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				<p style="margin-top:95.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:269.733px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#00b050; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; ">Some personal identifiers have been redacted for privacy purposes.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.446cm; margin-left:396.6px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.333px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.446cm; margin-left:254.067px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.28cm; margin-left:376.6px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">1120 20</span><span style="font-size:6.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6.5pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:6.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Street, N.W., Ninth Floor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:6.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.446cm; margin-left:391.467px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Washington, DC 20036-3457</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:13.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.067px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SECRETARY OF LABOR,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.192cm; margin-left:310.4px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:251.467px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">v.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:469.6px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket No. 17-1511</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.067px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">INFRA-RED BUILDING AND POWER</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.067px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SERVICE INC.,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:317.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:13.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Appearances:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Kate O’Scannlain, Solicitor of Labor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Christine Eskilson, Acting Regional Solicitor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Paul Spanos, Senior Trial Attorney</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">U.S. Department of Labor, Boston, Massachusetts</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:192px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For Complainant</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Dale Kerester, Esq.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Landay Leblang Stern, Boston, Massachusetts</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:192px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For Respondent</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Before: Administrative Law Judge Dennis L. Phillips</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:12.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:318.067px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Commission) pursuant to sections 2-33 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">U.S.C. §§ 651-678 (OSH Act). Respondent Infra-Red Building and Power Service Inc. (Infra-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red) is an electrical contractor engaged in the business of “electrical testing and maintenance.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red is located at 152 Centre Street, Holbrook, MA 02343. (Tr. 94, 205; Joint Exhibit (J.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.) XIII, at 0222; Joint Pre-Hearing Statement (Jt. Pre-Hr’g St), at 13; Stipulation of Fact (SF)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1). On Friday, April 7, 2017, an Infra-Red employee burned his hand while replacing the batteries</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:522.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">1</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in a police station’s uninterruptible power supply system (UPSS). (Tr. 232; Jt. Pre-Hr’g St; SF</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4-5; Resp’t Br., at 1; Sec’y Br., at 2; Ex. E). Following an inspection, the Occupational Safety and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Health Administration (OSHA) issued a citation to Infra-Red alleging four serious violations of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:714.533px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">2</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Electrical standard, 29 C.F.R. § 1910 Subpart S, and proposing a total penalty of $35,492.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Citation, at 6-10; SF 6). Infra-Red filed a timely notice of contest, bringing this matter before the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission. (Jt. Pre-Hr’g St, at 13; SF 7). On October 16, 2017, the Secretary of Labor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Secretary) filed his complaint. (SF 8). On November 6, 2017, Infra-Red filed its Answer,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Affirmative Defenses, Petition, and Request for Hearing. (SF 9). On July 31, 2018, the Court</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">granted Complainant’s assented to Motion to Amend Complaint and Citation to replace “[o]n or</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">about 5/3/2017” with “[o]n or about 4/7/2017” so as to identify April 7, 2017 (the date that Infra-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red’s employees, [redacted] and Daniel Lueck, worked at the Nantucket police station) as the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">date of the alleged hazard rather than the previously stated date of May 3, 2017.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A two-day hearing was held in Boston, Massachusetts on June 26 and 27, 2018. Seven</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">witnesses testified. The Secretary called two witnesses, Daniel Lueck and Thomas Charles</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald (Tom McDonald). Infra-Red called the remaining witnesses: Robert J. McDonald</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Bob McDonald), Danielle Marie Rega, Andrew Gordon Francis, James John Amara, and Dean</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">David Vanasse. Lueck is a journeyman electrician who was assigned to the Nantucket UPSS job.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:585.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">3</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 37, 269, 342-43). Tom McDonald is Infra-Red’s president and owner. (Tr. 149-50). Bob</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald is Infra-Red’s “Operations Manager,” and his responsibilities include managing</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">operations and sales employees, vehicles, accounts, and payroll. Bob McDonald is Tom</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The police station was located at 4 Fairgrounds Road, Nantucket, Massachusetts 02554 (job site). (Tr. 10; J. Ex.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">XIII). The UPSS “is designed to provide many years of reliable power supply and protection from power failure,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">brown-outs, line noise and voltage transients.” (Tr. 206-07; Ex. E, at 0011).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">OSHA also issued Infra-Red a second citation alleging an other-than-serious violation; the Secretary withdrew this</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">citation at the hearing. (Tr. 13; Jt. Pre-Hr’g St, at 13, 16).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald founded Infra-Red in May 1990. He earned his journeyman electrician’s license in about 1998 and</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">his master’s license in about 2000. (Tr. 203-04).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald’s brother. (Tr. 150, 228-29, 334-36). Rega is the company’s head of scheduling and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:415.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">4</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is responsible for scheduling work assignments. (Tr. 230, 426-28). Francis is an employee</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">responsible for maintaining the company’s equipment and distributing personal protective</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment (PPE) to technicians. (Tr. 236-37, 357). Amara is an OSHA Compliance Officer (CO)</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:355.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">5</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">who investigated the Nantucket incident. (Tr. 466-67). Finally, Dean David Vanasse is the owner</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and operator of Boston Safety Training, a company that, since about the Fall, 2012, provides</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:370.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">6</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training on all aspects of workplace safety. (Tr. 520-21, 529).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court found Vanasse qualified to testify as an expert on: 1) Arc flash and electrical</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety (NFPA 70E and OSHA Subpart S sections 1910-331 through 335, 2) OSHA and NFPA 70E</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Workplace Safety, 3) Shock and Arc flash protection of PPE, 4) Compliance with the requirements</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the standards associated with the citation, 5) Electrical safety related training, work policies and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practices, and tools, 6) Electrical equipment maintenance, and 7) Hazard mitigation, and risk</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:152.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">7</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">analysis. (Tr. 591-92; Jt. Pre-Hr’g St, at 10-11). Vanasse founded Boston Safety Training after</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working with and becoming knowledgeable of electrical hazards in various positions, including</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working for electrical equipment manufacturers, for a nuclear station, and being responsible for</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical support systems while working on a nuclear-powered submarine in the Navy. (Tr. 521-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:90.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.032cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Rega earned her college degree in philosophy in 2003. For nine years, she worked in the office of an environmental</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">lab processing samples. Rega started working at Infra-Red in 2013 as an assistant to the head of scheduling. She</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">became head of scheduling in late 2015. Rega is not an electrician and has never worked with batteries. She said she</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">schedules 15 – 17 electricians each week. (Tr. 427-29, 447). She goes to Chip McDonald for advice if she has a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">scheduling question about whether an electrician can do a certain job or not. (Tr. 430). Chip McDonald is Tom</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">McDonald’s son. Tom McDonald said Chip “has taken over being the general foreman” and is in charge of all of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">field technicians and shop personnel. (Tr. 229, 404).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.272cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:6pt; ">5</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.064cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Amara has served as an OSHA CO for about 3 years. (Tr. 467). He received his Bachelor’s degree in human</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:6.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">resources and business in 2016. (Tr. 468). He is not an electrician.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">6</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse is not a licensed electrician, master electrician, journeyman electrician or apprentice electrician. (Tr. 609).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">7</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.069cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The Court did not find Vanasse qualified and competent to testify as an expert with regard to conclusions as to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">whether or not specific OSHA standards have been violated. (Tr. 591).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29). He specializes in teaching electrical safety; other employees at his company provide training</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on other safety subjects. (Tr. 530).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties both filed post-hearing briefs; Infra-Red also filed a reply brief. In his Post-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Hearing Brief, the Secretary proposed a higher total penalty amount than what was originally</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proposed in the Citation: $51,736. (Sec’y Br., at 23). For the reasons set forth below, the Court</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">vacates citation Items 1 and 2, affirms citation Items 3 and 4, and assesses a total penalty of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$15,873.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:349.733px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">JURISDICTION</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red admits that, as of the date of the alleged violations, it was an employer engaged</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in business affecting commerce within the meaning of section 3(5) of the OSH Act. (Answer at ¶</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">III). Based upon the record, the Court finds that at all relevant times Infra-Red was engaged in a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">business affecting commerce and was an employer within the meaning of sections 3(3) and 3(5)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the OSH Act. The Court concludes that the Commission has jurisdiction over the parties and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subject matter in this case. (Answer at ¶ I, where Infra-Red admits jurisdiction; SF 3).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:331.667px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">CITED STANDARDS</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated four provisions of the Electrical standard,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Subpart S of 29 C.F.R. Part 1910. Specifically, the citation alleges:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.332(b)(1):</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees were not trained in and familiar with the safety-related work practices</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required by 1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertained to their respective job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assignments [at] Location: 4 Fair Grounds Rd, Nantucket, MA – On or about</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4/7/2017 employees were exposed to electrical hazards, where employees were not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trained in and familiar with the safety-related work practices required to safely</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complete the work.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:12.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.333(a)(2):</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:12.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Where exposed live parts were not deenergized (i.e. for reasons of increased or</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety-related practices were not used to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:15.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">protect employees who could be exposed to the electrical hazards involved.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Location: 4 Fair Grounds Rd. Nantucket, MA – On or about 4/7/2017 employees</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were exposed to electrical hazards, were [sic] employee [sic] were exposed to live</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parts, where other safety-related work practices were not used.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 3, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i):</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Employees working in areas where there were potential electrical hazards were not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provided with electrical protective equipment that was appropriate for the specific</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parts of the body that needed to be protected and for the work being performed: (a)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(LOCATION)(IDENTIFY SPECIFIC OPERATIONS AND/OR CONDITIONS)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[at] Location: 4 Fair Grounds Rd. Nantucket, MA - On or about 4/7/2017</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were exposed to electrical hazards, where proper personal protective</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment was not used.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:12.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 4, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(2)(i):</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When working near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, each employee</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not use insulated tools or handling equipment when the tools or handling</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment might have made contact with such conductors or parts [at] Location: 4</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Fair Grounds Rd. Nantucket, MA - On or about 4/7/2017 employees were exposed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to electrical hazards, where the proper, insulated tools were not used.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Amended Citation; Tr. 10-12).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:349.267px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">BACKGROUND</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On February 28, 2017, the Town of Nantucket, Massachusetts, hired Infra-Red to supply</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and install 60 EnerSys, Type 12HX540, VRLA replacement batteries in a UPSS located at its</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nantucket police station for $21,940. (Tr. 48, 274-75; J. Ex. XIII, at 0223; Sec’y Br., at 2; Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 1; Resp’t Reply, at 8). A UPSS provides continuous electricity to critical equipment in the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">event of a power outage. (Tr. 38; Sec’y Br., at 2). The Nantucket police station’s UPSS contained</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">two sets of 30 batteries each in two UPS Module Cabinets (Cabinet(s)) connected in a series (60</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries in total). There were WARNING and DANGER stickers on the top tray holding batteries</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:191.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">8</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the Cabinet. (Tr. 40, 48, 110-11, 124-28, 145, 272; Exs. E, at 0014, XVI, XVII, at 0240-41).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">8</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.095cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck also referred to the two Cabinets as “racks.” “RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK. DO NOT TOUCH</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">UNINSULATED BATTERY TERMINALS” – appeared below the word “DANGER”, on a rack in front. (Tr. 127-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">28; J. Ex. XVII, at 240-42).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Each battery carried approximately 12 volts of electricity, such that each series of 30 batteries</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">carried approximately 360 volts when all connected. (Resp’t Reply, at 8; Tr. 48-49, 220-21, 595).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The UPSS was located in the basement of the police station directly below the lobby. (Tr. 38,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">131).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:392px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">9</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Rega initially assigned a journeyman electrician, Lueck, about age 24 at the time, to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:231px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">10</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">replace the batteries.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.483cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 39, 140, 151, 269, 442, 445; Sec’y Br., at 2). After arriving at the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:651px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">11</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">police station around March 24, 2017, Lueck began by putting the system in “bypass”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.316cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to divert</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the electricity feeding the batteries. (Sec’y Br., at 3; Tr. 40-41, 54). He then realized he could not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complete the work by himself because each battery weighed 103 pounds and he needed someone</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to help lift them. (Resp’t Reply, at 7; Tr. 40).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">On April 7, 2017, Lueck returned to the police station with [redacted], about age 23 at the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">time, an unlicensed apprentice electrician. At that time, [redacted] had worked at Infra-Red for</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:263.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">12</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">about twenty-two months.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.397cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 44, 140, 151, 251-52, 340-41, 353; Sec’y Br., at 2; Resp’t Br., at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1; J. Ex. 1, at 0002). According to Infra-Red, Lueck and [redacted] decided that they would remove</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:40.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.032cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">A “journeyman” is a licensed electrician, in contrast to an “apprentice,” who is an unlicensed electrician-in-training.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 44). Lueck was a journeyman electrician licensed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (Tr. 39).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">10</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red hired Lueck on a trial basis in January 2017 after Lueck’s father, who worked at Verizon, called Tom</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">McDonald. Lueck did not know whether he was still in a 90-day introductory period status as of April 7, 2017. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">141, 269, 422-23; Ex. 11, at 30). Bob McDonald stated Lueck was still in his 90-day introductory period as of April</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">7, 2017. (Tr. 422-23). Lueck did not know whether the Nantucket police station job was his first Infra-Red job where</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">he worked by himself on March 24, 2017. (Tr. 141-42).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">11</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.065cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck described a “bypass” as “taking the UPSS out of the general loop, the direction of power,” such that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">police station was left “just being on commercial power.” (Tr. 40-41).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:10.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">12</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] received a diploma from South Shore Vocational Technical High School on June 7, 2013. (Tr. 344-48;</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Ex. A). New Infra-Red employees are given, and sign for, a copy of Infra-Red’s Policy Manual, Employee Handbook,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">entitled “Infra-Red Building and Power Services Employee Handbook” (Handbook I or Handbook II), when hired.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] signed for his Handbook I, updated September 17, 2012, on June 1, 2015. (Tr. 251-52, 340-41, 421; J. Ex.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">I, at 0002; Ex. 11, at 2). Handbook I was later updated on August 27, 2015 (Handbook II). (Tr. 252, 342; J. Ex. II, at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">0028). Tom McDonald testified that he thought [redacted] would have started working with batteries soon after</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">starting to work at Infra-Red. (Tr. 217-18; J. Ex. II). One Infra-Red record shows he began working on batteries no</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">later than January 4, 2016. (Ex. 8). Lueck did not know whether there were any limitations on Apprentice [redacted]’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">ability to perform electrical work. (Tr. 44).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the batteries together due to their weight , and then [redacted] would reconnect the new batteries</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in the basement while Lueck would package the old batteries and load them onto a pallet upstairs.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Reply, at 7; Tr. 45-46, 131). After [redacted] had connected about 20-24 of the new</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:517.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">13</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries, an “arc flash” occurred that burned [redacted]’s hand.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.515cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 25-26; Sec’y Br., at 6;</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Resp’t Br., at 18; Jt. Pre-Hr’g St, at 13; SF 5). Lueck was getting off an elevator in the basement</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">when he heard a “pop” and first became aware of the accident. He heard [redacted] yelling in pain.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] seemed to be in “shock.” Lueck brought [redacted] upstairs to run his hand under water.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck did not see the accident occur and cannot recall what if anything [redacted] said at the time</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">about what he had done or had not done relative to the work. (Tr. 131-33). [redacted] was taken</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by ambulance to a hospital for treatment. (Tr. 53, 133; Sec’y Br., at 6).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse testified that an “arc flash” is “the passage of current through the air.” He said</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that “[i]n establishing current flow through air, tremendous amounts of energy are released,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment is destroyed, and a number of phenomenon occur.” (Tr. 555-58; J. Ex. X, at 0089,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0103, 0154). He described an incident in which a worker was injured by an Arc flash, but was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wearing PPE, consisting of a suit, helmet and gloves (shown in a photograph) that saved his life</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">even though the PPE was significantly damaged. (Tr. 558; J. Ex. X, at 0155).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In his expert report, Vanasse explained the nature of the April 7, 2017 incident as follows:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The incident apparently occurred as a result of utilizing an insulated slipjoint pump</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">plier which had exposed uninsulated parts of sufficient dimensions to either bridge</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the air gap or make contact of one energized cell terminal to another cell terminal</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of different potential causing a large amount of current to flow through the tool</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">superheating the tool and causing the burn to the employee’s hand.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:14.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:301.533px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">14</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 571; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0253).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:32.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">13</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Although Infra-Red agrees that what injured [redacted] was “believed to be an arc flash,” Infra-Red also maintains</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that “we don’t know [with certainty] what caused the accident . . . .” (Resp’t Br., at 18).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">14</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse’s Expert report in the record does not include any Attachments from Exhibit A through I. (J. Ex. XVIII,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">at 0254).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:328.6px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">STIPULATED FACTS</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The parties stipulated to the following facts in their Jt. Pre-Hr’g St:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.21cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent is engaged in the business of electrical testing and maintenance.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.21cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent is an employer engaged in a business affecting commerce within the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">meaning of Section 3(5) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 652(5).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 10(c) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 659(c) confers the Occupational Safety and Health</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Review Commission with jurisdiction over this proceeding.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red entered into an agreement to perform certain work at the Nantucket Police</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Station.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">5.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red employee [redacted] performed certain work at the Nantucket Police</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Department on April 7, 2017 and received an injury to his hand while performing</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">certain of such work.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Complainant issued Serious Citation 1, Items 1 through 4, dated July 26, 2017 and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">issued Other-than-Serious Citation 2, dated August 28, 2017.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">7.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent timely filed its Notice of Contest.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Complaint was filed and served by letter dated October 16, 2017.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.212cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Answer, Affirmative Defenses, Petition, and Request for Hearing was filed and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:168px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">served by letter dated November 6, 2017.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Jt. Pre-Hr’g St, at 13).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:274.067px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">RELEVANT WITNESS TESTIMONY</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The witnesses’ relevant testimony included the following:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">A. About Infra-Red</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red conducts “testing and maintenance of electrical</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">systems,” including the maintenance and repair of an UPSS. (Tr. 205, 207). He said that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:552.467px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">15</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">company has around 40 employees, including 10-12 union electricians.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.415cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 207, 243, 526).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:41.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">15</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Bob McDonald testified that Infra-Red had no employee injuries from 2012 through April 6, 2017. (Tr. 363-64).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">B. The Nantucket UPSS Work and April 7, 2017 Incident</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1. Lueck’s First Visit to the Job Site on about March 24, 2017</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck testified that he was initially assigned to replace the Nantucket police station’s UPSS</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:709.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">16</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries by himself, and he went to the site alone about two weeks prior to the incident to do so.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 38-39). Tom McDonald testified that “all the work we do is dangerous work”, but “[c]hanging</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries [in a UPSS] is a very simple task.” He said that it is “a task to be taken seriously, but it’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:256.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">17</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not a complex task . . . .”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.413cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 271-73). Bob McDonald similarly testified that he was surprised</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:677.267px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">18</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the arc flash incident occurred because “the level of difficulty for the job wasn’t real high.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.404cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">402). Vanasse, on the other hand, testified that when replacing the batteries [redacted] was</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to “a high level of danger”; including exposure to a potential shock and arc flash hazard</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that could result in death or serious bodily harm. (Tr. 626-28; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0246). Lueck was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provided with an Owners/Technical Manual for the UPSS by email as a PDF document, and he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:340.933px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">19</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reviewed it prior to going to the site.