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<TITLE> Sanderson Farms, Inc., Docket No. 15-1928</TITLE>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">1924 Building – Room 2R90, 100 Alabama Street SW</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3104</span></p>
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				<p> </p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Secretary o</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">f Labor</span><span style="text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Complainant,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> </span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">                        v.</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
								</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">OSHRC Docket<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">No.<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">15-1928</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson Farms, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">           Respondent.</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> </span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Jean C. Abreu</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, Esquire, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor, Dallas, T</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">as</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p> </p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Darren Harrington, Esq</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">uire,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Key Harrington Barnes, PC</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Dallas, T</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">as</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For Respondent</span></p>
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				<p> </p>
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				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Before:</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge Sharon D. Calhoun</span></p>
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				<p> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson Farms, Inc. (Sanderson) operates a poultry processing plant located at 1111 North Fir, Collins, Mississippi. Following a reported injury, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) commenced an inspection of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">worksite on July 1, 2015, with an additiona</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">l site visit on July 29, 2015. </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">As a result of the inspection, a Citation and Notification of Penalty (Citation) was issued to Sanderson on October 5, 2015. As amended, the Citation alleged a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) and proposed a $7,000</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.00</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty. </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For the following reasons, the Citation is vacated and no penalty is assessed.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">JURISDICTION</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The parties stipulated the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (Commission) has jurisdiction over this matter and<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is an employer engaged in a business affecting interstate commerce within the meaning of Section 3(5) of the Occupational Sa</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">fety and Health Act (the Act) (Stip. 1-2</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">’s principle place of business is in Laurel, Mississippi</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Stip. 3)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> In its Answer,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>admits the Commission has jurisdiction over this<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">proceeding and acknowledges: “it is an employer engaged in a business affecting commerce as these<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">terms are defined in the Act</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">”</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Answer at 1)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Based upon the parties’ stipulations and the record</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, Sanderson is a covered business and the Commission has jurisdiction under the Act.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">On October 5, 2015, the Secretary issued one serious Citation for a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(3) with a $7,000</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.00</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty. OSHA received<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">’s Notice of Contest on November 2, 2015.</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The Secretary filed a timely Complaint and a Motion to Amend the Citation to allege a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1), a different subpart of the same machine guarding standard initially cited. </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>first filed a timely Answer and then filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. The court issued an Order Denying Respondent’s Motion for Summary Judgment and Granting the Secretary’s Motion to Amend the Citation on June 8, 2016. A hearing was held from July 18, 2016 to July 19, 2016</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">in Jackson, Mississippi. Both parties filed post-hearing briefs.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">FACTUAL BACKGROUND</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson operates a poultry processing plant where employees debone chickens on approximately eigh</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">t “cone lines”<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Stip. 5; Tr. 154, 16</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">2-63). </span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Each cone line has a continuously moving conveyor with several “cones” approximately twelve inches apart (Tr. 39, 56;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-2f</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, R-9</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Employees stand on one side of the cone line making cuts on chicken carcasses as they co</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">me down the line<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-9; Tr. 56, 162, 261-62, 288</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Opposite from where the employees stand, there is a splashguard running the length of the cone line (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-2e, R-9; Tr. 55,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">71, 232, 252, 255-56, 279</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The splashguard had been installed to prevent chi</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">cken from falling on the floor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 72-73, 232, 251, 279</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Prior to OSHA’s first site visit, there was a gap of between one-quarter and three-quarters of an inch between the bottom of the splashguar</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">d and the conveyor belt<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 47, 52-53, 252;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-2c, C-2d</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Around 9:00 a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">m</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on June 29, 2015, most of the employees on one of