Training Requirements 

in OSHA Standards

OSHA 2254-09R 2015
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

“To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and 

women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the 

Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe 

and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, 

education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.”

Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be 

reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested 

but not required.

This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals 

upon request. 

Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; 

teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627. 

This publication provides a general overview of a variety of standardsrelated topics. This publication does not alter or determine compliance 

responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards, and the 

Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and 

enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA 

compliance requirements, the reader should consult current administrative 

interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review 

Commission and the courts.

This guidance document is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no 

new legal obligations. It contains descriptions of mandatory safety and health 

standards. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to 

comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by 

OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan. In addition, the 

Act’s General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their 

employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death 

or serious physical harm.

Cover photo courtesy of ACTA Safety
Training Requirements 

in OSHA Standards

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA 2254-09R 2015
iv Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Training Requirements for Workplace Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

OSHA Standards: Protection on the Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Injury and Illness Prevention Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Educational Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

OSHA Training Institute (OTI) Education Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Worker Participation in Developing Training Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

 GENERAL INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

29 CFR 1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Subpart E – Exit Routes and Emergency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1910.38 Emergency action plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1910.39 Fire prevention plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Subpart F – Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms . . . . . . . 7

1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Subpart G – Occupational Health and Environmental Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1910.95 Occupational noise exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Subpart H – Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1910.106 Flammable liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1910.109 Explosive and blasting agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1910.110 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1910.119 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Subpart I – Personal Protective Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

1910.132 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

1910.134 Respiratory protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards v

Subpart J – General Environmental Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1910.142 Temporary labor camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1910.145 Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1910.146 Permit required confined spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Subpart K – Medical Services and First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

1910.151 Medical services and first aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Subpart L – Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

1910.155 Fire protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

1910.156 Fire brigades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1910.160 Fixed extinguishing systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1910.164 Fire detection systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1910.165 Employee alarm systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Subpart N – Materials Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1910.177 Servicing of multi-piece and single-piece rim wheels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1910.178 Powered industrial trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1910.180 Crawler locomotive and truck cranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Subpart O – Machinery and Machine Guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1910.217 Mechanical power presses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1910.218 Forging machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Subpart Q – Welding, Cutting, and Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1910.252 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1910.254 Arc welding and cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1910.255 Resistance welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Subpart R – Special Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1910.264 Laundry machinery and operating rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1910.266 Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1910.268 Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

1910.272 Grain handling facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
vi Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Subpart S – Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

1910.332 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Subpart T – Commercial Diving Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

1910.410 Qualifications of dive team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

1910.1001 Asbestos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

1910.1018 Inorganic arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

1910.1025 Lead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

1910.1026 Chromium (VI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

1910.1027 Cadmium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

1910.1028 Benzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

1910.1029 Coke oven emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

1910.1043 Cotton dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

1910.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

1910.1045 Acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

1910.1047 Ethylene oxide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

1910.1048 Formaldehyde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

1910.1050 Methylenedianiline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

1910.1052 Methylene chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

1910.1096 Ionizing radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

1910.1200 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. . . . . . . . . . . . 106

 MARITIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

29 CFR Part 1915 – Shipyard Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Subpart A – General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

1915.6 Commercial diving operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

1915.7 Competent person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

1915.9 Compliance duties owed to each employee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Subpart B – Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other Dangerous Atmospheres in 

Shipyard Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

1915.12 Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined and 

enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards vii

1915.13 Cleaning and other cold work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

1915.14 Hot work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

1915.15 Maintenance of safe conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Subpart C – Surface Preparation and Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

1915.35 Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

1915.36 Flammable liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Subpart D – Welding, Cutting and Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

1915.53 Welding, cutting and heating in way of preservative coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

1915.54 Welding, cutting and heating of hollow metal containers and structures 

not covered by 1915.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

1915.55 Gas welding and cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

1915.56 Arc welding and cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

1915.57 Uses of fissionable material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Subpart E – Scaffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

1915.71 Scaffolds or staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Subpart F – General Working Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

1915.89 Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tags-plus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Subpart G – Gear and Equipment for Rigging and Materials Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

1915.112 Ropes, chains and slings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

1915.116 Use of gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

1915.117 Qualifications of operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Subpart H – Tools and Related Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

1915.135 Powder actuated fastening tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

1915.136 Internal combustion engines, other than ships’ equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Subpart I – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

1915.152 General requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

1915.154 Respiratory protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

1915.159 Personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

1915.160 Positioning device systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Subpart K – Portable, Unfired Pressure Vessels, Drums and Containers, 

Other Than Ship’s Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

1915.172 Portable air receivers and other unfired pressure vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Subpart P – Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

1915.508 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
viii Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

1915.1001 Asbestos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

1915.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

1915.1017 Vinyl chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

1915.1018 Inorganic arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

1915.1025 Lead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1027 Cadmium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1028 Benzene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1030 Bloodborne pathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1045 Acrylonitrile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1047 Ethylene oxide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1048 Formaldehyde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1050 Methylenedianiline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1200 Hazard Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

1915.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. . . . . . . . . . . . 134

29 CFR Part 1917 – Marine Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Subpart A – General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

1917.1 Scope and applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Subpart B – Marine Terminal Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides, and hazardous preservatives. . . . . . . . . . . 136

1917.27 Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

1917.28 Hazard communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

1917.30 Emergency action plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Subpart C – Cargo Handling Gear and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

1917.44 General rules applicable to vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Subpart D – Specialized Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

1917.73 Terminal facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish. . . . . . . . . . 139

Subpart G – Related Terminal Operations and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

1917.152 Welding, cutting and heating (hot work). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

29 CFR Part 1918 – Safety and Health Regulations for Longshoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Subpart A – Scope and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

1918.1 Scope and application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards ix

Subpart H – Handling Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

1918.85 Containerized cargo operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Subpart I – General Working Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

1918.98 Qualifications of machinery operators and supervisory training. . . . . . . . . . . 142

 CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

29 CFR 1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Subpart B – Adoption and Extension of Established Federal Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

1910.12 Construction work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

29 CFR 1926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Subpart C – General Safety and Health Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

1926.20 General safety and health provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

1926.21 Safety training and education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

1926.32 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

1926.35 Employee emergency action plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Subpart D – Occupational Health and Environmental Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.50 Medical services and first aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.52 Occupational noise exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.53 Ionizing radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.54 Nonionizing radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1926.57 Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

1926.59 Hazard communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

1910.1200 Hazard communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

1926.60 Methylenedianiline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

1926.61 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

1926.62 Lead in Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

1926.64 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

1926.65 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Subpart E – Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

1926.102 Eye and face protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
x Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

1926.103 Respiratory protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

1910.134 Respiratory protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Subpart F – Fire Protection and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

1926.150 Fire protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

1926.155 Definitions applicable to this subpart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Subpart G – Signs, Signals, and Barricades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

1926.200 Accident prevention signs and tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

1926.201 Signaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

1926.202 Barricades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Subpart I – Tools – Hand and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

1926.300 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

1926.302 Power-operated hand tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Subpart J – Welding and Cutting............................................... 202

1926.350 Gas welding and cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

1926.351 Arc welding and cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

1926.352 Fire prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Subpart K – Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

1926.416 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Subpart L – Scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

1926.450 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this subpart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

1926.451 General requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

1926.454 Training requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Subpart M – Fall Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

1926.503 Training requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Subpart O – Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations . . . . . . . 208

1926.602 Material handling equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

1910.178 Powered industrial trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Subpart R – Steel Erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

1926.760 Fall protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

1926.761 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Subpart S – Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air.. 213

1926.800 Underground construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

1926.803 Compressed air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards xi

Subpart U – Blasting and the Use of Explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

1926.901 Blaster qualifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Subpart V – Power Transmission and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

1926.955 Overhead lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Subpart X – Stairways and Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

1926.1060 Training requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Subpart Y – Diving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

1926.1076 Qualifications of dive team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

1926.1101 Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

1926.1126 Chromium (VI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

1926.1127 Cadmium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Subpart AA – Confined Spaces in Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

1926.1207 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

1926.1211 Rescue and emergency services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

1926.1401 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

1926.1404 Assembly/Disassembly — general requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

1926.1408 Power line safety (up to 350 kV) — equipment operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

1926.1419 Signals — general requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

1926.1423 Fall protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

1926.1424 Work area control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

1926.1425 Keeping clear of the load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

1926.1427 Operator qualification and certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

1926.1428 Signal person qualifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

1926.1430 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

1926.1436 Derricks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

1926.1438 Overhead & gantry cranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

1926.1441 Equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less. . . . 237

 AGRICULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

29 CFR 1928 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Subpart C – Roll-Over Protective Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

1928.51 Roll-Over protective structures (ROPS) for tractors used in 

agricultural operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

1928.57 Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins . . . . 240
xii Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Subpart M – Occupational Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

1928.1027 Cadmium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

 FEDERAL EMPLOYEE PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

29 CFR 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Subpart B – Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

1960.7 Financial management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Subpart D – Inspection and Abatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

1960.25 Qualifications of safety and health inspectors and agency inspections. . . . . . . 241

Subpart E – General Services Administration and Other Federal Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 242

1960.34 General provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Subpart F – Occupational Safety and Health Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

1960.39 Agency responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Subpart H – Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

1960.54 Training of top management officials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

1960.55 Training of supervisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

1960.56 Training of safety and health specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

1960.57 Training of safety and health inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Subpart K – Field Federal Safety and Health Councils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

1960.85 Role of the Secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

TRAINING RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Appendix A – Multilingual Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Appendix B – References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Appendix C – States with Approved OSHA Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Appendix D – Free On-site Safety and Health Consultation Services for Small Business . . 253

Appendix E – NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Appendix F – OSHA Regional Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

How to Contact OSHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 1

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Training Requirements for Workplace Safety 

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, employers are responsible for 

providing a safe and healthful workplace. No person should ever have to be injured, 

become ill, or die for a paycheck. 

OSHA’s mission is to ensure the protection of workers and prevent work-related injuries, 

illnesses, and deaths by setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, 

outreach, education and assistance. Many OSHA standards, which have prevented 

countless workplace tragedies, include explicit safety and health training requirements 

to ensure that workers have the required skills and knowledge to safely do their work. 

These requirements reflect OSHA’s belief that training is an essential part of every 

employer’s safety and health program for protecting workers from injuries and illnesses. 

Researchers conclude that those who are new on the job have a higher rate of injuries 

and illnesses than more experienced workers.

To assist employers, safety and health professionals, training directors and others with a 

need to know, OSHA’s training-related requirements have been excerpted and collected 

in this updated booklet. Requirements for posting information, warning signs, labels, 

and the like are excluded, as are most references to the qualifications of people assigned 

to test workplace conditions or equipment. 

Training in the safe way for workers to do their jobs well is an investment that will pay 

back over and over again in fewer injuries and illnesses, better morale, lower insurance 

premiums and more. 

It is a good idea to keep a record of all safety and health training. Documentation can 

also supply an answer to one of the first questions an incident investigator will ask: 

“Did the employee receive adequate training to do the job?”
2 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

OSHA Standards: Protection on the Job 

OSHA Standards: Protection on the Job 

In this booklet, the training requirements contained in OSHA’s standards are organized 

into five categories of OSHA standards: General Industry, Maritime, Construction, 

Agriculture, and Federal Employee Programs. An example of a training requirement 

is found in the revised Hazard Communication standard (Title 29 Code of Federal 

Regulations, Part 1910.1200, effective May 25, 2012), which improves the quality and 

consistency of hazard information in the workplace. This standard states: 

Employers shall provide employees with effective information and 

training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of 

their initial assignment, and whenever a new chemical hazard the 

employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into 

their work area. Information and training may be designed to cover 

categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific 

chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available 

through labels and safety data sheets.

This booklet identifies the training requirements in specific OSHA standards. For 

information on training techniques and resources for developing training programs, 

please see Resource for Development and Delivery of Training to Workers. 

Injury and Illness Prevention Programs

Training and education are elements of a strong injury and illness prevention program 

that can help employers find and fix workplace hazards before workers get hurt. 

Injury and illness prevention programs are systems that can substantially reduce 

the number and severity of workplace injuries and illnesses while reducing costs to 

employers. Thousands of employers across the United States already manage safety 

using injury and illness prevention programs, and OSHA believes that all employers can 

and should do the same. Thirty-four states have requirements or voluntary guidelines 

for workplace injury and illness prevention programs. 

Most successful injury and illness prevention programs are based on a common set 

of key elements. These include management leadership, worker participation, hazard 

identification, hazard prevention and control, education and training, and program 

evaluation and improvement. Visit OSHA’s Injury and Illness Prevention Programs web 

page at www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/safetyhealth for more information.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 3

Introduction

Educational Information

OSHA has many types of educational materials in English, Spanish, Vietnamese and 

other languages available in print or online. These include:

• Brochures/booklets;

• Fact Sheets;

• Guidance documents that provide detailed examinations of specific safety 

and health issues;

• Online Safety and Health Topics pages;

• Posters;

• Small, laminated QuickCardsTM that provide brief safety and health 

information; and

• QuickTakes, OSHA’s free, twice-monthly online newsletter with the latest 

news about OSHA initiatives and products to assist employers and workers 

in finding and preventing workplace hazards. To sign up for QuickTakes, visit 

www.osha.gov/quicktakes.

To view materials available online or for a listing of free publications, visit www.osha.gov/

publications. You can also call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) to order publications.

OSHA’s web site also has information on job hazards and injury and illness prevention for 

employers and workers. To learn more about OSHA’s safety and health resources online, 

visit www.osha.gov or www.osha.gov/html/a-z-index.html.

OSHA Training Institute (OTI) Education Centers

OTI Education Centers are nonprofit organizations authorized by OSHA to deliver 

occupational safety and health training to workers, supervisors and employers. These 

organizations are selected through a competitive process based on various criteria, 

including their occupational safety and health training experience, location and training 

facilities, and ability to provide training throughout a given region. 

The OTI Education Centers offer courses and seminars on a variety of safety and health 

topics. They also contribute to the OSHA training mission through other safety and 

health programs, including community outreach efforts, courses offered in Spanish, and 

various youth initiatives. 

The OTI Education Centers also support the Voluntary OSHA Outreach Training 

Program by offering trainer courses and processing trainer requests for course 

completion cards. The Outreach Training Program is a voluntary program that is not 
4 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Worker Participation in Developing Training Programs

required by OSHA—nor does it fulfill any OSHA requirements. Still the outreach 

program can provide basic safety and health information and education. However, 

under the OSHA law, all required training must be provided by and paid for by 

employers. Through the outreach program, safety professionals can become authorized 

to deliver 10-hour and 30-hour classes on the recognition, avoidance, abatement, and 

prevention of safety and health hazards in workplaces. The program also provides 

information about workers’ rights, employer responsibilities, and how to file a 

complaint. It is important to note that this is a voluntary program and does not meet 

training requirements for any OSHA standards. Although some states, municipalities, 

or organizations may require outreach training as a condition of employment, it is not 

an OSHA requirement. None of the courses within the Outreach Training Program is 

considered a certification.

For more information, including course descriptions and prerequisites, class schedules, 

tuition and fees, and featured organizations, visit OSHA’s website: www.osha.gov/otiec. 

Worker Participation in Developing Training Programs

Training programs help ensure that safe jobs are no accident. Safe jobs exist because 

employers make a conscious decision, each and every day of the year, to make 

protecting workers a priority in the workplace. When this effort includes participation 

from workers, workplace injury and illness prevention programs are improved because 

workers can identify missing safety procedures, make recommendations for changes and 

help ensure a safe workplace. When workers have a voice in the workplace and input 

about how training is developed, training programs are more accurately focused on 

specific workplace hazards.

Readers with questions concerning worker safety and health training should contact 

their OSHA Regional or Area office listed at the end of this publication and on OSHA’s 

website: www.osha.gov. 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 5

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Photo: Sheryl Quatermas, New Jersey State Plan

General Industry

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29, Code of 

Federal Regulations Part 1910. Note that additional training requirements may 

appear in certain other standards (ANSI, NFPA, etc.) adopted by reference in Part 

1910 and are therefore mandatory.

29 CFR 1910

Subpart E – Exit Routes and Emergency Planning

1910.38 Emergency action plans 

(a) Application. An employer must have an emergency action 

plan whenever an OSHA standard in this part requires one. The 

requirements in this section apply to each such emergency action plan.

(b) Written and oral emergency action plans. An emergency action plan 

must be in writing, kept in the workplace, and available to employees 

for review. However, an employer with 10 or fewer employees may 

communicate the plan orally to employees.

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan. An emergency 

action plan must include at a minimum:

(1) Procedures for reporting a fire or other emergency;

(2) Procedures for emergency evacuation, including type of 

evacuation and exit route assignments;

(a) through (f)
6 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(3) Procedures to be followed by employees who remain to operate 

critical plant operations before they evacuate;

(4) Procedures to account for all employees after evacuation;

(5) Procedures to be followed by employees performing rescue or 

medical duties; and

(6) The name or job title of every employee who may be contacted 

by employees who need more information about the plan or an 

explanation of their duties under the plan.

(d) Employee alarm system. An employer must have and maintain 

an employee alarm system. The employee alarm system must use a 

distinctive signal for each purpose and comply with the requirements 

in §1910.165.

(e) Training. An employer must designate and train employees to assist 

in a safe and orderly evacuation of other employees.

(f) Review of emergency action plan. An employer must review the 

emergency action plan with each employee covered by the plan:

(1) When the plan is developed or the employee is assigned initially 

to a job;

(2) When the employee’s responsibilities under the plan change; and

(3) When the plan is changed

1910.39 Fire prevention plans

(a) Application. An employer must have a fire prevention plan when an 

OSHA standard in this part requires one. The requirements in this 

section apply to each such fire prevention plan.

(b) Written and oral fire prevention plans. A fire prevention plan 

must be in writing, be kept in the workplace, and be made available 

to employees for review. However, an employer with 10 or fewer 

employees may communicate the plan orally to employees.

(c) Minimum elements of a fire prevention plan. A fire prevention plan 

must include:

(1) A list of all major fire hazards, proper handling and storage 

procedures for hazardous materials, potential ignition sources 

and their control, and the type of fire protection equipment 

necessary to control each major hazard;

(2) Procedures to control accumulations of flammable and 

combustible waste materials;

(a) through (d)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 7

Training Requirements

(3) Procedures for regular maintenance of safeguards installed on 

heat-producing equipment to prevent the accidental ignition of 

combustible materials;

(4) The name or job title of employees responsible for maintaining 

equipment to prevent or control sources of ignition or fires; and

(5) The name or job title of employees responsible for the control of 

fuel source hazards.

(d) Employee information. An employer must inform employees upon 

initial assignment to a job of the fire hazards to which they are 

exposed. An employer must also review with each employee those 

parts of the fire prevention plan necessary for self-protection.

Subpart F – Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and VehicleMounted Work Platforms

1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance

(i) Operations 

(1) Training. 

(i) Working platforms shall be operated only by persons who 

are proficient in the operation, safe use and inspection of 

the particular working platform to be operated.

(ii) All employees who operate working platforms shall be 

trained in the following:

(A) Recognition of, and preventive measures for, the safety 

hazards associated with their individual work tasks.

(B) General recognition and prevention of safety hazards 

associated with the use of working platforms, 

including the provisions in the section relating to the 

particular working platform to be operated.

(C) Emergency action plan procedures required in 

paragraph (e)(9) of this section.

(D) Work procedures required in paragraph (i)(1)(iv) of 

this section.

(E) Personal fall arrest system inspection, care, use and 

system performance.

(i) and (j)
8 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(iii) Training of employees in the operation and inspection of 

working platforms shall be done by a competent person.

(iv) Written work procedures for the operation, safe use and 

inspection of working platforms shall be provided for 

employee training. Pictorial methods of instruction may 

be used, in lieu of written work procedures, if employee 

communication is improved using this method. The operating 

manuals supplied by manufacturers for platform system 

components can serve as the basis for these procedures.

(v) The employer shall certify that employees have been trained 

in operating and inspecting a working platform by preparing 

a certification record which includes the identity of the 

person trained, the signature of the employer or the person 

who conducted the training and the date that training was 

completed. The certification record shall be prepared at the 

completion of the training required in paragraph (i)(1)(ii) of 

this section, and shall be maintained in a file for the duration 

of the employee’s employment. The certification record shall 

be kept readily available for review by the Assistant Secretary 

of Labor or the Assistant Secretary’s representative.

(2) Use 

(i) Working platforms shall not be loaded in excess of the rated 

load, as stated on the platform load rating plate.

(ii) Employees shall be prohibited from working on snow, ice, 

or other slippery material covering platforms, except for the 

removal of such materials.

(iii) Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the platform, 

wire ropes and life lines from damage due to acids or other 

corrosive substances, in accordance with the recommendations 

of the corrosive substance producer, supplier, platform 

manufacturer or other equivalent information sources. 

Platform members which have been exposed to acids or other 

corrosive substances shall be washed down with a neutralizing 

solution, at a frequency recommended by the corrosive 

substance producer or supplier.

(iv) Platform members, wire ropes and life lines shall be 

protected when using a heat producing process. Wire 

ropes and life lines which have been contacted by the heat 

producing process shall be considered to be permanently 

damaged and shall not be used.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 9

Training Requirements

(v) The platform shall not be operated in winds in excess of 

25 miles per hour (40.2 km/hr) except to move it from 

an operating to a storage position. Wind speed shall be 

determined based on the best available information, which 

includes on-site anemometer readings and local weather 

forecasts which predict wind velocities for the area.

(vi) On exterior installations, an anemometer shall be mounted 

on the platform to provide information of on-site wind 

velocities prior to and during the use of the platform. The 

anemometer may be a portable (hand held) unit which is 

temporarily mounted during platform use.

(vii) Tools, materials and debris not related to the work in 

progress shall not be allowed to accumulate on platforms. 

Stabilizer ties shall be located so as to allow unencumbered 

passage along the full length of the platform and shall be of 

such length so as not to become entangled in rollers, hoists 

or other machinery.

(j) Personal fall protection. Employees on working platforms shall be 

protected by a personal fall arrest system meeting the requirements of 

appendix C, section I, of this standard, and as otherwise provided by 

this standard.

Appendix C to 1910.66 — Personal fall arrest system 

Section I (Mandatory)

(e) Care and Use 

(9) Before using a personal fall arrest system, and after any 

component or system is changed, employees shall be trained in 

accordance with the requirements of paragraph 1910.66(i)(1), in 

the safe use of the system.
10 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Subpart G – Occupational Health and Environmental Control

1910.95 Occupational noise exposure

(i) Hearing protectors

(4) The employer shall provide training in the use and care of all 

hearing protectors provided to employees.

(k) Training program

(1) The employer shall institute a training program for all employees 

who are exposed to noise at or above an 8-hour time weighted 

average of 85 decibels, and shall ensure employee participation in 

such program.

(2) The training program shall be repeated annually for each employee 

included in the hearing conservation program. Information 

provided in the training program shall be updated to be consistent 

with changes in protective equipment and work processes.

(3) The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of 

the following:

(i) The effects of noise on hearing;

(ii) The purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages, 

disadvantages, and attenuation of various types, and 

instructions on selection, fitting, use, and care; and

(iii) The purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of 

the test procedures.

(l) Access to Information and Training Materials

(1) The employer shall make available to affected employees or their 

representatives copies of this standard and shall also post a copy 

in the workplace.

(2) The employer shall provide to affected employees any 

informational materials pertaining to the standard that are 

supplied to the employer by the Assistant Secretary.

(3) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials related to 

the employer’s training and education program pertaining to this 

standard to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

(i)(4); 

(k) and (l)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 11

Training Requirements

Subpart H – Hazardous Materials

1910.106 Flammable liquids

(b) Tank storage

(5) Supports, foundations, and anchorage for all tank locations –

(vi) Flood areas. Where a tank is located in an area that may be 

subjected to flooding, the applicable precautions outlined in 

this subdivision shall be observed.

(v) Inspections. The Assistant Secretary or his designated 

representative shall make periodic inspections of all plants 

where the storage of flammable liquids is such as to require 

compliance with the foregoing requirements, in order to 

assure the following:

(2) That detailed printed instructions of what to do in 

flood emergencies are properly posted.

(3) That station operators and other employees depended 

upon to carry out such instructions are thoroughly 

informed as to the location and operation of such 

valves and other equipment necessary to effect these 

requirements.

1910.109 Explosive and blasting agents

(d) Transportation of explosives 

(3) Operation of transportation vehicles. 

(i) Vehicles transporting explosives shall only be driven by and 

be in the charge of a driver who is familiar with the traffic 

regulations, State laws, and the provisions of this section.

(iii) Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of Class A or 

Class B explosives shall, at all times, be attended by a driver 

or other attendant of the motor carrier. This attendant shall 

have been made aware of the class of the explosive material 

in the vehicle and of its inherent dangers, and shall have 

been instructed in the measures and procedures to be 

followed in order to protect the public from those dangers. 

He shall have been made familiar with the vehicle he is 

assigned, and shall be trained, supplied with the necessary 

means, and authorized to move the vehicle when required.

(b)(5)(vi)(v)

(2) and (3)

(d)(3)(i) and 

(iii), (g)(3)(iii)

(a), (g)(6)(ii), 

and (h)(4)(ii)(b)
12 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(g) Blasting agents 

(3) Bulk delivery and mixing vehicles.

(iii) Operation of bulk delivery vehicles shall conform to the 

requirements of this subdivision. These include the placarding 

requirements as specified by Department of Transportation.

(a) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of 

the vehicle together with its mixing, conveying, and 

related equipment. The employer shall assure that 

the operator is familiar with the commodities being 

delivered and the general procedure for handling 

emergency situations.

(6) Transportation of packaged blasting agents.

(ii) Vehicles transporting blasting agents shall only be driven 

by and be in the charge of a driver in possession of a valid 

motor vehicle operator’s license. Such a person shall also be 

familiar with the State’s vehicle and traffic laws.

(h) Water gel (Slurry) explosives and blasting agents 

(4) Bulk delivery and mixing vehicles.

(ii) Operation of bulk delivery and mixing vehicles shall 

comply with the requirements of this subdivision.

(b) The operator shall be trained in the safe operation 

of the vehicle together with its mixing, conveying, 

and related equipment. He shall be familiar with 

the commodities being delivered and the general 

procedure for handling emergency situations.

1910.110 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases

(b) Basic rules

(16)Instructions. Personnel performing installation, removal, 

operation, and maintenance work shall be properly trained in 

such functions.

(d) Storage systems using containers other than DOT containers 

(12)General provisions applicable to systems in industrial plants (of 

2,000 gallons water capacity and more) and to bulk filling plants. 

(i) When standard watch service is provided, it shall be extended 

to the LP-Gas installation and personnel properly trained.

(b)(16), 

(d)(12)(i)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 13

Training Requirements

1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia

(b) Basic rules. This paragraph applies to all paragraphs of this section 

unless otherwise noted.

(13)Tank car unloading points and operations 

(ii) The employer shall insure that unloading operations are 

performed by reliable persons properly instructed and 

given the authority to monitor careful compliance with all 

applicable procedures.

1910.119 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals

(g) Training

(1) Initial training.

(i) Each employee presently involved in operating a process, 

and each employee before being involved in operating a 

newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of 

the process and in the operating procedures as specified 

in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include 

emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, 

emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work 

practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks.

(ii) In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved 

in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer 

may certify in writing that the employee has the required 

knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties 

and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.

(2) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at 

least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each 

employee involved in operating a process to assure that the 

employee understands and adheres to the current operating 

procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the 

employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the 

appropriate frequency of refresher training.

(3) Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that 

each employee involved in operating a process has received 

and understood the training required by this paragraph. The 

employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of 

the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify 

that the employee understood the training.

(b)(13)(ii)

(g), (h)(3)(i) 

through (iv), 

and (j)(3)
14 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(h) Contractors

(3) Contract employer responsibilities. 

(i) The contract employer shall assure that each contract 

employee is trained in the work practices necessary to 

perform his/her job.

(ii) The contract employer shall assure that each contract 

employee is instructed in the known potential fire, 

explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and 

the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency 

action plan. 

(iii) The contract employer shall document that each contract 

employee has received and understood the training 

required by this paragraph. The contract employer shall 

prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract 

employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify 

that the employee understood the training.

(iv) The contract employer shall assure that each contract 

employee follows the safety rules of the facility including the 

safe work practices required by paragraph (f)(4) of this section.

(j) Mechanical integrity

(3) Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall 

train each employee involved in maintaining the ongoing 

integrity of process equipment in an overview of that process and 

its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee’s job 

tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a 

safe manner. 

1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response

(e) Training

(1) General.

(i) All employees working on site (such as but not limited to 

equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed 

to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards 

and their supervisors and management responsible for the 

site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this 

paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous 

waste operations that could expose them to hazardous 

substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive 

review training as specified in this paragraph.

(e)(1) through 

(9); (o)(1); 

(p)(7); (p)(8)(iii); 

(q)(4) through 

(8), and (11)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 15

Training Requirements

(ii) Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or 

supervise field activities until they have been trained to a 

level required by their job function and responsibility.

(2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover 

the following:

(i) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site 

safety and health;

(ii) Safety, health and other hazards present on the site;

(iii) Use of personal protective equipment;

(iv) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks 

from hazards;

(v) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;

(vi) Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of 

symptoms and signs which might indicate overexposure to 

hazards; and

(vii) The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety 

and health plan set forth in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.

(3) Initial training.

(i) General site workers (such as equipment operators, general 

laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous 

substance removal or other activities which expose or 

potentially expose workers to hazardous substances and 

health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of 

instruction off the site, and a minimum of three days actual 

field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, 

experienced supervisor.

(ii) Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited 

task (such as, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, 

land surveying, or geophysical surveying) and who are 

unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and 

published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 

hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one 

day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a 

trained, experienced supervisor.

(iii) Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been 

monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures 

are under permissible exposure limits and published 

exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the 
16 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

characterization indicates that there are no health hazards 

or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive 

a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site and the 

minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct 

supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iv) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by 

paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and 

who become general site workers or who are required to 

wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two 

days of training necessary to total the training specified in 

paragraph (e)(3)(i). 

(4) Management and supervisor training. On-site management and 

supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees 

engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours 

initial training, and three days of supervised field experience 

(the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the only 

area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs 

(e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii)) and at least eight additional hours 

of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such 

topics as, but not limited to, the employer’s safety and health 

program and the associated employee training program, personal 

protective equipment program, spill containment program, and 

health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.

(5) Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct 

employees about the subject matter that is being presented in 

training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a 

training program for teaching the subjects they are expected 

to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and 

instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. 

Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and 

knowledge of the applicable subject matter.

(6) Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received 

and successfully completed the training and field experience 

specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall 

be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trained 

supervisor as having successfully completed the necessary training. 

A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any 

person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the 

requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited 

from engaging in hazardous waste operations.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 17

Training Requirements

(7) Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding 

to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste cleanup 

sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be 

trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.

(8) Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this 

section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)

(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training 

annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) 

of this section, critiques of incidents that have occurred in the 

past year that can serve as training examples of any related work, 

and other relevant topics.

(9) Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation 

or certification that an employee’s work experience and/or training 

has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in 

paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be 

required to provide the initial training requirements of those 

paragraphs to such employees and shall provide a copy of the 

certification or documentation to the employee upon request. 

However, certified employees or employees with equivalent 

training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training 

before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience 

at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training 

or the training that existing employees might have already received 

from actual hazardous waste site experience.

(o) New technology programs 

(1) The employer shall develop and implement procedures for 

the introduction of effective new technologies and equipment 

developed for the improved protection of employees working 

with hazardous waste clean-up operations, and the same shall 

be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to 

assure that employee protection is being maintained.

(p) Certain Operations Conducted Under the Resource Conservation 

and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). Employers conducting 

operations at treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities specified 

in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section shall provide and implement the 

programs specified in this paragraph. See the “Notes and Exceptions” 

to paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section for employers not covered.
18 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(7) Training Program. 

(i) New employees. The employer shall develop and implement a 

training program, which is part of the employer’s safety and 

health program, for employees exposed to health hazards 

or hazardous substances at TSD operations to enable the 

employees to perform their assigned duties and functions in 

a safe and healthful manner so as not to endanger themselves 

or other employees. The initial training shall be for 24 hours 

and refresher training shall be for eight hours annually. 

Employees who have received the initial training required by 

this paragraph shall be given a written certificate attesting that 

they have successfully completed the necessary training.

(ii) Current employees. Employers who can show by an 

employee’s previous work experience and/or training that 

the employee has had training equivalent to the initial 

training required by this paragraph, shall be considered as 

meeting the initial training requirements of this paragraph 

as to that employee. Equivalent training includes the 

training that existing employees might have already received 

from actual site work experience. Current employees shall 

receive eight hours of refresher training annually.

(iii) Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have 

satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the 

subjects they are expected to teach or they shall have the 

academic credentials and instruction experience necessary 

to demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of the 

courses and competent instructional skills.

(8) Emergency Response Program.

(iii) Training. 

(A) Training for emergency response employees shall be 

completed before they are called upon to perform 

in real emergencies. Such training shall include the 

elements of the emergency response plan, standard 

operating procedures the employer has established for 

the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn 

and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

Note: Exception #1: An employer need not 

train all employees to the degree specified if the 

employer divides the work force in a manner such 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 19

Training Requirements

that a sufficient number of employees who have 

responsibility to control emergencies have the training 

specified, and all other employees, who may first 

respond to an emergency incident, have sufficient 

awareness training to recognize that an emergency 

response situation exists and that they are instructed 

in that case to summon the fully trained employees 

and not attempt control activities for which they are 

not trained.

Note: Exception #2: An employer need not train all 

employees to the degree specified if arrangements 

have been made in advance for an outside fully trained 

emergency response team to respond in a reasonable 

period and all employees, who may come to the incident 

first, have sufficient awareness training to recognize 

that an emergency response situation exists and they 

have been instructed to call the designated outside, fully 

trained emergency response team for assistance.

(B) Employee members of TSD [treatment, storage and 

disposal] facility emergency response organizations 

shall be trained to a level of competence in the 

recognition of health and safety hazards to protect 

themselves and other employees. This would include 

training in the methods used to minimize the risk 

from safety and health hazards; in the safe use 

of control equipment; in the selection and use of 

appropriate personal protective equipment; in the 

safe operating procedures to be used at the incident 

scene; in the techniques of coordination with other 

employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate 

response to overexposure from health hazards or 

injury to themselves and other employees; and in the 

recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result 

from overexposures.

(C) The employer shall certify that each covered 

employee has attended and successfully completed 

the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this 

section, or shall certify the employee’s competency 

for certification of training shall be recorded and 

maintained by the employer.
20 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(q) Emergency response to hazardous substance releases

(4) Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an 

employer’s own employees, who are skilled in the operation of 

certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging 

equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed 

temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work 

that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an 

employer’s own employees, and who will be or may be exposed 

to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required 

to meet the training required in this paragraph for the employer’s 

regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given 

an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any 

emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction 

in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, 

what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be 

performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions 

provided to the employer’s own employees shall be used to assure 

the safety and health of these personnel.

(5) Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their 

regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of 

specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to 

provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance 

release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training 

or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization 

annually.

(6) Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function 

to be performed by each responder of an emergency response 

organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all 

new responders, those hired after the effective date of this 

standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before 

they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operations 

on an incident. Employees who participate, or are expected to 

participate in emergency response, shall be given training in 

accordance with the following paragraphs:

(i) First responder awareness level. First responders at the 

awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness 

or discover a hazardous substance release and who have 

been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence 

by notifying the proper authorities of the release. First 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 21

Training Requirements

responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient 

training or have had sufficient experience to objectively 

demonstrate competency in the following areas:

(A) An understanding of what hazardous substances are, 

and the risks associated with them in an incident.

(B) An understanding of the potential outcomes 

associated with an emergency created when hazardous 

substances are present.

(C) The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous 

substances in an emergency.

(D) The ability to identify the hazardous substances, 

if possible.

(E) An understanding of the role of the first responder 

awareness individual in the employer’s emergency 

response plan including site security and control and 

the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency 

Response Guidebook.

(F) The ability to realize the need for additional resources, 

and to make appropriate notifications to the 

communications center.

(ii) First responder operations level. First responders at the 

operations level are individuals who respond to releases 

or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the 

initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting 

nearby persons, property, or the environment from the 

effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a 

defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the 

release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe 

distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. 

First responders at the operational level shall have received 

at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient 

experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the 

following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness 

level and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment 

techniques.

(B) Know how to select and use proper personal 

protective equipment provided to the first responder 

operational level
22 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(C) An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.

(D) Know how to perform basic control, containment 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available to the unit.

(E) Know how to implement basic decontamination 

procedures.

(F) An understanding of the relevant standard operating 

procedures and termination procedures.

(iii) Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials 

technicians are individuals who respond to releases or 

potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. 

They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at 

the operations level in that they will approach the point of 

release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of 

a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall 

have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the first 

responder operations level and in addition have competency 

in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency 

response plan.

(B) Know the classification, identification and verification 

of known and unknown materials by using field 

survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Be able to function within an assigned role in the 

Incident Command System.

(D) Know how to select and use proper specialized 

chemical personal protective equipment provided to 

the hazardous materials technician. 

(E) Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(F) Be able to perform advance control, containment, 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available to the unit. 

(G) Understand and implement decontamination.

(H) Understand termination procedures. 

(I) Understand basic chemical and toxicological 

terminology and behavior.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 23

Training Requirements

(iv) Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials 

specialists are individuals who respond with and provide 

support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties 

parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, 

however, those duties require a more directed or specific 

knowledge of the various substances they may be called 

upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would 

also act as the site liaison with federal, state, local and 

other government authorities for site activities. Hazardous 

materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of 

training equal to the technician level and in addition have 

competency in the following areas and the employer shall so 

certify: 

(A) Know how to implement the local emergency 

response plan.

(B) Understand classification, identification and 

verification of known and unknown materials by 

using advanced survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Know the state emergency response plan.

(D) Be able to select and use proper specialized chemical 

personal protective equipment provided to the 

hazardous materials specialist.

(E) Understand in-depth hazard and risk assessment 

techniques.

(F) Be able to perform specialized control, containment, 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available.

(G) Be able to determine and implement decontamination 

procedures.

(H) Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.

(I) Understand chemical, radiological and toxicological 

terminology and behavior.

(v) On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who 

will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first 

responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of 

training equal to the first responder operations level and in 

addition have competency in the following areas and the 

employer shall so certify:
24 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(A) Know and be able to implement the employer’s 

incident command system.

(B) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency 

response plan.

(C) Know and understand the hazards and risks associated 

with employees working in chemical protective 

clothing.

(D) Know how to implement the local emergency 

response plan. 

(E) Know of the state emergency response plan and of the 

Federal Regional Response Team.

(F) Know and understand the importance of 

decontamination procedures.

(7) Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall 

have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the 

subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by 

the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/

or academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to 

demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command 

of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.

(8) Refresher Training. 

(i) Those employees who are trained in accordance with 

paragraph (q)(6) of this section shall receive annual 

refresher training of sufficient content and duration to 

maintain their competencies, or shall demonstrate their 

competency in those areas at least yearly. 

(ii) A statement shall be made on the training or competency, 

and if a statement of competency is made, the employer 

shall keep a record of the methodology used to demonstrate 

competency.

(11)Post-emergency response operations. Upon completion of the 

emergency response, if it is determined that it is necessary to 

remove hazardous substances, health hazards and materials 

contaminated with them (such as contaminated soil or other 

elements of the natural environment) from the site of the 

incident, the employer conducting the clean-up shall comply 

with one of the following:
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 25

Training Requirements

(i) Meet all the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (o) of 

this section; or

(ii) Where the clean-up is done on plant property using plant or 

workplace employees, such employees shall have completed 

the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1910.38, 

1910.134, 1910.1200, and other appropriate safety and 

health training made necessary by the tasks they are 

expected to perform such as personal protective equipment 

and decontamination procedures.

Appendix C to 1910.120 — Compliance guidelines

1. Occupational Safety and Health Program. Each hazardous waste site clean-up 

effort will require an occupational safety and health program headed by the site 

coordinator or the employer’s representative. The purpose of the program will be the 

protection of employees at the site and will be an extension of the employer’s overall 

safety and health program...

...Each site or workplace safety and health program will need to include the following...

...(4) means for the training of supervisors and employees to develop the needed 

skills and knowledge to perform their work in a safe and healthful manner...

2. Training. The training program for employees subject to the requirements of 

paragraph (e) of this standard should address:

• the safety and health hazards employees should expect to find on hazardous waste 

clean-up sites; 

• what control measures or techniques are effective for those hazards; 

• what monitoring procedures are effective in characterizing exposure levels; 

• what makes an effective employer’s safety and health program;

• what a site safety and health program should include;

• hands-on training with personal protective equipment and clothing they may be 

expected to use; 

• the contents of the OSHA standards relevant to the employee’s duties and 

functions; and 

• employee’s responsibilities under OSHA and other regulations.

Supervisors will need training in their responsibilities under the safety and health 

program and its subject areas such as the spill containment program, the personal 

protective equipment program, the medical surveillance program, and the emergency 

response plan and other areas.
26 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

The training programs for employees subject to the requirements of paragraph (p) of 

this standard should address:

• the employer’s safety and health program elements impacting employees; 

• the hazard communication program; 

• the medical surveillance program; 

• the hazards and the controls for such hazards that employees need to know for 

their job duties and functions. 

All require annual refresher training.

The training programs for employees covered by the requirements of paragraph (q) 

of this standard should address those competencies required for the various levels of 

response such as: 

• hazards associated with hazardous substances; 

• hazard identification and awareness; 

• notification of appropriate persons; 

• need for and use of personal protective equipment including respirators;

• decontamination procedures to be used; 

• preplanning activities for hazardous substance incidents including the emergency 

response plan; 

• company standard operating procedures for hazardous substance emergency 

responses; 

• use of the incident command system and other subjects. 

