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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_Header style_Header " style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#00B050; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Some personal identifiers have been redacted for privacy purposes.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION<span>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t,</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> v. </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">GOOD FOOD CONCEPTS, LLC d/b/a RANCH FOODS DIRECT</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket No</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21-0946</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Isabella Finneman and Bryan Kaufman</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Department of Labor, Office of Solicitor,</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Denver</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Colorado</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Kristin White and J.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Micah</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Dickie, Fisher Phillips, LLP, Denver,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Colorado</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">or Respondent</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Be</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">fore: </span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Christopher<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">D.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Helms<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>–</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>U. S. Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">I.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Procedural History</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On June 11, 2021,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was operating a meat grinder at a retail grocery store<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">owned by Respondent Good Food<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oncepts</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, LLC d/b/a/<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods Direct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Ranch Foods or Respondent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, when her<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hand</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>got caught in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the grinder. The accident resulted in the amputation of four of her fingers. In response to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complaint</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sent Compliance Safety and Health Officer (CSHO)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">David Morris</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to conduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspection on June 15, 2021. As a result of the inspection, the Secretary of Labor (Secretary) issued<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two citations.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Only Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1 and Citation 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are relevant to this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">case.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>allege</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erious violation o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">f<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for failing to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provide a machine guard on the meat grinder.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2 allege</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ther-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">han-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erious violation of 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1904.39(a)(2) for failing to report within 24</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hours a work-related incident resulting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in-patient hospitalization.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The proposed penalty for Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>$9,557, and the proposed penalty for Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 2<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>$6,827.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Ranch Foods filed a timely notice of contest, bringing the matter before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Chief Administrative Law Judge designated this matter for conventional proceedings and assigned it to this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">November 29, 2021</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. A<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was held on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">September 22-23, 2022</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The following individuals testified:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(1) Jonathan Morrill, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">G</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eneral<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">anager<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the retail store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (2)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the injured employee; (3)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Roger Wichman,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Head Meat Cutter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the retail store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; (4) Michael<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, owner of Ranch Foods; (5)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s husband; (6) CSHO David Morris; (7) Bobbi Jo Kirby,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods; and (8) Liesl Taylor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an employee of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>After the trial concluded, both parties timely filed post-trial briefs, which were considered by the Court in reaching its decision.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Pursuant to Commission Rule 90, after hearing and carefully considering all the evidence and the arguments of counsel, the Court issues this Decision and Order as its findings of fact and conclusions of law.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the reasons discussed, both Citations are AFFIRMED.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">II.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Stipulations & Jurisdiction</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stipulated to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">several</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>matters, including the jurisdiction of this Court over<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">this</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>proceeding and the parties before it.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Joint Stipulation Statement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(J. Stip.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1, 2. The parties submitted the Joint Stipulation Statement to the Court prior to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the stipulations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">into the record.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Court shall incorporate by reference the Joint Stipulation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and refer to them as necessary in this decision.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">III.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Factual Background</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Ranch Foods & the Fillmore Street Store</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat processing business owned by Michael<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, who<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ha</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>been working in the meat industry for over 20 years</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 410).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a retail store located at 1228 E. Fillmore Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado (Fillmore Street store),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sold</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fresh<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">beef and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat products directly to consumers and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">consisted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of a retail section, a butcher, and a kitchen.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">27</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">28,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">82-83</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">410</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When he was in town,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">visited</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the store twice a day, four to five times a week</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and on some<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mornings,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he would observe the meat grinder being used</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 424, 428).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oversaw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the store but<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">delegated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>management<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and supervision</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, including discipline of employees,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to John<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Morrilland</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>John Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 425</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">26).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In June 2021</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Morrill was the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">G</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">eneral<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">anager of the Fillmore Street store, and he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that position<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for 3 1⁄2 years</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">visited</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Fillmore Street store every<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">day<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to pick up receipts from the night before and talk with employees about any issues or needs. (Tr. 97</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">98).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Wichman was the head of the meat department, and he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was a 17-year employee of Ranch Foods with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>over 50 years of experience in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">industry.