 1993)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citation omitted). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The record establishes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that a fall from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">could have caused serious physical harm.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> CO Lynaugh testified that if a worker fell from 10 feet, “the probability that you’re going to break something is high.” (Tr. 28)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">oofing is an inherently dangerous activity.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Daniel Crowe Roof Repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 2001, 2017 (No. 10-2090, 2011)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(ALJ)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(roofing an inherently dangerous activity).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A fall of over six feet to the ground is likely to result in death</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">or serious physical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">njury.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 31)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This citation item is properly characterized as serious.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation 1, Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>allege</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a serious violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26.1053(b)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. This standard requires that portable ladders<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">used to access an upper landing surface must<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">extend at least three feet past the upper landing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. The evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">shows that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the ladder was portable and that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Sarno accessed it to enter and exit the rooftop. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 21; Ex. 3)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard applies. Photographic evidence shows that only the top rung of the ladder extended past the edge of the rooftop. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Ex. 3)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Lynaugh testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“ninety-nine percent of the ladders manufactured in America, the rungs are 12 inches apart, so it was a quick, you know, visual clue, and there’s only one rung past the top. It doesn’t extend three feet.” (Tr. 30)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The cited standard was violated. Mr. Sarno used the ladder to access and exit from the rooftop, and was therefore exposed to the hazard. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As with Item 1, the evidence establishes that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sarno was paid by Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">elch to perform work. Mr. Welch was sitting in the shade on the worksite while Mr. Sarno was on the roof, and when Mr. Sarno used the ladder to come down from the roof to talk to CO Lynaugh. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 24)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the photographic evidence, the ladder was in plain view</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and was the only means of accessing the rooftop on the worksite. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Ex. 3)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Welch had the obligation to adequately supervise his employees, anticipate hazards to which employees may be exposed, and take measures to prevent the occurrence of violations. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S.J. Louis Constr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">f Tex.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1892, 1894 (No. 12-1045, 2016). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Welch knew or with the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known that the ladder did not extend past three feet of the upper landing. Knowledge of the hazard has been established.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at 1894</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P. Gioioso</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 675 F.3d at 73 (“an employer can be charged with constructive knowledge of a safety violation that supervisory employees know or should reasonably know about.”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The undisputed evidence establishes that:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(1) the standard applies, (2) its terms were violated,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(3) an employee was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to the hazard addressed by the standard and (4) Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>k</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">new or with the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known of the violative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">condition.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This citation item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is affirmed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As noted above, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he record establishes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that a fall from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">could have caused serious physical harm.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Daniel Crowe Roof Repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2017 (roofing an inherently dangerous activity).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A fall of over six feet to the ground is likely to result in death</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">or serious physical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">njury.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 31)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This citation item is properly characterized as serious. 29 U.S.C. § 666(k);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Flintco, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1405-06</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">enalties</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“Section 17(j) of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[OSH]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Act, 29 U.S.C. § 666(j), requires that when assessing penalties, the Commission must give ‘due consideration’ to four criteria: the size of the employer's business, gravity of the violation, good faith, and prior history of violations.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1619, 1624 (No. 88-1962, 1994). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">When determining gravity,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">typically<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>most important factor, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Commission considers the number of exposed employees, the duration of their exposure, whether precautions could have been taken against injury, and the likelihood of injury. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">When evaluating good faith:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[T]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he Commission focuses on a number of factors relating to the employer's actions,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">including the employer's safety and health program and its commitment to assuring safe and healthful working conditions[,]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in determining whether an employer's overall efforts to comply with the OSH Act and minimize any harm from the violations merit a penalty reduction.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Monroe Drywall Constr., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 24 BNA OSHC 1209,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1211<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 12-0379, 2013) (citations omitted).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission is the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“final arbiter” of penalties. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC at 1622 (citation omitted). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">For<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 1,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fall protection<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary proposed a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">penalty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">$</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0. For serious Citation 1, Item 2, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ladder v</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">iolation, the Secretary proposed a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">For each of these penalty calculations, the Secretary applied<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a discount for the small size of the employer (2 employees). The Secretary gave no credit for good faith because Respondent had no fall protection on site. The Secretary also determined that, for both violations, the severity was high but the probability was low. The probability was low because, due to the weather conditions, it was not icy or slippery, “in all likelihood, he probably wasn’t going to fall.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">28-32,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">37-40, 49-51, 55-56, 68-70, 78-79, 83-86)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court agrees with the Secretary’s approach to these factors. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent is a small employer and has no OSHA history</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. One employee was exposed to the fall hazards for at least as long as it took him to rake up the roof. Respondent did not have any fall protection, which could have readily been used as a precaution, on the worksite. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Daniel Crowe Roof Repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>company's failure to provide its roofers with any form of fall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">protection or training demonstrates that it is not entitled to any credit for good faith in the penalty assessment.).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Considering the Section 17(j) factors, the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">finds that the proposed penalt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ies are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">appropriate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ese<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">affirmed citation item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Findings o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">f Fact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">nd Conclusions<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">f Law</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">All findings of fact and conclusions of law relevant and necessary to a determination of the contested issues have been made above. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a). All proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law inconsistent with this decision are denied.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Based</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>upon the foregoing findings of fact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and conclusions of law, it is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDERED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that:</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1 of Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>for a serious violation of Section 5(a)(2) of the<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSH<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Act for a failure to comply with the standard at<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(13) is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and a penalty of $2,000 is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>of Citation<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>for a serious violation of Section 5(a)(2) of the OSH Act for a failure to comply with the standard at<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.1053(b)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and a penalty of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">$</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">SO ORDERED.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Honorable<span>
					</span>Dennis L. Phillips<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">U.S. OSHRC Judge</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">June 12, 2017</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Washington, D.C.</span></p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">1 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Scheduling Order required the<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>joint pre-trial statement contain</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">[A]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">n agreed statement of facts and issues, the Respondent shall set forth the factual basis of each affirmative defense as it relates to each specific item, a list of all lay witnesses who may be called at hearing, including a brief summary of testimony to be elicited [The factual substance of the lay testimony must be briefly summarized and a mere list of topics will not meet the requirement.]; a list of all expert witnesses including, as to each expert witness, a statement of subject matter and a summary of the substance of the testimony with respect to each item [Each expert opinion shall be numbered and separately set forth.]; a list of exhibits to be offered into evidence with notations of all objections thereto</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">[footnote here required that</span><span><span></span>
					</span>‘All documents or physical evidence intended for introduction at the hearing must be exchanged by the parties no later than 30 days before the commencement of the hearing.’<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">],<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">a list of all motions or other matters which require action by the Judge, an estimate of time each counsel anticipates will be needed to present its case, and the signatures, telephone numbers, and email addresses of counsel for all parties.</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">As there is no evidence in this record that the U.S. Postal Service failed to properly fulfill its duties, it is presumed that Respondent, via its counsel, received all mailings from the Court and the Court holds Respondent responsible for its mail handling procedures, as well as other actions or omissions, as noted below, during this proceeding. </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Byrd Produce Co.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">16 BNA OSHC 1268, 1269 (No. 91-0823, 1993) (consolidated) (parties are generally bound by the actions of their hired representatives);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Powell v. Commissioner</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, 958 F.2d 53, 54 (4</span><span style="font-size:10pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1992)</span><span style="font-size:10pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">(holding that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is reasonable to presume that the United States Postal Service officials have properly discharged their duties);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">L</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">a.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">-Pac</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, 13 BNA OSHC 2020, 2021 (No. 86-1266, 1989) (holding that t</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">he Commission expects e</span><span style="font-size:10pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">mployers to maintain orderly procedures for handling important documents).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Respondent’s counsel’s business address in the record was<span><span></span>
					</span>the<span><span></span>
					</span>Law Office of Nancy C. Flahive, 73 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA<span><span></span>
					</span>01104. The<span>
					</span>citations were issued to Chris Welch at 365 North Road, Broad Brook, CT 06016. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The Court received notice of Respondent’s counsel’s intended absence at trial at about 9:30 a.m., September 26, 2016. The Court promptly instructed its legal assistant to advise Respondent’s counsel that the trial would proceed as scheduled and commence at 10:30 a.m.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The trial commenced at 10:31 a.m., September 26, 2016. (Tr. 4).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">6 </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">The Court finds that the Secretary has proven all of the elements of a violation of each of the cited standards, and no defense was either offered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">by Respondent</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or found by the Court.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">7 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Lynaugh did not talk to the other worker because that worker was not up on the roof. (Tr. 23-24).</p>
			</div></div></body>
</html>