Hands-on training should be stressed whenever possible. Critiques done after an 

incident which include an evaluation of what worked and what did not and how 

could the incident be better handled the next time may be counted as training time.

For hazardous materials specialists (usually members of hazardous materials teams), 

the training should address the care, use and/or testing of chemical protective 

clothing including totally encapsulating suits, the medical surveillance program, the 

standard operating procedures for the hazardous materials team including the use of 

plugging and patching equipment and other subject areas.

Officers and leaders who may be expected to be in charge at an incident should be 

fully knowledgeable of their company’s incident command system. They should 

know where and how to obtain additional assistance and be familiar with the local 

district’s emergency response plan and the state emergency response plan.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 27

Training Requirements

Specialist employees such as technical experts, medical experts or environmental 

experts that work with hazardous materials in their regular jobs, who may be sent to 

the incident scene by the shipper, manufacturer or governmental agency to advise 

and assist the person in charge of the incident should have training on an annual 

basis. Their training should include the care and use of personal protective equipment 

including respirators; knowledge of the incident command system and how they are to 

relate to it; and those areas needed to keep them current in their respective field as it 

relates to safety and health involving specific hazardous substances.

Those skilled support personnel, such as employees who work for public works 

departments or equipment operators who operate bulldozers, sand trucks, backhoes, 

etc., who may be called to the incident scene to provide emergency support 

assistance, should have at least a safety and health briefing before entering the area 

of potential or actual exposure. These skilled support personnel, who have not been 

a part of the emergency response plan and do not meet the training requirements, 

should be made aware of the hazards they face and should be provided all necessary 

protective clothing and equipment required for their tasks.

There are two National Fire Protection Association standards, NFPA 472—“Standard for 

Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Material Incidents” and NFPA 

471—“Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Material Incidents,” which 

are excellent resource documents to aid fire departments and other emergency response 

organizations in developing their training program materials. NFPA 472 provides 

guidance on the skills and knowledge needed for first responder awareness level, first 

responder operations level, hazmat technicians, and hazmat specialist. It also offers 

guidance for the officer corp who will be in charge of hazardous substance incidents.

Appendix E to 1910.120 — Training curriculum guidelines

The following non-mandatory general criteria may be used for assistance in developing 

site-specific training curriculum used to meet the training requirements of 29 CFR 

1910.120(e); 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(7), (p)(8)(iii); and 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6), (q)(7), 

and (q)(8). These are generic guidelines and they are not presented as a complete 

training curriculum for any specific employer. Site-specific training programs must be 

developed on the basis of a needs assessment of the hazardous waste site, RCRA/TSDF, 

or emergency response operation in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120.

It is noted that the legal requirements are set forth in the regulatory text of §1910.120. 

The guidance set forth here presents a highly effective program that in the areas covered 

would meet or exceed the regulatory requirements. In addition, other approaches could 

meet the regulatory requirements.
28 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Suggested General Criteria

Definitions: 

“Competent” means possessing the skills, knowledge, experience, and judgment to 

perform assigned tasks or activities satisfactorily as determined by the employer.

“Demonstration” means the showing by actual use of equipment or procedures.

“Hands-on training” means training in a simulated work environment that permits each 

student to have experience performing tasks, making decisions, or using equipment 

appropriate to the job assignment for which the training is being conducted.

“Initial training” means training required prior to beginning work.

“Lecture” means an interactive discourse with a class led by an instructor.

“Proficient” means meeting a stated level of achievement.

“Site-specific” means individual training directed to the operations of a specific job site.

“Training hours” means the number of hours devoted to lecture, learning activities, 

small group work sessions, demonstration, evaluations, or hands-on experience.

Suggested core criteria: 

1. Training facility.

The training facility should have available sufficient resources, equipment, and site 

locations to perform didactic and hands-on training when appropriate. Training 

facilities should have sufficient organization, support staff, and services to conduct 

training in each of the courses offered.

2. Training Director.

Each training program should be under the direction of a training director who is 

responsible for the program. The Training Director should have a minimum of two years 

of employee education experience.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 29

Training Requirements

3. Instructors.

Instructors should be deemed competent on the basis of:

• previous documented experience in their area of instruction, 

• successful completion of a “train-the-trainer” program specific to the topics they 

will teach, 

• evaluation of instructional competence by the Training Director.

Instructors should be required to maintain professional competency by participating in 

continuing education or professional development programs or by completing successfully 

an annual refresher course and having an annual review by the Training Director.

The annual review by the Training Director should include 

• observation of an instructor’s delivery, 

• a review of those observations with the trainer, and

• an analysis of any instructor or class evaluations completed by the students during 

the previous year.

4. Course materials.

The Training Director should approve all course materials to be used by the training 

provider. Course materials should be reviewed and updated at least annually. Materials 

and equipment should be in good working order and maintained properly.

All written and audio-visual materials in training curricula should be peer reviewed by 

technically competent outside reviewers or by a standing advisory committee.

Reviewers should possess expertise in the following disciplines were applicable: 

• occupational health, 

• industrial hygiene and safety, 

• chemical/environmental engineering, 

• employee education, or emergency response. 

One or more of the peer reviewers should be an employee experienced in the work 

activities to which the training is directed.
30 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

5. Students.

The program for accepting students should include:

a. Assurance that the student is or will be involved in work where chemical exposures 

are likely and that the student possesses the skills necessary to perform the work.

b. A policy on the necessary medical clearance.

6. Ratios.

Student-instructor ratios should not exceed 30 students per instructor. Hands-on 

activity requiring the use of personal protective equipment should have the following 

student-instructor ratios:

• For Level C or Level D personal protective equipment the ratio should be 10 

students per instructor. 

• For Level A or Level B personal protective equipment the ratio should be 5 students 

per instructor.

7. Proficiency assessment.

Proficiency should be evaluated and documented by the use of a written assessment and 

a skill demonstration selected and developed by the Training Director and training staff. 

The assessment and demonstration should evaluate the knowledge and individual skills 

developed in the course of training. The level of minimum achievement necessary for 

proficiency shall be specified in writing by the Training Director.

If a written test is used, there should be a minimum of 50 questions. If a written test is 

used in combination with a skills demonstration, a minimum of 25 questions should be 

used. If a skills demonstration is used, the tasks chosen and the means to rate successful 

completion should be fully documented by the Training Director.

The content of the written test or of the skill demonstration shall be relevant to the 

objectives of the course. The written test and skill demonstration should be updated as 

necessary to reflect changes in the curriculum and any update should be approved by 

the Training Director.

The proficiency assessment methods, regardless of the approach or combination of 

approaches used, should be justified, documented and approved by the Training Director.

The proficiency of those taking the additional courses for supervisors should be evaluated 

and documented by using proficiency assessment methods acceptable to the Training 

Director. These proficiency assessment methods must reflect the additional responsibilities 

borne by supervisory personnel in hazardous waste operations or emergency response.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 31

Training Requirements

8. Course certificate.

Written documentation should be provided to each student who satisfactorily completes 

the training course. The documentation should include:

a. Student’s name.

b. Course title.

c. Course date.

d. Statement that the student has successfully completed the course.

e. Name and address of the training provider.

f. An individual identification number for the certificate.

g. List of the levels of personal protective equipment used by the student to 

complete the course.

This documentation may include a certificate and an appropriate wallet-sized laminated 

card with a photograph of the student and the above information. When such course 

certificate cards are used, the individual identification number for the training certificate 

should be shown on the card.

9. Recordkeeping.

Training providers should maintain records that list:

• the dates courses were presented, 

• the names of the individual course attenders, 

• the names of those students successfully completing each course, and

• the number of training certificates issued to each successful student. 

These records should be maintained for a minimum of five years after the date an individual 

participated in a training program offered by the training provider. These records should be 

available and provided upon the student’s request or as mandated by law.

10. Program quality control.

The Training Director should conduct or direct an annual written audit of the training 

program. Program modifications to address deficiencies, if any, should be documented, 

approved, and implemented by the training provider. The audit and the program 

modification documents should be maintained at the training facility.
32 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Suggested Program Quality Control Criteria

Factors listed here are suggested criteria for determining the quality and appropriateness 

of employee health and safety training for hazardous waste operations and emergency 

response.

A. Training Plan.

Adequacy and appropriateness of the training program’s curriculum development, 

instructor training, distribution of course materials, and direct student training should 

be considered, including:

1. The duration of training, course content, and course schedules/agendas;

2. The different training requirements of the various target populations, as specified 

in the appropriate generic training curriculum;

3. The process for the development of curriculum, which includes appropriate 

technical input, outside review, evaluation, program pretesting;

4. The adequate and appropriate inclusion of hands-on, demonstration, and 

instruction methods;

5. Adequate monitoring of student safety, progress, and performance during 

the training.

B. Program management, Training Director, staff, and consultants.

Adequacy and appropriateness of staff performance and delivering an effective training 

program should be considered, including:

1. Demonstration of the training director’s leadership in assuring quality of health 

and safety training.

2. Demonstration of the competency of the staff to meet the demands of delivering 

high quality hazardous waste employee health and safety training.

3. Organization charts establishing clear lines of authority.

4. Clearly defined staff duties including the relationship of the training staff to the 

overall program.

5. Evidence that the training organizational structure suits the needs of the 

training program.

6. Appropriateness and adequacy of the training methods used by the instructors.

7. Sufficiency of the time committed by the training director and staff to the 

training program.

8. Adequacy of the ratio of training staff to students.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 33

Training Requirements

9. Availability and commitment of the training program of adequate human and 

equipment resources in the areas of

a. Health effects,

b. Safety,

c. Personal protective equipment (PPE),

d. Operational procedures,

e. Employee protection practices/procedures.

10. Appropriateness of management controls.

11. Adequacy of the organization and appropriate resources assigned to assure 

appropriate training.

12. In the case of multiple-site training programs, adequacy of satellite centers 

management.

C. Training facilities and resources.

Adequacy and appropriateness of the facilities and resources for supporting the training 

program should be considered, including:

1. Space and equipment to conduct the training.

2. Facilities for representative hands-on training.

3. In the case of multiple-site programs, equipment and facilities at the satellite centers.

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to 

account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program to 

ensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the 

quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student evaluations to provide 

feedback for training program improvement.

D. Quality control and evaluation.

Adequacy and appropriateness of quality control and evaluation plans for training 

programs should be considered, including:

1. A balanced advisory committee and/or competent outside reviewers to give 

overall policy guidance.

2. Clear and adequate definition of the composition and active programmatic role 

of the advisory committee or outside reviewers.
34 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

3. Adequacy of the minutes or reports of the advisory committee or outside 

reviewers’ meetings or written communication.

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to 

account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program to 

ensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the 

quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student evaluations to provide 

feedback for training program improvement.

E. Students 

Adequacy and appropriateness of the program for accepting students should be 

considered, including:

1. Assurance that the student already possess the necessary skills for their job, 

including necessary documentation.

2. Appropriateness of methods the program uses to ensure that recruits are capable 

of satisfactorily completing training.

3. Review and compliance with any medical clearance policy.

F. Institutional Environment and Administrative Support 

The adequacy and appropriateness of the institutional environment and administrative 

support system for the training program should be considered, including:

1. Adequacy of the institutional commitment to the employee training program.

2. Adequacy and appropriateness of the administrative structure and 

administrative support.

G. Summary of Evaluation Questions 

Key questions for evaluating the quality and appropriateness of an overall training 

program should include the following:

1. Are the program objectives clearly stated?

2. Is the program accomplishing its objectives?

3. Are appropriate facilities and staff available?

4. Is there an appropriate mix of classroom, demonstration, and hands-on training?

5. Is the program providing quality employee health and safety training that fully 

meets the intent of regulatory requirements?
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 35

Training Requirements

6. What are the program’s main strengths?

7. What are the program’s main weaknesses?

8. What is recommended to improve the program?

9. Are instructors instructing according to their training outlines?

10. Is the evaluation tool current and appropriate for the program content?

11. Is the course material current and relevant to the target group?

Suggested Training Curriculum Guidelines

The following training curriculum guidelines are for those operations specifically 

identified in 29 CFR 1910.120 as requiring training. Issues such as qualifications of 

instructors, training certification, and similar criteria appropriate to all categories of 

operations addressed in 1910.120 have been covered in the preceding section and are 

not readdressed in each of the generic guidelines. Basic core requirements for training 

programs that are addressed include:

1. General Hazardous Waste Operations

2. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) operations—Treatment, 

storage, and disposal facilities.

3. Emergency Response.

A. General Hazardous Waste Operations and Site-specific Training 

1. Off-site training. Training course content for hazardous waste operations, required 

by 29 CFR 1910.120(e), should include the following topics or procedures:

a. Regulatory knowledge.

(1) A review of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the core elements of an occupational 

safety and health program.

(2) The content of a medical surveillance program as outlined in 29 CFR 

1910.120(f).

(3) The content of an effective site safety and health plan consistent with the 

requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(b)(4)(ii).

(4) Emergency response plan and procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 

1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.120(l).

(5) Adequate illumination.

(6) Sanitation recommendation and equipment.

(7) Review and explanation of OSHA’s Hazard Communication standard 

(29 CFR 1910.1200) and Lockout/Tagout standard (29 CFR 1910.147).
36 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(8) Review of other applicable standards including but not limited to those 

in the Construction standards (29 CFR part 1926).

(9) Rights and responsibilities of employers and employees under 

applicable OSHA and EPA laws.

b. Technical knowledge.

(1) Type of potential exposures to chemical, biological, and radiological 

hazards; types of human responses to these hazards and recognition of 

those responses; principles of toxicology and information about acute and 

chronic hazards; health and safety considerations of new technology.

(2) Fundamentals of chemical hazards including but not limited to 

vapor pressure, boiling points, flash points, ph, other physical and 

chemical properties.

(3) Fire and explosion hazards of chemicals.

(4) General safety hazards such as but not limited to electrical hazards, 

powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, walking-working 

surface hazards, excavation hazards, and hazards associated with working 

in hot and cold temperature extremes.

(5) Review and knowledge of confined space entry procedures in 29 CFR 

1910.146.

(6) Work practices to minimize employee risk from site hazards.

(7) Safe use of engineering controls, equipment, and any new relevant 

safety technology or safety procedures.

(8) Review and demonstration of competency with air sampling and 

monitoring equipment that may be used in a site monitoring program.

(9) Container sampling procedures and safeguarding; general drum and 

container handling procedures including special requirement for 

laboratory waste packs, shock-sensitive wastes, and radioactive wastes.

(10)The elements of a spill control program.

(11)Proper use and limitations of material handling equipment.

(12)Procedures for safe and healthful preparation of containers for shipping 

and transport.

(13) Methods of communication including those used while wearing 

respiratory protection.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 37

Training Requirements

c. Technical skills. 

(1) Selection, use maintenance, and limitations of personal protective 

equipment including the components and procedures for carrying out a 

respirator program to comply with 29 CFR 1910.134.

(2) Instruction in decontamination programs including personnel, 

equipment, and hardware; hands-on training including level A, B, and 

C ensembles and appropriate decontamination lines; field activities 

including the donning and doffing of protective equipment to a level 

commensurate with the employee’s anticipated job function and 

responsibility and to the degree required by potential hazards.

(3) Sources for additional hazard information; exercises using relevant 

manuals and hazard coding systems.

d. Additional suggested items. 

(1) A laminated, dated card or certificate with photo, denoting limitations 

and level of protection for which the employee is trained should be 

issued to those students successfully completing a course.

(2) Attendance should be required at all training modules, with successful 

completion of exercises and a final written or oral examination with at 

least 50 questions.

(3) A minimum of one-third of the program should be devoted to handson exercises.

(4) A curriculum should be established for the 8-hour refresher training 

required by 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(8), with delivery of such courses 

directed toward those areas of previous training that need improvement 

or reemphasis.

(5) A curriculum should be established for the required 8-hour training 

for supervisors. Demonstrated competency in the skills and knowledge 

provided in a 40-hour course should be a prerequisite for supervisor 

training.

2. Refresher training. 

The 8-hour annual refresher training required in 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(8) should 

be conducted by qualified training providers. Refresher training should include 

at a minimum the following topics and procedures:

(a) Review of and retraining on relevant topics covered in the 40-hour 

program, as appropriate, using reports by the students on their work 

experiences.
38 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(b) Update on developments with respect to material covered in the 40-

hour course.

(c) Review of changes to pertinent provisions of EPA or OSHA standards 

or laws.

(d) Introduction of additional subject areas as appropriate.

(e) Hands-on review of new or altered PPE or decontamination equipment 

or procedures. Review of new developments in personal protective 

equipment.

(f) Review of newly developed air and contaminant monitoring equipment.

3. On-site training. 

a. The employer should provide employees engaged in hazardous waste site 

activities with information and training prior to initial assignment to their 

work area, as follows:

(1) The requirements of the hazard communication program including 

the location and availability of the written program, required lists of 

hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets.

(2) Activities and locations in their work area where hazardous substances 

may be present.

(3) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or 

release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such as monitoring 

conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual 

appearances, or other evidence (sight, sound or smell) of hazardous 

chemicals being released, and applicable alarms from monitoring 

devices that record chemical releases.

(4) The physical and health hazards of substances known or potentially 

present in the work area.

(5) The measures employees can take to help protect themselves from worksite hazards, including specific procedures the employer has implemented.

(6) An explanation of the labeling system and material safety data sheets 

and how employees can obtain and use appropriate hazard information.

(7) The elements of the confined space program including special PPE, 

permits, monitoring requirements, communication procedures, 

emergency response, and applicable lock-out procedures.

b. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information and 

training and should provide a review and access to the site safety and plan 

as follows:
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 39

Training Requirements

(1) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health.

(2) Safety and health hazards present on the site.

(3) Selection, use, maintenance, and limitations of personal protective 

equipment specific to the site.

(4) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards.

(5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on site.

(6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize employee 

contact with hazardous substances, including:

(A) Employee decontamination,

(B) Clothing decontamination, and

(C) Equipment decontamination.

(7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including:

(A) Pre-emergency planning.

(B) Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication.

(C) Emergency recognition and prevention.

(D) Safe distances and places of refuge.

(E) Site security and control.

(F) Evacuation routes and procedures.

(G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety and 

health plan.

(H) Emergency medical treatment and first aid.

(I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling emergency 

incidents.

c. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information 

and training on personal protective equipment used at the site, such as 

the following:

(1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards.

(2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations during 

temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical 

considerations; use and limitations of respirator equipment as well as 

documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134.

(3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use.

(4) PPE donning and doffing procedures.

(5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures.
40 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(6) PPE maintenance and storage.

(7) Task duration as related to PPE limitations.

d. The employer should instruct the employee about the site medical 

surveillance program relative to the particular site, including

(1) Specific medical surveillance programs that have been adapted for 

the site.

(2) Specific signs and symptoms related to exposure to hazardous materials 

on the site.

(3) The frequency and extent of periodic medical examinations that will be 

used on the site.

(4) Maintenance and availability of records.

(5) Personnel to be contacted and procedures to be followed when signs 

and symptoms of exposures are recognized.

e. The employees will review and discuss the site safety plan as part of the training 

program. The location of the site safety plan and all written programs should be 

discussed with employees including a discussion of the mechanisms for access, 

review, and references described.

B. RCRA Operations Training for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities. 

1. As a minimum, the training course required in 29 CFR 1910.120(p) should 

include the following topics:

(a) Review of the applicable paragraphs of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the elements of 

the employer’s occupational safety and health plan.

(b) Review of relevant hazards such as, but not limited to, chemical, biological, 

and radiological exposures; fire and explosion hazards; thermal extremes; 

and physical hazards.

(c) General safety hazards including those associated with electrical hazards, 

powered equipment hazards, lockout/tagout procedures, motor vehicle 

hazards and walking-working surface hazards.

(d) Confined space hazards and procedures.

(e) Work practices to minimize employee risk from workplace hazards.

(f) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid meeting the 

requirements of paragraph (p)(8).

(g) A review of procedures to minimize exposure to hazardous waste and 

various type of waste streams, including the materials handling program and 

spill containment program.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 41

Training Requirements

(h) A review of hazard communication programs meeting the requirements of 

29 CFR 1910.1200.

(i) A review of medical surveillance programs meeting the requirements of 

29 CFR 1910.120(p)(3) including the recognition of signs and symptoms of 

overexposure to hazardous substances including known synergistic interactions.

(j) A review of decontamination programs and procedures meeting the 

requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(4).

(k) A review of an employer’s requirements to implement a training program 

and its elements.

(l) A review of the criteria and programs for proper selection and use of 

personal protective equipment, including respirators.

(m) A review of the applicable appendices to 29 CFR 1910.120.

(n) Principles of toxicology and biological monitoring as they pertain to 

occupational health.

(o) Rights and responsibilities of employees and employers under applicable OSHA 

and EPA laws.

(p) Hands-on exercises and demonstrations of competency with equipment 

to illustrate the basic equipment principles that may be used during the 

performance of work duties, including the donning and doffing of PPE.

(q) Sources of reference, efficient use of relevant manuals, and knowledge of hazard 

coding systems to include information contained in hazardous waste manifests.

(r) At least 8 hours of hands-on training.

(s) Training in the job skills required for an employee’s job function and 

responsibility before they are permitted to participate in or supervise 

field activities.

2. The individual employer should provide hazardous waste employees with 

information and training prior to an employee’s initial assignment into a work 

area. The training and information should cover the following topics:

(a) The Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid.

(b) A review of the employer’s hazardous waste handling procedures including 

the materials handling program and elements of the spill containment 

program, location of spill response kits or equipment, and the names of 

those trained to respond to releases.

(c) The hazardous communication program meeting the requirements of 29 

CFR 1910.1200.
42 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(d) A review of the employer’s medical surveillance program including the 

recognition of signs and symptoms of exposure to relevant hazardous 

substance including known synergistic interactions.

(e) A review of the employer’s decontamination program and procedures.

(f) A review of the employer’s training program and the parties responsible for 

that program.

(g) A review of the employer’s personal protective equipment program including 

the proper selection and use of PPE based upon specific site hazards.

(h) All relevant site-specific procedures addressing potential safety and health 

hazards. This may include, as appropriate, biological and radiological 

exposures, fire and explosion hazards, thermal hazards, and physical hazards 

such as electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, lockout/tagout 

hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(i) Safe use engineering controls and equipment on site.

(j) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for safety and health.

C. Emergency response training. 

Federal OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1910.120(q) are directed toward private sector 

emergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the 

appendix are directed toward that employee population. However, they also impact 

indirectly through State OSHA or USEPA regulations some public sector emergency 

responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the appendix may be 

applied to both employee populations.

States with OSHA state plans must cover their employees with regulations at 

least as effective as the Federal OSHA standards. Public employees in states 

without approved state OSHA programs covering hazardous waste operations and 

emergency response are covered by the U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 311, a regulation 

virtually identical to §1910.120.

Since this is a non-mandatory appendix and therefore not an enforceable standard, 

OSHA recommends that those employers, employees or volunteers in public sector 

emergency response organizations outside Federal OSHA jurisdiction consider the 

following criteria in developing their own training programs. A unified approach to 

training at the community level between emergency response organizations covered 

by Federal OSHA and those not covered directly by Federal OSHA can help ensure 

an effective community response to the release or potential release of hazardous 

substances in the community.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 43

Training Requirements

a. General considerations.

Emergency response organizations are required to consider the topics listed in 

§1910.120(q)(6). Emergency response organizations may use some or all of the 

following topics to supplement those mandatory topics when developing their 

response training programs. Many of the topics would require an interaction 

between the response provider and the individuals responsible for the site where 

the response would be expected.

(1) Hazard recognition, including:

(A) Nature of hazardous substances present,

(B) Practical applications of hazard recognition, including presentations on 

biology, chemistry, and physics.

(2) Principles of toxicology, biological monitoring, and risk assessment.

(3) Safe work practices and general site safety.

(4) Engineering controls and hazardous waste operations.

(5) Site safety plans and standard operating procedures.

(6) Decontamination procedures and practices.

(7) Emergency procedures, first aid, and self-rescue.

(8) Safe use of field equipment.

(9) Storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous substances.

(10) Use, care, and limitations of personal protective equipment.

(11) Safe sampling techniques.

(12) Rights and responsibilities of employees under OSHA and other related laws 

concerning right-to-know, safety and health, compensations and liability.

(13) Medical monitoring requirements.

(14) Community relations.

b. Suggested criteria for specific courses.

(1) First responder awareness level.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s 

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) and familiarization with OSHA 

standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.
44 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to 

determine both the hazardous substances present and the basic hazard 

and response information for each hazardous substance present.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing actions consistent with the 

local emergency response plan, the organization’s standard operating 

procedures, and the current edition of DOT’s ERG including emergency 

notification procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, 

motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(F) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First Responder 

at the Awareness Level covered in the National Fire Protection 

Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders 

to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(2) First responder operations level.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s 

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety 

data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer 

contacts, and other relevant sources of information addressing 

hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA standard 

29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to 

determine the hazardous substances present, the likely behavior of the 

hazardous substance and its container, the types of hazardous substance 

transportation containers and vehicles, the types and selection of the 

appropriate defensive strategy for containing the release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions 

consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization’s 

standard operating procedures, and the current edition of DOT’s ERG 

including extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up 

communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use of 

personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practice of personnel and equipment 

decontamination.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 45

Training Requirements

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, 

motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First Responder 

at the Operations Level covered in the National Fire Protection 

Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders 

to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(3) Hazardous materials technician.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with written and electronic information relative 

to response decision making including but not limited to the U.S. 

Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), 

manufacturer material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, 

shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer data bases and response 

models, and other relevant sources of information addressing 

hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA standard 

29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident 

to determine the hazardous substances present, their physical and 

chemical properties, the likely behavior of the hazardous substance 

and its container, the types of hazardous substance transportation 

containers and vehicles involved in the release, the appropriate strategy 

for approaching release sites and containing the release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions 

consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization’s 

standard operating procedures, and the current edition of DOT’s ERG 

including extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up 

communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use of 

personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practices of establishing exposure zones, 

proper decontamination and medical surveillance stations and procedures.

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, 

motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.
46 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Hazardous 

Materials Technician covered in the National Fire Protection 

Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders 

to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(4) Hazardous materials specialist.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with retrieval and use of written and electronic 

information relative to response decision making including but 

not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency 

Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety data sheets, 

CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer 

data bases and response models, and other relevant sources of 

information addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization 

with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident 

to determine the hazardous substances present, their physical and 

chemical properties, and the likely behavior of the hazardous substance 

and its container, vessel, or vehicle.

(D) Review of the principles and practices for identification of the types 

of hazardous substance transportation containers, vessels and vehicles 

involved in the release; selecting and using the various types of 

equipment available for plugging or patching transportation containers, 

vessels or vehicles; organizing and directing the use of multiple teams 

of hazardous material technicians and selecting the appropriate strategy 

for approaching release sites and containing or stopping the release.

(E) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions 

consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization’s 

standard operating procedures, including knowledge of the available 

public and private response resources, establishment of an incident 

command post, direction of hazardous material technician teams, 

and extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up 

communications.

(F) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use of 

personal protective equipment.

(G) Review of the principles and practices of establishing exposure zones 

and proper decontamination, monitoring and medical surveillance 

stations and procedures.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 47

Training Requirements

(H) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, 

motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(I) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Off-site Specialist 

Employee covered in the National Fire Protection Association’s 

Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous 

Materials Incidents.

(5) Incident commander.

The incident commander is the individual who, at any one time, is 

responsible for and in control of the response effort. This individual is 

the person responsible for the direction and coordination of the response 

effort. An incident commander’s position should be occupied by the most 

senior, appropriately trained individual present at the response site. Yet, as 

necessary and appropriate by the level of response provided, the position 

may be occupied by many individuals during a particular response as the 

need for greater authority, responsibility, or training increases. It is possible 

for the first responder at the awareness level to assume the duties of incident 

commander until a more senior and appropriately trained individual arrives 

at the response site.

Therefore, any emergency responder expected to perform as an incident 

commander should be trained to fulfill the obligations of the position at the 

level of response they will be providing including the following:

(A) Ability to analyze a hazardous substance incident to determine the 

magnitude of the response problem.

(B) Ability to plan and implement an appropriate response plan within the 

capabilities of available personnel and equipment.

(C) Ability to implement a response to favorably change the outcome of the 

incident in a manner consistent with the local emergency response plan 

and the organization’s standard operating procedures.

(D) Ability to evaluate the progress of the emergency response to ensure that 

the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiently.

(E) Ability to adjust the response plan to the conditions of the response and 

to notify higher levels of response when required by the changes to the 

response plan.
48 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Subpart I – Personal Protective Equipment

1910.132 General requirements

(f) Training

(1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is 

required by this section to use PPE. Each such employee shall be 

trained to know at least the following:

(i) When PPE is necessary;

(ii) What PPE is necessary;

(iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust and wear PPE;

(iv) The limitations of the PPE; and,

(v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of 

the PPE.

(2) Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of 

the training specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and the 

ability to use PPE properly before being allowed to perform work 

requiring the use of PPE.

(3) When the employer has reason to believe that any affected 

employee who has already been trained does not have the 

understanding and skill required by paragraph (f)(2) of 

this section, the employer shall retrain each such employee. 

Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not 

limited to, situations where:

(i) Changes in the workplace render previous training 

obsolete, or

(ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous 

training obsolete; or

(iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of 

assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained 

the requisite understanding or skill.

Paragraphs (d) and (f) of this section apply only to 1910.133, 1910.135, 

1910.136, and 1910.138. Paragraphs(d) and (f) of this section do not apply 

to 1910.134 and 1910.137.

(f)(1) 

through (3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 49

Training Requirements

1910.134 Respiratory protection

(k) Training and information. This paragraph requires the employer 

to provide effective training to employees who are required to use 

respirators. The training must be comprehensive, understandable, 

and recur annually, and more often if necessary. This paragraph also 

requires the employer to provide the basic information on respirators 

in Appendix D of this section to employees who wear respirators 

when not required by this section or by the employer to do so.

1) The employer shall ensure that each employee can demonstrate 

knowledge of at least the following:

(i) Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, 

usage, or maintenance can compromise the protective effect 

of the respirator;

(ii) What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are; 

(iii) How to use the respirator effectively in emergency 

situations, including situations in which the respirator 

malfunctions;

(iv) How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of 

the respirator;

(v) What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the 

respirator;

(vi) How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may 

limit or prevent the effective use of respirators; and

(vii) The general requirements of this section.

(2) Training shall be conducted in a manner that is understandable to 

the employee.

(3) The employer shall provide the training prior to requiring the 

employee to use a respirator in the workplace.

(4) An employer who is able to demonstrate that a new employee 

has received training within the last 12 months that addresses 

the elements specified in paragraph (k)(1)(i) through (vii) is not 

required to repeat such training provided that, as required by 

paragraph (k)(1), the employee can demonstrate knowledge of 

those element(s). Previous training not repeated initially by the 

employer must be provided no later than 12 months from the 

date of the previous training.

(k)(1) 

through (6) 
50 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(5) Retraining shall be administered annually and when the 

following situations occur:

(i) Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render 

previous training obsolete;

(ii) Inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use of the 

respirator indicate that the employee has not retained the 

requisite understanding or skill; or

(iii) Any other situation arises in which retraining appears 

necessary to ensure safe respirator use.

(6) The basic advisory information on respirators, as presented in 

Appendix D of this section, shall be provided by the employer 

in any written or oral format, to employees who wear respirators 

when such use is not required by this section or by the employer.

Subpart J – General Environmental Controls

1910.142 Temporary labor camps 

(k) First aid

(1) Adequate first-aid facilities approved by a health authority shall 

be maintained and made available in every labor camp for the 

emergency treatment of injured persons.

(2) Such facilities shall be in charge of a person trained to administer 

first aid and shall be readily accessible for use at all times.

1910.145 Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags

(c) Classification of signs according to use 

(1) Danger signs. 

(ii) All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate 

immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary.

(2) Caution signs.

(ii) All employees shall be instructed that caution signs indicate 

a possible hazard against which proper precautions should 

be taken.

(3) Safety instruction signs. Safety instruction signs shall be used 

where there is a need for general instructions and suggestions 

relative to safety measures.

(k)(1)(2)

(c)(1)(ii), (2)

(ii) and (3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 51

Training Requirements

1910.146 Permit required confined spaces

(g) Training 

(1) The employer shall provide training so that all employees whose 

work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, 

knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the 

duties assigned under this section.

(2) Training shall be provided to each affected employee:

(i) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;

(ii) Before there is a change in assigned duties;

(iii) Whenever there is a change in permit space operations 

that presents a hazard about which an employee has not 

previously been trained;

(iv) Whenever the employer has reason to believe either 

that there are deviations from the permit space entry 

procedures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this section or 

that there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or 

use of these procedures.

(3) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties 

required by this section and shall introduce new or revised 

procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this section.

(4) The employer shall certify that the training required by 

paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section has been 

accomplished. The certification shall contain each employee’s 

name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the dates of 

training. The certification shall be available for inspection by 

employees and their authorized representatives.

(k) Rescue and emergency services

(1) An employer who designates rescue and emergency services, 

pursuant to paragraph (d)(9) of this section, shall: 

(i) Evaluate a prospective rescuer’s ability to respond to a 

rescue summons in a timely manner, considering the 

hazard(s) identified; 

Note to paragraph (k)(1)(i): What will be considered timely 

will vary according to the specific hazards involved in each 

entry. For example, §1910.134, Respiratory Protection, requires 

that employers provide a standby person or persons capable of 

immediate action to rescue employee(s) wearing respiratory 

protection while in work areas defined as IDLH atmospheres.

(g) and (k)(1)(i) 

through (iv)
52 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(ii) Evaluate a prospective rescue service’s ability, in terms of 

proficiency with rescue-related tasks and equipment, to 

function appropriately while rescuing entrants from the 

particular permit space or types of permit spaces identified;

(iii) Select a rescue team or service from those evaluated that:

(A) Has the capability to reach the victim(s) within a 

time frame that is appropriate for the permit space 

hazard(s) identified;

(B) Is equipped for and proficient in performing the 

needed rescue services;

(iv) Inform each rescue team or service of the hazards they may 

confront when called on to perform rescue at the site.

1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)

(a) Scope, application, and purpose 

(3) Purpose.

(ii) When other standards in this part require the use of lockout 

or tagout, they shall be used and supplemented by the 

procedural and training requirements of this section.

(c) General 

(4) Energy control procedure.

(i) Procedures shall be developed, documented and utilized for 

the control of potentially hazardous energy when employees 

are engaged in the activities covered by this section.

Note: Exception: The employer need not document the 

required procedure for a particular machine or equipment, 

when all of the following elements exist: (1) The machine 

or equipment has no potential for stored or residual 

energy or reaccumulation of stored energy after shut 

down which could endanger employees; (2) the machine 

or equipment has a single energy source which can be 

readily identified and isolated; (3) the isolation and locking 

out of that energy source will completely deenergize and 

deactivate the machine or equipment; (4) the machine or 

equipment is isolated from that energy source and locked 

out during servicing or maintenance; (5) a single lockout 

device will achieve a locked-out condition; (6) the lockout 

device is under the exclusive control of the authorized 

(a)(3)(ii); (a)(4)(i); (c)

(6)(i)(D); (a)(7) and (8); 

(e)(3); and (f)(2)(i)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 53

Training Requirements

employee performing the servicing or maintenance; (7) the 

servicing or maintenance does not create hazards for other 

employees; and (8) the employer, in utilizing this exception, 

has had no accidents involving the unexpected activation 

or reenergization of the machine or equipment during 

servicing or maintenance.

(6) Periodic Inspection.

(i) The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection of the 

energy control procedure at least annually to ensure that 

the procedure and the requirements of this standard are 

being followed.

(D) Where tagout is used for energy control, the periodic 

inspection shall include a review, between the 

inspector and each authorized and affected employee, 

of that employee’s responsibilities under the energy 

control procedure being inspected, and the elements 

set forth in paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this section.

(7) Training and communication.

(i) The employer shall provide training to ensure that the 

purpose and function of the energy control program are 

understood by employees and that the knowledge and 

skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal 

of energy controls are acquired by employees. The training 

shall include the following:

(A) Each authorized employee shall receive training in the 

recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources, 

the type and magnitude of the energy available in the 

workplace, and the methods and means necessary for 

energy isolation and control.

(B) Each affected employee shall be instructed in the 

purpose and use of the energy control procedure.

(C) All other employees whose work operations are or 

may be in an area where energy control procedures 

may be utilized, shall be instructed about the 

procedure, and about the prohibition relating 

to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or 

equipment which are locked out or tagged out.

(ii) When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be 

trained in the following limitations of tags:
54 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(A) Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy 

isolating devices, and do not provide the physical 

restraint on those devices that is provided by a lock.

(B) When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, 

it is not to be removed without authorization of the 

authorized person for it, and it is never to be bypassed, 

ignored, or otherwise defeated.

(C) Tags must be legible and understandable by all 

authorized employees, affected employees, and all 

other employees whose work operations are or may be 

in the area, in order to be effective.

(D) Tags and their means of attachment must be made 

of materials which will withstand the environmental 

conditions encountered in the workplace.

(E) Tags may evoke a false sense of security, and their 

meaning needs to be understood as part of the overall 

energy control program.

(F) Tags must be securely attached to energy isolating 

devices so that they cannot be inadvertently or 

accidentally detached during use.

(iii) Employee retraining

(A) Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and 

affected employees whenever there is a change in their 

job assignments, a change in machines, equipment or 

processes that present a new hazard, or when there is a 

change in the energy control procedures.

(B) Additional retraining shall also be conducted 

whenever a periodic inspection under paragraph (c)

(6) of this section reveals, or whenever the employer 

has reason to believe, that there are deviations from 

or inadequacies in the knowledge or use of the energy 

control procedures.

(C) The retraining shall reestablish employee proficiency 

and introduce new or revised control methods and 

procedures, as necessary.

(iv) The employer shall certify that employee training has been 

accomplished and is being kept up to date. The certification 

shall contain each employee’s name and dates of training.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 55

Training Requirements

(8) Energy isolation. Lockout or tagout shall be performed only 

by the authorized employees who are performing the servicing 

or maintenance.

(e) Release from lockout or tagout

(3) Lockout or tagout devices removal. Each lockout or tagout device 

shall be removed from each energy isolating device by the 

employee who applied the device. Exception to paragraph (e)

(3): When the authorized employee who applied the lockout 

or tagout device is not available to remove it, that device may 

be removed under the direction of the employer, provided that 

specific procedures and training for such removal have been 

developed, documented and incorporated into the employer’s 

energy control program. The employer shall demonstrate that the 

specific procedure provides equivalent safety to the removal of 

the device by the authorized employee who applied it.

(f) Additional requirements

(2) Outside Personnel (contractors, etc.)

(i) Whenever outside servicing personnel are to be engaged 

in activities covered by the scope and application of this 

standard, the on-site employer and the outside employer 

shall inform each other of their respective lockout or 

tagout procedures.

Subpart K – Medical Services and First Aid

1910.151 Medical services and first aid

(a) The employer shall ensure the ready availability of personnel for 

advice and consultation on matters of plant health. 

(b) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity 

to the workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured 

employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to render 

first aid. Adequate first aid supplies shall be readily available.

(a)(b)
56 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Subpart L – Fire Protection

1910.155 Fire protection

(c) Definitions

(41)“Training” means the process of making proficient through 

instruction and hands-on practice in the operation of equipment, 

including respiratory protection equipment, that is expected to 

be used and in the performance of assigned duties.

1910.156 Fire brigades

(b) Organization

(1) Organizational statement. The employer shall prepare and 

maintain a statement or written policy which establishes the 

existence of a fire brigade; the basic organizational structure; the 

type, amount, and frequency of training to be provided to fire 

brigade members; the expected number of members in the fire 

brigade; and the functions that the fire brigade is to perform at 

the workplace. The organizational statement shall be available for 

inspection by the Assistant Secretary and by employees or their 

designated representatives.

(c) Training and education 

(1) The employer shall provide training and education for all fire 

brigade members commensurate with those duties and functions 

that fire brigade members are expected to perform. Such training 

and education shall be provided to fire brigade members before 

they perform fire brigade emergency activities. Fire brigade 

leaders and training instructors shall be provided with training 

and education which is more comprehensive than that provided 

to the general membership of the fire brigade.

(2) The employer shall assure that training and education is 

conducted frequently enough to assure that each member 

of the fire brigade is able to perform the member’s assigned 

duties and functions satisfactorily and in a safe manner so as 

not to endanger fire brigade members or other employees. All 

fire brigade members shall be provided with training at least 

annually. In addition, fire brigade members who are expected to 

perform interior structural firefighting shall be provided with an 

education session or training at least quarterly.

(c)(41)

(b)(1), 

and (c)(1) 

through (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 57

Training Requirements

(3) The quality of the training and education program for fire 

brigade members shall be similar to those conducted by such fire 

training schools as the Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute; Iowa 

Fire Service Extension; West Virginia Fire Service Extension; 

Georgia Fire Academy; New York State Department, Fire 

Prevention and Control; Louisiana State University Firemen 

Training Program; or Washington State’s Fire Service, Training 

Commission for Vocational Education. (For example, for the 

oil refinery industry, with its unique hazards, the training and 

education program for those fire brigade members shall be 

similar to those conducted by Texas A & M University, Lamar 

University, Reno Fire School, or the Delaware State Fire School.)

(4) The employer shall inform fire brigade members about special 

hazards such as storage and use of flammable liquids and 

gases, toxic chemicals, radioactive sources, and water reactive 

substances, to which they may be exposed during fire and other 

emergencies. The fire brigade members shall also be advised of 

any changes that occur in relation to the special hazards. The 

employer shall develop and make available for inspection by fire 

brigade members, written procedures that describe the actions 

to be taken in situations involving the special hazards and shall 

include these in the training and education program.

1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers

(g) Training and education

(1) Where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers 

for employee use in the workplace, the employer shall also 

provide an educational program to familiarize employees with 

the general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards 

involved with incipient stage firefighting.