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">285,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">360)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>There were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">13<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees at the Fillmore Street store in June 2021, and the meat department consisted of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman, Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">John</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Niccocia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, an employee with over 50 years of experience in the meat industry</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 29</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 82</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 109</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Oversight,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Safety<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">&</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Morrill was charged with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ensuring<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety compliance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>discipline</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the Fillmore Street store, and he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had the authority to remove employees for safety violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 30</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 37</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although Mr. Morrill<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was the General Manager and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">visited the store every day, he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">never conducted an internal safety audit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">check</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the meat department for safety</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>issues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because his daily visits were not geared toward looking for safety issues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 38, 39</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 98</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If any equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>operating properly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or posed any safety issues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>expected<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to report<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">those problems</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to him and stop using the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 40</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 101</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Mr. Morrill and other supervisors at Ranch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Foods relied on “observation by managers and other employees” to ensure<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that employees were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safely</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">although</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">afety violations were not documented</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unless disciplinary action was required</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">35,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">96</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 115-116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also posted a Code of Safe Practices in a common area</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, along</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with labor law posters and the weekly schedule. (Tr. 88, 89). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods did not have a formal<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety and health<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training plan for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">new</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>meat cutting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 33-35</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 185-86</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 302-03</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">E</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">mployees were given a handbook,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which included a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>general</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>disciplinary policy,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">but specific safety<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and equipment<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training was left to the employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">immediate<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervisor.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 35</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 93, 94</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Ex. R-14</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Wichman supervised the meat department and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trained</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>new meat-cutters,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>including<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 86</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">101,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">300</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>provided hands-on instruction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the operation of meat cutting tools and machinery,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and he was responsible for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ensuring that meat cutting employees were operating<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">machinery in a safe manner</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 35</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 186</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 199</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In June 2021,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been employed at Ranch Foods for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>years.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 177).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">She started her employment as a cashier and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, a year and a half later,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">joined the meat department</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">after<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">expressing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">interest in learning the trade.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 182</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-84</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rained</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and he taught her how to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use a stomper—an 18-inch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cylindrical</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tool</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that pushe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pieces of meat down the throat of the grinder—as well as how to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>disassemble and clean<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the grinder’s components</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 201-02</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 233</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 301, 314</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 368</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The meat grinder jammed frequently, so<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also trained<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how to clear a jam by reversing it and then allowing the machine to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">run</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>again.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 206, 208</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 370</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">If the jam did not clear, the operator was expected to disassemble the machine and clean it.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 368).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">taught Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to use safety gloves while cutting meat and to wear a hair net.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 303).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not use any<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">videos or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">written materials when training Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the meat grinder,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nor did he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">review the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">grinder’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manual<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>documents published by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that explained how to safely use a meat grinder.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 199</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 205-06</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 307</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 324</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>involved in the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>consisted of a hopper, a throat, the auger</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and a rotating blade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">527-28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The operator would place chunks of meat in the hopper and push the meat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with her hands<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">toward the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">entrance of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">throat of the grinder, at the bottom of which was the auger and blades that ground the meat.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 202</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 232</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 314</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operator could use a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stomper<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>push<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the meat down the throat of the grinder, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was 3 inches wide and measured 4 3⁄4 inches in length.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">72,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">74</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 202</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Sometimes an operator would use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">her</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fingers to dislodge meat from the walls of the throat when the stomper was ineffective. (Tr. 234</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 269</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trained</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to avoid using her fingers to push meat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">down</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the throat of the grinder.