# Patent

## Title
Vehicle occupant support

## Abstract

An arrangement in passenger vehicles, that provide a mechanism for reducing the peak inertial loading on the occupant including children during lateral acceleration, and has synergistic comfort, convenience and utility features.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority from and hereby incorporates herein by reference, Ser. Nos. 11/113,028; 11/185,784; 60/751,305 filed Dec. 19, 2005; 60/848,804 filed Sep. 29, 2006; 60/849,685 filed Oct. 5, 2006; and 60/845,761 filed Sep. 20, 2006.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
REFERENCE TO A MICRO FICHE APPENDIX
Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention defines a means to incorporate in passenger vehicles, unique occupant supports that enhance the safety, comfort, utility and convenience. The special needs of child seats for vehicle have not evolved much beyond a static plastic seat with solid wings and projections to prevent excessive movement. This invention allows movement of the occupant to improve the well being of the occupant on the measures noted.
2. Objects & Advantages
Some of the objects and advantages of the present invention are safety arrangements particularly for lateral or side impacts that provide energy absorption and a reduction in the peak acceleration, intrusion into the space occupied by the passenger and reduce other factors that can seriously injure or kill passengers or occupants. The present invention also addresses the discomfort of lateral accelerations due to vehicle movement. This invention also addresses the special needs of children's support in vehicles to reduce injury, increase comfort, and improve convenience to the parent and finally the enhancing the experience and related child development that derives from stimuli absorbed while traveling in a vehicle.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1& 2 illustrates an embodiment of a (Child/Infant support mechanism) CISM and support. The mechanism for moving the CISM can be used for any passenger support mechanism. The illustrated position is during a lateral acceleration of the vehicle.
FIG. 3 illustrates an occupant support mechanism that is adapted to reorient during lateral accelerations. It is also designed to eject along slides for egress and ingress with worm drives activating the ejection.
FIG. 4-7 illustrates the same occupant support mechanism from different perspectives.
FIG. 8 illustrates the occupant support under lateral acceleration showing the reorientation to face the occupant away from the impact.
FIG. 9,10 illustrates the movement after the initial impact where the occupant moves away from the impact.
FIG. 11 illustrates a front facing CISM where the harness is in two parts and each of them can be independently locked down. These harness parts are shown swung up away from the occupant to allow egress and ingress. In addition the shell that supports the child can be rotated outwards for easy access.
FIG. 12 shows the same front facing CISM at a time it is under lateral acceleration in the vehicle.
FIG. 13 illustrates the same front facing CISM in the normal operating position with no lateral accelerations.
FIG. 14 shows a rear facing CISM (using the same base, sub-base and support cradle as for the front facing CISM) the rear facing CISM is shown in the normal operating position has. The figure shows the retracted undercarriage and wheels along with the retracted handle. These are extended when the shell is released and are used to wheel the shell by the parent or guardian of the child.
FIG. 15 shows the another view of the rear facing CISM in the normal operating position.
FIG. 16 shows the rear facing CISM under lateral acceleration.
FIG. 17 shows the “cradle” that supports the shell (in this case the rear facing CISM is shown. The same cradle is adapted to support the front facing CISM also.
FIG. 18 shows the rear facing CISM shell removed from the cradle and with the undercarriage and handle extended and ready for wheeling the child around.
FIG. 19 shows the rear facing CISM shell with retracted wheels and handle.
FIG. 20 shows the rear facing CISM under lateral acceleration.
FIG. 21-30 illustrate an alternative embodiment.
FIG. 31-33, 35, 37-52 show versions of the preferred embodiment
In FIG. 31: XA—Slider Assembly can take many locked positions to allow rearward facing and forward facing positions as well as reclining positions for infants; XB—Loop connects tether support to latch for additional rigidity.
In FIG. 32: XC—TWO PART HARNESS These may be secured together by a loose piece of webbing that allows the two parts to separate as the harness retracts over the head of the child. (The Harness is spring mounted to retract up and away from the occupant when released) allowing a single hand operation in a single motion to secure the harness or to release it; XD—Latches for Harness and shell Separate but can be locked together to release the shell at the same time as the harness. Particularly useful for the infant shell that may be removed with the child and carried or rolled along with a retractable handle and skate wheels).
