# Patent

## Title
Flexible seal and molded rigid chamber

## Abstract

A connection between an expansion chamber outlet and a rubber cuff that accommodates an inlet portion of a throttle body exhibits an overmolded, hot plate or spin weld type of connection between an expansion chamber wall outlet portion and the rubber cuff. The rubber cuff may have a bellow in it to absorb shock and force from the throttle body. The rubber cuff may be insert molded around the expansion chamber outlet such that the joined interface between the rubber cuff and the expansion chamber is from the molding. The molded interface prevents separation due to air forces through the chamber and cuff. A cuff recession on a cuff inside diameter receives a protuberance of the throttle body inlet portion. A band clamp fits around the outside diameter of the cuff, adjacent the throttle body inlet protuberance, to prevent movement relative to the throttle body.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to, and is a continuation-in-part of, U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 11/728,633 filed on Mar. 27, 2007. The entire disclosure of Application Ser. No. 11/728,633 is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a vehicle air induction system and more particularly, to an interconnection of an insert-molded expansion chamber and cuff of a clean air duct.
BACKGROUND
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art. Air induction systems typically utilize clean air ducts to convey filtered air from an airbox assembly to a throttle body, before delivering the filtered air to a vehicle engine. The clean air duct must be closed to the outside environment to prevent false air from entering the system. False air is any air that enters the system through leaks created within a part or at assembly interconnections of the parts of the system.
Historically, clean air ducts have been molded completely from rubber or rubber alternatives. While such a manufactured product allows for relatively easy attachment to the airbox and throttle body, it also causes concerns related to excess weight and duct integrity or collapsibility. Recent developments have improved upon the complete rubber design by making use of overmolding technology to create a combination blow molded duct with overmolded rubber cuffs. While such a duct results in a lighter duct, the combination of blow molding and overmolding does not allow for tight or close part tolerances. In overmolding, a die must close securely around the blow molded part with no air leaks thus requiring the use of a mandrel inserted into the part to center it and use of a ledge and space around the part circumference to clamp the rigid part prior to overmolding. In order to incorporate the necessary ledge, a part designer must provide additional length in the part design. This additional length may result in space between the blow-molded and overmolded parts. Tight packaging within current automotive vehicles requires that an alternative configuration be developed to achieve the desired performance in a smaller package. Noise, vibration and harshness (“NVH”) concerns must also be considered with any clean air duct designs. Forceful turbulent air entering the induction system may generate an undesirable “whoosh” or “whistle” noise as a result of the forceful air moving through the clean air duct. Thus, the new configuration must be securely held together and be resistant to separation due to the air forces.
FIG. 6 depicts a connection 100 of a blow molded clean air duct 102 that has an overmolded cuff 104 mated at the interface 110. Finally the cuff 104 is pressed onto the throttle body 106 as part of the connection 100. In the prior art connection 100, a gap or space 108 remains due to the mandrel utilized in the overmolding process. Such space 108 utilizes valuable space necessary under the hood of today's automobiles for various vehicle and engine systems.
What is needed then is a device that does not suffer from the above disadvantages. This, in turn, will provide a device with an interconnection or joint between an expansion chamber and a clean air duct cuff that is capable of withstanding the forces due to internal airflow and overpressure of the intake system, and that can be made efficiently and compactly without spaces remaining after tooling withdrawal. Additionally, the part should easily and securely join to a throttle body and provide flexibility in response to the force of airflow.
SUMMARY
An engine air induction system delivers clean air through a throttle body to the engine while providing noise attenuation with minimal power loss by use of an insert molded clean air duct. A dovetail connection exists between an expansion chamber outlet wall and a rubber cuff, which accommodates an inlet portion of a throttle body. The expansion chamber wall may have a dovetail recession while the rubber cuff may have a dovetail projection. Because the rubber cuff is insert molded around the expansion chamber outlet, the interface between the rubber cuff and the expansion chamber, including the dovetail interface, is one of insert molding.