(2) The employer shall provide the education required in paragraph 

(g)(1) of this section upon initial employment and at least 

annually thereafter.

(3) The employer shall provide employees who have been designated 

to use fire fighting equipment as part of an emergency action 

plan with training in the use of the appropriate equipment.

(4) The employer shall provide the training required in paragraph 

(g)(3) of this section upon initial assignment to the designated 

group of employees and at least annually thereafter.

(g)(1) 

through (4)
58 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems

(e) Tests and maintenance

(2) Maintenance.

(vi) The employer shall designate trained persons to conduct all 

inspections required under this section.

1910.160 Fixed extinguishing systems

(b) General requirements

(10)The employer shall train employees designated to inspect, 

maintain, operate, or repair fixed extinguishing systems and 

annually review their training to keep them up-to-date in the 

functions they are to perform.

1910.164 Fire detection systems

(c) Maintenance and testing

(4) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance and 

testing of fire detection systems, including cleaning and necessary 

sensitivity adjustments, are performed by a trained person 

knowledgeable in the operations and functions of the system.

1910.165 Employee alarm systems

(d) Maintenance and testing

(5) The employer shall assure that the servicing, maintenance, and 

testing of employee alarms are done by persons trained in the 

designed operation and functions necessary for reliable and safe 

operation of the system.

Subpart N – Materials Handling and Storage 

1910.177 Servicing of multi-piece and single-piece rim wheels

(c) Employee training

(1) The employer shall provide a training program to train all employees 

who service rim wheels in the hazards involved in servicing 

those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be followed.

(i) The employer shall assure that no employee services any 

rim wheel unless the employee has been trained and 

(e)(2)(iv)

(b)(10)

(c)(4)

(d)(5)

(c)(1) 

through (3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 59

Training Requirements

instructed in correct procedures of servicing the type of 

wheel being serviced, and in the safe operating procedures 

described in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section.

(ii) Information to be used in the training program shall 

include at a minimum, the applicable data contained in the 

charts (rim manuals) and the contents of this standard.

(iii) Where an employer knows or has reason to believe that 

any of his employees is unable to read and understand 

the charts or rim manual, the employer shall assure that 

the employee is instructed concerning the contents of the 

charts and rim manual in a manner which the employee is 

able to understand.

(2) The employer shall assure that each employee demonstrates and 

maintains the ability to service multi-piece rim wheels safely, 

including performance of the following tasks:

(i) Demounting of tires (including deflation);

(ii) Inspection and identification of rim wheel components;

(iii) Mounting of tires (including inflation within a restraining 

device or other safeguards required by this section);

(iv) Use of the restraining device or barrier, and other 

equipment required by this section;

(v) Handling of rim wheels;

(vi) Inflation of tire when a single piece rim wheel is mounted 

on a vehicle;

(vii) An understanding of the necessity of standing outside the 

trajectory both during the inflation of the tire and during 

inspection of the rim wheel following inflation; and 

(viii)Installation and removal of rim wheels. 

(3) The employer shall evaluate each employee’s ability to perform 

these tasks and to service rim wheels safely and shall provide 

additional training as necessary to assure that each employee 

maintains his or her proficiency.

(f) Safe operating procedure — multi-piece rim wheels. The employer 

shall establish a safe operating procedure for servicing multi-piece rim 

wheels and shall assure that employees are instructed in and follow that 

procedure. The procedure shall include at least the following elements:

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated before demounting by removal 

of the valve core.
60 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(2) Tires shall be completely deflated by removing the valve core 

before a rim wheel is removed from the axle in either of the 

following situations:

(i) When the tire has been driven underinflated at 80% or less 

of its recommended pressure, or

(ii) When there is obvious or suspected damage to the tire or 

wheel components.

(3) Rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and rim mating 

surfaces during assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire, 

unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it.

(4) If a tire on a vehicle is underinflated but has more than 80% of 

the recommended pressure, the tire may be inflated while the 

rim wheel is on the vehicle provided remote control inflation 

equipment is used, and no employees remain in the trajectory 

during inflation.

(5) Tires shall be inflated outside a restraining device only to a 

pressure sufficient to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge and 

create an airtight seal with the tire and bead.

(6) Whenever a rim wheel is in a restraining device the employee 

shall not rest or lean any part of his body or equipment on or 

against the restraining device.

(7) After tire inflation, the tire and wheel components shall be 

inspected while still within the restraining device to make sure that 

they are properly seated and locked. If further adjustment to the 

tire or wheel components is necessary, the tire shall be deflated by 

removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made.

(8) No attempt shall be made to correct the seating of side and lock 

rings by hammering, striking or forcing the components while 

the tire is pressurized.

(9) Cracked, broken, bent or otherwise damaged rim components 

shall not be reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated.

(10)Whenever multi-piece rim wheels are being handled, 

employees shall stay out of the trajectory unless the employer 

can demonstrate that performance of the servicing makes the 

employee’s presence in the trajectory necessary.

(11) No heat shall be applied to a multi-piece wheel or wheel component.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 61

Training Requirements

(g) Safe operating procedure — single piece rim wheels. The employer 

shall establish a safe operating procedure for servicing single piece 

rim wheels and shall assure that employees are instructed in and 

follow that procedure. The procedure shall include at least the 

following elements:

(1) Tires shall be completely deflated by removal of the valve core 

before demounting.

(2) Mounting and demounting of the tire shall be done only from 

the narrow ledge side of the wheel. Care shall be taken to avoid 

damaging the tire beads while mounting tires on wheels. Tires 

shall be mounted only on compatible wheels of matching bead 

diameter and width.

(3) Nonflammable rubber lubricant shall be applied to bead and 

wheel mating surfaces before assembly of the rim wheel, unless 

the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against the use of 

any rubber lubricant.

(4) If a tire changing machine is used, the tire shall be inflated only 

to the minimum pressure necessary to force the tire bead onto 

the rim ledge while on the tire changing machine.

(5) If a bead expander is used, it shall be removed before the valve 

core is installed and as soon as the rim wheel becomes airtight 

(the tire bead slips onto the bead seat).

(6) Tires may be inflated only when contained within a restraining 

device, positioned behind a barrier or bolted on the vehicle with 

the lug nuts fully tightened.

(7) Tires shall not be inflated when any flat, solid surface is in the 

trajectory and within one foot of the sidewall.

(8) Employees shall stay out of the trajectory when inflating a tire.

(9) Tires shall not be inflated to more than the inflation pressure 

stamped in the sidewall unless a higher pressure is recommended 

by the manufacturer.

(10)Tires shall not be inflated above the maximum pressure 

recommended by the manufacturer to seat the tire bead firmly 

against the rim flange.

(11)No heat shall be applied to a single piece wheel.

(12)Cracked, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged wheels shall not be 

reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated.
62 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

1910.178 Powered industrial trucks

(l) Operator training

(1) Safe Operation. 

(i) The employer shall ensure that each powered industrial truck 

operator is competent to operate a powered industrial truck 

safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the 

training and evaluation specified in this paragraph (l).

(ii) Prior to permitting an employee to operate a powered 

industrial truck (except for training purposes), the 

employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully 

completed the training required by this paragraph (l), 

except as permitted by paragraph (l)(5).

(2) Training Program Implementation.

(i) Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck only:

(A) Under the direct supervision of persons who have the 

knowledge, training, and experience to train operators 

and evaluate their competence.

(B) Where such operation does not endanger the trainee 

or other employees.

(ii) Training shall consist of a combination of formal 

instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer 

learning, video tape, written material), practical training 

(demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical 

exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the 

operator’s performance in the workplace.

(iii) All operator training and evaluation shall be conducted by 

persons who have the knowledge, training, and experience 

to train powered industrial truck operators and evaluate 

their competence.

(3) Training program content. Powered industrial truck operators 

shall receive initial training in the following topics, except in 

topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to 

safe operation of the truck in the employer’s workplace.

(i) Truck-related topics: 

(A) Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions 

for the types of truck the operator will be authorized 

to operate;

(B) Differences between the truck and the automobile;

(l)(1) 

through (7)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 63

Training Requirements

(C) Truck controls and instrumentation: where they are 

located, what they do, and how they work;

(D) Engine or motor operation;

(E) Steering and maneuvering;

(F) Visibility (including restrictions due to loading);

(G) Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and use 

limitations;

(H) Vehicle capacity;

(I) Vehicle stability;

(J) Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the 

operator will be required to perform;

(K) Refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries;

(L) Operating limitations;

(M) Any other operating instructions, warnings, or 

precautions listed in the operator’s manual for the 

types of vehicle that the employee is being trained to 

operate.

(ii) Workplace-related topics:

(A) Surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated;

(B) Composition of loads to be carried and load stability;

(C) Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking;

(D) Pedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will 

be operated;

(E) Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the 

vehicle will be operated;

(F) Hazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will 

be operated;

(G) Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the 

vehicle’s stability;

(H) Closed environments and other areas where insufficient 

ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a 

buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust;

(I) Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental 

conditions in the workplace that could affect safe 

operation.

(iii) The requirements of this section.
64 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(4) Refresher training and evaluation 

(i) Refresher training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness 

of that training, shall be conducted as required by paragraph 

(l)(4)(ii) to ensure that the operator has the knowledge and 

skills needed to operate the powered industrial truck safely.

(ii) Refresher training in relevant topics shall be provided to the 

operator when:

(A) The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle 

in an unsafe manner;

(B) The operator has been involved in an accident or nearmiss incident;

(C) The operator has received an evaluation that reveals 

that the operator is not operating the truck safely;

(D) The operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck;

(E) A condition in the workplace changes in a manner 

that could affect safe operation of the truck.

(iii) An evaluation of each powered industrial truck 

operator’s performance shall be conducted at least 

once every three years.

(5) Avoidance of duplicative training. If an operator has previously 

received training in a topic specified in paragraph (l)(3) of 

this section, and such training is appropriate to the truck and 

working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic 

is not required if the operator has been evaluated and found 

competent to operate the truck safely.

(6) Certification. The employer shall certify that each operator has 

been trained and evaluated as required by this paragraph (l). The 

certification shall include the name of the operator, the date of 

the training, the date of the evaluation, and the identity of the 

person(s) performing the training or evaluation.

(7) Dates. The employer shall ensure that operators of powered 

industrial trucks are trained, as appropriate, by the dates shown 

in the following table.

If the employee 

was hired:

The initial training and evaluation 

of that must be completed:

Before December 1, 1999 By December 1, 1999

After December 1, 1999 Before the employee is assigned to 

operate a powered industrial truck
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 65

Training Requirements

1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes

(n) Handling the load 

(3) Moving the load.

(ix) When two or more cranes are used to lift a load, one 

qualified responsible person shall be in charge of the 

operation. He shall analyze the operation and instruct all 

personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the 

load, and the movements to be made.

(o) Other requirements — fire extinguishers

(3) Fire extinguishers. The employer shall insure that operators are 

familiar with the operation and care of fire extinguishers provided.

1910.180 Crawler locomotive and truck cranes

(i) Other requirements

(5) Fire extinguishers.

(ii) Operating and maintenance personnel shall be made familiar 

with the use and care of the fire extinguishers provided.

Subpart O – Machinery and Machine Guarding

1910.217 Mechanical power presses

(e) Inspection, maintenance, and modification of presses

(2) Modification. It shall be the responsibility of any person 

modifying a power press to furnish instructions with the 

modification to establish new or changed guidelines for use and 

care of the power press so modified.

(3) Training of maintenance personnel. It shall be the responsibility of 

the employer to insure the original and continuing competence of 

personnel caring for, inspecting, and maintaining power presses.

(f) Operation of power presses

(2) Instruction to operators. The employer shall train and instruct 

the operator in the safe method of work before starting work on 

any operation covered by this section. The employer shall insure 

by adequate supervision that correct operating procedures are 

being followed.

(n)(3)(ix) and 

(o)(3)

(i)(5)(ii)

(e)(2) and (3); 

(f)(2); (h)(13)
66 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(h) Presence sensing device initiation (PSDI) 

(13) Operator training.

(i) The operator training required by paragraph (f)(2) of 

this section shall be provided to the employee before the 

employee initially operates the press and as needed to 

maintain competence, but not less than annually thereafter. 

It shall include instruction relative to the following items 

for presses used in the PSDI mode:

(A) The manufacturer’s recommended test procedures for 

checking operation of the presence sensing device. 

This shall include the use of the test rod required by 

paragraph (h)(10)(i) of this section.

(B) The safety distance required.

(C) The operation, function and performance of the 

PSDI mode.

(D) The requirements for hand tools that may be used in 

the PSDI mode.

(E) The severe consequences that can result if an operator 

attempts to circumvent or bypass any of the safeguard 

or operating functions of the PSDI system.

(ii) The employer shall certify that employees have been 

trained by preparing a certification record which includes 

the identity of the person trained, the signature of the 

employer or the person who conducted the training, and 

the date the training was completed. The certification 

record shall be prepared at the completion of training 

and shall be maintained on file for the duration of the 

employee’s employment. The certification record shall be 

made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary for 

Occupational Safety and Health.

1910.218 Forging machines

(a) General requirements 

(2) Inspection and maintenance. It shall be the responsibility of the 

employer to maintain all forge shop equipment in a condition which 

will ensure continued safe operation. This responsibility includes:

(iii) Training personnel for the proper inspection and 

maintenance of forging machinery and equipment.

(a)(2)(iii)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 67

Training Requirements

Subpart Q – Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

1910.252 General requirements

(a) Fire prevention and protection

(2) Special precautions. When the nature of the work to be 

performed falls within the scope of paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this 

section certain additional precautions may be necessary: 

(xiii) Management. Management shall recognize its responsibility 

for the safe usage of cutting and welding equipment on its 

property and:

(C) Insist that cutters or welders and their supervisors 

are suitably trained in the safe operation of their 

equipment and the safe use of the process.

1910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting

(a) General requirements 

(4) Personnel. Workmen in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas 

supply equipment, including generators, and oxygen or 

fuel-gas distribution piping systems shall be instructed and 

judged competent by their employers for this important work 

before being left in charge. Rules and instructions covering 

the operation and maintenance of oxygen or fuel-gas supply 

equipment including generators, and oxygen or fuel-gas 

distribution piping systems shall be readily available.

1910.254 Arc welding and cutting

(a) General

(3) Instruction. Workmen designated to operate arc welding equipment 

shall have been properly instructed and qualified to operate such 

equipment as specified in paragraph (d) of this section.

1910.255 Resistance welding

(a) General

(3) Personnel. Workers designated to operate resistance welding 

equipment shall have been properly instructed and judged 

competent to operate such equipment.

(a)(2)(xiii)(C)

(a)(4)

(a)(3)

(a)(3)
68 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Subpart R – Special Industries

1910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills

(h) Bleaching

(3) Liquid chlorine.

(ii) Gas masks capable of absorbing chlorine shall be supplied, 

conveniently placed, and regularly inspected, and workers 

who may be exposed to chlorine gas shall be instructed in 

their use.

1910.264 Laundry machinery and operating rules

(d) Operating rules

(1) General.

(v) Instruction of employees. Employees shall be properly instructed 

as to the hazards of their work and be instructed in safe 

practices, by bulletins, printed rules, and verbal instructions.

1910.266 Logging

(i) Training

(1) The employer shall provide training for each employee, including 

supervisors, at no cost to the employee.

(2) Frequency. Training shall be provided as follows:

(i) As soon as possible but not later than the effective date of this 

section for initial training for each current and new employee;

(ii) Prior to initial assignment for each new employee;

(iii) Whenever the employee is assigned new work tasks, tools, 

equipment, machines, or vehicles; and,

(iv) Whenever an employee demonstrates unsafe job performance.

(3) Content. At a minimum, training shall consist of the 

following elements:

(i) Safe performance of assigned work tasks;

(ii) Safe use, operation, and maintenance of tools, 

machines, and vehicles the employee uses or operates, 

including emphasis on understanding and following the 

manufacturer’s operating and maintenance instructions, 

warnings, and precautions;

(h)(3)(ii)

(d)(1)(v) 

(i)(1) through (10)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 69

Training Requirements

(iii) Recognition of safety and health hazards associated with the 

employee’s specific work tasks, including the use of measures 

and work practices to prevent or control those hazards;

(iv) Recognition, prevention, and control of other safety and 

health hazards in the logging industry;

(v) Procedures, practices, and requirements of the employer’s 

work site; and

(vi) The requirements of this standard.

(4) Training of an employee due to unsafe job performance, or 

assignment of new work tasks, tools, equipment, machines, or 

vehicles may be limited to those elements in paragraph (i)(3) of 

this section which are relevant to the circumstances giving rise to 

the need for training.

(5) Portability of training.

(i) Each current employee who has received training in the 

particular elements specified in paragraph (i)(3) of this 

section shall not be required to be retrained in those elements.

(ii) Each new employee who has received training in the 

particular elements specified in paragraph (i)(3) of this 

section shall not be required to be retrained in those 

elements prior to initial assignment.

(iii) The employer shall train each current and new employee 

in those elements for which the employee has not received 

training.

(iv) The employer is responsible for ensuring that each current 

and new employee can properly and safely perform the 

work tasks and operate the tools, equipment, machines, and 

vehicles used in their job.

(6) Each new employee and each employee who is required to be 

trained as specified in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, shall 

work under the close supervision of a designated person until 

the employee demonstrates to the employer the ability to safely 

perform the new duties independently.

(7) First-aid training.

(i) The employer shall assure that each employee, including 

supervisors, receives or has received first-aid and CPR training 

meeting at least the requirements specified in Appendix B.
70 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee receives 

first-aid training at least every three years and receives CPR 

training at least annually.

(iii) The employer shall assure that each employee’s first-aid and 

CPR training and/or certificate of training remain current.

(8) All training shall be conducted by a designated person.

(9) The employer shall assure that all training required by this 

section is presented in a manner that the employee is able 

to understand. The employer shall assure that all training 

materials used are appropriate in content and vocabulary to the 

educational level, literacy, and language skills of the employees 

being trained.

(10)Certification of training.

(i) The employer shall verify compliance with paragraph (i) 

of this section by preparing a written certification record. 

The written certification record shall contain the name or 

other identity of the employee trained, the date(s) of the 

training, and the signature of the person who conducted the 

training or the signature of the employer. If the employer 

relies on training conducted prior to the employee’s hiring 

or completed prior to the effective date of this section, the 

certification record shall indicate the date the employer 

determined the prior training was adequate.

(ii) The most recent training certification shall be maintained.

1910.268 Telecommunications

(b) General 

(2) Battery handling. 

(i) Eye protection devices which provide side as well as frontal 

eye protection for employees shall be provided when 

measuring storage battery specific gravity or handling 

electrolyte, and the employer shall ensure that such devices 

are used by the employees. The employer shall also ensure 

that acid resistant gloves and aprons shall be worn for 

protection against spattering. Facilities for quick drenching 

or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided unless 

the storage batteries are of the enclosed type and equipped 

with explosion proof vents, in which case sealed water 

(b)(2)(i) and (c)

(1) through (3); 

(j)(4)(iv)(D); (l)

(1); (o)(1)(ii) 

and (3); (q)(1)

(ii), (q)(2)(ii) 

and (iii)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 71

Training Requirements

rinse or neutralizing packs may be substituted for the quick 

drenching or flushing facilities. Employees assigned to work 

with storage batteries shall be instructed in emergency 

procedures such as dealing with accidental acid spills.

(c) Training. Employers shall provide training in the various precautions 

and safe practices described in this section and shall insure that 

employees do not engage in the activities to which this section applies 

until such employees have received proper training in the various 

precautions and safe practices required by this section. However, 

where the employer can demonstrate that an employee is already 

trained in the precautions and safe practices required by this section 

prior to his employment, training need not be provided to that 

employee in accordance with this section. Where training is required, 

it shall consist of on-the-job training or classroom-type training or 

a combination of both. The employer shall certify that employees 

have been trained by preparing a certification record which includes 

the identity of the person trained, the signature of the employer or 

the person who conducted the training, and the date the training 

was completed. The certification record shall be prepared at the 

completion of training and shall be maintained on file for the duration 

of the employee’s employment. The certification record shall be made 

available upon request to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational 

Safety and Health. Such training shall, where appropriate, include the 

following subjects:

(1) Recognition and avoidance of dangers relating to encounters 

with harmful substances and animal, insect, or plant life;

(2) Procedures to be followed in emergency situations; and,

(3) First-aid training, including instruction in artificial respiration.

(j) Vehicle-mounted material handling devices and other 

mechanical equipment 

(4) Derrick trucks and similar equipment.

(iv) Derricks and the operation of derricks shall comply with 

the following requirements:

(D) Only persons trained in the operation of the derrick 

shall be permitted to operate the derrick.
72 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(l) Cable fault locating and testing.

(1) Employees involved in using high voltages to locate trouble or 

test cables shall be instructed in the precautions necessary for 

their own safety and the safety of other employees.

(o) Underground lines. The provisions of this paragraph apply 

to the guarding of manholes and street openings, and to the 

ventilation and testing for gas in manholes and unvented vaults, 

where telecommunications field work is performed on or with 

underground lines.

(1) Guarding manholes and street openings.

(ii) While work is being performed in the manhole, a person 

with basic first aid training shall be immediately available 

to render assistance if there is cause for believing that a 

safety hazard exists, and if the requirements contained 

in paragraphs (d)(1) and (o)(1)(i) of this section do not 

adequately protect the employee(s). Examples of manhole 

worksite hazards which shall be considered to constitute a 

safety hazard include, but are not limited to:

(A) Manhole worksites where safety hazards are created by 

traffic patterns that cannot be corrected by provisions 

of paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

(B) Manhole worksites that are subject to unusual water 

hazards that cannot be abated by conventional means.

(C) Manhole worksites that are occupied jointly with 

power utilities as described in paragraph (o)(3) of 

this section.

(3) Joint power and telecommunication manholes. While work is 

being performed in a manhole occupied jointly by an electric 

utility and a telecommunication utility, an employee with basic 

first-aid training shall be available in the immediate vicinity to 

render emergency assistance as may be required. The employee 

whose presence is required in the immediate vicinity for 

the purposes of rendering emergency assistance is not to be 

precluded from occasionally entering a manhole to provide 

assistance other than in an emergency. The requirement of 

this paragraph (o)(3) does not preclude a qualified employee, 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 73

Training Requirements

working alone, from entering for brief periods of time, a 

manhole where energized cables or equipment are in service, 

for the purpose of inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or 

similar work if such work can be performed safely.

(q) Tree trimming — electrical hazards

(1) General.

(ii) Employees engaged in line clearing operations shall be 

instructed that:

(A) A direct contact is made when any part of the body 

touches or contacts an energized conductor, or other 

energized electrical fixture or apparatus.

(B) An indirect contact is made when any part of the 

body touches any object in contact with an energized 

electrical conductor, or other energized fixture or 

apparatus.

(C) An indirect contact can be made through conductive 

tools, tree branches, trucks, equipment, or other 

objects, or as a result of communications wires, cables, 

fences, or guy wires being accidentally energized.

(D) Electric shock will occur when an employee, by either 

direct or indirect contact with an energized conductor, 

energized tree limb, tool, equipment, or other object, 

provides a path for the flow of electricity to a grounded 

object or to the ground itself. Simultaneous contact 

with two energized conductors will also cause electric 

shock which may result in serious or fatal injury.

(2) Working in proximity to electrical hazards.

(ii) Only qualified employees or trainees, familiar with the 

special techniques and hazards involved in line clearance, 

shall be permitted to perform the work if it is found that an 

electrical hazard exists.

(iii) During all tree working operations aloft where an electrical 

hazard of more than 750V exists, there shall be a second 

employee or trainee qualified in line clearance tree 

trimming within normal voice communication.
74 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution

(a) General 

(2) Training. 

(i) Employees shall be trained in and familiar with the safetyrelated work practices, safety procedures, and other safety 

requirements in this section that pertain to their respective 

job assignments. Employees shall also be trained in and 

familiar with any other safety practices, including applicable 

emergency procedures (such as pole top and manhole rescue), 

that are not specifically addressed by this section but that are 

related to their work and are necessary for their safety.

(ii) Qualified employees shall also be trained and competent in:

(A) The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish 

exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment,

(B) The skills and techniques necessary to determine the 

nominal voltage of exposed live parts,

(C) The minimum approach distances specified in this 

section corresponding to the voltages to which the 

qualified employee will be exposed, and

(D) The proper use of the special precautionary techniques, 

personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding 

materials, and insulated tools for working on or near 

exposed energized parts of electric equipment.

Note: For the purposes of this section, a person 

must have this training in order to be considered a 

qualified person.

(iii) The employer shall determine, through regular supervision 

and through inspections conducted on at least an annual 

basis, that each employee is complying with the safetyrelated work practices required by this section.

(iv) An employee shall receive additional training (or 

retraining) under any of the following conditions:

(A) If the supervision and annual inspections required 

by paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section indicate that 

the employee is not complying with the safety-related 

work practices required by this section, or

(a)(2); (b)(1); 

(d)(2)(vi) 

through (viii)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 75

Training Requirements

(B) If new technology, new types of equipment, or changes 

in procedures necessitate the use of safety-related 

work practices that are different from those which the 

employee would normally use, or

(C) If he or she must employ safety-related work practices 

that are not normally used during his or her regular 

job duties.

Note: OSHA would consider tasks that are performed 

less often than once per year to necessitate retraining 

before the performance of the work practices involved.

(v) The training required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section 

shall be of the classroom or on-the-job type.

(vi) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the 

work practices required by this section and shall introduce 

the procedures necessary for compliance with this section.

(vii) The employer shall certify that each employee has received 

the training required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section. This 

certification shall be made when the employee demonstrates 

proficiency in the work practices involved and shall be 

maintained for the duration of the employee’s employment.

Note: Employment records that indicate that an employee 

has received the required training are an acceptable means 

of meeting this requirement.

(b) Medical services and first aid. The employer shall provide medical 

services and first aid as required in Section 1910.151 of this part. In 

addition to the requirements of Section 1910.151 of this part, the 

following requirements also apply:

(1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first-aid training. When 

employees are performing work on or associated with exposed 

lines or equipment energized at 50 volts or more, persons trained 

in first-aid including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) shall 

be available as follows:

(i) For field work involving two or more employees at a work 

location, at least two trained persons shall be available. 

However, only one trained person need be available if all 

new employees are trained in first aid, including CPR, 

within 3 months of their hiring dates.
76 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(ii) For fixed work locations such as generating stations, the 

number of trained persons available shall be sufficient to 

ensure that each employee exposed to electric shock can 

be reached within 4 minutes by a trained person. However, 

where the existing number of employees is insufficient to 

meet this requirement (at a remote substation, for example), 

all employees at the work location shall be trained.

(d) Hazardous energy control (lockout/tagout) procedures 

(2) General.

(vi) The employer shall provide training to ensure that the 

purpose and function of the energy control program are 

understood by employees and that the knowledge and 

skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal 

of energy controls are acquired by employees. The training 

shall include the following:

(A) Each authorized employee shall receive training in the 

recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources, 

the type and magnitude of energy available in the 

workplace, and in the methods and means necessary 

for energy isolation and control.

(B) Each affected employee shall be instructed in the 

purpose and use of the energy control procedure.

(C) All other employees whose work operations are or 

may be in an area where energy control procedures 

may be used shall be instructed about the procedures 

and about the prohibition relating to attempts to 

restart or reenergize machines or equipment that are 

locked out or tagged out.

(vii) When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be 

trained in the limitation of tags.

(viii) Retraining shall be provided by the employer as follows:

(A) Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and 

affected employees whenever there is a change in their 

job assignments, a change in machines, equipment, or 

processes that present a new hazard or whenever there 

is a change in the energy control procedures.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 77

Training Requirements

(B) Retraining shall also be conducted whenever a 

periodic inspection under paragraph (d)(2)(v) 

of this section reveals, or whenever the employer 

has reason to believe, there are deviations from or 

inadequacies in an employee’s knowledge or use of 

the energy control procedures.

(C) The retraining shall reestablish employee proficiency 

and shall introduce new or revised control methods 

and procedures, as necessary.

1910.272 Grain handling facilities

(e) Training

(1) The employer shall provide training to employees at least 

annually and when changes in job assignment will expose them 

to new hazards. Current employees, and new employees prior to 

starting work, shall be trained in at least the following:

(i) General safety precautions associated with the facility, 

including recognition and preventive measures for the 

hazards related to dust accumulations and common 

ignition sources such as smoking; and

(ii) Specific procedures and safety practices applicable to their 

job tasks including but not limited to, cleaning procedures 

for grinding equipment, clearing procedures for choked 

legs, housekeeping procedures, hot work procedures, 

preventive maintenance procedures and lock-out/tag-out 

procedures.

(2) Employees assigned special tasks, such as bin entry and handling 

of flammable or toxic substances, shall be provided training to 

perform these tasks safely.

Note to paragraph (e)(2): Training for an employee who enters 

grain storage structures includes training about engulfment and 

mechanical hazards and how to avoid them.

(g) Entry into Bins, Silos, and Tanks

(5) The employee acting as observer shall be trained in rescue 

procedures, including notification methods for obtaining 

additional assistance.

(e)(1) and (2); 

(g)(5); (h); (i)(2)
78 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(h) Entry into flat storage structures. For the purposes of this paragraph 

(h), the term “grain” means raw and processed grain and grain products 

in facilities within the scope of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.

(i) Contractors

(2) The employer shall explain the applicable provisions of the 

emergency action plan to contractors.

Appendix A to 1910.272

3. Training 

It is important that employees be trained in the recognition and prevention of hazards 

associated with grain facilities, especially those hazards associated with their own work 

tasks. Employees should understand the factors which are necessary to produce a fire 

or explosion, i.e., fuel (such as grain dust), oxygen, ignition source, and (in the case of 

explosions) confinement. Employees should be made aware that any efforts they make to 

keep these factors from occurring simultaneously will be an important step in reducing 

the potential for fires and explosions. 

The standard provides flexibility for the employer to design a training program which 

fulfills the needs of a facility. The type, amount, and frequency of training will need 

to reflect the tasks that employees are expected to perform. Although training is to 

be provided to employees at least annually, it is recommended that safety meetings or 

discussions and drills be conducted at more frequent intervals. 

The training program should include those topics applicable to the particular facility, 

as well as topics such as: Hot work procedures; lock-out/tag-out procedures; bin entry 

procedures; bin cleaning procedures; grain dust explosions; fire prevention; procedures for 

handling “hot grain”; housekeeping procedures, including methods and frequency of dust 

removal; pesticide and fumigant usage; proper use and maintenance of personal protective 

equipment; and, preventive maintenance. The types of work clothing should also be 

considered in the program at least to caution against using polyester clothing that easily 

melts and increases the severity of burns, as compared to wool or fire retardant cotton. 

In implementing the training program, it is recommended that the employer utilize 

films, slide-tape presentations, pamphlets, and other information which can be obtained 

from such sources as the Grain Elevator and Processing Society, the Cooperative 

Extension Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kansas State University’s 

Extension Grain Science and Industry, and other state agriculture schools, industry 

associations, union organizations, and insurance groups.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 79

Training Requirements

Subpart S – Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices

1910.332 Training

(a) Scope. The training requirements contained in this section apply 

to employees who face a risk of electric shock that is not reduced to 

a safe level by the electrical installation requirements of 1910.303 

through 1910.308. 

Note: Employees in occupations listed in Table S-4 face such a risk 

and are required to be trained. Other employees who also may 

reasonably be expected to face comparable risk of injury due to 

electric shock or other electrical hazards must also be trained.

(b) Content of training

(1) Practices addressed in this standard. Employees shall be trained 

in and familiar with the safety-related work practices required by 

1910.331 through 1910.335 that pertain to their respective job 

assignments.

(2) Additional requirements for unqualified persons. Employees who 

are covered by paragraph (a) of this section but who are not 

qualified persons shall also be trained in and familiar with any 

electrically related safety practices not specifically addressed by 

1910.331 through 1910.335 but which are necessary for their 

safety.

(3) Additional requirements for qualified persons. Qualified persons 

(i.e., those permitted to work on or near exposed energized 

parts) shall, at a minimum, be trained in and familiar with the 

following:

(i) The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed 

live parts from other parts of electric equipment.

(ii) The skills and techniques necessary to determine the 

nominal voltage of exposed live parts, and

(iii) The clearance distances specified in 1910.333(c) and the 

corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will 

be exposed. 

Note 1: For the purposes of 1910.331 through 1910.335, a 

person must have the training required by paragraph (b)(3) 

of this section in order to be considered a qualified person. 

(a), (b) and (c)
80 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Note 2: Qualified persons whose work on energized 

equipment involves either direct contact or contact by 

means of tools or materials must also have the training 

needed to meet 1910.333(C)(2).

(c) Type of training. The training required by this section shall be of the 

classroom or on-the-job type. The degree of training provided shall be 

determined by the risk to the employee.

TABLE S-4 — Typical Occupational Categories of Employees

Facing a Higher Than Normal Risk of Electrical Accident

Occupation

Blue collar supervisors1 Material handling equipment operators1

Electrical and electronic engineers1 Mechanics and repairers1

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers1 Painters1

Electrical and electronic technicians1 Riggers and roustabouts1

Electricians Stationary engineers1

Industrial machine operators1 Welders

Footnote (1) Workers in these groups do not need to be trained if their work or the work of those they supervise does not bring 

them or the employees they supervise close enough to exposed parts of electric circuits operating at 50 volts or more to ground 

for a hazard to exist.

Subpart T – Commercial Diving Operations

1910.410 Qualifications of dive team

(a) Scope

(1) Each dive team member shall have the experience or training 

necessary to perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner.

(2) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in 

the following:

(i) The use of tools, equipment, and systems relevant to 

assigned tasks

(ii) Techniques of the assigned diving mode

(iii) Diving operations and emergency procedures

(a)(1) 

through (4); 

(b)(1); (c)(2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 81

Training Requirements

(3) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation and first aid (American Red Cross standard course 

or equivalent).

(4) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure 

of others to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in divingrelated physics and physiology.

(b) Application in emergencies 

(1) Each dive team member shall be assigned tasks in accordance 

with the employee’s experience or training, except that limited 

additional tasks may be assigned to an employee undergoing 

training provided that these tasks are performed under the direct 

supervision of an experienced dive team member.

(c) Employer obligation 

(2) The designated person-in-charge shall have experience and 

training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation.

Appendix C to Subpart T — Alternative conditions under 1910. 401 for 

recreational diving instructors and diving guides (mandatory)

10. Diver Training

The employer must ensure that each diver receives training that enables the diver to 

perform work safely and effectively while using open-circuit SCUBAs or rebreathers 

supplied with nitrox breathing-gas mixtures. Accordingly, each diver must be able to 

demonstrate the ability to perform critical tasks safely and effectively, including, but not 

limited to: recognizing the effects of breathing excessive CO2

 and O2; taking appropriate 

action after detecting excessive levels of CO2

 and O2; and properly evaluating, operating, 

and maintaining their diving equipment under the diving conditions they encounter.
82 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances

1910.1001 Asbestos

(j) Communication of hazards to employees 

(7) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is exposed to 

airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the PEL 

and/or excursion limit in accordance with the requirements 

of this section. The employer shall institute a training 

program and ensure employee participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial 

assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) The training program shall be conducted in a manner which 

the employee is able to understand. The employer shall 

ensure that each employee is informed of the following:

(A) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;

(B) The relationship between smoking and exposure;

(C) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, 

and storage of asbestos, and the specific nature of 

operations which could result in exposure to asbestos; 

(D) The engineering controls and work practices 

associated with the employee’s job assignment;

(E) The specific procedures implemented to protect 

employees from exposure to asbestos, such as 

appropriate work practices, emergency and clean-up 

procedures, and personal protective equipment to 

be used;

(F) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators 

and protective clothing, if appropriate;

(G) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (l) of 

this section

(H) The content of this standard, including appendices;

(I) The names, addresses and phone numbers of public 

health organizations which provide information, 

materials, and/or conduct programs concerning 

(j)(7) and (m)(4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 83

Training Requirements

smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the 

list of such organizations contained in Appendix I to 

this section, to comply with this requirement.

(J) The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels 

and the meaning of the required legends for such signs 

and labels.

(iv) The employer shall also provide, at no cost to employees who 

perform housekeeping operations in an area which contains 

ACM or PACM, an asbestos awareness training course, 

which shall at a minimum contain the following elements: 

health effects of asbestos, locations of ACM and PACM in 

the building/facility, recognition of ACM and PACM damage 

and deterioration, requirements in this standard relating to 

housekeeping, and proper response to fiber release episodes, 

to all employees who perform housekeeping work in areas 

where ACM and/or PACM is present. Each such employee 

shall be so trained at least once a year.

(v) Access to information and training materials

(A) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and 

its appendices readily available without cost to all 

affected employees.

(B) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training 

program to the Assistant Secretary and the training 

program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

(C) The employer shall inform all employees concerning 

the availability of self-help smoking cessation program 

material. Upon employee request, the employer shall 

distribute such material, consisting of NIH Publication 

No. 89-1647, or equivalent self-help material, which is 

approved or published by a public health organization 

listed in Appendix I to this section.

(m)Recordkeeping 

(4) Training. The employer shall maintain all employee training records 

for (1) year beyond the last date of employment of that employee.
84 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.) 

4-Nitrobiphenyl 1910.1003

Alpha-Napthylamine 1910.1004

Methyl Chloromethyl Ether 1910.1006

3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) 1910.1007

Bis-Chloromethyl Ether 1910.1008

Beta-Naphthylamine 1910.1009

Benzidine 1910.1010

4-Aminodiphenyl 1910.1011

Ethyleneimine 1910.1012

Beta-Propiolactone 1910.1013

2-Acetylaminofluorene 1910.1014

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene 1910.1015

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 1910.1016

(e) Communication of hazards 

(4) Training and indoctrination.

(i) Each employee prior to being authorized to enter a 

regulated area, shall receive a training and indoctrination 

program including, but not necessarily limited to:

(A) The nature of the carcinogenic hazards addressed by 

this section, including local and systemic toxicity;

(B) The specific nature of the operation involving a 

carcinogen addressed by this section that could result 

in exposure;

(C) The purpose for and application of the medical 

surveillance program, including, as appropriate, 

methods of self-examination;

(D) The purpose for and application of decontamination 

practices and purposes;

(E) The purpose for and significance of emergency practices 

and procedures;

(e)(4)(i) and (ii)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 85

Training Requirements

(F) The employee’s specific role in emergency procedures;

(G) Specific information to aid the employee in 

recognition and evaluation of conditions and 

situations which may result in the release of a 

carcinogen addressed by this section;

(H) The purpose for and application of specific first-aid 

procedures and practices;

(I) A review of this section at the employee’s first training 

and indoctrination program and annually thereafter.

(ii) Specific emergency procedures shall be prescribed, and 

posted, and employees shall be familiarized with their 

terms, and rehearsed in their application.

1910.1017 Vinyl chloride

(j) Training. Each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl 

chloride operations shall be provided training in a program relating to 

the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use.

(1) The program shall include:

(i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to 

vinyl chloride including specifically the carcinogenic hazard;

(ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in 

exposure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permissible limit 

and necessary protective steps;

(iii) The purpose for, proper use, and limitations of respiratory 

protective devices;

(iv) The fire hazard and acute toxicity of vinyl chloride, and the 

necessary protective steps;

(v) The purpose for and a description of the monitoring program;

(vi) The purpose for, and a description of, the medical 

surveillance program;

(vii) Emergency procedures;

(viii) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition 

of conditions which may result in the release of vinyl 

chloride; and

(ix) A review of this standard at the employee’s first training and 

indoctrination program, and annually thereafter.

(j)(1)(i) 

through (ix)
86 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

1910.1018 Inorganic arsenic

(o) Employee information and training 

(1) Training program.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is subject 

to exposure to inorganic arsenic above the action level 

without regard to respirator use, or for whom there is the 

possibility of skin or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic, 

in accordance with the requirements of this section. The 

employer shall institute a training program and ensure 

employee participation in the program.

(ii) The training program shall be provided by October 1, 1978, 

for employees covered by this provision, at the time of 

initial assignment for those subsequently covered by this 

provision, and at least annually for other covered employees 

thereafter; and the employer shall assure that each employee 

is informed of the following:

(A) The information contained in Appendix A;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, storage, sources 

of exposure, and the specific nature of operations 

which could result in exposure to inorganic arsenic as 

well as any necessary protective steps;

(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators;

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program as required by paragraph (n) of 

this section;

(E) The engineering controls and work practices 

associated with the employee’s job assignment; and

(F) A review of this standard.

(2) Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected 

employees a copy of this standard and its appendices.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

(o)(1) and (2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 87

Training Requirements

Appendix A to 1910.1018 — Inorganic arsenic substance information sheet

IX – Training and Notification

Additional information on all of these items plus training as to hazards of exposure to 

inorganic arsenic and the engineering and work practice controls associated with your 

job will also be provided by your employer. If you are exposed over the permissible 

exposure limit, your employer must inform you of that fact and the actions he is taking 

to reduce your exposures.

1910.1025 Lead

(l) Employee Information and Training 

(1) Training Program.

(i) Each employer who has a workplace in which there is 

a potential exposure to airborne lead at any level shall 

inform employees of the content of Appendices A and B 

of this regulation.

(ii) The employer shall train each employee who is subject to 

exposure to lead at or above the action level, or for whom 

the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists, in accordance 

with the requirements of this section. The employer 

shall institute a training program and ensure employee 

participation in the program.

(iii) The employer shall provide initial training by 180 days from 

the effective date for those employees covered by paragraph 

(l)(1)(ii) on the standard’s effective date and prior to 

the time of initial job assignment for those employees 

subsequently covered by this paragraph.

(iv) The training program shall be repeated at least annually for 

each employee.

(v) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of 

the following:

(A) The content of this standard and its appendices;

(B) The specific nature of the operations which could 

result in exposure to lead above the action level;

(C) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and 

limitations of respirators;

(l)(1) and (2); 

Appendix B
88 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program, and the medical removal 

protection program including information concerning 

the adverse health effects associated with excessive 

exposure to lead (with particular attention to the adverse 

reproductive effects on both males and females);

(E) The engineering controls and work practices 

associated with the employee’s job assignment;

(F) The contents of any compliance plan in effect; and

(G) Instructions to employees that chelating agents should 

not routinely be used to remove lead from their 

bodies and should not be used at all except under the 

direction of a licensed physician.