the cone lines<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">took a ten minute break<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 163, 165)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> One employee declined to take her break and instead worked to catch up on chicken carcasses she did not have time to complete wh</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">en the line was running<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 163-65, 228; Stip. 6-7)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> After completing the catch-up work, the employee saw a piece of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">chicken stuck between the splashguard and the conveyor belt and attempted to remove it with her fingers</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 155, 165, 167;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exhs</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-1, C-2a)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> As the conveyor belt moved along, one of her fingers became</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>trapped<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 39,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">155, 167</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">; Exhs. C-1, C-2a</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> She screamed and another employee pushed an emergency button to</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>stop the conveyor belt<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 167, 226)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> At that point, the trapped employee pul</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">led back her hand and realized<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">her left ind</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finger had been amputated</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 167</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">; Stip. 8</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> She promptly sought medical care with the aid of her co-work</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ers</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 167; Stip. 8;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-1)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">A few hours after this incident, Sanderson’s Corporate Safety and Health Coordinator, Richard Ward, report</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ed the accident to OSHA</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 29;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-1</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Two days later, on July 1, 2015, Albert Smith, an OSHA compliance officer CSHO, inspected the worksite</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">31</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> During the course of OSHA’s inspection, on July 25 and 26, 2016, Sanderson lowered the splashguard to eliminate the gap between the splashguard<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">and the conveyor belt<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 53-54, 235)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> On July 29, 2016,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CSHO again visited the worksite and viewed the cone line as modified (Tr. 31, 53;<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. C-2e)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">DISCUSSION</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:1.5; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; font-weight:normal; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicable Law</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For the Secretary to establish a violation of any OSHA standard, he must prove that: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) its terms were violated; (3) employees were<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">posed to the violative condition; and (4) the employer knew or could have known with the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ercise of reasonable diligence of the violative condition.  </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See Astra Pharm. Prods., Inc</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981), </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in pertinent part</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982). The Secretary has the burden of proving each of these elements by a preponderance of the evidence. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-weight:bold; font-weight:normal; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicability</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The cited standard requires the employer to provide one or more methods of machine guarding: “to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1). The guarding requirements apply to the moving parts of all types of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">industrial machinery and regardless of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">whether the hazards are created during production or non-production operations</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Ladish Co.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC 1235, 1237 (No. 78-1384, 1981);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC 1687, 1690 (No. 77-4476, 1982). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§ 1910.212(a) requires employers to guard against “hazards,” without providing specific ways to do so, the Secretary must prove operating the machinery presented a hazard. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Landish</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC at 1237;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Buffets, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1065, 1066 (No. 03-2097, 2005) (Secretary must establish the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">rotating parts presented a hazard). The fact it is possible for an employee to come into contact with a machine’s moving parts is insufficient to establish a violation. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. The Secretary must show employees are<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">exposed</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to a hazard because of the way the machine functions and how it is operated.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See also</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Jefferson Smurfit Corp</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 1419, 1421 (No. 89-0553, 1991) (possibility of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">posure to an unguarded nip point insufficient to sustain a violation).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Citation, as amended, alleges<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">because: “[o]ne or more methods of machine guarding was not provided to protect employees on the cone line from hazards created by the opening between the splash guard and the cone line.” The Secretary contends in the Citation, this failure to guard resulted in an employee being “</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Ex</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">posed to an amputation hazard when performing tasks including, but not limited to, cleaning</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>debris jammed between the splashguard and the cone line” on or about July 1, 2015.