The dovetail joint between the expansion chamber and cuff prevents separation due to air forces of the air passing through the air induction system en route to the engine. A groove in the cuff, on a side of the cuff opposite of the dovetail projection, receives a protuberance of a throttle body inlet portion. A band clamp fits around the outside diameter of the cuff adjacent and also beside the throttle body inlet protuberance to prevent movement of the throttle body when the clamp is tightened. The cuff may also have a nub or nubs, and/or a ring or rings molded into the inside diameter of the rubber cuff to prevent slippage of the throttle body inlet portion from the rubber cuff.
An engine air induction duct connection assembly that employs a duct outlet portion, a bellow cuff, and a molded joint connecting the duct outlet portion and the bellow cuff. The duct outlet portion may further employ a protruding flange portion such that the protruding flange portion protrudes at ninety degrees to the duct outlet portion. The molded joint may exists upon three flat surfaces of the protruding flange portion. The protruding flange portion protrudes toward an outboard area, away from duct airflow. The bellow cuff may further employ a bellow portion that is collapsible upon itself, such as when a force is applied to the throttle body, such as during engine starting or revving. The bellow cuff may further define a recess in an inboard wall of the bellow cuff within which a protuberance on the throttle body inlet portion resides. The duct outlet portion may define a duct outlet inboard surface, which together with the bellow cuff inboard surface and throttle body inboard surface forms a smooth continuous interior wall surface for engine intake air. That is, the overall surface that is defined by such surfaces is on an even plain and not subject to planar variations that might generate noise or hinder airflow through the connection assembly and over such surfaces.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.



DRAWINGS
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary vehicle front end depicting the location of an engine, including the duct of the present teachings;
FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of an exemplary vehicle air induction system in accordance with teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a clean air duct in accordance with teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the clean air duct of FIG. 3 taken along line 4-4;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the juncture of the expansion chamber of the clean air duct and a throttle body inlet in accordance with teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a juncture of a throttle body to a body section of a clean air duct of the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a clean air duct of FIG. 3 taken along line 4-4; and
FIG. 8 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the juncture of the expansion chamber of the clean air duct, a throttle body inlet and cuff in accordance with an embodiment of the present teachings.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. With general reference to FIGS. 1-5, the teachings of the present invention will be explained. A typical front end of a representative automotive vehicle 10, includes an underhood compartment 12 for packaging vehicular components. The components of the underhood compartment 12 typically includes a compact array of parts necessary to proper functioning of the vehicle 10, such as an engine 13, an air induction system 14, and more. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the air induction system 14 delivers filtered air to a throttle body 16, which in turn is used in combustion within the vehicle engine 13. The air induction system 14 employs an air duct 18, also known as a fresh, outside or “dirty” air duct, an air intake chamber or airbox assembly 20, and a clean air duct 22. During operation, unfiltered air enters the air induction system 14 through the fresh air duct 18 and passes through a filter located in the airbox assembly 20. The filtered air then travels from the airbox assembly 20 to the clean air duct 22 and then into and inlet portion of the throttle body 16. The throttle body 16 meters the filtered air before allowing it to enter the vehicle engine 13. Based upon driver demand, the throttle body 16 controls the volume of air entering the engine 13.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the clean air duct 22 will be described in greater detail. The clean air duct 22 may have an accordion style, or longitudinally compressible rubber duct 24 that may be securely attached to the airbox assembly 20 by a clamp 26, that fits around a groove 27 in the rubber duct 24. Convolutes 28 may be included in the design and structure of the rubber duct 24 to allow for tolerance concerns, such as if the rubber duct 24 and the airbox are not perfectly in alignment. Periods of misalignment may occur during engine roll, as may be experienced during engine starting and periods of engine operation, such as acceleration. The number and size of the convolutes 28 may be system specific.