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 244</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">45).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, despite knowing it was dangerous, he frequently used<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">own<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fingers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to reach<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">up to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inches<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">into the throat of the grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because he “felt safe and comfortable” doing so based on his years of experience. (Tr. 316-18, 320)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman testified he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>knew his employees saw him<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">put his fingers in the throat, but he would advise his employees not to do so because it was unsafe.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">245,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">322).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prohibition on using one’s fingers to push<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat into the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">throat of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">grinder was not a written rule</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and Mr. Wichman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">never</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>formally reprimand</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>anyone for doing it.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 275).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the six months prior to the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, no one had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been disciplined for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">improper<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use of meat cutting equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or using fingers in the operation of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, despite its common practice among the meat grinder’s operators</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 203</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 270</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 437</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">&</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Hospitalization</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>On the morning of June<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2021, Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operating</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the meat grinder when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it jammed.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 220).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">She tried to reverse the machine,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">but it did not work. (Tr. 220). She then noticed extra meat on the side of the throat, so she reached into the throat to push it toward the auger,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at which time<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">her hand was caught and pulled into the grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 220).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, who was in the room,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unplugged the grinder, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other employe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s called an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ambulance.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 225</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 338</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Crutcher,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">acilities<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">anager</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was at the Fillmore Street store that day, and he tried<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to comfort</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>until the ambulance arrived.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 340</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 413</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Once<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the paramedics</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>saw Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">debated whether to apply a tourniquet to Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s arm.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 346).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that overhearing this conversation made him realize the seriousness of the injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 346-47).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The paramedics<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ultimately transported Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, along with the grinder, to Penrose Emergency Hospital, where she was admitted as in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">patient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 12:10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>p.m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Stip.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. At 1:36<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">p.m.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>underwent emergency surgery, at which time the surgical team reversed the meat grinder’s motor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">freed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s hand, and amputated four fingers.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That evening, Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was discharged from Penrose Hospital and transferred to Presbyterian/St. Luke’s Medical Center in Denver, Colorado, where she remained hospitalized until June 18, 2021.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Crutcher notified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the accident shortly after it occurred</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>went to Penrose Hospital, where he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">spoke</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s husband,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 415, 417-419).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">told Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was in surgery</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 489).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gave</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his business card before leaving the hospital</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and asked Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to keep him informed of Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r. 419). Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">obtain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s contact information</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>nor did he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ever<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">attempt to contact Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or her husband to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inquire</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>about Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 421, 428-429</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 493</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">June 12, 2021</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">called</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to express how sorry he was about the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ask</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>whether he could help in any way.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 352).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>told Mr. Wichman that the injuries were “bad,” and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>speculated that she had lost the tips of her fingers. (Tr. 353)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Morrill</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>learned about the accident around midday on July 11, 2021</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when he received a voicemail from</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Crutcher. (Tr. 61). H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e visited the Fillmore Street store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>later that day<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>discuss</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">what happened</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with the employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 62).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He learned that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s hand was caught in the grinder and that she was in the emergency room.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 62).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, he did not go to the hospital and, despite a history of communicating with Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>about attendance and injuries,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>take any proactive measures to learn the extent of Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the days following the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 66</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On June 14, 2021,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Morrill<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">texted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to express<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how bad</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he felt about her accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; however, h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inquire about her<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injuries</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, attendance, or hospitalization</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 63, 64, 493</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Ex. R-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20). That same day, Mr. Morrill informed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Workers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Compensation that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been hospitalized for more than 24 hours, at which time he knew she<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suffered an amputation injury. (Tr. 64, 65).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">D.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Inspection & Citation</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Morris conducted an inspection of the Fillmore Street store on June 15, 2021, after OSHA received a complaint</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>allegation that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an employee lost four fingers in a meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 519).