III 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 510 

Affirming the importance of title IX, applauding the increase in educational 

opportunities available to women and girls, and recognizing the tremendous amount of work left to be done to further increase such opportunities. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 23, 2016 

Mrs. MURRAY (for herself, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. BOOKER, Mrs. 

BOXER, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. BROWN, Ms. CANTWELL, Mr. CARPER, 

Mr. CASEY, Mr. COONS, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. FRANKEN, 

Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Ms. HEITKAMP, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. KAINE, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. MARKEY, Mrs. MCCASKILL, Mr. MENENDEZ, 

Mr. MERKLEY, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. PETERS, Mr. REED, 

Mr. REID, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. SCHUMER, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. TESTER, Mr. UDALL, Ms. WARREN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, and 

Mr. WYDEN) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to 

the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

RESOLUTION 

Affirming the importance of title IX, applauding the increase 

in educational opportunities available to women and girls, 

and recognizing the tremendous amount of work left 

to be done to further increase such opportunities. 

Whereas 44 years ago, President Richard M. Nixon signed 

title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 

U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) into law (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘title IX’’), and in 2002 a resolution was 

passed establishing that such title may be cited as the 


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‘‘Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education 

Act’’; 

Whereas title IX prohibits any educational institution that receives Federal education funding from discriminating 

against students or employees on the basis of sex; 

Whereas sex discrimination includes gender-based violence, 

sexual harassment and assault, dating violence, and domestic violence; 

Whereas title IX guarantees equal educational opportunities 

for all students, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and 

transgender (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘LGBT’’) 

students, pregnant or parenting students, and gender 

nonconforming students; 

Whereas since 1972, the United States has made great 

progress in providing educational opportunities to women 

and girls, and in 2016 women earn the majority of doctoral, master’s, baccalaureate, and associate’s degrees; 

Whereas since 1972, the participation of women and girls in 

sports has increased by almost 900 percent in high school 

and almost 500 percent in college, providing women and 

girls with the opportunity to develop leadership and 

teamwork skills, earn athletic scholarships to help finance 

a college degree, and become successful professional athletes; 

Whereas, despite the progress that has been made in higher 

education and athletics, women, girls, pregnant or parenting students, LGBT individuals, and gender nonconforming individuals in the United States are still too 

often denied equal educational opportunities; 

Whereas the share of baccalaureate degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics earned by women 


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has decreased over the past decade, and women now earn 

only 19 percent of engineering degrees, 18 percent of 

computing degrees, 42 percent of mathematics degrees, 

and 39 percent of physical science degrees, at the baccalaureate level; 

Whereas women of color earn only 6 percent of computing 

degrees and 3 percent of engineering degrees at the baccalaureate level; 

Whereas women have about 64,000 fewer opportunities than 

men to participate in college sports, and in 2015 only 37 

of the 313 athletic directors in Division I sports were 

women; 

Whereas multiple studies have confirmed that 1 in 5 women 

are sexually assaulted on college campuses and about 20 

percent of girls have been the victims of sexual assault 

or attempted sexual assault while in high school; 

Whereas more than 50 percent of girls in grades 7 through 

12 experience sexual harassment and 10 percent of high 

school students experience dating violence each year, 

which can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and 

unhealthy and antisocial behaviors, and can negatively 

impact academic achievement; 

Whereas men still hold the vast majority of school leadership 

positions, and only about 31 percent of full professors at 

degree-granting postsecondary institutions are women, 26 

percent of college and university presidents are women, 

and 27 percent of school district superintendents are 

women; 

Whereas pregnant and parenting students are more likely to 

drop out of high school than other students, and only 51 

percent of mothers under the age of 20 earn a high 


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school diploma by the age of 22, leading to decreased opportunities for continuing education and employment; 

and 

Whereas LGBT students face pervasive discrimination and 

harassment in school, on college campuses, and in the 

workforce, impeding their ability to fully access the educational opportunities they are entitled to: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) applauds the tremendous increase in edu3 cational opportunities, including in sports, for 

4 women and girls since the passage of title IX of the 

5 Education Amendments of 1972; 

6 (2) commends the work of the Department of 

7 Education and the Department of Justice to ensure 

8 that students have a safe learning environment by 

9 working to ensure that schools prevent and respond 

10 to discrimination and harassment on the basis of 

11 sex, including sexual assault, harassment, domestic 

12 and dating violence, pregnancy, sex-stereotyping, 

13 and discrimination based on actual or perceived gen14 der identity; and 

15 (3) recognizes that progress must still be made 

16 to secure the promise of such title IX that no edu17 cational institution that receives Federal education 


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1 funding discriminates against any person because of 

2 their sex. 

Æ 


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