Continuing with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the rubber duct 24 may be attached directly to an injection molded expansion chamber 30 by a molding process. The expansion chamber 30 may have a top section 32 and a body section 34, both sections joined by a welding process to create the final expansion chamber 30 shape. Further, the expansion chamber 30 may be connected to a rubber cuff 36 by insert molding. The rubber cuff 36 may be used to connect the clean air duct 22 to the throttle body 16, while the rubber cuff 36 may be held securely to the throttle body 16 by a clamp 38.
With reference now primarily to FIG. 4, the airflow 35 through the clean air duct 22 is depicted. More specifically, turbulent air flows from the airbox assembly 20 and into the rubber duct 24. As the airflow enters the rubber duct, a turbulent air component causes an acoustic pulse, which is desired to be attenuated, to propagate through the system. Such sound waves propagating through the air induction system 14 may be reduced by using an expansion chamber or Helmholtz tuner. Expansion chambers and Helmholtz tuners reflect sound waves back toward the source canceling out the sound wave from the source in the process. In one example, the expansion chamber 30 is utilized to attenuate any noise (sound waves) propagating through the air induction system 14.
Continuing now with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, an explanation of the expansion chamber 30 and rubber cuff 36 interconnection will be provided. The expansion chamber 30 may be manufactured by injection molding plastic into a desired configuration. As depicted, a rectangular or box shape is utilized as an example for the present teachings, but it should be understood that other configurations may be utilized to meet fit and function requirements. The expansion chamber 30 of the present invention is molded in at least two separate pieces, a top section or cover 32 (FIG. 3) and a body section 34, which includes a portion of a dovetail joint 40. The expansion chamber 30 material may be a polypropylene, a polyamide or any equivalent material that meets underhood temperature and durability requirements. In one example, a polyamide material may be necessary to withstand the expected underhood temperature conditions. Furthermore, the expansion chamber 30 may maintain a tight tolerance defined by the injection tooling and part cooling time. In one example, injection molded polyamide is used in an injection molded process to manufacture the expansion chamber 30.
Continuing with the manufacturing of the clean air duct 22 of FIGS. 4 and 5, the cuff 36 may first be made by injection molding and then be inserted into molding tooling so that the body section 34 may then be molded around the cuff 36 to achieve the desired finished part with the body section 34 and cuff 36 joined. The cuff 36 may be a rubber or synthetic material such as ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (“EPDM”) or santopreneTM, a thermoplastic rubber. For this example, santoprene may be suitable because of its temperature-withstanding properties and its overall durability when subjected to clamping and in-service part forces.
Continuing with FIG. 5 and the description of the juncture of the body section 34, the rubber cuff 36, and additionally the throttle body 16, the body section 34 defines a recession 42 in the shape of a dovetail, while the rubber cuff 36 defines a corresponding projection 44 in the shape of a dovetail. When the dovetail projection 44 and dovetail recession 42 are mated together, such as during an insert molding process, they form the dovetail joint 40. Upon insert molding the body section 34 to the santoprene cuff 36, and thus creating and maintaining the dovetail joint 40, an inboard juncture surface 46 and an outboard juncture surface 48 are formed. The inboard juncture surface 46 and an outboard juncture surface 48 are on opposite sides of the dovetail joint 40 and are mated to form a seal that effectively prevents air from passing from inside the expansion chamber 30, to outside the expansion chamber or from outside the expansion chamber 30 to inside the expansion chamber.