(2) Access to information and training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected 

employees a copy of this standard and its appendices.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

(iii) In addition to the information required by paragraph (l)(1)

(v), the employer shall include as part of the training program, 

and shall distribute to employees, any materials pertaining 

to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the regulations 

issued pursuant to that Act, and this lead standard, which are 

made available to the employer by the Assistant Secretary.

Appendix A to 1910.1025 — Substance Data Sheet for occupational 

exposure to lead

X. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING — PARAGRAPH (l) 

Your employer is required to provide an information and training program for all 

employees exposed to lead above the action level or who may suffer skin or eye irritation 

from lead. This program must inform these employees of the specific hazards associated 

with their work environment, protective measures which can be taken, the danger of 

lead to their bodies (including their reproductive systems), and their rights under the 

standard. In addition your employer must make readily available to all employees, 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 89

Training Requirements

including those exposed below the action level, a copy of the standard and its 

appendices and must distribute to all employees any materials provided to the employer 

by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 

Your employer is required to complete this training program for all employees by 

August 28, 1979. After this date, all new employees must be trained prior to initial 

assignment to areas where there is a possibility of exposure over the action level. 

This training program must also be provided at least annually thereafter.

1910.1026 Chromium (VI)

(l) Communication of chromium (VI) hazards to employees

(1) Hazard communication — general. 

(iii) Employers shall include chromium (VI) in the hazard 

communication program established to comply with the 

HCS (1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee 

has access to labels on containers of chromium (VI) and 

to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the 

requirements of HCS and paragraph (l)(2) of this section.

(2) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each employee can 

demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

(A) The contents of this section; and

(B) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (k) of 

this section.

(ii) The employer shall make a copy of this section readily 

available without cost to all affected employees.

Appendix A to 1910.1026 — Chromium (VI)

5. Employee information and training. Company employees will be trained pursuant 

to the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.1026(l)(2). In addition, the Companies agree to 

train employees in the provisions of this Agreement within sixty (60) days of the 

Opt-In Date (defined in paragraph 7 of this Agreement). The training regarding this 

Agreement shall be provided in language the employees can understand.

(l)(1)(iii); 

(2)(i) and (ii); 

Appendix A
90 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1910.1027 Cadmium

(m) Communication of cadmium hazards to employees 

(4) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is potentially 

exposed to cadmium in accordance with the requirements 

of this section. The employer shall institute a training 

program, ensure employee participation in the program, 

and maintain a record of the contents of such program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of 

initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to 

cadmium and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) The employer shall make the training program 

understandable to the employee and shall assure that each 

employee is informed of the following:

(A) The health hazards associated with cadmium 

exposure, with special attention to the information 

incorporated in Appendix A to this section;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and 

storage of cadmium in the workplace and the specific 

nature of operations that could result in exposure to 

cadmium, especially exposures above the PEL;

(C) The engineering controls and work practices 

associated with the employee’s job assignment;

(D) The measures employees can take to protect 

themselves from exposure to cadmium, including 

modification of such habits as smoking and personal 

hygiene, and specific procedures the employer has 

implemented to protect employees from exposure 

to cadmium such as appropriate work practices, 

emergency procedures, and the provision of personal 

protective equipment;

(E) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, proper use, and 

limitations of respirators and protective clothing;

(m)(4)
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Training Requirements

(F) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (l) of 

this standard;

(G) The contents of this section and its appendices; and 

(H) The employee’s rights of access to records under 

1910.1020(e) and (g).

(iv) Additional access to information and training program 

and materials.

(A) The employer shall make a copy of this section and its 

appendices readily available without cost to all affected 

employees and shall provide a copy if requested.

(B) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary 

or the Director, upon request, all materials relating to 

the employee information and the training program.

1910.1028 Benzene

(j) Communication of benzene hazards to employees 

(3) Information and training.

(i) The employer shall provide employees with information 

and training at the time of their initial assignment to a work 

area where benzene is present. If exposures are above the 

action level, employees shall be provided with information 

and training at least annually thereafter.

(ii) The training program shall be in accordance with the 

requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and (2), and shall 

include specific information on benzene for each category 

of information included in that section.

(iii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 

1910.1200, the employer shall:

(A) Provide employees with an explanation of the contents 

of this section, including Appendices A and B, and 

indicate to them where the standard is available; and,

(B) Describe the medical surveillance program required 

under paragraph (i) of this section, and explain the 

information contained in Appendix C.

(j)(3)
92 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1910.1029 Coke oven emissions

(k) Employee information and training 

(1) Training program.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is employed in 

a regulated area in accordance with the requirements of this 

section. The employer shall institute a training program and 

ensure employee participation in the program.

(ii) The training program shall be provided as of January 27, 

1977 for employees who are employed in the regulated 

area at that time or at the time of initial assignment to a 

regulated area.

(iii) The training program shall be provided at least annually 

for all employees who are employed in the regulated area, 

except that training regarding the occupational safety 

and health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven 

emissions and the purpose, proper use, and limitations 

of respiratory protective devices shall be provided at least 

quarterly until January 20, 1978.

(iv) The training program shall include informing each 

employee of:

(a) The information contained in the substance information 

sheet for coke oven emissions (Appendix A);

(b) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory 

protective devices required in accordance with 

paragraph (g) of this section;

(c) The purpose for and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (j) of this 

section including information on the occupational 

safety and health hazards associated with exposure to 

coke oven emissions;

(d) A review of all written procedures and schedules 

required under paragraph (f) of this section; and

(e) A review of this standard.

(k) (1)and(2); 

Appendix A
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 93

Training Requirements

(2) Access to training materials

(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its 

appendices readily available to all employees who are 

employed in the regulated area.

(ii) The employer shall provide upon request all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to the Secretary and the Director.

Appendix A – Coke Oven Emissions Substance Information Sheet

IX. TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Additional information on all of these items plus training as to hazards of coke oven 

emissions and the engineering and work practice controls associated with your job will 

also be provided by your employer.

1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens

(g) Communication of hazards to employees 

(2) Information and Training. 

(i) The employer shall train each employee with occupational 

exposure in accordance with the requirements of this 

section. Such training must be provided at no cost to 

the employee and during working hours. The employer 

shall institute a training program and ensure employee 

participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided as follows:

(A) At the time of initial assignment to tasks where 

occupational exposure may take place;

(B) At least annually thereafter.

(iii) reserved

(iv) Annual training for all employees shall be provided within 

one year of their previous training.

(v) Employers shall provide additional training when changes 

such as modification of tasks or procedures or institution of 

new tasks or procedures affect the employee’s occupational 

exposure. The additional training may be limited to 

addressing the new exposures created.

(g)(2); (h)(2) 

and (3)
94 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(vi) Material appropriate in content and vocabulary to educational 

level, literacy, and language of employees shall be used.

(vii) The training program shall contain at a minimum the 

following elements:

(A) An accessible copy of the regulatory text of this 

standard and an explanation of its contents;

(B) A general explanation of the epidemiology and 

symptoms of bloodborne diseases;

(C) An explanation of the modes of transmission of 

bloodborne pathogens;

(D) An explanation of the employer’s exposure control 

plan and the means by which the employee can obtain 

a copy of the written plan;

(E) An explanation of the appropriate methods for 

recognizing tasks and other activities that may 

involve exposure to blood and other potentially 

infectious materials;

(F) An explanation of the use and limitations of methods 

that will prevent or reduce exposure including 

appropriate engineering controls, work practices, and 

personal protective equipment;

(G) Information on the types, proper use, location, 

removal, handling, decontamination and disposal of 

personal protective equipment;

(H) An explanation of the basis for selection of personal 

protective equipment;

(I) Information on the hepatitis B vaccine, including 

information on its efficacy, safety, method of 

administration, the benefits of being vaccinated, and that 

the vaccine and vaccination will be offered free of charge;

(J) Information on the appropriate actions to take and 

persons to contact in an emergency involving blood or 

other potentially infectious materials;

(K) An explanation of the procedures to follow if an 

exposure incident occurs, including the method of 

reporting the incident and the medical follow-up that 

will be made available;
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 95

Training Requirements

(L) Information on the post exposure evaluation and 

follow-up that the employer is required to provide for 

the employee following an exposure incident;

(M) An explanation of the signs and labels and/or color 

coding required by paragraph (g)(1); and

(N) An opportunity for interactive questions and answers 

with the person conducting the training session.

(viii)The person conducting the training shall be knowledgeable 

in the subject matter covered by the elements contained in 

the training program as it relates to the workplace that the 

training will address.

(ix) Additional initial training for employees in HIV and HBV 

laboratories and production facilities. Employees in HIV 

or HBV research laboratories and HIV or HBV production 

facilities shall receive the following initial training in 

addition to the above training requirements:

(A) The employer shall assure that employees demonstrate 

proficiency in standard microbiological practices and 

techniques and in the practices and operations specific 

to the facility before being allowed to work with HIV 

or HBV.

(B) The employer shall assure that employees have prior 

experience in the handling of human pathogens or 

tissue cultures before working with HIV or HBV.

(C) The employer shall provide a training program 

to employees who have no prior experience in 

handling human pathogens. Initial work activities 

shall not include the handling of infectious agents. 

A progression of work activities shall be assigned as 

techniques are learned and proficiency is developed. 

The employer shall assure that employees participate 

in work activities involving infectious agents only after 

proficiency has been demonstrated.

(h) Recordkeeping 

(2) Training records.

(i) Training records shall include the following information:

(A) The dates of the training sessions;

(B) The contents or a summary of the training sessions;
96 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(C) The names and qualifications of persons conducting 

the training; and

(D) The names and job titles of all persons attending the 

training sessions.

(ii) Training records shall be maintained for 3 years from the 

date on which the training occurred.

(3) Availability.

(i) The employer shall ensure that all records required to be 

maintained by this section shall be made available upon 

request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for 

examination and copying.

(ii) Employee training records required by this paragraph shall 

be provided upon request for examination and copying to 

employees, to employee representatives, to the Director, and 

to the Assistant Secretary.

1910.1043 Cotton dust 

(i) Employee education and training 

(1) Training program. 

(i) The employer shall train each employee exposed to cotton 

dust in accordance with the requirements of this section. 

The employer shall institute a training program and ensure 

employee participation in the program.

(A) The acute and long term health hazards associated 

with exposure to cotton dust;

(B) The names and descriptions of jobs and processes 

which could result in exposure to cotton dust at or 

above the permissible exposure levels; 

(C) The measures, including work practices required by 

paragraph (g) of this section, necessary to protect the 

employee from exposures in excess of the permissible 

exposure limit;

(D) The purpose, proper use and limitations of respirators 

required by paragraph (f) of this section;

(i)(1) and (2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 97

Training Requirements

(E) The purpose for and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (h) of this 

section and other information which will aid exposed 

employees in understanding the hazards of cotton 

dust exposure; and

(F) The contents of the standard and its appendices.

(ii) The training program shall be provided prior to initial 

assignment and shall be repeated annually for each 

employee exposed to cotton dust, when job assignments or 

work processes change, and when employee performance 

indicates a need for retraining.

(2) Access to training materials. 

(i) Each employer shall post a copy of this section with its 

appendices in a public location at the workplace, and shall, 

upon request, make copies available to employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide all materials relating to the 

employee training and information program to the 

Assistant Secretary and the Director upon request.

1910.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane

(n) Employee information and training 

(1) Training program. 

(i) The employer shall train each employee who may be 

exposed to DBCP in accordance with the requirements of 

this section. The employer shall institute a training program 

and ensure employee participation in the program.

(ii) The employer shall assure that each employee is informed 

of the following: 

(a) The information contained in Appendix A;

(b) The quantity, location, manner of use, release or 

storage of DBCP and the specific nature of operations 

which could result in exposure to DBCP as well as any 

necessary protective steps;

(c) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators;

(d) The purpose and description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (m) of 

this section; and

(e) A review of this standard, including appendices.

(n)(1) and (2)
98 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(2) Access to training materials. 

(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its 

appendices readily available to all affected employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

1910.1045 Acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide)

(o) Employee Information and Training 

(1) Training program. 

(i) The employer shall train each employee exposed to AN 

above the action level, each employee whose exposures 

are maintained below the action level by engineering and 

work practice controls, and each employee subject to 

potential skin or eye contact with liquid AN in accordance 

with the requirements of this section. The employer 

shall institute a training program and ensure employee 

participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided at the time of initial assignment, 

or upon institution of the training program, and at least 

annually thereafter, and the employer shall assure that each 

employee is informed of the following:

(A) The information contained in Appendices A and B; 

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, or 

storage of AN, and the specific nature of operations 

which could result in exposure to AN, as well as any 

necessary protective steps;

(C) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators 

and protective clothing;

(D) The purpose and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by paragraph (n) of 

this section;

(E) The emergency procedures developed, as required by 

paragraph (i) of this section;

(F) Engineering and work practice controls, their 

function, and the employee’s relationship to these 

controls; and

(G) A review of this standard.

(o)(1) and (2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 99

Training Requirements

(2) Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its 

appendices readily available to all affected employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

1910.1047 Ethylene oxide

(j) Communication of hazards 

(3) Information and training. 

(i) The employer shall provide employees who are potentially 

exposed to EtO at or above the action level or above the 

excursion limit with information and training on EtO at the 

time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(ii) Employees shall be informed of the following:

(A) The requirements of this section with an explanation 

of its contents, including Appendices A and B;

(B) Any operations in their work area where EtO is present;

(C) The location and availability of the written EtO final 

rule; and

(D) The medical surveillance program required by 

paragraph (i) of this section with an explanation of the 

information in Appendix C.

(iii) Employer training shall include at least:

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect 

the presence or release of EtO in the work area (such 

as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous 

monitoring devices, etc.);

(B) The physical and health hazards of EtO;

(C) The measures employees can take to protect 

themselves from hazards associated with EtO 

exposure, including specific procedures the employer 

has implemented to protect employees from exposure 

to EtO, such as work practices, emergency procedures, 

and personal protective equipment to be used; and

(D) The details of the hazard communication program 

developed by the employer, including an explanation 

of the labeling system and how employees can obtain 

and use the appropriate hazard information.

(j)(3)
100 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1910.1048 Formaldehyde

(n) Employee Information and Training 

(1) Participation. The employer shall assure that all employees 

who are assigned to workplaces where there is exposure to 

formaldehyde participate in a training program, except where the 

employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not 

exposed to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm, the employer is 

not required to provide training.

(2) Frequency. Employers shall provide such information and 

training to employees at the time of initial assignment, and 

whenever a new exposure to formaldehyde is introduced into the 

work. The training shall be repeated at least annually.

(3) Training program. The training program shall be conducted in a 

manner which the employee is able to understand and shall include:

(i) A discussion of the contents of this regulation and the 

contents of the Material Safety Data Sheet.

(ii) The purpose for and a description of the medical 

surveillance program required by this standard, including:

(A) A description of the potential health hazards 

associated with exposure to formaldehyde and a 

description of the signs and symptoms of exposure to 

formaldehyde.

(B) instructions to immediately report to the employer 

the development of any adverse signs or symptoms 

that the employee suspects is attributable to 

formaldehyde exposure.

(iii) Description of operations in the work area where 

formaldehyde is present and an explanation of the safe work 

practices appropriate for limiting exposure to formaldehyde 

in each job;

(iv) The purpose for, proper use of, and limitations of personal 

protective clothing and equipment;

(v) Instructions for the handling of spills, emergencies, and 

clean-up procedures;

(vi) An explanation of the importance of engineering and work 

practice controls for employee protection and any necessary 

instruction in the use of these controls; and

(n)(1) through (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 101

Training Requirements

(vii) A review of emergency procedures including the specific 

duties or assignments of each employee in the event of an 

emergency.

(4) Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall inform all affected employees of the 

location of written training materials and shall make these 

materials readily available, without cost, to the affected 

employees.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all training 

materials relating to the employee training program to the 

Assistant Secretary and the Director.

1910.1050 Methylenedianiline

(k) Communication of hazards 

(3) Information and training. 

(i) The employer shall provide employees with information 

and training on MDA in accordance with 29 CFR 

1910.1200(h) at the time of initial assignment and at least 

annually thereafter.

(ii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 

1910.1200 the employer shall:

(A) Provide an explanation of the contents of this section, 

including Appendices A and B, and indicate to 

employees where a copy of the standard is available;

(B) Describe the medical surveillance program required 

under paragraph (m) of this section, and explain the 

information contained in Appendix C; and

(C) Describe the medical removal provision required 

under paragraph (m) of this section.

(4) Access to training materials. 

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected 

employees, without cost, all written materials relating to 

the employee training program, including a copy of this 

regulation.

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary of 

Labor and the Director, upon request, all information and 

training materials relating to the employee information and 

training program.

(k)(3) and (4)
102 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene

(l) Communication of BD hazards to employees 

(2) Employee information and training. 

(i) The employer shall provide all employees exposed to BD 

with information and training in accordance with the 

requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 

CFR 1910.1200, 29 CFR 1915.1200, and 29 CFR 1926.59.

(ii) The employer shall train each employee who is potentially 

exposed to BD at or above the action level or the STEL 

in accordance with the requirements of this section. 

The employer shall institute a training program, ensure 

employee participation in the program, and maintain a 

record of the contents of such program.

(iii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of 

initial assignment to a job potentially involving exposure 

to BD at or above the action level or STEL and at least 

annually thereafter.

(iv) The training program shall be conducted in a manner that 

the employee is able to understand. The employer shall 

ensure that each employee exposed to BD over the action 

level or STEL is informed of the following:

(A) The health hazards associated with BD exposure, 

and the purpose and a description of the medical 

screening and surveillance program required by 

this section;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and 

storage of BD and the specific operations that could 

result in exposure to BD, especially exposures above 

the PEL or STEL;

(C) The engineering controls and work practices associated 

with the employee’s job assignment, and emergency 

procedures and personal protective equipment;

(D) The measures employees can take to protect 

themselves from exposure to BD;

(E) The contents of this standard and its appendices; and

(F) The right of each employee exposed to BD at or above 

the action level or STEL to obtain:

(l)(2) and (3)
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Training Requirements

(1) medical examinations as required by paragraph 

(j) of this section at no cost to the employee;

(2) the employee’s medical records required to 

be maintained by paragraph (m)(4) of this 

section; and

(3) all air monitoring results representing the 

employee’s exposure to BD and required to be 

kept by paragraph (m)(2) of this section.

(3) Access to information and training materials.

(i) The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its 

appendices readily available without cost to all affected 

employees and their designated representatives and shall 

provide a copy if requested.

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary or the 

Director, or the designated employee representatives, upon 

request, all materials relating to the employee information 

and the training program.

1910.1052 Methylene chloride

(l) Employee information and training 

(1) The employer shall provide information and training for each 

affected employee prior to or at the time of initial assignment to a 

job involving potential exposure to MC.

(2) The employer shall ensure that information and training is 

presented in a manner that is understandable to the employees.

(3) In addition to the information required under the Hazard 

Communication Standard at 29 CFR 1910.1200, 29 CFR 

1915.1200, or 29 CFR 1926.59, as appropriate:

(i) The employer shall inform each affected employee of the 

requirements of this section and information available in its 

appendices, as well as how to access or obtain a copy of it in 

the workplace;

(ii) Wherever an employee’s exposure to airborne concentrations 

of MC exceeds or can reasonably be expected to exceed the 

action level, the employer shall inform each affected employee 

of the quantity, location, manner of use, release, and storage 

of MC and the specific operations in the workplace that could 

result in exposure to MC, particularly noting where exposures 

may be above the 8-hour TWA PEL or STEL.

(l)(1) through (8)
104 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(4) The employer shall train each affected employee as required 

under the Hazard Communication standard at 29 CFR 

1910.1200, 29 CFR 1915.1200, or 29 CFR 1926.59, as appropriate.

(5) The employer shall re-train each affected employee as necessary 

to ensure that each employee exposed above the action level or 

the STEL maintains the requisite understanding of the principles 

of safe use and handling of MC in the workplace.

(6) Whenever there are workplace changes, such as modifications of 

tasks or procedures or the institution of new tasks or procedures, 

which increase employee exposure, and where those exposures 

exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed the action level, 

the employer shall update the training as necessary to ensure that 

each affected employee has the requisite proficiency.

(7) An employer whose employees are exposed to MC at a multiemployer worksite shall notify the other employers with work 

operations at that site in accordance with the requirements of the 

Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, 29 CFR 

1915.1200, or 29 CFR 1926.59, as appropriate.

(8) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary or the 

Director, upon request, all available materials relating to 

employee information and training.

1910.1096 Ionizing radiation 

(f) Immediate evacuation warning signal 

(3) Testing. 

(viii)All employees whose work may necessitate their presence 

in an area covered by the signal shall be made familiar 

with the actual sound of the signal — preferably as it 

sounds at their work location. Before placing the system 

into operation, all employees normally working in the 

area shall be made acquainted with the signal by actual 

demonstration at their work locations.

(i) Instruction of personnel, posting 

(2) All individuals working in or frequenting any portion of a 

radiation area shall be informed of the occurrence of radioactive 

materials or of radiation in such portions of the radiation area; 

shall be instructed in the safety problems associated with exposure 

to such materials or radiation and in precautions or devices to 

minimize exposure; shall be instructed in the applicable provisions 

(f)(3)(viii);

and (i)(2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 105

Training Requirements

of this section for the protection of employees from exposure to 

radiation or radioactive materials; and shall be advised of reports 

of radiation exposure which employees must request pursuant to 

the regulations in this section.

1910.1200 Hazard Communication

(h) Employee information and training 

(1) Employers shall provide employees with effective information 

and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the 

time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new chemical 

hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is 

introduced into their work area. Information and training may 

be designed to cover categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, 

carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemical-specific 

information must always be available through labels and material 

safety data sheets.

(2) Information. Employees shall be informed of:

(i) The requirements of this section;

(ii) Any operations in their work area where hazardous 

chemicals are present; and, 

(iii) The location and availability of the written hazard 

communication program, including the required list(s) 

of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets 

required by this section.

(3) Training. Employee training shall include at least:

(i) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the 

presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work 

area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, 

continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor 

of hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.);

(ii) The physical, health, simple asphyxiation, combustible 

dust, and pyrophoric gas hazards, as well as hazards not 

otherwise classified, of the chemicals in the work area;

(iii) The measures employees can take to protect themselves 

from these hazards, including specific procedures the 

employer has implemented to protect employees from 

exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work 

practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective 

equipment to be used; and,

(h)(1) through (3)
106 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(iv) The details of the hazard communication program developed 

by the employer, including an explanation of the labels 

received on shipped containers and the workplace labeling 

system used by their employer and the material safety data 

sheet, including the order of information and how employees 

can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information.

1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories

(f) Employee information and training

(1) The employer shall provide employees with information and 

training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of 

chemicals present in their work area.

(2) Such information shall be provided at the time of an employee’s 

initial assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals 

are present and prior to assignments involving new exposure 

situations. The frequency of refresher information and training 

shall be determined by the employer.

(3) Information. Employees shall be informed of:

(i) The contents of this standard and its appendices which shall 

be made available to employees;

(ii) The location and availability of the employer’s Chemical 

Hygiene Plan;

(iii) The permissible exposure limits for OSHA regulated 

substances or recommended exposure limits for 

other hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable 

OSHA standard;

(iv) Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to 

hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory; and

(v) The location and availability of known reference material on 

the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous 

chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited 

to, safety data sheets received from the chemical supplier.

(4) Training.

(i) Employee training shall include:

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect 

the presence or release of a hazardous chemical (such 

as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous 

monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of 

hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.);

(f)(1) through (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 107

Training Requirements

(B) The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the 

work area; and

(C) The measures employees can take to protect themselves 

from these hazards, including specific procedures the 

employer has implemented to protect employees from 

exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate 

work practices, emergency procedures, and personal 

protective equipment to be used.

(ii) The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of 

the employer’s written Chemical Hygiene Plan.

Appendix A to 1910.1450 — National Research Council Recommendations 

Concerning Chemical Hygiene in Laboratories (Non-Mandatory)

Forward

As guidance for each employer’s development of an appropriate laboratory Chemical 

Hygiene Plan, the following non-mandatory recommendations are provided. They were 

extracted from “Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories” 

(referred to below as “Prudent Practices”), which was published in 1981 by the National 

Research Council and is available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution 

Ave., NW, Washington DC 20418.

(References to page numbers in “Prudent Practices” are given in parentheses).

Components of the Chemical Hygiene Plan — Information and Training 

Program (D)(10)

(a) Aim: To assure that all individuals at risk are adequately informed about the work in 

the laboratory, its risks, and what to do if an accident occurs (5, 15).

(b) Emergency and Personal Protection Training: Every laboratory worker should know 

the location and proper use of available protective apparel and equipment (154, 169).

Some of the full-time personnel of the laboratory should be trained in the proper use of 

emergency equipment and procedures (6). Such training as well as first aid instruction 

should be available to (154) and encouraged for (176) everyone who might need it.
108 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

General Industry

(c) Receiving and stockroom/storeroom personnel should know about hazards, 

handling equipment, protective apparel, and relevant regulations (217).

(d) Frequency of Training: The training and education program should be a regular, 

continuing activity — not simply an annual presentation (15).

(e) Literature/Consultation: Literature and consulting advice concerning chemical 

hygiene should be readily available to laboratory personnel, who should be 

encouraged to use these information resources (14).
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 109

Maritime

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29 Code of 

Federal Regulations Parts 1915 (Shipyard Employment), 1917 (Marine Terminals), 

and 1918 (Longshoring).*

29 CFR PART 1915 – SHIPYARD EMPLOYMENT

Subpart A – General Provisions

1915.6 Commercial diving operations

Commercial diving operations shall be subject to Subpart T of Part 1910, 

1910.401-1910.441 of this chapter.

1915.7 Competent person

(b) Designation.

(1) One or more competent persons shall be designated by the 

employer in accordance with the applicable requirements of this 

section, unless the requirements of subparts B, C, D, and H of this 

part are always carried out by a Marine Chemist. Exception: The 

employer may designate any person who meets the applicable 

* Note that in addition to these requirements, Part 1910, relating to general industry, also contains applicable training standards.

(b) and (c)
110 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

portions of the criteria set forth in paragraph (c) of this section as 

a competent person who is limited to performing testing to the 

following situations:

(i) Repair work on small craft in boatyards where only 

combustible gas indicator tests are required for fuel tank 

leaks or when using flammable paints below decks;

(ii) Building of wooden vessels where only knowledge of 

the precautions to be taken when using flammable paints 

is required;

(iii) The breaking of vessels where there is no fuel oil or other 

flammable hazard; and

(iv) Tests and inspections performed to comply with Section 

1915.35(b)(8) and 1915.36(a)(5).

(2) (i) The employer shall maintain either a roster of designated 

competent persons or a statement that a Marine Chemist 

will perform the tests or inspections which require a 

competent person.

(ii) The employer shall make the roster of designated persons 

or the statement available to employees, the employee’s 

representative, the Director or the Assistant Secretary 

upon request.

(iii) The roster shall contain, at a minimum, the following:

(A) The employer’s name,

(B) The designated competent person’s name(s), and

(C) The date the employee was trained as a competent person.

(c) Criteria. The employer shall ensure that each designated competent 

person has the following skills and knowledge:

(1) Ability to understand and carry out written or oral information 

or instructions left by Marine Chemist, Coast Guard authorized 

persons, and Certified Industrial Hygienists;

(2) Knowledge of subparts B, C, D, and H of this part;

(3) Knowledge of the structure, location, and designation of spaces 

where work is done;

(4) Ability to calibrate and use testing equipment including, but not 

limited to, oxygen indicators, combustible gas indicators, carbon 

monoxide indicators, and carbon dioxide indicators, and to 

interpret accurately the test results of that equipment;
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 111

Training Requirements

(5) Ability to perform all required tests and inspections which are or 

may be performed by a competent person as set forth in subparts 

B, C, D, and H of this part;

(6) Ability to inspect, test and evaluate spaces to determine the need 

for further testing by a Marine Chemist or a Certified Industrial 

Hygienist; and

(7) Ability to maintain records required by this section.

1915.9 Compliance duties owed to each employee

(b) Training. Standards in this part requiring training on hazards and 

related matters, such as standards requiring that employees receive 

training or that the employer train employees, provide training to 

employees, or institute or implement a training program, impose a 

separate compliance duty with respect to each employee covered by 

the requirement. The employer must train each affected employee 

in the manner required by the standard, and each failure to train an 

employee may be considered a separate violation.

Subpart B – Confined and Enclosed Spaces and Other 

Dangerous Atmospheres in Shipyard Employment

1915.12 Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined 

and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres

(a) Oxygen content 

(1) The employer shall ensure that the following spaces are visually 

inspected and tested by a competent person to determine the 

atmosphere’s oxygen content prior to initial entry into the space 

by an employee:

(i) Spaces that have been sealed, such as, but not limited to, 

spaces that have been coated and closed up, and nonventilated spaces that have been freshly painted;

(ii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain or have contained 

combustible or flammable liquids or gases;

(iii) Spaces and adjacent spaces that contain or have contained 

liquids, gases, or solids that are toxic, corrosive, or irritant;

(iv) Spaces and adjacent spaces that have been fumigated; and

(a)(1); (b)(1); (d)

(1) through (5); 

(e)(1)(i)(ii) and 

(iv) and (e)(2)
112 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

(v) Spaces containing materials or residues of materials that 

create an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

(b) Flammable atmospheres 

(1) The employer shall ensure that spaces and adjacent spaces that 

contain or have contained combustible or flammable liquids or 

gases are:

(i) Inspected visually by a competent person to determine the 

presence of combustible or flammable liquids; and,

(ii) Tested by a competent person prior to entry by an employee 

to determine the concentration of flammable vapors and 

gases within the space.

(d) Training of employees entering confined and enclosed spaces or 

other dangerous atmospheres

(1) The employer shall ensure that each employee that enters a 

confined or enclosed space and other areas with dangerous 

atmospheres is trained to perform all required duties safely.

(2) The employer shall ensure that each employee who enters a 

confined space, enclosed space, or other areas with dangerous 

atmospheres is trained to:

(i) Recognize the characteristics of the confined space;

(ii) Anticipate and be aware of the hazards that may be faced 

during entry;

(iii) Recognize the adverse health effects that may be caused by 

the exposure to a hazard;

(iv) Understand the physical signs and reactions related to 

exposures to such hazards;

(v) Know what personal protective equipment is needed for 

safe entry into and exit from the space;

(vi) Use personal protective equipment; and

(vii) Where necessary, be aware of the presence and proper use of 

barriers that may be needed to protect an entrant from hazards.

(3) The employer shall ensure that each entrant into confined or 

enclosed spaces or other dangerous atmospheres is trained to exit 

the space or dangerous atmosphere whenever:

(i) The employer or a representative orders evacuation;

(ii) An evacuation signal such as an alarm is activated; or

(iii) The entrant perceives that he or she is in danger.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 113

Training Requirements

(4) The employer shall provide each employee with training:

(i) Before the entrant begins work addressed by this section; and

(ii) Whenever there is a change in operations or in an 

employee’s duties that present a hazard about which the 

employee has not previously been trained.

(5) The employer shall certify that the training required by paragraphs 

(d)(1) through (d)(4) of this section has been accomplished.

(i) The certification shall contain the employee’s name, the 

name of the certifier, and the date(s) of the certification.

(ii) The certification shall be available for inspection by the Assistant 

Secretary, the Director, employees, and their representatives.

(e) Rescue teams

(1) The employer shall either establish a shipyard rescue team or 

arrange for an outside rescue team which will respond promptly 

to a request for rescue service.

(i) Each employee assigned to the shipyard team shall be provided 

with and trained to use the personal protective equipment 

he or she will need, including respirators and any rescue 

equipment necessary for making rescues from confined and 

enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres.

(ii) Each employee assigned to the shipyard rescue team shall 

be trained to perform his or her rescue functions including 

confined and enclosed and other dangerous atmosphere entry.

(iv) At least one person on each rescue team shall maintain current 

certification in basic first aid which includes maintenance of 

an airway, control of bleeding, maintenance of circulation and 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills.

(2) The employer shall inform outside rescue teams of the hazards that the 

team may encounter when called to perform confined and enclosed 

space or other dangerous atmosphere rescue at the employer’s 

facility so that the rescue team can be trained and equipped.

1915.13 Cleaning and other cold work

(b) Requirements for performing cleaning or cold work

(2) Testing shall be conducted by a competent person to determine 

the concentration of flammable, combustible, toxic, corrosive, 

or irritant vapors within the space prior to the beginning of 

cleaning or cold work.

(b)(2) and (4)
114 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

(4) Testing shall be conducted by a competent person as often 

as necessary during cleaning or cold work to assure that air 

concentrations are below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit 

and within the PELs and below IDLH levels. Factors such as, but 

not limited to, temperature, volatility of the residues, and other 

existing conditions in and about the spaces are to be considered 

in determining the frequency of testing necessary to assure a 

safe atmosphere.

1915.14 Hot work

(b) Hot work requiring testing by a competent person 

(1) Hot work is not permitted in or on the following spaces or 

adjacent spaces or other dangerous atmospheres until they have 

been tested by a competent person and determined to contain 

no concentrations of flammable vapors equal to or greater than 

10 percent of the lower explosive limit:

(i) Dry cargo holds,

(ii) The bilges,

(iii) The engine room and boiler spaces for which a Marine 

Chemist or a Coast Guard authorized person certificate is 

not required under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section,

(iv) Vessels and vessel sections for which a Marine Chemist or 

Coast Guard authorized person certificate is not required 

under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, and

(v) Land-side confined and enclosed spaces or other dangerous 

atmospheres not covered by paragraph (a)(1) of this section.

1915.15 Maintenance of safe conditions

(c) Tests to maintain the conditions of a Marine Chemist’s or Coast 

Guard authorized person’s certificates. A competent person shall 

visually inspect and test each space certified as “Safe for Workers” or 

“Safe for Hot Work,” as often as necessary to ensure that atmospheric 

conditions within that space is maintained within the conditions 

established by the certificate after the certificate has been issued.

(b)(1)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 115

Training Requirements

Subpart C – Surface Preparation and Preservation

1915.35 Painting 

(b) Paints and tank coatings dissolved in highly volatile, toxic and 

flammable solvents. Several organic coatings, adhesives and resins 

are dissolved in highly toxic, flammable and explosive solvents 

with flash points below 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Work involving 

such materials shall be done only when all of the following special 

precautions have been taken:

(1) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall be provided to keep the 

concentration of solvent vapors below 10 percent of the lower 

explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent 

person to ascertain the concentration.

(8) A competent person shall inspect all power lighting cables to 

ensure that the insulation is in excellent condition, free of all 

cracks and worn spots, that there are no connections within 50 

feet (15.2 meters) of the operation, that lines are not overloaded, 

and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent 

undue stress or chafing.

1915.36 Flammable liquids

(a) In all cases when liquid solvents, paint and preservative removers, 

paints or vehicles, other than those covered by 1915.35(b), are capable 

of producing a flammable atmosphere under the conditions of use, 

the following precautions shall be taken:

(2) Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the 

concentration of vapors below 10 percent of their lower explosive 

limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to 

ascertain the concentration.

(5) A competent person shall inspect all power and lighting cables 

to ensure that the insulation is in excellent condition, free of all 

cracks and worn spots, that there are no connections within 50 

feet (15.2 meters) of the operation, that lines are not overloaded, 

and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent 

undue stress or chafing.

(b)(1) and (8)

(a)(2) and (5)
116 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

Subpart D – Welding, Cutting and Heating

1915.53 Welding, cutting and heating in way of preservative coatings

(b) Before welding, cutting or heating is commenced on any surface 

covered by a preservative coating whose flammability is not 

known, a test shall be made by a competent person to determine its 

flammability. Preservative coatings shall be considered to be highly 

flammable when scrapings burn with extreme rapidity.

(e) Before welding, cutting or heating is commenced in enclosed spaces 

on metals covered by soft and greasy preservatives, the following 

precautions shall be taken:

(1) A competent person shall test the atmosphere in the space to 

ensure that it does not contain explosive vapors, since there is 

a possibility that some soft and greasy preservatives may have 

flash points below temperatures which may be expected to occur 

naturally. If such vapors are determined to be present, no hot 

work shall be commenced until such precautions have been 

taken as will ensure that the welding, cutting or heating can be 

performed in safety.

(f) Immediately after welding, cutting or heating is commenced in 

enclosed spaces on metal covered by soft and greasy preservatives, 

and at frequent intervals thereafter, a competent person shall make 

tests to ensure that no flammable vapors are being produced by the 

coatings. If such vapors are determined to be present, the operation 

shall be stopped immediately and shall not be resumed until such 

additional precautions have been taken as are necessary to ensure that 

the operation can be resumed safely.

1915.54 Welding, cutting and heating of hollow metal containers 

and structures not covered by 1915.12

(c) Before welding, cutting, heating or brazing is begun on structural 

voids such as skegs, bilge keels, fair waters, masts, booms, support 

stanchions, pipe stanchions or railings, a competent person shall 

inspect the object and, if necessary, test it for the presence of 

flammable liquids or vapors. If flammable liquids or vapors are 

present, the objects shall be made safe.

(b), (e)(1), (f)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 117

Training Requirements

1915.55 Gas welding and cutting 

(d) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in 

the safe use of fuel gas, as follows:

(1) Before connecting a regulator to a cylinder valve, the valve 

shall be opened slightly and closed immediately. (This action is 

generally termed “cracking” and is intended to clear the valve of 

dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulator.) The person 

cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet, not in 

front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked 

where the gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame or other 

possible sources of ignition.

(2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent 

damage to the regulator. To permit quick closing, valves on fuel 

gas cylinders shall not be opened more than 1-1/2 turns. When a 

special wrench is required, it shall be left in position on the stem 

of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel gas flow 

can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. In the case of 

manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall 

always be available for immediate use. Nothing shall be placed 

on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in use, which may damage the 

safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.

(3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or 

other devices which are equipped with shutoff valves without 

reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the 

cylinder valve or manifold.

(4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder 

valve shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator.

(5) If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder is opened, there is found 

to be a leak around the valve stem, the valve shall be closed and 

the gland nut tightened. If this action does not stop the leak, 

the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued, and it shall be 

properly tagged and removed from the vessel. In the event that 

fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve rather than from 

the valve stem and the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall 

be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. If a regulator 

attached to a cylinder valve will effectively stop a leak through 

the valve seal, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel.

(6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the 

cylinder shall be removed from the vessel.

(d)(1) 

through (6)
118 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

1915.56 Arc welding and cutting

(d) Operating instructions. Employers shall instruct employees in the 

safe means of arc welding and cutting as follows:

(1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes 

shall be removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected 

so that they cannot make electrical contact with employees or 

conducting objects.

(2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water, since to do so 

may expose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock.

(3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or 

to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc 

welding or cutting machine is to be moved, the power supply 

switch to the equipment shall be opened.

(4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the 

supervisor.

1915.57 Uses of fissionable material

(b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive material, whether 

or not under license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 

shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in the 

proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials 

used under Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or 

competent persons under direction and supervision of the licensee, 

shall perform such work.

Subpart E – Scaffolds, Ladders and Other Working Surfaces

1915.71 Scaffolds or staging 

(b) General requirements

(7) No scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except 

under the supervision of competent persons.

(d)(1) 

through (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 119

Training Requirements

Subpart F – General Working Conditions

1915.89 Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tags-plus)

(o) Information and training

(1) Initial training. The employer shall train each employee in 

the applicable requirements of this section no later than 

October 31, 2011.

(2) General training content. The employer shall train each employee 

who is, or may be, in an area where lockout/tags-plus systems are 

being used so they know:

(i) The purpose and function of the employer’s lockout/tagsplus program and procedures;

(ii) The unique identity of the locks and tags to be used in the 

lockout/tags-plus system, as well as the standardized color, 

shape or size of these devices;

(iii) The basic components of the tags-plus system: an energyisolating device with a tag affixed to it and an additional 

safety measure;

(iv) The prohibition against tampering with or removing any 

lockout/tags-plus system; and

(v) The prohibition against restarting or reenergizing any 

machinery, equipment, or system being serviced under a 

lockout/tags-plus system.

(3) Additional training requirements for affected employees. In 

addition to training affected employees in the requirements in 

paragraph (o)(2) of this section, the employer also shall train 

each affected employee so he/she knows:

(i) The use of the employer’s lockout/tags-plus program and 

procedures;

(ii) That affected employees are not to apply or remove any 

lockout/tags-plus system; and

(iii) That affected employees are not to bypass, ignore, or 

otherwise defeat any lockout/tags-plus system.

(o)(1) through 

(7); (r)(1)
120 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

 (4) Additional training requirements for authorized employees. In 

addition to training authorized employees in the requirements 

in paragraphs (o)(2) and (o)(3) of this section, the employer also 

shall train each authorized employee so he/she knows:

(i) The steps necessary for the safe application, use, 

and removal of lockout/tags-plus systems to prevent 

energization or startup or the release of hazardous energy 

during servicing of machinery, equipment, or systems;

(ii) The type of energy sources and the magnitude of the energy 

available at the worksite;

(iii) The means and methods necessary for effective isolation 

and control of hazardous energy;

(iv) The means for determining the safe exposure status of other 

employees in a group when the authorized employee is 

working as a group’s primary authorized employee;

(v) The requirement for tags to be written so they are legible 

and understandable to all employees;

(vi) The requirement that tags and their means of attachment 

be made of materials that will withstand the environmental 

conditions encountered in the workplace;

(vii) The requirement that tags be securely attached to energyisolating devices so they cannot be accidentally removed 

while servicing machinery, equipment, or systems;

(viii)That tags are warning devices, and alone do not provide 

physical barriers against energization or startup, or the 

release of hazardous energy, provided by locks, and energyisolating devices; and

(ix) That tags must be used in conjunction with an energyisolating device to prevent energization or startup or the 

release of hazardous energy.

