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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:14pt; color:#00B050; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:14pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Some personal identifiers have been redacted for privacy purposes.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION<span>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t,</span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> v. </span></p>
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							<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">NEW RIVER ELECTRICAL CORPORATION</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
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								</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket No</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0523</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "></span> </p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:114px; text-indent:-3.016cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">For Complainant:</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Stephanie Adams, Esq., U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor, 11240 East 9</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; ">th</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Street, Suite 881, Cleveland, OH</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:114px; text-indent:-2.858cm; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">For Respondent:      Keith Louis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Pryatel</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, Esq., and Travis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Teare</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, Esq., Kastner Westman & Wilkins, LLC, 3550 West Market Street, Suite 100, Akron, OH</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">JUDGE:                     Judge Christopher D. Helms, U.S. Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">I.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Procedural History</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>This case is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (“Commission”) pursuant to section 10(c) of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">659(c) (“the Act”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On November 6, 2017,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, an employee of Respondent, was injur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed when he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other employees were preparing an electrical cable for the installation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulator, also known as a “pothead</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” (Tr. 53, 77-78</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he victim received an electrical shock causing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">second-degree burns to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his left hand and forearm and third-degree burns to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his right knee and inner thigh area</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.” (Tr. 91;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">Stip. ¶ 9,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">C-1,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">, R-1).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In response to the accident,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) conducted an inspection of Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. As a result of that inspection, OSHA issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty (“Citation”) to Respondent, alleging three serious violations of the Act, with a total proposed penalty of $38,802. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant alleges Respondent failed to protect against multiple electrical hazards, including failing to disconnect electrical lines and equipment, to tag the lines and equipment as properly disconnected, and to ensure proper grounding of the lines and equipment.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Arial; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The tr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ial of this matter commenced on October 15, 2019, in Columbus, Ohio, and continued thereafter through October 18, 2019. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The following witnesses testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: </span></p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Compliance Safety and Health Officer (“CSHO”) Michael Stowell</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Zackery Howard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(formerly, a foreman for Respondent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mark Bail (formerly, a foreman for Respondent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dennis<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dawsey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(Complainant’s expert)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Wayne Evans (employee for Respondent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tanner Reynolds (employee serving as groundman for Respondent)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Symbol; padding-right:20px;">·</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nick Bar</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(Respondent’s superintendent).</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the reasons that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>follow,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 3 of the Ci</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are grouped and affirmed as one citation-item,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and a penalty of $12,934 is assessed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the grouped citation-item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">II.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Stipulations and Jurisdiction</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">October 7,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2019, the parties filed an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Agreed Prehearing Statement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties stipulated the Commission has jurisdiction over this proceeding pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that, at all times relevant to this proceeding, Respondent was an employer engaged in a business and industry affecting interstate commerce within the meaning of Sections 3(3) and 3(5)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 652(5). (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Slingluff</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 425 F.3d 861 (10th Cir. 2005).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Agreed Prehearing Statement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the parties<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">agreed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">several</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>basic jurisdictional and violation-related facts. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In lieu of reproducing all twenty-one stipulations in their entirety, the Court shall refer to individual stipulations as necessary, and in the following form: (“Stip. No. __”). In addition, the stipulations w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ere read into the record. (Tr. 10–12).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">III.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Factual Background</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Respondent’s crews</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On November 6, 2017,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a planned outage was scheduled to take place between 9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a.m. and 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>p.m. to complete the final stages of a three-phase<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">underground<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cable replacement project for the Madison Mill</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>subdivision</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Columbus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ohio (“worksite”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or “site”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Ex. C-2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 671-672</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were to perform the re-cabling of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at least<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30 transformers that fed power to residences in the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 198, 200-201; Ex. C-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Some of the cabling in the ground that was to be replaced was several decades old. (Tr. 152, 897-898).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three crews working at the site on November 6, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: two Underground Residential Division (“URD”) crews and one Overhead Riser<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rew (“Riser<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rew)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 201</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Stip. 10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Zack Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(“Foreman Howard”)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was the foreman of one URD crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and his apprentice was Wayne Evans. (Tr. 201; Stip. 11). For the second URD crew, Mark Bail<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(“Foreman Bail”)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">served as the foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and his apprentice was James Wright. (Tr. 201; Stip. 11). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he Riser crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">comprised</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Jim</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Castle</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“Foreman Castle”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, who</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was the foreman, Tanner Reynolds<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the groundman, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the apprentice. (Tr. 201, 256; Stip. 11; Ex. R-1). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The project required</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he URD</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">crews to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">switch out old primary cable to new primary cable in at least 30 transformers. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-2,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-6).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The new primary cable had already been installed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">underground but</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had not yet been connected. (Ex. C-2 at 1). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Ri</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ser crew’s work was to “wreck out”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(i.e. dismantle)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two riser poles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">build<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">new riser poles</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, one on the southside of the project and one on the northside of the project</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-2,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 47</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This work required a power outage from 9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a.m. to 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:00</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>p.m. at the subdivision. (Stip. 17;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-2,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 202, 369</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>power outage was accomplished<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">through communication between the URD foreman, Zack Howard, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">American Electric Power (“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AEP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the owner of the electrical lines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">67, 335-336,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">368-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">369). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AEP de-energized the lines and equipment through DDC, the central dispatch arm of AEP, and the outage was scheduled to last from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. (Tr. 96, 202, 278</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 879-880</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Outages of six hours in length are common and is the maximum length that AEP can schedule an outage. (Tr. 878). However, outage lengths are unpredictable, and it is possible to request an extension of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>outage</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 879-880). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>After AEP<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">de-energized the lines and equipment,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the two URD crew foremen (Zack Howard and Mark<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ail) and the Riser crew foreman (Jim Castle)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">went</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>over<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>work to be performed. (Tr. 203). After the three foremen met, the crews prepared a Job<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Assessment (“JSA”) and a Job Hazard Analysis (“JHA”). (Tr. 203-204, 357, 854-855; R-21). In the JSA, the crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">typically<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assesses all the risks, assesses what can be done to prevent those risks,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reduces<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">those risks and assessment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to writing, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reviews and signs the JSA. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 203-204</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; R-21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Among other things, the JSA and JHA identified “flashes” and “electrical shock” as potential risks. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1). In addition, the JSA and JHA identified “preventative measures” to address the potential risks, including “use all proper PPE, tools, and rubber gloves.” (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Howard testified he informed Superintendent Barnhart that he was not going to be able to complete the work during the six hours of outage time. (Tr. 208). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard further testified that two weeks into the job the “heat was kind of turned up” on the crew to complete the job. (Tr. 199). Thus, he felt that the crew was under pressure to complete the job. (Tr. 293). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard acknowledged that whether he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oversaw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>all the crews on the site was a “gray area.” (Tr. 207). He understood that he was taking the lead on the other URD crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which Mark Bail was the foreman, but that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“was never really relayed to [him]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his supervision extended to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Riser crew.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 207).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard underst</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d that he was “over the job”, so he surmised that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“maybe [he] was over all the crews working on it.” (Tr. 206-207). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Still, based on Respondent’s own incident report, it appears<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard was only in charge of the 2 URD crews, and that Jim Castle<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oversaw</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the Riser crew. (Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Work at the site</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On November 6, 2017, Respondent’s work at the site began with de-energization of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>270/996 (“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">south riser</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” or “south riser</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 133</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-6 at 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). First,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Castle “pulled the doors” (i.e. removed the fuses) from the north side riser</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and stapled the fuses to the pole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">133-134</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">214</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 366-367</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard then grounded each of the three cable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">phases (A phase, B phase, and C phase)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the first transformer from<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser pole 644/221 (“north riser” or “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">north riser pole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 134</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-135</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>139-140</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">362-364</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-2 at 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C-6 at 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Then,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Howard went to the south riser and removed the fuses, stapled the fuses to the pole, and then put a yellow band around it to secure it. (Tr. 134, 214-215, 366) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-6 at 13). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It was Foreman Howard’s responsibility to bring tags, testers, and grounds for the URD crews, and he testified that he brought those items. (Tr. 209-210). However, it was not Foreman Howard’s responsibility to bring these same items for the Riser crew. (Tr. 210).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard testified that, while he provided tags to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bail and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">oreman Castle, he did not know whether they used any tags on the date of the accident. (Tr. 265). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Howard did not visually verify any tags or grounds that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Castle put in place at the site. (Tr. 211-212). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bail<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not see any tags on the date of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">accident,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and he did not use any tags</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or grounds</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 514). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The two URD crews started at approximately ten transformers down the line from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">north<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser pole. (Tr. 213). Here, they began working their way south by testing, cutting out, and plugging in new cable. (Tr. 213).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The Riser crew started on the south side of the project at the south riser pole.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Ex. C-6 at 2). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The old south riser pole was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dismantled,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a new<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">south<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pole<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was built</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and all three phases of the new south riser pole were energized sometime between approximately 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. (Ex. C-6 at 2; Tr. 232-233)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This energization of the south riser pole served to energize a portion of the loop at the Madison Mills project. (Tr. 380). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard testified he was informed AEP wanted to re-energize half of the development so<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">residents</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were not without power during the winter. (Tr. 239).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Thus, after the Riser crew completed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>its works at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">south<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser pole,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard called Foreman Castle with the Riser crew and gave<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the instruction to “stand clear” as the fuses for each phase were being closed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">thereby supplying power to half of the development. (Tr. 232-234). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At that time, Foreman Howard had not visually verified any tags or grounds put in place by Foreman Castle. (Tr. 211-212). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The initial scope of work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">only required the URD crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to remove the old cable and install new cable for the various transformers. (Tr. 509). During their work,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sometime around 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">however,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the URD crew discovered a transformer needed replacing. (Tr. 380). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he URD crew found<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three additional</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>transformers that needed to be completely replaced. (Tr. 509-510). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard contacted<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Barnhart via cellular telephone to inform him new transformers would be needed. (Tr. 380-381). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">New transformers would be transferred to the project from AEP. (Tr. 381). It generally takes between two to three hours to replace a transformer. (Tr. 702-703).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Foreman Howard and his apprentice, Wayne Evans</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(“Apprentice Evans”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, then began re-cabling the second transformer (“Transformer No. 2”) from the north riser pole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was located in the backyard of a house in the subdivision</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 402</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-24A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, C-6 at 257</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Testimony regarding whether this transformer was tested for voltage varied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard testified that he tested to see if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Transformer No. 2<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was energized, whereas Foreman Bail testified that Transformer No. 2 off the north riser pole was not tested. (Tr. 402, 515). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">While Foreman Howard testified that he could not recall whether the replacement transformer was grounded, he acknowledge</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that neither he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nor A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pprentice Evans tagged the replacement transformer. (Tr. 402, 515). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Foreman Howard was aware that the crew should have grounded and tagged the replacement transformer. (Tr. 230, 257, 263). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s Safety Manual includes an Electrical Grounding Policy that notes the need to tag and ground electrical equipment. (Ex. R-8<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 591-593). In addition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Howard had been trained on the necessity for tagging electrical equipment. (Ex. R-13 at 567). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>After the re</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-energization</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both URD</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crews relocated to the first transformer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">off</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the north riser pole (“Transformer No. 1”). (Tr. 396-397</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 563</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, Foreman Howard used a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trackhoe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to clean some brush</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the area and to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">bring the replacement transformer to the location</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 397</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; 56</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Only Foreman Bail and Apprentice Evans worked on Transformer No. 1. (Tr. 397). A rubber protective blanket had been placed on the primary side of the transformer as a safety device. (Tr. 397-398; Ex. R-3A).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Bail testified that the only way he and Foreman Howard were going to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">finish the job within the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">allotted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>outage time without additional people was to do “hot-swaps.” (Tr. 515-516). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A “hot-swap” is when at least one of the cables in a transformer is energized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the employees isolate it to remove the case. (Tr. 243). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hot-swapping</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the employees wear personal protective equipment, including rubber gloves and sleeves. (Tr. 557). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Until the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">URD crews discovered they had t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o replace four transformers, there was no need to “hot-swap.” (Tr. 557). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Due to the perceived time-constraints,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">however,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they proceeded to conduct a “hot-swap” for Transformer No. 1. (Tr 519). W</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ithout testing or placing grounds, they place</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>one of the new electrical cables in the transformer’s feed-through on Transformer No. 1, which then induced electrical current back to the north riser, where the victim (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) was stripping back new cabling to be installed. (Tr. 399-400, 403, 518-519). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The government’s expert, Dennis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dawsey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, testified that the Riser crew would have been expected to place a ground and tag at the riser pole and at Transformer No. 1 when the riser pole was de-energized. (Tr. 683-684). Here, the Riser crew had not grounded and tagged Transformer No. 1. (Tr. 256</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; 683-684</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Instead, after the re-energization, the Riser crew began working on the north riser pole. At that time, Transformer No. 1 was being fed power from Transformer No. 2. The URD crews were unaware of where<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Riser crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">located<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">relative to the line and were unaware that, when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the URD crews</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>began to work on Transformer No. 1, it was energized and transferring power to the lines where the Riser crew was working. (Tr. 256</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. C-6 at 261</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-262</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was installing an insulator (known as a “pothead”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when he picked up an energized line</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nsulator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was shocked with 7,650 volts of electricity, causing second-degree and third-degree burns. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. C-1, C-6, Tr. 91). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA’s expert, Dennis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dawsey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, testified that the URD</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>moved the cable in Transformer No. 1 from the bushing</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>position to the feed-through position, which energized the cable that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was holding. (Tr. 706). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Bail called Foreman Howard and informed him that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been electrocuted and injured. (Tr. 251, 519; Ex. C-6 at 257). Foreman Howard then told the URD crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at Transformer No. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to put everything back the way it was (thus, to undo everything that had been done) and he went to the north riser pole area where the accident occurred. (Ex. C-6 at 257-258</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; 404</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Manipulation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">/Alteration</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>of evidence</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>after the accident</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">At the north riser pole area, Foreman Howard told Foreman Bail (who is also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>brother-in-law) to “get in” the truck with him, and they both then left the north riser pole area and traveled to Transformer No. 2. (Tr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>405-406). The remainder of the URD crew was left at Transformer No. 1. At Transformer No. 2, Foreman Howard and Foreman Bail<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">opened the transformer box. (Tr. 406-407). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">They could see immediately that it was not grounded. (Tr. 407, 576-578). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard then use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a “shotgun stick” to unplug the primary feeds from Transformer No. 2 and “stood it off”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>thus preventing the transfer of electricity to Transformer No. 1. (Tr. 407-478, 578). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard also placed a red-colored hold tag</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on Transformer No. 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 408). Foreman Howard tested and grounded Transformer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 2, and then he closed the transformer cabinet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 408). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard provided a statement to Respondent during its investigation in which he stated that the URD crew tested Transformer No. 1 before beginning the process of replacement. (Tr. 413-414). However, as discussed above, this statement was inaccurate. (Tr. 414). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Superintendent Barnhart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Mike Bell from AEP went to the site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to participate in the post-accident investigation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 409</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 892-894</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard did not tell Superintendent Barnhart or anyone at the scene that he had altered the setup of Transformer No. 2. (Tr. 409-410). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">During the course of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the post-accident investigation by Respondent, someone suggested that perhaps the accident occurred due to a “back-feed.” (Tr. 416-417).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Foreman Howard supported the “back-feed” theory. (Tr 417). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Apprentice Evans testified he informed Foreman Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Transformer No. 1 must have been energized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because when he plugged the bushing into the feed-through, it energized back to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s location. (Tr. 833). In response, Foreman Howard told him: “you keep that to yourself.” (Tr. 833-834).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Eventually,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s president, John Ney, asked Foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Howard specifically whether he had done anything with respect to Transformer No. 2. (Tr. 425). Foreman Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">told him “no,” which Foreman Howard admitted at trial was a lie. (Tr. 426). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As part of its investigation of the accident, OSHA also interviewed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard and Foreman Bail.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The CSHO met with Foreman Howard at a restaurant and interviewed him. (Tr. 111). During this interview, Foreman Howard did not tell the CSHO that he and Foreman Bail<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">altered the scene, and specifically did not tell the CSHO that they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">went back to Transformer No. 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>after the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, opened the transformer cabinet, and placed grounds on the transformer. (Tr. 112). He also did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tell the CSHO during that interview that he had put tags on Transformer No. 2 after the accident. (Tr. 112). However, after this meeting, Foreman Howard informed the CSHO of his manipulation of the evidence. (Tr. 113-114). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Foreman Bail<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">lied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">during its</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>investigation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by stating</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the cable at Transformer No. 2 was in “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stand off</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.” (Tr. 522-523).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">6</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> He explained he had the opportunity to discuss the matter with Foreman Howard, who informed him what<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually occurred</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Thus, Foreman Bail testified that “I made my story match his.” (Tr. 523). Both Foreman Howard and Foreman Bail were terminated from their positions with Respondent. (Tr. 418, 420;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-4, R-5). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">IV.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Discussion</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Applicable Law</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of an OSHA standard pursuant to 5(a)(2), Complainant must establish (1) the standard applies; (2) the terms of the standard were violated; (3) employees were exposed to the hazard covered by the standard, and (4) the employer had actual or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constructive knowledge of the violation (i.e., the employer knew or, with the exercise of reasonable diligence, could have known of the violative condition). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Atlantic Battery Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#010101; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC 2131, 2138 (No. 90-1747, 1994).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant has the burden of establishing each element by a preponderance of the evidence.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Hartford Roofing Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1361 (No. 92-3855, 1995). “Preponderance of the evidence” has been defined as:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:16px; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The greater weight of the evidence, not necessarily established by the greater number of witnesses testifying to a fact<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">but by evidence that has the most convincing force</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; superior evidentiary weight that, though not sufficient to free the mind wholly from all reasonable doubt, is still sufficient to incline a fair and impartial mind to one side of the issue rather than the other. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Black’s Law Dictionary, “Preponderance of the Evidence” (10th ed. 2014) (emphasis added). </span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation 1, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>(29 C.F.R.<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">§<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">1926.961(b)(4)(ii))</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Standard Applies</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="text-indent:.508cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant alleged a serious violation of the Act in Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 1 as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1926.961(b)(4)(ii): Each crew shall independently comply with this section and, if there is no system operator in charge of the lines or equipment, shall have separate tags and coordinate deenergizing and reenergizing the lines and equipment with the other crews:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:0cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On or before November 6, 2017, where employees were preparing an electrical cable for the installation of a pothead, the riser crew and the underground residential distribution crew did not independently ground and tag the cable when deenergizing and reenergizing the system, resulting in the hospitalization of an employee due to the resulting shock.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>6). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The application subparagraph of this section identifies under what circumstances the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard applies:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Application.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> This section applies to the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment for the purpose of protecting employees. Conductors and parts of electric equipment that have been deenergized under procedures other than those required by this section shall be treated as energized.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.961(a). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he record establishes Respondent was engaged in the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 68-69, 133-134, 161). Thus, 29 C.F.R. § 1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">961</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>applies to the work conducted by Respondent at the site. The specific subparagraph (b)(4)(ii) simply notes the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manner in which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a party must comply when there is “no system operator.” Thus, while the standard applies, the central question is whether Respondent complied with subparagraph (b)(4)(ii). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">V</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">iolation of the standard</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties have cited to no cases interpreting 29 C.F.R. § 1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">961</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>generally or its subparagraphs specifically, and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt has located no cases addressing the standard. Based on a plain re</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ding of the standard, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wo requirements for compliance exist within subparagraph (b)(4)(ii). First, an employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s crews</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must “independently comply with [the] section.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.961(b)(4)(ii). This general requirement must be met by any employer irrespective of whether there exists a “system operator in charge of the lines and equipment.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Second, if there is no “system operator,” each crew of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employer must “have separate tags and coordinate deenergizing and reenergizing the lines and equipment with the other crews.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Thus, this second requirement for compliance is needed only when there is no “system operator.” Conversely, if there is a “system operator,” although an employer must comply with subparagraph (b)(4)(ii), in particular the general<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">obligation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to “independently comply with this section,” compliance can be achieved without the secondary requirement. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A “system operator” is defined as “[a] qualified person designated to operate the system or its parts.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.968.</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Each crew shall independently comply with the section</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Neither party has presented arguments on whether Respondent met the first part of this standard for each crew to “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">independently comply with this section.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the citation-items issued in this case, the government suggests such a violation, as it cited Respondent for a violation of a subsection of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.961 in Item 2 of the Citations. That is, since the government cited Respondent for an alleged violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.961(c)(2) in Item 2, if such violation is affirmed, a violation of § 1926.961(b)(4)(ii) in Item 1 would necessarily follow as it would mean a crew did not independently comply with § 1926.961. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Moreover, even absent a violation of Item 2, the violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cited</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clear</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The crews started work as two independent crews: that is, the two URD crews<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">served<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as one unit and the Riser crew<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">served<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as another unit. (Tr. 684). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Riser crew had the responsibility to ground from the riser pole to Transformer No. 1, yet it failed to identify grounds and tags within the work zone before the start of work. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). The two URD crews were responsible for grounding the transformers as they proceeded through the day. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). Indeed, Superintendent Barnhart admitted that it was the responsibility of every employee to verify that protected grounds are in place. (Tr. 934). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t was the responsibility of the two URD crews and the Riser crew to ground or to verify grounds were in place. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). Thus, one of the two independent crews would place grounds while the other independent crew would visually verify the grounds were placed. (Tr. 934-935). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Unquestionably, 29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.961 requires an employer to install protective grounds. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>29 C.F.R. § 1926.962(c)(7). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the crews onsite failed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ground, and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>verify that grounds were placed, the crews failed to independently comply with<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.961.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">System operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">posttrial<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">brief, the government argues that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">record<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is devoid<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of any evidence of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a system operator.” (Comp. Brief at 19). It further argues that, even if AEP was the system operator, Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failed to identify the person it placed in charge of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clearance and compliance with testing, grounding and tagging as referenced in 29 [C.F.R.] 1926.961</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[(c)]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(5-7).” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, contrary to the government’s assertion, the evidence at trial demonstrates that AEP was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at least<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">considered the system operator by the foreman on site at the accident (Foreman Howard)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent Barnhart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard agreed that AEP was the system operator on direct and cross-examination. (Tr. 335-336, 355, 465). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Likewise, Superintendent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Barnhart</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that AEP was the system operator. (Tr. 899).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dennis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dawsey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the government’s retained expert</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>witness</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, likewise<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">acknowledged that Respondent’s investigation report (Ex. C-6) noted AEP as the system operator. (Tr. 671</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">: “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It identifies AEP, American Electric Power as the customer and system operator.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n his direct examination, the government’s expert<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">witness<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">again referred to AEP as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the system operator when being questioned on how to switch cables and energize safely:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   How are you allowed to safely switch?  How</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is it performed?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> A.   The first step is, you know, re-energize</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the scenario is to communicate with all crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">members out there that were about to start</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">energizing equipment.  </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">So</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>communication is first.  </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Second is to go in reverse order and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">remove your grounds, remove your tags in your work</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">zone.  </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">And then you communicate with the operator<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">-- system operator, which would have been AEP,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inform them that you</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">re ready to re-energize and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work through the conversation of how that will</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occur so they</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">re aware of your re-energizing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">process.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 693-694) (emphasis added).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The government argues that it is undisputed that there were multiple crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>working on the same equipment and power lines at the subdivision on November 6, 2017, and that this establishes the standard at issue applies. (Comp. Brief at 20). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">By the plain language in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subparagraph (b)(4)(ii),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a violation of the second requirement in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1926.961(b)(4)(ii) only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occurs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>when “there is no system operator in charge of the lines or equipment”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the employer’s crew do not have separate tags and coordinate deenergizing and reenergizing the lines and equipment with the other crews. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">While Respondent’s foremen considered AEP as the system operator, and although the government’s expert witness referred to AEP as the system operator, those statements alone do not establish that AEP was a “system operator” under the standard. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The preamble to 29 C.F.R. § 1926.961</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">explains the difference between a system under control of a system operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and a system that is not under centralized control:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Some systems are under the direction of a central system operator who controls all switching operations. Other systems (mostly distribution installations) are not under any centralized control. Electric utilities energize and deenergize these systems in the field without the direct intervention of a system operator.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Paragraph (b)(1) of the final rule states that employers must designate one employee in the crew as being in charge of the clearance and must comply with all of the requirements of paragraph (c) if a system operator is in charge of the lines and equipment and of their means of disconnection. (Paragraph (c), which OSHA discusses in detail later, sets procedures that employers must follow when deenergizing lines and equipment.) OSHA is adopting final paragraph (b)(1) as proposed with one clarification. This provision in the final rule makes clear that the employer must designate the employee in charge of the clearance. Final paragraph (c)(1) requires the “designated” employee in charge to request the clearance, and final paragraph (b)(2) (described in the next paragraph in this preamble) requires the employer to designate the employee in charge when there is no system operator. </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA included an explicit requirement in final paragraph (b)(1) that the employer designate the employee in charge when there is a system operator to clarify that designating the employee in charge is the employer's responsibility whether or not there is a system operator.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . .</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Final paragraph (b)(4)(ii) </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provides for the situation in which more than one independent crew is working on the same line or equipment. Under the final rule, in such circumstances: (1) Each crew must follow separately the steps outlined in final paragraph (c); and, (2) if there is no system operator in charge of the lines or equipment, each crew must have separate tags and coordinate deenergizing and reenergizing the lines and equipment with the other crews. </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The purpose of the provision is to ensure that a group of workers does not make faulty assumptions about what steps another group took or will take to deenergize and reenergize lines or equipment.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">79 Fed. Reg.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20316,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20503 (Apr. 11, 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Certainly, here, Respondent’s foremen considered AEP as the system operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Similarly,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the government’s expert referred to AEP as a system operator</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>during a portion of his testimony</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. However, the evidence shows that AEP was not in control of “all switching operations,” and that Respondent would “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">energize and deenergize these systems in the field without the direct interventio</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n” of AEP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The preamble makes clear that the purpose of the standard is to ensure coordinated deenergizing and reenergizing of lines and equipment when there are multiple crews and there is no system operator controlling all switching operations. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">79 Fed. Reg.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20316,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20503 (Apr. 11, 2014). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The condition that the standard seeks to avoid is precisely the scenario in this case: multiple crews deenergizing and energizing equipment and lines without the direct intervention of a system operator in control of all switching operations. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the Court finds that the government has met its burden of establishing that Respondent violated this standard. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employee exposure to the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The evidence in this case establishes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were exposed to electrical hazards from the failure to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">comply with the requirements in § 1926.961.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The employees were required to test, ground, and tag equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> These measures were required because of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical hazards present and the employees’ proximity to the hazards. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, the injury sustained in this case by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>evinces the exposure to Respondent’s employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the employees were exposed to the hazard identified in this citation-item.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employer knowledge of the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary maintains that Respondent had actual knowledge of the violative condition through the knowledge of its foremen on site. (Comp. Brief at 22). As support for this contention, the government notes Forem</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n Howard knew that the URD crew was supposed to test, ground, and tag the transformers the crews worked on, but that he was taught by other forem</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n that deviating from safety standards when in a rush was acceptable. (Comp. Brief at 22-23). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary further argues that Foreman Castle also failed to test, tag, and ground. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition, the Secretary argues that even if the company did not have actual knowledge of the violative condition, Respondent could have known of the failure to ground due to the company’s own safety policy requiring a grounding plan. (Comp. Brief at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">24</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Specifically, the Secretary states that, since there was no approved grounding plan for the work at the site and as the employees were pressured to rush to complete the work, it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was reasonably expected that employees would deviate from Respondent’s safety policy and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violate the standard. (Comp. Brief at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">23-24</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The question of whether a supervisor’s own misconduct can be imputed to an employer is one fraught with contention. The Commission has held that a supervisor’s knowledge of their own malfeasance constitutes knowledge that is imputable to the employer. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 16 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1281, 1993 O.S.H. Dec. (CCH) P 30148, 1993 WL 275823 (OSHRC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1993). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Accord, Dana Container, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 25 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1776, 2015 WL 7459426 (OSHRC 2015). However, several circuit courts of appeal have taken contrary positions.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent points out that it may appeal to one of three circuit courts under the Act: the circuit in which the violation occurred, the circuit in which Respondent’s principal office is located, and the District of Columbia Circuit. (Resp. Brief at 19 n.25). Thus, Respondent suggests that this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt should apply the Fourth Circuit’s precedent as Respondent is headquartered in Cloverdale, Virginia. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the Fourth Circuit, a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>supervisor’s misconduct must be foreseeable for a violation to be imputed to the employer. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ocean Elec. Corp. v. Sec. of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 594 F.2d 396 (4th Cir. 1979). In contrast, the Sixth Circuit, in agreeing with the Commission’s decision, has found that a supervisor’s own violation may be imputed to the employer. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Danis</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">-Shook Joint Venture XXV v. Sec. of Labor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 319 F.3d 805, 812 (6th Cir. 2003). The District of Columbia Circuit has not yet issued an opinion on the issue. Thus, Respondent argues that the law to apply is dependent on the circuit to which the case may be appealed. (Resp. Brief at 19 n.25). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Where it is highly probable that a Commission decision would be appealed to a particular circuit, the Commission has generally applied</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that circuit’s precedent in deciding a case, even though it may differ from the Commission’s precedent.”.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bros. Tree<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Srvc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 2064, 2067 (No. 96-1719, 2000), 2000 WL 294514 at *4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>However, here, unlike in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Kerns Bros</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">. Tree<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Srvc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, there is no clear indication to where any appeal would be taken. While Respondent suggests an appeal would be made in the Fourth Circuit, Respondent of course does not speak for the government, which may bring an appeal elsewhere, such as in either the Sixth<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Circuit or the District of Columbia Circuit. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When differences in the law exist between relevant circuits,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Commission may apply its own precedent. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1981247035&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Ia1b3e00d935911e5a795ac035416da91&refType=CA&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Bethlehem Steel Corp.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDRI45X2MWYUDKFJHPCCEOQE2SYPMBX1XJT3CWBQNPIBVME1IKJHOC">, 9 BNA OSHC 1346</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1349n.12 (No. 76-3444, 1981) (consolidated); </span><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Raybestos</span><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; "> Friction Materials Co.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; ">, 9 BNA OSHC 1141,1143 (No. 80-2793</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1980)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Based on Commission precedent, a supervisor’s knowledge of their own malfeasance is imputable to the employer. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover Elevator Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 16 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1281, 1993 O.S.H. Dec. (CCH) P 30148, 1993 WL 275823. The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>foremen of the crews in this case failed to independently comply with § 1926.961. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The foremen were certainly aware of their own conduct and their failure to take these necessary steps. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent directed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>crews to the worksite and thus was aware that multiple crews were working on equipment and lines. Further, although Respondent’s foremen considered AEP as a system operator, the foremen knew that their respective crews were energizing and deenergizing the systems in the field without the direct intervention of AEP. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, Respondent had actual knowledge of the violations as imputed by the knowledge of the foremen. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In addition, even if the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt applied Fourth Circuit precedent to this issue, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the violations by Respondent’s foremen were foreseeable</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Foreman Bail had been in his position as a foreman for only one day prior to the accident. In addition, the crews were under time constraints, were behind schedule, needed additional help to complete the project in the allotted time, and were aware that the superintendent was dissatisfied with the delay.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The company’s primary method for supervising foremen was through safety audits. (Tr. 908). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, the company only conducted site safety<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">audits</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>once per month.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> There was testimony on the duration of the safety audits. Foreman Howard indicated the safety audits lasted from one to three hours, and Superintendent Barnhart stated that they could last up to five<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hours. (Tr. 351-352, 909). However, Foreman Bail testified that the safety audits lasted only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">minutes. (Tr. 531).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Superintendent Barnhart indicated that the company disciplined employees for safety policy violations, (Tr. 873), and he specifically testified that employees are disciplined for not testing if equipment is energized and for not grounding, (Tr. 874). However, despite working for Respondent for fifteen years, including serving as a foreman, general foreman, and superintendent, he later testified that he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was unaware of any incident in which employees or foremen did not test or ground. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 948). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, he admitted that he had never disciplined an</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employee for failing to test, tag, or ground equipment. (Tr. 933-934). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that Respondent’s safety program was lacking. There is a dearth of formal disciplinary records for work rule violations pertaining to electrical hazards. Most of the disciplinary records for the years 2015 through 2018 (prior to the accident) concerned drug and/or alcohol offenses, tardiness and absenteeism, or violations discovered after an accident or damage to property. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See generally</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12). Of the approximately 238 pages of disciplinary records admitted into evidence, only approximately 16 pages related to safety violations discovered without an apparent accident or property damage. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9 at 2, 49; R-10 at 98, 103-104, 106, 111, 144-145; R-11 at 183, 187, 191, 212, 222, 225-226). Of these, only three concerned work rule violations related to electrical hazards. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-10 at 103, 106, 144-145). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The adequacy of a safety program is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dependent on a variety of factors, including<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">amount of job-training received by supervisors, employee competence and experience, safety records, practicality of supervision, and degree of dangerous and hazardous work</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Here, the electrical work being conducted was highly dangerous, and one of the supervisors onsite had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been a supervisor for only one day. In addition, Foreman Bail was only vaguely familiar with the grounding policy, did not receive any additional training once he became a foreman, and was not aware of the tagging policy. (Tr. 512-513). Further</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>no grounding plan existed for the job on the site and the JSA/JHA did not mention grounding or tagging to eliminate hazards. (Tr. 211; Ex. R-21). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n consideration of this evidence, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that Respondent’s safety program was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inadequate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and that Respondent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">knew or could<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have known of the violati</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ve condition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">through the exercise of reasonable diligence.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Accordingly, Citation 1, Item 1 is affirmed. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation 1, Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>(29 C.F.R. § 1926.961(c)(2)</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Standard Applies</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For Citation 1, Item 2, Complainant alleges a serious violation of the Act as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 CFR 1926.962(c)(2): Open disconnecting means. The employer shall ensure that all switches, disconnectors, jumpers, taps, and other means through which known sources of electric energy may be supplied to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particular lines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and equipment to be deenergized are open. The employer shall render such means inoperable, unless its design does no</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>so permit, and then ensure that such means are tagged to indicate that employees are at work:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a. On or before November 6, 2017, where employees were preparing an electrical cable for the installation of a pothead, the disconnecting means in the loop were not open, had not been made inoperable, and were not tagged, which resulted in serious injuries and hospitalization of an employee from electrical shock.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>7).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent argues that the specific subparagraph cited, 29 C.F.R. § 1926.962(c)(2), does not apply as the cabling was not “particular lines and equipment to be deenergized.” (Resp. Brief at 15). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent maintains that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AVD<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the citation identifies the “cable for the installation of a pothead,” but that this is not actually “particular lines and equipment to be deenergized.” (Resp. Brief at 15). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent further argues that the standard applies only for “known sources of electrical energy [that] may be supplied to the particular lines and equipment.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). Thus, Respondent reasons that the standard does not apply, as Respondent claims the two URD crew</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the Riser crew were unaware that there were any sources of electricity that could run from Transformer No. 1 to the cabling that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was stripping. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. at 15-16). </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>However, Respondent’s argument</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>relate to whether a violation exists, not whether the standard itself applies. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As explained in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>IV(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the requirements under 29 C.F.R. § 1926.621 apply<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment for the purpose of protecting employees.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.621(a).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, the evidence demonstrates Respondent was engaged in the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 68-69, 133-134, 161). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, 29 C.F.R. § 1926.621 applies to the work conducted by Respondent at the site. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he specific subparagraph (c)(2)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">simply<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">notes additional requirement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for compliance<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">placed on an employer under the section as it relates to deenergizing lines and equipment. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Thus, here, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the standard applies. However, the question of whether there was a “known source of electrical energy” is still a crucial one as it relates to whether Respondent violated the standard.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">V</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">iolation of t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">he standard</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">“Known sources of electric energy”</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The standard at issue is under the construction standards. Neither party has cited to any case interpreting this standard and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt has been unable to locate any such case. However, a similar standard exists under the general industry standards, specifically 29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.269(m)(3)(ii), which has been addressed in other trials before the Commission. That general<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">industry standard provides as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The employer shall ensure that all switches, disconnectors, jumpers, taps, and other means through which known sources of electric energy may be supplied to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particular lines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and equipment to be deenergized are open. The employer shall render such means inoperable, unless its design does not so permit, and then ensure that such means are tagged to indicate that employees are at work.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.269(m)(3)(ii). In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Pike Electric, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the administrative law judge determined that the salient question of whether there was a violation rested on whether the generator at issue was a “known” source of energy. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Pike Electric, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 21 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 2153, 2007 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 32917, 2008 WL 962965 at *6. While the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt is not bound by the rationale in this decision, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds the reasoning persuasive. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent argues the URD crews and the Riser crew were unaware of any sources of electricity that could run from Transformer No. 1 to the cabling<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had stripped. (Comp. Brief 15-16). Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>contends Complainant must prove<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actual knowledge of sources of electric energy for there to be a violation. This is a narrow view of the word “known.” While the employees may not have had specific knowledge that sources of electricity could run from Transformer No. 1, the employees (including the foremen) certainly should have known of the potential for such electric energy.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">7</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Indeed, Respondent’s safety policy requires testing, tagging, and grounding. These measures are in place to address such potentialities. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, Foreman Castle has previously energized the south riser pole, and thus he was aware part of the system was energized. (Ex. C-4<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 687)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, there was the potential for a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“back-feed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,” in which a home portable generator connected to a house could feed electricity back through the cables. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Tr. 136-137, 770-772</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 892-893,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">8</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent prepared a JHA, which identified risks including “electrical shocks.” (Ex. R-21).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Given the work being performed, Respondent should have known of the sources of electric energy for purposes of compliance with the standard. While the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the sources of electric energy were “known” as it relates to compliance with the standard, this does not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">remove</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the government</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">obligation to establish knowledge by Respondent of the hazardous conditions cited. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-style:normal; padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Particular lines and equipment to be<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">energized”</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Even if there were “known sources of electric energy,”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent argues<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the AVD in the citation identifies the “cable for the installation of a pothead”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(i.e. an insulator),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but that this is not actually “particular lines and equipment to be deenergized.” (Resp. Brief at 15). Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues that the specific subparagraph cited, 29 C.F.R. § 1926.962(c)(2), does not apply as the cabling was not “particular lines and equipment to be deenergized.” (Resp. Brief at 15). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The term “equipment” as it pertains to electric equipment is “[a] general term including material, fittings, devices, appliance, fixtures, apparatus, and the like used as part of or in connection with an electrical installation.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.968. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cable for the installation of the insulator/pothead fits within this broad definition of “equipment.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in part,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">question is whether the cable for the installation of the insulator was to be deenergized.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">9</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent argues that the cable had never been energized, and thus could not be deenergized.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>According to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Bail</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cable had never been energized:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Was the cable that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was holding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">one of the new cables that had been bored into the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">earth and was read</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to be affixed to the north</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">riser?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.  </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">So that was a cable that had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">never before</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">een energized, correct?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:76px; text-indent:-.741cm; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.741cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; padding-right:20px;">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Correct.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.  It was a cable that eventually, as the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work had progressed, was going to be energized</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  Correct.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 597</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition, Tanner Reynold’s testimony reflects that the first time the cable that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>held became energized was at the time of the accident. (Tr. 848).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Superintendent Barnhart also testified that the cables that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been working on throughout the day were not energized prior to the accident. (Tr. 898-899). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO likewise acknowledged that the cabling that was held by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time of the accident had never been energized:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Now, the cabling that was being held by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">back at the riser area, that was new</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cabling, correct?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  <span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   That cabling had never been energized</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">before the event that happened here?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  <span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   It was cabling that in the future,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">h</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">opefully, was going to be energized once it got</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hooked at the riser, correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  <span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   Now, there came a point in time, once the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">south riser had been wrecked out and rebuilt and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">recabled</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>up, that part of the Madison Mills loop</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was energized, correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.  <span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 152-154).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Similarly, the government’s expert witness testified that the cable that was held by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the riser pole at the time of the accident was newly laid cable, had never been energized, and was to be energized in the future. (Tr. 786). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Certainly, the AVD of the citation notes that employees were preparing an electrical cable for installation of a pothead. However, irrespective of whether the specific cable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>held had never been energized,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a violation exists as it pertains to the citation-item if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any equipment or other means</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(not just the cable being worked on by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>through which known sources of electricity could be supplied to lines and equipment to be deenergized. If so, a violation of the standard would be shown, although the question of employee exposure to the hazard would remain</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:line-through ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he government’s brief is silent on the issue of whether the equipment identified in the citation-item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the AVD<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was to be deenergized. Rather, the government summarily argues that “[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">]n the process of confirming that active power lines are de-energized the crews would need to confirm the power source was inoperable by testing it, grounding it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">and placing a tag</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to alert others there was work going on in the area.” (Comp. Brief at 26). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There is no question that the cable that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worked on was energized, resulting in his injury. However, upon review of the record, it is equally clear that the cable he worked on was not “to be deenergized” as it was new cable that had never been energized before</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the time of the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. This finding is supported by the testimony of numerous witnesses, including the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testimony of Foreman Bail, Superintendent Barnhart, the CSHO, and the government’s own testifying<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">expert witness</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insisting that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the “new cable”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">being worked on by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was somehow<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">distinct f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rom all other equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to which it was attached<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">strains the purpose of the standard and the Act. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">While t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he AVD in the Citation notes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that “employees were preparing an electrical cable,” the AVD further explains that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violative condition as<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disconnecting means in the loop were not open,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had not been made inoperable, and were not tagged.” Thus, the AVD<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">does<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">isolate the violative condition to merely the cable being handled by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at the time.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Foreman Howard provided the following explanation of the URD crews’ work relating to the transformers: </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">So</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>this is a transformer after the old</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cable has been removed.  So our job to switch over,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as we call it, is you go to each span of cable, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">old cable that is before and after, say, this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">transformer -- so the transformer before this and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the transformer after this -- and you unplug the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cable, test it, ground it, make sure that it is not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-- there's no energy in this transformer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whatsoever.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">After you do so, you go back to this<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">transformer, you pull off each individual – you<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">know, you pull off H1A, you put it in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">feed-through, and then you test it with a TAG 200<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">test to make sure there</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s no voltage present, and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">then you plug the ground into it to take it to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ground potential, zero volts.  </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">And then once that is at ground<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">potential, you can take a pair of cable cutters<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">down at the very bottom of the transformer, at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">base of the ground, and you can ratchet-cut the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cable in two, unplug it, discard it.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">And then the cable<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>due to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">replace it, the brand-new cable, jacket and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">concentric cable, you plug it into the transformer<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">itself to replace that span that you just cut out.</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Courier; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Courier; font-size:11pt; "><br/></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 221-222</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">) (referencing Ex. R-3A)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the new cable itself is being plugged into equipment that needs to be deenergized. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, as the new cable that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>held was clearly energized, the equipment to which it was attached was likewise energized. Respondent’s argument that new cable was separate from other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“particul</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ar lines and equipment to be deenergized” fails. This new cable was part of a whole. Whether viewed as new cabling attached to energized sources that should have been deenergized or whether viewed as part of the energized source itself is an abstract discussion that misses the salient point. Employees working with such cabling must also work with the equipment to which it is attached, and as that equipment must be deenergized, it constitutes “particular lines and equipment to be deenergized.”<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Further, Respondent found during its internal investigation that the only tags placed on the site were placed on Transformer No. 2 by Foreman Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">after</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the injury. (Tr. 936-937). Foreman Howard assumed that the URD crews had placed tags, but he never verified the placement of tags on the jobsite. (Tr. 367, 402). Foreman Bail likewise did not use tags. (Tr. 514). Moreover, the Riser crew did not place tags on the site, and Foreman Castle did<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not personally</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>test or verify grounds. (Tr. 259, 300-301, Ex. R-1). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In view of the foregoing, the Court finds that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the government has<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">met its<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">burden of showing that Respondent has violated the standard at issue.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employee exposure to the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Given the failure to tag lines and equipment in violation of the standard, Respondent’s employees were exposed to an electrical hazard. The employees were working in proximity to electrical equipment that should have been deenergized. Yet, the crews failed to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">deenergize<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">means through which known sources of electrical energy could be supplied and failed to ensure that such means were tagged to indicate that employees were at work. Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s injury demonstrates the exposure to Respondent’s employees. Accordingly, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the employees were exposed to the hazard identified in this citation-item.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employer knowledge of the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As discussed in part IV(B)(4),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the government has met its burden of showing that Respondent had knowledge of the violative condition. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s foremen were aware of their own actions and inactions, and thus had knowledge that the equipment and other means through which electricity could be supplied were not rendered<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inoperable, and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were aware that such means were not tagged. Indeed, the foremen knew that no tags were placed on the jobsite. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he only tags</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>used were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>placed on Transformer No. 2 by Foreman Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">after</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the injury to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 936-937). Foreman Bail and Foreman Castle likewise did not place tags.