FIG. 5 also depicts the securement of an inlet portion 50 of the throttle body 16 within the inside diameter of the rubber cuff 36. More specifically, the inlet portion 50 has a protuberance 52 that resides within a cuff groove 54 when the throttle body 16 is inserted within the cuff 36. To secure the throttle body 16 within the cuff 36, the throttle body 16 is moved in accordance with direction arrow 56 such that the protuberance 52 actually contacts the inside diameter 58 of the cuff 36 until it reaches the cuff groove 54. As the protuberance 52 contacts the inside diameter 58 of the cuff 36, the inside diameter 58 may undergo compression to the extent indicated by compression boundary 60. Furthermore, the cuff 36 may have one or more small, protruding nubs 51 that project from the inside diameter 58 of the cuff 36. Alternatively, the nub 51 may actually be a continuous protruding ring about the inside diameter of the cuff 36. The ring or nubs 51 provide another, increased friction point for the throttle body 16 inlet portion 50 to further secure the inlet portion 50 against the cuff 36. The friction is heightened because the nubs 51 are in a state of compression resistance with the inlet portion 50, to a degree greater than the cuff inside diameter 58 itself. When the protuberance 52 reaches the cuff groove 54, the cuff inside diameter 58 is restored to its pre-compressed diameter. As a result of the restoration, the protuberance is securely lodged within the groove 54 to prevent inboard and outboard movement (in accordance with the direction arrows 56, 64) of the throttle body inlet portion 50.
To provide added security that the protuberance 52 remains within the groove 54, the circular clamp 38 (see also FIG. 3) may be drawn tight around the cuff 36 and the inlet portion 50, which may result in compression of the cuff 36 because the clamp 38 provides a clamping force that is perpendicular to the airflow 35 through the inlet portion 50. Continuing, the airflow 35 through the clean air duct 22 results in a series of forces about the dovetail joint 40. More specifically, the airflow 35 causes a force in accordance with the direction of arrow 64 and arrow 66. Arrow 56 and arrow 68 depict the direction of counteracting forces of the structure 34, 36. Elaborating on the forces, the force represented by arrow 64 acts upon the throttle body 16 and is resisted by the protuberance 52 and groove 54 in accordance with the direction of arrow 56. The airflow 35 also acts upon the body section 34 with a force in accordance with arrow 66 which is countered by the dovetail joint 40 in accordance with arrow 68. The dovetail joint also assists in countering the force 64 so as to maintain the integrity of the mated surfaces 46, 48.
There are multiple advantages of the structure described above. First, the connection of the body section 34 of the clean air duct 22 leaves no gaps between any of the parts due to tooling removal, as is evidence in FIG. 6 of the prior art, by gap 108. By insert molding the body section 34 and cuff 36, such gap may be eliminated. Second, the dovetail joint 40 provides a connection such that the body section 34 will not separate from the cuff 36 as forceful airflow 35 passes through the clean air duct 22 and into the throttle body 16. Additionally, the protuberance 52 of the throttle body 16 fits securely into the groove 54 of the cuff 36, and thus the protuberance pulls longitudinally on the cuff 36 (FIG. 5) due to the airflow acting on the inlet portion 50. In the prior art of FIG. 6, the forces of the airflow may operate to separate part of the cuff 104 from the clean air duct 102. More specifically, with reference to FIG. 6, as the airflow 112 moves into the throttle body 106, the protuberance 114 puts a force on the cuff 104 which may hasten the separation of the overmolding interface 116, and in more extreme cases, at the interface 110. Such is not possible with the structure of the present teachings depicted in FIG. 5 because the protuberance 52 does not act to separate at an interface of parts 36, 34, but rather only places a force directly on the cuff 36.
Continuing, the dovetail joint 40 of FIG. 5 prevents separation by creating a molded, interlocking dovetail structure that resists separation, instead of merely a non-interlocking, surface to surface interface as in FIG. 6. Moreover, the process of insert molding the body section 34 onto the rubber cuff 36 is an advantage over the previously used overmolding process that required tooling gaps 108 or spaces between molded parts. Such a gap consumes valuable engine compartment space. The elimination of the gap 108 also permits the cuff 36 to be extended to the inside diameter area of the body section 34 structure, as opposed to the outside diameter area of the clean air duct 102, as depicted in FIG. 6.