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.489cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 102, 444; Ex. E). He said that the UPSS Manual</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“essentially gives you a list of procedures to go through, how to operate it.” (Tr. 54).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Prior to starting any work on his first visit to the job site in late March 2017, Lueck testified</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he did not fill out one of the company’s job hazard analysis (JHA) forms, which is a checklist</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of potential workplace safety issues. (Tr. 43). Neither he nor [redacted] did a JHA before</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">beginning work at the job site on April 7, 2017. (Tr. 42-43, 48; Ex. 5). Lueck said that he did not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:32.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.273cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">16</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Two weeks before Friday, April 7, 2017 is about Friday, March 24, 2017</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:9.5pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:1.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">17</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald was not at the job site on April 7, 2017. (Tr. 271).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">18</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.081cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Bob McDonald is not an electrician, licensed or otherwise, and has not worked as an electrician. He did not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">supervise Lueck or [redacted]. (Tr. 335-36, 361, 412).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">19</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The manual is entitled “Mitsubishi Electric Automation, Inc. Uninterrupted Power Supply System, 2033C Series,</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Owners/Technical Manual.” (UPSS Manual) (Ex. E). The UPSS Manual states that it contains “important instructions</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">for the 2033C Series Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems that should be adhered to during installation, operation</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">and maintenance of the UPS and batteries.” The UPSS Manual also includes an Electrical Hazard “WARNING 1”</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that states “Lethal voltages exist within the equipment during operation. Observe all warning and cautions in this</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">manual. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death.” (Tr. 142-43; Ex. E, at 0011). Rega also sent a copy</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">of the UPSS Manual by email to [redacted]. (Tr. 446).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:404px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">9</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complete the JHA forms in late March 2017 or April 7, 2017 because “[i]t wasn’t necessarily</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required.” (Tr. 48). He testified that he had never turned in a JHA form to Infra-Red and had not</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been trained to complete one. (Tr. 56). Although he did not complete the form, he testified that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he performed a JHA prior to starting work on both of his visits to the police station. (Tr. 89, 116-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17). From his initial analysis, he testified, “I could see that [the UPSS] was in use, and it was</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:675.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">20</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">energized, and that I [therefore] suited up [with PPE] for the task of bypassing the UPS.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.443cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">105).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck’s first step in the battery replacement involved putting the system in “bypass,” which</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">referred to “taking the UPS out of the general loop, the direction of power,” so that the police</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:418.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">21</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">station would be left just on “commercial power.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.429cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 40-41). Lueck testified that he brought</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:273.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">22</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his max “43 Cal suit” PPE</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.344cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with him to the job, which he described as a “very thick material</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that’s supposed to be fire resistant” that “covers your body from head to toe,” and includes a jacket,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:451.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">23</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">overalls/pants, a helmet, and rubber and leather gloves.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.43cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 41-42, 97, 116). Since the system</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was live, Lueck testified that he believes he put on all parts of his PPE suit, except the pants prior</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to performing the bypass. (Tr. 41-42). He said that since he was “kneeling on the floor in front of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it [he] felt protected, but obviously that’s not the correct way to wear your PPE” because “you’re</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supposed to wear it all.” (Tr. 42). After performing the bypass, Lueck discovered that the batteries,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:39.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">20</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">During courtroom testimony, “UPS” and “UPSS” were used interchangeably unless otherwise identified.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">21</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse testified that “[b]attery systems are infeasible to deenergize, therefore you have to apply some controls.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Controls in place would have included the insulated tools, barrier material, and the application of personal protective</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">equipment.” (Tr. 566).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">22</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The 43 Cal suit was the maximum PPE suit carried by Infra-Red. (Tr. 116).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">23</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.06cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-red provided Lueck with PPE the first day he started working there. (Tr. 97). Infra-Red’s safety program</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">states: “PPE shall consist of at least a 40 Cal suit, 20 KV rubber gloves tested every six months, leather protector</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">gloves, hard cap, face shield, safety glasses, and ear plugs.” This PPE is the minimum PPE Infra-Red employees</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">“should have with them on a job, ....” (Tr. 179-81, 452; J. Ex. III, at 0056; Ex. 4, at 2). Lueck testified that he wore</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">the 43 Cal PPE suit “because I was interacting with something that was live.” (Tr. 41, 116). Francis stated that each</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">electrician receives two sets of rubber gloves, “a zero” rubber glove which is used up to a thousand volts and a “class</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">2” rubber glove that is used up to 24,000 volts. Either the zero or class 2 rubber gloves go inside a leather glove. (Tr.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">452).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">10</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:457.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">24</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 103 pounds each, were “too heavy for one man to lift.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.379cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It was clear to Lueck that the job could</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not be done by one person. (Tr. 40, 106-08).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2. Lueck and [redacted]’s April 7, 2017 Visit to the Job Site</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck returned to perform the job about two weeks later on April 7, 2017 with [redacted],</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an unlicensed apprentice electrician. (Tr. 44). While driving from the ferry terminal to the police</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">station, which took 20 to 30 minutes, Lueck and [redacted] discussed the work to be performed</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and the risks involved. (Tr. 123-24). After arriving, Lueck testified that he bypassed the UPSS,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and then they both “removed the batteries [together] because they were heavy, so it was a two-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">man job.” (Tr. 45). Removing the batteries required disconnecting small cables (“jumpers”)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">secured to posts on the batteries with bolts. (Tr. 45). Although his testimony is ambiguous, Lueck</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">appeared to say that he disconnected the cables (possibly together with [redacted]). (Tr 45). When</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">asked, “Were you wearing PPE at the time that you disconnected the batteries?” Lueck replied, “I</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:157.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">25</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was not.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.455cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 45, 143-44). He acknowledged that there was a “DANGER” sticker on one of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the UPSS battery trays in the Cabinet that warned of the hazard of “SULFURIC ACID” that could</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cause blindness or severe burns. (Tr. 144; J. Ex. XVII, at 241-42). Although he said, “I mean</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clearly there’s a hazard here,” he did not see himself at risk at that time. (Tr. 145). But seeing the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pictures of the warning labels at the hearing, he agreed he should have been wearing PPE when</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">carrying the batteries. (Tr. 144-45). Lueck further testified, however, that he could not remember</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">who disconnected the cables or whether they both did. (Tr. 129). According to Lueck, he and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] discussed how they would divide up the remaining tasks “together as a team,” and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:36.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">24</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck believed that Infra-Red’s Sales Manager for the job, Mike Sumner, thought that each battery weighed only</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:4.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.429cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">30 pounds, instead of the 103 pounds Lueck found them actually to be. (Tr. 105-07, 337-38; J. Ex. XIII, at 0220).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">25</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck later testified that he was wearing all of his 43 Cal PPE suit, except his pants, when he transferred the UPSS</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">on April 7, 2017 because “[i]t’s the most protective PPE that is available, as far as my knowledge.” Lueck testified</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that he should have worn the pants because there was an Infra-Red work rule to wear the suit all the time “when</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">performing any type of work on a live source of power.” (Tr. 60-63).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">11</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">decided that [redacted] would connect the new batteries because “he had been with the company</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">longer and had been exposed to battery changes,” while Lueck would “be doing the physical labor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of packaging and loading the old batteries onto a pallet in the lobby.” (Tr. 46). Lueck described</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the procedure for connecting the new batteries as being similar to changing a car battery: “so if</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">you were to think of it as a car battery, you have two posts, two terminals on a car battery, and you</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">land jumpers that feed the car . . . .” (Tr. 46).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To secure the cables to the new battery posts, [redacted] used a slip joint pliers tool (Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:477.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">26</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">referred to it as “channellocks”), which Lueck lent to him.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.455cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 49, 59). The slip joint pliers</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were just under ten inches in length and 2 and 1/8 inches in width. Each handle was one-half inch</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wide. (Tr. 138). Lueck testified that this tool had insulated handles that were rated to 1,000 volts,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and “stops” to prevent one’s hand from sliding past the insulation. (Tr. 49, 58, 109-10). He said</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he determined that it was an appropriate tool for the work from reviewing the UPSS Manual,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which instructs technicians to “[u]se tools with insulated handles” when working on batteries. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">60, 109, 112; Ex. E, at 0035). Lueck, Tom McDonald, and Vanasse all testified that the tool’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">voltage rating was significantly higher than the maximum potential voltage in the UPSS. (Tr. 111,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">292-93, 595). According to Vanasse, the “maximum voltage that [[redacted]] would have been</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to was 360 volts.” (Tr. 595). In his expert report, however, Vanasse said that [redacted]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“should have been aware that there was too much exposed metal on this tool,” and he should have</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">instead used an “insulated socket.” (J. Ex. XVIII, at 4).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:72.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">26</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.026cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The channellocks tool was Lueck’s personal tool that he had purchased through Amazon. (Tr. 59). Lueck testified</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that it was his understanding that “we provide our own personal tools.” (Tr. 83-84). However, he agreed Infra-Red’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Employee Handbook II stated that Infra-Red would provide any of the tools necessary for an employee to complete a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">job. He also agreed that Infra-Red maintained tools in its shop that Lueck could request. (Tr. 92-94; J. Ex. II, at 37).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that he understood that there was a union requirement for Infra-Red union electricians to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">supply “pliers” when they show up on a job. (Tr. 242).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck testified that [redacted] had connected around 20 to 24 batteries when Lueck heard</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a “pop” and [redacted] screaming. (Tr. 48, 50, 53). He said that [redacted]’s hand was “burned</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pretty badly,” and the batteries were “charred at top.” (Tr. 51). Lueck believed that [redacted]’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">injury resulted from a “fault cause by . . . crossing of posts – battery posts.” (Tr. 49-50).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">3. Infra-Red’s Electrical Safety Training Program</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Bob McDonald testified that Infra-Red requires “[e]very employee” to attend a day-long</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">annual electrical safety training providing by Boston Safety Training. (Tr. 355, 360). Vanasse</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that his company first conducted this training for Infra-Red in 2013, and did so again in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2014, 2016, and 2018. (Tr. 535, 540). He also provided training to a smaller than normal group</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of about six or seven Infra-Red employees in October 2017. He said that Infra-Red typically tries</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“to include all of their employees” in the training, including “office staff so they can understand a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">little more about” what the technicians do. (Tr. 536). According to Vanasse, most companies train</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">their employees less frequently at every three years. (Tr. 535). Vanasse testified that he conducts</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:397.4px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">27</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the training using a Power Point presentation,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.342cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as well as PPE, and “real-life examples.” (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">545-56). He said that the training covers how to work safely, PPE, lock-out/tag-out, the effects of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical shock and arc flashes on the body, and first aid. (Tr. 553). [redacted] participated in this</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:457.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">28</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training on March 21, 2016, along with 13 other people.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.423cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 541-45; J. Ex. XI; Ex. C). Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not take this training prior to the April 2017 incident. (Tr. 74). In October 2017, Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">completed the Boston Safety Training course, entitled “Training for INFRA-RED Building and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Power Service”. (Tr. 54-55, 73-75; Ex. 9).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:66.867px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">27</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">A copy of Vanasse’s Power Point presentation is at J. Ex. X. (Tr. 546-47; J. Ex. X).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">28</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse awarded [redacted] a “Certificate of Completion” for attending and demonstrating understanding of a 6-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">hour Electrical Safety Course based on OSHA, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S Regulations and NFPA 70E Standards, dated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">March 21, 2016. (Tr. 543; J. Ex. XII).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">13</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red also provides “extensive[]” on-the-job training to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">new employees that includes instruction on the company’s safety rules. (Tr. 246-47). He said that</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">new employees are accompanied on jobs by “senior technicians” for “at least months” so “that</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they learn . . . the safety culture and work culture of the company.” (Tr. 247). Bob McDonald</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">similarly testified: “We send them out with experienced technicians . . . that, you know, train</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">them, and basically they observe them for the most part.” (Tr. 356). He agreed that this training</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">included the selection and use of PPE, what tools to use, and safety rules. (Tr. 356-57). Lueck</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that he received this on-the-job training, stating that during his first few months he was</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">accompanied on jobs by another employee who was “generally a senior tech in order to learn the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">ways in which they perform their work.” (Tr. 95). He said that the senior technician would “walk</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">me through . . . what they were doing . . . what the logic is behind the theory, and you know, point</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">out any hazard and what we were doing, you know, on the job.” (Tr. 95). He said he was instructed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to use PPE whenever working with “anything that was potentially live,” and taught that “anytime</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">you go out to perform work, you got to look at the job and try to make an analysis on what it is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that you’re going to be doing . . . . and you know, accurately try to decipher what you should be</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">doing when doing that work.” (Tr. 99).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red also “usually” has new employees take a 10-hour</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA course covering general safety, as well as some electrical safety relating to electrical</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazards. (Tr. 72-73, 245). Lueck testified that he took this training after starting at the company.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 71-72). Bob McDonald testified that when on-boarding new employees he also requires that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they review and sign an employee handbook in his presence. He testified that he observed both</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] and Lueck reviewing employee handbooks. (Tr. 338-40; J. Ex. I, at 0002, J. Ex. II, at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0028). Lueck confirmed that he reviewed the Employee Handbook II and had signed it to indicate</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">14</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:357.267px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">29</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he had done so in around January 2017.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.596cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 87; J. Ex. II). Employee Handbook II instructs</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees that they are “expected to use job risk/hazard analysis techniques to determine the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">correct PPE to meet OSHA and the NFPA standards.” (Tr. 88-89; J. Ex. II, at 34; Resp’t Br., at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">49, ¶ 247).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:359px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">DISCUSSION</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:311.667px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Secretary’s Burden of Proof</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of an OSHA standard, the Secretary must show by a preponderance</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the evidence that: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) the terms of the standard were violated; (3)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">one or more employees had access to the cited condition; and (4) the employer knew, or with the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exercise of reasonable diligence could have known, of the violative condition.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Prods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in relevant part,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">681 F.2d 69 (1st</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Cir. 1982).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">I.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.893cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Item 1 (training)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.332(b)(1), which requires</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees who face a risk of electric shock that is not reduced to a safe level in a manner specified</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">under the standard to “be trained in and familiar with the safety-related work practices required by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their respective job assignments.” More specifically,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated this requirement by failing to train Lueck on the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety-related work practices necessary to safely perform the battery replacement work at the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:256.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">30</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Nantucket police station.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.415cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 8).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:43.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">29</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Bob McDonald testified that the version of the Employee Handbook that was in effect when Lueck was hired was</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Handbook II and appears at J. Ex. II. (Tr. 342-43).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">30</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.095cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The Secretary does not contend that Infra-Red failed to adequately train [redacted]. (Sec’y Br., at 11).</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.203cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Intercontinental Terminals Co</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">., No. 78-5523, 1980 WL 10125, at *13-14 (O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J., March 20, 1980) (The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">occurrence of an accident does not establish that an employee did not receive training.)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicability</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The “Scope” section of the training provision, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.332(a), states that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“training requirements contained in this section apply to employees who face a risk of electric</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shock that is not reduced to a safe level by the electrical installation requirements of §§1910.303</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">through 1910.308,” and adds, “NOTE: Employees in occupations listed in Table S-4 face such a</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">risk and are required to be trained.” Table S-4 includes “Electricians” in its list. Since Lueck was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an electrician, the Secretary argues, the standard applies and required him to be trained on the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety-related work practices that pertained to the battery replacement work. (Sec’y Br., at 8).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red agrees that Lueck was working as an “electrician” and does not dispute that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard applies. (Resp’t Br., at 29; 61-62). Although Infra-Red does contend that there was no</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">legal requirement for the battery replacement work to be performed by a licensed electrician, it</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">does not dispute that the work required electrical expertise and that Lueck was exposed to a risk</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of electric shock during it. (Resp’t Br., at 44). Lueck acknowledged that there was such a risk at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the hearing and stated that he wore PPE while putting the system in bypass, including a fire-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">resistant jacket, gloves, and helmet, for that reason—because he was “interacting with something</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that was live.” (Tr. 41-42.) Since Lueck was an electrician, performing work in that capacity, and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">faced a risk of electric shock during the work, the Court finds that the training requirement</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:146.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">31</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">applies.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.441cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.332(a) Note (expressly stating that “[e]mployees in occupations</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">listed in Table S-4 . . . are required to be trained.”).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:25.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">31</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.069cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">In addition to the scope provision (section 1910.332(a)) that specifically applies to the training requirement, an</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">anterior provision, section 1910.331, sets forth the “Scope” of the entire “SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES”</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">division (sections 1910.331 to 1910.335). Although neither party addresses this anterior scope section, the Court finds</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that Lueck’s work was also covered by its applicability requirements. Section 1910.331(a) states, in part:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:15.867px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The provisions of §§1910.331 through 1910.335 cover electrical safety-related work practices for</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">both qualified persons . . . and unqualified persons . . . working on, near, or with the following</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">installations:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:27.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">16</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.774cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Terms of Standard Were Violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cited training requirement, section 1910.332(b)(1), is located within a division of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Subpart S (the “Electrical” standard) that is titled “SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES,”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:441.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">32</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and which consists of sections 1910.331 to 1910.335.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.427cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.332, titled “Training,” and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subsection 1910.332(b), “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Contents of training</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,” sets forth three categories of required training: (1)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Practices addressed in this standard</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” (1910.332(b)(1)); (2) “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Additional requirements for</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">unqualified persons</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">” (1910.332(b)(2)); and (3) “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Additional requirements for qualified persons</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(1910.332(b)(3)). The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated the first provision, section</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.332(b)(1), which requires that employees “be trained in and familiar with the safety-related</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work practices required by §§1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their respective job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:678.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">33</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assignments.” These sections set forth numerous safety-related work practice requirements.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.372cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary does not allege that Infra-Red failed to provide the additional training required under</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sections 1910.332(b)(2), (b)(3).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated section 1910.332(b)(1) by failing to provide</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“any training” to Lueck before he performed the battery replacement work, and in particular, by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:428.933px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">34</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failing to train him on how “to work with batteries,”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.302cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to “complete a job hazard analysis,” and on</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:66.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(1)</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.055cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Premises wiring</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.06cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">. . . (2)</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Wiring for connections to supply</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">. Installations of conductors that</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">connect to the supply of electricity; (3)</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Other wiring</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">. . . ; (4)</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Optical fiber cable</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">. . . .