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				<p style="line-height:normal; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ECRETARY OF LABOR</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t,</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> v. </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">PACIFIC TECH CONSTRUCTION, INC.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent.</span></p>
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					<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">DOCKET NO.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18-0149</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:-48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Norman E. Garcia, Esq.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">San Francisco, California</span></p>
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						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-right:-48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Aaron K. Owada, Esq., AMS Law, PC, Lacey, Washington</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
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				<p style="margin-right:-48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For Respondent</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Before: Administrative Law Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Brian A. Duncan</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Procedural History</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">September<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Compliance Safety and Health Officer Michael Potter in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">spected<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite at the Portland Air National Guard Base located in Portland, Oregon.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">During the course of his inspection, CSHO Potter observed Respondent’s employees using an unguarded table saw outside<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>being renovated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s well as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>multiple uncovered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">live, electrical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">outlets and switches</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>within the same building.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Stip. Nos.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2A, 2B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69, 107</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-9, C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Based on these observations and subsequent interviews, CSHO Potter determined Respondent committed two violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and recommended the issuance of a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CSHO Potter’s recommendations, Complainant issued a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, alleging Respondent committed a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.304(i)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a repeat violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.416(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[or alternatively, 1926.405(j)(1)(i)]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with total</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>proposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">penalties</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of $27,705. Respondent timely contested the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, which brought the matter before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">pursuant to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Section 10(c) of the Act.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A trial was conducted on November 6–7, 2018, in Portland, Oregon.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Five</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>witnesses testified at trial: (1) CSHO Michael Potter; (2) Area Director Cecil Tipton; (3)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Lee Sykes, senior project manager/corporate safety manager for Respondent; (4) Jason Reetz, project manager for Respondent; and (5) Bruce Brock, superintendent for Respondent. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">oth parties timely submitted post-trial briefs for the Court’s consideration.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Jurisdiction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>& Stipulations</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">stipulated the Commission has j</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">urisdiction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">over this proceeding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that, at all times relevant to this proceeding,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent was an employer engaged in a business and industry affecting interstate commerce within the meaning of Sections 3(3) and 3(5) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 652(5).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Stip. Nos. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Slingluff v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 425 F.3d 861 (10th Cir. 2005).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The parties also stipulated to other factual matters, which were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">submitted to the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on the record at the beginning of the trial. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">40;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. C-1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Factual<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Background</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a general contractor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was hired by the Portland Air<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">National</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Guard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to remodel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">its Medical Clinic, located at 6801 NE Cornfoot Road in Portland, Oregon.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Stip. No. 1F). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The remodel required</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>remove and replace all the exterior walls of the Medical Clinic</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">including the siding, roofing, and windows,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Jason Reetz</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>referred to as the “envelope” of the building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Stip. No. 1G</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 334</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">remodel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">some of the offices affected by the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">exterior<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">renovations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">specifically,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>those that had at least one wall along the building’s perimeter. (Tr. 433). The interior portion of the remodel included mold remediation, replacement of sheetrock, repainting, and floor replacement. (Tr. 334). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conducted his<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">inspection while these activities were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>occurr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ing. (Stip. No. 1H). </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter arrived at the worksite<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on September 15, 2017 at approximately</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>8:30 a.m.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 67). According to security protocol, CSHO Potter met with the base safety and health officer, Master Sergeant Peterson, who<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">escorted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>him to the Medical Clinic. (Tr. 67). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Upon arriving at the entrance to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Clinic, CSHO Potter observed three workers using a table saw to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">cut</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pieces of plywood. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69, 80</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Closer inspection revealed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the saw blade did not have a guard. (Stip. No. 2B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">According to CSHO Potter, he went inside the clinic to find a representative for Respondent. (Tr. 68–69). Once inside, he found Bruce Brock, who identified himself as the superintendent for the project. (Tr. 69). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Before starting the opening conference,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">asked Brock to walk back outside where the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees were using the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded table saw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 69). T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hree of Respondent’s employees—Rodney Swenson, Steve Taylor, and Mark Rubon—were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">still<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">cutting 8-foot strips of plywood with the saw. (Stip. No. 2D, 70). CSHO Potter took photographs of the scene, after which Brock directed the employees to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">immediately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">stop using the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">saw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">70</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">packed up the saw and moved on to other duties. (Tr. 105–106).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>After</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wards</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, CSHO Potter conducted an opening conference with Brock and other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">subcontractor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">representatives working on the project. (Tr. 106). </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fter the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">opening conference, CSHO Potter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">continued with the inspection. (Tr. 106). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As he traveled through the rooms impacted by the exterior renovations, CSHO Potter noticed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">multiple<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">uncovered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">electrical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">outlets and switches in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at least four different</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>rooms. (Tr. 107</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 110–111</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Using a GFCI circuit tester, CSHO Potter tested<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the wiring in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">each of the uncovered outlets and switches. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">108</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Every one of the uncovered outlets and switches</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he tested</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">live<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">energized at 110 volts.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 107–110). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">According to Brock, the outlets<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">needed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">remain energized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">during Respondent’s work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">because the breaker panels had improper labeling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and because the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">medical<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">clinic employees needed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">power<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">continue working in other areas of the building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 127). This was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">confirmed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by Pavel Zabarenko, who was the electrician for the project. (Tr. 127; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-32</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Two of the light switches had been pulled out of the wall and had exposed wires<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hanging out<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>energized components; one of the outlets had an extension cord plugged into it; and the remaining outlets had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">painters<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">tape<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">placed over the face of the receptacle</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">n some instances</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent’s employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>wrapped<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the tape<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">around the side</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the outlets</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">very<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">close to where the uninsulated wires attached to the terminal screws of the outlet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">109, 116–117</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-10). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As illustrated by the photographs submitted into evidence, the gaps between the drywall and the energized, unprotected elements of the outlets varied in size, but none of those elements was very far from the surface. (Ex. C-10 at 5). CSHO Potter learned Respondent’s employees removed the outlet covers and switches and covered them with tape so that they would not be ruined while they painted the room. (Tr. 118–119; Ex. C-10). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In addition to observing Respondent’s employees and subcontractor employees working in some of the rooms identified in Exhibit C-6—as well as the fact that tape was placed over the top of the outlets—CSHO Potter also saw<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fresh<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">paint splatter on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>some of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">tape</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Discussion</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of an OSHA standard, Complainant must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that: (1) the cited standard applied to the facts; (2) the employer failed to comply with the terms of the cited standard; (3) employees were exposed or had access to the hazard covered by the standard, and (4) the employer had actual or constructive knowledge of the violative condition (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">i.e.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the employer knew, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence could have known). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atlantic Battery Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC 2131 (No. 90-1747, 1994). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation 1, Item 1</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant alleged a serious violation of the Act in Citation 1, Item 1 as follows:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1926.304(i)(1): Each circular hand-fed rip saw was not guarded by a hood that completely enclosed that portion of the saw above the table and that portion of the saw above the material being cut:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:24px; text-indent:.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:0cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">(a)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">Portland Air National Guard Base – Medical Clinic building 135 – On or about September 15th, 2017 and at times prior thereto employees were ripping lumber on the BOSCH 4100 table saw without an adequate guard or hood.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 6.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard provides, in relevant part:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Each circular hand-fed ripsaw shall be guarded by a hood which shall completely enclose that portion of the saw above the table and that portion of the saw above the material being cut.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.304(i)(1).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Standard Applies and Was Violated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The parties stipulated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that, on the date of the inspection, Respondent’s employees were using a Bosch 4100 table saw that did not have a guard for its blade. (Stip. Nos. 2A, 2B). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s employees were using the circular table saw to rip pieces of plywood into furring strips, which were used as shims for the fascia of the Medical Clinic renovations. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">452–53</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). The blade was not guarded at any point above the table or above the material that was being cut. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Based on these stipulations and facts, the Court finds the standard applies and was violated.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent’s Employees Were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Exposed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Hazard<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">To establish access under Commission precedent, the Secretary must show Respondent’s employees were exposed to the violative condition or that it is “reasonably predictable by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence), that employees have been, are, or will be in the zone of danger.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Fabricated Metal Prods.