In FIG. 33: XE—Shoulder pads are designed to be on the sides and in many embodiments in front of the shoulders, in the operating position; XF—Angled orientation of Pillow Pads 1. Provide support for sleep 2. Provide support during the front impact with the narrow front The front will be narrower with hinges noted 3. In side impact are in positions to support the head as the seat swings or rotates; XG—Forward pivoting hinges (with limits) are limited to a small angular movement to prevent the forward impact load on the harness to pull it forward and reduce the gap between pillow pads to prevent the head from moving forward; XI—Wide area of harness distributes the impact load. Harness may have—on child side or innersurface one or more air pouches or air cushions that distribute the load on impact across the harness; XJ—All surfaces next to the occupant may have suitable impact absorbing materials.
In FIG. 33A: XH—Central or a pair of hinges on arms that pivot forward (XH1) to reduce the gap between pillow pads (XH2) with force (XH3) from harness on impact.
FIG. 34,36 show the detail for a passive air conditioning system that utilizes the kinetic energy of the mass of the occupant to force fresh air into the shell for comfort.
In FIG. 34: “Bellows” passive air conditioning for seat shell; XK—Shell has perforations; XL—Fabric or other surface material against child; XM—Flexible membrane has staggered perforations (even statistically staggered in mass produced items); XN—THE CYCLE—1. When body of child is forced towards shell the foam compresses and the membrane is pushed against the shell and BLOCKS airflow Therefore the air in the foam is “pumped” through the material “D” to the child. 2. When the force of the body is NOT against the foam/shell, the foam recovers while the membrane is sucked away from the shell and allows air through the holes in the shell to fill the foam.
In FIG. 35: XO—The shell is detachable with different sizes used for children of different sizes. The hips are supported well with a narrow bottom. The surface of the shell is near the lower body and is thin. Some embodiments have perforations for air circulation through the shell.
In FIG. 36: XP: Staggered openings are beneficial. XQ—“Bellows” action PASSIVE AIR CONDITIONING—The shell is designed to be close to the body. Openings on the shell are NOT lined up with the openings in the membrane. Therefore as the child moves in the shell, and the foam gets compressed, air is forced through the fabricas the membrane blocks as it is pushed to the shell. When the child moves away, the foam relaxes and the membrane is sucked in and opens the apertures on the shell bringing in new air.
In FIG. 37: XR—Crash Bar provides crush reduction of the occupant space and can swing away for access of the child; XS—Flex Bar provides shock absorbtion function and has a pivot slide at one end and a pivot at the other end.
In FIG. 38: XT—The Pillow Pad supports the head. The Pillow Pad and its supports may be designed to flex to provide impact absorbtion; XU—During lateral acceleration or lateral impact, the Shell swings to increase the surface area of contact to support the occupant; XV—Slider at end of travel during impact.
In FIG. 39: XW—Pivoted sliders engage lateral slides; XX—Flex Bar filters impact force; XY—Dual latches that first release the harness and with more displacement release the shell. These separate latches may be ganged together with a catch. This is particularly useful in the Infant Shell where the shell is removed with the child most of the time; XZ—Shock absorbing device attached to sub-base. The Shock absorbtion device may have two or more sections in series. The first (spring damper) is tuned to acceleration of the shell and the cradle with the child during normal centrifugal acceleration due to vehicle turns. The second section may be tuned to impact conditions of extreme acceleration. The First section will therefore be fully compressed. (or expanded) before the impact section begins to operate and therefore will have positioned the child ahead of the impact to present an enhanced body surface area as a result of the prior rotation. This will improve over the time of impact.
In FIG. 40—Motion under lateral acceleration—In this embodiment the pivoting slider has 2 axes of pivoting and one of sliding on the side slide: YA—The Side Slide is slidably attached to a pivoted slider that attaches to the flex bar. This arrangement provides a reaction force on the cradle/shell/occupant on the opposite side of its center of gravity from the face of the shock absorber; YB—Flexbar, pivotally attached to the side slide inside the Crash Bar.
In FIG. 41—Motion under lateral acceleration: YC—Shock absorber (not shown) attached here and to the cradle.
In FIG. 42: YD—Ganged or separate latches for Shell/Harness.
FIG. 43: Shows each of the left half and right half harness having a belly pad (BP)/Aircushion (AC) that provides support to the torso of the occupant in a frontal or oblique impact.