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>implores the court to read the cited standard as not requiring guarding of the gap between the splashguard and the rest of the cone line</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 8)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Citing two machine specific guarding standards and a 2007 OSHA publication titled Safeguarding Equipment and Protecting Employees from Amputations (Safeguarding Publication),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">argues OSHA has concluded gaps of the size present on the cone line are safe</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 8-9;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-8</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> It asserts the Secretary failed to establish it had noticed the small gap was a hazard and therefore the Citation must be vacated.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at 9. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">As noted above, the cited standard requires employers to protect employees from hazards in machine areas “such as those created by points of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>parts, flying chips and sparks.” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The CSHO testified there were no hazards related to flying chips or sparks. He did not indicate whether a<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">point of operation, ingoing nip point, or rotating part created any hazards</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">6</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 103</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Although the video of the cone line appears to show rotating parts, the citation does not refer to these and the CSHO did not testify they should have been guard</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See MB Consultants, Ltd</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">d/b/a Murray Chicken</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1146, 1161 n. 11<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(No. 12-1165, 2014) (C</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">onsol.) (ALJ) (declining to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">sua sponte<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">amend citation to add struck by and entanglement hazards on a poultry cone line). In fact, the CSHO offered no<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">e</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">x</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">planation for what needed to be guarded on the cone line and did not understand why the Secretary amended the citation to allege a violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">of § 1910.212(a)(1)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 101-3)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">While the sources of possible hazards set forth in the cited standard is not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">haustive, the Secretary nonetheless must present evidence supporting his view of what the hazard was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>needed to guard. Here, t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">he Secretary merely alleges employees working on the cone line were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">posed to a caught by hazard, without identifying if that hazard related to the conveyor, the splashguar</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">d, the gap, or something else<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Secretary’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 7.) When asked at the hearing what hazards he considered employees working on the cone line to be<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">posed to, the CSH</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">O’s response was unclear (Tr. 73</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The transcript reads “[t]o a (unintelligible) hazard.” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Neither party sought to correct the transcript nor did the Secretary present other evidence clarifying the testimony. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The occurrence of the accident alone is insufficient to establish there was a hazard to which the cited standard applied.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Ormet Corp.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 9 BNA OSHC 1055</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">1058<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(No. 76-530, 1980) (vacating a citation of § 1910.212(a)(1) due to lack of evidence that a hand or arm could be pulled or caught in an unguarded area)</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Secretary also failed to establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had sufficient notice of the standard’s applicability to the gap between the splashguard and the conveyor. With generally worded standards, the Fifth Circuit has made clear: “[d]ue<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">process requires employers be given reasonably clear advance notice of what is required of them.” </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp. v. Donovan,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">659 F.2d 1285, 1288 (5th Cir 1981). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Such<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">notice may be provided by: (1) industry custom and practice; (2) the injury rate for the type of work; (3) interpretations of the regulation by the Commission; or (4) the obviousness of the hazard</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">7</a></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco, Inc. v. Dole,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">926 F.2d 422, 427 (5th Cir. 1991)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The record contains no evidence about industry custom or practice. Nor did the Secretary present any evidence of past injuries or accidents<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">would have put the employer on notice the cone line required additional guarding. Indeed,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>represents there were no injuries or other issues with the gap, such as gloves or fingers becoming stuck, prior to the accident<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">which<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">led to the CSHO’s inspection</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 224, 278-79)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">As for Commission precedent, t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">he Commission<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">found<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1910.212(a)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>applicable to conveyors and a judge applied it to a cone line at a poultry plant. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See U</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">.S. Steel Corp.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 5 BNA OSHC 2063, 2064 (No. 15500, 1977) (finding § 1910.212(a) applicable to a conveyor);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Landish,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>10 BNA OSHC at 1237 (same);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Ormet</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 9 BNA OSHC at 1058 (finding the standard applicable to a conveyor but finding no violation);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Murray Chicken</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC at 1161 (ALJ) (finding the standard applicable to chicken leg splitter and a cone line at a poultry plant)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. However, none of these cases relate to a gap that was not a point of operation, ingoing nip point, or rotating part. </span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. (Tr. 103.) Further, in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">instant</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>matter, the Secretary is not arguing the conveyor required a guard. He argues the gap needed to be guarded without presenting evidence as to what</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>type of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">hazard the gap created (Tr. 73</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Thus, the Court finds Commission precedent did not provide sufficient notice of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)’s applicability to the condition the Citation references.