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1072, 1074 (No. 93-1853, 1997).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent’s employees using the table saw to cut<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">eight-foot-long<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">furring strips. (Tr. 69).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Due to the length of the boards being cut, one employee was required to feed the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wood</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>into the saw blade, while another was positioned on the opposite side of the saw to receive the cut pieces. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">73–75</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). The individual feeding the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">woo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d was using both</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hands: one hand to hold the weight of the wood and the other hand to maintain pressure against the saw’s fence (also known as a guide) to ensure a straight cut through the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wood</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 73–74; Ex. C-9 at 1). CSHO Potter testified he observed the employee feeding the wood into the saw blade come within one foot of the blade as he pushed it through. (Tr. 74). Similarly, the employee receiving the cut<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wood</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the other side of the saw<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">came within a few feet of the blade as he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">grabbed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the cut pieces. (Tr. 75). Given their proximity to the blade, CSHO Potter concluded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">both the feeding and receiving employees were exposed to the hazard imposed by the blade because either employee could slip</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trip</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">or otherwise</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">contact the spinning blade with their hands</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 75). This was particularly acute in the case of the feeding employee, because he had to maintain pressure on the piece of wood as he pushed it towards the saw blade. (Tr. 75). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>makes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">three</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">arguments to suggest its employees were not in,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">or were unlikely to enter, the zone of danger</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. None of the arguments</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>are persuasive.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">First, Respondent argues the photographic evidence illustrates the employees were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">several<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">feet from the saw and that it was not in operation at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the photograph was taken. Simply because CSHO Potter did not capture the exact moment in time that would illustrate the process described above does not mean his description<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of their work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was inaccurate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">saw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employees cut</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ting</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the lumber<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in plain sight at the Medical Clinic entrance when he began the inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, as well as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a few minutes late when</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he brought Brock back outside to observe what was going on. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69–70</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Respondent has not given the Court any reason to doubt CSHO Potter’s description of how close the employees got to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">blade while cutting the furring strips.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Second, Respondent argues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>there was “no evidence as to whether it was reasonably predictable that the wood or employee would slip, let alone contact the saw blade.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Resp’t Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 9. Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also argues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the individuals identified in the photograph were experienced and qualified employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, whom Brock expected would have the know-how to use common tools associated with carpentry work.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Regardless of the employees’ respective levels of experience, the standard for exposure asks whether employees have been, will be, or are in the zone of danger</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">which may result from any slip, trip, or other unintentional movement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Southern Hens</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">930 F.2d 667 (5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2019)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(“OSHA standards serve to protect workers from ‘common human errors such as neglect, distraction, inattention, or inadvertence.’”),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Matsu Ala., Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 25 BNA OSHC 1952 (No. 13-1713, 2015) (ALJ), 2015 WL 6941348, at *21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(internal quotation omitted).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In this case, Respondent’s employees were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>within a foot or two of a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">spinning<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">saw blade that was completely<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">One of those employees was walking directly towards the blade while pushing a piece of lumber through it, while the other had to approach the saw in order to grab the split piece of lumber and pull it through the same blade.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The potential for an accident under such a scenario is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">apparent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and the Court conclud</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">es</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">within the zone of danger.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Third, Respondent argues that the nature of the cuts being made—rough cuts of plywood—did not require precision, and, therefore, it was unnecessary for employees to get<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">very<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">close to the moving blade.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Like</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the previous argument, this disregards<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the actual proximity to the blade observed by the CSHO, as well as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the potential for mistakes or inadvertent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">contac</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g., Bredshall Plastering, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 19 BNA OSHC 1449 (No. 00-1590, 2001) (ALJ) (finding an employee’s hands 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">inches away from blade within zone of danger because it is “reasonably predictable than an employee’s hands could come in contact with the blade as a result of operational necessity, accident, or inadvertence”).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Accordingly, the Court finds Respondent’s employees were exposed to the hazard.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent Had Knowledge of the Violation<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">o prove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">this element</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Complainant must show Respondent knew or, with the exercise of reasonable diligence, could have known of the violation.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dun-Par Engineered Form Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 12 BNA OSHC 1962, 1965 (No. 82-928, 1986). The key is whether Respondent was aware of the conditions constituting a violation, not whether it understood the conditions violated the Act.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phoenix Roofing, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1076, 1079–80 (No. 90-2148, 1995). Complainant can prove knowledge of a corporate employer through the knowledge, actual or constructive, of its supervisory employees.