In FIG. 44: YE—Pillow Pads may be adjusted with multiple settings as can Harness and Shoulder Pads; YF—Upper Assembly Hub holds Pillow Pads Harness and Shoulder Rests; YG—Upper Spine can adjust the height of Flex Spine and head support. To save weight the Upper spine can be connected direct to the Flex Spine; YH—Separate headRest support telescopes inside and can be locked with a pin; YI—Adjustment possible with Pin or other arrangement; YJ—Flexible spine that can twist with a torsional load or flex laterally with a side load as in a lateral impact. These loads can be from the inertial mass of the shoulders pushing against the shoulder support or the head against the pillow pads (these will reduce the peak acceleration of the head and/or thorax) Some embodiments may even have SEPARATE flexible spines to allow differential movement of the head and shoulders with this arrangement even alone; YK—Shell may have a cavity to support the flex bar to limit its distortion under load; YL—Flex Spine may flex laterally or twist to lower peak loads on head and thorax; YM—Flex Spine can have different cross sections to either allow lateral flexing or rotation under torsion.
In FIG. 45: YN—Headrest may have separate support for height adjustment; YO—Wishbone brace attaches tether to base and to ISO-FIX latch; YP—Support for ISO_FIX latch attaches to Wishbone brace; YQ—Cradle Base can be locked to base in many positions mating cylindrical surface; YR—Metal Brace inside base.
In FIG. 46: YS—For Egress and ingress the Crash Bar is unlocked and swings out to allow the shell to tilt out or easy access. A single hand operation unlocks the Crash Bar; YT—Latch for harness not shown. Two loops on the left and right harness sections attach to a pair of hooks on the Shell support frame. A similar hook on the Shell support frame holds the Shell.
In FIG. 47: YU—For egress and ingress the pillow pads, harness and shoulder pads swing AWAY from the body of the child to provide easy access. The angled pivots allow engagement of these devices when needed with the child, but swing away when not needed.
In FIG. 48: YV—Upper Assembly support is anchored at bottom and attached to the headrest, pillow pads and shoulder pad at the top. During side impact force on the shoulders and/or head will twist the upper assembly support to filter out peak acceleration of the head of the head and thorax.
In FIG. 49: YW—Position of pillow Pads show twist of Upper Assembly to protect the head and thorax.
In FIG. 50: YX—Position of Pillow Pads show the twist motion of the Upper Assembly relative to the Shell and Cradle Lower Assembly during a side impact.
In FIG. 51: YY Flex Upper Assembly support protects head and thorax during side impact.
In FIG. 52: YZ—Flex Head with flex upper assembly support reduces peak accelerations of head and thorax on impact.
FIG. 53-57 show an alternative embodiment.
In FIG. 53: ZA—Flex Bars provide spring damper properties for support of the cradle assembly. The damper component of the flex bars may be provided by encasing/surrounding the spring material with a material that shatters or crushes or dents. (metals past yield point); ZB—The connection A and B may also be directly on the cradle assembly if the spring damper properties of the flex bar are not needed.
In FIG. 54: ZC—Flex-bars may be pivotally attached to the cradle; ZD—Shock absorbers may be attached to this extension of the flex bars and to the side of the sub base.
In FIG. 55: ZE—Connection means between A-A′ and B-B′ may have a shock absorber (spring damper/air damper) along its length. (there may be more/less than two such connection means); Note—The positions of A,B must be such that both of the support forces on A, B from A′, B′ respectively act on the mass of the occupant/shell/cradle (OSC) on the opposite side of the Center of Gravity of the OSC to the shock absorber during impact or acceleration laterally. i.e. that the components of the forces through A,B in the direction of the acceleration pass through points on the plane passing through the center of gravity (CG) of the moving body (that includes the occupant and its support arrangement) Opposite the side of the component (in the direction of the acceleration) of the forces of the shock absorbers controlling the motion. The moment of the forces A.B about the CG should be greater than the moment of the shock absorber about the CG.
In FIG. 56: ZF—Sliders slide on the slides attached to the sub-base. These may have one or more degrees of rotational freedom relative to the Cradle that supports the Shell. If there is symmetric sliding on the two or more slides, two degrees of rotational freedom of the slide orthogonal to the sliding axis may be required; ZG—Wishbone connects tether to latch housing and base; ZH—Connection means between B′-B may be slidably connected at one end pivotally connected at the other end with one or more degrees of rotational freedom on each of the ends. The Flex Bar may also be pivotally connected to the Cradle of the Shell at B0; ZI—Connection means may be slidably connected at one end and pivotally connected with one or more degrees of freedom at the other end. OR pivotally connected at both ends A and A′ with one or more degrees of freedom each. A may also be pivotally connected at its base A0.
In FIG. 57: ZJ—Slide bars for cradle Assembly. Two or more slides may be used for stability of the dynamic occupant support (child Shell); ZK—Sub-base Assembly (if used otherwise the base assembly) has one or more attachment points for flex bar(s) A′, B′, C′, there may be direct attachment points with a connection means as in A′-A, B′-B or with an additional attached element as with C′.



LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS


    
    
        101—Central Member of Indo-skeletal structure
        102—Safety Beam Lower Element
        103—Side impact shock absorbers
        104—External Air Bags
        105—Perforation Shields
        106—Protector Shields
        107—Safety Beam Upper Element
        108—Auxiliary Beam (fixed or sliding)
        109—Multi-element contoured passenger seat
        110—Vehicle Shell/Body
        111—Secondary Slides/Impact decouplers/pivoting slider
        112—Locking devices
        112A—Pivot for Protector shield
        210—Child or Infant support mechanism (CISM)
        211—CISM support pivots
        212—Lock pin—Internal Airbag equivalents (IAE) with Safety beam lower element
        213—Pin slot for lateral impact movement
        214—Internal Airbag equivalent shock absorber
        215—Slot for housing Internal Airbag Equivalent shock absorbers
        216—Pin Hole for registering Lock Pin
        217—Support Key—secondary slide to outer rotator
        218—CISM Support Bracket
        219—Pivotal support for CISM Support Bracket
        220—Pivot for Internal Airbag equivalent attached to CISM support bracket
        221—Fixed Support for safety beam lower elements and internal airbag equivalents
        222—support for secondary slides, CISM support bracket and internal airbag equivalents
        223—Support flange between Secondary slide and internal airbag equivalent active ends
        224—Internal airbag equivalents—dual movable active end at center
        225—Internal Airbag Equivalents—dual movable extremes—expansion/compression.
        226—Lock pin hole on dual internal airbag equivalent center support
        227—Top lock flanges
        228—Side lock flanges
        229—Front lock flanges
        230—Side support flange
        231—Lateral Brace
        232 CISM Support Bracket/cradle
        233—Pivotal support for CISM Support Bracket
        234—Pivot for Slider or Shock absorber attached to one or both of CISM or its support bracket.
        235—Fixed Support for safety beam lower elements and shock absorbers
        236—Sliding pivot arrangement—supports secondary slides, CISM pivot bracket, shock absorbers
        237—Support flange between Secondary slide and shock absorber active ends
        238—Shock absorbers—dual movable active end at center
        239—Slider or sliding Shock absorbers—dual movable extremes—expansion/compression.
        240—Lock pin hole on dual shock absorber center support
        240A—Lock Pin support with slots to engage and compress one of the two shock absorbers
        241—Top lock flanges
        242—Side lock flanges
        243—Front lock flanges
        244—Side support flange
        245—Lateral Brace
        246—Side sliding surface
        247—pivoted support for side sliding surface/crash bar
        248—pillow pads
        249—head rest
        250 two part semi rigid harness with optional air cushion on inside surface
        251—shoulder pads/supports
        252—shell
        253—Flex bar
        254A—Front pivot slider, 254B Rear Pivot slider
        255—front spine
        256—rear spine
        257—anchor
        258A rear support bar 258B Front support bar
        259—shell latch
        260—shell latch attach bar
        261—torsion “T” bar
        P101—Compressible Laterally Slidable (when detached) Hip Bolster
        P102—Seat Bottom Contoured
        P103—Impact Decoupler Secondary Slide Elements
        P104—Retraction Slots for secondary slide support rails (rails not shown)
        P105—Retraction slots for Secondary slides, retracted at Egress and Ingress
        P106—Front side of rear seat
        P107—Back of seat bottom
        P108—Side bolsters in retracted position for egress and ingress
        P109—Crushed side bolsters during impact (does not intrude into hip space)
        P110—Side Bolster Air Bags
        P111—Shoulder bolster/support—operating position and width
        P112—Back rest
        P113—Head Rest
        P114—Head and Neck air bags (head rest is fixed to backrest so that it moves with back rest on lateral impact)
        P115—Body Air Bags to hold and move the body on lateral impact. The airbags are shaped to push the arms out of the way at deployment time.
        P116—Crushed shoulder bolster/support (controlled crush)
        P117—Back Rest
        Q101—Head rest support
        Q102—Pivotally attached headrest flap (Left and Right)
        P101—Compressible Laterally Slidable (when detached) Hip Bolster
        P102—Seat Bottom Contoured
        P103—Impact Decoupler Secondary Slide Elements
        P104—Retraction Slots for secondary slide support rails (rails not shown)
        P105—Retraction slots for Secondary slides, retracted at Egress and Ingress
        P106—Front side of rear seat
        P107—Back of seat bottom
        P108—Side bolsters in retracted position for egress and ingress
        P109—Crushed side bolsters during impact (does not intrude into hip space)
        P110—Side Bolster Air Bags
        P111—Shoulder bolster/support—operating position and width
        P112—Back rest
        P113—Head Rest
        P114—Head and Neck air bags (head rest is fixed to backrest so that it moves with back rest on lateral impact)
        P115—Body Air Bags to hold and move the body on lateral impact. The airbags are shaped to push the arms out of the way at deployment time.
        P116—Crushed shoulder bolster/support (controlled crush)
        P117—Back Rest
        C101—ISOFIX latch
        C102—CISM incline pivot
        C103—Side Slide handle (with optional latch to release opening pivot)
        C104—Side slider
        C105—Side slide
        C106—arm attached to the CISM support
        C107—Pivot for Side slide
        C108—Pivot on Side Slider for arm attached to the CISM support
        C109—Worm Drive for seat slide to access position (the drive nut that engages Safety Beam Upper element 107 through slot in Safety beam Lower element 102, is not shown)
        C110—Motor for Worm drive
        C111—Flange to support Spring/damper for shock absorber elements (on each side of 111).
        C112—Vertical pivots for rotation of seat frame under impact or for egress/ingress.
        C113—Seat Frame support rear element
        C114—Seat Frame support front side element
        C115—Slide joints between Front and rear seat frame support elements
        C116—Slot on 102 for drive nut on worm drive which drives 107 to and from the extended position.
        C117—Seat slide for Fore/Aft control (seat not shown)
        C118—Tether Support wishbone brace
        C119—Slider Assembly
        C120—Tether Support Loop
        C121—Latches for Harness and Shell
        C122—Forward Pivoting hinges with limits
        C123—Fabric or other surface material against occupant
        C124—Foam
        C125—Flexible membrane
        C126—Base
        C127—wheels on detachable shell
        C128—handle on detachable shell
    
    