(5) Additional training for lockout/tags-plus coordinator. In addition 

to training lockout/tags-plus coordinators in the requirements in 

paragraphs (o)(2), (o)(3), and (o)(4) of this section, the employer 

shall train each lockout/tags-plus coordinator so he/she knows:

(i) How to identify and isolate any machinery, equipment, or 

system that is being serviced; and

(ii) How to accurately document lockout/tags-plus systems and 

maintain the lockout/tags-plus log.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 121

Training Requirements

(6) Employee retraining.

(i) The employer shall retrain each employee, as applicable, 

whenever

(A) There is a change in his/her job assignment that 

presents new hazards or requires a greater degree of 

knowledge about the employer’s lockout/tags-plus 

program or procedures;

(B) There is a change in machinery, equipment, or systems to 

be serviced that presents a new energy-control hazard;

(C) There is a change in the employer’s lockout/tags-plus 

program or procedures; or

(D) It is necessary to maintain the employee’s proficiency

(ii) The employer also shall retrain each employee, as 

applicable, whenever an incident investigation or program 

audit indicates that there are:

(A) Deviations from, or deficiencies in, the employer’s 

lockout/tags-plus program or procedures; or

(B) Inadequacies in an employee’s knowledge or use of the 

lockout/tags-plus program or procedures.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that retraining establishes the 

required employee knowledge and proficiency in the 

employer’s lockout/tags-plus program and procedures and 

in any new or revised energy-control procedures

(7) Upon completion of employee training, the employer shall keep a 

record that the employee accomplished the training, and that this 

training is current. The training record shall contain at least the 

employee’s name, date of training, and the subject of the training.

(r) Recordkeeping

(1) Table to paragraph (r)(1) of this section specifies what records the 

employer must retain and how long the employer must retain them:
122 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

Table to Paragraph (r)(1) of This Section—

Retention of Records Required by 1915.89

The employer must keep the 

following records ... For at least ...

(i) Current lockout/tags-plus 

program and procedures

Until replaced by updated 

program and procedures.

(ii) Training records Until replaced by updated records 

for each type of training.

(iii) Incident investigation reports Until the next program audit 

is completed.

(iv) Program audit report 12 months after being replaced 

by the next audit report.

(2) The employer shall make all records required by this section 

available to employees, their representatives, and the Assistant 

Secretary in accordance with the procedures and time periods 

specified in 29 CFR 1910.1020(e)(1) and (e)(3).

Subpart G – Gear and Equipment for Rigging and 

Materials Handling

1915.112 Ropes, chains and slings

(c) Chain and chain slings

(5) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. 

Links or portions of the chain found to be defective as described 

in paragraph (c)(4) of this section shall be replaced by links having 

proper dimensions and made of material similar to that of the chain. 

Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof 

tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer.

1915.116 Use of gear 

(l) An individual who is familiar with the signal code in use shall be assigned 

to act as a signalman when the hoist operator cannot see the load being 

handled. Communications shall be made by means of clear and distinct 

visual or auditory signals except that verbal signals shall not be permitted.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 123

Training Requirements

1915.117 Qualifications of operators

Paragraphs (a) and (d) of this section shall apply to ship repairing and 

shipbuilding only. Paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall apply to ship 

repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking.

(a) When ship’s gear is used to hoist materials aboard, a competent person 

shall determine that the gear is properly rigged, that it is in safe condition, 

and that it will not be overloaded by the size and weight of the lift.

(b) Only those employees who understand the signs, notices, and 

operating instructions, and are familiar with the signal code in use, 

shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch, or other power operated 

hoisting apparatus.

Subpart H – Tools and Related Equipment

1915.135 Powder actuated fastening tools

(a) This section shall apply to ship repairing and shipbuilding only.

(c) Instruction of operators. Before employees are permitted to use 

powder actuated tools, they shall have been thoroughly instructed by 

a competent person with respect to the requirements of paragraph (b) 

of this section and the safe use of such tools as follows:

(1) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine that 

it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel 

is free from obstructions.

(2) When a tool develops a defect during use, the operator shall 

immediately cease to use it and shall notify his supervisor.

(3) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing 

time and the tool shall not be left unattended while loaded.

(4) The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any 

person, and hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel end.

(5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the 

operating position for at least 15 seconds and shall continue to 

hold the muzzle against the work surface during disassembly or 

opening of the tool and removal of the powder load.

(6) Neither tools nor powder charges shall be left unattended in 

places where they would be available to unauthorized persons.

(a) and (c)(1) 

through (6)
124 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

1915.136 Internal combustion engines, other than ships’ equipment

(c) When internal combustion engines on vehicles, such as forklifts and 

mobile cranes, or on portable equipment such as fans, generators, 

and pumps, exhaust into the atmosphere below decks, the competent 

person shall make tests of the carbon monoxide content of the 

atmosphere as frequently as conditions require to ensure that dangerous 

concentrations do not develop. Employees shall be removed from the 

compartment involved when the carbon monoxide concentration 

exceeds 50 parts per million (0.005%). The employer shall use blowers 

sufficient in size and number and so arranged as to maintain the 

concentration below this allowable limit before work is resumed.

Subpart I – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1915.152 General requirements 

(e) Training

(1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is 

required by this section to use PPE (Exception: Training in the 

use of personal fall arrest systems and positioning device systems 

is covered in Sections 1915.159 and 1915.160). Each employee 

shall be trained to understand at least the following:

(i) When PPE is necessary;

(ii) What PPE is necessary;

(iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE;

(iv) The limitations of the PPE; and

(v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of 

the PPE.

(2) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee 

demonstrates the ability to use PPE properly before being 

allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

(3) The employer shall retrain any employee who does not 

understand or display the skills required by paragraph (e)(2) of 

this section. Circumstances where retraining is required include, 

but are not limited to, situations where:

(e)(1) through (3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 125

Training Requirements

(i) Changes in occupation or work render previous 

training obsolete; or

(ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous 

training obsolete; or

(iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of 

assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained 

the requisite understanding or skill.

1915.154 Respiratory protection

Respiratory protection for shipyard employment is covered by 29 CFR 1910.134.

1915.159 Personal fall arrest systems (PFAS)

(d) Training. Before using personal fall arrest equipment, each affected 

employee shall be trained to understand the application limits of the 

equipment and proper hook-up, anchoring, and tie-off techniques. 

Affected employees shall also be trained so that they can demonstrate 

the proper use, inspection, and storage of their equipment.

1915.160 Positioning device systems

(d) Training. Before using a positioning device system, employees shall 

be trained in the application limits, proper hook-up, anchoring 

and tie-off techniques, methods of use, inspection, and storage of 

positioning device systems.

Subpart K – Portable, Unfired Pressure Vessels, Drums and 

Containers, Other Than Ship’s Equipment

1915.172 Portable air receivers and other unfired pressure vessels 

(b) Portable, unfired pressure vessels, not built to the code requirements 

of paragraph (a) of this section, and built prior to the effective date of 

this regulation, shall be examined quarterly by a competent person. 

They shall be subjected yearly to a hydrostatic pressure test of one and 

one-half times the working pressure of the vessels.
126 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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Subpart P – Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment

1915.508 Training

(a) The employer must train employees in the applicable requirements 

of this section:

(1) Within 90 days of December 14, 2004, for employees currently 

working;

(2) Upon initial assignment for new employees; and

(3) When necessary to maintain proficiency for employees 

previously trained.

(b) Employee training. The employer must ensure that all employees are 

trained on:

(1) The emergency alarm signals, including system discharge alarms 

and employee evacuation alarms; and

(2) The primary and secondary evacuation routes that employees 

must use in the event of a fire in the workplace. While all vessels 

and vessel sections must have a primary evacuation route, a 

secondary evacuation route is not required when impracticable.

(c) Additional training requirements for employees expected to fight 

incipient stage fires. The employer must ensure that employees 

expected to fight incipient stage fires are trained on the following:

(1) The general principles of using fire extinguishers or hose 

lines, the hazards involved with incipient firefighting, and the 

procedures used to reduce these hazards;

(2) The hazards associated with fixed and portable fire protection 

systems that employees may use or to which they may be 

exposed during discharge of those systems; and

(3) The activation and operation of fixed and portable fire protection 

systems that the employer expects employees to use in the workplace.

(d) Additional training requirements for shipyard employees 

designated for fire response. The employer must:

(1) Have a written training policy stating that fire response 

employees must be trained and capable of carrying out their 

duties and responsibilities at all times;

(2) Keep written standard operating procedures that address anticipated 

emergency operations and update these procedures as necessary;
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 127

Training Requirements

(3) Review fire response employee training programs and hands-on 

sessions before they are used in fire response training to make 

sure that fire response employees are protected from hazards 

associated with fire response training;

(4) Provide training for fire response employees that ensures they are 

capable of carrying out their duties and responsibilities under the 

employer’s standard operating procedures;

(5) Train new fire response employees before they engage in 

emergency operations;

(6) At least quarterly, provide training on the written operating 

procedures to fire response employees who are expected to 

fight fires;

(7) Use qualified instructors to conduct the training;

(8) Conduct any training that involves live fire response exercises in 

accordance with NFPA 1403-2002 Standard on Live Fire Training 

Evolutions (incorporated by reference, see 1915.5);

(9) Conduct semi-annual drills according to the employer’s written 

procedures for fire response employees that cover site-specific 

operations, occupancies, buildings, vessels and vessel sections, 

and fire-related hazards; and

(10)Prohibit the use of smoke generating devices that create a 

dangerous atmosphere in training exercises.

(e) Additional training requirements for fire watch duty.

(1) The employer must ensure that each fire watch is trained by an 

instructor with adequate fire watch knowledge and experience to 

cover the items as follows:

(i) Before being assigned to fire watch duty;

(ii) Whenever there is a change in operations that presents a 

new or different hazard;

(iii) Whenever the employer has reason to believe that the fire 

watch’s knowledge, skills, or understanding of the training 

previously provided is inadequate; and

(iv) Annually.

(2) The employer must ensure that each employee who stands fire 

watch duty is trained in:
128 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

(i) The basics of fire behavior, the different classes of fire and 

of extinguishing agents, the stages of fire, and methods for 

extinguishing fires;

(ii) Extinguishing live fire scenarios whenever allowed by local 

and federal law;

(iii) The recognition of the adverse health effects that may be 

caused by exposure to fire;

(iv) The physical characteristics of the hot work area;

(v) The hazards associated with fire watch duties;

(vi) The personal protective equipment (PPE) needed to 

perform fire watch duties safely;

(vii) The use of PPE;

(viii)The selection and use of any fire extinguishers and fire 

hoses likely to be used by a fire watch in the work area;

(ix) The location and use of barriers;

(x) The means of communication designated by the employer 

for fire watches;

(xi) When and how to start fire alarm procedures; and

(xii) The employer’s evacuation plan.

(3) The employer must ensure that each fire watch is trained to alert 

others to exit the space whenever:

(i) The fire watch perceives an unsafe condition;

(ii) The fire watch perceives that a worker performing hot work 

is in danger;

(iii) The employer or a representative of the employer orders an 

evacuation; or

(iv) An evacuation signal, such as an alarm, is activated.

(f) Records. The employer must keep records that demonstrate that 

employees have been trained as required by paragraphs (a) through 

(e) of this section.

(1) The employer must ensure that the records include the 

employee’s name; the trainer’s name; the type of training; and the 

date(s) on which the training took place.

(2) The employer must keep each training record for one year from 

the time it was made or until it is replaced with a new training 

record, whichever is shorter, and make it available for inspection 

and copying by OSHA on request. 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 129

Training Requirements

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances

1915.1001 Asbestos

(k) Communication of hazards 

(9) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is likely to 

be exposed in excess of a PEL and each employee who 

performs Class I through IV asbestos operations in 

accordance with the requirements of this section. Training 

shall be provided at no cost to the employee. The employer 

shall institute a training program and ensure employee 

participation in the program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial 

assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) Training for Class I operations and for Class II 

operations that require the use of critical barriers (or 

equivalent isolation methods) and/or negative pressure 

enclosures under this section shall be the equivalent in 

curriculum, training method and length to the EPA Model 

Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos abatement workers 

training (40 CFR part 763, subpart E, appendix C).

(iv) Training for other Class II work.

(A) For work with asbestos containing roofing materials, 

flooring materials, siding materials, ceiling tiles, or 

transite panels, training shall include at a minimum all 

the elements included in paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this 

section and in addition, the specific work practices 

and engineering controls set forth in paragraph (g) of 

this section which specifically relate to that category. 

Such course shall include “hands-on” training and 

shall take at least 8 hours.

(B) An employee who works with more than one of the 

categories of material specified in paragraph (k)(9)(iv)

(A) of this section shall receive training in the work 

practices applicable to each category of material that 

the employee removes and each removal method that 

the employee uses.

(k)(9) and (10); 

(o)(1) and (4); 

Appendix L
130 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(C) For Class II operations not involving the categories of 

material specified in paragraph (k)(9)(iv)(A) of this 

section, training shall be provided which shall include at 

a minimum all the elements included in paragraph (k)

(9)(viii) of this section and in addition, the specific work 

practices and engineering controls set forth in paragraph 

(g) of this section which specifically relate to the 

category of material being removed, and shall include 

“hands-on” training in the work practices applicable to 

each category of material that the employee removes and 

each removal method that the employee uses.

(v) Training for Class III employees shall be consistent with 

EPA requirements for training of local education agency 

maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 

763.92(a)(2). Such a course shall also include “handson” training and shall take at least 16 hours. Exception: 

For Class III operations for which the competent person 

determines that the EPA curriculum does not adequately 

cover the training needed to perform that activity, training 

shall include as a minimum all the elements included in 

paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this section and in addition, the 

specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in 

paragraph (g) of this section which specifically relate to that 

activity, and shall include “hands-on” training in the work 

practices applicable to each category of material that the 

employee disturbs.

(vi) Training for employees performing Class IV operations 

shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of 

local education agency maintenance and custodial staff 

as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1). Such a course shall 

include available information concerning the locations of 

thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM/PACM, and 

asbestos-containing flooring material, or flooring material 

where the absence of asbestos has not yet been certified; 

and instruction in the recognition of damage, deterioration, 

and delamination of asbestos containing building materials. 

Such a course shall take at least 2 hours.

(vii) Training for employees who are likely to be exposed in excess 

of the PEL and who are not otherwise required to be trained 

under paragraph (k)(9) (iii) through (vi) of this section, shall 

meet the requirements of paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this section.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 131

Training Requirements

(viii) The training program shall be conducted in a manner 

that the employee is able to understand. In addition to the 

content required by the provisions in paragraphs (k)(9)(iii) 

through (vi) of this section, the employer shall ensure that 

each such employee is informed of the following:

(A) Methods of recognizing asbestos, including the 

requirement in paragraph (k)(1) of this section to 

presume that certain building materials contain asbestos;

(B) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;

(C) The relationship between smoking and asbestos in 

producing lung cancer;

(D) The nature of operations that could result in 

exposure to asbestos, the importance of necessary 

protective controls to minimize exposure including, 

as applicable, engineering controls, work practices, 

respirators, housekeeping procedures, hygiene 

facilities, protective clothing, decontamination 

procedures, emergency procedures, and waste disposal 

procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use 

of these controls and procedures; where Class III and 

IV work will be or is performed, the contents of EPA 

20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos In-Place” July 1990 or 

its equivalent in content;

(E) The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and 

limitations of respirators as required by 29 CFR 1910.134;

(F) The appropriate work practices for performing the 

asbestos job;

(G) Medical surveillance program requirements;

(H) The content of this standard including appendices;

(I) The names, addresses and phone numbers of public 

health organizations which provide information, 

materials and/or conduct programs concerning 

smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the 

list of such organizations contained in Appendix J to 

this section, to comply with this requirement; and

(J) The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels 

and the meaning of the required legends for such signs 

and labels.
132 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(10) Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to affected employees 

without cost, written materials relating to the employee training 

program, including a copy of this regulation.

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary and the 

Director, upon request, all information and training materials 

relating to the employee information and training program.

(iii) The employer shall inform all employees concerning 

the availability of self-help smoking cessation program 

material. Upon employee request, the employer shall 

distribute such material, consisting of NIH Publication 

No. 89-1647, or equivalent self-help material, which is 

approved or published by a public health organization listed 

in Appendix J to this section.

(n) Recordkeeping 

(4) Training records. The employer shall maintain all employee 

training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of 

employment by that employer.

(o) Qualified person 

(1) General. On all shipyard worksites covered by this standard, 

the employer shall designate a qualified person having the 

qualifications and authority for ensuring worker safety and 

health required by Subpart C, General Safety and Health 

Provisions for Construction (29 CFR 1926.20 through 1926.31).

(4) Training for the competent person.

(i) For Class I and II asbestos work the qualified person shall 

be trained in all aspects of asbestos removal and handling, 

including: Abatement, installation, removal and handling; 

the contents of this standard; the identification of asbestos; 

removal procedures, where appropriate; and other practices 

for reducing the hazard. Such training shall be obtained in a 

comprehensive course for supervisors, that meets the criteria 

of EPA’s Model Accredited Plan (40 CFR part 763, subpart E, 

Appendix C), such as a course conducted by an EPA-approved 

or state-approved training provider, certified by EPA or a state, 

or a course equivalent in stringency, content, and length.

(ii) For Class III and IV asbestos work, the qualified person 

shall be trained in aspects of asbestos handling appropriate 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 133

Training Requirements

for the nature of the work, to include procedures for setting 

up glove bags and mini-enclosures, practices for reducing 

asbestos exposures, use of wet methods, the contents of 

this standard, and the identification of asbestos. Such 

training shall include successful completion of a course 

that is consistent with EPA requirements for training of 

local education agency maintenance and custodial staff 

as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2), or its equivalent in 

stringency, content, and length. Qualified persons for Class 

III and Class IV work may also be trained pursuant to the 

requirements of paragraph (o)(4)(i) of this section.

Appendix L — Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Automotive Brake 

and Clutch Inspection, Disassembly, Repair and Assembly — Mandatory

This mandatory appendix specifies engineering controls and work practices that must 

be implemented by the employer during automotive brake and clutch inspection, 

disassembly, repair, and assembly operations. Proper use of these engineering controls and 

work practices by trained employees will reduce employees’ asbestos exposure below the 

permissible exposure level during clutch and brake inspection, disassembly, repair, and 

assembly operations. The employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices 

using either the method set forth in paragraph [A] or paragraph [B] of this appendix, 

or any other method which the employer can demonstrate to be equivalent in terms of 

reducing employee exposure to asbestos as defined and which meets the requirements 

described in paragraph [C] of this appendix, for those facilities in which no more than 5 

pairs of brakes or 5 clutches are inspected, disassembled, reassembled and/or repaired per 

week, the method set forth in paragraph [D] of this appendix may be used:

1915.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.)

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1003.

1915.1017 Vinyl chloride

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1017.

1915.1018 Inorganic arsenic

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1018.
134 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1915.1025 Lead

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1025.

1915.1027 Cadmium

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1027.

1915.1028 Benzene

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1028.

1915.1030 Bloodborne pathogens

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1030.

1915.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1044.

1915.1045 Acrylonitrile

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1045.

1915.1047 Ethylene oxide

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1047.

1915.1048 Formaldehyde

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1048.

1915.1050 Methylenedianiline

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1050.

1915.1200 Hazard Communication

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

1915.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories

Note: The requirements applicable to shipyard employment under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1450.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 135

Training Requirements

29 CFR PART 1917 – MARINE TERMINALS

Subpart A – General Provisions

1917.1 Scope and applicability

(a)(2) 

(iii) Commercial diving operations

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under 

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.410(a)

(1); (2)(i) through (iii); (3) and (4).

(iv) Electrical (safety-related work practices) 

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.332(b)(1).

(v) Grain handling facilities 

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under 

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.272(e)

(1)(i) and (ii) and (2).

(vi) Hazard communication

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals 

under this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 

1910.1200(h)(1) and (3)(i) through (iv).

(vii)Ionizing radiation

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1096(i)(2).

(viii)Noise (hearing protection) 

Note: The requirement applicable to Marine Terminals under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.95(i)(4).

(x) Respiratory protection

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.134(k)(3)

(xii)Servicing multi-piece and single-piece rim wheels

Note: The requirement applicable to Marine Terminals under 

this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.177(c)

(1)(i) through (iii); (2)(i) through (viii) and (3) including single 

piece wheels per Federal Register of February 3, 1984 (pp. 4338-

4352) but not automobile or truck tires marked “LT.”
136 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

(xiii)Toxic and hazardous substances

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

Subpart B – Marine Terminal Operations

1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section 

are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z.

(b) Determination of hazard 

(1) When the employer is aware that a room, building, vehicle, 

railcar, or other space contains or has contained a hazardous 

atmosphere, a designated and appropriately equipped person 

shall test the atmosphere before employee entry to determine 

whether a hazardous atmosphere exists.

(d) Entry into hazardous atmospheres. Only designated persons shall 

enter hazardous atmospheres, in which case the following provisions 

shall apply:

(3) Except for emergency or rescue operations, employees shall 

not enter into any atmosphere which has been identified as 

flammable or oxygen deficient (less than 19.5 percent oxygen). 

Persons who may be required to enter flammable or oxygen 

deficient atmospheres in emergency operations shall be 

instructed in the dangers attendant to those atmospheres and 

instructed in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus, 

which shall be utilized.

1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides, and hazardous preservatives

(e) Only designated persons shall enter hazardous atmospheres, in 

which place the following provisions apply.

(2) Persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere shall 

be instructed in the nature of the hazard, precautions to be taken, 

and the use of protective and emergency equipment. Standby 

observers, similarly equipped and instructed, shall continuously 

monitor the activity of employees within such a space.

(b)(1) and 

(d)(3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 137

Training Requirements

1917.27 Personnel 

(a) Qualifications of machinery operators.

(1) Only those employees determined by the employer to be 

competent by reason of training or experience, and who 

understand the signs, notices and operating instructions and 

are familiar with the signal code in use shall be permitted to 

operate a crane, winch or other power operated cargo handling 

apparatus, or any power operated vehicle, or give signals to the 

operator of any hoisting apparatus. Exception: Employees being 

trained and supervised by a designated person may operate such 

machinery and give signals to operators during training.

(b) Supervisory accident prevention proficiency

(1) After October 3, 1985 immediate supervisors of cargo-handling 

operations of more than five (5) persons shall satisfactorily complete 

a course in accident prevention. Employees newly assigned to 

supervisory duties after that date shall be required to meet the 

provisions of this paragraph within 90 days of such assignment.

(2) The course shall consist of instruction suited to the particular 

operations involved.*

*The following are recommended topics: (i) Safety responsibility and authority; (ii) elements of 

accident prevention; (iii) attitudes, leadership and motivation; (iv) hazards of longshoring, including 

peculiar local circumstances; (v) hazard identification and elimination; (vi) applicable regulations; 

and (vii) accident investigations.

1917.28 Hazard communication 

Note: The requirements applicable to Marine Terminals under this section are 

identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and (3)(i) through (iv).

1917.30 Emergency action plans

(a) Emergency action plans

(5) Training. 

(i) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the 

employer shall designate and train a sufficient number 

of persons to assist in the safe and orderly emergency 

evacuation of employees.

(ii) The employer shall review the plan with each employee 

covered by the plan at the following times:

(A) Initially when the plan is developed;

(a)(1) and 

(b)(1) and (2)

(a)(5)(i) 

through (iii)
138 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

(B) Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or 

designated actions under the plan change; and,

(C) Whenever the plan is changed.

(iii) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial 

assignment those parts of the plan that the employee must 

know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. 

The written plan shall be kept at the workplace and be made 

available for employee review.

Subpart C – Cargo Handling Gear and Equipment

1917.44 General rules applicable to vehicles

(a) The requirements of this section apply to general vehicle use within 

marine terminals. Exception: The provisions of paragraphs (c) and (1) 

of this section do not apply when preempted by applicable regulation 

of the Department of Transportation.

(i) A distance of not less than 20 feet (6.1 meters) shall be maintained 

between the first two vehicles in a check-in, check-out, roadability, 

or vessel loading/discharging line. The distance shall be maintained 

between any subsequent vehicles behind which employees are 

required to work.

(o) Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim wheels. Servicing of multipiece and single piece rim wheels is covered by 1910.177.

(3) Employee training. 

(i) Only employees trained in the procedures required 

in paragraph (o)(4) of this section and who have 

demonstrated their ability to service multi-piece rim wheels 

shall be assigned to such duties.

(ii) Employees assigned such duties shall have demonstrated 

their ability by the safe performance of the following tasks: 

(A) Tire demounting (including deflation);

(B) Inspection of wheel components;

(C) Mounting of tires;

(a), (i), and (o)(3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 139

Training Requirements

(D) Inflation of tires, including use of a restraining device;

(E) Handling of wheels;

(F) Inflation of tires when a wheel is mounted on the 

vehicle; and

(G) Installation and removal of wheels.

Subpart D – Specialized Terminals

1917.73 Terminal facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish

(d) The plant superintendent and foremen shall be trained and be 

knowledgeable about the hazards of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen 

deficiency. They shall be trained in the use of appropriate respiratory 

and other protective equipment, and in rescue procedures. Other 

supervisory plant personnel shall be informed of these hazards 

and instructed in the necessary safety measures, including use of 

respiratory and rescue equipment.

Subpart G – Related Terminal Operations and Equipment

1917.152 Welding, cutting and heating (hot work)

(c) Fire protection

(4) When the hot work operation is such that normal fire prevention 

precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be 

assigned to guard against fire during hot work and for a sufficient 

time after completion of the work to ensure that no fire hazard 

remains. The employer shall instruct all employees involved in 

hot work operations as to potential fire hazards and the use of 

firefighting equipment.
140 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

29 CFR PART 1918 – SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING

Subpart A – Scope and Definitions

1918.1 Scope and application

(b) Part 1910 of this chapter does not apply to longshoring except for 

the following provisions:

(2) Commercial diving operations.

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.410(a)(1); 

(2)(i) through (iii); (3) and (4).

(3) Electrical safety-related work practices. 

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.332(b)(1).

(4) Hazard communication.

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) 

and (3)(i) and (iv).

(5) Ionizing radiation.

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1096(i)(2).

(6) Noise (hearing protection). 

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.95(i)(4).

(8) Respiratory protection.

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.134(k)(3).

(9) Toxic and Hazardous Substances.

Note: The requirements applicable to Longshoring under this 

section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 141

Training Requirements

Subpart H – Handling Cargo

1918.85 Containerized cargo operations

(k) Fall Protection Systems 

(12)Before using any fall protection system, the employee shall be 

trained in the use and application limits of the equipment, proper 

hook-up, anchoring and tie-off techniques, methods of use, and 

proper methods of equipment inspection and storage.

Subpart I – General Working Conditions

1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances

(d) Entry into hazardous atmospheres

(3) Except in emergency or rescue operations, employees shall not 

enter any atmosphere identified as flammable or oxygen-deficient 

(less than 19.5 percent oxygen). Persons who may be required to 

enter flammable or oxygen-deficient atmospheres in emergency 

operations shall be instructed in the dangers attendant to those 

atmospheres and be instructed in the use of self-contained 

breathing apparatus which shall be used for entry.

1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions

(b) Fumigated grains

(3) A test of the fumigant concentration in the atmosphere of the 

compartment shall be made after loading begins and before 

employees enter the compartment. Additional tests shall be made 

as often as necessary to ensure that hazardous concentrations do 

not develop.

(v) One or more employees on duty shall be equipped and trained to 

provide any specific emergency medical treatment stipulated for 

the particular fumigant.
142 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Maritime

1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities

(b) First Aid. A first-aid kit shall be available at or near each vessel being 

worked. At least one person holding a valid first-aid certificate, such 

as is issued by the Red Cross or other equivalent organization, shall be 

available to render first aid when work is in progress.

1918.98 Qualifications of machinery operators and supervisory training

(a) Qualification of machinery operators

(1) Only an employee determined by the employer to be competent 

by reason of training or experience, and who understands the 

signs, notices, and operating instructions and is familiar with 

the signal code in use, shall be permitted to operate a crane, 

winch, or other power-operated cargo handling apparatus, or 

any power-operated vehicle, or give signals to the operator of 

any hoisting apparatus. However, an employee being trained and 

supervised by a designated person may operate such machinery 

and give signals to operators during training.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 143Photo: Dona File, Philadelphia, PA

Construction

The following standards have been excerpted from Title 29, Code of Federal 

Regulations Part 1926. They contain training requirements with which employers 

must comply. Note that in addition to these Part 1926 standards, Part 1910, 

Occupational Safety and Health Standards, also contain training standards 

applicable to construction work.

29 CFR 1910

Subpart B – Adoption and Extension of Established 

Federal Standards

1910.12 Construction work

(a) Standards. The standards prescribed in part 1926 of this chapter are 

adopted as occupational safety and health standards under section 

6 of the Act [OSH Act] and shall apply, according to the provisions 

thereof, to every employment and place of employment of every 

employee engaged in construction work. Each employer shall protect 

the employment and places of employment of each of his employees 

engaged in construction work by complying with the appropriate 

standards prescribed in this paragraph.
144 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(b) Definition. For the purposes of this section, Construction work means 

work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and 

decorating. See discussion of these terms in 1926.13 of this title.

(c) Construction Safety Act Distinguished. This section adopts as 

occupational safety and health standards under section 6 of the Act 

the standards which are prescribed in part 1926 of this chapter. Thus, 

the standards (substantive rules) published in subpart C and following 

subparts of part 1926 of this chapter are applied. This section does not 

incorporate subparts A and B of part 1926 of this chapter. Subparts A and 

B have pertinence only to the application of section 107 of the Contract 

Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (Construction Safety Act).

29 CFR 1926

Subpart C – General Safety and Health Provisions

1926.20 General safety and health provisions 

(b) Accident prevention responsibilities

(1) It shall be the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain 

such programs as may be necessary to comply with this part.

(2) Such programs [as may be necessary to comply with this part] 

shall provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job 

sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent 

persons [capable of identifying existing and predictable 

hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are 

unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who have 

authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate 

them] designated by the employers.

(4) The employer shall permit only those employees qualified 

[one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or 

professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, 

and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to 

solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the 

work, or the project] by training or experience to operate 

equipment and machinery.

(b)(1), (2) 

and (4); (f)(2)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 145

Training Requirements

(f) Compliance duties owed to each employee

(2) Training. Standards in this part requiring training on hazards and 

related matters, such as standards requiring that employees receive 

training or that the employer train employees, provide training 

to employees, or institute or implement a training program, 

impose a separate compliance duty with respect to each employee 

covered by the requirement. The employer must train each affected 

employee in the manner required by the standard, and each failure 

to train an employee may be considered a separate violation.

1926.21 Safety training and education 

(a) General requirements. The Secretary shall, pursuant to section 107(f) 

of the Act, establish and supervise programs for the education and 

training of employers and employees in the recognition, avoidance and 

prevention of unsafe conditions in employments covered by the act.

(b) Employer responsibility.

(1) The employer should avail himself of the safety and health 

training programs the Secretary provides.

(2) The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and 

avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable 

to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or 

other exposure to illness or injury.

(3) Employees required to handle or use poisons, caustics, and 

other harmful substances shall be instructed regarding the safe 

handling and use, and be made aware of the potential hazards, 

personal hygiene, and personal protective measures required.

(4) In job site areas where harmful plants or animals are present, 

employees who may be exposed shall be instructed regarding 

the potential hazards, and how to avoid injury, and the first aid 

procedures to be used in the event of injury.

(5) Employees required to handle or use flammable liquids, gases, or 

toxic materials shall be instructed in the safe handling and use 

of these materials and made aware of the specific requirements 

contained in subparts D, F, and other applicable subparts of this part.

(6) (i) All employees required to enter into confined or enclosed 

spaces shall be instructed as to the nature of the hazards 

involved, the necessary precautions to be taken, and in the 

use of protective and emergency equipment required. The 

employer shall comply with any specific regulations that 

apply to work in dangerous or potentially dangerous areas.

(a) and (b)
146 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(ii) For purposes of paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section, confined 

or enclosed space means any space having a limited means 

of egress, which is subject to the accumulation of toxic 

or flammable contaminants or has an oxygen deficient 

atmosphere. Confined or enclosed spaces include, but are 

not limited to, storage tanks, process vessels, bins, boilers, 

ventilation or exhaust ducts, sewers, underground utility 

vaults, tunnels, pipelines, and open top spaces more than 

4 feet in depth such as pits, tubs, vaults, and vessels.

1926.32 Definitions

(f) “Competent person” means one who is capable of identifying existing 

and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions 

which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who 

has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

(m)“Qualified” means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, 

certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, 

training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to 

solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or 

the project.

1926.35 Employee emergency action plans 

(e) Training.

(1) Before implementing the emergency action plan, the employer 

shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons to assist 

in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees.

(2) The employer shall review the plan with each employee covered 

by the plan at the following times:

(i) Initially when the plan is developed,

(ii) Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated 

actions under the plan change, and

(iii) Whenever the plan is changed.

(3) The employer shall review with each employee upon initial 

assignment those parts of the plan which the employee must 

know to protect the employee in the event of an emergency. The 

written plan shall be kept at the workplace and made available 

for employee review. For those employers with 10 or fewer 

employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees 

and the employer need not maintain a written plan.

(e)(1) 

through (3)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 147

Training Requirements

Subpart D – Occupational Health and Environmental Controls

1926.50 Medical services and first aid

(c) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is 

reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, 

which is available for the treatment of injured employees, a person 

who has a valid certificate in first-aid training from the U.S. Bureau 

of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be 

verified by documentary evidence, shall be available at the worksite to 

render first aid.

1926.52 Occupational noise exposure

(d) (1) In all cases where the sound levels exceed the values shown 

herein, a continuing, effective hearing conservation program 

shall be administered.

1926.53 Ionizing radiation

(b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive materials or 

X-rays, whether or not under license from the Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially 

trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the 

case of materials used under Commission license, only persons 

actually licensed, or competent persons under direction and 

supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work. 

1926.54 Nonionizing radiation

(a) Only qualified and trained employees shall be assigned to install, 

adjust, and operate laser equipment.

(b) Proof of qualification of the laser equipment operator shall be 

available and in possession of the operator at all times.

1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists 

(a) Exposure of employees to inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, or 

contact with any material or substance at a concentration above those 

specified in the “Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants 

for 1970” of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial 

Hygienists, shall be avoided. See Appendix A to this section.
148 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(b) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) of this section, 

administrative or engineering controls must first be implemented 

whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full 

compliance, protective equipment or other protective measures shall 

be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within 

the limits prescribed in this section. Any equipment and technical 

measures used for this purpose must first be approved for each 

particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically 

qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall 

comply with 1926.103.

(c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of 

employees to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite 

dust. Whenever any employee is exposed to airborne asbestos, 

tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust, the requirements of 

1910.1101 or 1926.58 of this title shall apply.

(d) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of 

employees to formaldehyde. Whenever any employee is exposed to 

formaldehyde, the requirements of 1910.1048 of this title shall apply.

1926.57 Ventilation

(i) Open surface tanks

(9) Personal protection. 

(i) All employees working in and around open-surface tank 

operations must be instructed as to the hazards of their 

respective jobs, and in the personal protection and first aid 

procedures applicable to these hazards.

(11) Inspection, maintenance and installation.

(v) If, in emergencies, such as rescue work, it is necessary to 

enter a tank which may contain a hazardous atmosphere, 

suitable respirators, such as self-contained breathing 

apparatus; hose mask with blower, if there is a possibility of 

oxygen deficiency; or a gas mask, selected and operated in 

accordance with paragraph (i)(9)(vi) of this section, shall 

be used. If a contaminant in the tank can cause dermatitis, 

or be absorbed through the skin, the employee entering the 

tank shall also wear protective clothing. At least one trained 

standby employee, with suitable respirator, shall be present in 

the nearest uncontaminated area. The standby employee must 

be able to communicate with the employee in the tank and be 

able to haul him out of the tank with a lifeline if necessary.

(i)(9)(i) and 

(i)(11)(v)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 149

Training Requirements

1926.59 Hazard communication 

[Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under 

this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1200 Hazard 

Communication of this chapter.]

1910.1200 Hazard communication

(a) Purpose.

(1) The purpose of this section is to ensure that the hazards of 

all chemicals produced or imported are classified, and that 

information concerning the classified hazards is transmitted 

to employers and employees. The requirements of this section 

are intended to be consistent with the provisions of the United 

Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and 

Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Revision 3. The transmittal of 

information is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive 

hazard communication programs, which are to include container 

labeling and other forms of warning, safety data sheets and 

employee training. [See standard for specific requirements.]

1926.60 Methylenedianiline 

(l) Communication of hazards to employees

(3) Information and training.

(i) The employer shall provide employees with information 

and training on MDA, in accordance with 29 CFR 

1910.1200(h), at the time of initial assignment and at least 

annually thereafter.

(ii) In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 

1910.1200, the employer shall:

(A) Provide an explanation of the contents of this 

section, including appendices A and B of this 

section, and indicate to employees where a copy of 

the standard is available;

(B) Describe the medical surveillance program required 

under paragraph (n) of this section, and explain the 

information contained in Appendix C of this section; and

(C) Describe the medical removal provision required 

under paragraph (n) of this section.

(l)(3) and (4), 

and (o)(6)
150 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(4) Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected 

employees, without cost, all written materials relating to the 

employee training program, including a copy of this regulation.

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary and the 

Director, upon request, all information and training materials 

relating to the employee information and training program.

(o) Recordkeeping

(6) Training records. The employer shall maintain all employee training 

records for one (1) year beyond the last date of employment.

1926.61 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels

[Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this 

section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1201 of this chapter.]

1910.1201(d) For non-bulk packages which will not be reshipped, the 

provisions of this section are met if a label or other acceptable marking is 

affixed in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 

1910.1200). [See 1910.1200(h) for required employee information and 

training, including explanations of labels.]

1926.62 Lead in Construction 

(l) Communication of hazards

(1) General 

(i) Hazard communication. The employer shall include lead 

in the program established to comply with the Hazard 

Communication Standard (HCS) (1910.1200). The 

employer shall ensure that each employee has access to 

labels on containers of lead and safety data sheets, and 

is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and 

paragraph (l) of this section. The employer shall ensure that 

at least the following hazards are addressed:

(A) Reproductive/developmental toxicity;

(B) Central nervous system effects;

(C) Kidney effects;

(D) Blood effects; and

(E) Acute toxicity effects.

(l)(1) through (3); 

and Appendix B (X)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 151

Training Requirements

(ii) The employer shall train each employee who is subject to 

exposure to lead at or above the action level on any day, or 

who is subject to exposure to lead compounds which may 

cause skin or eye irritation (e.g., lead arsenate, lead azide), 

in accordance with the requirements of this section. The 

employer shall institute a training program and ensure 

employee participation in the program.

(iii) The employer shall provide the training program as initial 

training prior to the time of job assignment or prior to the 

start up date for this requirement, whichever comes last.

(iv) The employer shall also provide the training program at 

least annually for each employee who is subject to lead 

exposure at or above the action level on any day.

(2) Training program. The employer shall assure that each employee 

is trained in the following:

(i) The content of this standard and its appendices;

(ii) The specific nature of the operations which could result in 

exposure to lead above the action level;

(iii) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and limitations 

of respirators;

(iv) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance 

program, and the medical removal protection program 

including information concerning the adverse health effects 

associated with excessive exposure to lead (with particular 

attention to the adverse reproductive effects on both 

males and females and hazards to the fetus and additional 

precautions for employees who are pregnant);

(v) The engineering controls and work practices associated 

with the employee’s job assignment including training of 

employees to follow relevant good work practices described 

in Appendix B of this section;

(vi) The contents of any compliance plan in effect;

(vii) Instructions to employees that chelating agents should not 

routinely be used to remove lead from their bodies and 

should not be used at all except under the direction of a 

licensed physician; and

(viii) The employee’s right of access to records under 29 CFR 1910.20.
152 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(3) Access to information and training materials. 

(i) The employer shall make readily available to all affected 

employees a copy of this standard and its appendices.

(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials 

relating to the employee information and training program 

to affected employees and their designated representatives, 

and to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

Appendix B to 1926.62 — Employee Standard Summary

X. Employee Information and Training — Paragraph (L)

Your employer is required to provide an information and training program for all 

employees exposed to lead above the action level or who may suffer skin or eye irritation 

from lead compounds such as lead arsenate or lead azide. The program must train 

these employees regarding the specific hazards associated with their work environment, 

protective measures which can be taken, including the contents of any compliance plan 

in effect, the danger of lead to their bodies (including their reproductive systems), and 

their rights under the standard. All employees must be trained prior to initial assignment 

to areas where there is a possibility of exposure over the action level.

This training program must also be provided at least annually thereafter unless 

further exposure above the action level will not occur.

1926.64 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals 

(g) Training

(1) Initial training

(i) Each employee presently involved in operating a process, 

and each employee before being involved in operating a 

newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of 

the process and in the operating procedures as specified 

in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include 

emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, 

emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work 

practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks.

(ii) In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved 

in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer 

may certify in writing that the employee has the required 

knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties 

and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.

(g)(1) through 

(3); (h)(3)(i) 

through (iii); 

(i)(2)(iv); (j)

(3); (l)(3); and 

all Appendix C 

except (1), (7) 

and (10)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 153

Training Requirements

(2) Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at 

least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each 

employee involved in operating a process to assure that the 

employee understands and adheres to the current operating 

procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the 

employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the 

appropriate frequency of refresher training.

(3) Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that 

each employee involved in operating a process has received 

and understood the training required by this paragraph. The 

employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of 

the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify 

that the employee understood the training.

(h) Contractors

(3) Contract employer responsibilities

(i) The contract employer shall assure that each contract 

employee is trained in the work practices necessary to safely 

perform his/her job.

(ii) The contract employer shall assure that each contract 

employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, 

or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, 

and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.