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 259, 300-301, 514, Ex. R-1. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Moreover, even absent actual knowledge of the condition, Respondent had constructive knowledge of the condition. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See generally</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">p</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">art IV(B)(4),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Accordingly, the government has met its burden of establishing Respondent’s knowledge of the violative condition.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">D.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Citation 1, Item 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>(29 C.F.R. § 1926.962(b))</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant alleged a serious violation of the Act in Citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 3 as follows:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">General. For any employee to work transmission and distribution lines or equipment as deenergized, the employer shall ensure that the lines or equipment are deenergized under the provisions of </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1000547&cite=29CFRS1926.961&originatingDoc=N43386780C38A11E3A9D8C2E4FA2E78F5&refType=VP&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Document)"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1926.961</span></a><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> and shall ensure proper grounding of the lines or equipment as specified in paragraphs (c) through (h) of this section. However, if the employer can demonstrate that installation of a ground is impracticable or that the conditions resulting from the installation of a ground would present greater hazards to employees than working without grounds, the lines and equipment may be treated as deenergized provided that the employer establishes that all of the following conditions apply:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:48px; text-indent:0cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On or before November 6, 2017, where employees were preparing electrical cables for the installation of potheads, the ends of the cables were not grounded at the transformer, resulting in the connection of the cable at the transformer, resulting in the hospitalization of an employee as a result of the electrical shock.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>8).</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Standard Applies</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>This standard</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s application section states that “[t]h</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is section applies to grounding of transmission and distribution lines and equipment for the purpose of protecting employees.” 29 C.F.R. § 1962.962(a). The evidence<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">establishes that Respondent was engaged in the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 68-69, 133-134, 161). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, the evidence reflects that AEP deenergized the lines and equipment, and then both URD crews and the Riser crew went over the work to be performed. (Tr. 203). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As part of this process, Respondent’s crews must ground and tag the lines. Foreman Howard acknowledged that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the crews were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to tag, ground, and test<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the transformers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on which</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the crews were working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 230).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>While this standard provides that an employer may demonstrate that installation of grounds is impracticable or would pose a greater hazard, Respondent has neither asserted nor made such a showing. Accordingly, the standard applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Alleged violation of the standard</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>As proof of Respondent’s noncompliance with the standard, the government argues that Respondent had a policy requiring<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">grounding but</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to comply with it. (Comp. Brief at 30-31). </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">However, a failure to follow the company’s policy does not establish a violation of the standard here. Rather, the government must show that, for employees working transmission and distribution lines or equipment as deenergized, Respondent failed to ensure that the lines or equipment are deenergized</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and grounded</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.962(b)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Neither<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Foreman Bail use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>grounds. Foreman Howard acknowledged he was responsible for and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">brought</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>grounds for the URD crews, (Tr. 209-210, 334), but<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he never placed grounds</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on the lines or equipment before work began. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 363). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Similarly, Foreman Bail testified that he did not use grounds on the date of the accident. (Tr. 514).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent’s internal investigation of the incident also found that no grounds were used. (Ex. C-6 at 260</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-261</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent Barnhart acknowledged that it was the responsibility of both URD crews and the Riser crew to ground or verify grounds at the jobsite. (Tr. 934</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-935</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In view of this evidence, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the government has shown that the standard was violated.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employee exposure to the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The evidence in this case establishes<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were exposed to electrical hazards<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because they failed t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">o ensure lines and equipment were deenergized and grounded.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The employees were required to test, ground, and tag equipment, and to use the necessary personal protective equipment such as rubber gloves and blankets. These measure</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were required because of the electrical hazards presen</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t and the employees’ proximity to the hazards.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that the employees were exposed to the hazard identified in this citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Employer knowledge of the violative condition</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary maintains that Respondent had actual knowledge of the violative condition through the knowledge of its foremen on site. (Comp. Brief at 32). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As support for this contention, the government notes that the foremen failed to test, ground, and tag equipment, and that each foreman’s own knowledge is imputed to Respondent. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In addition, the Secretary argues that even if the company did not have actual knowledge of the violative condition, Respondent could have known of the failure to ground due to the company’s own safety policy requiring a grounding plan. (Comp. Brief at 32). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Specifically, the Secretary states</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">since</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>there was no approved grounding plan for the work at the site and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employees were pressured to rush to complete the work, it was expected that employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“might take a shortcut” and thus violate the standard. (Comp. Brief at 32-33).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For the reasons discussed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in part IV(B)(4),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">irrespective of whether precedent from the Fourth Circuit or the Sixth Circuit is applied, the knowledge of the foremen in this case is imputed to Respondent. Accordingly, the Court finds that Respondent knew or could have know</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the presence of the violation through the exercise of reasonable diligence.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">E.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">The violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>serious</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Under section 17(k) of the Act, for a violation to be properly classified as “serious,” there must be “a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result.” 29 U.S.C. § 666(k)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant need not show that there was a substantial probability that an accident would<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actually occur</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rather, the government<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">need</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">show that if an accident occurred, serious physical harm could result. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Phelps Dodge Corp. v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 725 F.2d 1237, 1240 (9th Cir. 1984). If the possible injury addressed by a regulation is death or serious physical harm, a violation of the regulation is serious. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Mosser Construction</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 1044 (No. 08-0631, 2010);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dec-Tam Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 2072 (No. 88-0523, 1993).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at issue result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in the victim receiving a significant electrical shock, which caused both second-degree and third-degree burns.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s are</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>properly classified as serious. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">F.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Affirmative Defense of Employee Misconduct</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Respondent contends that the citations should be vacated due to the employee misconduct defense. (Resp. Brief at 21-31). In order to prevail on a claim of unpreventable employee<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">misconduct, Respondent must show: (1) it has established work rules designed to prevent the violation; (2) it has adequately communicated those rules to its employees; (3) it has taken steps to discover violations of the rules; and (4) it must effectively enforce the rules when violations are detected.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Am. Eng’g & Dev. Corp.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 2093, 2096–97 (No. 10-0359, 2012). In other words, it is incumbent upon Respondent to “demonstrate that the actions of the employee were a departure from a uniformly and effectively communicated and enforced<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">workrule</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>[sic].”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Archer-Western Contractors Ltd.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1013 (No. 87-1067, 1991)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Established work rules and adequate communication of the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>rules</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Work rules</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent has electrical safety rules in place. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-8).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Foremen Howard acknowledged the work rules pertaining to testing, grounding, and tagging electrical equipment. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 317, 391, 436). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">government’s expert witness testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent had work rules and that he was not critical of them:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Have you had an opportunity to review the New River safety manual?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   You will agree with me you reviewed that before October 23, 2018?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   Did you use that manual in reaching any of your conclusions that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">we’re</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>discussing today?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   Are you critical of the safety manual at all?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   I am not critical of the safety manual.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 676-677). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Accordingly, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that Respondent has met its burden of showing that it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">established work rules designed to prevent the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pertinent<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:96px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:120px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">Communication of work rules</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The evidence presented demonstrates that Respondent’s work rules were adequately communicated to its employees. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard testified to his knowledge of the work rules. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 317, 391, 436).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> He was educated on these rules through the American Line Builders Apprenticeship Training Program (“ALBAT”), the OSHA 10 training, and electrical transmission and distribution (“ET&D”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>training. (Tr. 316-318; Ex. R-13 at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">322-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">323). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In the ET&D training, he was taught the importance of grounding, where to ground and when to ground. (Tr. 317). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition, Foreman Howard received training from AEP regarding testing and grounding, and specifically that if equipment has not been tested or grounded then it is to be considered energized. (Tr. 319-320). He received training from Respondent on transformers, and had to demonstrate use of proper PPE, use proper tools for outer insulations, and could ensure that grounds and neutrals were terminated properly. (Tr. 324; Ex. R-13 at 565-566)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Foreman Howard also received training on switching</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tagging</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and grounding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 325</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-326</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. R-13 at 567</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 569</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He additionally testified that he received a copy of Respondent’s safety policy, that he understood the policy, and that equipment is to be treated as energized if it is not tested and grounded. (Tr. 328-333</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard further testified that if a conductor is not first tested and then grounded, it is to be treated as energized:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.  In writing the policy of New River, with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">respect to electrical grounding, was that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">All</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">previously energized conductors shall be considered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">energized until confirmed to be de-energized by</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meter testing and proper NREC grounds are installed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as prescribed in Item F below.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Do you see that?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   And you understood that was New River</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">policy with respect to testing and grounding?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.  And that is just a verbatim reiteration,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">if<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not tested, if it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s not grounded, it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">considered live?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   And at the Madison Mills project, the URD</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">crews, including your crew, had TAG 200 meters to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">test, correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes, sir.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.   And at the Madison Mills project on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">November 6, 2017, the URD crews had grounds to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">apply, correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.   Yes.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 333-334). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Foreman Bail also received training on the work rules. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-14). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He testified that<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he received a copy of Respondent’s safety policy, reviewed it, and was trained on it. (Tr. 487-488)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> He testified that he was aware of the rule that if something is not tested and grounded, then it should be considered energized. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 541-542).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Further,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he testified that his brother-in-law, Foreman Howard, instructed him on Respondent’s “way of doing things,” and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he understood that they were not allowed to disregard any safety protocols. (Tr. 536-537).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Superintendent Barnhart also chronicled the safety</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">received and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>reiterated that equipment should be considered energized if it is not tested and grounded</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 873).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> He explained that he had received ALBAT training, OSHA 10 and OSHA 20 training, ET&D training, and annual training from AEP on switching and tagging. (Tr. 868-869). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">alteration of the evidence after the accident by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard and For</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">man Bail, as referenced in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>III(C),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">supra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, demonstrates their awareness of and understanding of Respondent’s safety policies. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA’s expert witness acknowledged that the fact that the two foremen went back to Transformer No. 2 shows that they knew when to ground. (Tr. 790-792). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Certainly, the training provided to the employees was not solely provided by Respondent. As the government notes an employer may not rely on an employee’s prior training and experience as the sole means of protecting its employees. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Comp. Brief at 36, citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Pride Oil Well Serv</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 15 BNA OSHC 1809, 1815 (No. 87-692, 1992). However, as shown herein, training by other entities was in addition to, not in substitution for, training provided by Respondent. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that Respondent has met its burden of showing that its work rules were adequately communicated to its employees. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Ine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ffective steps to discover violations of work rules</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary argues that the widespread instances of misconduct by multiple foremen is a strong indication that Respondent had a lax safety policy. (Comp. Brief at 34). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, the government expert witness testified to what he perceived as the lapse in safety culture at the company.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Supervisory misconduct is strong evidence of a lax safety program, as supervisors are responsible for the protection of the employees. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Archer-Western</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Contractors, Ltd</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHA 1013, 1017 (O.S.H.R.C.),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1991 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 29317, 1991 WL 81020<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at *5<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(1993)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">See<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1996594541&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Iff93117ef94a11e1b60bb297d3d07bc5&refType=CA&fi=co_pp_sp_3227_1865&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3227_1865"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">GEM Indus., Inc.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDFR54VKUCW5HVKRJE1Q04HPIUZ4JSESHDAONTQD4FO1QGVR2EXHD">, 17 BNA OSHC 1861, 1865, 1995-97</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CCH OSHD ¶ 31,197, p. 43,690 (No. 93-1122, 1996) (“Where all the employees participating in a particular activity violate an employer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s work rule, the unanimity of such noncomplying conduct</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>suggests ineffective </span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cosearchterm style_cosearchterm " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">enforcement</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> of the work rule.”), </span><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">aff'd</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1998129368&pubNum=506&originatingDoc=Iff93117ef94a11e1b60bb297d3d07bc5&refType=RP&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)"><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDTS1AFO3FFEDNE3XYTPV2EY3ZYF0H2LQSMKF5HJFCDVNDNCGLR2W">149 F.3d 1183 (6th Cir. 1998)</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1979159657&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Iff93117ef94a11e1b60bb297d3d07bc5&refType=CA&fi=co_pp_sp_3227_1480&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3227_1480"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Jensen Constr. Co.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDECCLXZ1SIYQSFCQ3THVRCC0ICHUFJZQP2LCCZYNTEJWQV5TBZIQN">, 7 BNA OSHC 1477, 1480, 1979</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> CCH OSHD ¶ 23,664, p. 28,695 (No. 76-1538, 1979) (“[A] supervisor's breach [of] a company safety policy is strong evidence that the implementation of the policy is lax.”). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Here, multiple<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">foremen</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to<span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ensure that the lin</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">es or equipment<span>
						</span></span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_cohl style_cohl " style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>deenergized and to ensure proper grounding. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:.508cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to Superintendent Barnhart, the primary method of supervising foremen is through “job site audits.” (Tr. 908). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent had a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety team from the company<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would conduct “safety audits” in which random and unannounced safety checks would be performed. (Tr. 350). During these safety audits, the person conducting the review would see whether employees were complying with Respondent’s policies and safety procedures. (Tr. 350-351</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex. R-25 (Respondent’s jobsite evaluations in 2017)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). This safety team would show up at a site approximately once per month</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, observe<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the employees,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and would be on-site for one to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">five</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hours.</span><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">10</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 351-352</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 909</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> The safety personnel<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inspect the site and the work, point out if there<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a safety violation, and pursue disciplinary measures if there<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a serio</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">u</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">offense</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 279). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, as discussed in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>IV(E)(3),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">infra</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, nearly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the safety violations found by Respondent were discovered only after an accident or property damage. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See generally</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, the evidence was lacking on what the company did with the safety audits. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Tr. 932).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Thomas Industrial Coatings, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Commission held that an employer in a scaffolding case had failed to take reasonable steps to discover violations of its work rules when the two supervisors inspected the scaffolding only twice within 12 workdays. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Thomas Industrial Coatings, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">23 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1521 (O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J.), 2010 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 33111, 2010 WL 5128947 at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">*10</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. The Commission further held that it was not reasonable to rely on the two supervisors to inspect the conditions</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, because<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the supervisors were the same employees who supervised the unsafe installation of the scaffold in the first place. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. In the instant matter, no evidence was presented on whether the worksite had been inspected by Respondent prior to the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Further, Respondent was aware, through Superintendent Barnhart, that the scope of the job had changed as the crews discovered that four transformers needed to be replaced. The government’s expert witness explained that a new JSA/JHA should have been prepared at that point. (Tr. 695-696). Notwithstanding the change in scope of the work and the time constraints imposed on the crews,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">no one from Respondent other than the foremen responsible for the crews inspected the work. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:.508cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Given the gravity of potential harm, the violations by multiple supervisors/foremen here,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the change in the scope of the work,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and that most of the safety violations found by Respondent were identified only after an accident or property damage, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt considers safety inspections of only once per month inadequate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Accordingly, Respondent has failed to prove that it has taken effective steps to discover violations of its work rules</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Ine</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ffective enforcement of work rules</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In part, Respondent relies on its termination of Foreman Howard and Foreman Bail as support for its position that it maintains effective enforcement of work rules. (Resp. Brief at 30). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although post-accident discipline in this case show</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>some effort was made to enforce work rules, this after</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-the-fact disciplinary measure does not establish that Respondent took any attempt to enforce its work<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rules<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prior to the accident. “An<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">effective safety program cannot wait until an accident has occurred to enforce a work rule designed to prevent that type of accident. ‘One purpose of the Act is to prevent the first accident.’” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Western Massachusetts Electric Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1940 (O.S.H.R.C.), 1981 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 25470, 1981 WL 18785<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">*7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(1981) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">citing </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1975109844&pubNum=350&originatingDoc=I1f308699fa2811d9bf60c1d57ebc853e&refType=RP&fi=co_pp_sp_350_870&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_350_870"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_counderline style_counderline " style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Lee Way Motor Freight, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="ID1U0N22RKYLWDCBXDEFLGMWSNEBESWOIV2QI1OHDFB0MHH3RS4L0P">, 511 F.2d 864, 870 (10th Cir. 1975)</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent Barnhart testified that Respondent’s safety policy is enforced. (Tr. 873). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He has worked for Respondent for fifteen years, and served in several positions including foreman, general foreman, and superintendent during that time. (Tr. 869). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that employees are disciplined<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">if they fail to test whether a piece of equipment is energized<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and for not grounding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lines and equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (Tr. 874). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">although he has worked for the company for fifteen years,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Superintendent Barnhart acknowledged that he had never disciplined an employee for failing to test, tag, or ground equipment. (Tr. 933-934).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Moreover, even though he testified that employees are disciplined for not testing and grounding, (Tr. 874), he later testified that he was unaware of any incident in which employees or foremen did not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">test or ground</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE COURT</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:  And during, I guess -- well, your</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tenure as the general foreman<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">superintendent, are you aware of any incidents</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">where employees -- other than this incident.  I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">don</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>mean the accident that occurred here.  But</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are you aware of any other incidents where</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees or foremen<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">didn</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ground?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE WITNESS:  I am not aware of it, no.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE COURT</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:  Okay.  Or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">didn</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>test?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE WITNESS:  I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">m not aware of it.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE COURT</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:  Or didn</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t place tags?</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><br/></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">THE WITNESS:   I</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">m not aware of it, no.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 948). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman Howard explained that during his four years with the company</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>there</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been safety audits that discovered failure to ground equipment and the employees responsible were disciplined. (Tr. 292-293</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He testified that during his tenure at the company, there had been two or three<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">incidents</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>where employees were caught not using grounds and were suspended. (Tr. 292-293). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he company’s record for the years preceding the accident shows that the company disciplined employees for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violations of certain<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work rule violations. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">However, overwhelming</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ly, the disciplinary actions taken were for:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">drug/alcohol offenses</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>R-9 (2016 disciplinary records) at 10, 17, 29, 72; R-10 (2016 disciplinary records) at 123, 130; R-11 (2017 disciplinary records) at 197</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">tardiness and absenteeism</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9 at 15, 22, 24-26, 30, 36, 40-41, 48, 54-56, 63, 66, 70, 74; R-10 at 81-82, 84, 96, 110, 117-118, 120, 129, 131-137, 142, 146, 148, 152-153, 155-156, 159, 169; R-11 at 185, 188-189, 194, 198-200, 207-209, 220-221, 224, 227, 229; and R-12 at 235, 240</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">violations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span><span></span>