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Preferred Embodiment
The preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 11-20, 31-57. This embodiment is for a CISM. It has a base that is rigidly mounted with a pair of ISOFIX latches and a tether. The rigidity of the base is enhanced with a “wishbone” that is made of a rigid material such as aerospace aluminum connected between the Isofix latches and the tether mount and secured to the base along its length. The wishbone is best with straight sections to allow it to accept tensile loads without distorting the surrounding plastic material. Further, considering that the mount for the base is on its rear with the ISOFIX latches and the tether, a lateral acceleration of the vehicle will apply an inertial loading from the child and its immediate support to twist the section of the base ahead of its mount. To counter that, the present invention, in addition to using rigid plastic materials has two lateral bars—one at the front of the base and the other at the back of the base and a rigid rod or tube that connects them from the front to the back . . . the toque applied to the front of the base from the inertial loading will be resisted by this rigid rod or tube.
The sub-base (see FIG. 31) has a crash bar that resists intrusion in to the occupant space, if forced in, it is adapted to push the occupant shell away from the intrusion. The crash bar has a side sliding surface 246 that is slidably connected to a pivoting head at the end of the flexbar 253 (FIG. 37) that is connected at its other end to the cradle 232. The sub base has two lateral slide bars 102 that have pivoting sliders 111 on them. These pivoting sliders are attached on their pivoting end to the cradle 258. There is a shock absorption device (not shown for clarity) that is both compression and expansion enabled as a spring damper connected to the sub base at the point 239B and the other end connected to the cradle 232 at 239A. Finally the crash bar 247 is pivotally attached to the sub base and with the release of a latch can be swung out thereby enabling the cradle to swing around with the shell thereby enabling easy egress and ingress.
The Cradle 232 is supported by the two sliding pivots 254A and B, and the flex bar 253. The front facing shell 252 is locked onto it by engaging a ridge on the back of the shell with a support bar 258A and with a pair of latches 259. Notably the rear facing shell is reversed with the ridge on leg section of the occupant and the latch under the torso section. FIG. 18 shows the (holes for) the attachment bar 260 for this latch in the rear facing shell.
The rear spine 256 has a support tube with pin holes on it so it can be raised and lowered by removing the pin, and has a torsion resistant rod attached at its bottom to the support tube. For the front facing seat, the head rest, and the assembly comprising the pillow pads, the harness and shoulder supports are attached to this. These items can be swung up on each of two axes, which are oriented to ensure that the harness and pillow pads swing away from the occupant when raised, thereby easing egress and ingress. The Harness and or the Pillow pad rising may be spring loaded to ease release.
The two part semi rigid harness is designed to be adjusted for length at a connection point just above the belly pad (that provides a broad area of contact to support the body) and is designed to have a latch arrangement at the end just below the shell on the cradle to hold it in position. This latch may be moved forward and backwards to ensure that the seat can be used for children of all shapes.
It may be seen that the pillow pads are inclined towards the front and slightly outwards laterally. This is to aid the use of the pillow pads as pillows for the rest of the child. When the shell and the occupant are under lateral acceleration, their inertial mass will force the shell and cradle to rotate and thereby orient the pillow pad in the direction opposite that of the acceleration to orient to the near vertical position (see FIG. 40), thereby supporting the head under severe acceleration. Notably the position of the pillow pads in the normal operating position will reduce obstruction to the field of view of the child and reduce the impairment to hearing when compared to other child seats with large wings.
The entire upper assembly containing the headrest, pillow pads, harness and shoulder pads/supports can be moved up and down by disengaging a pin on the rear spine and moving the support tube.
In addition the upper assembly support rod may be designed to twist along its axis so that the upper assembly, while resisting the inertial loading of the head and shoulders lags behind the movement of the shell thereby allowing the head to reduce peak accelerations. This is seen in FIGS. 49 and 50, another variation of the embodiment has a flex spine that bends to accommodate a differential motion desired between the head and the thorax. This is illustrated in FIGS. 51 and 52.
In addition the material for the Pillow pads may be designed to flex on contact with the head thereby reducing peak loading conditions.
Finally to address front impact, the pillow pads in the normal operating position constrict the space in front and below the face. In the front or certainly in an oblique impact these will support the head rather than allow the neck to take the entire loading resulting in high neck tensile load conditions. A variation of this design has a spring loaded pivot arrangement at the main Upper assembly hub. On contact of the torso with the harness, the forward force pulls the tow axes forward thereby reducing the space between the pillow pads, thereby increasing the likelihood of supporting the head in a front impact.
In the case of the rear facing seat for infants, the shell is positioned in the reverse direction on the cradle—see for example FIG. 14. While the same arrangements for the harness, shoulder pads and pillow pads may be used, as the main front impact loading is now on the back of the seat (which is the front of the vehicle) a conventional soft harness may be used.
For side impact and acceleration the same cradle swing mechanism works. A simplified version of the upper assembly is used in this embodiment for the rear facing seats may be seen in FIG. 14, 15, 16, 17. Here the Torsion “T” bar is used to provide differential movement between the head and upper body and the lower body that moves with the cradle with inertial lateral loading. The Torsion “T” bar is inserted into the front spine and held with the same pin that held the shaft with the latch for the semi rigid harness for the front facing seat. With an inertial loading of the head the headrest pushes the torsion bar that twists to accommodate the differential movement of the head relative to the thorax.
Notably all relative motion of regions of the anatomy of the occupant, are by design arranged to conform the axes of natural movement. In this case the rotational movement of the spine and neck and the flexural movement of the spine and neck.
The rear facing seat is shown with a retractable undercarriage and handle that can be extended when the shell is removed from the cradle and wheeled for the convenience of the mother/guardian. The handle has a unique arrangement with the retracting mechanism allowing control of the retraction and extension with the handle alone. An extension element may be added to the handle to make it extend further.
In all embodiments with the reorienting shell, the position of the center of mass relative to the support points that produce reaction forces determines the direction of reorientation. It should be ensured that the reaction forces should be lower on the side that needs to move more against inertial load due to the acceleration.
FIG. 34, 36 illustrate a passive air conditioning system for any shell type support mechanism for an occupant in a vehicle. Here a support shell has a substantially rigid structural shell with perforations, within which is interposed adjoining it, a flexible membrane with perforations staggered to the perforations of the structural shell and adjoining it a foam layer that is adapted to absorb air on expansion and release air on compression, within which is a gas permeable membrane adapted to be adjoining the occupant, such that during transient lateral accelerations of the vehicle in a first direction the inertial mass of the occupant compresses the foam thereby forcing air to the occupant side as the membrane with perforations adjoining the structural shell with perforations will as a result for the force of compression and as a result of the staggered perforations, provide a seal against the transfer of air through the structural shell and wherein during transient lateral accelerations in a second direction the inertial mass shifts away from the foam and permeable membrane thereby allowing the foam to suck air from both sides, wherein the low pressure created next to the perforated membrane separates it from the perforated structural shell thereby allowing the staggered perforations to permit the infusion of air into the foam from the outer surface of the structural shell, thereby creating a mechanism for fresh air to enter the support shell for enhancing the comfort of the occupant. Notably the staggered spacing of the structural shell and the membrane may be even statistically staggered.