Continuing with advantages of the invention, the location of the groove 54, which is located on an inside diameter of the cuff 36, adjacent and opposite of the dovetail joint 40, which is located in an outside diameter of the cuff 36, exhibits another advantage. Specifically, because the groove 54 is located nearly directly opposite the dovetail joint 40, when any force from the protuberance 52 of the throttle body 16 is subjected within the groove 54, the proximately located dovetail joint 40 is able to counter such force than if the groove were located in another area of the cuff 36. Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 5, the bottom of the groove 54 is located at or just slightly above the top of clamp 38, which is located on an outside diameter of the cuff 36. Thus, when the clamp 38 is tightened, the protuberance 52 of the inlet portion 50 is prevented from moving and the throttle body 16 is secured.
Turning now to FIGS. 7 and 8, another embodiment of the teachings will be presented. FIG. 7 is similar to that depicted in FIG. 4 regarding the body section 34 and other aspects of clean air duct 22; however, the juncture area of body section 34 and bellow cuff 120, and bellow cuff 120 itself, are different than that of FIG. 5. Continuing, bellow cuff 120 is part of a flat or smooth surface interface between throttle body inboard surface 122, bellow cuff inboard surface 124 and body section inboard surface 126. The inboard surfaces 122, 124, 126 are referred to as such because they all face an interior portion of throttle body 16. In other words, inboard surfaces 122, 124, 126 face airflow 112 that exits body section 34 flows past bellow cuff 120 and enters throttle body 16. The continuous smooth surface created by surfaces 122, 124, 126 permit airflow 112 to be laminar as opposed to turbulent. Laminar airflow permits higher air velocities and smoother transition into engine 13 than turbulent airflows. Additionally, laminar airflows tend to be quieter and reduce noise when passing through ducting and air passages, such as that formed by body section 34, bellow cuff 120 and throttle body 16.
Continuing with FIG. 8, bellow cuff 120 may be joined to outlet portion 128 of body section 34. More specifically, outlet portion 128 may be L-shaped with flange 130 to which bellow cuff 120 may be molded. Molded portion 132 of bellow cuff 120 to flange 130 may be u-shaped about flange 130. The molding of bellow cuff 120 to flange 130 may be accomplished using an overmold process in which bellow cuff 120 is rubber and overmolded to flange 130. The structural overmold joint created by flange 130 and an end of bellow cuff 120 is advantageous because no additional fasteners are needed, such as a hose clamp type device.
Immediately adjacent to flange 130 of bellow cuff 120, bellow cuff 120 has a single bellow portion 134 formed into it. More specifically, bellow portion 134 is in the form as a C-shape with a first wall 136 immediately adjacent to flange 130 and second wall 138 that is opposite to, or opposes first wall 136 such that an air gap lies between first wall 136 and second wall 138. When the bellow portion 134 collapses such that first wall 136 and second wall 138 approach each other, outboard wall portion 140 of bellow portion 134 is placed into compression while inboard wall portion 142 is placed into tension, and stretches the material from which bellow cuff 120 is manufactured, which may be a rubber material. As a further example, when a force, such as a force in the direction of arrow 139, is subjected to throttle body 16, bellow portion 134 will collapse as described above, and additionally a gap 146, which is defined between body section end 144 of body section 34 and bellow cuff 120, closes at least partially. When a force, such as a force in the direction of arrow 141, is subjected to throttle body 16, bellow portion 134 will expand. Closing of gap 146 and collapsing or compressing of bellow 134 reduces shock and impact to body section 34 from throttle body 16, such as during engine roll, as may be experienced during engine starting and periods of engine operation, such as acceleration. When the force is removed or subsides, the gap 146 returns to its size or dimension before application of the force.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 8, bellow cuff 120 has a clamp groove 148 to receive clamp 150. Clamp 150 may be a band clamp and reside between first clamp guide 152 and second clamp guide 154. Together, clamp guides 152, 154 prevent movement of clamp 150 from clamp groove 148. Band clamp 150 may reside and contact the outside diameter on the outboard portion of bellow cuff 120 adjacent to and beside throttle body inlet protuberance 156 of throttle body inlet 158 to prevent movement of throttle body 16 when clamp 150 is tightened.