(iii) The contract employer shall document that each contract 

employee has received and understood the training 

required by this paragraph. The contract employer shall 

prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract 

employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify 

that the employee understood the training.

(i) Pre-startup safety review

(2) The pre-startup safety review shall confirm that prior to the 

introduction of highly hazardous chemicals to a process: 

(iv) Training of each employee involved in operating a process 

has been completed.

(j) Mechanical integrity

(3) Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall train 

each employee involved in maintaining the on-going integrity of 

process equipment in an overview of that process and its hazards 

and in the procedures applicable to the employee’s job tasks to assure 

that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe manner.
154 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(l) Management of change

(3) Employees involved in operating a process and maintenance and 

contract employees whose job tasks will be affected by a change 

in the process shall be informed of, and trained in, the change 

prior to start-up of the process or affected part of the process.

Appendix C to 1926.64 — Compliance Guidelines and Recommendations for 

Process Safety Management (Nonmandatory) 

This appendix serves as a nonmandatory guideline to assist employers and employees 

in complying with the requirements of this section, as well as provides other helpful 

recommendations and information. Examples presented in this appendix are not the 

only means of achieving the performance goals in the standard. This appendix neither 

adds nor detracts from the requirements of the standard.

2. Employee Involvement in Process Safety Management. Section 304 of the Clean 

Air Act Amendments states that employers are to consult with their employees 

and their representatives regarding the employers’ efforts in the development 

and implementation of the process safety management program elements and 

hazard assessments. Section 304 also requires employers to train and educate 

their employees and to inform affected employees of the findings from incident 

investigations required by the process safety management program. Many 

employers, under their safety and health programs, have already established means 

and methods to keep employees and their representatives informed about relevant 

safety and health issues and employers may be able to adapt these practices and 

procedures to meet their obligations under this standard. Employers who have not 

implemented an occupational safety and health program may wish to form a safety 

and health committee of employees and management representatives to help the 

employer meet the obligations specified by this standard. These committees can 

become a significant ally in helping the employer to implement and maintain an 

effective process safety management program for all employees.

3. Process Safety Information. Complete and accurate written information 

concerning process chemicals, process technology, and process equipment is 

essential to an effective process safety management program and to a process 

hazards analysis. The compiled information will be a necessary resource to a 

variety of users including the team that will perform the process hazards analysis 

as required under paragraph (e); those developing the training programs and 

the operating procedures; contractors whose employees will be working with the 

process; those conducting the pre-startup reviews; local emergency preparedness 

planners; and insurance and enforcement officials.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 155

Training Requirements

5. Operating Procedures and Practices

...Operating procedures and instructions are important for training operating 

personnel. The operating procedures are often viewed as the standard operating 

practices (SOPs) for operations. Control room personnel and operating staff, in 

general, need to have a full understanding of operating procedures. If workers are not 

fluent in English then procedures and instructions need to be prepared in a second 

language understood by the workers. In addition, operating procedures need to 

be changed when there is a change in the process as a result of the management of 

change procedures. The consequences of operating procedure changes need to be fully 

evaluated and the information conveyed to the personnel. For example, mechanical 

changes to the process made by the maintenance department (like changing a valve 

from steel to brass or other subtle changes) need to be evaluated to determine if 

operating procedures and practices also need to be changed. All management of 

change actions must be coordinated and integrated with current operating procedures 

and operating personnel must be oriented to the changes in procedures before the 

change is made. When the process is shut down in order to make a change, then the 

operating procedures must be updated before startup of the process.

Training in how to handle upset conditions must be accomplished as well as what 

operating personnel are to do in emergencies such as when a pump seal fails or 

a pipeline ruptures. Communication between operating personnel and workers 

performing work within the process area, such as nonroutine tasks, also must be 

maintained. The hazards of the tasks are to be conveyed to operating personnel in 

accordance with established procedures and to those performing the actual tasks. 

When the work is completed, operating personnel should be informed to provide 

closure on the job.

6. Employee Training. All employees, including maintenance and contractor 

employees, involved with highly hazardous chemicals need to fully understand 

the safety and health hazards of the chemicals and processes they work with for 

the protection of themselves, their fellow employees and the citizens of nearby 

communities. Training conducted in compliance with 1926.59, the Hazard 

Communication standard, will help employees to be more knowledgeable about 

the chemicals they work with as well as familiarize them with reading and 

understanding MSDS. However, additional training in subjects such as operating 

procedures and safety work practices, emergency evacuation and response, safety 

procedures, routine and nonroutine work authorization activities, and other areas 

pertinent to process safety and health will need to be covered by an employer’s 

training program.
156 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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In establishing their training programs, employers must clearly define the 

employees to be trained and what subjects are to be covered in their training. 

Employers in setting up their training program will need to clearly establish the 

goals and objectives they wish to achieve with the training that they provide to their 

employees. The learning goals or objectives should be written in clear measurable 

terms before the training begins. These goals and objectives need to be tailored 

to each of the specific training modules or segments. Employers should describe 

the important actions and conditions under which the employee will demonstrate 

competence or knowledge as well as what is acceptable performance.

Hands-on-training where employees are able to use their senses beyond listening, 

will enhance learning. For example, operating personnel, who will work in a 

control room or at control panels, would benefit by being trained at a simulated 

control panel or panels. Upset conditions of various types could be displayed on the 

simulator, and then the employee could go through the proper operating procedures 

to bring the simulator panel back to the normal operating parameters. A training 

environment could be created to help the trainee feel the full reality of the situation 

but, of course, under controlled conditions. This realistic type of training can be very 

effective in teaching employees correct procedures while allowing them to also see 

the consequences of what might happens if they do not follow established operating 

procedures. Other training techniques using videos or on-the-job training can also 

be very effective for teaching other job tasks, duties, or other important information. 

An effective training program will allow the employee to fully participate in the 

training process and to practice their skill or knowledge.

Employers need to periodically evaluate their training programs to see if the 

necessary skills, knowledge, and routines are being properly understood and 

implemented by their trained employees. The means or methods for evaluating the 

training should be developed along with the training program goals and objectives. 

Training program evaluation will help employers to determine the amount of 

training their employees understood, and whether the desired results were obtained. 

If, after the evaluation, it appears that the trained employees are not at the level of 

knowledge and skill that was expected, the employer will need to revise the training 

program, provide retraining, or provide more frequent refresher training sessions 

until the deficiency is resolved. Those who conducted the training and those who 

received the training should also be consulted as to how best to improve the training 

process. If there is a language barrier, the language known to the trainees should be 

used to reinforce the training messages and information.

Careful consideration must be given to assure that employees including 

maintenance and contract employees receive current and updated training. For 

example, if changes are made to a process, impacted employees must be trained 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 157

Training Requirements

in the changes and understand the effects of the changes on their job tasks (e.g., 

any new operating procedures pertinent to their tasks). Additionally, as already 

discussed the evaluation of the employee’s absorption of training will certainly 

influence the need for training.

8. Pre-Startup Safety

...For existing processes that have been shut down for turnaround, or modification, 

etc., the employer must assure that any changes other than “replacement in kind” 

made to the process during shutdown go through the management of change 

procedures. P&IDs will need to be updated as necessary, as well as operating 

procedures and instructions. If the changes made to the process during shutdown 

are significant and impact the training program, then operating personnel as well 

as employees engaged in routine and nonroutine work in the process area may 

need some refresher or additional training in light of the changes. Any incident 

investigation recommendations, compliance audits or PHA recommendations need 

to be reviewed as well to see what impacts they may have on the process before 

beginning the startup.

9. Mechanical Integrity. Employers will need to review their maintenance programs 

and schedules to see if there are areas where “breakdown” maintenance is used 

rather than an on-going mechanical integrity program. Equipment used to process, 

store, or handle highly hazardous chemicals needs to be designed, constructed, 

installed and maintained to minimize the risk of releases of such chemicals. This 

requires that a mechanical integrity program be in place to assure the continued 

integrity of process equipment. Elements of a mechanical integrity program 

include the identification and categorization of equipment and instrumentation, 

inspections and tests, testing and inspection frequencies, development of 

maintenance procedures, training of maintenance personnel, the establishment of 

criteria for acceptable test results, documentation of test and inspection results, and 

documentation of manufacturer recommendations as to meantime to failure for 

equipment and instrumentation.

... Appropriate training is to be provided to maintenance personnel to ensure that they 

understand the preventive maintenance program procedures, safe practices, and the 

proper use and application of special equipment or unique tools that may be required. 

This training is part of the overall training program called for in the standard.
158 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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11. Managing Change

... Employers may wish to develop a form or clearance sheet to facilitate the 

processing of changes through the management of change procedures. A typical 

change form may include a description and the purpose of the change, the technical 

basis for the change, safety and health considerations, documentation of changes for 

the operating procedures, maintenance procedures, inspection and testing, P&IDs, 

electrical classification, training and communications, pre-startup inspection, 

duration if a temporary change, approvals and authorization...

12. Investigation of Incidents. Incident investigation is the process of identifying the 

underlying causes of incidents and implementing steps to prevent similar events 

from occurring. The intent of an incident investigation is for employers to learn 

from past experiences and thus avoid repeating past mistakes. The incidents for 

which OSHA expects employers to become aware and to investigate are the types 

of events which result in or could reasonably have resulted in a catastrophic release. 

Some of the events are sometimes referred to as “near misses,” meaning that a 

serious consequence did not occur, but could have.

Employers need to develop in-house capability to investigate incidents that occur 

in their facilities. A team needs to be assembled by the employer and trained in 

the techniques of investigation including how to conduct interviews of witnesses, 

needed documentation and report writing. A multi-disciplinary team is better 

able to gather the facts of the event and to analyze them and develop plausible 

scenarios as to what happened, and why. Team members should be selected on the 

basis of their training, knowledge and ability to contribute to a team effort to fully 

investigate the incident. 

13. Emergency Preparedness. Each employer must address what actions employees 

are to take when there is an unwanted release of highly hazardous chemicals. 

Emergency preparedness or the employer’s tertiary (third) lines of defense are those 

that will be relied on along with the secondary lines of defense when the primary 

lines of defense which are used to prevent an unwanted release fail to stop the 

release. Employers will need to decide if they want employees to handle and stop 

small or minor incidental releases. Whether they wish to mobilize the available 

resources at the plant and have them brought to bear on a more significant release. 

Or whether employers want their employees to evacuate the danger area and 

promptly escape to a preplanned safe zone area, and allow the local community 

emergency response organizations to handle the release. Or whether the employer 

wants to use some combination of these actions. Employers will need to select how 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 159

Training Requirements

many different emergency preparedness or tertiary lines of defense they plan to 

have and then develop the necessary plans and procedures, and appropriately train 

employees in their emergency duties and responsibilities and then implement these 

lines of defense...

... If the employer wants specific employees in the release area to control or stop 

the minor emergency or incidental release, these actions must be planned for in 

advance and procedures developed and implemented. Preplanning for handling 

incidental releases for minor emergencies in the process area needs to be done, 

appropriate equipment for the hazards must be provided, and training conducted 

for those employees who will perform the emergency work before they respond to 

handle an actual release. The employer’s training program, including the Hazard 

Communication standard training is to address the training needs for employees 

who are expected to handle incidental or minor releases...

...Responders may be working under very hazardous conditions and therefore the 

objective is to have them competently led by an on-scene incident commander and 

the commander’s staff, properly equipped to do their assigned work safely, and fully 

trained to carry out their duties safely before they respond to an emergency. Drills, 

training exercises, or simulations with the local community emergency response 

planners and responder organizations is one means to obtain better preparedness. 

This close cooperation and coordination between plant and local community 

emergency preparedness managers will also aid the employer in complying with the 

Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Management Plan criteria...

14. Compliance Audits. Employers need to select a trained individual or assemble a 

trained team of people to audit the process safety management system and program. 

A small process or plant may need only one knowledgeable person to conduct 

an audit. The audit is to include an evaluation of the design and effectiveness of 

the process safety management system and a field inspection of the safety and 

health conditions and practices to verify that the employer’s systems are effectively 

implemented. The audit should be conducted or led by a person knowledgeable in 

audit techniques and who is impartial towards the facility or area being audited. The 

essential elements of an audit program include planning, staffing, conducting the 

audit, evaluation and corrective action, follow-up and documentation...

... The selection of effective audit team members is critical to the success of the 

program. Team members should be chosen for their experience, knowledge, and 

training and should be familiar with the processes and with auditing techniques, 

practices and procedures...
160 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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An effective audit includes a review of the relevant documentation and process 

safety information, inspection of the physical facilities, and interviews with all levels 

of plant personnel. Utilizing the audit procedure and checklist developed in the 

preplanning stage, the audit team can systematically analyze compliance with the 

provisions of the standard and any other corporate policies that are relevant. For 

example, the audit team will review all aspects of the training program as part of 

the overall audit. The team will review the written training program for adequacy 

of content, frequency of training, effectiveness of training in terms of its goals 

and objectives as well as to how it fits into meeting the standard’s requirements, 

documentation, etc. Through interviews, the team can determine the employee’s 

knowledge and awareness of the safety procedures, duties, rules, emergency 

response assignments, etc. During the inspection, the team can observe actual 

practices such as safety and health policies, procedures, and work authorization 

practices. This approach enables the team to identify deficiencies and determine 

where corrective actions or improvements are necessary.

1926.65 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response

(a) Definitions

(3) Qualified person means a person with specific training, 

knowledge and experience in the area for which the person has 

the responsibility and the authority to control.

(b) Safety and health program

Note to (b): Safety and health programs developed and implemented 

to meet other Federal, state, or local regulations are considered 

acceptable in meeting this requirement if they cover or are modified 

to cover the topics required in this paragraph. An additional or 

separate safety and health program is not required by this paragraph.

(1) General.

(i) Employers shall develop and implement a written safety and 

health program for their employees involved in hazardous 

waste operations. The program shall be designed to identify, 

evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide 

for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.

(ii) The written safety and health program shall incorporate 

the following:

(D) The safety and health training program [described in 

detail in Appendix C of 1926.65]

(a)(3); (b)(1)(i) and 

(ii)(D); (b)(3)(iv); 

(b)(4)(i), (ii)(B) and 

(C), and (iii); (c)(5)

(iv), (c)(7)(i) and (c)

(8); (e)(1) through 

(9); (g)(5)(vi); (i); (j)

(1)(vi); (k)(2)(i); (l)

(3)(iv); (p)(7); (p)

(8)(iii); and (iv)

(C); (q)(5) through 

(8) and (10), (11); 

Appendix C (1), (2) 

and (9); Appendix—

Training Curriculum 

Guidelines
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 161

Training Requirements

(3) Comprehensive workplan part of the site program. The 

comprehensive workplan part of the program shall address the 

tasks and objectives of the site operations and the logistics and 

resources required to reach those tasks and objectives.

(iv) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the 

implementation of the training required in paragraph (e) 

of this section.

(4) Site-specific safety and health plan part of the program. 

(i) General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept 

on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each 

phase of site operation and include the requirements and 

procedures for employee protection.

(ii) Elements. The site safety and health plan, as a minimum, 

shall address the following:

(B) Employee training assignments to assure compliance 

with paragraph (e) of this section

(C) Personal protective equipment to be used by 

employees for each of the site tasks and operations 

being conducted as required by the personal 

protective equipment program in paragraph (g)(5) of 

this section.

(iii) Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan 

shall provide for pre-entry briefings to be held prior to 

initiating any site activity, and at such other times as 

necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the 

site safety and health plan and that this plan is being 

followed. The information and data obtained from site 

characterization and analysis work required in paragraph 

(c) of this section shall be used to prepare and update the 

site safety and health plan.

(c) Site characterization and analysis

(5) Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment 

(PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in 

accordance with the following requirements:

(iv) Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the 

appropriate PPE shall be selected and used in accordance 

with paragraph (g) of this section. [See paragraph (g)(5)(vi) 

PPE training and proper fitting.]
162 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(7) Risk identification.

(i) Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous 

substances and health hazards have been established, 

the risks associated with these substances shall be 

identified. Employees who will be working on the site 

shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In 

situations covered by the Hazard Communication Standard, 

29 CFR 1926.59, training required by that standard need 

not be duplicated.

Note to (c)(7). Risks to consider include, but are not limited to:

(c)(7)(i)(a) Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits 

and published exposure levels.

(c)(7)(i)(b) IDLH concentrations.

(c)(7)(i)(c) Potential skin absorption and irritation sources.

(c)(7)(i)(d) Potential eye irritation sources.

(c)(7)(i)(e) Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges.

(c)(7)(i)(f) Oxygen deficiency.

(c) Site characterization and analysis

(8) Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, 

physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or 

expected to be present on site that is available to the employer 

and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform 

shall be made available to the affected employees prior to the 

commencement of their work activities. The employer may utilize 

information developed for the hazard communication standard for 

this purpose. [See 1910.1200 for training requirements.]

(e) Training

(1) General.

(i) All employees working on site (such as but not limited to 

equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed 

to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards 

and their supervisors and management responsible for the 

site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this 

paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous 

waste operations that could expose them to hazardous 

substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive 

review training as specified in this paragraph.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 163

Training Requirements

(ii) Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or 

supervise field activities until they have been trained to a 

level required by their job function and responsibility.

(2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover 

the following:

(i) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site 

safety and health;

(ii) Safety, health and other hazards present on the site;

(iii) Use of personal protective equipment;

(iv) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks 

from hazards;

(v) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;

(vi) Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of 

symptoms and signs which might indicate overexposure to 

hazards; and

(vii) The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety 

and health plan set forth in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.

(3) Initial training. 

(i) General site workers (such as equipment operators, general 

laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous 

substance removal or other activities which expose or 

potentially expose workers to hazardous substances and 

health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of 

instruction off the site, and a minimum of three days actual 

field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, 

experienced supervisor.

(ii) Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited 

task (such as, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, 

land surveying, or geo-physical surveying) and who are 

unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and 

published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 

hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one 

day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a 

trained, experienced supervisor.

(iii) Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been 

monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures 

are under permissible exposure limits and published 

exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the 
164 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

characterization indicates that there are no health hazards 

or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive 

a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site and the 

minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct 

supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iv) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by 

paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and 

who become general site workers or who are required to 

wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two 

days of training necessary to total the training specified in 

paragraph (e)(3)(i).

(4) Management and supervisor training. On-site management and 

supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees 

engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours 

initial training, and three days of supervised field experience 

(the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the only 

area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs 

(e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii)) and at least eight additional hours 

of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such 

topics as, but not limited to, the employer’s safety and health 

program and the associated employee training program, personal 

protective equipment program, spill containment program, and 

health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.

(5) Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct 

employees about the subject matter that is being presented in 

training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a 

training program for teaching the subjects they are expected 

to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and 

instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. 

Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and 

knowledge of the applicable subject matter.

(6) Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have 

received and successfully completed the training and field 

experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of 

this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head 

instructor and trained supervisor as having successfully 

completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be 

given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been 

so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph 

(e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from engaging in 

hazardous waste operations.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 165

Training Requirements

(7) Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding 

to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste cleanup sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be 

trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.

(8) Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this 

section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)

(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training 

annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) 

of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the 

past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and 

other relevant topics.

(9) Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation 

or certification that an employee’s work experience and/or training 

has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in 

paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be 

required to provide the initial training requirements of those 

paragraphs to such employees and shall provide a copy of the 

certification or documentation to the employee upon request. 

However, certified employees or employees with equivalent 

training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training 

before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience 

at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training 

or the training that existing employees might have already received 

from actual hazardous waste site work experience.

(g) Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective 

equipment for employee protection.

(5) Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. A written personal 

protective equipment program, which is part of the employer’s 

safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this 

section or required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section and which 

is also a part of the site-specific safety and health plan shall be 

established. The PPE program shall address the elements listed 

below. When elements, such as donning and doffing procedures, 

are provided by the manufacturer of a piece of equipment and 

are attached to the plan, they need not be rewritten into the plan 

as long as they adequately address the procedure or element.

(vi) PPE training and proper fitting

(i) Informational programs. Employers shall develop and implement a 

program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program 

required in paragraph (b) of this section, to inform employees, 
166 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

contractors, and subcontractors (or their representative) actually 

engaged in hazardous waste operations of the nature, level and degree 

of exposure likely as a result of participation in such hazardous waste 

operations. Employees, contractors and subcontractors working outside 

of the operations part of a site are not covered by this standard.

(j) Handling drums and containers

(1) General.

(vi) Prior to movement of drums or containers, all employees 

exposed to the transfer operation shall be warned of the 

potential hazards associated with the contents of the drums 

or containers.

(k) Decontamination

(2) Decontamination procedures.

(i) A decontamination procedure shall be developed, 

communicated to employees and implemented before any 

employees or equipment may enter areas on site where 

potential for exposure to hazardous substances exists.

(l) Emergency response by employees at uncontrolled hazardous 

waste sites

(3) Procedures for handling emergency incidents.

(iv) The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed regularly 

as part of the overall training program for site operations.

(p) Certain operations conducted under the Resource Conservation 

and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) 

(7) Training program.

(i) New employees. The employer shall develop and implement 

a training program, which is part of the employer’s safety 

and health program, for employees exposed to health 

hazards or hazardous substances at TSD operations to 

enable the employees to perform their assigned duties and 

functions in a safe and healthful manner so as not endanger 

themselves or other employees. The initial training shall 

be for 24 hours and refresher training shall be for eight 

hours annually. Employees who have received the initial 

training required by this paragraph shall be given a written 

certificate attesting that they have successfully completed 

the necessary training.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 167

Training Requirements

(ii) Current employees. Employers who can show by an 

employee’s previous work experience and/or training that the 

employee has had training equivalent to the initial training 

required by this paragraph, shall be considered as meeting 

the initial training requirements of this paragraph as to that 

employee. Equivalent training includes the training that 

existing employees might have already received from actual 

site work experience. Current employees shall receive eight 

hours of refresher training annually.

(iii) Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have 

satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the 

subjects they are expected to teach or they shall have the 

academic credentials and instruction experience necessary 

to demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of 

the courses and competent instructional skills.

(8) Emergency response program.

(iii) Training

(A) Training for emergency response employees shall be 

completed before they are called upon to perform 

in real emergencies. Such training shall include the 

elements of the emergency response plan, standard 

operating procedures the employer has established for 

the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn 

and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

Exception #1: An employer need not train all employees 

to the degree specified if the employer divides the 

work force in a manner such that a sufficient number 

of employees who have responsibility to control 

emergencies have the training specified, and all other 

employees, who may first respond to an emergency 

incident, have sufficient awareness training to recognize 

that an emergency response situation exists and that 

they are instructed in that case to summon the fully 

trained employees and not attempt control activities for 

which they are not trained.

Exception #2: An employer need not train all 

employees to the degree specified if arrangements 

have been made in advance for an outside fullytrained emergency response team to respond in a 

reasonable period and all employees, who may come 
168 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

to the incident first, have sufficient awareness training 

to recognize that an emergency response situation 

exists and they have been instructed to call the 

designated outside fully-trained emergency response 

team for assistance.

(B) Employee members of TSD facility emergency 

response organizations shall be trained to a level of 

competence in the recognition of health and safety 

hazards to protect themselves and other employees. 

This would include training in the methods used to 

minimize the risk from safety and health hazards; in 

the safe use of control equipment; in the selection and 

use of appropriate personal protective equipment; 

in the safe operating procedures to be used at the 

incident scene; in the techniques of coordination with 

other employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate 

response to over exposure from health hazards or 

injury to themselves and other employees; and in the 

recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result 

from over exposures.

(C) The employer shall certify that each covered employee 

has attended and successfully completed the training 

required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this section, 

or shall certify the employee’s competency at least 

yearly. The method used to demonstrate competency 

for certification of training shall be recorded and 

maintained by the employer.

(iv) Procedures for handling emergency incidents.

(C) The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed 

regularly as part of the overall training program for 

site operations.

(q) Emergency response to hazardous substance releases. This 

paragraph covers employers whose employees are engaged in 

emergency response no matter where it occurs except that it does not 

cover employees engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)

(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section. Those emergency response 

organizations who have developed and implemented programs 

equivalent to this paragraph for handling releases of hazardous 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 169

Training Requirements

substances pursuant to section 303 of the Superfund Amendments 

and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Emergency Planning and 

Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. 11003) shall be 

deemed to have met the requirements of this paragraph

(5) Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular 

job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific 

hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide 

technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release 

incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or 

demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.

(6) Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function 

to be performed by each responder of an emergency response 

organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all 

new responders, those hired after the effective date of this 

standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before 

they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operations 

on an incident. Employees who participate, or are expected to 

participate, in emergency response, shall be given training in 

accordance with the following paragraphs:

(i) First responder awareness level. First responders at the 

awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness 

or discover a hazardous substance release and who have 

been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by 

notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would 

take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of 

the release. First responders at the awareness level shall 

have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to 

objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:

(A) An understanding of what hazardous substances are, 

and the risks associated with them in an incident.

(B) An understanding of the potential outcomes 

associated with an emergency created when hazardous 

substances are present.

(C) The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous 

substances in an emergency.

(D) The ability to identify the hazardous substances, 

if possible.
170 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(E) An understanding of the role of the first responder 

awareness individual in the employer’s emergency 

response plan including site security and control and 

the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency 

Response Guidebook.

(F) The ability to realize the need for additional resources, 

and to make appropriate notifications to the 

communication center.

(ii) First responder operations level. First responders at the 

operations level are individuals who respond to releases 

or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the 

initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting 

nearby persons, property, or the environment from the 

effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a 

defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the 

release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe 

distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. 

First responders at the operational level shall have received 

at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient 

experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the 

following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness 

level and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment 

techniques.

(B) Know how to select and use proper personal 

protective equipment provided to the first responder 

operational level.

(C) An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.

(D) Know how to perform basic control, containment 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available with their unit.

(E) Know how to implement basic decontamination 

procedures.

(F) An understanding of the relevant standard operating 

procedures and termination procedures.

(iii) Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials 

technicians are individuals who respond to releases or 

potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 171

Training Requirements

They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder 

at the operations level in that they will approach the point 

of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the 

release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials 

technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training 

equal to the first responder operations level and in 

addition have competency in the following areas and the 

employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency 

response plan.

(B) Know the classification, identification and verification 

of known and unknown materials by using field 

survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Be able to function within an assigned role in the 

Incident Command System.

(D) Know how to select and use proper specialized 

chemical personal protective equipment provided to 

the hazardous materials technician.

(E) Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(F) Be able to perform advance control, containment, 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available with the unit.

(G) Understand and implement decontamination 

procedures.

(H) Understand termination procedures.

(I) Understand basic chemical and toxicological 

terminology and behavior. 

(iv) Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials 

specialists are individuals who respond with and provide 

support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties 

parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, 

however, those duties require a more directed or specific 

knowledge of the various substances they may be called 

upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would 

also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and 

other government authorities in regards to site activities. 

Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 
172 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in 

addition have competency in the following areas and the 

employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the local emergency 

response plan.

(B) Understand classification, identification and 

verification of known and unknown materials by 

using advanced survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Know of the state emergency response plan.

(D) Be able to select and use proper specialized chemical 

personal protective equipment provided to the 

hazardous materials specialist.

(E) Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques.

(F) Be able to perform specialized control, containment, 

and/or confinement operations within the capabilities 

of the resources and personal protective equipment 

available.

(G) Be able to determine and implement decontamination 

procedures.

(H) Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.

(I) Understand chemical, radiological and toxicological 

terminology and behavior. 

(v) On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who 

will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first 

responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of 

training equal to the first responder operations level and in 

addition have competency in the following areas and the 

employer shall so certify:

(A) Know and be able to implement the employer’s 

incident command system.

(B) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency 

response plan.

(C) Know and understand the hazards and risks associated 

with employees working in chemical protective clothing.

(D) Know how to implement the local emergency 

response plan.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 173

Training Requirements

(E) Know of the state emergency response plan and of the 

Federal Regional Response Team.

(F) Know and understand the importance of 

decontamination procedures.

(7) Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have 

satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects 

they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. 

National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or 

academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to 

demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command 

of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.

(8) Refresher training. 

(i) Those employees who are trained in accordance with 

paragraph (q)(6) of this section shall receive annual 

refresher training of sufficient content and duration 

to maintain their competencies, or shall demonstrate 

competency in those areas at least yearly.

(ii) A statement shall be made of the training or competency, and 

if a statement of competency is made, the employer shall keep 

a record of the methodology used to demonstrate competency.

(10) Chemical protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing and 

equipment to be used by organized and designated HAZMAT 

team members, or to be used by hazardous materials specialists, 

shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(3) through (5) of 

this section. [SEE: 1926.65(g)(5)(vi) for PPE training and fitting.]

(11) Post-emergency response operations. Upon completion of the 

emergency response, if it is determined that it is necessary to 

remove hazardous substances, health hazards, and materials 

contaminated with them (such as contaminated soil or other 

elements of the natural environment) from the site of the 

incident, the employer conducting the clean-up shall comply 

with one of the following:

(i) Meet all of the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (o) 

of this section; or

(ii) Where the clean-up is done on plant property using plant or 

workplace employees, such employees shall have completed 

the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1926.35, 

1926.59, and 1926.103, and other appropriate safety and health 

training made necessary by the tasks that they are expected 
174 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

to be performed such as personal protective equipment and 

decontamination procedures. All equipment to be used in 

the performance of the clean-up work shall be in serviceable 

condition and shall have been inspected prior to use.

Appendix C to 1926.65—Compliance Guidelines

1. Occupational Safety and Health Program. Each hazardous waste site clean-up effort 

will require an occupational safety and health program headed by the site coordinator 

or the employer’s representative. The purpose of the program will be the protection 

of employees at the site and will be an extension of the employer’s overall safety and 

health program. The program will need to be developed before work begins on the 

site and implemented as work proceeds as stated in paragraph (b). The program 

is to facilitate coordination and communication of safety and health issues among 

personnel responsible for the various activities which will take place at the site. It 

will provide the overall means for planning and implementing the needed safety and 

health training and job orientation of employees who will be working at the site. The 

program will provide the means for identifying and controlling worksite hazards and 

the means for monitoring program effectiveness. The program will need to cover 

the responsibilities and authority of the site coordinator or the employer’s manager 

on the site for the safety and health of employees at the site, and the relationships 

with contractors or support services as to what each employer’s safety and health 

responsibilities are for their employees on the site. Each contractor on the site needs 

to have its own safety and health program so structured that it will smoothly interface 

with the program of the site coordinator or principal contractor.

Also those employers involved with treating, storing or disposal of hazardous waste 

as covered in paragraph (p) must have implemented a safety and health program 

for their employees. This program is to include the hazard communication program 

required in paragraph (p)(1) and the training required in paragraphs (p)(7) and (p)

(8) as parts of the employer’s comprehensive overall safety and health program. This 

program is to be in writing.

Each site or workplace safety and health program will need to include the following: 

(1) Policy statements of the line of authority and accountability for implementing 

the program, the objectives of the program and the role of the site safety and health 

supervisor or manager and staff; (2) means or methods for the development of 

procedures for identifying and controlling workplace hazards at the site; (3) means or 

methods for the development and communication to employees of the various plans, 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 175

Training Requirements

work rules, standard operating procedures and practices that pertain to individual 

employees and supervisors; (4) means for the training of supervisors and employees 

to develop the needed skills and knowledge to perform their work in a safe and 

healthful manner; (5) means to anticipate and prepare for emergency situations; and 

(6) means for obtaining information feedback to aid in evaluating the program and 

for improving the effectiveness of the program. The management and employees 

should be trying continually to improve the effectiveness of the program thereby 

enhancing the protection being afforded those working on the site.

Accidents on the site or workplace should be investigated to provide information on 

how such occurrences can be avoided in the future. When injuries or illnesses occur 

on the site or workplace, they will need to be investigated to determine what needs 

to be done to prevent this incident from occurring again. Such information will 

need to be used as feedback on the effectiveness of the program and the information 

turned into positive steps to prevent any recurrence. Receipt of employee suggestions 

or complaints relating to safety and health issues involved with site or workplace 

activities is also a feedback mechanism that can be used effectively to improve the 

program and may serve in part as an evaluative tool(s).

For the development and implementation of the program to be the most effective, 

professional safety and health personnel should be used. Certified Safety 

Professionals, Board Certified Industrial Hygienists or Registered Professional Safety 

Engineers are good examples of professional stature for safety and health managers 

who will administer the employer’s program.

2. Training. The training programs for employees subject to the requirements of 

paragraph (e) of this standard should address: the safety and health hazards 

employees should expect to find on hazardous waste clean-up sites; what control 

measures or techniques are effective for those hazards; what monitoring procedures 

are effective in characterizing exposure levels; what makes an effective employer’s 

safety and health program; what a site safety and health plan should include; hands 

on training with personal protective equipment and clothing they may be expected 

to use; the contents of the OSHA standard relevant to the employee’s duties and 

function; and, employee’s responsibilities under OSHA and other regulations. 

Supervisors will need training in their responsibilities under the safety and health 

program and its subject areas such as the spill containment program, the personal 

protective equipment program, the medical surveillance program, the emergency 

response plan and other areas.
176 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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The training programs for employees subject to the requirements of paragraph (p) 

of this standard should address: the employer’s safety and health program elements 

impacting employees; the hazard communication program; the medical surveillance 

program; the hazards and the controls for such hazards that employees need to know 

for their job duties and functions. All require annual refresher training.

The training programs for employees covered by the requirements of paragraph 

(q) of this standard should address those competencies required for the various 

levels of response such as: the hazards associated with hazardous substances; hazard 

identification and awareness; notification of appropriate persons; the need for and use of 

personal protective equipment including respirators; the decontamination procedures 

to be used; preplanning activities for hazardous substance incidents including the 

emergency reponse plan; company standard operating procedures for hazardous 

substance emergency responses; the use of the incident command system and other 

subjects. Hands-on training should be stressed whenever possible. Critiques done after 

an incident which include an evaluation of what worked and what did not and how 

could the incident be better handled the next time may be counted as training time.

For hazardous materials specialists (usually members of hazardous materials teams), 

the training should address the care, use and/or testing of chemical protective 

clothing including totally encapsulating suits, the medical surveillance program, the 

standard operating procedures for the hazardous materials team including the use of 

plugging and patching equipment and other subject areas.

Officers and leaders who may be expected to be in charge at an incident should be 

fully knowledgeable of their company’s incident command system. They should know 

where and how to obtain additional assistance and be familiar with the local district’s 

emergency response plan and the state emergency response plan.

Specialist employees such as technical experts, medical experts or environmental 

experts that work with hazardous materials in their regular jobs, who may be sent to 

the incident scene by the shipper, manufacturer or governmental agency to advise 

and assist the person in charge of the incident should have training on an annual 

basis. Their training should include the care and use of personal protective equipment 

including respirators; knowledge of the incident command system and how they are 

to relate to it; and those areas needed to keep them current in their respective field as 

it relates to safety and health involving specific hazardous substances.

Those skilled support personnel, such as employees who work for public works 

departments or equipment operators who operate bulldozers, sand trucks, backhoes, 

etc., who may be called to the incident scene to provide emergency support 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 177

Training Requirements

assistance, should have at least a safety and health briefing before entering the area 

of potential or actual exposure. These skilled support personnel, who have not been 

a part of the emergency response plan and do not meet the training requirements, 

should be made aware of the hazards they face and should be provided all necessary 

protective clothing and equipment required for their tasks.

There are two National Fire Protection Association standards, NFPA 472—“Standard 

for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Material Incidents” 

and NFPA 471—“Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Material 

Incidents,” which are excellent resource documents to aid fire departments and 

other emergency response organizations in developing their training program 

materials. NFPA 472 provides guidance on the skills and knowledge needed for first 

responder awareness level, first responder operations level, hazmat technicians, and 

hazmat specialist. It also offers guidance for the officer corp that will be in charge of 

hazardous substance incidents.

9. New Technology and Spill Containment Programs.

...All workers performing hazardous substance spill control work are expected to 

wear the proper protective clothing and equipment for the materials present and to 

follow the employer’s established standard operating procedures for spill control. All 

involved workers need to be trained in the established operating procedures; in the 

use and care of spill control equipment; and in the associated hazards and control of 

such hazards of spill containment work.

Appendix [E] to 1926.65 — Training Curriculum Guidelines

The following non-mandatory general criteria may be used for assistance in developing 

site-specific training curriculum used to meet the training requirements of 29 CFR 

1926.65(e); 29 CFR 1926.65(p)(7), (p)(8)(iii); and 29 CFR 1926.65(q)(6), (q)(7), and 

(q)(8). These are generic guidelines and they are not presented as a complete training 

curriculum for any specific employer. Site-specific training programs must be developed 

on the basis of a needs assessment of the hazardous waste site, RCRA/TSDF, or 

emergency response operation in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.65.

It is noted that the legal requirements are set forth in the regulatory text of 1926.65. The 

guidance set forth here presents a highly effective program that in the areas covered 

would meet or exceed the regulatory requirements. In addition, other approaches could 

meet the regulatory requirements.
178 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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Suggested General Criteria

Definitions: 

Competent means possessing the skills, knowledge, experience, and judgment to 

perform assigned tasks or activities satisfactorily as determined by the employer.

Demonstration means the showing by actual use of equipment or procedures.

Hands-on training means training in a simulated work environment that permits each 

student to have experience performing tasks, making decisions, or using equipment 

appropriate to the job assignment for which the training is being conducted.

Initial training means training required prior to beginning work.

Lecture means an interactive discourse with a class lead by an instructor.

Proficient means meeting a stated level of achievement.

Site-specific means individual training directed to the operations of a specific job site.

Training hours means the number of hours devoted to lecture, learning activities, small 

group work sessions, demonstration, evaluations, or hands-on experience.

Suggested Core Criteria: 

1. Training facility. The training facility should have available sufficient resources, 

equipment, and site locations to perform didactic and hands-on training when 

appropriate. Training facilities should have sufficient organization, support staff, and 

services to conduct training in each of the courses offered.

2. Training Director. Each training program should be under the direction of a training 

director who is responsible for the program. The Training Director should have a 

minimum of two years of employee education experience.

3. Instructors. Instructors should be deem competent on the basis of previous 

documented experience in their area of instruction, successful completion of a 

“train-the-trainer” program specific to the topics they will teach, and an evaluation 

of instructional competence by the Training Director.

Instructors should be required to maintain professional competency by participating in 

continuing education or professional development programs or by completing successfully 

an annual refresher course and having an annual review by the Training Director.

The annual review by the Training Director should include observation of an 

instructor’s delivery, a review of those observations with the trainer, and an analysis of 

any instructor or class evaluations completed by the students during the previous year.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 179

Training Requirements

4. Course materials. The Training Director should approve all course materials to be 

used by the training provider. Course materials should be reviewed and updated 

at least annually. Materials and equipment should be in good working order and 

maintained properly.

All written and audio-visual materials in training curricula should be peer reviewed 

by technically competent outside reviewers or by a standing advisory committee.

Reviews should possess expertise in the following disciplines were applicable: 

occupational health, industrial hygiene and safety, chemical/environmental 

engineering, employee education, or emergency response. One or more of the peer 

reviewers should be a employee experienced in the work activities to which the 

training is directed.

5. Students. The program for accepting students should include:

a. Assurance that the student is or will be involved in work where chemical 

exposures are likely and that the student possesses the skills necessary to 

perform the work.

b. A policy on the necessary medical clearance.

6. Ratios. Student-instructor ratios should not exceed 30 students per instructor. 

Hands-on activity requiring the use of personal protective equipment should have 

the following student-instructor ratios. For Level C or Level D personal protective 

equipment the ratio should be 10 students per instructor. For Level A or Level B 

personal protective equipment the ratio should be 5 students per instructor.

7. Proficiency assessment. Proficiency should be evaluated and documented by the 

use of a written assessment and a skill demonstration selected and developed by 

the Training Director and training staff. The assessment and demonstration should 

evaluate the knowledge and individual skills developed in the course of training. The 

level of minimum achievement necessary for proficiency shall be specified in writing 

by the Training Director.

If a written test is used, there should be a minimum of 50 questions. If a written 

test is used in combination with a skills demonstration, a minimum of 25 questions 

should be used. If a skills demonstration is used, the tasks chosen and the means to 

rate successful completion should be fully documented by the Training Director.

The content of the written test or of the skill demonstration shall be relevant to the 

objectives of the course. The written test and skill demonstration should be updated 

as necessary to reflect changes in the curriculum and any update should be approved 

by the Training Director.

The proficiency assessment methods, regardless of the approach or combination of 

approaches used, should be justified, document and approved by the Training Director.
180 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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The proficiency of those taking the additional courses for supervisors should be 

evaluated and document by using proficiency assessment methods acceptable to the 

Training Director. These proficiency assessment methods must reflect the additional 

responsibilities borne by supervisory personnel in hazardous waste operations or 

emergency response.

8. Course certificate. Written documentation should be provided to each student who 

satisfactorily completes the training course. The documentation should include:

a. Student’s name.

b. Course title.

c. Course date.

d. Statement that the student has successfully completed the course.

e. Name and address of the training provider.

f. An individual identification number for the certificate.

g. List of the levels of personal protective equipment used by the student to 

complete the course.

This documentation may include a certificate and an appropriate wallet-sized 

laminated card with a photograph of the student and the above information. When 

such course certificate cards are used, the individual identification number for the 

training certificate should be shown on the card.

9. Recordkeeping. Training providers should maintain records listing the dates 

courses were presented, the names of the individual course attenders, the names 

of those students successfully completing each course, and the number of training 

certificates issued to each successful student. These records should be maintained 

for a minimum of five years after the date an individual participated in a training 

program offered by the training provider. These records should be available and 

provided upon the student’s request or as mandated by law.

10. Program quality control. The Training Director should conduct or direct an 

annual written audit of the training program. Program modifications to address 

deficiencies, if any, should be documented, approved, and implemented by the 

training provider. The audit and the program modification documents should be 

maintained at the training facility.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 181

Training Requirements

Suggested Program Quality Control Criteria 

Factors listed here are suggested criteria for determining the quality and appropriateness of 

employee health and safety training for hazardous waste operations and emergency response.