Alternative Embodiments
An embodiment of the CISM as illustrated in FIGS. 21-30, has two sliders and two corresponding pivots therefore having two slides on two axes each with pivotal linkages to the CISM. One or both of the sliding mechanisms have shock absorbing elements. In the figures one of the sliding elements 107/111 on 102 has a pair of shock absorbing elements inside the tube 102 and a pin that serves as the pivot 233 engages the shock absorbers on each of the two sides for compression only. The slider 107/111 has a hole through its body to accommodate the pin that in turn goes through the slot in 102. Each of the two shock absorbers on the two sides of the pin 233 attached to 107/111 compress in the event of lateral acceleration of the CISM, which can be due to impact or centrifugal force as the vehicle negotiates curves. There may be multi element shock absorbers that have multiple compression characteristics to cater for the lower acceleration of centrifugal action, and the higher acceleration of impacts. Moreover the accelerations can be in discrete steps with multiple stages with increasing accelerations enabled with multi stage shock absorption devices.
These figures FIG. 21-30 also show a head rest support Q101 which has two pivotally attached head rest flaps on it, with the pivot as far forward as possible so that on severe lateral acceleration the flaps are depressed thereby ensconcing the head to provide it a large surface area of support. The head rest flaps as shown also have one or more holes in the ear area to ensure a clear path for sound to the ears of the child. Such holes don't compromise the structural strength of the head rest as under such severe acceleration the flap rests against the headrest support that does not need to have holes in it. The Head rest flap is also shown to have a recessed section near the front for the eyes so that the child has an unrestricted view. During severe acceleration the rotation of the CISM raises the level of the relevant head flap to provide support as high as required on the head. The present invention therefore has a solution that does not need to compromise the stimuli that the child can benefit from in the vehicle critical for its development, to enhance safety. Most other designs would need to have huge wings on headrest to provide the same support.
FIG. 21-30 does not show the ISOFIX or other latch mechanism in the interest of clarity. This will be mounted on the curved bars shown at the bottom of the seat.
Any of the embodiments of the Child seat and CISM described herein may utilize a pre-tensioner device if 11 available in the vehicle. The car belt is threaded over a bar or lever that is pivotally or slidably attached to the seat frame. On activation of the pre-tensioner the bar or lever is moved and this may activate a cable or other mechanical linkage that tightens the child's harness.
The side arm 239 if on the door side of the child seat, it will also perform the function of an impact barrier to further protects the child. The side arm 239 in some embodiments may be unlocked and either pivoted outwards or slid on yet another sliding arrangement out of the way to allow the CISM to tilt outwards to ease egress and ingress.
Another alternative embodiment for occupant support is illustrated in FIGS. 3-10. This embodiment has cylindrical slides for the safety beam lower element 102 and the safety beam upper element 107, with the safety beam upper element driven to the access/loading position FIG. 10E22 with a worm drive inside the safety beam lower element 102. the drive nut or ball screw for the worm drive is attached to the safety beam upper element 107 through a slot C116 in the safety beam lower element 102. as may be seen from the illustrations a lateral impact loading on the protector shield 106 side will be supported by the safety beam lower 102 and upper 107 elements that are braced to the central element 101. However the inertial loading under lateral impact will move the secondary slides (without impact decouplers) 111 relative to the safety beam upper elements 107 against the spring damper shock absorbers placed between 107 and 111 (not shown) thereby reducing the peak acceleration sustained by the occupant. Moreover, when there is a controlled crush of the vehicle the occupant can move as shown from the normal operating position of FIG. 7 to the initially loaded position against the shock absorbers that may have differential parameters to ensure rotation of the occupant away from the impact (towards the acceleration direction) as shown in FIG. 8, and afterwards following the damping of the acceleration pulse move towards the center of the vehicle and away from the crush as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. These illustrations do not show the seat or passenger support mechanism but only a set of fore/aft adjustment slide mounts for the seats. This embodiment has near vertical pivots C112 and front C114 and rear C113 seat frame supports that are slidably interconnected C115 to allow a variable distance between the sliding Secondary slides 111 with differential displacements under load or during egress and ingress when the impact decouplers and shock absorbers are disengaged allowing the rotation of the seat frame to further ease access for the occupant. A further refinement of this embodiment (not shown is analogous to the CISM of 1,2 where the occupant support has a degree of rotation about an axis in a vertical plane through the direction of motion of the vehicle (analogous to 233 in the CISM of FIG. 1,2) thereby tilting the occupant support to reduce displacement of the head and thorax while using the impact energy to rotate the passenger support mechanism to increase the area of support. If the Fore aft movement of the passenger support mechanism is not obstructed, the Safety beam lower elements 102, upper elements 107 may be positioned on the rear of the Passenger support mechanism and below it as in the CISMs of FIG. 1,2. The CISM version of this embodiment may have ISOFIX latches attached to the ends of the safety beam lower element 102 and the Safety beam upper element 107 may be coupled to the secondary slide 111 (or even be the same element in some embodiments). The embodiment of the CISM may not be attached to the central body member 101 or to the protector shields 106.
Additional Embodiments
Yet another embodiment utilizes a viscous fluid filled anatomical micro air cushion with a vent to a secondary chamber and internal constrictions to limit the speed of motion of the fluid within the chamber, thereby taking the shape of the anatomical element such as the back of the head or the thorax, while under gentle pressure, but providing high levels of resistance under sudden compression as in a collision.
Yet another embodiment has a curvilinear sliding surface attached to the CISM, with sets of rollers that engage the sliding surface such that at least some of the sets of rollers are on both sides of the sliding surface thereby transferring pull and push reactive forces from the CISM to the roller mounts. Moreover the sets of rollers may be mounted to a frame that allows controlled lateral movement of the rollers and a degree or rotational motion about an axis parallel to the axis of the rotators such that the rotational motion and the translation motion rotate the CISM to enable the occupant to face away from the impact (towards the direction of acceleration).
CONCLUSIONS, RAMIFICATIONS & SCOPE
Thus it will become apparent that the present invention presented, provides a new paradigm for implementing key safety comfort and convenience features and providing utility in accessing vehicles. While the above description provides many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present invention, but rather as an exemplification of the preferred, an additional and an alternative embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible.