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inspected the site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, took photographs of the meat grinder, and conducted interviews with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Morrill and Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 524</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">25).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO ultimately concluded that Ranch Foods failed to provide a method of guarding the meat grinder to protect the operator from hazards related to the point of operation, ingoing nip points or rotating parts, in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 556-57).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>He further concluded that Ranch Foods failed to report the accident to OSHA within 24 hours of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an accident requiring hospitalization, in violation of 29 C.F. R. § 1904.39(a)(2). (Tr. 571)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">IV.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Discussion</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation of a safety standard under<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. §§ 651–678 (the Act)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Secretary m</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ust prove by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) the employer failed to comply with the terms of that standard; (3) employees had access to the hazardous condition covered by the standard; and (4)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the employer knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative condition.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atl. Battery Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 2131, 2138 (No. 90-1747, 1994</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary has the burden of establishing each element by a preponderance of the evidence.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hartford Roofing Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1361, 1365 (No. 92-3855, 1995)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:43.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:43.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Item 1</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1 allege</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a serious violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">), which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provides</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One or more<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Examples of guarding methods are - barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">describes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the serious violation as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">before 6/11/21 the employer did not ensure that the meat grinder was guarded effectively or that tools other than hands were used for pushing small amounts of meat through the grinder when the stomper supplied by the employer was unable to push meat through the grinder. An employee lost four fingers of their right hand when trying to push meat through when the stomper was not effective. This condition exposed employees to amputation and crushing hazards.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation at 6.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; text-align:justify; margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>Applies</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish applicability of the standard, the Secretary must show that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, in the case of machine guarding, the employee is exposed to the hazard “from the way the machine functions and how it operates.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dentsply U</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Prosthetics, LLC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16-0140,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2017 WL 7038046, at *2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ALJ</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Aug. 15, 2017) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ci</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ladish Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1235 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">78-1384</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1981)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the cited standard is generally applicable according to its terms to the hazards presented by the moving parts of all types of industrial machinery</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, the Court concludes that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>squarely applies to the meat grinder at issue. Specifically, the meat grinder present</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a point of operation, ingoing nip point, and rotating parts hazards with the potential to cause serious injury, and Ranch Foods was required to provide one or more methods of machine guarding to protect the operator from those hazards.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods contends that the standard does not apply because the hazard identified by the Secretary was the result of activities covered by the lockout/tagout<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(LOTO)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard, 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.147</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">applies to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unexpected</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>energization or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">startup</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury to employees.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.147</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(a)(1)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was clearing a jam when she was injured, which constitutes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">service or maintenance<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">activity</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It contends that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>should have locked out the machine, and her failure to do so resulted in injury.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The issue before the Court is whether Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s attempt to clear the jam<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constitutes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“servicing and maintenance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or whether it occurred<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the course<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">normal production operations.” The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">LOTO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">may apply to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>jam</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.147(b) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the definition section of the LOTO standard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ervicing and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">/or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance” includes “cleaning and unjamming of machines or equipment”);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Otis Elevator Co. v. Sec</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">y of Lab</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>762 F.3d 116, 121 (D.C. Cir. 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(finding<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the repair of an elevator’s jammed chain violated the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>LOTO standard). However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its application</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is limited to activities<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">outside of normal production operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Sec’y, U.S. Dept of Lab</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">. Action Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>868 F.3d 1324, 1336 (11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">N</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ormal production operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he utilization of a machine or equipment to perform its intended production function.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.147</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Commission discussed the distinction between<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">servicing an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>maintenance activities</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">normal production operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Westvaco Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">involved an injury during<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a machine’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">set</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">up.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">90-1341,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1993 WL 369040, at *5 (OSHRC Sept. 14, 1993).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission agreed with the Administrative Law Judge’s determination that “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work performed on the machine while the machine is not being operated to actually produce its product is either servicing or maintenance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at *4.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>concluded that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the operator’s adjustments<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in that case<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occurred</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before normal production operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and thus fell<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">within</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">definition of servicing or maintenance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at *6. The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">critical fact was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the employee’s actions<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">red</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rior to—not during—the operation of the machine.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt concludes that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s unjamming of the machine fell within t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he grinder’s “normal production operations.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Jams in the meat grinder were common.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actively<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operating the grinder when it jammed. She<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reached into the throat to dislodge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">some<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">give the grinder something to catch when she put the grinder into reverse and forward again</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Putting the grinder in reverse is how Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was trained to clear a jam while operating the grinder, and the use of her fingers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to dislodge meat from the throat of the grinder was a tactic<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">she learned from</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Wichman.