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1281, 1286 (No. 91-862, 1993). If a supervisor is, or should be, aware of the noncomplying conduct of a subordinate, it is reasonable to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">find</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">knowledge.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Co. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 623 F.2d 155, 158 (10th Cir. 1980).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In this case, the question of knowledge is largely contingent upon the Court’s assessment of CSHO Potter’s and Bruce Brock’s credibility.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">There is no doubt the terms of the standard were violated; however, the key<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">issue</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is whether Respondent had reason to know about it. There were no supervisory employees operating the saw at the time of CSHO Potter’s observations, nor is there direct evidence of Brock<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">specifically<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">observing the operation of the saw until after it was brought to his attention. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ccording to Brock, he had never seen the table saw in operation until the morning of September<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">444–45</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Thus, according to Respondent, it had no reason to know the saw was being operated at all, let alone that it was being operated without a guard.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Conversely,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant presented evidence Brock should have been aware the saw was being used without a guard. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter testified he was told by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the employees operating the saw,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>one of which was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mark Rubon, that they had used the table saw every day for the last<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">thirty days</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">–9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Although<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">no one specifically told him</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the saw was unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">during that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">entire<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">period of time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, CSHO Potter concluded th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">e guard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must have been missing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the whole time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because Respondent was never able to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">locate a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">guard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for the saw after CSHO Potter pointed out the safety hazard. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">399–400, 439</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brock’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>office</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>trailer was located approximately 100 yards away from where CSHO Potter found the saw,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with an unobstructed view of the saw location. (Tr. 95–96</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-9 at 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[red circled trailer]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Additionally, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was right outside the main entrance to the Medical Clinic</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which Brock commonly used to enter and exit the building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">95</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-9 at 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In fact, o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">n the day of the inspection,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brock</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>entered the clinic through the main entrance, which meant he would have walked past the saw; though he claims<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was not set</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">up when he entered the clinic that morning</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and that he never heard the saw operating</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 417).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brock</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’s testimony contained inconsistencies. In discussing the unguarded saw blade, he was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unclear about when he first met with CSHO Potter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or when he first saw the unguarded saw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 365</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 398</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">At one point he testified they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">first<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">met around noon,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">later<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">agreed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with Complainant’s counsel that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">actually<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">met</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in the morning<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">around 9:00 a.m. (Tr. 366–67). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">When confronted with a photograph of the table saw, he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>he never observed CSHO Potter taking the photograph only to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">later</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>contradict himself<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">by saying he had</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 368</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">398-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">399</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He then tried to downplay the significance of what he observed by attempting to suggest he did not see his employees “using” or “operating” the saw, even though he admitted he saw them working in and around the saw with cut lumber. (Tr. 399).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The fact that one<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of the photographs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, taken in Brock’s presence,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>show one<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees pulling a piece of lumber away from the saw<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">makes this claim particularly dubious. (Ex. C-9). In addition, although</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Brock testified, consistent with C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">SH</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">O Potter’s testimony, that the opening conference was held outside of the building in the courtyard near where the saw was located</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, his</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>deposition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testimony indicated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the opening conference occurred inside the building. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">415</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In contrast<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to Brock,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CSHO Potter consistently and credibly testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">about the events of September<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, from the time he arrived on site to when he encountered Brock, their subsequent observation of the unguarded saw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>being used</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">progression</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the OSHA inspection.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he Court finds the foregoing facts are sufficient to establish Brock</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was aware of the condition of the saw, or with the exercise of reasonable diligence,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>should have been aware of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See N & N Contractors, Inc. v. OSHRC,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">255 F.3d 122, 127 (4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 2001)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(employer has constructive knowledge of a violation if employer fails to use reasonable diligence to discern the presence of a violative condition)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Accordingly, the Court finds Respondent, through Brock, had constructive knowledge of the violation. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the foregoing, the Court finds Complainant established a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">prima facie<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">violation of the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Violation Was Serious</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A v</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">iolation is “serious” if there wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">have<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the violative condition. 29 U.S.C. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">666(k). Compla</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">inant need not show that there wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s a substantial p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">robability that an accident would</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">actually occur;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he need only show that if an accident o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ccurred, serious physical harm<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">could</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>result. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phelps Dodge Corp. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 725 F.2d 1237, 1240 (9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1984)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">If the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">likely</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">injury addressed by a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">regulation is death or serious physical harm, a violation of the regulation is serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">osser Construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 1044 (No. 08-0631, 2010);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dec-Tam Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 2072</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 88-0523, 1993).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The parties stipulated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“that if an employee were injured by a table saw that it is reasonably likely<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that hospitalization would occur . . . .” (Stip. No. 2O). On cross-examination, Brock admitted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an employee could lose<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fingers or a hand if exposed to an unguarded saw blade</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 393). Accordingly, the Court finds the violation was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">properly characterized as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent Failed to Prove the Affirmative Defense of </span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Unpreventable Employee Misconduct</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In order to prevail on a claim of unpreventable employee misconduct, Respondent must show: (1) it ha</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>established work rules designed to prevent the violation; (2) it adequately communicated those rules to its employees; (3) it ha</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>taken steps to discover violations of the rules; and (4) it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">effectively enforce</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the rules when violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">we</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">re detected.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Am. Eng’g & Dev. Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 2093, 2096–97 (No. 10-0359, 2012).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In other words, it is incumbent upon Respondent to “demonstrate that the actions of the employee were a departure from a uniformly and effectively communicated and enforced workrule [sic].”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Archer-Western Contractors Ltd.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1013 (No. 87-1067, 1991)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Although Respondent had a work rule requiring its “circular saw shall be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">quipped with guards that automatically and completely enclose the cutting edges”, the Court finds it failed to adequately communicate that rule,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">failed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">take steps to discover violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of that rule</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and failed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">effectively enforce the rule (or any other) when violations were detected. (Stip. 2M). </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As to communication of the rule,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Jason Reetz testified each new employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s required to read the safety policy and sign an acknowledgment that they read and understood the policy; however, neither Reetz nor Brock could credibly testify whether Rubon, Swenson, Taylor, or any of the other employees at the Medical Clinic worksite had been trained on that policy. (Tr. 303,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">396</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). Instead, Reetz testified, “It’s an assumption we made that if they’re there, they’d been trained.” (Tr. 303). Respondent did not introduce any independent evidence of such training. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Similarly, Brock testified that when employees came to his worksite, he expected them to know how to use a table saw because they had prior experience and it was a common tool used in his trade. (Tr. 450). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds this the foregoing is insufficient to establish adequate communication of a work rule.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brock testified he conducted daily, albeit undocumented, inspections of the worksite and equipment, insofar as it was going to be used. (Tr. 503). Given the Court’s finding that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">saw had been in operation for a month, however, the Court questions whether such inspections<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">occurred</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, or, at the very least, whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">they</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were effective.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, the Court finds Respondent failed to prove it enforced its policies when it discovered violations of its work rule(s). In fact,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">although Respondent submitted a copy of its disciplinary policy</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent failed to submit any evidence of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">specific<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">discipline for any of its safety rules.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent stipulated, other than the general group meeting, it did not impose discipline on any of the individuals using the saw on the day of the inspection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Stip. No. 2N). According to Respondent’s own disciplinary policy, a general group meeting does not meet the definition or standards of “discipline”, which requires an investigation, a counseling session with the employee(s) involved in the infraction, and documentation of the counseling/discipline. (Ex. R-2 at 2.087). Without evidence of discipline being applied in this or any other case, the Court finds Respondent’s defense of unpreventable employee conduct fails.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the foregoing, Citation 1, Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">will</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>be AFFIRMED as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">, Item 1</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant alleged a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">repeat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation of the Act in Citation 1, Item 1 as follows:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">416(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[or alternatively, 1926 .405(j)(1)(i)]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Employee(s) were permitted to work in proximity to electric power circuits that were not protected against electric shock by de-energizing and grounding the circuits or effectively guarding the circuits by insulation or other means</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:24px; text-indent:.635cm; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:0cm; widows:2; orphans:2; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">Portland Air National Guard Base – Medical Clinic building 135 – On or<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">about</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>September 15th, 2017 and at times prior thereto<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">Pacific Tech Construction allowed employees to work around live and uncovered 110V outlets and switches throughout the building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Pacific Tech Construction was previously cited for a violations of this occupational safety and health standard or its equivalent standard 29 CFR 1926.416(a)(1), which was contained in OSHA inspection number 899984, citation number 1, item number 1 and was affirmed as a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">final order on 5/14/2013, with respect to a workplace located at 6801 NE Cornfoot Rd #255 Portland, OR 97218</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard provides</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, in relevant part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">No employer shall permit an employee to work in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit that the employee could contact the electric power circuit in the course of work, unless the employee is protected against electric shock by deenergizing the circuit and grounding it or by guarding it effectively by insulation or other means.