</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:15.867px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The UPSS battery replacement work involved connecting conductors to a supply of electricity (the batteries), and thus</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">constituted “Wiring for connections to supply.” (The standard does not define the terms “conductors” or “supply of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">electricity,” so their plain meaning applies). Since Lueck was working on or near this wiring, his work is covered by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">this scope provision. As noted above, Infra-Red does not dispute that the standard applies.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">32</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">This division also includes sections 1910.336 to 1910.360, but those sections are presently reserved and lack content.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">33</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">All four of the Secretary’s citation items allege violations of requirements falling within these sections.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:8.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">34</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.032cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Respondent asserts that the Secretary “fails to identify any more particularized electrical safety related training that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">would apply to changing batteries as opposed to working with other sources of live energy.” (Resp’t Br., at 13).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">17</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:331px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">35</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how to “perform the UPSS bypass.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.443cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 8-9). Infra-Red’s position is that it did not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violate the training requirement because Lueck was “trained in and familiar with the safety-related</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work practices required to safely complete” the work that he performed on April 7, 2017. (Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 62).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although the Secretary names three subjects that he contends Lueck needed training on—</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">how to “work with batteries,” to “complete a job hazard analysis,” and how to “perform the UPSS</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">bypass”—the Secretary does not explain why the cited provision would have required Infra-Red</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to train Lueck on these matters. Section 1910.332(b)(1) does not impose an open-ended obligation</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on employers to simply provide “training.” As quoted above, it requires that employees be trained</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on “the safety-related work practices</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">required by 1910.331 through 1910.335</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">that pertain to their</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">respective job assignments</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.18cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(Id.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(emphasis added). The Secretary does not say which of the</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">many safety-related work practice requirements in sections 1910.331 through 1910.335 pertained</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to Lueck’s assignment and that Infra-Red failed to adequately train him on. The Secretary does</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not name a single section that he is relying on as the basis for the alleged training violation. None</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of these sections refer to “work[ing] with batteries,” to “job hazard analys[es],” to “perform[ing]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:333.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">36</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a UPSS bypass,” or to similar topics.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">It is the Secretary’s burden to prove that an employer violated the terms of a standard, and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that burden includes pointing the Court to the specific requirements in a standard that the Secretary</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is alleging have been violated. The Secretary appears to be asking the Court to mine sections</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.331 through 1910.335 on his behalf to find some plausible underlying regulatory basis for</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:36.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">35</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.069cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Respondent asserts that “Complainant failed to identify what additional bypass procedures training should have</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">been provided.” (Resp’t Br., at 14).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">36</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Section 1910.333(a) imposes a general obligation to use “safety-related work practices” to “prevent electric shock</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">or other injuries” when work is performed near equipment that may be energized, but the Secretary has not cited this</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">open-ended duty as the basis for the alleged training violation or explained why it would require Infra-Red to train</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck on the topics he names.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the alleged training deficiencies. The Court finds that it would be improper to undertake this task.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since the Secretary has failed to explain which (if any) of the numerous safety-related work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practice requirements in sections 1910.331 through 1910.335 that he is alleging pertained to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck’s work assignment and that Lueck was not trained on, the Secretary has failed to meet his</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:594.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">37</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">burden to prove to the Court that Infra-Red violated the training provision.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.512cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failure here is akin to accusing an employer of failing to comply with Subpart S—Electrical by</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failing to take some given action (e.g., to require employees to wear safety goggles), without ever</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:616.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">38</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">identifying the specific provision within Subpart S that would require that action.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To the extent the Secretary’s position is that Infra-Red necessarily violated the provision</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">by failing to provide</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">any</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety training to Lueck, this position is belied by the wording of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard. The standard expressly states that an employer is only required to provide training on</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the safety-related work practices in sections 1910.331 to 1910.335 that pertain to the employee’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work assignment. It therefore follows that if none of the safety-related practices would pertain to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a particular job assignment (such as, in this case, changing the batteries), the employer would be</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">under no obligation to train the employee on those practices (at least prior to that specific work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:58.867px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">37</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse testified that [redacted] was trained on the safety related work practices required by sections 1910-331</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">through 1910-335. (Tr. 574; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0247-49).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">38</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">It is possible, though the Secretary does not assert this so this is mere speculation, that the Secretary is interpreting</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">section 1910.332(b)(1) to mean that an employer is obligated not only to train employees on the safety-related work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">practices in sections 1910.331 to 1910.335 that pertain specifically to their work, but also to train them on any other</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">pertinent safety-related work practices (even if not mentioned in those sections), such that the Secretary would not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">necessarily need to cite any of those sections to support his claim that section 1910.332(b)(1) required Infra-Red to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">train Lueck on how to work with batteries, perform the bypass, and to complete a JHA. Such an interpretation is</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">contradicted by section 1910.332(b)(1)’s plain language. Section 1910.332(b)(1) states only that employees “shall be</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">trained in the practices required by §§1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their respective job assignments.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The next provision, section 1910.332(b)(2), states that employees “who are not qualified persons” (as defined under</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">the standard) “shall also be trained in and familiar with any electrically related safety practices not specifically</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">addressed by §§1910.331 through 1910.335 but which are necessary for their safety.” The Secretary has not alleged</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that Infra-Red violated this subsequent provision or claimed that Lueck was an unqualified person who would have</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">been subject to its additional requirement that such persons be trained on “any electrically related safety practices”</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">even those “not specifically addressed by §§1910.331 through 1910.335 . . . .”</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:178.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">39</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assignment).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.439cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Again, it is the Secretary’s burden to inform the Court which specific sections of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a standard he is relying on as the basis for an employer’s alleged violation. Failing to do so is by</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">itself a failure of proof.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:154.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges Infra-Red violated the standard when it failed to train Lueck before</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he performed electrical work at the Nantucket police station. Lueck testified that Infra-Red had</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not trained him to work with batteries before he began the battery work on April 7, 2017. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">53-54). Tom McDonald testified:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:154.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Let’s talk about training. You know that Infra-Red did not train Mr. Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:202.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specifically on battery work before his work on the Nantucket Police Station,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:202.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">right?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:154.533px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Yes, that’s correct.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.667px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 169-70; Exs. 9-10). Lueck said he was not trained to complete JHA forms. (Tr. 56). He</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:106.667px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">further testified that Infra-Red had not trained him to perform the UPSS bypass before he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:338.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">40</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:106.667px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">performed the bypass at the job site.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">But, the record does not support the Secretary’s claim that Infra-Red failed to provide any</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:320.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">41</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical safety training to Lueck.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.482cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 1910.332(c) states that “[t]he training required by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[the training provision] shall be of the classroom or on-the-job type,” and the “degree of training</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:44.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">39</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.06cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">It is possible that the Secretary intended to accuse Infra-Red of failing to train Lueck on the safety-related work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">practice requirements it alleges the company violated in Items 2-4 (i.e., sections 1910.333(a)(2) (other safety-related</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">work practices), 1910.335(a)(1)(i) (PPE), and 1910.335(a)(2)(i) (insulated tool)), but the Secretary did not allege that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red violated the training requirement by failing to train Lueck on the practices required by these sections, and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">the Court finds that it would be improper to presume the Secretary’s intent and fill in the missing allegations on his</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">behalf.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:10.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">40</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.09cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck acknowledged that Infra-Red gave him the UPSS Manual that provided a list of procedures, operating</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">instructions and a description of its functions. (Tr. 54). He also said that Infra-Red had provided him with “a general</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">course in construction safety and health.” (Tr. 72).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">41</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.095cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Multiple witnesses testified that Infra-Red requires that all electrical technicians attend an annual training on</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">electrical safety provided by third-party Boston Safety Training. (Tr. 73-75, 224, 355, 438, 531-32; J. Ex. X). Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">had only been working at Infra-Red for a few months at the time of the Nantucket police station UPSS job and had</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">not yet attended this training; he participated in it afterward. This course included training on how to assess when</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">there is some sort of a risk of an arc flash. (Tr. 73-78; J Ex. X, at 84).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provided shall be determined by the risk to the employee.” Several witnesses testified that Infra-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red has senior technicians train new employees on electrical safety (and other matters) on-the-job,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and Lueck confirmed that he received this training during his first few months with the company.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald, Infra-Red’s president, testified that this on-the-job training of new employees by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">senior technicians is “extensive[ ]” and covers the company’s safety rules. (Tr. 246-47). He said</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that new employees work with senior technicians for “at least months,” with the amount of time</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">depending on when “the feedback” is that the employee is working safely. (Tr. 248). Bob</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald testified that the on-the-job training covers Infra-Red’s safety policies and procedures,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the performance of a job risk analysis, the selection and use of PPE, and what tools to use. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">356-57). Rega referred to the senior technicians who go on jobs with new employees as “the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">trainer,” and when asked who she was referring to, explained: “The more senior technician . . .</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">who is proficient themselves in the jobs we’re training them on so they would advise them on</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proper procedure, safety, and that kind of stuff.” (Tr. 429-31). She said that the newer technician</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">will “go out with the trainer until the trainer tells me they’re good to go on their own,” and that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">time period for this training varies because it “depends on the skill set they bring in,” as “[s]ome</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of them have more experience than others.” (Tr. 429, 431). She agreed that the trainers would go</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">over the company’s safety rules and policies during this on-the-job training. (Tr. 432).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck described receiving this on-the-job training. (Tr. 94-96). He testified that he was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required to work with a “senior tech” during his first few months at Infra-Red so that he could be</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">taught how to perform the work: “They would walk me through . . . exactly, you know, what they</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were doing . . . and you know, point out any hazard and what we were doing, you know, on the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">job.” (Tr. 95-96). He said that he was trained, for example, to use PPE whenever working with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“anything that was potentially live”: “They would say, ‘Dan, put your suit on, get your suit on,’</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">you know.” (Tr. 96). He said he was also taught “that anytime you go out to perform work, you</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">got to look at the job and try to make an analysis on what it is that you’re going to be doing . . .</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and you know, accurately try to decipher what you should be doing when doing that work,” such</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as what type of PPE should be worn. (Tr. 99).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition to this on-the-job training, the record reflects that Infra-Red also provided some</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">more formal and classroom type safety training to Lueck. Just after starting at Infra-Red, he was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">put through a 10-hour OSHA course covering general construction safety, including electrical</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazards. (Tr. 71-72). Upon being hired, Lueck was given the Employee Handbook II and required</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to review it and sign it in Bob McDonald’s presence. (Tr. 87, 338-99; J. Ex. II). Lueck confirmed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he received and reviewed the Employee Handbook II and had signed it to indicate that he had</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:152px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">42</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">done so.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.515cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 87; J. Ex. II). Although the Employee Handbook II primarily covers general</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employment matters and not safety, it instructs employees that they “are expected to use job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">risk/hazard analysis techniques to determine the correct PPE to meet OSHA and the NFPA</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standards.” (Tr. 89; J. Ex. II, at 34). Thus, the Secretary’s contention that Infra-Red violated the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard by failing to provide any safety training to Lueck is contradicted by the record.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In addition, even if the training provision were construed to impose an open-ended</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">obligation on employers to provide any and all electrical safety-related training applicable to the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work being performed—in other words, if it were permissible for the Secretary to cite the training</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">provision without naming the underlying sections within the Safety-Related Work Practices</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">division underlying the alleged training deficiency—he still would not have established that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck’s training was deficient. “To establish noncompliance with a training standard,” the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Commission has held, “the Secretary must show that the cited employer failed to provide the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:39.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">42</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck’s signature does not appear at J. Ex. II.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">22</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">instructions that a reasonably prudent employer would have given in the same circumstances.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:711.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">th</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">N&N Contractors, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 2121, 2125 (No. 96-0606, 2000),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">255 F.3d 122 (4</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Cir. 2001);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.025cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Compass Envtl., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 23 BNA OSHC 1132, 1134 (No. 06-1036, 2010),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">663 F.3d 1164, 1168 (10th Cir. 2011). As discussed above, the Secretary alleges that Infra-Red’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training was deficient in that Lueck was not trained on “how to work batteries,” to “perform a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">UPSS bypass,” and to “complete a job hazard analysis.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">With respect to working with batteries and performing the UPSS bypass, the Secretary has</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not shown that a reasonably prudent employer would have felt the need to give Lueck specialized</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training on these matters. As Infra-Red argues, the Secretary has not identified any “particularized</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical safety related training that would apply to changing batteries as opposed to working with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other sources of live energy.” (Resp’t Reply, at 13). According to Infra-Red, the UPSS battery</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work did not need to be performed by an electrician, and both Lueck and [redacted] were</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">overqualified to do it. (Resp’t Reply, at 4). In addition to the on-the-job electrical safety training</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Lueck received discussed above, the record reflects that Lueck, as a licensed journeyman</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrician, had undergone extensive electrical safety training prior to joining Infra-Red in January</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2017. (Tr. 87). Lueck testified that he graduated from high school in 2011. From 2011 through</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2015, he performed general electrical work at two electrical companies, Donovan Electric and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">CPCO. Lueck became a licensed journeyman electrician in about March 2016. This required him</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to complete 600 hours of electrical education and 8,000 hours of work under a journeyman</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:167.333px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">43</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrician.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.411cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 56, 65-71). Before being sent to the Nantucket UPSS job, Lueck was given the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">43</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.06cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck obtained his 600 hours of electrical education, that included hand tool and general safety training, from a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">trade school, Gould Institute of Construction, based in Canton over a four-year period from 2011 through 2015. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">66-68). He also took a three month, two nights a week, prep course at the Leo Martin School to prepare for his</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">journeyman electrician’s examination. (Tr. 68). He received an Associate’s degree in Applied Science from the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Wentworth Institute in 2017. (Tr. 68-69).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">23</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">UPSS Manual, and he confirmed that he reviewed it prior to performing the work. (Tr. 102-04,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">442).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Multiple witnesses described the task of disconnecting the old batteries and reconnecting</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the new ones as a straightforward process similar to changing a car battery. Lueck testified that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disconnecting the batteries involved pulling off small cables (“jumpers”) secured to posts on the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries with bolts, and that reconnecting the new ones involved the reverse procedure: “so if you</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were to think of it as a car battery, you have two posts, two terminals on a car battery, and you</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">land jumpers that feed the car . . . .” (Tr. 45-46, 111). Tom McDonald testified that “[c]hanging</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries is a simple task,” explaining: “It’s not a mechanical task other than connections that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">you’re making. You’re swapping them out. They fit exactly with the same connectors that came</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">out.” (Tr. 271). Bob McDonald testified that he was surprised when he found out [redacted] had</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been injured “because . . . the level of difficulty for the job wasn’t real high.” (Tr. 402). As for</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">performing the UPSS bypass, Infra-Red notes that the procedure is set forth in the UPSS Manual</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Lueck reviewed and consists of three simple steps: (1) pressing the “STOP” button; (2)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rotating the switch to “TRANSFER”; and (3) then rotating the switch to “BYPASS.” (Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reply, at 6; Ex. E., at 42). The Secretary has pointed to no evidence to rebut Infra-Red’s claim</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the UPSS work was straightforward, and that Lueck was qualified to do it and did not need</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any additional specialized safety training to do it beyond what he underwent to become a licensed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrician and on-the-job during his first months at Infra-Red.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">With respect to training to “complete a job hazard analysis,” the Secretary has not proved</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:304.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">44</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Lueck lacked such training.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.443cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary contends that page 56 of the hearing transcript</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:29.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">44</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The Secretary does not define the term “job hazard analysis” or state that he is using the term in any specialized or</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">technical sense. The Court therefore construes the Secretary’s use of the term literally, i.e., to broadly refer to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">conducting an analysis to determine the hazards associated with a given job.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:27.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">24</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">establishes that “Infra-Red did not train Lueck to complete a job hazard analysis.” (Sec’y Br., at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">8). On that page, Lueck testified that he was not trained “on completing the job hazard analysis</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:145.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">45</span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:11.414cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">46</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">forms,”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.358cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">but he did not testify that he was not trained to perform a JHA.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.52cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 56). Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">subsequently testified that he was trained to perform a JHA before starting work to determine what</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE is necessary. (Tr. 95-99). Specifically, he said that he was taught “that anytime you go out</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to perform work, you got to look at the job and try to make an analysis on what it is that you’re</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">going to be doing . . . and you know, accurately try to decipher what you should be doing when</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:478.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">47</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">doing that work,” such as what type of PPE should be worn.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.397cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 99). This is consistent with 29</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">C.F.R. § 1910.132(d)(1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.032cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hazard assessment and equipment selection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, which states, in part, that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[t]he employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">present, which necessitate the use of” PPE. Bob McDonald agreed that employees are trained to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">perform a “job risk analysis” on-the-job. (Tr. 356).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse testified that Infra-Red’s employees were “trained in safety related work practices</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">relative to the hazards that they faced.” His expert report states, “[redacted] was trained in and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">familiar with the safety related work practices required by 1910.331-335 for the replacement of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the battery system.” (Tr. 599; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0247-48). Vanasse testified that Infra-Red</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were familiar with the safety related work practices required by sections 1910-331</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:54.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">45</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">As discussed later, the Court finds Lueck neither completed a JHA form nor performed a JHA for the work done at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">the job site on April 7, 2017. (Tr. 173-79). However, an employee’s failure to comply with a safety rule does not, by</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">itself, establish a failure to train.</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.095cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Dravo Eng’r and Constructors</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">, 11 BNA OSHC 2010, 2011-12 (No. 81-748, 1984).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">46</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">J. Ex. V is a copy of the JHA form, which is titled “INFRA-RED BUILDING AND POWER SERVICE, INC. Job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:4.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.446cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Hazard Analysis Form.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">47</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck testified:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Q. And what, if any, type of on-the-job training did you receive from those more senior technicians regarding</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">performing any kind of a job analysis on the jobs?