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under the facts of this case, unjamming the machine was not a maintenance or servicing activity</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; instead, it occurred during the grinder’s normal production operations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the LOTO standard does not apply here</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and instead the machine guarding standard applies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Roy Rock</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, LLC,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18-0068,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2021 WL 3624785, at *3 (OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>July 22, 2021) (holding that the LOTO standard did not apply because the operator “was still working on the machine” and his removal of a cylinder was unrelated to the machine’s “care” or “upkeep”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; text-align:justify; margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Secretary Established<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Violation of the Standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>and Exposure to the Hazard</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The elements of noncompliance and exposure overlap with one another in cases involving machine guarding.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Aerospace Testing All.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>No. 16-1167, 2020 WL 5815499, at *6, n3 (OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Sept. 21, 2020).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Generally, the method of machine guarding<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should not be predominantly dependent upon human behavior.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Akron Brick and Block Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 4859,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1976 WL 5896, at *2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Jan 14, 1976)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Instead, the purpose of the standard is to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">avoid dependence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">upon human behavior and to provide a safe environment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>operating machinery, regardless of their intelligence, skills, and tendency to neglect a specified course of conduct.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(citing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hartford Accident &<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Indem</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Co. v. Cardillo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 112 F.2d 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15 (D.C. Cir. 1940</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The occurrence of an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>actual injur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">probative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of whether a machine presents a hazard, although it is not conclusive.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">A.E.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Burgess Leather Co., Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1096, 1097 (No. 12501, 1977)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 576 F.2d 948 (1st Cir. 1978)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(holding that actual exposure to a hazard was not negated by a favorable safety record)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods maintains that it complied with the machine guarding standard because the meat grinder was guarded by design</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and prevented<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an employee’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exposure to the hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Specifically, Ranch Foods argues that the length of the throat protected the operator by distance and the narrow width of the throat ensured that an adult’s hand could not enter the zone of danger. Ranch Foods also argues that operators were given a stomper,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which avoided the use of an operator’s fingers when pushing meat into the throat of the grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and that operators were warned against using their fingers inside the throat.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court concludes that Ranch Foods violated the machine guarding standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and, as a result, employees were exposed to a hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The operation of the grinder demonstrates the presence of a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazard, i.e.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the auger and blades,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exposed the operator to significant risk of amputation. The fact that an accident involving the grinder had not previously occurred does not negate the presence of the hazard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">A.E. Burgess Leather Co. v.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 576 F.2d at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1097</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(internal citations omitted);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Lee Way Motor Freight, Inc. v. Sec</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">y of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 511 F.2d 864, 870 (10th Cir. 1975) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">One purpose of the Act is to prevent the first accident.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>provided operators with a stomper, the standard expressly prohibits tools to be used in lieu of a guard. 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.212(a)(3)(iii)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Similarly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1910.212(a)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1) does not permit guarding by work rules.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Akron Brick & Block Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4859</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1976 WL 5896, at *</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(OSHRC, Jan. 14, 1076)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">holding that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work rules relating to the use of a safety switch and hook were not a method of guarding contemplated by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.212(a)(1));<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>BNA OSHC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1687, 1690 (No. 98</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1107, 2001) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">holding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the point of operation must have a physical guard that does not depend upon correct employee behavior).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, the design of the throat was insufficient to satisfy the requirements of the standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposure to a hazard required for noncompliance, the Secretary “must show that it is reasonably predictable either by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">), that employees have been, are, or will<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be in the zone of danger.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Fabricated Metal Prod</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1072, 1073–74 (No. 93-1853, 1997).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The element of exposure is not an inquiry into the theoretical; rather, the Court must determine whether employee entry into the zone of danger is reasonably predictable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">internal citation omitted)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S. Hens, Inc. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 930 F.3d 667</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">681 (5th Cir. 2019)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(affirming ALJ’s determination that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposure to the hazard was reasonably predictable by operational necessity because there was no guard on the conveyor, jams occurred frequently,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operators were expected to clear the jams, and the tool provided was too heavy to use in all instances, resulting in the employees’ fingers getting within an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inch or two of the nip point).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an employee suffered a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">serious</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in her operation of the grinder<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">due to the lack o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">f a guard. A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lthough not conclusive, the fact that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was able to access the zone of danger is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">probative</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of exposure. And, that exposure should have been reasonably foreseeable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When operating</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the grinder, employees put their hands in the hopper, which was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">approximately</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>one inch above the top of the grinder’s throat.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The testimony at trial demonstrated that all three employees who used the meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inserted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>their fingers one to two inches inside the throat of the grinder when they were unable to dislodge meat from the side of the throat. This would put their fingers within 2 to 4 inches from the rotating auger. The Cou</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t concludes that the practice was so common that it should have been reasonably foreseeable that an operator would, by necessity or inadvertence, put<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">their</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hands within the zone of danger</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Oberdorfer Indus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">97-0469</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2003 WL 22060459, at *7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC Aug. 29, 2003</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(consolidated)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(holding that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence of the operators’ hands being three to eight inches from the unguarded rotating chucks clearly established exposure to a hazard).