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">19</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">416(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Standard Applies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span>Was Violated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">, and Respondent Knew of the Violation</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The parties stipulated that Complainant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“found uncovered outlets and switches in the Medical Clinic that had live electrical 110-volt current.” (Stip. No. 3T). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent admitted it was “common practice” to have its employees remove cover plates from outlets and switches for painting, to cover the faces of those outlets with tape, and to paint in those areas while the switches and outlets remained energized. (Stip. Nos.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">F,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">G,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">J,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">K,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">L). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In addition to the written stipulations, Respondent’s counsel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">confirmed Respondent was not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>disputing employer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">knowledge as to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the condition described in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2, Item 1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 327–28).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Based on these facts, the Court finds the standard applies, was violated, and Respondent was aware of the violative conditions.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent’s Employees Were Exposed to the Hazard Caused by the Violation</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>To establish access under Commission precedent, the Secretary must show Respondent’s employees were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">exposed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the violative condition or that it is “reasonably predictable by operational necessity or otherwise (including inadvertence), that employees have been, are, or will be in the zone of danger.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Fabricated Metal Prods.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1072, 1074 (No. 93-1853, 1997).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent contends<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employee exposure to the electrical hazard was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">not reasonably predictable and the probability of injury was “highly remote and speculative.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Resp’t Br.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at 15. The Court disagrees.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent stipulated it was “common practice” for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees to not only remove cover plates from 110-volt outlets and switches to prepare for painting, but<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that it was common practice for its employees to place tape over the face of energized 110-volt outlets to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">prevent paint from entering the outlets after the covers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were removed. (Stip. Nos. 3J, 3K).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CSHO Potter found outlets and switches</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without covers and with tape over the face</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at least 5 locations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">131</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). In many cases, the tape over the face of the outlets was wrapped around the side of the outlets, which means the employees placed their fingers near the location where the uninsulated portion of the electrical wires attached to the outlets’ terminal screws. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">117–18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). The Court is further persuaded Respondent’s employees were exposed to an electrical hazard as illustrated by Exhibit No.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, which shows how close to the surface the energized terminal screws were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and by other outlet and switch locations where the gap was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>large enough to permit either tools or fingers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The fact of exposure is particularly acute in the case of the two outlets that had been pulled<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">out, hanging away f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">rom the wall</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-10 at 3–4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">argues that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, other than an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">intentional</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">touching the live wires with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>their fingers o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">r tools</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, painters could<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">not have been</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>exposed to the energized elements of the outlets. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This argument is inconsistent with how the Commission views the requirements of the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, which en</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">compasses unintentional,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">inadvertent contact</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The standard speaks not of an employee working in “proximity” to an electric power circuit, but “in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit that he may contact [it] in the course of his work....” The clear meaning and evident purpose of the standard is therefore that an employee shall not work so close to an energized power circuit that he may inadvertently contact it in the course of his work. Thus, the standard, when read in its entirety, prescribes a specific and ascertainable standard of conduct, for an employer can determine by objective means whether employees are within reach of, and therefore may contact, an energized power circuit while they work.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Cleveland Consolidated, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 13 BNA OSHC 1114</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 1987 WL 89048 at *3 (No. 84-696, 1987).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">First, the act of placing tape on and around the faces of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">uncovered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">outlets was intentional, and, in so doing, employees placed their fingers within an inch or less of uninsulated, energized circuits.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">117–18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Second,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">whether using<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">paint brushes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or rollers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the Court finds it is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">reasonably predictable that an employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">could accidentally contact the unguarded, energized wires</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Finally, in addition to the tape and painting, Respondent was also actively using the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">outlets, as illustrated by the extension cord plugged into<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">one of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">them during the inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Ex. C-10 at 5). In that photograph, not only is the outlet being used, but the voltage detector shows just how shallow the energized parts<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">we</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">re located. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As for the switches</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hanging out of their boxes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, CSHO Potter opined on the possibility of slipping or tripping and falling into the e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nergized, hanging</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>wires</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). While this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s certainly possible,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">there were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">much simpler scenarios in which Respondent’s employees working in and around the Medical Clinic could have contacted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the exposed switch wires—</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for example,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unknowingly reaching for the light switch as a person entered the room</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent also seems to suggest there was no evidence the outlets or switches were energized at the point in time whe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the tape was applied or when employees were working in the area</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. This suggestion is counter to the evidence: Pavel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Zabarenko</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, an electrician for one of Respondent’s subcontractors, testified at deposition</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, “Pretty much every other time when they painting, some repainting and retouch—retouching, I would see covers off. Somebody took it off.” (Ex. C-32 at 13). He further testified electrical current was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">always<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">running to those outlets. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 13, 15).<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent also attempts to downplay the hazard posed by the exposed energized circuits by suggesting any resulting injury would be minimal. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s position runs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>counter to the testimony of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">its own superintendent,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brock, who admitted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">death was a possible result of touching 110-volt wires. (Tr. 393). Commission case law</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also establishes that exposure to 110-volt power can be lethal</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Orion Electric, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1851 (No. 99-212, 1999)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(ALJ)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(electrician killed while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">installing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>dimmer switch to an energized 110-volt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">circuit).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, Respondent’ argument<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as to minimal potential injury<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">is rejected.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he Court finds Respondent’s employees were exposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to the violative condition. Accordingly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant established a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">prima facie</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation of Citation 2, Item 1.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">The Violation Was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Properly Characterized as Repeat</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent presented some evidence as to the question of whether Citation 2, Item 1 was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">repeat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation, but</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">failed to further pur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">sue that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">argument in its post-trial brief. Nevertheless, the Court will address the evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on that issue.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">According to the Act, a violation is repeated if “at the time of the alleged repeated violation, there was a Commission final order against the same employer for a substantially similar violation.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Potlatch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 7 BNA OSHC 1061 (No. 16183, 1979).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">For violations issued under section 5(a)(2) of the Act, “[T]he Secretary may establish a prima facie case of substantial similarity by showing that the prior and present violations are for failure to comply with the same standard.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Where</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the prior and present violations are based on an employer’s failure to comply with the same specific standard, it will be difficult</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to rebut the claim of substantial similarity</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">because in many instances the two violations must be substantially similar in nature in order to be violations of the same standard.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Although the ‘principle [sic] factor’ in assessing repeat liability<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">is whether the two violations resulted in substantially similar hazards</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, this assessment may also take into consideration other factors that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">bear on the similarity of the two violations.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Angelica Textile</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Svcs., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 2018 OSHD (CCH) ¶ 33675, 2018 WL 3655794 at *11 (quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Lake Erie Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1285, 1289 (No. 02-0520, 2005) (internal citation omitted))</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">previously<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">cited for a violation of the same standard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.416(a)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, which became a final order of the Commission in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2013</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>by virtue of a settlement agreement. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C-21, C-22</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he prior citation, which forms the basis of the repeat, was issued for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two separate<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conditions</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">: (1) an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">energized,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">electrical junction box did not have a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cover installed; and (2) an HVAC unit only had cardboard covering the opening of an energized 200 Amp 240 VAC unit. (Ex. C-21).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> According to Reetz, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>first instance referred to an uncovered junction box</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the ceiling of the space they were working in, and the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>second instance</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>actually</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>referred to an electrical panel with breakers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, because “there aren’t any HVAC equipment that have a 200 Amp circuit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">341–</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">343).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In both instances,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">however,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent left electrical circuits uncovered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and/or improperly protected</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in an area where its employees were working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, exposing its employees to electric shock and burn hazards.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Because both the present and 2013 violations were issued under the same standard, Complainant established a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">prima facie</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>case of substantial similarity. In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">response</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent presented evidence to suggest the violations are not substantially similar because the equipment was different in size, location, and voltage.