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">A. We have safety meetings before – preventive maintenance jobs. You know, anytime we go down to a shutdown</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">– for instance – well, use Dave Major as a example; he’s one of the senior techs. We’ll get everybody together.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">They’ll designate certain tasks and verbally will make an analysis of the dangers involved.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 95-96).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">25</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">through 1910-335 that pertained to their perspective job assignments. (Tr. 574-75). He also stated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that “other safety related work practices” were utilized or available to protect employees who could</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:393.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">48</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be exposed to the electrical hazards involved.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.469cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse testified that an Infra-Red employee’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">failure to determine approach boundaries would be a failure to meet his safety-related work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:614.533px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">49</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practice rule that he covers in the training he provides to Infra-Red employees.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.482cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 574-75,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">629). His expert report states that “Infra-Red has an administrative control in place through the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">application of a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)- Exhibit H [Job Hazard Analysis]”. He also said one</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the important safety related work practices is doing a JHA. He agreed that Infra-Red required</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its employees to complete a written JHA before beginning work. (Tr. 630-34; J. Ex. XVIII, at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0249).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Consistent with this testimony, Infra-Red’s Employee Handbook II states that employees</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“are expected to use job risk/hazard analysis techniques to determine the correct PPE to meet</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA and the NFPA standards.” (Tr. 87, 99, 356; J. Ex. II, at 34). Lueck testified that he had in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fact performed a JHA prior to starting the Nantucket UPSS work. (Tr. 65).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In summary, because (1) the Secretary failed to identify which of the safety-related</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practices in sections 1910.331 through 1910.335 pertained to the work and that Infra-Red failed to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">train Lueck on, or otherwise explain why the cited standard would require the company to train</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck on the three subject matters the Secretary names; (2) the record contradicts the Secretary’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:48.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">48</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse’s Power Point training included “Objectives” relating to:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; ">Safety related work practices</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">• Determine approach boundaries- Shock and Arc Flash</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">• Establishing an Electrically Safe Work Condition</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">• Energized Work Permit and use of special precautionary techniques and PPE.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 629; J. Ex. X, at 0084); (emphasis in original).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">49</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse said approach boundaries keep people at a distance to where they cannot get more than a second-degree</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">burn. They exist for both arc flash and shock. It is also a trigger for workers to wear some arc-rated PPE. He said</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] should have been wearing at least “a 25-Cal system for arc flash protection.” (Tr. 651-55, 660). Vanasse</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">said that [redacted] was trained on and understood limited “approach boundaries.” (Tr. 656-57; J. Ex. X, at 45-47).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">26</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">claim that the company provided no training to Lueck on electrical safety-related work practices;</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(3) the Secretary did not show that a reasonably prudent employer would have given Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specialized training to perform the UPSS battery work or rebut Infra-Red’s contention that Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was qualified to do it; and (4) the Secretary did not prove that the company failed to train Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to complete a JHA, the Court finds that the Secretary has failed to meet his burden of proving that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red violated the terms of section 1910.332(b)(1). Since the Secretary has not shown that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">company violated the terms of the standard, the employee access and knowledge elements of the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary’s prima facie case are moot.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">II.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.727cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Item 2 (other safety-related work practices)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.333(a)(2), which requires</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employers to use “other safety-related work practices” to protect employees working on or near</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">live parts that cannot be deenergized, by failing to use such work practices “to safely complete the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrical work at the Nantucket police station.” (Sec’y Br., at 11). More specifically, the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary alleges that Infra-Red’s employees “failed to perform a job hazard analysis to become</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">familiar with the hazards associated with their work and the precautions to take to avoid harm.”</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicability</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cited provision states that where “exposed live parts are not deenergized (i.e., for</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety-related work practices shall</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards involved.” 29 C.F.R.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">§ 1910.333(a)(2). The Secretary contends that this requirement applies to the UPSS work because</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck and [redacted] were working on energized equipment. (Sec’y Br., at 11). Infra-Red does</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not dispute that Lueck and [redacted] were exposed to live parts and that the standard applies.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">27</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 62-63). The record confirms that both employees were working on and near live</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parts that could not be deenergized due to infeasibility. Lueck testified that he and [redacted] were</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“interacting with something that was live.” (Tr. 41-42.) Tom McDonald testified that batteries</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">cannot be deenergized. (Tr. 248). Vanasse’s expert report also states: “As the energy of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">battery system cannot be removed due to the nature of batteries, the deenergization is infeasible.”</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Ex. XVIII, at 9). The Court finds that the standard applies.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.774cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Terms of Standard Were Violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The cited provision, section 1910.333(a)(2), is given context by section 1910.333(a)(1),</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which states in part: “Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized before</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that deenergizing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">limitations.” Section 1910.333(a)(2) then states that if live parts are not deenergized for such</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasons, as was the case with the UPSS battery replacement work, “other safety-related work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practices shall be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">involved,” and continues:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Such work practices shall protect employees against contact with energized circuit</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parts directly with any part of their body or indirectly through some other</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conductive object. The work practices that are used shall be suitable for the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conditions under which the work is to be performed and for the voltage level of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed electric conductors or circuit parts.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Specific work practice requirements</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">are detailed in paragraph (c) of this section.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(emphasis added). Although the last sentence of section 1910.333(a)(2) states that specific work</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practices requirements are detailed in paragraph (c), it is not clear whether this sentence means</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.041cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the potential work practices that an employer is obligated to use pursuant to section</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.333(a)(2) (where suitable for the work conditions) are detailed in paragraph (c), or if it means</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that paragraph (c) details</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.026cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">some</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.028cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(but not all)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.028cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of such potential work practices. If the latter is the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:31.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">28</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">case, determining whether any given work practice would fall within section 1910.333(a)(2)’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">broad, open-ended mandate would appear to require the adoption of some performance-based test,</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">such as an examination of what a reasonable employer in the industry would have done under</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">similar circumstances. Neither party addresses this issue nor cites to any Commission precedent</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">applying the cited provision.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court does not need to resolve this question, however, because the Secretary contends</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that section “1910.333(c) articulates the specific work practices required under the standard,” and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:709.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">50</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">then points to one of the practices enumerated in that section as the basis for the alleged violation.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 11). Although the citation only cites section 1910.333(a)(2) and does not mention</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any of the specific work practice requirements detailed in paragraph (c), in his Post-Hearing Brief,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary for the first time alleges that Infra-Red specifically failed to implement the work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practice requirement detailed in section 1910.333(c)(2), which states:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not been deenergized under the procedures of paragraph (b) of this section. Such</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">persons shall be capable of working safely on energized circuits and shall be</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:80.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">50</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Consistent with the Secretary’s contention that paragraph (c) “articulates the specific work practices required,” the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">preamble to the publication of the Safety-Related Work Practices division as a final rule states:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The basic intent of § 1910.333 is to require employers to take one of three options to protect</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">employees working on electric circuits and equipment: (1) Deenergize the equipment involved and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">lock out its disconnecting means (§ 1910.333(b)); or (2) deenergize the equipment and tag</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">disconnecting means, if the employer can demonstrate that tagging is as safe as locking (§</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">1910.333(b)); or (3) work the equipment energized if the employer can demonstrate that it is not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">feasible to deenergize it (</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; ">see</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">discussion of § 1910.333(a) for permissible applications of this option</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; ">and § 1910.333(c) for precautions to be taken when work is performed on or near energized</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-weight:bold; ">parts</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:15.867px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">55 Fed. Reg. 31,984, 32,000 (Aug. 6, 1990) (to be codified at 29 C.F.R. Part 1910) (emphasis added). The preamble</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">thus specifically instructs readers to examine paragraph (c) to determine what other safety-related work practices to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#1b1b1b; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">use when working on energized parts.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 11 (citing section 1910.333(c)(2) as the basis for the alleged violation); Jt. Pre-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Hr’g St, at 13-14 (not including section 1910.333(c)(2) in the list of relevant regulatory sections)).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">According to the Secretary, Infra-Red did not implement this requirement because Lueck and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] “failed to perform a job hazard analysis to become familiar with the hazards associated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with their work and the precautions to take to avoid harm.” (Sec’y Br., at 11).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In response, Infra-Red argues that it would be unfair to allow the Secretary to rely on this</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">alleged basis for Item 2 because the Secretary failed to disclose it in discovery. (Resp’t Reply, at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1-2, n. 1). Infra-Red contends that it issued interrogatories to the Secretary “expressly requesting</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Complainant state the basis for its contentions that Infra-Red had violated the OHSA [sic]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regulations . . . including specifically identifying the acts or omission that it contended violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">such regulations,” and the Secretary “repeatedly responded only as follows: ‘See the violation</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worksheets produced in the Secretary’s responses to Respondent’s document request.’” (Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reply, at 1-2, n. 1). According to Infra-Red, the violation worksheet for Item 2 states only that</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“other safety-related work practices were not used” and “[t]hese practices would include extensive</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE and insulated tools.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 2 n. 1). Infra-Red also contends that it complied with the work</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practice requirement detailed in section 1910.333(c)(2) because both Lueck and [redacted] were</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">qualified to perform the work and familiar with everything set forth in the newly cited provision.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 63). In addition, it contends that Lueck and [redacted] both did perform a JHA prior</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to beginning any work. (Resp’t Reply, at 7).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To determine whether the Secretary proved that the terms of the cited standard were</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violated, the Court will address the following issues in succession: (1) the threshold question of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether the Secretary can rely on section 1910.333(c)(2) and an alleged failure to perform a JHA</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as the basis for Item 2 if that was not previously disclosed; (2) if so, whether a failure to perform</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a JHA would constitute a violation of the terms of section 1910.333(c)(2); and (3) if so, whether</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary established that Lueck and [redacted] in fact failed to perform a JHA.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:191.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether the Secretary Can Rely on New Legal and Factual Allegations</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:239.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Not Previously Pled or Disclosed in Discovery</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court construes Infra-Red’s unfairness argument as a claim that it received insufficient</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:709.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">51</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">notice of the nature of the alleged violation and its ability to defend itself was thereby prejudiced.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 9(a) of the OSH Act, 29 U.S.C. § 659(a), requires that a citation “describe with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particularity the nature of the violation, including reference to the provision of the Act, standard,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rule, regulation, or order alleged to have been violated.” In addition, Commission Rule 34(a)(2)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requires the Secretary’s complaint to “set forth all alleged violations” and to state “with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particularity” the “circumstances of each such alleged violation.” 29 C.F.R. § 2200.34(a)(2). The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">particularity requirement in Section 9(a) of the Act does not require “minute detail,” but it requires</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the employer be given “fair notice of the nature of the alleged violation.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.146cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Meadows Indus.,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 7 BNA OSHC 1709, 1710-11 (No. 76-1463, 1979). To provide fair notice, the citation “must</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be drafted with sufficient particularity to inform the employer of what he did wrong,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.016cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">i.e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., to apprise</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasonably the employer of the issues in controversy.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.138cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Brock v. Dow Chem.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 801 F.2d 926, 930</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(7th Cir. 1986). Since a “[l]ack of particularity in a citation may be cured at the hearing,” the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court must determine whether insufficient detail in the citation actually prejudiced the employer.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Meadows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 7 BNA OSHC at 1710-11.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The citation simply paraphrases section 1910.333(a)(2)’s broad requirement that “other</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety-related practices” be used, and does not name any specific safety-related practices that Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red failed to use or provide any other factual description of the circumstances of the alleged</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:36.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">51</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red does not cite any legal authority or legal principle to support its position that the Court should disallow</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that Secretary from relying on newly alleged facts and law.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">31</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation other than the location and date. It does not mention the specific work practice provision</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the Secretary now asserts is the basis for the violation—section 1910.333(c)(2)—or allege that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the company failed to perform a “job hazard analysis.” Nor did the Secretary provide such</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">allegations in the Complaint, Joint Pre-Hearing Statement, or in any other filing prior to his Post-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Hearing Brief. The Secretary also has not disputed Infra-Red’s claim that he failed to provide</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">these allegations to the company in response to its interrogatories expressly requesting such</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">information. Commission Rule 55(b) states: “All answers [to interrogatories] shall be made in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">good faith and as completely as the answering party’s information will permit.” 29 C.F.R. §</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2200.55(b);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.092cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Meadows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 7 BNA OSHC at 1710-11 (noting that “available discovery</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">procedures enable a respondent to obtain sufficient additional information about the alleged</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violations to remedy any lack of particularity in the citation and complaint.”).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although the Secretary failed to provide Infra-Red with reasonable notice of the underlying</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">factual and legal basis for Item 2, the Court finds that Infra-Red was not prejudiced by this failure</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because the parties actually litigated the factual question of whether a JHA was performed during</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the hearing, and Infra-Red had an opportunity to solicit testimony on this issue. After the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary’s counsel asked Lueck whether he or [redacted] had completed one of Infra-Red’s JHA</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">forms on direct examination, Infra-Red’s counsel asked Lueck multiple times on cross-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">examination whether he had completed a JHA. (Tr. 89, 105-06, 116-17, 124). He asked Lueck,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for example, “Is it fair to say that even if you had not completed the [JHA] form, that you, in fact,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had performed a risk assessment before doing any work in Nantucket both on the first and the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">second occasion?” (Tr. 116-17). Lueck replied, “Yes.” (Tr. 105, 116-17). Infra-Red was also</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">allowed to file a reply brief, and thus was also given an opportunity to provide legal argument in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">opposition to the Secretary’s claim that a failure to perform a JHA constitutes a violation of the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">32</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">terms of the provision cited for the first time in the Secretary’s Post-Hearing Brief (section</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1910.333(c)(2)).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:192px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether a Failure to Perform a Job Hazard Analysis Constitutes a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:240px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Violation of the Terms of the Cited Standard</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary does not explain why section 1910.333(c)(2)’s requirement that employees</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">be familiar with precautionary techniques, PPE, etc., would impose an obligation on employees to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">perform a “job hazard analysis.” As quoted above, the provision’s plain language states only that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees must be “capable” and “familiar” with certain safety measures such as PPE and</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated tools; it says nothing about employees needing to perform a “job hazard analysis” prior</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to beginning work. The Secretary asserts that Infra-Red’s safety manual requires each employee</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:573.733px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">52</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“to complete and document a job hazard analysis before beginning work.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.425cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Ex. III, at 0055).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red does not disagree. (Resp’t Br., at 35, ¶ 100d). Infra-Red’s Company Safety Program</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">states:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Job Hazard Analysis</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(emphasis in original)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Each employee is required to complete a Job Hazard Analysis before beginning work on</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any job and turn this into the Infra-Red Building & Power Service office for filing in the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">job folder. The employee should perform a visual and physical inspection of the work area.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">This ensures each employee pays attention to the potential hazards they may face when</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">performing the functions of their assigned work.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 630-35; J. Ex. III at 0055; Sec’y Br., at 11). Vanasse testified that there were no exceptions</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the requirement that each employee complete a JHA in the Company’s Safety Program for any</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">job. He never was provided with any JHA completed by either Lueck or [redacted]. He testified</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that by not doing so [redacted] and Lueck violated the Company’s Safety Program. (Tr. 635-36;</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">J. Ex. III).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:29.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">52</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.023cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse also testified that “[p]ror to doing work that would expose an individual to the risks of the electrical hazard,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">a risk assessment shall be performed which shall include what their exposure to arc flash levels would be and/or their</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">shock hazard.” (Tr. 565; J. Ex. X, at 0170).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">33</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As Infra-Red points out, however, the Secretary is required to prove the company violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the terms of the cited standard, not that the company violated its own safety rules. What the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:508.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">53</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">company’s own rules happen to require is of unclear relevance.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.457cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary also references</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“NFPA 70E - Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace” (NFPA 70E) and quotes it as stating</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that “[a]ppropriate safety related work practices shall be determined before any person is exposed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the electrical hazards involved by using both shock risk assessment and arc flash risk</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessment.” (Tr. 638-40; Ex. 17; Sec’y Br., at 12). NFPA 70E is an electrical safety consensus</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:675px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">54</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">standard published by the National Fire Protection Association, a private industry group.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.464cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">614-15; Ex. 17). Vanasse testified that Infra-Red expected its employees to meet the standards of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">NFPA 70E. (Tr. 615). He agreed that NFPA 70E requires workers to do a JHA before beginning</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work. (Tr. 636; Ex. 17, at 28-30, 54). The Secretary also does not explain why the existence of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">this industry standard has any relevance to this case. The Secretary has the burden of proving that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red violated the cited OSHA standard, not this private industry standard. Finally, the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary cites Vanasse’s testimony agreeing that a failure to “determine an approach boundary”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would be an “electrical safety work practice violation in [his] understanding of the term.” (Sec’y</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 13 (quoting Tr. 629)). Again, the Secretary does not explain the relevance of this evidence.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse did not say what he meant when he agreed that this would be a “violation,” and it is not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clear if he was referring to a violation of OSHA rules, a violation of NFPA rules, a violation of his</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">own best practice recommendations as an electrical safety instructor, or something else. Even if</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">53</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">An employer of course may choose to adopt safety rules beyond the requirements of OSHA standards and should</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">not be discouraged from doing so. Vanasse testified that Infra-Red’s policy requiring the completion of a written JHA</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">is a “Best Practice” not required by OSHA standards. (Tr. 659).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:3.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">54</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.078cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">“NFPA© codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (NFPA Standards) ... are developed through a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute.” (Ex. 17, at 2).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">NFPA 70E states: “Users of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.” (Ex. 17, at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">3).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">34</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he were referring to this as an OSHA violation, Vanasse was not qualified to testify as an expert</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on OSHA law and the Court sustained the Secretary’s own express objection to Vanasse being</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:709.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">55</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">permitted to testify as to his opinions regarding whether Infra-Red violated the cited standards.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 571-73, 589-92).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The company’s own rules, the NFPA standards, and other evidence of common industry</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">practice such as Vanasse’s opinions, could be relevant to determining what “special precautionary</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">techniques” a reasonable employer in the industry would ensure its employees are familiar with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and capable of performing in order to comply with the standard. But even if a “job hazard analysis”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is one of these special precautionary techniques contemplated by the standard, the Secretary does</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not claim that Lueck and [redacted] were unfamiliar with that technique or uncapable of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">performing it; the Secretary instead alleges only that they did not in fact implement it. The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary does not explain why an alleged failure to use any given precautionary technique would</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violate a provision that by its terms merely requires employees to be familiar with such techniques.