Stated in slightly different terms and with primary reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the present disclosure provides for an engine air induction duct connection assembly that employs a duct outlet portion 128, a bellow cuff 120, and a molded joint connecting the duct outlet portion 128 and the bellow cuff 120. The duct outlet portion 128 may further employ a protruding flange portion 130 such that the protruding flange portion 130 protrudes at ninety degrees to the duct outlet portion 128. The molded joint may exists upon three flat surfaces of the protruding flange portion 130, as depicted in the cross-section of FIG. 8. The protruding flange portion 130 protrudes toward an outboard area, away from duct airflow. The bellow cuff 120 may further employ a bellow portion 134 that is collapsible upon itself, such as when a force is applied to the throttle body 16, such as during engine starting or revving. The bellow cuff 120 may further define a recess 160 in an inboard wall of the bellow cuff 120 within which a protuberance 156 on the throttle body inlet portion 158 resides. The duct outlet portion 128 may define a duct outlet inboard surface 162, that together with the bellow cuff 120 inboard surface 124 and throttle body inboard surface 122 forms a smooth continuous interior wall surface for engine intake air. That is, the overall surface that is defined by surfaces, 162, 124, 122 is on an even plain and not subject to planar variations that might generate noise or hinder airflow through the connection assembly and over such surfaces.
Still yet, an engine air induction duct connection assembly may employ an expansion duct 30 that defines a protruding outlet portion 128 with a protruding flange 130. The protruding outlet portion 128 may protrude at ninety degrees to the expansion duct 30 while the protruding flange 130 may protrude at ninety degrees to the outlet portion 128. The rubber bellow cuff 120 may defining a C-shaped rim 164, as depicted in cross-section in FIG. 8, that forms around the protruding flange 130. The bellow cuff 120 may further define a collapsible or flexible bellow such that a first bellow outboard surface 136 and a second bellow outboard surface 138 define a gap therebetween that may open and close. A clamp groove 148 may be located in an outboard surface of the bellow cuff 120 beside the bellow 134. The bellow cuff 120 may further define an inboard surface with a recession 160. A throttle body inlet protuberance 156 may be located at an end of the throttle body inlet 16 while a clamp 150 may reside within the clamp groove 148 and provide a clamping force 164 beside the throttle body inlet protuberance 156.
The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. An engine air induction duct connection assembly configured to be connected to a throttle body inlet, comprising:
an expansion duct defining a protruding outlet portion and a protruding flange provided on an outboard surface of the protruding outlet portion; and
a rubber bellow cuff defining a C-shaped rim, a single C-shaped bellow, and a clamp groove portion located beside the C-shaped bellow,

wherein
the C-shaped rim is over molded to the protruding flange,
one end of the C-shaped bellow is connected to the C-shaped rim,
the other end portion of the C-shaped bellow is connected to the clamp groove portion,
the clamp groove portion is configured to receive an end potion of the throttle body inlet,
the C-shaped bellow defines a hollowed outboard surface,
a diameter of an inner surface of the clamp groove portion is larger than a diameter of an inboard surface of the C-shaped bellow,
the hollowed outboard surface is configured to be located between the protruding flange and the end portion of the throttle body inlet, and
the C-shaped bellow prevents the protruding outlet portion from being coaxially overlapped with the end portion of the throttle body inlet.

2. The connection assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the protruding outlet portion protrudes at ninety degrees to the expansion duct and the protruding flange protrudes at ninety degrees to the outlet portion.

3. The connection assembly of claim 2, wherein the hollowed outboard surface provides a first bellow outboard surface and a second bellow outboard surface defining a gap therebetween.

4. The connection assembly of claim 3, wherein the bellow cuff defines an inboard surface with a recession configured to receive a throttle body inlet protuberance located at an outboard surface of the throttle body inlet; and the connection assembly further comprising:
a clamp that resides within the clamp groove, wherein a clamping force of the clamp acts beside the throttle body inlet protuberance.

5. The connection assembly of claim 1, wherein the C-shaped bellow defines a gap between a radial inner end of the protruding flange.