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Ranch Foods argues that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">there was no history of employees getting hurt from exposure to a hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>presented by the meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occurrence of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>only one<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>does not negate the fact that the operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s fingers were routinely in the zone of danger and exposed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a hazard during the operation of the machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Hens, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 930 F.3d<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>681–82<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The lack of injury history does not change the readily evident fact that a machine with a nip point lacked a physical guard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, the Secretary established violation of the standard and exposure to the hazard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; text-align:justify; margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Secretary Established that Ranch Foods Knew or Should Have Known of the Hazardous Condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish knowledge, the Secretary must show by a preponderance of the evidence “that the employer knew of the hazardous<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">condition, or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>could have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Mountain States Contractors, LLC v. Perez</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 825 F.3d 274, 283 (6th Cir. 2016) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">internal citation omitted).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“When considering the question of reasonable diligence, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ALJ</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>looks to a number of factors including: ‘an employer’s obligation to inspect the work area, to anticipate hazards to which employees may be exposed, and to take measures to prevent the occurrence.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">285 (quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kokosing Constr. Co. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 232 F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">App’x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>510, 512</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2007) (unpublished))</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">urt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also considers whether the employer has adequate work rules and training programs and has adequately supervised<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Precision Concrete Constr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 19 BNA OSHC 1404, 1407 (No. 99-0707, 2001)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(internal citation omitted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ComTran</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Grp., Inc. v. U.S.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dep</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Lab</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 722 F.3d 1304, 1307–08 (11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2013)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(holding that an employer’s failure to implement an adequate safety program can show knowledge because, in the absence of a program, violation of safety rules is reasonably foreseeable).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Generally, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he knowledge of a supervisor or foreman can be imputed to the company.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Jersey Steel Erectors</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1162, 1164 (No. 90-1307, 1993),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 19 F.3d 643 (3d Cir. 1994) (unpublished) (imputing constructive knowledge of supervisor to the company</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">this</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>becomes more complicated when the supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>himself</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is engaging in misconduct.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In those circumstances</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the supervisor’s violation of safety rules cannot be imputed to the employer and the Secretary must instead establish the employer’s actual or constructive knowledge based on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether the supervisor’s misconduct was foreseeable.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">W.G. Yates & Sons Const</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">. Co. Inc. v.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 459 F.3d 604, 609</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>n.8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2006)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Co. v. O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">SHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 623 F.2d 155, 158 (10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1980)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(same).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary can meet this burden by showing that the violation was foreseeable because of inadequacies in safety precautions, training of employees, or supervision.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cap. Elec. Line Builders of Kan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc. v. Marshall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 678 F.2d 128, 130 (10th Cir. 1982)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">2</a></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that he knew the meat grinder was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a dangerous machine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and that placing his fingers into the throat of the grinder was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unsafe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He expressly admitted that although</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>no one should insert their fingers into the throat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he routinely did</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>so in his operation of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, the testimony demonstrates that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees who operated the meat grinder<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regularly inserted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">their fingers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the throat of the grinder to knock meat down into the auger</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which would have been easily observed by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman or other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods management.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the misconduct by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Wichman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was reasonably foreseeable.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The record shows that Ranch Foods did not have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">effective<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety training or rules in place.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">W.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">G. Yates,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>459 F.3d at 609 n.8 (holding that evidence of lax safety standards rendered the supervisor’s violation of safety rules foreseeable).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">give</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a training or safety manual to employees operating the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">grinder. Management did not observe the operation of the meat grinder<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for safety</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did management</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>oversee Mr. Wichman’s training of new employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hamilton Fixture</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1079, 1087 (No. 88-1720, 1993) (citation omitted),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 28 F.3d 213 (6th Cir. 1994)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(holding that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s obligation to inspect its workplace for hazards “requires a careful and critical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">examination, and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is not satisfied by a mere opportunity to view equipment.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Discipline or reprimands, if issued, were not formally documented</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and no employee was cited for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any safety rules violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>while operating the meat grinder.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The inadequacies of Ranch Foods’ safety training and precautions established that Mr. Wichman’s own violation of safety rules<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>foreseeable.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Moreover</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, Mr. Morrill as the general manager had the responsibility to ensure that his employees worked safely, and he could discipline<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actions</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unsafe. Yet, he failed to examine the machines at the worksite, did not observe employees using the grinder, and did not check the equipment for safe operation. Although Mr. Morrill testified that he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">relied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on his employees to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">act safely and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">report any safety issues with the machines, an employer cannot simply delegate the duty of safety to its employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See PBR, Inc. v. Sec'y of Labor,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>643 F.2d 890, 895 (1st Cir.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1981) (“[The employer] cannot escape responsibility for the violation because it warned<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="page-break-before:page; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its employees to exercise caution.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Such delegation of employee safety to the employees themselves is clearly inconsistent with the purposes and policies of the Act.”).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Court concludes that the Secretary has met her burden to demonstrate that the standard applied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was violated,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed employees to a hazard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The Court further concludes that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods knew or could have known of the hazard with the exercise of reasonable diligence.