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although there appears to be no Commission precedent applying section 1910.333(c)(2),</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court finds that the Secretary’s claim that the provision requires employees to perform an</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">undefined “job hazard analysis” is unsupported by the provision’s plain language. The first</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sentence in section 1910.333(c)(2) states: “Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">parts or equipment that have not been deenergized under the procedures of paragraph (b) of this</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">section.” The standard defines a “qualified person” as “[o]ne who has received the training in and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">has demonstrated skills and knowledge in the construction and operation of electric equipment and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">installations and the hazards involved.” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.399. The first sentence thus prohibits</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:23.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">55</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">As the Secretary correctly stated at the hearing, “Violation[s] of applicable standards are legal conclusions,” and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse was not “qualified to analyze the regulations and reach conclusions on legal issues.” (Tr. 572).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">35</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">untrained employees lacking adequate knowledge from working on energized equipment; it says</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nothing, however, about what particular techniques someone who</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">is</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.025cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">qualified must use when doing</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">so (or whether a “job hazard analysis” is one of those techniques).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The second sentence in section 1910.333(c)(2) states: “Such persons shall be capable of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working safely on energized circuits and shall be familiar with the proper use of special</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated tools.” This sentence reiterates that the employees must be “capable” and specifies</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">certain matters that the employees must be “familiar with,” i.e., have knowledge of, prior to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working on energized equipment. The Secretary asserts in a conclusory manner, without</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">explanation, that this provision obligates employees to “familiarize themselves with the hazards at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the worksite by completing and documenting a job hazard analysis.” (Sec’y Br., at 13). The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary appears to be inventing this requirement out of whole cloth, however, because it finds</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:397.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">56</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">no support in the words of the provision itself.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.445cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The provision’s plain language states only that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees must be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.153cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">familiar</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.155cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with special precautionary techniques, protective equipment,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulating materials, and insulating tools; it says nothing about whether and when an employee</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">must actually put such techniques or equipment to use. As noted above, even if conducting a JHA</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is one of the “special precautionary techniques” contemplated by the provision (which the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary has not claimed), the provision states only that employees are required to be familiar</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with such techniques and capable of implementing them, not that they must use them in every job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">no matter the circumstances.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:82.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">56</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">See Stewart Elec. Co.</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">24 BNA OSHC 2098, 2101, 2104 (No. 13-0850, 2014) (ALJ) (finding that “[a]n arc flash</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">hazard analysis is not required by OSHA” where “[t]he Secretary concedes that there is no requirement in the OSHA</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">standards for an employer to perform an arc hazard analysis.”). (Resp’t Br., at 63-64, ¶ 25).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">36</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In conclusion, the Secretary has not alleged that Infra-Red violated the provision because</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck and [redacted] were unfamiliar with JHA techniques and uncapable of implementing them,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:457.4px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">57</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and has pointed to no evidence to support such a claim;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.321cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">instead, the Secretary only attempts to</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">point to evidence that they did not in fact perform a JHA prior to the Nantucket police work. The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary therefore has not established that Infra-Red violated the terms of section 1910.333(c)(2)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or, in turn, section 1910.333(a)(2).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:2.328cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Infra-Red’s Employees Performed a Job Hazard Analysis</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although section 1910.333(c)(2) does not require employees to perform a JHA, and the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary therefore has not established a violation, the Court will still address the factual question</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of whether Lueck and [redacted] performed a JHA. In support of his claim that Lueck and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] failed to perform a JHA, the Secretary cites the following passage of Lueck’s testimony:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Okay. So before beginning work on April 7th, did you do a job hazard</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:191.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">analysis?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Do you know if Mr. [redacted] did – let me re-ask that question. Did Mr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:191.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] do a job hazard analysis on April 7th?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No, not to my knowledge.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 12 (quoting Tr. 48)). The Secretary also cites Lueck’s testimony that neither he nor</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] performed a “shock risk assessment,” an “arc flash risk assessment,” or a “battery risk</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessment” before beginning work on April 7, or determined the voltage they would be exposed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to, the “boundary requirements,” or the “arc flash boundary.” (Tr. 56-57, 639-43; Ex. 17, at 28-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">30, 54; Sec’y Br., at 12-13).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In response, Infra-Red argues that in the passage quoted by the Secretary above, Lueck was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testifying only that he and [redacted] had not completed a JHA form, not that they had not in fact</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:29.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">57</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated the training provision (Item 1) by failing to train Lueck to perform a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">JHA but does not rely on that allegation as a basis for the alleged violation of sections 1910.333(c)(2) and</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">1910.333(a)(2) (Item 2).</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.088cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Sec’y Br., at 11-15).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">37</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">analyzed the hazards associated with the work. (Resp’t Reply, at 7). Infra-Red contends that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck “expressly testified that both he and [redacted] performed a JHA before beginning any</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:139.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">58</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.485cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 89; Resp’t Reply, at 7).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Without question, neither Lueck nor [redacted] completed one of Infra-Red’s JHA forms</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on April 7, 2017. (Tr. 89; Ex. 5). The Secretary’s counsel showed Lueck Exhibit 5; and asked</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">him if he had seen it before and if he knew what it was. (Tr. 42-43; Ex. 5). Lueck replied that he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had and said that it was a “[j]ob hazard analysis form.” (Tr. 42-43). Counsel then asked, “On your</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">initial visit to the Nantucket police station . . . did you complete a job hazard analysis?” (Tr. 43).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck replied, “Nope.” (Tr. 43). On cross-examination, Lueck said that he only meant that he</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had not completed the form, not that he did not complete a JHA at all. When asked, “Is it fair to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">say that even if you had not completed the [JHA] form, that you, in fact, had performed a risk</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessment before doing any work in Nantucket both on the first and the second occasion?” he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">replied, “Yes.” (Tr. 89; 116-17). Lueck testified that he and [redacted] discussed the work they</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would be performing throughout their drive from the ferry station to the police station, which took</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:208.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">59</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">20 to 30 minutes.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.418cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 105-06, 123). He said they performed an assessment and analysis of the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:641.267px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">60</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">risks involved in the work, and that he determined that he needed to wear his PPE suit.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.372cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 124).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:91.333px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">58</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Employee Handbook II states: “Employees are expected to use job risk/hazard analysis techniques to determine</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">correct PPE to meet OSHA and the NFPA standards.” (J. Ex. II, at 0034).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">59</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck testified that he understood that he had a responsibility to determine what the correct PPE would be to use</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">based upon Infra-Red’s Employee Handbook II and on-the-job training he had received at Infra-Red prior to April 7,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">2017. (Tr. 89; J. Ex. II, at 34).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">60</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.081cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red trained its employees annually on the need to complete a JHA before</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">beginning work. He said its employees needed to analyze any hazards they may be exposed to and select the proper</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">PPE. He further testified that Infra-Red’s safety program stated: “Each employee is required to complete the job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">hazard analysis before beginning work on any job and turn this into the Infra-Red Building and Power Services office</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">for filing in the job folder.” Tom McDonald stated that the JHA must be documented. He agreed that neither Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">nor [redacted] completed a JHA form before beginning work on April 7, 2017. He said their failure to complete the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">form was a violation of Infra-Red’s safety program. (Tr. 173-79).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">38</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that the purpose of performing a JHA was to identify the hazards</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and decide upon what PPE to wear. Lueck’s account of his 20 minute discussion with [redacted]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">while driving to the job site did not disclose any specifics regarding the types of hazards they</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:446.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">61</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">identified and precisely what PPE they needed to wear.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.402cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The JHA Form called for Yes or No and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">other entries under “Electrical/Live Work” for: 1) Shock Hazard, 2) Arc (Sticker rating), 3) Arc</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Blast, 4) Potential of Energized Parts, and 5) Trouble shoot/Anticipate unexpected events. The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">JHA Form also called for Yes or No entries under “Environment” for: 1) Noise, 2) Extreme</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Temperature, 3) Falling Objects, and 4) Visibility. The JHA Form also called for entries for “PPE</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worn”, “Other preventative actions taken” and a “Fault Current Calculation”. The JHA Form also</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">called for the technician to sign the JHA Form. (Ex. 5). Lueck’s testimony reflects that these</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">topics were not adequately discussed as part of a JHA by Lueck and [redacted] before they started</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working at the job site on April 7, 2017. Also, [redacted] failed to wear any PPE while working</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the job site on April 7, 2017 despite the requirement to identify any required PPE as part of a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">JHA. [redacted]’s failure to wear any PPE suggests a JHA was not performed prior to work being</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">started. The Court finds Lueck’s testimony that both he and [redacted] had done a JHA before</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">starting work on April 7, 2017 to not be persuasive. The Court find Lueck’s testimony in this</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">respect to not be credible. Furthermore, when a document is required by day-to-day practice to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">show that an event has been done; the absence of any such document calls for a finding that the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">event was not done. The absence of a record of an event that would ordinarily be documented is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">probative of the fact that the event did not occur.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.168cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">U.S. ex rel. Compton v. Midwest Specialties,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:411.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">th</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">No. 96-4374, 1998 WL 30811, at *7, n. 6 (6 Cir. Jan. 22, 1998) (unpublished)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">There is no</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">documentation in the record that shows either Lueck or [redacted] completed a JHA or JHA form.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:39.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">61</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] did not testify at the hearing.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">39</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Accordingly, in view of the above, the Court finds that neither Lueck nor [redacted] performed an</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">actual JHA prior to starting work on April 7, 2017 at the job site.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In conclusion, although the Court finds that Infra-Red’s employees did not perform a JHA,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because the Secretary’s contention that the provision he cites for the first time in his Post-Hearing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Brief requires employees to perform a JHA before every job is inconsistent with the plain language</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of that provision; the Court finds that the Secretary has not proved that the company violated the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">terms of section 1910.333(c)(2) or, as a result, section 1910.333(a)(2). Since the Secretary has not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shown that the company violated the terms of the standard, the knowledge and employee exposure</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">elements of the Secretary’s prima facie case are moot.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">III.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.561cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Item 3 (PPE)</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i), which requires</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees working in areas with potential electrical hazards to use electrical PPE. According to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary, Infra-Red violated this requirement because neither Lueck nor [redacted] wore any</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE while disconnecting the batteries, [redacted] wore no PPE when connecting the new</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:154.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">62</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.33cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and Lueck did not wear arc-rated pants while bypassing the UPSS on both his initial</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">visit and return April 7, 2017 visit. (Tr. 41-42, 61-62, 130; Sec’y Br., at 16).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicability</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The standard states that it applies to “[e]mployees working in areas where there are</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">potential electrical hazards.” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i). The Secretary states that the standard</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">applies because both Lueck and [redacted] were working in areas where there were electrical</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">62</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.065cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck testified that [redacted] had a PPE suit in the back of his truck on April 7, 2017 at the job site. He said</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] was not wearing a PPE suit when working at the job site on that date. He offered to allow [redacted] to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">wear his [Lueck’s] PPE suit because Lueck’s PPE suit was in the room where [redacted] was working. Lueck did not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">tell [redacted] that [redacted] needed to wear the PPE suit. Lueck stated that “I’m sure I should have told him</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[[redacted]] to put his PPE on.” (Tr. 62-63, 129-30).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">40</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazards. Infra-Red does not dispute that both employees worked in areas with potential electrical</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazards and that the standard applies. (Resp’t Br., at 63-64; Resp’t Reply, at 22-25). Lueck</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">acknowledged that he was “interacting with something that was live” when performing the bypass</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work and he wore some PPE for that reason. (Tr. 41). The fact that [redacted] was injured by an</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">arc flash when connecting the batteries also provides evidence that they were working in an area</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">with potential electrical hazards. The Court finds that the standard therefore applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.774cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Terms of Standard Were Violated</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The standard requires employees to be provided with, and use, electrical PPE that is</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i). As stated above, the Secretary contends that Infra-Red violated this</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirement because Lueck and [redacted] failed to wear any PPE when disconnecting the old</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries and reconnecting the new ones, and Lueck failed to wear arc-rated pants when performing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the UPSS bypass on both visits. (Sec’y Br., at 16). Infra-Red agrees [redacted] did not wear any</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE while working at the job site on April 7, 2017. It also agrees [redacted] should have been</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:538.2px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">63</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wearing PPE at that time, and that it was unsafe for him not to do so.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.415cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 198, 660; Resp’t Br.,</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 2, 18). Vanasse’s expert report concluded that [redacted] received an injury as “a direct result</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of his choice not to wear his PPE which he had brought with him.” (J. Ex. XVIII, at 0246).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse’s Expert report states:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Summary Statement Item 2:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As the energy of the battery system cannot be removed due to the nature of batteries, the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">deenergization is infeasible and therefore the work had to be performed energized requiring</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the implementation of “other safety related work practices” as the referenced training</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">outlined. These work practices should have included the use of insulated tools and personal</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">protective equipment (PPE). Specifically, while the employee used an insulated tool, an</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated socket and driver assembly should have been used to disconnect / reconnect the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">63</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.018cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald said that if he had been at the job site, he would have stopped [redacted] from working and probably</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">completed the work himself if [redacted] had no PPE. (Tr. 198).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">41</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">battery system. Voltage rated gloves (class 0 rated to 1000V) with leather protectors should</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have been worn to protect the employee as the hazards of shock and thermal burn / arc</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">flash could not be eliminated, nor the hazard engineered out, the worker substituted for.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Additional PPE including safety glasses, hearing protection, class E or G hardhat, face</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">shield and Arc rated system should also have been worn. Infra-Red provided all of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required material / tools / PPE to the employee. It is my opinion based on the task and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment construction, the incident could have been prevented with the use of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">appropriate insulated tool (insulated socket and insulated driver). Infra-Red provided the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">training in all the work methods required [sic] perform this task without incident, as well</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as Infra-Red supplying all the required PPE and tools to do so.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Ex. XVIII, at 0251).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse also testified: “My conclusion was that if the personal protective equipment that</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was provided was utilized, it would have prevented his injury.” (Tr. 605). He further testified that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[t]he lack of any type of voltage-rated glove and/or leather protector caused the direct injury to</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his hand. Had he worn his voltage-rated glove and leather protector, he would not have sustained</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the injuries to his hand from the arcing event, regardless of the tool that was utilized at that time.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 655-56). Infra-Red does not dispute that [redacted]’s failure to wear PPE during the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disconnection and reconnection work violated the terms of the standard but argues that the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary did not prove it had knowledge of this violative conduct or that Lueck participated in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that work. Regarding Lueck’s failure to wear arc-rated pants when performing the UPSS bypasses,</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red argues that the Secretary did not prove that the PPE Lueck wore was insufficient.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">To determine whether the Secretary established the terms of the standard were violated,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Court will address the following issues in succession: (1) whether [redacted]’s failure to wear</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE during the disconnection and reconnection work violated the standard; (2) whether Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">participated in the disconnection work while not wearing PPE; and (3) whether Lueck’s failure to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wear arc-rated pants during the UPSS bypasses violated the standard. The Court will then</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">separately address the knowledge and employee access elements of the Secretary’s prima facie</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">case.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:29.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">42</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:192px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether [redacted]’s Failure to Wear PPE During the Disconnection</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:240px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">and Reconnection Work Violated the Terms of the Standard</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red does not dispute that [redacted] wore no PPE during the battery disconnection</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and reconnection work. (Resp’t Reply, at 23-24). The record establishes that [redacted] was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to electrical hazards during this work, such as the risk of an arc flash, and that appropriate</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE would have helped protect him against such hazards. [redacted] burned his hand as a result</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of an arc flash. (Tr. 51-52; Ex. 12). Vanasse testified that disconnecting the batteries involved</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“working within the arc flash boundary,” and that [redacted] would not have injured his hand if he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had been wearing his voltage-rated gloves and leather protector. Infra-Red does not dispute this.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 654-56; Resp’t Br., at 18). Since appropriate PPE thus could have protected [redacted] from</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the electrical hazard he was exposed to, the Court finds that that his failure to wear PPE violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the terms of the standard.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Lueck Participated in the Disconnection Work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although Infra-Red admits [redacted] performed the disconnection and reconnection work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">without PPE, it contends that the Secretary did not prove that Lueck performed this work. (Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Reply, at 23). The Secretary alleges that Lueck assisted [redacted] with disconnecting the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries. When Lueck was asked who disconnected the batteries, he replied, “I really can’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:172.6px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">64</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">remember.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.508cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 129). Earlier in his testimony, however, he appeared to testify differently.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When asked to discuss his and [redacted]’s work assignments, Lueck stated:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Well, I had been reading the manual on the UPSS. So I transferred the UPSS, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">then we talked about the work that needed to be performed to remove the batteries.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">So together we removed the batteries because they were heavy, so it was a two-man</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">job.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:63px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">64</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.026cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Regarding reconnecting the new batteries, Lueck recalled: “[[redacted]] was connecting the new batteries . . . I was</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">not doing that work.” (Tr. 130).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">43</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 44-45). He was then asked, “When you were removing batteries, were you disconnecting</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">them?” and he replied, “Yes.” (Tr. 45). Infra-Red contends that Lueck was answering this</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">question “collectively and not individually.” (Resp’t Reply, at 24, n. 8). Although this is plausible,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck was then asked, “Were you wearing PPE at the time that you disconnected the batteries?”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and he replied, “I was not.” (Tr. 45). Since he referred specifically to himself in this answer (“I</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was not”), it appears he understood the “you” in this question as referring to himself rather than</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">collectively to him and [redacted]. Later on during re-direct testimony, Lueck acknowledged that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he was not wearing PPE when moving the batteries. He agreed that he should have been wearing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE when carrying the batteries after they were disconnected. (Tr. 144-45).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds that Lueck helped [redacted] disconnect the batteries and did not wear PPE</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">while doing so. As quoted above, Lueck was directly asked whether he was wearing PPE while</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">disconnecting the batteries, and he replied simply, “I was not.” (Tr. 45). He did not respond by</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">saying that he was not personally involved in disconnecting the batteries and therefore would not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have needed to wear PPE in the first place or provide any other clarification. It is true that when</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">later pressed on cross-examination if he recalled “who actually performed that disconnecting,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether it was you, whether it was , or whether it was both,” he replied, “I really can’t remember.”