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 341–43)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Potlatch</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">e Commission declined to distinguish between “various subcategories of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">equipment on the basis of its function</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and location</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”, so long as the hazard presented was the same.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(“T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hat the equipment which was the subject of the present citation is of a different type that that previously cited<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">is of little moment.”).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>In that case, as in this one, the Commission was convinced by the fact that the subject of both citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was electrical equipment and presented the same hazard to employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">—exposure to an unguarded, energized circuit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. In this case, while the voltage was higher in the 2013 citation than in the citation currently at issue, the Court finds this does not detract from the substantially similar hazards presented by uncovered electrical circuits. In either case, employees were exposed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">shock, burns, and even electrocution had they contacted the uncovered electrical circuits. Thus, the Court finds Citation 2, Item 1 was properly characterized as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a repeat violation of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Accordingly, Citation 2, Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">will be affirmed.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Penalty</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">In calculating appropriate penalties for affirmed violations, Section 17(j) of the Act requires the Commission give due consideration to four criteria: (1) the size of the employer’s business, (2) the gravity of the violation, (3) the good faith of the employer, and (4) the employer’s prior history of violations. Gravity is the primary consideration and is determined by the number of employees exposed, the duration of the exposure, the precautions taken against injury, and the likelihood of an actual injury.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Construction Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 2201 (No. 87-2059, 1993). It is well established that the Commission and its judges conduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty determinations and have full discretion to assess penalties based on the facts of each case and the applicable statutory criteria. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 17 BNA OSHC 1135 (No. 93-0239, 1995);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allied Structural Steel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 2 BNA OSHC 1457 (No. 1681, 1975).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">record</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent is a medium-sized employer, with approximately 100 to 200 employees. (Tr. 348). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant applied a 10%<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">pen</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">alt</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">y<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">reduction to each of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">itation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">tems. (Tr. 102). As for Citation 1, Item 1, the table saw violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant proposed a penalty of $11,408. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant determined the violation was high gravity due to the possibility for amputation and hospitalization resulting from exposure to an unguarded saw blade. (Tr. 101). Multiple employees worked<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">near</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the unguarded blade on a daily basis for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">approximately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">one month, which Complainant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">argues</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>increased the likelihood an accident would occur. (Tr. 101). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">However, while evidence clearly established use of the unguarded saw on the day of the accide</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nt, it was less clear as to the location, or frequency of use during previous days at the job. Considering the totality of the circumstances, the Court finds that a penalty of $7,000 is appropriate for Citation 1, Item 1.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>proposed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a penalty of $16,297</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for Citation 2, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Complainant determined that the severity of the potential injuries was low because contact with 110 volts would be more likely to cause minor burns and shock</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>than death</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, but determined probability of an accident was high based on the number of uncovered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, energized</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>outlets and switches found throughout the building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the number of employees on site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 140). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court considers the likelihood of contact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with most of the energized outlets to be low,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">except for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the switch and wiring pulled out from the box. Considering the totality of the circumstances,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">including the repeat nature of the violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the Court finds that a penalty of $1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,500 is appropriate for Citation 2, Item 1.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Order</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ons of Law, it is ORDERED</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">ion 1, Item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>as<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>violation of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">7,000</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">is ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">; and</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 2, Item 1 is AFFIRMED as<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">repeat</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>violation of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">,500</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is ASSESSED.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:24pt; font-family:Brush Script MT; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Brush Script MT; font-size:24pt; ">/s/ Brian A. Duncan</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">September 3, 2019</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Judge Brian A. Duncan</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Denver, Colorado</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission</span></p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">1 </span></a>. Respondent was also hired to perform renovations on two other buildings on the Air National Guard’s campus; however, none of the citation items at issue involves<span><span></span>
					</span>activity<span><span></span>
					</span>in those buildings.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a>. CSHO Potter was later joined by CSHO Brian Peters, an industrial hygienist, who came to observe the mold remediation efforts. (Tr. 67). CSHO Peters did not testify at trial.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">3 </span></a>. CSHO Potter found a data port that did not register as energized because it carries low voltage; the GFCI reader only recognizes “live” wires when they are over 50 volts. (Tr. 124).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a>. Although the numbering of the standard is different, the language is still the same.<span>
					</span>The requirements of former 29 C.F.R. § 1926.400(a)(1) were transferred to the now-current § 1926.416(a)(1). <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See Electrical Standards for Construction</span>, 51 Fed. Reg. 25294 (July 11, 1986).<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span></a>. In the<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Complaint</span>, Complainant also pled 29 C.F.R. §<span>
					</span>1926.405(j)(1)(i)<span><span></span>
					</span>as an alternative basis for the violation. Because the Court finds Respondent violated<span><span></span>
					</span>§<span><span></span>
					</span>1926.416(a)(1), it need not address the alternative<span>
					</span>standard.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
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