## Claims

1. A support element for a child with a head and a torso in a vehicle with a head assembly for front impact protection comprising a hub with a pillow pad and a harness attached to the hub on each side with a spring loaded pivot arrangement on arms, wherein said pillow pads are enabled for a front impact support during a forward projection of the head with a motion of said pillow pads towards the head caused by forward motion of the harness with an inertial loading of the torso of the child, enabled to articulate said pillow pads towards the head of the child and enabled to support and restrain in an impact, the head of the child, with a central or a pair of hinges on arms that pivot forward, thereby reducing the gap between said pillow pads and supporting and thereby restraining the head of the child.

2. A support mechanism for a forward facing occupant in a vehicle wherein during accelerations of the vehicle said support mechanism is adapted to re-orient, while providing support for said occupant during said reorientation, and wherein said support mechanism comprises a plurality of support elements, wherein one of said plurality of elements is a torso support assembly for the support of the torso, and another of said plurality of elements is a head support assembly for the support of the head supported by a flex spine, and where in the head support assembly is adapted under transient lateral accelerations of the vehicle, to provide controlled support while one or both of rotating about a predefined axis substantially parallel to a back of the occupant relative to the torso support assembly, and bending laterally along its axis substantially parallel to a back of the occupant relative to the torso assembly enabled by the distortion of the flex spine thereby providing controlled resistance to the head and torso under transient accelerations, thereby reducing a peak acceleration of one or both of the head and torso.

3. A dynamic occupant support for a child in a seat in a vehicle said dynamic occupant support, attached slidably to the base assembly of the seat with a plurality of separate pivoted slides, wherein during lateral accelerations of the vehicle said dynamic occupant support in the seat is adapted to reorient as a result of the inertial loading of the child about an axis of rotation which translates along a path on a plane substantially orthogonal to said axis of rotation enabled by the plurality of separate pivoted slides, pivotally attached to said dynamic occupant support, a support surface for the child on said support structure, by an angular displacement of a facing direction of the support surface, towards a direction of the lateral acceleration thereby enabling an increase in the support surface area during said lateral acceleration while providing substantial controlled support for the child during such time of reorientation.

4. A support mechanism for an occupant in a vehicle as in claim 3, further comprising a cradle, wherein said cradle is detachable and may be replaced with a booster shell for older children.

5. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, further comprising latches and a tether attachment point to attach to the vehicle on a car seat with a back and a bottom, with at least two latch attachment points at the base of the seat back and a tether, wherein said base of said support mechanism comprises a wishbone that connects the tether attachment point to the at least two latches, thereby enabling a rigid triangle of supports for the occupant support mechanism.

6. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, further comprising a cradle, wherein said cradle is adapted to attach to a rear facing support shell, wherein said rear facing support shell is detachably attached to said cradle, and comprises wheels and a handle, adapted to transport said shell when detached from said cradle of said support mechanism.

7. A support mechanism as in claim 6 wherein one or both of the wheels and handle of the support shell are retractable, thereby reducing the required space in the vehicle when said support shell is attached to the cradle of the support mechanism for a child.

8. A support for an occupant in a vehicle as in claim 3, comprising a support shell for the occupant that is adapted to be reoriented to face substantially outside the vehicle to facilitate egress and ingress.

9. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, wherein:
i) the head is supported by one of a pair of pillow pads oriented to be substantially orthogonal to and on the side of a lateral transient acceleration towards the child of the vehicle and the support mechanism, thereby enabling the pillow pad to apply a substantially orthogonal lateral reaction force, to support the head of the child, and
ii) wherein in the absence of a lateral transient acceleration, said pillow pads are adapted to lie in an angled position to the vertical and displaced downwards with regard to the head to enable one or more of: allow the child to rest its head on said pillow pad; provides a less obstructed field of view as a result of fixed protective wings; reduces obstruction to hearing.