					</span>discovered after an accident or damage to property or equipment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9 at 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19-21, 37-39, 43, 44, 46, 52, 57-60, 65</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 72-73</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">; R-10 at 77, 80, 83, 85-86, 87-94, 99, 104,<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">109,<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">114-115, 119, 124-126, 128, 149-151, 154, 157-158, 160-163, 170-172; R-11 at 174-181, 190, 192-193, 201-202, 204-206, 213, 223, 230, 232-233, 238-239; R-12 at 236, 241-242</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In total, Respondent’s disciplinary records for the years 2015 through 2018</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prior to the accident</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">totaled a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pproximately 238 pages of materials. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">here were few documented disciplinary actions for work rule violations without an apparent accident or property damage. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Indeed, only approximately 16 pages of the 238 pages of material related to safety violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">discovered</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without an apparent accident or property damage</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. R-9 at 2, 49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>R-10 at 98, 103-104,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">106, 111, 144-145; R-11 at 183, 187, 191, 212, 222, 225-226</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Of these, only three concerned work rule violations related to electrical hazards</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and all three occurred in 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">:</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a second offense resulting in an eight-day suspension for cutting energized control cable in station without checking for voltage (Ex. R-10 at 103</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">first offense resulting in demotion for working on ungrounded equipment/line (Ex. R-10 at 106); and<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">suspension for failing to wear proper PPE when entering a primary zone. (Ex. R-10 at 144-145).</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Thus, while Foreman Howard testified that employees had been disciplined for failure to ground equipment, (Tr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>292-293), the documentary evidence of such discipline is scant. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See e.g.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Broan-Nutone</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Storage Solutions, LP</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1954 (O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J.), 2011 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 33163, 2011 WL 4634271, at *8 (2011) (ALJ finding disciplinary records focusing primarily on employees damaging products, rather than safety concerns, insufficient to show attempts to monitor compliance or enforce safety policies).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The government’s expert witness testified to “blind spots” in Respondent’s audits. (Tr. 816-817). Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Daws</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ey</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>testified that based on the audit records, it appeared that the company was not looking at grounds, tags, and deenergized zones, because there were many references to “n/a” on audit forms concerning these issues. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In order to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have an effective</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>safety program, an employer must make<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“a diligent effort to discover and discourage violations of safety rules by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees.” </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1981247387&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Icbc0bfebb5e311e8bbbcd57aa014637b&refType=CA&fi=co_pp_sp_3227_1383&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3227_1383"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Paul Betty d/b/a Betty Bros.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDP3MZIQIX3I04HFSUWDAD5AQXXPPQUKV5IOCOY4JMDA3HAVVD2IJC">, 9 BNA OSHC 1379, 1383 (No. 76-4271</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1981).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>In the absence of such evidence, the Commission has held that the employer “could not have enforced its work rules effectively.” </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1997252659&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Icbc0bfebb5e311e8bbbcd57aa014637b&refType=CA&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Am. Sterilizer Co.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDWDDEPUBSEESDMHJTUPHPPJCO5C5INNEFTZGBBCBK2JHEAWYDP3WN">, 18 BNA OSHC 1082 (No. 91-2494</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1997) (citing </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1992453577&pubNum=0003227&originatingDoc=Icbc0bfebb5e311e8bbbcd57aa014637b&refType=CA&fi=co_pp_sp_3227_1539&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3227_1539"><span class="style_Emphasis style_Emphasis " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; font-size:12pt; ">Tampa Shipyards, Inc.</span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDVPJPPKF2LMMPB3ZC1DG5CMQABI4TZEVIL1OGPELSIBCVZCJTXQE">, 15 BNA OSHC<span>
								</span></span></span><span class="style_Hyperlink style_Hyperlink " style="font-size:12pt; color:WindowText; font-family:Times New Roman; text-decoration:underline ;font-size:12pt; "><span class="IDFOFKJ4USZK5BP1QARW0IQ2K4FF4QA1AV4BCXDYJTSFXJ3OL2EJBF">1533, 1539 (No. 86-360</span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 1992))</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. As discussed herein, Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>efforts in this regard were deficient and it has failed to meet its burden of showing effective enforcement of work rules.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Accordingly, Respondent’s affirmative defense of unpreventable employee misconduct fails.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">G.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Penalty</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In calculating appropriate penalties for affirmed violations, Section 17(j) of the Act requires the Commission<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">give due consideration to four criteria: (1) the size of the employer’s business, (2) the gravity of the violation, (3) the good faith of the employer, and (4) the employer’s prior history of violations. Gravity is the primary consideration and is determined by the number of employees exposed, the duration of the exposure, the precautions taken against injury, and the likelihood of an actual injury.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones Construction Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 2201 (No. 87-2059, 1993). It is well established that the Commission and its judges conduct<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">de novo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty determinations and have full discretion to assess penalties based on the facts of each case and the applicable statutory criteria. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Valdak</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 17 BNA OSHC 1135 (No. 93-0239, 1995);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Allied Structural Steel</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 2 BNA OSHC 1457 (No. 1681, 1975).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Complainant proposed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a penalty of $12,934 for each of the three citation-items at issue. Thus, Complainant proposed a total penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">38,802. As discussed herein,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court affirms<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all three citation-items</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> H</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">owever</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Commission has held that violations may be found duplicative when the standard cited required the same abatement measures, or where the abatement of one citation item will necessarily result in the abatement of the other item as well. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Rawson Contractors, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 O.S.H. Cas. (BNA) 1078 (O.S.H.R.C.), 2002 O.S.H.D. (CCH) P 32657, 2003 WL 1889143<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at *5 n.5. In the instant case, the CSHO stated that all the citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">items were related violations, contributed to the same hazard, and that the abatement was no<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">different for any of the violations. (Tr. 92). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The CSHO further testified that grounding and tagging would have abated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the hazards identified in the citation-items. (Tr. 89-90). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The government did not provide evidence refuting th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>representation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In view of this testimony</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and the record as whole, the Court finds that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">three citation-items<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should be grouped as one citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">item. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proposed a penalty of $12,934</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for each item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, because failure to follow the standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>could result in bodily injury or death. (Tr. 89). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>received an electrical shock causing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">second-degree burns to “his left hand and forearm and third-degree burns to his right knee and inner thigh area.” (Tr. 91;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">Stip. ¶ 9,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">. C-1, C-6, R-1).</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "> Complainant proposed no discounts to Respondent given the company’s size</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(over 250 employees)</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lack of positive or negative<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">inspection<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11.5pt; ">history in the past five years, and the gravity of the violation. (Ex. C-2; Tr. 79)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. Upon consideration of the proposed penalty,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other than grouping<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item, 1,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2 and Item 3,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ourt sees no reason to depart from Complainant’s assessment</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As such, Complainant’s proposed penalty of $1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2,934</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is appropriate and shall be assessed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the grouped items (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Item 3).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">V.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">Order</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclus</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ions of Law, it is ORDERED</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that:</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, and Item 3<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of Citation 1<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">are<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">GROUPED;</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; widows:2; orphans:2; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Grouped Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1, Item<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and Item 3<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of Citation 1<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>AFFIRMED, and a total penalty<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of $12,934 is ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. </span></p>
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				<p style="page-break-before:page; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:.508cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-indent:.508cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/ Christopher D. Helms</span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:18pt; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Monotype Corsiva; font-size:18pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Christopher D. Helms</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ate:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "> Se</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ptember 11, 2020</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Denver, Colorado</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
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					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
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					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"></a> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">1 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>As noted in the Citations, the inspection site was 3887 Marsha Drive, Columbus, Ohio. </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">2 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The evidence differed on the exact number of transformers that needed new cabling. OSHA noted that 35 transformers needed new cabling (Ex. C-2 at 1), while certain witness testimony claimed that 39 needed new cabling (Tr. 501), and other testimony claimed that 65 transformers needed new cabling, (Tr. 203). Accordingly, for purposes of this decision, the number of transformers needing new cabling will be referenced as “at least 30 transformers.”</p>
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			<div>
				<p style="widows:2; orphans:2; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Both Complainant and Respondent reference Exhibit R-1 in their</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>posttrial</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>briefs. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">(</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Comp. Brief at 4; Resp. Brief at 2). However,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">Exhibit R-1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">was never admitted into evidence. (Tr. 796). Based upon</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>colloquy by counsel at trial, it appears that this exhibit</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. R-1)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">, however, is a duplicate of Exhibit C-6. (Tr.796-797). </span></p>
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			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">4 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>A “bushing” is “[a]n insulating structure that includes a through conductor or that provides passageway for such a conductor, and that, when mounted on a barrier, insulates the conductor from the barrier for the purpose of conducting current from one side of the barrier to the other.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.968.</p>
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			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">5 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The CSHO explained that a “back-feed” can occur when a residential owner wires a generator into an outlet so it feeds the entire house. (Tr. 137). At that point, electricity is feeding into the whole house through the circuit breaker box and back to the transformer. (Tr. 137). The government’s expert explained that a “back-feed” can occur when you have “only one phase of [a] transformer bank de-energized, the other two phases can still support energy and feed back into that other phase that is damaged.” (Tr. 631). </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">6 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Placing a transformer in “stand off” would prevent current from going into the cabling that fed to the north riser. (Tr. 404-405; 496-497). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">7 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The preamble to the standard explains that lines and equipment are subject to reenergization through means other than normal energy sources. “<span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">For example, lightning can strike a line and energize a deenergized conductor, or unknown cogeneration sources not under the control of the employer can energize a line. Additionally, some deenergized transmission and distribution lines are subject to reenergization by induced voltage from nearby energized conductors or by contact with other energized sources of electrical energy.</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; ">” </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">79 Fed. Reg.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">20316,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">20502 (Apr. 11, 2014). </span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">8 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>While the government’s expert witness testified that there was no evidence in OSHA’s file that a back-feed occurred, the expert witness did note there was such a risk.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">9 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>“Deenergized” means “[f]ree from an electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electric charge; not having a potential that is different from the potential of the earth.” 29 C.F.R. § 1926.968. In addition, as a note to the definition of “deenergized,” the section states that “[t]he term applies only to current-carrying parts, which are sometimes energized (alive).” <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-style:italic; ">Id</span>.</p>
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					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; ">10 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Respondent points out that the government’s expert witness testified that when he previously performed job site safety audits, he would usually spend one to two hours at a worksite, and at that time, he personally conducted safety audits only approximately once per month. (Tr. 781-782). However, Respondent neglected to acknowledge that the expert also stated that for other positions, the audits were more frequent: “[w]e had requirements where they were done so many per month, so many per quarter. So I guess it averages to about, per supervisor, once a week; per manager, twice a month; for me, once a month.” (Tr. 781). Further, in contrast to Foreman Howard’s and Superintendent Barnhart’s testimony, Foreman Bail testified that the safety audits would only last “[u]sually just a couple of minutes. Not very long.” (Tr. 531). </p>
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