</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 129). The Court finds this response to be evasive and not credible. Lueck’s initial</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">recollection, as reflected in his earlier response, was that he</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.042cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.042cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">involved in the disconnection</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work. His initial response is also consistent with his testimony that “we should have been wearing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">our [PPE] suits the entire time,” including while carrying the batteries. (Tr. 47, 144-45). The</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court finds that Lueck’s initial, unqualified recollection that he performed the disconnection work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">indicates that it is more likely than not the case that he was involved in the work.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:191.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Lueck’s Failure to Wear Arc-Rated Pants During the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:239.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Bypasses Violated the Terms of the Standard</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:29.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">44</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red acknowledges that Lueck did not wear his arc-rated pants when he performed</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the UPSS bypass on both visits. (Resp’t Reply, at 23). Lueck testified that he brought his “43 Cal</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">suit” on both visits, which he described as “a very thick material that’s supposed to be fire resistant</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. . . and it covers your body from head to toe.” (Tr. 41). He said that the suit consists of a jacket,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">overalls, a helmet, and gloves. (Tr. 42). Although he testified that he wore his helmet, gloves, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">jacket while performing the bypass during both visits, he admitted that he did not wear his arc-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rated pants on either occasion, stating: “I think because I was kneeling on the floor in front of it,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">I felt protected, but obviously that’s not the correct way to wear your PPE.” (Tr. 42, 60).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red argues that there is no evidence that it was necessary for Lueck to wear his PPE</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">pants, pointing to Lueck’s testimony that he “felt protected” since he was kneeling during the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work. (Resp’t Reply, at 23 (citing Tr. 42)). Although Lueck testified that he “was supposed to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wear it all,” Infra-Red contends that he meant only that the company’s own work rules required</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">him to do so or that it was his own opinion (citing his statement that, “we’re told from the day one</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">we get the suit to wear the suit”). Lueck testified that during on-the-job training, he was always</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">told to “suit up” when turning something on or off or working with anything live. (Tr. 62-63, 96-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">98; Resp’t Reply, at 23 (citing Tr. 61, 129)).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The standard requires PPE to be used that is “appropriate” for the parts of the body that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:438.2px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">65</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">need protection and for “the work to be performed.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.464cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 335(a)(1)(i). The Secretary</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">does not explain why arc-rated pants were “appropriate” for the UPSS bypass, or point to any</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:27px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">65</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i) also includes a NOTE that states: “Personal protective equipment requirements are</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">contained in subpart I of this part.” Section 1910.132(a) of Subpart I states:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(a)</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.132cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">Application</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.129cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Protective equipment, including personal equipment for eyes, face, head, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radio-logical hazards, or mechanical irritants</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:172.733px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">45</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence that such pants were necessary to protect Lueck, other than quoting Lueck’s statement</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that only wearing the other parts of his suit was not “the correct way” to wear it “[b]ecause you’re</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supposed to wear it all.” (Sec’y Br., at 16 (quoting Tr. 42)). Nevertheless, the Court finds that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the record establishes that arc-rated pants were appropriate for the work and necessary to fully</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">protect Lueck. Lueck testified that failing to wear the pants was “obviously” not the “correct way”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to wear his PPE. (Tr. 42). Although he may, as Infra-Red argues, have meant that it was not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">correct under the company’s own rules, that would still provide evidence that it is appropriate and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">necessary to do so to be fully protected. In addition, Lueck later made clear in his testimony that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he believed wearing the full PPE suit was something that he should have done to protect himself,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not just to comply with Infra-Red’s rules. When asked why he said it was his duty to wear his</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">PPE, he replied: “It’s clear that we’re dealing with some sort of live voltage, and it’s up to us to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:419.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">66</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">protect ourselves from the hazards that we face.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.49cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 129). He said that this “duty” was to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[o]ur persons,” “[o]urselves,” and that “even if it wasn’t [an Infra-Red rule], I would make it a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:316.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">67</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rule for myself to put my suit on.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.416cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 129). The Court therefore finds that Lueck violated the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">terms of the standard by failing to wear his arc-rated pants during the UPSS bypasses. The Court</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">further finds that Lueck was exposed to electrical hazards that existed at the job site.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Knowledge</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.952cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary must prove that the employer knew, or with the exercise of reasonable</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">diligence could have known, of the violative condition.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC at</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2129. A supervisor’s knowledge of a violative condition is imputed to the employer.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.219cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dover</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">66</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck also admitted that the UPSS Manual instructs technicians to “[w]ear rubber gloves and boots” as PPE when</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:2.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">working on batteries. (Tr. 109, 279; Ex. E, at 0035).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">67</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.081cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Although he responded “Yes” to a general question whether Infra-Red had a work rule that required he and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">[redacted] to wear PPE, he did not identify any Infra-Red work rule that governed work at the job site with specificity.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">He also did not say he had a “duty” to Infra-Red to wear PPE at the job site. (Tr. 129).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">46</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Elevator Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1281, 1286 (No. 91-862, 1993). The Secretary contends that Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red had actual knowledge through its onsite supervisor, Lueck, or “in the alternative,” had</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">constructive knowledge because it “failed to exercise reasonable diligence in allowing an</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unlicensed apprentice and an employee still in his introductory period to work without</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervision.” (Sec’y Br., at 7; Ex. 11, at 30). Infra-Red disputes that Lueck was a supervisor and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">argues that it could not have known that Lueck or [redacted] would have failed to wear PPE</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because it had “extensively trained” them to do so. (Resp’t Reply, at 24-25).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Lueck Was [redacted]’s Supervisor on April 7, 2017 at the Job Site</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.164cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">An employee who “has been delegated authority over other employees, even if only</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">temporarily, is considered to be a supervisor for the purposes of imputing knowledge to an</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employer.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Tampa Shipyards, Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">. 15 BNA OSHC 1533, 1537 (No. 86-360, 1992) (consolidated).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">During the hearing, Tom McDonald was asked during direct examination: “Mr. Lueck supervised</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. [redacted] on Infra-Red’s behalf on April 7, 2017; isn’t that right?” (Tr. 162). He replied:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“That’s your statement. I can’t say that I necessarily agree to that due to their differences in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:326.533px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">68</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">experience and different job tasks.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.45cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Later during cross-examination, he stated he did not have</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an understanding that one was the supervisor of the other. (Tr. 162-63, 232). He agreed, however,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that both he and Bob McDonald stated differently in writing three days after [redacted]’s injury.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 163; Ex. 14). Bob McDonald drafted and signed a letter, dated Monday, April 10, 2017, to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the IBEW Local Union 223’s training director describing [redacted]’s hand injury. (Tr. 165, 232,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">409-10; Ex. 14). In the letter, Bob McDonald wrote: “Why [[redacted]] didn’t have his PPE on</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">would be a question for him</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.023cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">and the supervising electrician</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">.” (Tr. 167; Ex. 14 (emphasis added)).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The “supervising electrician” Bob McDonald was referring to was Lueck, the only employee with</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:23.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">68</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red generally does not assign an employee to be in charge for one or two- day</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">jobs involving one or two employees because they should be working as a team. (Tr. 231).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">47</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] on the job. (Tr. 151, 167-68, 416-17; Ex. 14). Tom McDonald testified that he reviewed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the letter before it was mailed, and added the second sentence, which expressly states that Lueck</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was [redacted]’s supervisor: “[[redacted]] was working</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.046cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">under the supervision</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.046cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of a local 223</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:495.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">69</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">licensed electrician replacing the batteries in the two units.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.517cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 164-67; Ex. 14 (emphasis</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">added)). Thus, three days after the incident both Infra-Red’s president and Operations Manager</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stated in writing that Lueck was supervising [redacted] during the UPSS work. Tom McDonald</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also agreed at the hearing that Apprentice [redacted] could only work under the supervision of a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">licensed electrician when performing electrical work as defined by Massachusetts. (Tr. 153, 168;</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 6). He also agreed that Infra-Red’s safety program required the presence of a foreman on job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:129.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">70</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sites.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.409cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 168).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Despite strong contemporaneous written evidence to the contrary, Infra-Red nevertheless</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:479px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">71</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contends that Lueck was not in fact [redacted]’s supervisor.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.423cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Reply, at 19; Ex. 14). The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">company’s position, apparently, is that its two officials both either misrepresented the facts in their</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">April 10, 2017 letter to the union or were somehow misinformed about the matter at that time.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red cites Lueck’s testimony that he and [redacted] were working “together as a team,” and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he was not [redacted]’s supervisor, and no one had told him he was [redacted]’s supervisor.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 121). Infra-Red also cites Tom McDonald’s testimony, when asked if he had an</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:38.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">69</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:21.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Q. So you said that Mr. [redacted] was supervised on April 7th by a licensed electrician, right?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">A. That’s what I said in that line, yep.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Q. And you were referring to Mr. Lueck, right?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">A. I was referring to Mr. Lueck.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 167).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">70</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red’s safety program states that: “the foreman will monitor all safety activities on the site.” (Tr. 168-69).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.385cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">71</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse’s report referred to [redacted] as the “Employee in Charge.” (Tr. 608, 662; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0246). The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Court finds Vanasse’s description of [redacted] as the Employee in Charge to be without adequate support; and beyond</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">his areas of expertise. [redacted], about age 23, was an unlicensed apprentice electrician at the time. There is no</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">evidence that Vanasse ever spoke to [redacted] about who was in charge at the job site. Lueck was a licensed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">journeyman electrician. His electrician credentials far outweigh those of [redacted].</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.088cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">fn 43, herein.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">48</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“understanding” as to whether Lueck or [redacted] was supervising one or the other, that he “did</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not have an understanding that one was the supervisor of the other.” (Tr. 160, 232). Tom</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald stated that his contrary assertion in the union letter was “probably not an accurate</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">statement,” though when asked if he “assumed it to have been true at the time,” confusingly</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">replied, “Yeah – well, you know, [Lueck] was a licensed electrician, and was an apprentice.” (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">233; Ex. 14). Bob McDonald also agreed that he did not know whether the letter’s assertion that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck was supervising [redacted] was true. (Tr. 410-11; Ex. 14).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds that Tom and Bob McDonald’s testimony regarding Lueck’s supervisory</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">status lacks credibility. Their testimony, at times, was ambiguously worded, and they failed to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">persuasively explain why, if Lueck was not a supervisor or they had no knowledge about that issue,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">they purposefully inserted a sentence into their union letter expressly stating that Lueck</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.071cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervising [redacted]. They were apparently either readily willing to misrepresent matters in</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">writing to the union or were misrepresenting matters (or feigning to lack knowledge) during the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hearing. Lueck also had the authority to require the use of PPE while he and [redacted] worked at</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the job site. Lueck testified:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Q. And from your understanding of the work assignments on April 7, 2017, was there</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">anybody on-site who had the role such that could require the use of PPE?</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">A. I – I guess.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 47).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the above, the Court finds that Lueck was acting as [redacted]’s supervisor while</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the work was being performed at the Nantucket Police Station on April 7, 2017. Accordingly, the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court finds that the Secretary has established actual knowledge through the imputation of Lueck’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">knowledge.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Tampa Shipyards,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">15 BNA OSHC at 1537.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:192px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Infra-Red Could Have Learned of the Violative Conditions</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:240px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">with the Exercise of Reasonable Diligence</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:29.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">49</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Whether an employer could have learned of a violative condition with reasonable diligence</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is determined “based on several factors, including an employer’s obligation to inspect the work</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">area, anticipate hazards, take measures to prevent violations from occurring, adequately supervise</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees, and implement adequate work rules and training programs.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.182cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Jacobs Field Serv. N.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Am.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1216, 1218 (No. 10-2659, 2015). The Secretary argues that if Lueck was not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervising [redacted], as Infra-Red maintains, then the company failed to exercise reasonable</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">diligence because it allowed an unlicensed apprentice electrician to work on live equipment</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">without supervision “in violation of Massachusetts law.” (Sec’y Br., at 15, 17). The Secretary</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">also argues that Infra-Red did not have a clear work rule regarding when PPE was required, and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that this also reflects a lack of reasonable diligence. (Sec’y Br., at 17).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence supports the Secretary’s claim that it would have been unreasonable for Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red to allow an unlicensed electrician to perform the work without any supervision. As discussed</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">above, the company’s president, Tom McDonald, admitted that he took care to deliberately insert</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the following sentence in a letter to a union representative regarding [redacted]’s injury:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[[redacted]] was working under the supervision of a Local 223 licensed electrician . . . .” (Tr.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">165; Ex. 14). Although McDonald claimed that this was “probably not an accurate statement,” the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fact that he felt the need to revise the letter to include this specific sentence despite its purported</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">inaccuracy provides strong evidence that it would have been improper to allow an unlicensed</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrician to perform the hazardous work unsupervised. (Tr. 233). The company’s Operations</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Manager, Bob McDonald, similarly referred to Lueck as a supervisor in the letter, writing that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[w]hy he didn’t have his PPE on would be a question for . . . the supervising electrician.” He</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wrote this despite claiming at the hearing that he did not “have personal knowledge whether it was</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">true” that Lueck was supervising [redacted], which further reinforces the natural inference that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">50</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both he and Tom McDonald believed a failure to supervise [redacted] would have reflected poorly</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on it (or perhaps would have violated union rules). Tom McDonald initially testified that he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">believed that because [redacted] was an unlicensed apprentice electrician, under Massachusetts</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:591.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">72</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">law he “could only work under the direct supervision of licensed electrician.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.404cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 158-60; Exs.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">6, 14). He later contradicted himself during cross-examination by saying that there was no</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirement for [redacted] to be working under a journeyman electrician at the job site because the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work did not involve installing electrical wiring, conduits, and appliances, or making such repairs</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:673.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">73</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as may be required only on the premises and property of persons, firms, or corporation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.482cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court rejects this “after-the-fact” explanation and finds that the work performed by [redacted]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">needed to be performed under the supervision of a journeyman electrician. Infra-Red dispatched</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a journeyman electrician to the job site to accompany [redacted]. Infra-Red’s April 10, 2017 letter</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to IBEW Local Union 223 asserted that [redacted] “was working under the supervision of a Local</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">223 licensed electrician replacing the batteries in two UPS units.” It did not raise any argument</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the work allowed [redacted] to not work under the supervision of a licensed journeyman</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">electrician. (Tr. 212-14; Ex. 14). Additionally, if the Court were to accept Infra-Red’s argument</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Lueck was not [redacted]’s supervisor on April 7, 2017, and it does not, all of the above</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evidence indicates an Infra-Red decision to allow an unlicensed electrician to work on hazardous</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment with no supervision would show a lack of reasonable diligence. In that event, Infra-</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red would have had no supervisor on site to observe or correct [redacted]’s failure to wear PPE,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and he would have been injured as a result.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">72</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.018cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Massachusetts law states that an “apprentice shall mean a person who, not having been licensed under the provisions</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">of M.G.L. [Massachusetts General Law] c. [Chapter] 141, is learning to properly perform electrical and systems work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">under the direct supervision of an appropriately licensed person.” (Tr. 157-58). The Massachusetts General Law</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">further states: “Direct supervision means direct personal on-site supervision.” (Tr. 298-99).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">73</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald said: “[I]t’s not something I would normally classify as that, no.” (Tr. 214).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">51</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence also supports the Secretary’s claim that the company lacked a clear work rule</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding PPE use, which further exhibits a lack of reasonable diligence. Infra-Red contends that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]’s failure to wear PPE violated its “well-established and extensive . . . work rules.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 22, 25). But the company never clearly states what those relevant PPE work rules</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were that it had in place to prevent the violation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.176cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.034cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 21-23, 66-67 (sections of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">principal brief presenting UEM defense); Resp’t Reply, at 30-34 (section of reply brief discussing</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the UEM defense)). Infra-Red first states that its Employee Handbook mandates that field workers</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wear cotton clothing and work boots, and “perform a job risk analysis to determine what</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">PPE</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should be worn.” (Tr. 88; Resp’t Br., at 11 (citing J. Ex. II, at 34)). The Employee Handbook</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">further states that employees “are expected to use job risk/hazard analysis techniques to determine</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:492.8px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">74</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to [sic] correct PPE to meet OSHA and the NFPA standards.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.422cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Ex. II, at 34). Infra-Red later</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">describes its PPE rule differently, however, stating: “Infra-Red trained its employees to always</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wear their PPE whenever working with a potentially live energy source. Stated otherwise, Infra-</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red employees were required to always wear their PPE in such situations, regardless of what an</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">arc flash calculation might reflect.” (Resp’t Br., at 17-18). Lueck testified that it “was expected</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of us that we always wear our suit when performing any type of task related to energized equipment</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or checking to see if that equipment was energized or not.” (Tr. 99). Tom McDonald testified</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he “coaches” all employees to wear “more than the minimum PPE”. (Tr. 283). Francis</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that the amount of PPE employees were required to wear “depends on what job you are</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:144.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">75</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">doing”.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.554cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse testified that [redacted] was required to wear PPE regardless of what the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:20.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">74</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">This is consistent with the Company Safety Program, which states: “The appropriately rated arc flash protection</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">equipment, as determined by the job hazard analysis shall be worn.” (Tr. 354; J Ex. III, at 0056)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">75</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Francis has worked at Infra-Red since about 2008 and is not an electrician. (Tr. 450). He is the employee responsible</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">for maintaining equipment and distributing PPE suits to electricians. When working on batteries, Francis stated, at a</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">minimum, employees were supposed to be wearing a “12-cal flash suit”, along with rubber gloves inserted into a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">leather glove. (Tr. 450-53, 460; Ex. 4, at 1). No one testified that [redacted] wore a 12-Cal or 40-Cal suit when he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">worked on batteries in Infra-Red’s shop. On the contrary, Bob McDonald said he saw [redacted] working in the shop</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">52</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">calculation of the arc flash boundary was. (Tr. 657). Given these varying, conflicting and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">confusing company rules on PPE, Lueck understandably prevaricated when asked to identify a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specific Infra-Red safety rule that articulated minimum PPE requirements for all jobs. He said he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had not read any Infra-Red rule that said he should have told [redacted] to put PPE on for the job.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">He also did not recall Infra-Red having any rule that required him to call Infra-Red to report he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">saw another employee working without PPE. (Tr. 61-63). This evidence reflects that Infra-Red</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">did not have a clear work rule regarding whether and what amount of PPE was required for the job</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the police station.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In conclusion, the Court alternatively finds, assuming Lueck was not [redacted]’s on-site</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervisor, that the Secretary has established Infra-Red’s constructive knowledge of Lueck and</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]’s failure to wear adequate PPE due to Infra-Red’s failure to exercise reasonable</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">diligence by dispatching an unlicensed apprentice electrician to perform the UPSS work without</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">any on-site supervision and the lack of a clear work rule regarding the use of PPE at the job site.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">D.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Access to the Cited Condition</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary must prove that one or more employees had access to the cited</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">condition.