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lastly, the Court notes that there is no dispute over the classification of Citation 1 Item 1 as Serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Under section 17(k) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 666(k), a violation is serious if there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Conagra Flour Milling Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 88-2572</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1992 WL 215113, at *7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Aug. 18, 1992). That threshold is met here.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the Court</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>now</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>turns to the affirmative defense advanced by Ranch Foods:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unpreventable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee misconduct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:91.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Ranch Foods Failed to Establish Unpreventable Employee Misconduct</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ranch Foods argues that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s intentional act of trying to unjam the grinder without ensuring it was locked out was employee misconduct. It argues in the alternative that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>act of pushing meat down the throat of the grinder rather than using the stomper was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unpreventable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee misconduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because she engaged in that misconduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">despite being trained to use the stomper and how to operate and unjam the grinder safely.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>defense</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of unpreventable employee misconduct</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the burden shifts to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>show that it had: (1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">established work rules designed to prevent the violative conditions from occurring; (2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">adequately communicated those rules to its employees; (3) took steps to discover violations of those rules; and (4) effectively enforced the rules when violations were discovered.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Manganas</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Painting Co., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">94-0588</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2007 WL 6113032, at *40</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mar. 23, 2007).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When the alleged</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>misconduct is that of a supervisor, the proof of “unpreventable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee misconduct” is more rigorous and more difficult to establish since it is the supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s duty to protect the safety of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees under his supervision.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Archer-W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Contractors Ltd</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., No. 87-1067, 1991</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>WL 81020, at *5 (OSHRC, Apr. 30, 1991)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Involvement by a supervisor in a violation is “strong evidence that the employer’s safety program was lax.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Daniel Constr. Co.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10 BNA OSHC 1549, 1552 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 16265,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1982).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The conventional way to prove the enforcement element is for the employer to introduce evidence of a disciplinary program by which the company reasonably expects to influence the behavior of employees.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Precast Serv</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">93-2971</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1995 WL 693954, at *1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nov. 14, 1995).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For instance, an employer may provide evidence of a progressive disciplinary plan consisting of increasingly harsh measures taken against employees who violate the work rule.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Asplundh Tree Expert Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 16162,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1979 WL 8540, at *7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Dec. 31, 1979)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(employer introduced evidence of company policy calling for a stern oral or written reprimand for the first violation, followed by discharge for a second violation)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>This requires<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence that an employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">enforced its safety rules and documented safety violations committed by its employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Angel Bro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Enter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, L</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">td.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. Walsh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 F.4th 827, 832 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2021)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(holding that despite the existence of work rules and proactive steps taken to discover violations, the employer was unable to show documentary evidence that it enforced its safety rules upon<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">discovering violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the Court concludes that Ranch Foods had limited safety rules in place and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lax in the enforcement of those rules.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>If</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>management<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">issued warnings to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were given verbally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and there was no requirement for documentation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of work rule violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, there is no evidence in the record that any Ranch Foods employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ever</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>actually</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reprimanded or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disciplined for safety violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in their</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>operation of the meat grinder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In addition, the record shows that Ranch Foods management did not take steps to discover violations of work rules.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees, including the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meat department<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervisor, reported that they routinely used their fingers to push meat into the throat of the grinder.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Morrill had ample opportunity to observe the operation of meat cutting machinery and correct any behavior that violated safety rules.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, they did not get involved in determining whether the machinery was operating safely or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">address</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the meat grinder’s frequent jamming issues. The failure of management to conduct safety reviews or observe the operation of the meat grinder is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fatal to Ranch Foods’ employee misconduct defense.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Accordingly, the Court AFFIRMS Citation 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:43.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:43.2px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Citation<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleges a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ther-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">han-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1904.39(a)(2),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a reporting standard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:54px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Within twenty-four (24) hours after the in-patient hospitalization of one or more employees or an employee's amputation or an employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s loss of an eye, as a result of a work-related incident, you must report the in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye to OSHA.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary describes the serious violation as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:19.2px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:54px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On or before 6/11/21 the employer did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">report a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work related</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>amputation resultin</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">g</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in inpatient hospitalization to OSHA as required by this standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:54px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>10.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is undisputed that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suffered a serious injury that resulted in the amputation of four fingers and in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">patient hospitalization.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">J</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tip</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>¶ 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is also undisputed that Ranch Foods did not report the in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">patient hospitalization to OSHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, thus violating the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>only inquiry left for the Court is to determine whether Ranch Foods had actual or constructive knowledge of Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s hospitalization and amputation injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, thus triggering its obligation to report.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The reporting requirements “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provide the Secretary with prompt notification of serious accidents so that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[s]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he can take timely action to avoid further injuries.