</span><span style="color:#000000; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">8</a></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">In terms of the obviousness of the hazard,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues machine specific guard standards and the Safeguarding Publication indicate it did not need to guard the one-quarter inch gap</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 8-9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The cited standard is contained within Subpart O-Machinery and Machine Guarding. Some of the standards within this subpart relate to specific types of machines, while others, including the cited standard, more generally address “machine areas.” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Compare<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212 (general requirements for all machines)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.213 (woodworking machinery requirements). Neither the Secretary nor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleges any of the standards in Subpart O relating to specific<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">types of machinery apply</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>here</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 8-9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Instead,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>argues a standard related to a certain type of guard on an abrasive wheel and one concerning power presses establishes a one-quarter inch opening<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">is safe</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">9</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson’s Brief</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 8<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">discussing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. §§</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1910.215(b)(9), 1910.217(f)(4)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">There is no dispute the cone line was not an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">abrasive wheel or a power press<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 92, 94-95)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> What may be a permissible type of guarding for one type of machine or one aspect of its use is not acceptable for all machines or for all uses as the hazards likely differ. OSHA has adopted different standards for different types of machinery and imposes different requirements depending on how a machine is being used and what other precautions are taken. For<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ample, in the abrasive wheel guarding standard, a one-quarter inch gap is permissible at the point of operation only when necessary and only if several safety other measures are in place,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">including<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">other guards.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.217(c)(1). In the same way</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, the power press standard permits openings of a one-quarter inch in size only under certain narrow circumstances</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§ 1910.217(c)(3)(iii)(f) (“Guards shall be used to protect all areas of entry to the point of operation not protected by a presence sensing device”). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also cites the Safeguarding Publication, which states for die presses, the employer must ensure the use of point of operation guards for openings of one-quarter inch or greater</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-8 at 22). In another section of the document concerning power press brakes, the document indicates a one-quarter inch opening can be permissible if the employer also implements other safeguards.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at 28. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Although not cited by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, the Safeguarding Publication makes clear OSHA’s position that: “[a]ny machine part, function, or process may cause injury must be safeguarded”</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">10</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-8 at 9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">the Safeguarding Publication</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>specifies<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">what constitutes appropriate guarding depends on the machine’s design (including what types of safeguards are in place) and how it is used,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">it does not establish<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">OSHA has concluded gaps of one-quarter inch are permissible</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">11</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">9, 22, 28</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 94-95)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">However, while neither the machine specific standards nor the Safeguarding Publication, establish one-quarter inch openings are universally permissible, these things lend credibility to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">’s claim</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>under Fifth Circuit precedent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">it did not have notice the one-quarter inch gap was a hazard to which the cited standard applied.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 926 F.2d at 427. Melvin</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Butler, the supervisor of the cone lines, completed daily safety inspections but never identified the g</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ap as a hazard</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">12</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 203-4; 232-33; Stip. 9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> He acknowledged reaching over the line and into the gap to remove chicken would be dangerous, but, indicated he was</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>unaware employees did this and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">pressed skepticism they would have time to do so given the rapid pace at which they were required to cut the chi</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ckens coming down the cone line</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">13</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 215-16, 218;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Exh</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. R-9)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><a href="http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1990390312&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=I20acc98ffa2c11d98ac8f235252e36df&refType=CA&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)"><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Armour Food Co.,</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span>14 BNA OSHC 1817 (No. 86-0247, 1990)</span></a><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(discussing how difficult it would be for employees to come into contact with unguarded parts). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Ward, Sanderson’s safety and health coordinator, also testified he was unaware of any hazard on the cone line and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">pressed similar skepticism employees would have time to reach across the line while it was moving</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 236, 279, 285, 288)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> He viewed the splashguard not as a machine guard or something related to safety but solely as a means to keep product on the li</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ne</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">14</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 251</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> It was not intended to protect employees from a moving part and was not located at a point of operation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 251-52</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Ward considered the gap to be too small to trap a finger or hand. (Tr. 255-56, 282-83.) He believed the employee was injured because she failed to don her gloves appropriately causing the tip of her glove to become trapped, leading to her injury</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">15</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 256</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Secretary neither disputes this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ex</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">planation for the injury nor provided evidence the gap was of a sufficient size to trap a finger when gloves were appropriately worn (or without any personal protective equipment). The Secretary does not allege<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">’s personal protective equipment policies and procedures were deficient such that it could have been anticipated an employee would improperly don a glove. Likewise, the Secretary does not suggest<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>knew or could have known an improperly donned glove could become trapped in the gap</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref16" href="#ftn16">16</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">addition, there is no evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">’s overall pattern of inspecting for hazards was insufficient or it otherwise was capable of recognizing t</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">he hazard before the accident (Tr. 250-51, 278</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. W</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">hile the Secretary need not prove how an injury occurred, or even that there was one, for the cited standard to apply, he must show the gap presented a hazard the employer was capable of recognizing.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See Corbesco</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 926 F.2d at 427</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The evidence does not show<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sanderson</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had the level of notice the Fifth Circuit requires. There had been no injuries and there was no evidence of industry customs. Nor has the Commission previously applied the standard the way the Secretary attempted to do so here. Finally, the Secretary did not show the hazard was obvious enough such that the employer should have known or inquired about guarding.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref17" href="#ftn17">17</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">926 F.2d at 427.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Cf. Ladish</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 10 BNA OSHC at 1238 (finding</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the hazard readily apparent). The Court therefore finds the Secretary has failed to establish the violation alleged in Citation 1, Item 1.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The foregoing decision constitutes the findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Rule 52(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span>Based upon the foregoing decision, it is ORDERED that:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Citation 1, Item</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">1, alleging a violation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1)</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">VACATED</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and no penalty is assessed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; ">SO ORDERED.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:384px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; ">December 27, 2016</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">SHARON D. CALHOUN</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span>Administrative Law Judge<span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:336px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:384px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">1 </span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>The Secretary does not allege that<span>
					</span><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Sanderson</span>’s Notice of Contest was untimely.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>The employee’s finger was unable to<span><span></span>
					</span>be<span>
					</span>reattached<span><span></span>
					</span>by medical professionals.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">3 </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Although this case can only ultimately be appealed to the D.C. or Fifth Circuit,<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>urges the<span>
					</span>Court<span>
					</span>to follow the approach in<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Perez v. Loren Cook Co.</span>, 803 F.3d 935 (8th Cir. 2015) (Sanderson’s Brief at 7-8). The<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">finds the case neither applicable nor persuasive. </span>In<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Loren Cook</span>,<span><span></span>
					</span>the Eighth Circuit determined<span><span></span>
					</span>because 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(1) identifies specific hazards related to the regular use of the machinery (such as rotating parts), it was not applicable to a hazard stemming from the catastrophic failure of a machine.<span>
					</span>803 F.3d at 940-41. In the<span>
					</span>instant<span>
					</span>matter, there is no allegation<span>
					</span>the hazard presented by the cone line was a result of a catastrophic failure.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">4 </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>As initially issued, the Citation alleged this conduct violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a)(3), which<span>
					</span>requires<span><span></span>
					</span>point of operation guarding. Both the<span>
					</span>CSHO<span><span></span>
					</span>and Ward testified the gap between the splashguard and the rest of the cone line<span><span></span>
					</span>was not a point of operation<span>
					</span>(Tr. 102, 279-82). Thus, it appears the parties agree the initially cited standard is not applicable.<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>The Safeguarding Publication was not timely identified as an exhibit by<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>but<span><span></span>
					</span>was admitted over the Secretary’s objection (Ex. R-8; Tr. 98-99). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">6 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>argues the<span>
					</span>CSHO<span><span></span>
					</span>indicated there was no point of operation hazard (Sanderson’s Brief<span><span></span>
					</span>at 7). The<span>
					</span>CSHO’s actual testimony was<span>