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.106cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC at 2129. As is evident from the discussion above,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the Secretary established that Lueck and [redacted] had access to the violative condition; they were</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed to an electrical hazard due to their failure to wear PPE while performing the UPSS battery</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work. The Court therefore finds that the Secretary established all of the prima facie elements of a</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">section 1910.335(a)(1)(i) violation.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">E.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.773cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Unpreventable Employee Misconduct Defense</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:60.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">wearing only gloves, and not a suit. (Tr. 363). Nothing in the record indicates [redacted] was disciplined for not</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.406cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">using proper PPE when working on batteries at the Holbrook shop.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">53</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red argues that the violation resulted from unpreventable employee misconduct</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(UEM) (Resp’t Br., at 21-23, 66-67; Resp’t Reply Br., at 30-34). UEM is an affirmative defense</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to a violation.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.185cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Manganas Painting Co.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.041cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">21 BNA OSHC 1964, 1997</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.037cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 94-0588, 2007). To</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">establish the UEM defense, an employer must prove that it: “(1) established work rules designed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:419px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">76</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to prevent the violative conditions from occurring;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.478cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(2) adequately communicated those rules to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its employees; (3) took steps to discover violations of those rules; and (4) effectively enforced the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:353.267px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">77</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rules when violations were discovered.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.416cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">(Id.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The factors that the Commission considers when</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">evaluating the UEM defense are the same as those it considers when evaluating whether the</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary established constructive knowledge.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.182cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Burford’s Tree, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 22 BNA OSHC 1948,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1951-52 (No. 07-1899, 2010) (“The Commission has considered these same factors in evaluating</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">both an employer’s constructive knowledge and the merits of an employer’s unpreventable</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:475.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">th</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conduct affirmative defense.”),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">413 F.App’x 222 (11 Cir. 2011) (unpublished);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">S.J. Louis</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Constr. of Tex.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC 1892, 1898, n. 17 (No. 12-1045, 2016) (citing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Burford’s Tree</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the proposition that the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.014cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">factors for evaluating constructive knowledge are the same for evaluating</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">unpreventable employee misconduct affirmative defense”);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Dana Container, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 25 BNA OSHC</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">76</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck initially testified that he did not recall Infra-Red having a safety rule that required him to inform Infra-Red</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that he saw another employee working without PPE. (Tr. 63). During cross-examination, he agreed that Infra-Red’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Employee Handbook II states that employees have a responsibility to report any unsafe working condition. (Tr. 90-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">91; J. Ex. II, at 44). Specifically, the Employee Handbook II states:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">As an employee, you have a duty to comply with the safety rules of Infra-Red Building and Power Services,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">to assist in maintaining a hazard-free environment, to report any accidents or injuries, and to report any unsafe</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">equipment, working condition, process, or procedure immediately to a supervisor.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 200-01; J. Ex. II, at 44).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Lueck was required, but failed, to report [redacted]’s failure to wear any PPE to Lueck’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">supervisor. He also said Infra-Red’s Employee Handbook II required Lueck to be disciplined for this failure. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">201-02, 253-54; J. Ex. II, at 27, 45).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.254cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">77</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.078cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Lueck testified that Infra-Red’s Employee Handbook II states that the creation of a hazard by an employee or</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">disregard of safety rules would be dealt with through disciplinary action. (Tr. 91-92; J. Ex. II, at 37, 45). Infra-Red</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">did not discipline Lueck or [redacted] for anything that they did working on the Nantucket Police Station project. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">63-64; 196-98, 419-20). Lueck testified that he considered a discussion he had with Chip McDonald about what he</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">could have done better to be a form of discipline “in a sense”, but he could not recall what he could have done better.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">(Tr. 139).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">54</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1776, 1780-82 (No. 09-1184, 2015) (finding violation foreseeable due to an inadequate safety</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:499.333px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">th</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">program based on lack of UEM factors),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 847 F.3d 495 (7 Cir. 2017).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">First, Infra-Red did not have a clear work rule on the use of PPE. As an essential element</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the misconduct defense, the employer needs to establish that it has work rules designed to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prevent the unsafe condition or violation of an OSHA standard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.164cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Pride Oil Well Serv.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">OSHC 1809, 1816 (No. 87-692, 1992). A work rule is defined as “an employer directive that</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requires or proscribes certain conduct, and that is communicated to employees in such a manner</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that its mandatory nature is made explicit and its scope clearly understood.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.K. Butler Builders,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 5 BNA OSHC 1075, 1076 (No. 12354, 1977). As discussed above, the evidence establishes</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Infra-Red lacked a clear work rule regarding PPE use.</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red also failed to prove that it: 1) effectively communicated a clear use of PPE work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rule to its employees, 2) took adequate steps to discover violations of any such rule, and 3)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">effectively enforced any such rule when a violation was discovered. Given that Infra-Red lacked</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a clear work rule to communicate, monitor, and enforce, it cannot establish any of these additional</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirements. In addition, Infra-Red does not point to any persuasive evidence that it monitored</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">worksites or otherwise took steps to discover safety rule violations.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although an employer is not required to provide constant surveillance, it is expected to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">take reasonable steps to monitor for unsafe conditions.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.055cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ragnar Benson, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 18 BNA OSHC 1937,</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1940 (No. 97-1676, 1999);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Texas A.C.A., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 17 BNA OSHC 1048, 1050 (No. 91-3467,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1995) (employer’s duty is to take reasonably diligent measures to detect hazardous conditions</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">through inspections of worksites; it is not obligated to detect or become aware of every instance</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of a hazard). Infra-Red states vaguely that its “work rules were actively monitored (by Tom</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:84.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">55</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:495.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">78</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald and others),” but it cites to no supporting evidence.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.406cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 22; Resp’t Reply,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 31-32). Its stated position regarding Lueck’s supervisory status, moreover, undermines this</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">claim. According to Infra-Red, it sent an unlicensed apprentice electrician to perform highly</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">hazardous work on an island reachable by ferry without any supervision or means for it to monitor</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">his compliance with the company’s safety rules. Tom McDonald admitted that he had no intention</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of visiting the Nantucket worksite. (Tr. 160). Although the Court finds the company’s claim that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck was not a supervisor inconsistent with the evidence, the company’s position that it would</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have been acceptable to allow him and [redacted] to work unsupervised contradicts its contention</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that it always actively monitors its worksites.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse testified that Infra-Red provided Lueck and [redacted] with PPE that was specific</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to the work to be performed on April 7, 2017. His expert report states “appropriate PPE was</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">available for the task ....” (Tr. 575-76, 592-93). He concluded, however, that [redacted] “chose</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not to utilize it [PPE] resulting in his injuries.” (J. Ex. XVIII, at 0252).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red also failed to show that it effectively enforces its safety rules when it discovers</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violations. “To prove adequate enforcement of its safety rule, an employer must present evidence</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of having a disciplinary program that was effectively administered when work rule violations</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occurred.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.176cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gem Indus., Inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">., 17 BNA OSHC 1861, 1865 (No. 92-1122, 1996),</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.034cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 149 F.3d</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:146.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">th</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1183 (6 Cir. 1998). In an effort to demonstrate an effective discipline enforcement program,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red points to an example where, in November 2010, Tom McDonald issued a written</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">warning to an employee, Jamie Miranda, for performing switching operations without wearing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">proper PPE. (Tr. 261-62; Ex. 13; J. Ex. IV). A lone example of a written warning issued nearly</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:30.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">78</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.023cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red cites Tom McDonald’s testimony at Tr. 161, lines 1-4. (Resp’t Br., at 36). In these lines, Tom McDonald</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.012cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">was asked if he was the only member of management that visits worksites to check on employees, and he replied</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">simply, “I cannot say that that’s true.” (Tr. 161). He did not testify that he and others “actively monitored” work rule</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">compliance.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">56</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">six and a half years before the violation at issue does not by itself demonstrate an effective</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:518.333px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">79</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">enforcement of company rules when violations were discovered.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.482cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Additionally, the Nantucket</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">UPSS incident was not the first time Infra-Red learned [redacted] failed to bring his required PPE</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to a job site. Tom McDonald testified that in about September 2016, [redacted] went to an</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">emergency job at a warehouse in Readville without any PPE. Although at the hearing, Tom</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald testified that he did not know whether this was a violation of Infra-Red’s work rules,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">during his pre-hearing deposition he admitted that he had stated [redacted]’s act was a PPE</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation. This “bigger error” caused Tom McDonald to get into his car and go over to the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">warehouse and perform the switching work himself. Tom McDonald wore his own PPE because</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">switching work required PPE be worn. Other than receiving an apology and a promise “to never</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">– never do that again and to always make sure he had his stuff [PPE] with him,” no disciplinary</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">action was taken against [redacted]. (Tr. 263-67, 294, 299-304, 420). This ineffective</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">communication did not motivate and cause [redacted] to comply with Infra-Red’s PPE rules six</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">months later at the Nantucket job site. Bob McDonald also testified that he observed [redacted]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">wearing only his insulated gloves, and not his PPE suit, when assembling battery packs containing</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:469.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">80</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">12-volt batteries for UPSS in Infra-Red’s Holbrook shop.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.46cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 361-70; Ex. D). Infra-Red has</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:122.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">79</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.039cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse’s testimony emphasized the importance of supervising employees working in the field. He said: “And if</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">you find through your supervision or operations that they are not working safely, you have an obligation to ensure that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">you’re correcting that.” The Court, however, rejects Vanasse’s opinion that the lone instance where Infra-Red took</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">disciplinary action against an employee demonstrated that Infra-Red had an effective enforcement of company rules</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">as of April 2017. (Tr. 603-04).</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">80</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.018cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Bob McDonald said he has not observed [redacted] working outside Infra-Red’s Holbrook facility. He further stated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that the work [redacted] performed at Infra-Red’s Holbrook shop and elsewhere between about January 4, 2016</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">through March 13, 2017 was similar in nature to the work [redacted] performed at the job site on April 7, 2017. Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Red had a contract with Verizon to replace batteries in 911 systems in all of the police stations in Massachusetts. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">366-67, 390-400, 413-14; Ex. D). Rega assigned [redacted] to all of these jobs. (Tr. 440-42).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">57</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:94.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:680px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">81</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not shown that it effectively enforced company PPE rules when violations were discovered.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.402cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">For</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">these reasons, Infra-Red’s UEM defense fails.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:37.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">F.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.799cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Characterization</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary characterized the PPE violation as “serious.” Under section 17(k) of the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Act, a violation is serious if “there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">could result . . . .” 29 U.S.C. § 666(k);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Pete Miller Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19 BNA OSHC 1257, 1258 (No.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">99-0947, 2000) (a violation is serious if “a serious injury is the likely result should an accident</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occur.”). Vanasse described the severe injuries that can occur as a result of an arc flash and these</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">included “thermal burns, potential cardiac arrest, potential blindness, hearing loss,” as well as</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">nerve damage and “a concussion to your head or potentially collapsed lungs.” (Tr. 559; J. Ex. X,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 0114). The record establishes that Lueck and [redacted]’s failure to wear appropriate PPE at the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">job site exposed them to a risk of serious electrical injury, and that [redacted] in fact suffered a</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">serious hand burn requiring that he be taken to a hospital. The Court finds that the violation was</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">serious.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">G.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.727cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Penalty</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Section 17(j) of the Act requires that the Commission consider four factors when</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assessing a penalty: (1) the employer’s size; (2) the gravity of the violation; (3) the employer’s</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:17.333px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.513cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">good faith; and (4) the employer’s prior history of violations.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.041cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. § 666(j);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Compass</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Envtl., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">23 BNA OSHC at 1137. The gravity of the violation is generally accorded greater</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">weight than the other factors.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J. A. Jones Constr. Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 2201, 2213-14 (No.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">87-2059, 1993). The gravity of a violation “depends upon such matters as the number of</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:42.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">81</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.023cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Infra-Red also took ineffective steps to discover violations of its PPE rules. It regularly dispatched teams comprised</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">of one or two electricians to work sites without designating anyone in-charge as foreman or supervisor. (Tr. 231).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">58</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees exposed, the duration of the exposure, the precautions taken against injury, and the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">likelihood that any injury would result.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.104cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The statutory maximum penalty for a serious</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation at the time the citation was issued in July 2017 was $12,675. 29 U.S.C. § 666(b); 83</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Fed. Reg. 7-01, 15 (Jan. 2, 2018).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary argues that Infra-Red should receive the maximum penalty in effect in</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2018, which was $12,934. 83 Fed. Reg. at 15. In the citation, however, the Secretary proposed a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">much lower penalty of $8,873. The Secretary does not explain (or mention) this discrepancy. In</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">support for the most recently proposed penalty, the Secretary emphasizes that Infra-Red’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were exposed to potentially lethal levels of electricity, and that [redacted] suffered a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">severe hand injury as a result of his failure to wear PPE. (Sec’y Br., at 22). Infra-Red argues</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that any penalty should be “substantially discounted” due to its “small size, its good faith at all</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">times, and its stellar safety record.” (Resp’t Reply, at 34).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court finds that the gravity of the violation was very high as Lueck and [redacted]</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were exposed to potentially lethal levels of electricity. (Tr. 143, 628; Ex. E, at 0011). Infra-Red</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">is a moderately sized company with about 40 employees; a discount is warranted for its size.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 149). As the company’s president and Operations Manager failed to straightforwardly</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">explain why they described Lueck as a supervisor in their union letter if he was not in fact a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">supervisor,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and gave confusing, ambiguous responses when asked about it, a discount for good</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">faith is not warranted. The Court agrees with Infra-Red, however, that some discount from the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">statutory maximum penalty is warranted due to its lack of prior violations and excellent safety</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">record. CO Amara acknowledged that Infra-Red told him that the company had no prior</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">workplace injuries in at least the five years prior to the hearing, and that this was a “very good”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">safety record. (Tr. 516). Based on these considerations, as well as the Secretary’s failure to</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">59</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">justify significantly increasing the penalty above what was originally proposed in the citation, the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Court assesses the original penalty amount proposed: $8,873.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:34.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">IV.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.589cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Item 4 (insulated tool)</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(2)(i) because</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted] failed to use a properly insulated tool when connecting the replacement batteries. (Sec’y</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 18). Section 1910.335(a)(2)(i) requires employees working near exposed energized</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">conductors or circuit parts to use insulated tools if the tools might make contact with the conductors</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">or parts. Photographs of the tool at issue as it appeared on June 26, 2018 are at exhibits F and G.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 112-116; Exs. F-G).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">A.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Applicability</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary states that the standard applies because [redacted] and Lueck were working</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">on exposed energized conductors. (Sec’y Br., at 18). Infra-Red does not dispute that they were</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working on or near energized conductors, and that the requirement to use insulated tools applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Resp’t Br., at 64; Resp’t Reply, at 26-30). As discussed above, the record establishes that both</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees worked near energized conductors and circuit parts. The Court finds that the standard</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">applies.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">B.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.773cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Whether Terms of Standard Were Violated</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleges that Infra-Red violated the terms of the standard because [redacted]</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">used slip joint pliers that were “not properly insulated” when connecting the new batteries. (Sec’y</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 18). Infra-Red contends that the tool [redacted] used had insulated handles that were</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">appropriate for the work and therefore it complied with the standard. (Resp’t Br., at 64).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although the Secretary does not dispute that [redacted]’s tool had insulated handles, he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contends that it was not “properly insulated” because it had a “dangerous amount of uninsulated,</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:31.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">60</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">exposed metal.” (Ex. 12, at 1-2; Sec’y Br., at 18). The cited provision states only that employees</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“shall use insulated tools,” and does not spell out what qualifies as an insulated tool or indicate</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:441.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">82</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">whether a tool with insulated handles would qualify.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.478cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(2)(i). Neither</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">party has cited any Commission precedent applying the provision. Implicit in the provision’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirement to use insulated tools, however, is a requirement that the insulation be sufficient to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasonably protect the employee during the work being performed. A tool with insulation only</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">covering the handles would therefore comply with the provision if such insulation were sufficient</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to reasonably protect the employee. This interpretation is consistent with OSHA’s statement in an</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">interpretation letter, in response to a question regarding how “insulated tools” is defined, that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“[w]hen any tool or handling equipment is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated in</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a manner suitable for the conditions to which it is subjected.” OSHA Std. Interp. 1910.137 (Dec.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">27, 1991).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The strongest evidence supporting the Secretary’s position that [redacted]’s tool was</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insufficiently insulated to protect [redacted] is the expert written report of Dean Vanasse, which</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:388px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">83</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was admitted into evidence as a joint exhibit.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.43cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(J. Ex. VIII; Tr. 26, 573). In his report, Vanasse</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">stated that [redacted]’s tool was inappropriate for the work because it had too much exposed metal,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and that he should have instead used an insulated socket wrench:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">When [[redacted]] began the disassembly, he apparently determined that he did not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">insulated socket required</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and asked Dan [Lueck] if he had any tools he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">could use, Dan had the insulated slip joint pliers and provided them to . should</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have been aware that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">there was too much exposed metal on this tool</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:-.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which could</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">short any battery terminals to each other or to the rack and not used it. The work</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:20.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">82</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.044cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The term “insulated” is defined separately in Subpart S as follows: “Separated from other conducting surfaces by</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">a dielectric (including air space) offering a high resistance to the passage of current.” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.399. Although</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">this definition indicates that the material covering a tool must present a high resistance to the passage of current to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">qualify as insulation, it does not indicate whether such material must cover all parts of the tool in order to comply with</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.402cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">section 1910.335(a)(2)(i).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">83</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The Court finds Vanasse’s courtroom testimony that was contrary to his written expert report to be unpersuasive</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">and not credible. (Tr. 645-46, 664).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">61</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">should have stopped until the correct tools were obtained, but unfortunately the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">work continued and the incident occurred.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 645-47; J. Ex. XVIII, at 0246 (emphasis added)). Vanasse added that [redacted]’s decision to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“use the wrong tool for the job caus[ed] the incident . . . .” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Vanasse later reiterated that the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“most appropriate tool to be utilized for the task . . . was an insulated socket / insulated driver rated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1000V,” and explained that the “incident apparently occurred as a result of utilizing an insulated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">slip joint pump plier which has exposed uninsulated parts of sufficient dimensions to either bridge</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:658.867px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">84</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the air gap or make contact of one energized cell terminal to another cell terminal . . . .”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.416cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0253). He concluded his discussion of Item 4 by stating: “The employees’ choice to use the pliers</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">resulted in the incident.” (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">). Vanasse further stated in his expert report that: [redacted] “should</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have known the tool he was using was inadequate for the task and was putting himself at risk in</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">utilizing the slip joint pliers for the task.” Vanasse’s expert report also stated: “It is my opinion</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">based on the task and equipment construction, the incident could have been prevented with the use</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the appropriate insulated tool (insulated socket and insulated driver).” (Tr. 649-50; J. Ex. XVIII,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at 0251).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Vanasse’s opinion that [redacted] could have and should have used an insulated socket is</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">consistent with the toolkits that Infra-Red maintains in its shop. Photographs of these Infra-Red</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">toolkits show that they include sockets of various sizes that are fully covered by red (also described</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:629.267px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">85</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">as “orange”) reinsulating material, in contrast to the slip joint pliers [redacted] used.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.388cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 52, 57-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">58, 191-92, 456, 461; Ex. 3; J. Exs. VI, XV (photographs of the slip joint pliers [redacted] used,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">showing the tool had a significant amount of exposed metal beyond the insulated handles). Tom</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:20.133px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">84</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Vanasse did testify that the tool [redacted] used was rated greater, at 1,000 volts, than the potential exposure in the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">UPSS, 360 volts. (Tr. 594-95).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.256cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">85</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.023cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Francis said that the “orange” material on the tools in Infra-Red’s toolkits is the insulating material for the tool. (Tr.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.533px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.011cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">461-62). When shown the pair of slip pliers actually used by [redacted] on April 7, 2017, Francis agreed that the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">plier’s jaws had no insulating material on them. He also said that he was unaware of any slip pliers that are completely</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">insulated. (Tr. 462-63; Exs. F-G).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">62</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald testified that employees are required to bring these toolkits to jobs and that [redacted]</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:515.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">86</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and Lueck should have brought one to the Nantucket UPSS job.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.46cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Tom McDonald would have</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">brought the insulated toolkit to the job site. (Tr. 256). He said Infra-Red wanted to ensure that its</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees were using insulated tools. (Tr. 189-92; Ex. 3). He also testified that Infra-Red’s policy</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manual states: “Infra-Red Building and Power Services, Inc. will provide you with all the tools</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and equipment necessary to complete your job.” Tom McDonald said that [redacted] and Lueck</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">were required to use the tools in Infra-Red’s toolkit on April 7, 2017 at the job site. (Tr. 188-90;</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 3; J. Ex. II, at 0040). Infra-Red does so because the insulated tools in its toolkits are safe to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:431.667px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">87</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use and their condition was monitored by Infra-Red.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.409cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 192).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">In support for its position that [redacted]’s tool was sufficiently insulated, Infra-Red cites</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the UPSS Manual and the DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries, 6 and 12 Volt Battery,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions (Battery Instructions). The UPSS Manual</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">includes instructions for installing and servicing the batteries, and states: “Use tools with insulated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">handles.” (Tr. 279; Ex. E, at 0035). The Battery Instructions provide an identical instruction:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“Use tools with insulated handles.” (Tr. 225-28; J. Ex. XIV, at 228). [redacted]’s tool had</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated handles in accord with these manufacturer instructions, and its insulation was rated to a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">voltage amount greater than what was required for the battery work. Lueck testified that the tool,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">which he had lent to [redacted], was rated to 1000 volts and had “stops” to prevent one’s hand</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">from sliding past the insulation. (Tr. 49, 58, 109-10). He said that he reviewed the UPSS Manual</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">prior to the work, and had determined that it was an appropriate tool for the work based on the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:51.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">86</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.056cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Neither Lueck nor [redacted] brought one of these Infra-Red toolkits containing insulated tools to the job site on</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">April 7, 2017. (Tr. 57-59).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.252cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">87</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.048cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">Tom McDonald testified that Infra-Red did not know what tools its employees were using on a job. He also said</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">that Infra-Red did not inspect or monitor the condition of hand tools owned by its employees that might be used during</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">a job. (Tr. 192-96).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">63</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">instruction to use a tool with insulated handles. (Tr. 102-04, 112; Ex. E, at 0035). Lueck agreed</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that the maximum voltage of the 30 batteries in each UPSS set connected together, at 13.7 volts</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:662.067px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">88</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">each, was substantially less than 1000 volts, so the handles were “overrated” for the task.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.399cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Lueck</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">testified that the channellock tool handles were “overrated” for a 480-volt or 600-volt piece of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">equipment. (Tr. 49, 111-12). Tom McDonald similarly testified that the tool was insulated</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">“sufficiently” and “sufficiently rated” for the UPSS work. (Tr. 257, 279; Exs. F and G).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red also cites Vanasse’s testimony at the hearing, in which he qualified some of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">opinions in his written expert report. On direct examination, Vanasse agreed that [redacted] “used</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">a proper insulated tool.” (Tr. 594). Vanasse said that he looked up the tool’s model number, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">determined that it was “1,000 volt rated,” which was “greater than the potential exposure in [the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">UPSS] system.” (Tr. 595). He explained, “The maximum voltage that [[redacted]] would have</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">been exposed to was 360 volts.” (Tr. 595). On cross-examination, Vanasse was asked whether he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">knew that [redacted]’s tool was the “wrong tool for the job,” and he replied, “No, I don’t.” (Tr.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">644). He testified that his opinion was that [redacted] should not have used that tool because it</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">had exposed metal and a better tool was available, but then said that it nevertheless may have been</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">adequate:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">That is something that I don’t know based on me not going to the site and seeing</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the specific equipment, nor understanding fully the dimensions of what was in place</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at the time. It may have been [adequate for the task]. There was a more appropriate</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tool to use.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 648-49). Vanasse agreed that in his expert report he stated that [redacted] “did not have the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated socket [tool] required,” and that the tool he used was inadequate because “there was too</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">much exposed metal . . . which could short any battery terminals to each other or to the rack and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[he should] not [have] used it.” (Tr. 645, 647). But after subsequently getting “more information</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:23.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.265cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">88</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.035cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">30 batteries X 13.7 volts equals a 411-volt piece of equipment. (Tr. 112).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">64</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">about the event and circumstance,” which he believed included seeing “more detailed photos” and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the “manufacturer’s information,” he stated that his opinion changed and he could not “state that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">an insulated socket set was necessarily the required or appropriate tool . . . .” (Tr. 645-46). He</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">added that the “manufacturer recommended insulated handle tool,” that the tool [redacted] used</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was an “insulated handle tool,” and that his revised opinion was that an insulated socket was “not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:17.2px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.325cm; margin-left:363.133px; "><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt; ">89</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.191cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">definitely a more appropriate tool . . . .”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.492cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 650). He later appeared to contradict himself,</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">however, stating that “there was a better tool to be utilized, in my opinion . . . .” (Tr. 664).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Although Vanasse’s testimony is confusing and at times contradictory, the Court interprets</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it to mean that while his opinion in his report that a safer tool was available did not change, after</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reviewing the UPSS and battery manufacturers’ recommendations as well as photographs of the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">batteries, he could not</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">definitively</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">assert that [redacted]’s tool was insufficiently insulated. This</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">interpretation is supported by his testimony that it “[c]ould have been a judgment based on the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">qualifications of the employee at the time.” (Tr. 650). It is also consistent with his agreement, on</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">redirect-examination, that in his report he was making a distinction between “minimum</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">requirements and best practices.” (Tr. 663-64; Resp’t Br., at 59, ¶¶ 349-50). The “distinction,”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he testified, “was [that] there was a better tool to be utilized, in my opinion,” but the tool [redacted]</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">used was “an insulated tool which can be utilized at that voltage [of the batteries [redacted] was</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">working on].” (Tr. 664).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">While the record is mixed, the preponderance of the evidence supports the Secretary’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contention that the tool [redacted] used was insufficiently insulated. Although the UPSS Manual</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and the Battery Instructions direct technicians to use tools with insulated handles, they do not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:45.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.474cm; margin-left:288px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.261cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; ">89</span><span style="font-size:6pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.051cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:6pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">The CO who inspected Infra-Red, Amara, agreed that neither he nor anyone else at OSHA has “determined what</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:5.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; ">the appropriate tool” would have been. (Tr. 500).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.404cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:9.5pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:9.5pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:11.6px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">65</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">specify how much exposed metal on any given tool is permissible. Vanasse’s written expert report</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">clearly indicates that the particular tool that [redacted] used had too much exposed metal to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">perform the job safely. The fact that [redacted] in fact burned his hand while using the tool due to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">its exposed metal further supports this conclusion. Although Vanasse stated at the hearing that he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">could not definitively say that the tool could not have been used safely, he did not change his</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">opinion that it had too much exposed metal and it would have been safer for [redacted] to use a</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fully insulated socket tool. The Court therefore finds that the Secretary has established that Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red violated the terms of the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">C.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Access</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">[redacted]’s failure to use a properly insulated tool exposed him to an electrical hazard, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he severely injured his hand as a result. The Secretary therefore established that an employee had</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">access to the cited condition.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">D.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.753cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Knowledge/Unpreventable Employee Misconduct</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As discussed above, the Secretary established that Infra-Red knew, or with the exercise of</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">reasonable diligence, could have known, of Item 3’s violative condition, and its UEM defense to</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 3 fails. A similar analysis and outcome apply to Infra-Red’s knowledge of Item 4’s violative</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">condition and its UEM defense to Item 4. Lueck knew [redacted] was using a tool that was not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">fully insulated and that was not an Infra-Red tool. It was one of Lueck’s own personal tools, and</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">he lent it to [redacted] to perform the work. When asked how he decided that his channellock tool</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">was appropriate for use at the job site, he stated: “Just seemed like they were a practical tool to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use at the time.” (Tr. 60). It was “practical” for [redacted] to use the channellock tool because</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that’s all they had with them. They had not brought one of Infra-Red’s insulated tool kits that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contained fully insulated tools that would have been better suited for the work at the job site. Lueck</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">66</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">knew [redacted] would be working near exposed energized conductors with a tool that might make</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contact with such conductors. Just as Vanasse stated in his expert report that [redacted] “should</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">have known the tool he was using was inadequate for the task and was putting himself at risk in</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">utilizing the slip joint pliers for the task,” Lueck should have known the same. (Tr. 649-50; J. Exs.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">VI, XVIII, at 0251). He was in a position to know that the channellock split joint pliers were not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">sufficiently insulated to perform the work safely. Both Lueck and [redacted] could readily see that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">there was too much uninsulated, exposed metal beyond the insulated handles on the channellock</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tool. This would have been readily apparent to both of them at the job site. (Tr. 645, 647; J. Ex.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">18, at 4; Exs. F-G).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since Lueck was a supervisor, his knowledge of [redacted]’s failure to use a sufficiently</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated tool is imputed to Infra-Red. In the alternative, if Lueck was not a supervisor, then the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary established constructive knowledge because the company failed to exercise reasonable</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">diligence in allowing an unlicensed electrician to work unsupervised and lacked a clear work rule</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">regarding insulated tools.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red neither had, nor communicated, a clear work rule on the use of safe, insulated</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tools. Lueck thought he was allowed to use personal tools on Infra-Red’s jobs. (Tr. 59-60). Infra-</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Red’s Employee Handbook states that Infra-Red will provide all tools and equipment necessary to</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">complete the job. (Ex. 11, at 15). Tom McDonald was unable to provide any clear rule regarding</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the use of tools, and prevaricated and gave confusing responses when asked what the company’s</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">rules were. Initially, he testified that Infra-Red employees were required to use Infra-Red’s</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">insulated tool kits, which contain fully insulated tools. (Tr. 190.) When asked if employees were</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required to use the insulated tools in the company tool kits, he replied: “Okay. Yes, I would say.”</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 190). A few questions later, however, he said that using the insulated tool kits was “not</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">67</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">necessarily required.” (Tr. 191). But he then agreed that in his deposition he had said that</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.018cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">were</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.019cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">required to use the insulated took kits. (Tr. 192). At another point, he testified</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that employees were allowed to use their personal tools. (Tr. 195). All of this testimony</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">establishes that the company lacked a clear work rule that could have prevented the violation.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red also failed to take steps to adequately discover safety violations relating to the</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">use of unsafe tools, and to discipline employees for using improperly insulated tools. Tom</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">McDonald was the only identified person who visited sites to discover safety violations and he</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">admitted that he had no intention of visiting the Nantucket site. (Tr. 160-62). Infra-Red regularly</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">dispatched teams comprised of one or two electricians to work sites without designating anyone</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">in-charge as foreman or supervisor. (Tr. 231). Infra-Red also did not enforce any rules regarding</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the use of fully insulated, safe tools when any such rules were violated, as evidenced by its failure</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">to discipline Lueck for lending [redacted] the improper tool. Tom McDonald admitted that he did</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">not discipline Lueck for his actions, and that in his deposition he also admitted that no one else at</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Infra-Red had either. (Tr. 196). [redacted] was not disciplined for using an improperly insulated</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">tool at the Nantucket job site. (Tr. 196). [redacted]’s use of the improper tool thus was foreseeable</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">because Infra-Red’s owner allowed its employees to use personal tools despite an unenforced</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">company policy to the contrary.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:143.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Since Infra-Red lacked a clear work rule regarding insulated tool use, and failed to</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">effectively communicate, monitor compliance with, and enforce violations of the safety rules that</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">it did have, its argument that Item 4’s violation resulted from UEM fails. (Answer, at 4-5; Resp’t</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Br., at 67, ¶ 49).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.058cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">E.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.774cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Characterization</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:84.467px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">68</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary characterized the violation as “serious.” Under section 17(k) of the Act, a</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">violation is serious if “there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">result . . . .” 29 U.S.C. § 666(k);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.021cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Pete Miller Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">19 BNA OSHC 1257, 1258 (No. 99-</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">0947, 2000) (a violation is serious if “a serious injury is the likely result should an accident</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">occur.”). The record establishes that [redacted]’s failure to use a sufficiently insulated tool exposed</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">him to a risk of serious electrical injury, and that he in fact suffered a serious hand burn requiring</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that he be taken to a hospital. The Court finds that the violation was serious.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">F.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.799cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Penalty</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">As stated above, section 17(j) of the Act requires that the Commission consider the gravity</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">of the violation when determining the penalty, as well as the employer’s size, good faith, and prior</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">history of violations, with gravity being the most important factor. 29 U.S.C. § 666(j);</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.009cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Compass</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Envtl.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:normal; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">23 BNA OSHC at 1137;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.018cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J. A. Jones</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC at 2213-14. The Secretary requests</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">that Infra-Red receive the statutory maximum penalty for a serious violation in effect in 2018,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">$12,934.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.122cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.007cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">29 U.S.C. § 666(b); 83 Fed. Reg. 7-01, 15 (Jan. 2, 2018). As with the other Items,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the citation proposed a much lower penalty of $8,873, and the Secretary has not explained the basis</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for this discrepancy. The Secretary presents essentially the same arguments regarding the penalty</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">for all the Items; the Secretary emphasizes that the work was very dangerous, and that [redacted]</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">suffered a severe injury. (Sec’y Br., at 22). Infra-Red also presents the same arguments regarding</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">the penalty for all the Items: that the penalty should be “substantially discounted” due to its “small</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">size, its good faith at all times, and its stellar safety record.” (Resp’t Reply, at 34).</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.002cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Court agrees that the gravity of the violation was high, as [redacted] was exposed to</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">potentially lethal levels of electricity, and he in fact suffered a severe hand injury as a result. (Tr.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">143, 628; Ex E, at 0011). However, the gravity was somewhat mitigated by his use of a tool that,</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">69</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">at least, had insulated handles, although the tool was, nevertheless, still unsafe for the job.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.168cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">J.A. Jones</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC at 2213-14 (the gravity of a violation depends in part on whether any</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">precautions were taken against injury). As the parties’ arguments regarding the effect of the</span></p>
			</div>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">employer’s size, good faith, and prior history on the penalty amount are the same as those they</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">presented regarding the PPE violation, the Court takes those factors into account in the same</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:.005cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">manner as discussed above regarding the PPE violation. Based on the gravity and those other</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">considerations, as well as the Secretary’s failure to justify significantly increasing the penalty</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">above what was originally proposed in the citation, the Court assesses a penalty of $7,000.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:217.733px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">All findings of fact and conclusions of law relevant and necessary to a determination of the</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">contested issues have been made above.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.115cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a). All proposed findings of fact</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">and conclusions of law inconsistent with this decision are denied.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:379px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is ORDERED that:</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1 of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.332(b)(1), is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">VACATED.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.847cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2 of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.333(a)(2), is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">VACATED.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">3.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 3 of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(1)(i), is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AFFIRMED, and a penalty of $8,873 is ASSESSED.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">4.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.845cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:-.004cm; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Item 4 of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1910.335(a)(2)(i), is</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.4px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:144px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">AFFIRMED, and a penalty of $7,000 is ASSESSED.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:47.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">70</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.466cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="line-height:.002cm; "> </p>
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				<p style="margin-top:95.933px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">SO ORDERED.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:18.067px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.515cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:20.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:95.933px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:384px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">__</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">/s/</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">_________________________</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:384px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">The Honorable Dennis L. Phillips</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:384px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">U.S. OSHRC Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:19.8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:.252cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">_October 7, 2019_____</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; letter-spacing:1.057cm; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">Washington, D.C.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:10.667px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:10.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.515cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Calibri; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:20.733px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:96px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; "></span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:532.267px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:.485cm; margin-left:400px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; ">71</span></p>
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