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Lancaster Colony Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Candle-lite Div</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 92-0958,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1993 WL 119644, at *3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ALJ,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Apr. 5, 1993)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(internal citation omitted).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Commission has found an employer to be in violation of the reporting standard even where the employer made a good faith effort to report an accident but reported it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o state and local authorities instead</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">F. F. Green Const</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">r.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Co., Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>No. 1015,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1973 WL 4269, at *6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(OSHRC Nov. 26, 1973)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(finding a violation of the reporting requirement<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">where the employer reported the accident to a third party, even though the third party then timely notified the nearest OSHA office).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Here, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he record demonstrates that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">management<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">made no effort to report the accident to OSHA, despite its awareness<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the accident and its severity. Mr. Wichman was in the room when the accident occurred, and he observed Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inability</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to extract her hand from the grinder. He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">overheard the paramedics debating whether to apply a tourniquet to her arm,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">gave him a strong indication that her injuries were severe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and may involve amputation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Mr. Wichman spoke with Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the day after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, at which time he learned that the injuries were “bad.”<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Mr. Morrill had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ample</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>opportunity to learn the extent of Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s injuries and whether she<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">admitted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">patient</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the hospital</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was at the hospital within hours of the accident,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at which time he could have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">made serious inquiries</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition and treatment plan. Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also spoke with employees of the Fillmore Street store</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which would have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">informed him</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the severity of the accident. Yet, Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Callicrate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>made no effort to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ask about</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, including</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>whether she would be able to return to work. Similarly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Morrill spoke with the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Fillmore Street<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">store’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees shortly after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should have been aware of the severity of the accident. Yet, he failed to contact Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or her husband until<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three days after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, despite previously being in regular contact with Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>regarding her attendance and time off requests.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Management, with the exercise of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasonable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>diligence,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">could</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">learned within 24 hours of the accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Ms.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suffered an amputation and was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">admitted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">patient at the hospital</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failed to conduct any sort of investigation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. An employer cannot escape<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">liability</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for violating a reporting standard by failing to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">make</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reasonable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">efforts to gather information and make inquiries about</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an employee’s condition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and hospitalization</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Citation 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 2 is AFFIRMED.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">RDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The foregoing Decision constitutes the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ions of Law, it is ORDERED that:</span></p>
			</div>
			<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1, alleging a<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">erious violation of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is AFFIRMED, and a penalty of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$9,557</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is ASSESSED.</span></p>
			<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2, Item 2, alleging an Other-Than-Serious violation of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1904.39(a)(2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is AFFIRMED, and a penalty of<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$6,827</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is ASSESSED.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">.</span></p>
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					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;width:1.746cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "> </p>
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					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;width:6.033cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "> </p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "> </p>
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					</td>
					<td style="vertical-align:bottom; padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-bottom:solid .018cm #000000; width:9.557cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">/s/</span></p>
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					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;width:1.746cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dated: </span></p>
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					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;width:6.033cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">May 15, 2023</span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Denver, Colorado</span></p>
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					<td style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.19cm;padding-right:0.19cm;border-left:none, 0, inherit; border-right:none, 0, inherit; border-top:solid .018cm #000000; border-bottom:none, 0, inherit; width:9.557cm;">
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Christopher D. Helms</span></p>
						</div>
						<div>
							<p style="line-height:1.0583333333333333; margin-left:192px; text-indent:-5.08cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Judge, OSHRC</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1 </span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Morrill had previously worked for Ranch Foods as a bookkeeper between 2008 and 2015.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 40).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2 </span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court notes that there is a split</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>between the Commission and some circuits</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on this issue.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Compare</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><a href="https://oshrc.sharepoint.com/:b:/s/LibraryResearch/EVTBy5MnJ9RLmz7ZONYtP-MBIlEAM4jVI22xgU7d3e5n9Q?e=C1eOou"><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span class="IDQ1LEFGUXIBORCDZRD35EI5AK4JB0H2DSWJMRVJMROPPPQLX1L3YP">Revoli</span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span class="ID3JZVGXKAOCAOEQBNEDXDAVUEIN0Z5WQK4EMPFGEFRHDS5EB5BBXO"> </span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span class="IDRMCPENG0M2533TRMZ0V0NGFPLCBMMJTFK54DFEZ3WRON2QDCSDB">Constr</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>No. 00-0315, 2001</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>WL 1568807, at *3-4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (finding “actual or constructive knowledge of an employer’s foreman or supervisor can be imputed to the employer”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "> </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Mountain States Tel. and Tel. Co. v. O</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">SHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 623 F.2d 155, 158 (10th Cir. 1980)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">holding that knowledge cannot be imputed to an employer when the noncomplying behavior is the supervisor’s own).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Tenth Circuit could consider the matter if a petition for review were to be field,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court relies on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>precedent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in that circuit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tree Serv</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">96</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1719</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2000 WL 294514, at *4 (OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mar. 16, 2000) (“Where it is highly probable that a Commission decision would be appealed to a particular circuit, the Commission has generally applied the precedent of that circuit in deciding the case<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>even though it may differ from the Commission’s precedent.”)</span></p>
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