					</span>the gap itself was not a point of operation, ingoing nip point, or rotating part (Tr. 103).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">7 </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Neither the Fifth Circuit, nor the D.C. Circuit, has applied the rational of<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco</span><span><span></span>
					</span>to 29 C.F.R. § 1910.212(a). However, the Commission cited the case when vacating a violation of it. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Martin v. Miami Indus., Inc.</span>, 15 BNA OSHC 1258, 1263 (No. 88-671, 1991),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in pertinent part</span>, 983 F.2d 1067 (6th Cir., 1992) (unpublished). <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See also E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.</span>, 17 BNA OSHC 2110 (No. 96-0354, 1997) (ALJ) (applying<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco<span>
						</span></span>in a case appealable to the Fifth Circuit which involved a violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.212(a)(1));<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Wal-Mart Distrib., Ctr. No. 6016</span>, 25 BNA OSHC 1397, 1400 n.10 (No. 88-1292, 2015) (vacating a violation of a personal protective equipment standard for lack of notice),<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in pertinent part</span>, 819 F.3d 200 (5th Cir. 2016) (not addressing the citation item the Commission vacated for lack of notice).<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">8 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>contends the cited standard does not apply because the hazard could have been remedied by removing the splashguard altogether (Sanderson’s Brief at 8). Whether<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>could have complied with the standard by removing rather than lowering the splashguard is a question not before this Court and not relevant to whether there was a violation as the cone line existed at the time alleged in the Citation.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">9 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Sanderson cites 29 C.F.R. § 1910.217(f)(4) in its brief (Sanderson’s Brief at 8). That provision addresses overloading of power presses and does not refer to permissible gaps in guarding. 29 C.F.R. § 1910.217(f)(4). The court believes Sanderson may have intended to refer to Table O-10, which is referenced in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.217(c)(1), and relates to safeguarding points of operation (Tr. 87-88, 90-91).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">10 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>also does not discuss the Hazards of Conveyors section, which sets out various hazards related to employees reaching into machine areas to free debris or jammed materials. (Ex. R-8 at 27-30.) This section does not indicate openings of any size are permissible. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">11 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>In its brief,<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>also cites to Exhibit R-7, which was offered but ruled inadmissible (Tr. 86). Exhibit R-7 was not prepared by OSHA, has no bearing on worksites in Mississippi, and accordingly was found inadmissible under Fed. R. Evid. 401 at the hearing. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Id. </span>Although<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>indicates<span><span></span>
					</span>it is “Michigan OSHA’s state plan guidance,” it was not prepared by the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the agency in charge of administering the Act in Michigan. In fact, it appears no governmental authority prepared or authorized the publication. Rather, it was published by a workers compensation insurance provider. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span>Michigan Municipal League, Workers’ Compensation Fund,<span>
					</span><a href="http://www.mml.org/insurance/fund/"><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">http://www.mml.org/insurance/fund/</span></a>, last visited December 8, 2016. Particularly in light of the fact both the worksite and<span>
					</span>Sanderson’s principal place of business are both in Mississippi, and the lack of any authentication of the document, consistent with the ruling at the hearing, the<span>
					</span>court<span><span></span>
					</span>finds Exhibit R-7 is inadmissible and not relevant to this matter (Tr. 86; Stip. 3-4). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">12 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Other Sanderson employees also completed inspections<span>
					</span>regularly<span>
					</span>without identifying the gap as a hazard (Tr. 250-51, 307-8, 315). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">13 </span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>also argues chicken in the gap had no value to the company and suggests it would not care if employees did not remove it (Sanderson’s Brief at 5). However, although a piece of “chicken scrap” could not be sold, it could cause the line to shut down and thereby delay production<span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr. 158-59, 176, 219-20, 223-24).<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">14 </span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>In her opening statement, the Secretary’s counsel alleged<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>failed to properly install and maintain the splashguard<span><span></span>
					</span>and this resulted in a hazard (Tr. 19). However, no witness indicated the splashguard was a machine guard or provided evidence supporting the theory it had been improperly installed or maintained. </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">15 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>Ward also indicated the splashguard was on the opposite side<span><span></span>
					</span>of where the employees stood (Tr. 254). In his view, employees did not have any contact with it (Tr. 255, 285, 288). However, two employees testified about workers routinely using their hands or scissors to remove product from the gap between the splashguard<span>
					</span>and the rest of the cone line<span>
					</span>(Tr.<span><span></span>
					</span>159-60, 190-91, 263-64, 268-69).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn16" href="#ftnref16"><span><span></span>
						</span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">16 </span><span><span></span>
					</span>The standard takes into account the inability of humans to always follow every safety<span>
					</span>precaution.<span>
					</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">See Brick & Block Co.</span>, 3 BNA OSHC 1876, 1878 (No. 4859, 1976) (noting, in connection with a violation of § 1910.212(a), that guarding is still required even if policies are set up to limit contact with machines). However, under Fifth Circuit precedent, the Secretary still had to show the employer had actual or constructive notice of applicability. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">Corbesco</span>, 926 F.2d at 427. The Secretary failed to show<span>
					</span>Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>should have known its glove policies were deficient such that the gap presented a hazard. Sanderson<span><span></span>
					</span>was not cited for any training or personal protective equipment violations and the CSHO did not even ask the injured employee if she had been trained on how to wear the required gloves<span>
					</span>(Tr. 130-31).<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn17" href="#ftnref17"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; ">17 </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>While the accident provided sufficient notice, the Secretary does not allege there was any violation after the investigation commenced.</p>
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