A. Training Plan

Adequacy and appropriateness of the training program’s curriculum development, 

instructor training, distribution of course materials, and direct student training 

should be considered, including:

1. The duration of training, course content, and course schedules/agendas;

2. The different training requirements of the various target populations, as specified 

in the appropriate generic training curriculum;

3. The process for the development of curriculum, which includes appropriate 

technical input, outside review, evaluation, program pretesting;

4. The adequate and appropriate inclusion of hands-on, demonstration, and 

instruction methods;

5. Adequate monitoring of student safety, progress, and performance during the 

training.

B. Program management, Training Director, staff, and consultants

Adequacy and appropriateness of staff performance and delivering an effective 

training program should be considered, including:

1. Demonstration of the training director’s leadership in assuring quality of health 

and safety training.

2. Demonstration of the competency of the staff to meet the demands of delivering 

high quality hazardous waste employee health and safety training.

3. Organization charts establishing clear lines of authority.

4. Clearly defined staff duties including the relationship of the training staff to the 

overall program.

5. Evidence that the training organizational structure suits the needs of the training 

program.

6. Appropriateness and adequacy of the training methods used by the instructors.

7. Sufficiency of the time committed by the training director and staff to the training 

program.

8. Adequacy of the ratio of training staff to students.
182 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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9. Availability and commitment of the training program of adequate human and 

equipment resources in the areas of —

a. Health effects

b. Safety

c. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

d. Operational procedures

e. Employee protection practices/procedures

10. Appropriateness of management controls.

11. Adequacy of the organization and appropriate resources assigned to assure 

appropriate training.

12. In the case of multiple-site training programs, adequacy of satellite centers management.

C. Training facilities and resources

Adequacy and appropriateness of the facilities and resources for supporting the 

training program should be considered, including:

1. Space and equipment to conduct the training.

2. Facilities for representative hands-on training.

3. In the case of multiple-site programs, equipment and facilities at the satellite centers.

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to 

account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program to 

ensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the 

quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student evaluations to provide 

feedback for training program improvement.

D. Quality control and evaluation

Adequacy and appropriateness of quality control and evaluation plans for training 

programs should be considered, including:

1. A balanced advisory committee and/or competent outside reviewers to give 

overall policy guidance;

2. Clear and adequate definition of the composition and active programmatic role 

of the advisory committee or outside reviewers.

3. Adequacy of the minutes or reports of the advisory committee or outside 

reviewers’ meetings or written communication.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 183

Training Requirements

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to 

account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program to 

ensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the 

quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student evaluations to provide 

feedback for training program improvement.

E. Students 

Adequacy and appropriateness of the program for accepting students should be 

considered, including:

1. Assurance that the student already possesses the necessary skills for their job, 

including necessary documentation.

2. Appropriateness of methods the program uses to ensure that recruits are capable 

of satisfactorily completing training.

3. Review and compliance with any medical clearance policy.

F. Institutional Environment and Administrative Support 

The adequacy and appropriateness of the institutional environment and administrative 

support system for the training program should be considered, including

1. Adequacy of the institutional commitment to the employee training program.

2. Adequacy and appropriateness of the administrative structure and administrative 

support.

G. Summary of Evaluation Questions 

Key questions for evaluating the quality and appropriateness of an overall training 

program should include the following:

1. Are the program objectives clearly stated?

2. Is the program accomplishing its objectives?

3. Are appropriate facilities and staff available?

4. Is there an appropriate mix of classroom, demonstration, and hands-on training?

5. Is the program providing quality employee health and safety training that fully 

meets the intent of regulatory requirements?

6. What are the program’s main strengths?

7. What are the program’s main weaknesses?
184 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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8. What is recommended to improve the program?

9. Are instructors instructing according to their training outlines?

10. Is the evaluation tool current and appropriate for the program content?

11. Is the course material current and relevant to the target group?

Suggested Training Curriculum Guidelines 

The following training curriculum guidelines are for those operations specifically identified 

in 29 CFR 1926.65 as requiring training. Issues such as qualifications of instructors, training 

certification, and similar criteria appropriate to all categories of operations addressed in 

1926.65 have been covered in the preceding section and are not re-addressed in each of the 

generic guidelines. Basic core requirements for training programs that are addressed include:

1. General Hazardous Waste Operations

2. RCRA operations—Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities

3. Emergency Response

A. General Hazardous Waste Operations and Site-specific Training 

1. Off-site training

Minimum training course content for hazardous waste operations, required by 

29 CFR 1926.65(e), should include the following topics or procedures:

a. Regulatory knowledge

(1) A review of 29 CFR 1926.65 and the core elements of an occupational 

safety and health program.

(2) The content of a medical surveillance program as outlined in 29 CFR 

1926.65(f).

(3) The content of an effective site safety and health plan consistent with the 

requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(b)(4)(ii).

(4) Emergency response plan and procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 

1910.38 and 29 CFR 1926.65(l).

(5) Adequate illumination.

(6) Sanitation recommendation and equipment.

(7) Review and explanation of OSHA’s hazard-communication standard (29 

CFR 1910.1200) and lock-out-tag-out standard (29 CFR 1910.147).

(8) Review of other applicable standards including but not limited to those 

in the construction standards (29 CFR part 1926).

(9) Rights and responsibilities of employers and employees under 

applicable OSHA and EPA laws.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 185

Training Requirements

b. Technical knowledge

(1) Type of potential exposures to chemical, biological, and radiological 

hazards; types of human responses to these hazards and recognition of 

those responses; principles of toxicology and information about acute and 

chronic hazards; health and safety considerations of new technology.

(2) Fundamentals of chemical hazards including but not limited to 

vapor pressure, boiling points, flash points, ph, other physical and 

chemical properties.

(3) Fire and explosion hazards of chemicals.

(4) General safety hazards such as but not limited to electrical hazards, 

powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, walking-working 

surface hazards, excavation hazards, and hazards associated with 

working in hot and cold temperature extremes.

(5) Review and knowledge of confined space entry procedures in 29 CFR 

1910.146.

(6) Work practices to minimize employee risk from site hazards.

(7) Safe use of engineering controls, equipment, and any new relevant 

safety technology or safety procedures.

(8) Review and demonstration of competency with air sampling and 

monitoring equipment that may be used in a site monitoring program.

(9) Container sampling procedures and safeguarding; general drum and 

container handling procedures including special requirement for 

laboratory waste packs, shock-sensitive wastes, and radioactive wastes.

(10) The elements of a spill control program.

(11) Proper use and limitations of material handling equipment.

(12) Procedures for safe and healthful preparation of containers for shipping 

and transport.

(13) Methods of communication including those used while wearing 

respiratory protection.

c. Technical skills

(1) Selection, use maintenance, and limitations of personal protective 

equipment including the components and procedures for carrying out a 

respirator program to comply with 29 CFR 1910.134.

(2) Instruction in decontamination programs including personnel, 

equipment, and hardware; hands-on training including level A, B, and 

C ensembles and appropriate decontamination lines; field activities 
186 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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including the donning and doffing of protective equipment to a level 

commensurate with the employee’s anticipated job function and 

responsibility and to the degree required by potential hazards.

(3) Sources for additional hazard information; exercises using relevant 

manuals and hazard coding systems.

d. Additional suggested items

(1) A laminated, dated card or certificate with photo, denoting limitations 

and level of protection for which the employee is trained should be 

issued to those students successfully completing a course.

(2) Attendance should be required at all training modules, with successful 

completion of exercises and a final written or oral examination with at 

least 50 questions.

(3) A minimum of one-third of the program should be devoted to handson exercises.

(4) A curriculum should be established for the 8-hour refresher training 

required by 29 CFR 1926.65(e)(8), with delivery of such courses 

directed toward those areas of previous training that need improvement 

or reemphasis.

(5) A curriculum should be established for the required 8-hour training 

for supervisors. Demonstrated competency in the skills and 

knowledge provided in a 40-hour course should be a prerequisite for 

supervisor training.

2. Refresher training. The 8-hour annual refresher training required in 29 CFR 

1926.65(e)(8) should be conducted by qualified training providers. Refresher 

training should include at a minimum the following topics and procedures:

(a) Review of and retraining on relevant topics covered in the 40-hour program, 

as appropriate, using reports by the students on their work experiences.

(b) Update on developments with respect to material covered in the 40-hour course.

(c) Review of changes to pertinent provisions of EPA or OSHA standards or laws.

(d) Introduction of additional subject areas as appropriate.

(e) Hands-on review of new or altered PPE or decontamination equipment or 

procedures. Review of new developments in personal protective equipment.

(f) Review of newly developed air and contaminant monitoring equipment.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 187

Training Requirements

3. On-site training

a. The employer should provide employees engaged in hazardous waste site 

activities with information and training prior to initial assignment into their 

work area, as follows:

(1) The requirements of the hazard communication program including 

the location and availability of the written program, required lists of 

hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets.

(2) Activities and locations in their work area where hazardous substance 

may be present.

(3) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or 

release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such as monitoring 

conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual 

appearances, or other evidence (sight, sound or smell) of hazardous 

chemicals being released, and applicable alarms from monitoring 

devices that record chemical releases).

(4) The physical and health hazards of substances known or potentially 

present in the work area.

(5) The measures employees can take to help protect themselves from work-site 

hazards, including specific procedures the employer has implemented.

(6) An explanation of the labeling system and material safety data sheets 

and how employees can obtain and use appropriate hazard information.

(7) The elements of the confined space program including special PPE, 

permits, monitoring requirements, communication procedures, 

emergency response, and applicable lock-out procedures.

b. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information and 

training and should provide a review and access to the site safety and plan 

as follows:

(1) Names of personnel and alternate responsible for site safety and health.

(2) Safety and health hazards present on the site.

(3) Selection, use, maintenance, and limitations of personal protective 

equipment specific to the site.

(4) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards.

(5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on site.
188 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize employee 

contact with hazardous substances, including:

(A) Employee decontamination,

(B) Clothing decontamination, and

(C) Equipment decontamination.

(7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including:

(A) Pre-emergency planning.

(B) Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication.

(C) Emergency recognition and prevention.

(D) Safe distances and places of refuge.

(E) Site security and control.

(F) Evacuation routes and procedures.

(G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety and 

health plan.

(H) Emergency medical treatment and first aid.

(I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling 

emergency incidents.

c. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information 

and training on personal protective equipment used at the site, such as 

the following:

(1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards.

(2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations during 

temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical 

considerations; use and limitations of respirator equipment as well as 

documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134.

(3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use.

(4) PPE donning and doffing procedures.

(5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures.

(6) PPE maintenance and storage.

(7) Task duration as related to PPE limitations.

d. The employer should instruct the employee about the site medical 

surveillance program relative to the particular site, including:

(1) Specific medical surveillance programs that have been adapted for the site.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 189

Training Requirements

(2) Specific signs and symptoms related to exposure to hazardous materials 

on the site.

(3) The frequency and extent of periodic medical examinations that will be 

used on the site.

(4) Maintenance and availability of records.

(5) Personnel to be contacted and procedures to be followed when signs 

and symptoms of exposures are recognized.

e. The employees will review and discuss the site safety plan as part of the 

training program. The location of the site safety plan and all written 

programs should be discussed with employees including a discussion of the 

mechanisms for access, review, and references described.

B. RCRA Operations Training for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

1. As a minimum, the training course required in 29 CFR 1926.65 (p) should 

include the following topics:

(a) Review of the applicable paragraphs of 29 CFR 1926.65 and the elements of 

the employer’s occupational safety and health plan.

(b) Review of relevant hazards such as, but not limited to, chemical, biological, 

and radiological exposures; fire and explosion hazards; thermal extremes; 

and physical hazards.

(c) General safety hazards including those associated with electrical hazards, 

powered equipment hazards, lockout/tagout procedures, motor vehicle 

hazards and walking-working surface hazards.

(d) Confined-space hazards and procedures.

(e) Work practices to minimize employee risk from workplace hazards.

(f) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid meeting the 

requirements of paragraph (p)(8).

(g) A review of procedures to minimize exposure to hazardous waste and 

various type of waste streams, including the materials handling program and 

spill containment program.

(h) A review of hazard communication programs meeting the requirements of 

29 CFR 1910.1200.

(i) A review of medical surveillance programs meeting the requirements of 

29 CFR 1926.65(p)(3) including the recognition of signs and symptoms of 

overexposure to hazardous substance including known synergistic interactions.
190 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(j) A review of decontamination programs and procedures meeting the 

requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(p)(4).

(k) A review of an employer’s requirements to implement a training program 

and its elements.

(l) A review of the criteria and programs for proper selection and use of 

personal protective equipment, including respirators.

(m) A review of the applicable appendices to 29 CFR 1926.65.

(n) Principles of toxicology and biological monitoring as they pertain to 

occupational health.

(o) Rights and responsibilities of employees and employers under applicable 

OSHA and EPA laws.

(p) Hands-on exercises and demonstrations of competency with equipment 

to illustrate the basic equipment principles that may be used during the 

performance of work duties, including the donning and doffing of PPE.

(q) Sources of reference, efficient use of relevant manuals, and knowledge of hazard 

coding systems to include information contained in hazardous waste manifests.

(r) At least 8 hours of hands-on training.

(s) Training in the job skills required for an employee’s job function and responsibility 

before they are permitted to participate in or supervise field activities.

2. The individual employer should provide hazardous waste employees with 

information and training prior to an employee’s initial assignment into a work 

area. The training and information should cover the following topics:

(a) The Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid.

(b) A review of the employer’s hazardous waste handling procedures including 

the materials handling program and elements of the spill containment 

program, location of spill response kits or equipment, and the names of 

those trained to respond to releases.

(c) The hazardous communication program meeting the requirements of 29 

CFR 1910.1200.

(d) A review of the employer’s medical surveillance program including the 

recognition of signs and symptoms of exposure to relevant hazardous 

substances including known synergistic interactions.

(e) A review of the employer’s decontamination program and procedures.

(f) A review of the employer’s training program and the parties responsible for 

that program.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 191

Training Requirements

(g) A review of the employer’s personal protective equipment program including 

the proper selection and use of PPE based upon specific site hazards.

(h) All relevant site-specific procedures addressing potential safety and health 

hazards. This may include, as appropriate, biological and radiological 

exposures, fire and explosion hazards, thermal hazards, and physical hazards 

such as electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, lockout/tagout 

hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(i) Safe use engineering controls and equipment on site.

(j) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for safety and health.

C. Emergency response training

 Federal OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1926.65(q) are directed toward private sector 

emergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the 

appendix are directed toward that employee population. However, they also impact 

indirectly through State OSHA or USEPA regulations some public sector emergency 

responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the appendix may 

be applied to both employee populations.

 States with OSHA state plans must cover their employees with regulations at least as 

effective as the Federal OSHA standards. Public employees in states without approved 

state OSHA programs covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response are 

covered by the U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 311, a regulation virtually identical to 1926.65.

 Since this is a non-mandatory appendix and therefore not an enforceable standard, 

OSHA recommends that those employers, employees or volunteers in public sector 

emergency response organizations outside Federal OSHA jurisdiction consider the 

following criteria in developing their own training programs. A unified approach to 

training at the community level between emergency response organizations covered 

by Federal OSHA and those not covered directly by Federal OSHA can help ensure 

an effective community response to the release or potential release of hazardous 

substances in the community.

a. General considerations

Emergency response organizations are required to consider the topics listed in 

1926.65(q)(6). Emergency response organizations may use some or all of the 

following topics to supplement those mandatory topics when developing their 

response training programs. Many of the topics would require an interaction 

between the response provider and the individuals responsible for the site where 

the response would be expected.
192 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(1) Hazard recognition, including:

(A) Nature of hazardous substances present,

(B) Practical applications of hazard recognition, including 

presentations on biology, chemistry, and physics.

(2) Principles of toxicology, biological monitoring, and risk assessment.

(3) Safe work practices and general site safety.

(4) Engineering controls and hazardous waste operations.

(5) Site safety plans and standard operating procedures.

(6) Decontamination procedures and practices.

(7) Emergency procedures, first aid, and self-rescue.

(8) Safe use of field equipment.

(9) Storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous substances.

(10) Use, care, and limitations of personal protective equipment.

(11) Safe sampling techniques.

(12) Rights and responsibilities of employees under OSHA and other related 

laws concerning right-to-know, safety and health, compensations and 

liability.

(13) Medical monitoring requirements.

(14) Community relations.

b. Suggested criteria for specific courses

(1) First responder awareness level.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s 

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) and familiarization with 

OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.60.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to 

determine both the hazardous substances present and the basic hazard 

and response information for each hazardous substance present.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing actions consistent with the 

local emergency response plan, the organization’s standard operating 

procedures, and the current edition of DOT’s ERG including 

emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 193

Training Requirements

(E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment 

hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(F) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First 

Responder at the Awareness Level covered in the National Fire 

Protection Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence 

of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(2) First responder operations level.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s 

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material 

safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or 

manufacturer contacts and other relevant sources of information 

addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with 

OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.60.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to 

determine the hazardous substances present, the likely behavior of the 

hazardous substance and its container, the types of hazardous substance 

transportation containers and vehicles, the types and selection of 

the appropriate defensive strategy for containing the release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response 

actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the 

organization’s standard operating procedures, and the current 

edition of DOT’s ERG including extended emergency notification 

procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use 

of personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practice of personnel and equipment 

decontamination.

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions 

hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered 

equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working 

surface hazards.

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First 

Responder at the Operations Level covered in the National Fire 

Protection Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence 

of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
194 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(3) Hazardous materials technician.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with written and electronic information 

relative to response decision making including but not limited 

to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response 

Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety data sheets, 

CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, 

computer data bases and response models, and other relevant 

sources of information addressing hazardous substance releases. 

Familiarization with 29 CFR 1926.60.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident 

to determine the hazardous substances present, their physical and 

chemical properties, the likely behavior of the hazardous substance 

and its container, the types of hazardous substance transportation 

containers and vehicles involved in the release, the appropriate 

strategy for approaching release sites and containing the release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response 

actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the 

organization’s standard operating procedures, and the current 

edition of DOT’s ERG including extended emergency notification 

procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use 

of personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practices of establishing exposure 

zones, proper decontamination and medical surveillance stations 

and procedures.

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions 

hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered 

equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working 

surface hazards.

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Hazardous 

Materials Technician covered in the National Fire Protection 

Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of 

Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(4) Hazardous materials specialist.

(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the 

applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 195

Training Requirements

(B) Hands-on experience with retrieval and use of written and electronic 

information relative to response decision making including but 

not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency 

Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety data 

sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, 

computer data bases and response models, and other relevant 

sources of information addressing hazardous substance releases. 

Familiarization with 29 CFR 1926.60.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident 

to determine the hazardous substances present, their physical 

and chemical properties, and the likely behavior of the hazardous 

substance and its container, vessel, or vehicle.

(D) Review of the principles and practices for identification of the 

types of hazardous substance transportation containers, vessels 

and vehicles involved in the release; selecting and using the 

various types of equipment available for plugging or patching 

transportation containers, vessels or vehicles; organizing and 

directing the use of multiple teams of hazardous material 

technicians and selecting the appropriate strategy for approaching 

release sites and containing or stopping the release.

(E) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response 

actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, 

the organization’s standard operating procedures, including 

knowledge of the available public and private response resources, 

establishment of an incident command post, direction of hazardous 

material technician teams, and extended emergency notification 

procedures and follow-up communications.

(F) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection and use 

of personal protective equipment.

(G) Review of the principles and practices of establishing exposure 

zones and proper decontamination, monitoring and medical 

surveillance stations and procedures.

(H) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, 

confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment 

hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(I) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Off-site 

Specialist Employee covered in the National Fire Protection 

Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of 

Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
196 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(5) Incident commander. The incident commander is the individual who, 

at any one time, is responsible for and in control of the response 

effort. This individual is the person responsible for the direction 

and coordination of the response effort. An incident commander’s 

position should be occupied by the most senior, appropriately trained 

individual present at the response site. Yet, as necessary and appropriate 

by the level of response provided, the position may be occupied by 

many individuals during a particular response as the need for greater 

authority, responsibility, or training increases. It is possible for the 

first responder at the awareness level to assume the duties of incident 

commander until a more senior and appropriately trained individual 

arrives at the response site.

Therefore, any emergency responder expected to perform as an incident 

commander should be trained to fulfill the obligations of the position at 

the level of response they will be providing including the following:

(A) Ability to analyze a hazardous substance incident to determine the 

magnitude of the response problem.

(B) Ability to plan and implement an appropriate response plan within 

the capabilities of available personnel and equipment.

(C) Ability to implement a response to favorably change the outcome 

of the incident in a manner consistent with the local emergency 

response plan and the organization’s standard operating procedures.

(D) Ability to evaluate the progress of the emergency response to 

ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, 

and efficiently.

(E) Ability to adjust the response plan to the conditions of the response 

and to notify higher levels of response when required by the 

changes to the response plan.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 197

Training Requirements

Subpart E – Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment

1926.102 Eye and face protection 

(a) General

(2) Eye and face protection equipment required by this Part shall 

meet the requirements specified in American National Standards 

Institute, Z87.1-1968, Practice for Occupational and Educational 

Eye and Face Protection. [SEE: ANSI Z87.1 – 1968 Section 

4.9 “When limitations or precautions are indicated by the 

manufacturer, they shall be transmitted to the user and care taken 

to see that such limitations and precautions are strictly observed.”]

1926.103 Respiratory protection

[Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this 

section are identical to those set forth at 29 CFR 1910.134 of this chapter.]

1910.134 Respiratory protection

(a) Permissible Practice

(2) A respirator shall be provided to each employee when such 

equipment is necessary to protect the health of such employee. 

The employer shall provide the respirators which are applicable 

and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be 

responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory 

protection program, which shall include the requirements outlined 

in paragraph (c) of this section. The program shall cover each 

employee required by this section to use a respirator.

(c) Respiratory protection program. This paragraph requires the 

employer to develop and implement a written respiratory protection 

program with required worksite-specific procedures and elements 

for required respirator use. The program must be administered by a 

suitably trained program administrator. In addition, certain program 

elements may be required for voluntary use to prevent potential 

hazards associated with the use of the respirator. The Small Entity 

Compliance Guide contains criteria for the selection of a program 

administrator and a sample program that meets the requirements of 

this paragraph. Copies of the Small Entity Compliance Guide will be 

available on or about April 8, 1998 from the Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration’s Office of Publications, Room N 3101, 200 

Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20210 (202-219-4667).
198 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(1) In any workplace where respirators are necessary to protect the 

health of the employee or whenever respirators are required 

by the employer, the employer shall establish and implement a 

written respiratory protection program with worksite-specific 

procedures. The program shall be updated as necessary to reflect 

those changes in workplace conditions that affect respirator 

use. The employer shall include in the program the following 

provisions of this section, as applicable:

(vii) Training of employees in the respiratory hazards to 

which they are potentially exposed during routine and 

emergency situations;

(viii)Training of employees in the proper use of respirators, 

including putting on and removing them, any limitations 

on their use, and their maintenance; and

(3) The employer shall designate a program administrator who 

is qualified by appropriate training or experience that is 

commensurate with the complexity of the program to administer 

or oversee the respiratory protection program and conduct the 

required evaluations of program effectiveness.

(4) The employer shall provide respirators, training, and medical 

evaluations at no cost to the employee.

(k) Training and information. This paragraph requires the employer 

to provide effective training to employees who are required to use 

respirators. The training must be comprehensive, understandable, 

and recur annually, and more often if necessary. This paragraph also 

requires the employer to provide the basic information on respirators 

in Appendix D of this section to employees who wear respirators 

when not required by this section or by the employer to do so.

(1) The employer shall ensure that each employee can demonstrate 

knowledge of at least the following:

(i) Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, 

usage, or maintenance can compromise the protective effect 

of the respirator;

(ii) What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are;

(iii) How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, 

including situations in which the respirator malfunctions;
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 199

Training Requirements

(iv) How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals 

of the respirator;

(v) What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the 

respirator;

(vi) How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may 

limit or prevent the effective use of respirators; and

(vii) The general requirements of this section.

(2) The training shall be conducted in a manner that is 

understandable to the employee.

(3) The employer shall provide the training prior to requiring the 

employee to use a respirator in the workplace.

(4) An employer who is able to demonstrate that a new employee 

has received training within the last 12 months that addresses 

the elements specified in paragraph (k)(1)(i) through (vii) is not 

required to repeat such training provided that, as required by 

paragraph (k)(1), the employee can demonstrate knowledge of 

those element(s). Previous training not repeated initially by the 

employer must be provided no later than 12 months from the 

date of the previous training.

(5) Retraining shall be administered annually, and when the 

following situations occur:

(i) Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render 

previous training obsolete;

(ii) Inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use of the 

respirator indicate that the employee has not retained the 

requisite understanding or skill; or

(iii) Any other situation arises in which retraining appears 

necessary to ensure safe respirator use.

(6) The basic advisory information on respirators, as presented in 

Appendix D of this section, shall be provided by the employer 

in any written or oral format, to employees who wear respirators 

when such use is not required by this section or by the employer.
200 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

Subpart F – Fire Protection and Prevention

1926.150 Fire protection

(a) General requirements.

(1) The employer shall be responsible for the development of a fire 

protection program to be followed throughout all phases of the 

construction and demolition work, and he shall provide for the 

firefighting equipment as specified in this subpart. As fire hazards 

occur, there shall be no delay in providing the necessary equipment.

(5) As warranted by the project, the employer shall provide a trained 

and equipped firefighting organization (Fire Brigade) to assure 

adequate protection to life.

1926.155 Definitions applicable to this subpart

(e) Fire brigade means an organized group of employees that are 

knowledgeable, trained, and skilled in the safe evacuation of 

employees during emergency situations and in assisting in fire 

fighting operations.

Subpart G – Signs, Signals, and Barricades

1926.200 Accident prevention signs and tags

(g) Traffic signs 

(1) Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at 

points of hazard.

(2) All traffic controls signs or devices used for protection of 

construction workers shall conform to Part VI of the Manual 

of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), 1988 Edition, 

Revision 3, September 3, 1993, FHWA-SA-94-027 or Part VI 

of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Millenium 

Edition, December 2000, FHWA, which are incorporated by 

reference... [SEE: the edition being used for guidance about 

training workers, flaggers, and others in the temporary traffic 

control and work zones.]
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 201

Training Requirements

1926.201 Signaling

(a) Flaggers. Signaling by flaggers and the use of flaggers, including 

warning garments worn by flaggers shall conform to Part VI of 

the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, (1988 Edition, 

Revision 3 or the Millennium Edition), which are incorporated by 

reference in 1926.200(g)(2).

(b) Crane and hoist signals. Regulations for hoist signaling will be found 

in applicable American National Standards Institute standards. [NOTE: 

As of Nov. 8, 2010, crane/derrick signaling comes under the final rule 

for cranes and derricks in construction, 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC. The 

rule requires specific training for signal persons (at 1926.1430(b) — 

based on signal person qualification requirements in 1926.1428c)].

1926.202 Barricades

Barricades for protection of employees shall conform to Part VI of the 

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (1988 Edition, Revision 3 or 

Millennium Edition), which are incorporated by reference in 1926.200(g)

(2). [SEE: the edition being used for information about training workers, 

flaggers, and others in the temporary traffic control and work zones.]

Subpart I – Tools – Hand and Power

1926.300 General requirements

(c) Personal protective equipment. Employees using hand and power 

tools and exposed to the hazard of falling, flying, abrasive, and 

splashing objects, or exposed to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, 

or gases shall be provided with the particular personal protective 

equipment necessary to protect them from the hazard. All personal 

protective equipment shall meet the requirements and be maintained 

according to Subparts D and E of this part. [SEE 29 CFR 1926 

Subpart E for training requirements.]

1926.302 Power-operated hand tools

(e) Powder-actuated tools

(1) Only employees who have been trained in the operation of the 

particular tool in use shall be allowed to operate a powderactuated tool.
202 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

Subpart J – Welding and Cutting

1926.350 Gas welding and cutting

(a) Transporting, moving and storing compressed gas cylinders

(12)The in-plant handling, storage, and utilization of all compressed 

gases in cylinders, portable tanks, rail tank cars, or motor 

vehicle cargo tanks shall be in accordance with Compressed Gas 

Association Pamphlet P-1-1965. [SEE the pamphlet for training/

information requirements.]

1926.351 Arc welding and cutting

(d) Operating instructions. Employers shall instruct employees in the 

safe means of arc welding and cutting as follows:

(1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall 

be removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected that they 

cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects.

(2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water; to do so may 

expose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock.

(3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or 

to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc 

welding or cutting machine is to be moved, the power supply 

switch to the equipment shall be opened.

(4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor.

(5) See 1926.406(c) for additional requirements.

1926.352 Fire prevention

(e) When the welding, cutting, or heating operation is such that normal 

fire prevention precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall 

be assigned to guard against fire while the actual welding, cutting, or 

heating operation is being performed, and for a sufficient period of time 

after completion of the work to ensure that no possibility of fire exists. 

Such personnel shall be instructed as to the specific anticipated fire 

hazards and how the firefighting equipment provided is to be used.

(f) When welding, cutting, or heating is performed on walls, floors, and 

ceilings, since direct penetration of sparks or heat transfer may introduce 

a fire hazard to an adjacent area, the same precautions shall be taken on 

the opposite side as are taken on the side on which the welding is being 

performed. [SEE 29 CFR 1926.352(e) for instruction requirements.]
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 203

Training Requirements

Subpart K – Electrical

1926.416 General requirements

(a) Protection of employees

(3) Before work is begun the employer shall ascertain by inquiry 

or direct observation, or by instruments, whether any part of 

an energized electric power circuit, exposed or concealed, is so 

located that the performance of the work may bring any person, 

tool, or machine into physical or electrical contact with the 

electric power circuit. The employer shall post and maintain 

proper warning signs where such a circuit exists. The employer 

shall advise employees of the location of such lines, the hazards 

involved, and the protective measures to be taken.

Subpart L – Scaffolds

1926.450 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this subpart

(a) Definitions. Qualified means one who, by possession of a recognized 

degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive 

knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated 

his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject 

matter, the work, or the project.

1926.451 General requirements

(f) Use

(7) Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only 

under the supervision and direction of a competent person 

qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. 

Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained 

employees selected for such work by the competent person.

1926.454 Training requirements 

This section supplements and clarifies the requirements of 1926.21(b)(2) as 

these relate to the hazards of work on scaffolds.

(a) The employer shall have each employee who performs work while 

on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in the subject matter to 

(a), (b) and (c)
204 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used 

and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those 

hazards. The training shall include the following areas, as applicable:

(1) The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards and falling 

object hazards in the work area;

(2) The correct procedures for dealing with electrical hazards and 

for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection 

systems and falling object protection systems being used;

(3) The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of 

materials on the scaffold;

(4) The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacities of 

the scaffolds used; and

(5) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart.

(b) The employer shall have each employee who is involved in erecting, 

disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or 

inspecting a scaffold trained by a competent person to recognize 

any hazards associated with the work in question. The training shall 

include the following topics, as applicable:

(1) The nature of scaffold hazards;

(2) The correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, 

operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of 

scaffold in question;

(3) The design criteria, maximum intended load-carrying capacity 

and intended use of the scaffold;

(4) Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart.

(c) When the employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the 

skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, 

use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall retrain each such 

employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. Retraining is 

required in at least the following situations:

(1) Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which an 

employee has not been previously trained; or

(2) Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling 

object protection, or other equipment present a hazard about 

which an employee has not been previously trained; or

(3) Where inadequacies in an affected employee’s work involving scaffolds 

indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 205

Training Requirements

(Non-mandatory) Appendix D to Subpart L of Part 1926—List of Training 

Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers

This appendix D is provided to serve as a guide to assist employers when evaluating the 

training needs of employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds.

The Agency believes that employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds should be trained 

in the following topics:

General Overview of Scaffolding 

• regulations and standards

• erection/dismantling planning

• PPE and proper procedures

• fall protection

• materials handling

• access

• working platforms

• foundations

• guys, ties and braces

Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds 

• specific regulations and standards

• components

• parts inspection

• erection/dismantling planning

• guys, ties and braces

• fall protection

• general safety

• access and platforms

• erection/dismantling procedures

• rolling scaffold assembly

• putlogs

Tube and Clamp Scaffolds 

• specific regulations and standards

• components

• parts inspection

• erection/dismantling planning

• guys, ties and braces

• fall protection

• general safety

• access and platforms

• erection/dismantling procedures

• buttresses, cantilevers, & bridges

System Scaffolds 

• specific regulations and standards

• components

• parts inspection

• erection/dismantling planning

• guys, ties and braces

• fall protection

• general safety

• access and platforms

• erection/dismantling procedures

• buttresses, cantilevers, & bridges

Scaffold erectors and dismantlers should all receive the general overview, and, in 

addition, specific training for the type of supported scaffold being erected or dismantled.
206 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

Subpart M – Fall Protection

1926.503 Training requirements

The following training provisions supplement and clarify the requirements 

of 1926.21 regarding the hazards addressed in subpart M of this part.

(a) Training Program.

(1) The employer shall provide a training program for each employee 

who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program shall enable 

each employee to recognize the hazards of falling and shall train 

each employee in the procedures to be followed in order to 

minimize these hazards.

(2) The employer shall assure that each employee has been trained, as 

necessary, by a competent person qualified in the following areas:

(i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area;

(ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, 

and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used;

(iii) The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall 

arrest systems, safety net systems, warning line systems, 

safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, and 

other protection to be used;

(iv) The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system 

when this system is used;

(v) The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during 

the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs;

(vi) The correct procedures for the handling and storage of 

equipment and materials and the erection of overhead 

protection; and

(vii) The role of employees in fall protection plans;

(viii)The standards contained in this subpart.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 207

Training Requirements

(b) Certification of training

(1) The employer shall verify compliance with paragraph (a) of 

this section by preparing a written certification record. The 

written certification record shall contain the name or other 

identity of the employee trained, the date(s) of the training, 

and the signature of the person who conducted the training 

or the signature of the employer. If the employer relies on 

training conducted by another employer or completed prior to 

the effective date of this section, the certification record shall 

indicate the date the employer determined the prior training was 

adequate rather than the date of actual training.

(2) The latest training certification shall be maintained.

(c) Retraining. When the employer has reason to believe that any 

affected employee who has already been trained does not have the 

understanding and skill required by paragraph (a) of this section, 

the employer shall retrain each such employee. Circumstances where 

retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where:

(1) Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete; or

(2) Changes in the types of fall protection systems or equipment to 

be used render previous training obsolete; or

(3) Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of fall 

protection systems or equipment indicate that the employee has 

not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

Appendix E to Subpart M of Part 1926 — Sample Fall Protection Plan

Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with 1926.502(k)

Note: Part VII (Changes to Plan) of this Appendix contains a non-mandatory Sample 

Fall Protection Plan for Residential Construction employers; the sample plan has 

references to trained employees.
208 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

Subpart O – Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and 

Marine Operations

1926.602 Material handling equipment

(d) Powered industrial truck operator training 

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this 

paragraph are identical to those set forth at 1910.178(l) of this chapter.

1910.178 Powered industrial trucks

(l) Operator training 

(1) Safe operation.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each powered industrial truck 

operator is competent to operate a powered industrial truck 

safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the 

training and evaluation specified in this paragraph (l).

(ii) Prior to permitting an employee to operate a powered 

industrial truck (except for training purposes), the 

employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully 

completed the training required by this paragraph (l), 

except as permitted by paragraph (l)(5).

(2) Training program implementation.

(i) Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck only:

(A) Under the direct supervision of persons who have the 

knowledge, training, and experience to train operators 

and evaluate their competence; and

(B) Where such operation does not endanger the trainee 

or other employees.

(ii) Training shall consist of a combination of formal 

instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion, interactive computer 

learning, video tape, written material), practical training 

(demonstrations performed by the trainer and practical 

exercises performed by the trainee), and evaluation of the 

operator’s performance in the workplace.

(iii) All operator training and evaluation shall be conducted by 

persons who have the knowledge, training, and experience 

to train powered industrial truck operators and evaluate 

their competence.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 209

Training Requirements

(3) Training program content. Powered industrial truck operators 

shall receive initial training in the following topics, except in 

topics which the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to 

safe operation of the truck in the employer’s workplace.

(i) Truck-related topics:

(A) Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions for the 

types of truck the operator will be authorized to operate;

(B) Differences between the truck and the automobile;

(C) Truck controls and instrumentation: where they are 

located, what they do, and how they work;

(D) Engine or motor operation;

(E) Steering and maneuvering;

(F) Visibility (including restrictions due to loading);

(G) Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, and 

use limitations;

(H) Vehicle capacity;

(I) Vehicle stability;

(J) Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the 

operator will be required to perform;

(K) Refueling and/or charging and recharging of batteries;

(L) Operating limitations;

(M) Any other operating instructions, warnings, or 

precautions listed in the operator’s manual for the types 

of vehicle that the employee is being trained to operate.

(ii) Workplace-related topics:

(A) Surface conditions where the vehicle will be operated;

(B) Composition of loads to be carried and load stability;

(C) Load manipulation, stacking, and unstacking;

(D) Pedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will be 

operated;

(E) Narrow aisles and other restricted places where the 

vehicle will be operated;

(F) Hazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will 

be operated;
210 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(G) Ramps and other sloped surfaces that could affect the 

vehicle’s stability;

(H) Closed environments and other areas where insufficient 

ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a 

buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust;

(I) Other unique or potentially hazardous environmental 

conditions in the workplace that could affect safe 

operation.

(iii) The requirements of this section

(4) Refresher training and evaluation.

(i) Refresher training, including an evaluation of the effectiveness 

of that training, shall be conducted as required by paragraph 

(l)(4)(ii) to ensure that the operator has the knowledge and 

skills needed to operate the powered industrial truck safely.

(ii) Refresher training in relevant topics shall be provided to the 

operator when:

(A) The operator has been observed to operate the vehicle 

in an unsafe manner;

(B) The operator has been involved in an accident or nearmiss incident;

(C) The operator has received an evaluation that reveals 

that the operator is not operating the truck safely;

(D) The operator is assigned to drive a different type of 

truck; or

(E) A condition in the workplace changes in a manner 

that could affect safe operation of the truck.

(iii) An evaluation of each powered industrial truck operator’s 

performance shall be conducted at least once every three years.

(5) Avoidance of duplicative training. If an operator has previously 

received training in a topic specified in paragraph (l)(3) of 

this section, and such training is appropriate to the truck and 

working conditions encountered, additional training in that topic 

is not required if the operator has been evaluated and found 

competent to operate the truck safely.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 211

Training Requirements

(6) Certification. The employer shall certify that each operator has 

been trained and evaluated as required by this paragraph (l). The 

certification shall include the name of the operator, the date of 

the training, the date of the evaluation, and the identity of the 

person(s) performing the training or evaluation.

(7) Dates. The employer shall ensure that operators of powered 

industrial trucks are trained, as appropriate, by the dates shown 

in the following table.

If the employee 

was hired:

The initial training and evaluation of 

that employee must be completed:

Before December 1, 1999 By December 1, 1999

After December 1, 1999 Before the employee is assigned to 

operate a powered industrial truck

(8) Appendix A to this section provides non-mandatory guidance to 

assist employers in implementing this paragraph (l). This appendix 

does not add to, alter, or reduce the requirements of this section.

Subpart R – Steel Erection

1926.760 Fall protection

(c) Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ). A controlled decking zone may be 

established in that area of the structure over 15 and up to 30 feet above 

a lower level where metal decking is initially being installed and forms 

the leading edge of a work area. In each CDZ, the following shall apply:

(4) Each employee working in a CDZ shall have completed CDZ 

training in accordance with 1926.761.

1926.761 Training

The following provisions supplement the requirements of 1926.21 regarding 

the hazards addressed in this subpart.

(a) Training personnel. Training required by this section shall be 

provided by a qualified person(s).

(b) Fall hazard training. The employer shall train each employee exposed 

to a fall hazard in accordance with the requirements of this section. 

The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee 

participation in the program.
212 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(c) Special training programs. In addition to the training required in 

paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the employer shall provide 

special training to employees engaged in the following activities.

(1) Multiple lift rigging procedure. The employer shall ensure that 

each employee who performs multiple lift rigging has been 

provided training in the following areas:

(i) The nature of the hazards associated with multiple lifts; and

(ii) The proper procedures and equipment to perform multiple 

lifts required by 1926.753(e).

(2) Connector procedures. The employer shall ensure that each 

connector has been provided training in the following areas:

(i) The nature of the hazards associated with connecting; and

(ii) The establishment, access, proper connecting techniques 

and work practices required by 1926.756(c) and 

1926.760(b).

(3) Controlled Decking Zone Procedures. Where CDZs are being 

used, the employer shall assure that each employee has been 

provided training in the following areas:

(i) The nature of the hazards associated with work within a 

controlled decking zone; and

(ii) The establishment, access, proper installation techniques and 

work practices required by 1926.760(c) and 1926.754(e).

Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 1926 — Guidelines for Establishing the 

components of a Site-specific Erection Plan: Non-mandatory Guidelines for 

Complying with 1926.752(e) 

(a) General. This appendix serves as a guideline to assist employers who elect to develop 

a site-specific erection plan in accordance with 1926.752(e) with alternate means 

and methods to provide employee protection in accordance with 1926.752(e), 

1926.753(c)(5), 1926.757(a)(4) and 1926.757(e)(4).

(c) Components of a site-specific erection plan. In developing a site-specific erection plan, 

a steel erector considers the following elements:

(7) A certification for each employee who has received training for performing steel 

erection operations as required by 1926.761.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 213

Training Requirements

Appendix E to Subpart R of Part 1926 — Training: Non-mandatory Guidelines 

for Complying with 1926.761

The training requirements of 1926.761 will be deemed to have been met if employees 

have completed a training course on steel erection, including instruction in the 

provisions of this standard, that has been approved by the U.S. Department of Labor 

Bureau of Apprenticeship.