10. A support for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, wherein said support is adapted to reorient a supported child under transient acceleration conditions, wherein said reorientation is one or both of: a reorientation in discrete steps with multiple stages of reorientation with increasing accelerations enabled with multistage shock absorption devices; and reorientation enabled with shock absorption devices enabled for the higher acceleration of impact and the lower acceleration of centrifugal forces as the vehicle negotiates turns.

11. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, and wherein said support mechanism further comprising a Crash Bar (247) with one end attached to the support shell and the other end attached to the seat support, that upon intrusion into the vehicle during impact, resists said intrusion and at a predetermined level of force is adapted relocate the support shell away from the impact side of the support for an occupant.

12. A support for a child, in a vehicle as in claim 3, comprising a base and a support shell in direct contact with the occupant, a plurality of sliding arrangements attached to the base, and pivotal attachments of the support shell to the sliding arrangements, thereby enabling the relocation and rotation of the occupant for one or both of egress and ingress; and for protection under vehicle acceleration conditions.

13. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, comprising a plurality of chambers containing a viscous fluid and fluid paths there between, adapted to conduct predetermined controlled volumes of fluid upon compression of one or more of said chambers, and wherein said chambers are located adjoining the child at a plurality of regions of an anatomy of the child thereby pressure on a first chamber of the plurality of chambers from reaction forces from the child relocates fluid to a second chamber of the plurality of chambers that is adapted to ensconse and protect a protected region of the anatomy of the child.

14. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 3, wherein said support mechanism comprises a base and a cradle adapted to move under said lateral accelerations, wherein the cradle is adapted to detachably attach to at least one of a forward facing support shell and a rear facing support shell that directly supports the child.

15. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle, wherein said support mechanism comprises a child support shell and a harness with a left half and a right half each pivotally attached to the child support shell, and each comprising a semi-rigid elements along the length of each of the left side and the right side of said harness thereby making the left side and the right side of the harness self supporting about each of their pivotal axes, adapted to restrain the child substantially within the child support shell, and wherein the each of the pivots of the left and the right side of the harness are located substantially behind the back of the child, and each axis inclined in a direction away from each other to enable said left half harness and right half harness to each independently of the other, swing away from the child about said axes to facilitate egress and ingress of the child and each of the left half are and the right half separately attached a point on the support mechanism between the legs of the child, such that on release of the separately attached harness, each of said harness halves, may be moved subject to the constraints imposed by their pivotal attachments away from the child as each of said harness halves rise as they rotate about their respective pivotal axes, thereby easing egress and ingress of the child from the support mechanism.

16. A support mechanism for a child in a vehicle as in claim 15, wherein the separable attachment points may be moved and locked in positions towards and away from the child to facilitate securing of children with different waist and chest measurements.

17. A support mechanism as in 15, wherein one or both of: the height of the axes for support for the left and right half harnesses; and the length of each of the left and right half harness, are adjustable to accommodate taller and shorter children.

18. A support mechanism as in claim 15, wherein each of the left half and right half harness each have a passive belly pad that provides support to the torso of the child in a frontal or oblique impact.

19. A support mechanism as in claim 15 wherein each of the left and right half harness each have a aircushion adjoining a torso of the child that supports the child in the event of a frontal or oblique impact on the vehicle.

20. A support mechanism as in claim 15, wherein both of said left half and right half of the harness have a passive support pad for the head in the event of a front impact thereby reducing the neck tensile loadings during such impact.

21. An occupant support mechanism in a vehicle, comprising a support shell which comprises: I) a substantially rigid structural shell with perforations with a first side and a second side; II) a flexible membrane with a first side and a second side with perforations staggered to the perforations of the structural shell and therefore not lined up to the perforations on the structural shell; III) a foam layer with a first side and a second side that is adapted to absorb air on expansion and release air on compression; and IV) a gas permeable membrane with a first side and a second side, wherein the second side of the rigid structural shell is adjoining the first side of the perforated membrane, the second side of the perforated membrane is adjacent to the first side of the foam, the second side of the foam is adjacent to the first side of the gas permeable membrane and the second side of the gas permeable membranes adjacent to the occupant, such that:
i) during transient accelerations of a part of the occupant support mechanism in the vehicle in a direction substantially towards the occupant, the inertial mass of the occupant upon reactive contact with said part of the support shell, compresses the foam and as on its first side, the combination of the flexible membrane with perforations and the structural shell with mutually staggered perforations as a result of said reactive compressive forces of the support shell with the occupant, press the membrane with perforations against the structural shell with perforations whereby a result of the perforations of the flexible membrane with perforations being staggered with regard to the perforations on the structural shell, will not provide a path for airflow out of the foam on its first side and will therefore create a seal for airflow on the first side of the foam, resulting in the air being forced out of the foam on its second side through the gas permeable membrane to the occupant, and
ii) during transient accelerations of the part of the occupant support mechanism in the vehicle in a direction substantially away from the occupant there is a reduced reactive force between the occupant and the part of the support shell, thereby as the inertial mass of the occupant shifts away from the second side of the gas permeable membrane, the reduced reactive force from the occupant releases pressure on the foam in a compressed state and thereby allows the foam to suck air from both its first side and its second side, and as a result of the suction of the foam on its first side pulling the membrane with perforations towards the foam and away from the structural shell, an air path is created for air to flow through the perforations on the structural shell and the membrane with perforations into the foam, thereby filling the foam with fresh air from the first side of the structural shell,

thereby creating a mechanism for fresh air to enter the support shell for enhancing the comfort of the occupant.