Subpart S – Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams 

and Compressed Air

1926.800 Underground construction 

(d) Safety instruction. All employees shall be instructed in the recognition 

and avoidance of hazards associated with underground construction 

activities including, where appropriate, the following subjects:

(1) Air monitoring;

(2) Ventilation;

(3) Illumination;

(4) Communications;

(5) Flood control;

(6) Mechanical equipment;

(7) Personal protective equipment;

(8) Explosives;

(9) Fire prevention and protection; and

(10)Emergency procedures, including evacuation plans and checkin/check-out systems.

(g) Emergency provisions

(5) Rescue teams.

(iv) On jobsites where flammable or noxious gases are 

encountered or anticipated in hazardous quantities, rescue 

team members shall practice donning and using selfcontained breathing apparatus monthly.

(d)(1) through 

(10), and (g)(5)(iv)
214 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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1926.803 Compressed air

(a) General provisions

(2) Every employee shall be instructed in the rules and regulations 

which concern his safety or the safety of others.

(e) Compression

(1) Every employee going under air pressure for the first time shall 

be instructed on how to avoid excessive discomfort.

Subpart U – Blasting and the Use of Explosives

1926.901 Blaster qualifications

(c) A blaster shall be qualified, by reason of training, knowledge, or 

experience, in the field of transporting, storing, handling, and use of 

explosives, and have a working knowledge of State and local laws and 

regulations which pertain to explosives.

Subpart V – Power Transmission and Distribution

1926.955 Overhead lines 

(e) Live-line bare-hand work. In addition to any other applicable 

standards contained elsewhere in this subpart all live-line barehand work shall be performed in accordance with the following 

requirements:

(1) Employees shall be instructed and trained in the live-line barehand technique and the safety requirements pertinent thereto 

before being permitted to use the technique on energized 

circuits.

(4) All work shall be personally supervised by a person trained and 

qualified to perform live-line bare-hand work.

(e)(1) and (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 215

Training Requirements

Subpart X – Stairways and Ladders

1926.1060 Training requirements 

The following training provisions clarify the requirements of 1926.21(b)

(2), regarding the hazards addressed in subpart X.

(a) The employer shall provide a training program for each employee 

using ladders and stairways, as necessary. The program shall enable 

each employee to recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, 

and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed to 

minimize these hazards.

(1) The employer shall ensure that each employee has been trained 

by a competent person in the following areas, as applicable:

(i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area;

(ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and 

disassembling the fall protection systems to be used;

(iii) The proper construction, use, placement, and care in 

handling of all stairways and ladders;

(iv) The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders 

used; and

(v) The standards contained in this subpart.

(b) Retraining shall be provided for each employee as necessary so that 

the employee maintains the understanding and knowledge acquired 

through compliance with this section.

Subpart Y – Diving

1926.1076 Qualifications of dive team

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this 

section are identical to those set forth at 1910.410 of this chapter.

(a) General

(1) Each dive team member shall have the experience or training 

necessary to perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner.

(a)(1)(i) through 

(v), and (b)

1910.410 (a)(1), 

(2), (3) and (4); (b)

(1); (c)(1) and (2)
216 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(2) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in 

the following:

(i) The use of tools, equipment and systems relevant to 

assigned tasks;

(ii) Techniques of the assigned diving mode: and

(iii) Diving operations and emergency procedures.

(3) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation and first aid (American Red Cross standard course 

or equivalent).

(4) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure 

of others to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in divingrelated physics and physiology.

(b) Assignments

(1) Each dive team member shall be assigned tasks in accordance 

with the employee’s experience or training, except that limited 

additional tasks may be assigned to an employee undergoing 

training provided that these tasks are performed under the direct 

supervision of an experienced dive team member.

(c) Designated person-in-charge

(1) The employer or an employee designated by the employer shall 

be at the dive location in charge of all aspects of the diving 

operation affecting the safety and health of dive team members.

(2) The designated person-in-charge shall have experience and 

training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation.

Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances

1926.1101 Asbestos 

(b) Definitions.

Competent person means, in addition to the definition in 29 CFR 

1926.32 (f), one who is capable of identifying existing asbestos hazards 

in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for 

asbestos exposure, who has the authority to take prompt corrective 

measures to eliminate them, as specified in 29 CFR 1926.32(f): in 

addition, for Class I and Class II work who is specially trained in a 

training course which meets the criteria of EPA’s Model Accreditation 

(b); (g)(8)(vi)(B) and 

(11)(i) and (ii); (k)

(6), (8)(i) and (vii); 

(9)(i) through (viii), 

and (10)(i) through 

(iii); (m)(1)(ii)(B); (n)

(4); (o)(4)(i) and (ii); 

Appendix H (V)(A)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 217

Training Requirements

Plan (40 CFR part 763) for supervisor, or its equivalent and, for Class 

III and Class IV work, who is trained in a manner consistent with EPA 

requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and 

custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92 (a)(2).

Industrial hygienist means a professional qualified by education, 

training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and develop 

controls for occupational health hazards.

Project Designer means a person who has successfully completed the 

training requirements for an abatement project designer established 

by 40 U.S.C. 763.90(g).

(g) Methods of compliance

(8) Additional Controls for Class II work.

(vi) Alternative Work Practices and Controls

(B) A competent person shall evaluate the work area, 

the projected work practices and the engineering 

controls, and shall certify in writing, that the different 

or modified controls are adequate to reduce direct and 

indirect employee exposure to below the PELs under all 

expected conditions of use and that the method meets 

the requirements of this standard. The evaluation shall 

include and be based on data representing employee 

exposure during the use of such method under conditions 

which closely resemble the conditions under which 

the method is to be used for the current job, and by 

employees whose training and experience are equivalent 

to employees who are to perform the current job.

(11)Alternative methods of compliance for installation, removal, repair, 

and maintenance of certain roofing and pipeline coating materials.

(i) Before work begins and as needed during the job, a competent 

person who is capable of identifying asbestos hazards in the 

workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for 

asbestos exposure, and who has the authority to take prompt 

corrective measures to eliminate such hazards, shall conduct 

an inspection of the worksite and determine that the roofing 

material is intact and will likely remain intact.

(ii) All employees performing work covered by this paragraph 

(g)(11) shall be trained in a training program that meets the 

requirements of paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this section.
218 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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(k) Communication of hazards

(6) At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees 

reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain ACM 

and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify 

the material which is present, its location, and appropriate 

work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/

or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to 

the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with 

these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee 

comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, 

pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.

(8) Labels.

(i) Labels shall be affixed to all products containing asbestos 

and to all containers containing such products, including 

waste containers. Where feasible, installed asbestos 

products shall contain a visible label.

(vii) When a building owner or employer identifies previously 

installed PACM and/or ACM, labels or signs shall be 

affixed or posted so that employees will be notified of 

what materials contain PACM and/or ACM. The employer 

shall attach such labels in areas where they will clearly be 

noticed by employees who are likely to be exposed, such as 

at the entrance to mechanical room/areas. Signs required 

by paragraph (k)(6) of this section may be posted in lieu 

of labels so long as they contain information required for 

labelling. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, 

that employees who come in contact with these signs or 

labels can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee 

comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, 

pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.

(9) Employee Information and Training.

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is likely to 

be exposed in excess of a PEL, and each employee who 

performs Class I through IV asbestos operations, in 

accordance with the requirements of this section. Such 

training shall be conducted at no cost to the employee. 

The employer shall institute a training program and ensure 

employee participation in the program.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 219

Training Requirements

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial 

assignment and at least annually thereafter.

(iii) Training for Class I operations and for Class II 

operations that require the use of critical barriers (or 

equivalent isolation methods) and/or negative pressure 

enclosures under this section shall be the equivalent in 

curriculum, training method and length to the EPA Model 

Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos abatement workers 

training (40 CFR part 763, subpart E, appendix C).

(iv) Training for other Class II work.

(A) For work with asbestos containing roofing materials, 

flooring materials, siding materials, ceiling tiles, or 

transite panels, training shall include at a minimum all 

the elements included in paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this 

section and in addition, the specific work practices 

and engineering controls set forth in paragraph (g) of 

this section which specifically relate to that category. 

Such course shall include “hands-on” training and 

shall take at least 8 hours.

(B) An employee who works with more than one of the 

categories of material specified in paragraph (k)(9)(iv)

(A) of this section shall receive training in the work 

practices applicable to each category of material that 

the employee removes and each removal method that 

the employee uses.

(C) For Class II operations not involving the categories of 

material specified in paragraph (k)(9)(iv)(A) of this 

section, training shall be provided which shall include at 

a minimum all the elements included in paragraph (k)

(9)(viii) of this section and in addition, the specific work 

practices and engineering controls set forth in paragraph 

(g) of this section which specifically relate to the 

category of material being removed, and shall include 

“hands-on” training in the work practices applicable to 

each category of material that the employee removes and 

each removal method that the employee uses.

(v) Training for Class III employees shall be consistent with 

EPA requirements for training of local education agency 

maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 
220 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

763.92(a)(2). Such a course shall also include “handson” training and shall take at least 16 hours. Exception: 

For Class III operations for which the competent person 

determines that the EPA curriculum does not adequately 

cover the training needed to perform that activity, training 

shall include as a minimum all the elements included in 

paragraph (k)(9)(viii) of this section and in addition, the 

specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in 

paragraph (g) of this section which specifically relate to that 

activity, and shall include “hands-on” training in the work 

practices applicable to each category of material that the 

employee disturbs.

(vi) Training for employees performing Class IV operations 

shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of 

local education agency maintenance and custodial staff 

as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1). Such a course shall 

include available information concerning the locations of 

thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM/PACM, and 

asbestos-containing flooring material, or flooring material 

where the absence of asbestos has not yet been certified; 

and instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, 

and delamination of asbestos-containing building materials. 

Such course shall take at least 2 hours.

(vii) Training for employees who are likely to be exposed in 

excess of the PEL and who are not otherwise required to 

be trained under paragraph (k)(9)(iii) through (vi) of this 

section, shall meet the requirements of paragraph (k)(9)

(viii) of this section.

(viii)The training program shall be conducted in a manner 

that the employee is able to understand. In addition to the 

content required by provisions in paragraphs (k)(9)(iii) 

through (vi) of this section, the employer shall ensure that 

each such employee is informed of the following:

(A) Methods of recognizing asbestos, including 

the requirement in paragraph (k)(1) of this 

section to presume that certain building materials 

contain asbestos;

(B) The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 221

Training Requirements

(C) The relationship between smoking and asbestos in 

producing lung cancer;

(D) The nature of operations that could result in 

exposure to asbestos, the importance of necessary 

protective controls to minimize exposure including, 

as applicable, engineering controls, work practices, 

respirators, housekeeping procedures, hygiene 

facilities, protective clothing, decontamination 

procedures, emergency procedures, and waste disposal 

procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use 

of these controls and procedures; where Class III and 

IV work will be or is performed, the contents of EPA 

20T-2003, “Managing Asbestos In-Place” July 1990 or 

its equivalent in content;

(E) The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and 

limitations of respirators as required by 29 CFR 

1910.134;

(F) The appropriate work practices for performing the 

asbestos job;

(G) Medical surveillance program requirements;

(H) The content of this standard including appendices;

(I) The names, addresses and phone numbers of public 

health organizations which provide information, 

materials and/or conduct programs concerning 

smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the 

list of such organizations contained in Appendix J to 

this section, to comply with this requirement; and

(J) The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels 

and the meaning of the required legends for such signs 

and labels.

(10)Access to training materials.

(i) The employer shall make readily available to affected 

employees without cost, written materials relating to 

the employee training program, including a copy of this 

regulation.

(ii) The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary and the 

Director, upon request, all information and training materials 

relating to the employee information and training program.
222 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(iii) The employer shall inform all employees concerning 

the availability of self-help smoking cessation program 

material. Upon employee request, the employer shall 

distribute such material, consisting of NIH Publication 

No. 89-1647, or equivalent self-help material, which is 

approved or published by a public health organization 

listed in Appendix J to this section.

(m)Medical surveillance

(1) General.

(ii) Examination

(B) Persons other than such licensed physicians who 

administer the pulmonary function testing required 

by this section shall complete a training course in 

spirometry sponsored by an appropriate academic or 

professional institution.

(n) Recordkeeping

(4) Training records. The employer shall maintain all employee 

training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of 

employment by that employer.

(o) Competent person

(4) Training for the competent person. 

(i) For Class I and II asbestos work the competent person shall 

be trained in all aspects of asbestos removal and handling, 

including: abatement, installation, removal and handling; 

the contents of this standard; the identification of asbestos; 

removal procedures, where appropriate; and other practices 

for reducing the hazard. Such training shall be obtained 

in a comprehensive course for supervisors that meets the 

criteria of EPA’s Model Accreditation Plan (40 CFR part 

763, subpart E, appendix C), such as a course conducted 

by an EPA-approved or state-approved training provider, 

certified by EPA or a state, or a course equivalent in 

stringency, content, and length.

(ii) For Class III and IV asbestos work, the competent person 

shall be trained in aspects of asbestos handling appropriate 

for the nature of the work, to include procedures for setting 

up glove bags and mini-enclosures, practices for reducing 

asbestos exposures, use of wet methods, the contents of 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 223

Training Requirements

this standard, and the identification of asbestos. Such 

training shall include successful completion of a course that 

is consistent with EPA requirements for training of local 

education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set 

forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2), or its equivalent in stringency, 

content and length. Competent persons for Class III and IV 

work may also be trained pursuant to the requirements of 

paragraph (o)(4)(i) of this section.

Appendix H to 1926.1101 — Substance Technical Information for Asbestos — 

Non-Mandatory 

(Note: Part V of this Appendix provides a non-mandatory statement of workers’ rights to 

Access to Information about their exposure to asbestos on worksites, including a reference 

to instruction in proper work practices to avoid unhealthful exposure to asbestos.)

V. Access to Information 

A. Each year, your employer is required to inform you of the information contained 

in this standard and appendices for asbestos. In addition, your employer must 

instruct you in the proper work practices for handling asbestos-containing 

materials, and the correct use of protective equipment.

1926.1126 Chromium (VI) 

(j) Communication of chromium (VI) hazards to employees

(1) Hazard communication. The employer shall include chromium 

(VI) in the program established to comply with the Hazard 

Communication Standard (HCS) (1910.1200). The employer 

shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers 

of chromium and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance 

with the provisions of 1910.1200 and paragraph (j)(2) of this 

section. The employer shall provide information on at least the 

following hazards: cancer; eye irritation; and skin sensitization.

(2) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each employee can 

demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

(A) The contents of this section; and

(B) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance 

program required by paragraph (i) of this section.

(ii) The employer shall make a copy of this section readily 

available without cost to all affected employees.

(j)(1) and (2)
224 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

1926.1127 Cadmium

(b) Definitions. Competent person, in accordance with 29 CFR 

1926.32(f), means a person designated by the employer to act on 

the employer’s behalf who is capable of identifying existing and 

potential cadmium hazards in the workplace and the proper methods 

to control them in order to protect workers, and has the authority 

necessary to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or control 

such hazards. The duties of a competent person include at least the 

following: Determining prior to the performance of work whether 

cadmium is present in the workplace; establishing, where necessary, 

regulated areas and assuring that access to and from those areas 

is limited to authorized employees; assuring the adequacy of any 

employee exposure monitoring required by this standard; assuring 

that all employees exposed to air cadmium levels above the PEL wear 

appropriate personal protective equipment and are trained in the use 

of appropriate methods of exposure control; assuring that proper 

hygiene facilities are provided and that workers are trained to use 

those facilities; and assuring that the engineering controls required 

by this standard are implemented, maintained in proper operating 

condition, and functioning properly.

(m)Communication of cadmium hazards to employees

(1) Hazard communication. The employer shall include cadmium in the 

program established to comply with the Hazard Communication 

Standard (HCS) (1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each 

employee has access to labels on containers of cadmium and safety 

data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS 

and paragraph (m)(4) of this section. The employer shall provide 

information on at least the following hazards: cancer; lung effects; 

kidney effects; and acute toxicity effects.

(4) Employee information and training. 

(i) The employer shall train each employee who is potentially 

exposed to cadmium in accordance with the requirements of 

this section. The employer shall institute a training program, 

ensure employee participation in the program, and maintain 

a record of the contents of the training program.

(ii) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of 

initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to 

cadmium and at least annually thereafter.

(b)(“Competent 

person”); and (m)

(1) and (4)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 225

Training Requirements

(iii) The employer shall make the training program 

understandable to the employee and shall assure that each 

employee is informed of the following:

(A) The health hazards associated with cadmium 

exposure, with special attention to the information 

incorporated in Appendix A to this section;

(B) The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and 

storage of cadmium in the workplace and the specific 

nature of operations that could result in exposure to 

cadmium, especially exposures above the PEL;

(C) The engineering controls and work practices 

associated with the employee’s job assignment;

(D) The measures employees can take to protect 

themselves from exposure to cadmium, including 

modification of such habits as smoking and personal 

hygiene, and specific procedures the employer has 

implemented to protect employees from exposure 

to cadmium such as appropriate work practices, 

emergency procedures, and the provision of personal 

protective equipment;

(E) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, proper use, and 

limitations of respirators and protective clothing;

(F) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance 

program required by paragraph (l) of this section;

(G) The contents of this section and its appendices, and,

(H) The employee’s rights of access to records under 

1926.33(g)(1) and (2).

(iv) Additional access to information and training program 

and materials.

(A) The employer shall make a copy of this section and its 

appendices readily available to all affected employees 

and shall provide a copy without cost if requested.

(B) Upon request, the employer shall provide to the 

Assistant Secretary or the Director all materials relating 

to the employee information and the training program.
226 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

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Subpart AA – Confined Spaces in Construction

1926.1207 Training

(a) The employer must provide training to each employee whose work 

is regulated by this standard, at no cost to the employee, and ensure 

that the employee possesses the understanding, knowledge, and 

skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under 

this standard. This training must result in an understanding of the 

hazards in the permit space and the methods used to isolate, control 

or in other ways protect employees from these hazards, and for those 

employees not authorized to perform entry rescues, in the dangers of 

attempting such rescues. 

(b) Training required by this section must be provided to each 

affected employee:

(1) In both a language and vocabulary that the employee can understand;

(2) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this standard;

(3) Before there is a change in assigned duties;

(4) Whenever there is a change in permit space entry operations that 

presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously 

been trained; and

(5) Whenever there is any evidence of a deviation from the permit 

space entry procedures required by paragraph 1926.1204(c) 

of this standard or there are inadequacies in the employee’s 

knowledge or use of these procedures.

(c) The training must establish employee proficiency in the duties 

required by this standard and must introduce new or revised 

procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this standard.

(d) The employer must maintain training records to show that the 

training required by paragraphs 1926.1207(a) through (c) of 

this standard has been accomplished. The training records must 

contain each employee’s name, the name of the trainers, and 

the dates of training. The documentation must be available for 

inspection by employees and their authorized representatives, for 

the period of time the employee is employed by that employer.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 227

Training Requirements

1926.1211 Rescue and emergency services.

(b) An employer whose employees have been designated to provide 

permit space rescue and/or emergency services must take the 

following measures and provide all equipment and training at no cost 

to those employees:

(1) Provide each affected employee with the personal protective 

equipment (PPE) needed to conduct permit space rescues safely 

and train each affected employee so the employee is proficient in 

the use of that PPE; 

(2) Train each affected employee to perform assigned rescue duties. 

The employer must ensure that such employees successfully 

complete the training required and establish proficiency as 

authorized entrants, as provided by 1926.1207 and 1926.1208 of 

this standard;

(3) Train each affected employee in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation (CPR). The employer must ensure that at least 

one member of the rescue team or service holding a current 

certification in basic first aid and CPR is available; and

(4) Ensure that affected employees practice making permit space 

rescues before attempting an actual rescue, and at least once 

every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations 

in which they remove dummies, manikins, or actual persons 

from the actual permit spaces or from representative permit 

spaces, except practice rescue is not required where the affected 

employees properly performed a rescue operation during the 

last 12 months in the same permit space the authorized entrant 

will enter, or in a similar permit space. Representative permit 

spaces must, with respect to opening size, configuration, and 

accessibility, simulate the types of permit spaces from which 

rescue is to be performed.
228 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction

1926.1401 Definitions

Assembly/Disassembly means the assembly and/or disassembly of 

equipment covered under this standard. With regard to tower cranes, 

“erecting and climbing” replaces the term “assembly,” and “dismantling” 

replaces the term “disassembly.” Regardless of whether the crane is 

initially erected to its full height or is climbed in stages, the process of 

increasing the height of the crane is an erection process.

A/D director (Assembly/Disassembly director) means an individual who 

meets this subpart’s requirements for an A/D director, irrespective of the 

person’s formal job title or whether the person is non-management or 

management personnel.

Fall zone means the area (including but not limited to the area directly 

beneath the load) in which it is reasonably foreseeable that partially or 

completely suspended materials could fall in the event of an accident.

Qualified person means a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, 

certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, 

training and experience, successfully demonstrated the ability to solve/

resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Qualified rigger is a rigger who meets the criteria for a qualified person.

1926.1404 Assembly/Disassembly — general requirements 

(applies to all assembly and disassembly operations) 

(a) Supervision — competent-qualified person

(1) Assembly/disassembly must be directed by a person who meets 

the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person, 

or by a competent person who is assisted by one or more 

qualified persons (“A/D director”).

(2) Where the assembly/disassembly is being performed by only one 

person, that person must meet the criteria for both a competent 

person and a qualified person. For purposes of this standard, that 

person is considered the A/D director.

(b) Knowledge of procedures. The A/D director must understand the 

applicable assembly/disassembly procedures.

(a), (b), (c) and 

(d); and (r)(1)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 229

Training Requirements

(c) Review of procedures. The A/D director must review the applicable 

assembly/disassembly procedures immediately prior to the 

commencement of assembly/disassembly unless the A/D director 

understands the procedures and has applied them to the same type 

and configuration of equipment (including accessories, if any).

(d) Crew instructions

(1) Before commencing assembly/disassembly operations, the A/D 

director must ensure that the crew members understand all of 

the following:

(i) Their tasks.

(ii) The hazards associated with their tasks.

(iii) The hazardous positions/locations that they need to avoid.

(2) During assembly/disassembly operations, before a crew member 

takes on a different task, or when adding new personnel during 

the operations, the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through 

(d)(1)(iii) of this section must be met.

(r) Rigging. In addition to following the requirements in 29 CFR 

1926.251 and other requirements in this and other standards 

applicable to rigging, when rigging is used for assembly/disassembly, 

the employer must ensure that:

(1) The rigging work is done by a qualified rigger.

1926.1408 Power line safety (up to 350 kV) — equipment operations

(b) Preventing encroachment/electrocution

(1) Conduct a planning meeting with the operator and the other 

workers who will be in the area of the equipment or load to 

review the location of the power line(s), and the steps that will be 

implemented to prevent encroachment/electrocution.

(g) Training 

(1) The employer must train each operator and crew member 

assigned to work with the equipment on all of the following:

(i) The procedures to be followed in the event of electrical 

contact with a power line. Such training must include:

(A) Information regarding the danger of electrocution 

from the operator simultaneously touching the 

equipment and the ground.

(b)(1); (g)(1), 

(2) and (3)
230 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(B) The importance to the operator’s safety of remaining 

inside the cab except where there is an imminent 

danger of fire, explosion, or other emergency that 

necessitates leaving the cab.

(C) The safest means of evacuating from equipment that 

may be energized.

(D) The danger of the potentially energized zone around 

the equipment (step potential).

(E) The need for crew in the area to avoid approaching or 

touching the equipment and the load.

(F) Safe clearance distance from power lines.

(ii) Power lines are presumed to be energized unless the 

utility owner/operator confirms that the power line has 

been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded 

at the worksite.

(iii) Power lines are presumed to be uninsulated unless the utility 

owner/operator or a registered engineer who is a qualified 

person with respect to electrical power transmission and 

distribution confirms that a line is insulated.

(iv) The limitations of an insulating link/device, proximity 

alarm, and range control (and similar) device, if used.

(v) The procedures to be followed to properly ground 

equipment and the limitations of grounding.

(2) Employees working as dedicated spotters must be trained to 

enable them to effectively perform their task, including training 

on the applicable requirements of this section.

(3) Training under this section must be administered in accordance 

with 1926.1430(g).

1926.1419 Signals — general requirements

(c) Non-standard hand signals.

(2) When using non-standard hand signals, the signal person, 

operator, and lift director (where there is one) must contact each 

other prior to the operation and agree on the non-standard hand 

signals that will be used.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 231

Training Requirements

1926.1423 Fall protection

(k) Training. The employer must train each employee who may be 

exposed to fall hazards while on, or hoisted by, equipment covered by 

this subpart on all of the following:

(1) the requirements in this subpart that address fall protection.

(2) the applicable requirements in 1926.500 and 1926.502

1926.1424 Work area control

(a) Swing radius hazards

(2) To prevent employees from entering these hazard areas, the 

employer must:

(i) Train each employee assigned to work on or near the 

equipment (“authorized personnel”) in how to recognize 

struck-by and pinch/crush hazard areas posed by the 

rotating superstructure.

(ii) Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or 

similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas. 

Exception: When the employer can demonstrate that it is 

neither feasible to erect such barriers on the ground nor 

on the equipment, the hazard areas must be clearly marked 

by a combination of warning signs (such as “Danger—

Swing/Crush Zone”) and high visibility markings on the 

equipment that identify the hazard areas. In addition, the 

employer must train each employee to understand what 

these markings signify.

(3) Protecting employees in the hazard area. 

(i) Before an employee goes to a location in the hazard 

area that is out of view of the operator, the employee (or 

someone instructed by the employee) must ensure that the 

operator is informed that he/she is going to that location.

(ii) Where the operator knows that an employee went to a 

location covered by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the 

operator must not rotate the superstructure until the operator 

is informed in accordance with a pre-arranged system of 

communication that the employee is in a safe position.
232 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(b) Where any part of a crane/derrick is within the working radius of 

another crane/derrick, the controlling entity must institute a system to 

coordinate operations. If there is no controlling entity, the employer 

(if there is only one employer operating the multiple pieces of 

equipment), or employers, must institute such a system.

1926.1425 Keeping clear of the load

(c) When employees are engaged in hooking, unhooking, or guiding the 

load, or in the initial connection of a load to a component or structure 

and are within the fall zone, all of the following criteria must be met:

(1) The materials being hoisted must be rigged to prevent 

unintentional displacement.

(2) Hooks with self-closing latches or their equivalent must be 

used. Exception: “J” hooks are permitted to be used for setting 

wooden trusses.

(3) The materials must be rigged by a qualified rigger.

1926.1427 Operator qualification and certification 

(f) Pre-qualification/certification training period. An employee who 

is not qualified or certified under this section is permitted to operate 

equipment only as an operator-in-training and only where the 

requirements of this paragraph are met.

(1) The employer must provide each operator-in-training with sufficient 

training prior to operating the equipment to enable the operatorin-training to operate the equipment safely under limitations 

established by this section (including continuous monitoring) 

and any additional limitations established by the employer.

(2) The tasks performed by the operator-in-training while operating 

the equipment must be within the operator-in-training’s ability.

(3) Trainer. While operating the equipment, the operator-in-training 

must be continuously monitored by an individual (“operator’s 

trainer”) who meets all of the following requirements:

(i) The operator’s trainer is an employee or agent of the 

operator-in-training’s employer.

(ii) The operator’s trainer is either a certified operator under 

this section, or has passed the written portion of a 

certification test under one of the options in paragraphs (b) 

through (e) of this section, and is familiar with the proper 

use of the equipment’s controls.

(f) and (g)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 233

Training Requirements

(iii) While monitoring the operator-in-training, the operator’s 

trainer performs no tasks that detract from the trainer’s 

ability to monitor the operator-in-training.

(iv) For equipment other than tower cranes: The operator’s 

trainer and the operator-in-training must be in direct line 

of sight of each other. In addition, they must communicate 

verbally or by hand signals. For tower cranes: The operator’s 

trainer and the operator-in-training must be in direct 

communication with each other.

(4) Continuous monitoring. The operator-in-training must be 

monitored by the operator’s trainer at all times, except for short 

breaks where all of the following are met:

(i) The break lasts no longer than 15 minutes and there is no 

more than one break per hour.

(ii) Immediately prior to the break the operator’s trainer 

informs the operator-in-training of the specific tasks that the 

operator-in-training is to perform and limitations to which 

he/she must adhere during the operator trainer’s break.

(iii) The specific tasks that the operator-in-training will perform 

during the operator trainer’s break are within the operatorin-training’s abilities.

(5) The operator-in-training must not operate the equipment in any 

of the following circumstances unless the exception stated in 

paragraph (f)(5)(v) of this section is applicable:

(i) If any part of the equipment, load line or load (including 

rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the 

equipment’s maximum working radius in the work zone 

(see 1926.1408(a)(1)), could get within 20 feet of a power 

line that is up to 350 kV, or within 50 feet of a power line 

that is over 350 kV.

(ii) If the equipment is used to hoist personnel.

(iii) In multiple-equipment lifts.

(iv) If the equipment is used over a shaft, cofferdam, or in a 

tank farm.

(v) In multiple-lift rigging operations, except where the 

operator’s trainer determines that the operator-in-training 

skills are sufficient for this high-skill work.
234 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

(g) Under this section, a testing entity is permitted to provide training 

as well as testing services as long as the criteria of the applicable 

accrediting agency (in the option selected) for an organization 

providing both services are met.

1926.1428 Signal person qualifications

(c) Qualification Requirements. Each signal person must:

(1) Know and understand the type of signals used. If hand signals 

are used, the signal person must know and understand the 

Standard Method for hand signals.

(2) Be competent in the application of the type of signals used.

(3) Have a basic understanding of equipment operation and 

limitations, including the crane dynamics involved in swinging 

and stopping loads and boom deflection from hoisting loads.

(4) Know and understand the relevant requirements of 1926.1419 

through 1926.1422 and 1926.1428.

(5) Demonstrate that he/she meets the requirements in paragraphs 

(c)(1) through (4) of this section through an oral or written test, 

and through a practical test.

1926.1430 Training

The employer must provide training as follows:

(a) Overhead power lines. The employer must train each employee 

specified in 1926.1408(g) and 1926.1410(m) in the topics listed in 

1926.1408(g).

(b) Signal persons. The employer must train each employee who will 

be assigned to work as a signal person who does not meet the 

requirements of 1926.1428(c) in the areas addressed in that paragraph.

(c) Operators

(1) Operators-in-Training for equipment where certification or 

qualification is required by this subpart. The employer must train 

each operator-in-training in the areas addressed in 1926.1427(j). 

The employer must provide re-training if the operator-intraining does not pass a qualification or certification test.

(2) Transitional Period. During the four-year phase-in period for 

operator certification or qualification, as provided in 1926.1427(k), 

employers must train each operator who has not yet been certified 

or qualified in the areas addressed in 1926.1427(j).

(a) through (g)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 235

Training Requirements

(3) Operators excepted from the requirements of 1926.1427. The 

employer must train each operator excepted under 1926.1427(a) 

from the requirements of 1926.1427 on the safe operation of the 

equipment the operator will be using.

(4) The employer must train each operator of the equipment covered 

by this subpart in the following practices:

(i) On friction equipment, whenever moving a boom off a 

support, first raise the boom a short distance (sufficient to 

take the load of the boom) to determine if the boom hoist 

brake needs to be adjusted. On other types of equipment 

with a boom, the same practice is applicable, except that 

typically there is no means of adjusting the brake; if the 

brake does not hold, a repair is necessary. See 1926.1417(f) 

and (j) for additional requirements.

(ii) Where available, the manufacturer’s emergency procedures 

for halting unintended equipment movement.

(d) Competent persons and qualified persons. The employer must 

train each competent person and each qualified person regarding the 

requirements of this subpart applicable to their respective roles.

(e) Crush/pinch points. The employer must train each employee who 

works with the equipment to keep clear of holes, and crush/pinch 

points and the hazards addressed in 1926.1424 (Work area control).

(f) Tag-out. The employer must train each operator and each additional 

employee authorized to start/energize equipment or operate 

equipment controls (such as maintenance and repair employees), in 

the tag-out and start-up procedures in 1926.1417(f) and (g).

(g) Training administration

(1) The employer must evaluate each employee required to be 

trained under this subpart to confirm that the employee 

understands the information provided in the training.

(2) The employer must provide refresher training in relevant topics 

for each employee when, based on the conduct of the employee 

or an evaluation of the employee’s knowledge, there is an 

indication that retraining is necessary.

(3) Whenever training is required under subpart CC, the employer 

must provide the training at no cost to the employee. 
236 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

1926.1436 Derricks

(q) Qualification and Training. The employer must train each operator 

of a derrick on the safe operation of equipment the individual will 

operate. Section 1926.1427 of this subpart (Operator qualification and 

certification) does not apply.

1926.1438 Overhead & gantry cranes

(a) Permanently installed overhead and gantry cranes. The 

requirements of 1910.179, except for 1910.179(b)(1), and not the 

requirements of this subpart CC, apply to the following equipment 

when used in construction and permanently installed in a facility: 

overhead and gantry cranes, including semigantry, cantilever gantry, 

wall cranes, storage bridge cranes, and others having the same 

fundamental characteristics.

(b) Overhead and gantry cranes that are not permanently installed 

in a facility.

(2) The following requirements apply to equipment identified in 

paragraph (b)(1) of this section:

(i) Sections 1926.1400 through 1926.1414; 1926.1417 through 

1926.1425; 1926.1426(d); 1926.1427 through 1926.1434; 

1926.1437, 1926.1439, and 1926.1441. [NOTE: This 

includes training at 1926.1404 assembly-disassembly, 

1926.1419 Signals-general requirements, 1926.1423 Fall 

protection, 1926.1408(g) for power line safety (up to 

350kV) — equipment operations.] 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 237

Training Requirements

1926.1441 Equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 

2,000 pounds or less

The following paragraphs of this section specify requirements for 

employers using equipment with a maximum rated hoisting/lifting 

capacity of 2,000 pounds or less.

(a) The employer using this equipment must comply with the following 

provisions of this subpart: 

... 1926.1407 through 1926.1411 (Power line safety)... [which 

directs employers to training requirements at 1926.1408(g)], sections 

1926.1419 through 1926.1422 (Signals) [including 1419(c)(2) Nonstandard hand signals. When using non-standard hand signal, the 

signal person, operator, and lift director (where there is one) must 

contact each other prior to the operation and agree on the non-standard 

hand signals that will be used.], 

section 1926.1423 (Fall protection) [Including 1423(k) Training], 

section 1926.1432 (Multiple-crane/derrick lifts-supplemental 

requirements) [including 1432(b)(2) The lift director must review 

the plan in a meeting with all workers who will be involved with 

the operation.], 

section 1926.1437 (Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks 

on barges) [including 1437(c)(2)(ii) Clearly mark the hazard areas 

by a combination of warning signs (such as, “Danger-Swing/Crush 

Zone”) and high visibility markings on the equipment that identify the 

hazard areas. In addition, the employer must train each employee to 

understand what these markings signify.], 

and section 1926.1438 (Overhead & gantry cranes) [NOTE: See 1438 

above for requirements].

(e) Operator qualifications. The employer must train each operator, prior 

to operating the equipment, on the safe operation of the type of 

equipment the operator will be using.

(f) Signal person qualifications. The employer must train each signal person 

in the proper use of signals applicable to the use of the equipment.
238 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Construction

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Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 239Photo: CAL/OSHA

Agriculture

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29, Code of 

Federal Regulations Part 1928. Note that in addition to these requirements, Part 

1910, relating to general industry, also contains applicable training standards.

29 CFR 1928

Subpart C – Roll-Over Protective Structures

1928.51 Roll-Over protective structures (ROPS) for tractors used in 

agricultural operations

(d) Operating instructions. Every employee who operates an agricultural 

tractor shall be informed of the operating practices contained in 

Appendix A of this part and of any other practices dictated by the 

work environment. Such information shall be provided at the time of 

initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.

Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 1928 — Employee Operating Instructions

1. Securely fasten your seat belt if the tractor has a ROPS.

2. Where possible, avoid operating the tractor near ditches, embankments, and holes.

3. Reduce speed when turning, crossing slopes, and on rough, slick, or muddy surfaces.

4. Stay off slopes too steep for safe operation.

5. Watch where you are going, especially at row ends, on roads, and around trees.

6. Do not permit others to ride.

7. Operate the tractor smoothly — no jerky turns, starts, or stops.

8. Hitch only to the drawbar and hitch points recommended by tractor manufacturers.

9. When tractor is stopped, set brakes securely and use park lock if available.
240 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Agriculture

1928.57 Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, 

and cotton gins 

(a) General —

(6) Operating instructions. At the time of initial assignment and 

at least annually thereafter, the employer shall instruct every 

employee in the safe operation and servicing of all covered 

equipment with which he is or will be involved, including at least 

the following safe operating practices:

(i) Keep all guards in place when the machine is in operation;

(ii) Permit no riders on farm field equipment other than persons 

required for instruction or assistance in machine operation;

(iii) Stop engine, disconnect the power source, and wait for all 

machine movement to stop before servicing, adjusting, 

cleaning, or unclogging the equipment, except where 

the machine must be running to be properly serviced or 

maintained, in which case the employer shall instruct 

employees as to all steps and procedures which are 

necessary to safely service or maintain the equipment;

(iv) Make sure everyone is clear of machinery before starting 

the engine, engaging power, or operating the machine;

(v) Lock out electrical power before performing maintenance 

or service on farmstead equipment.

(d) Cotton ginning equipment

(1) Power transmission components.

(viii) In power plants and power development rooms where 

access is limited to authorized personnel, guard railings 

may be used in place of guards or guarding by location. 

Authorized employees having access to power plants and 

power development rooms shall be instructed in the safe 

operation and maintenance of the equipment in accordance 

with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.

Subpart M – Occupational Health

1928.1027 Cadmium

Note: The requirements applicable to agricultural training requirements 

under this section are identical to those set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1027.

(a)(6)(i) through 

(v); and (d)(1)(viii)
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 241Photo: Caycee Cook

Federal Employee Programs

The following training requirements have been excerpted from Title 29, Code of 

Federal Regulations Part 1960. Note that in addition to these requirements, Part 

1910, relating to general industry, also contains applicable training standards.

29 CFR 1960

Subpart B – Administration

1960.7 Financial management

(c) Appropriate resources for an agency’s occupational safety and health 

program shall include, but not be limited to:

(1) Sufficient personnel to implement and administer the program 

at all levels, including necessary administrative costs such as 

training, travel, and personal protective equipment.

Subpart D – Inspection and Abatement

1960.25 Qualifications of safety and health inspectors and 

agency inspections

(a) Executive Order 12196 requires that each agency utilize as inspectors 

“personnel with equipment and competence to recognize hazards.” 

Inspections shall be conducted by inspectors qualified to recognize 
242 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Federal Employee Programs

and evaluate hazards of the working environment and to suggest 

general abatement procedures. Safety and health specialists as defined 

in 29 CFR 1960.2(s), with experience and/or up-to-date training in 

occupational safety and health hazard recognition and evaluation 

are considered as meeting the qualifications of safety and health 

inspectors. For those working environments where there are less 

complex hazards, such safety and health specializations as cited above 

may not be required, but inspectors in such environments shall have 

sufficient documented training and/or experience in the safety and 

health hazards of the workplace involved to recognize and evaluate 

those particular hazards and to suggest general abatement procedures. 

All inspection personnel must be provided the equipment necessary 

to conduct a thorough inspection of the workplace involved.

Subpart E – General Services Administration and Other 

Federal Agencies

1960.34 General provisions 

(e) Safety and health services. The General Services Administration (GSA) 

will operate and maintain for user agencies the following services:

(1) Listings in the “Federal Supply Schedule” of safety and health 

services and equipment which are approved for use by agencies 

when needed. Examples of such services are: workplace 

inspections, training, industrial hygiene surveys, asbestos 

bulk sampling, and mobile health testing. Examples of such 

equipment are: personal protective equipment and apparel, safety 

devices, and environmental monitoring equipment.

Subpart F – Occupational Safety and Health Committees

1960.39 Agency responsibilities

(b) Agencies shall provide all committee members appropriate training as 

required by subpart H of this part.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 243

Training Requirements

Subpart H – Training

1960.54 Training of top management officials

Each agency shall provide top management officials with orientation 

and other learning experiences which will enable them to manage 

the occupational safety and health programs of their agencies. Such 

orientation should include coverage of section 19 of the Act, Executive 

Order 12196, the requirements of this part, and the agency safety and 

health program.

1960.55 Training of supervisors

(a) Each agency shall provide occupational safety and health training 

for supervisory employees that includes: supervisory responsibility 

for providing and maintaining safe and healthful working conditions 

for employees; the agency occupational safety and health program; 

section 19 of the Act; Executive Order 12196; this part; occupational 

safety and health standards applicable to the assigned workplaces; 

agency procedures for reporting hazards; agency procedures for 

reporting and investigating allegations of reprisal; and agency 

procedures for the abatement of hazards, as well as other appropriate 

rules and regulations.

(b) This supervisory training should include introductory and specialized 

courses and materials which will enable supervisors to recognize and 

eliminate, or reduce, occupational safety and health hazards in their 

working units. Such training shall also include the development of 

requisite skills in managing the agency’s safety and health program 

within the work unit, including the training and motivation of 

subordinates toward assuring safe and healthful work practices.

1960.56 Training of safety and health specialists

(a) Each agency shall provide occupational safety and health training for 

safety and health specialists through courses, laboratory experiences, 

field study, and other formal learning experiences to prepare 

them to perform the necessary technical monitoring, consulting, 

testing, inspecting, designing, and other tasks related to program 

development and implementation, as well as hazard recognition, 

evaluation and control, equipment and facility design, standards, 

analysis of accident, injury, and illness data, and other related tasks.
244 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Federal Employee Programs

(b) Each agency shall implement career development programs for their 

occupational safety and health specialists to enable the staff to meet 

present and future program needs of the agency.

1960.57 Training of safety and health inspectors

Each agency shall provide training for safety and health inspectors with 

respect to appropriate standards, and the use of appropriate equipment 

and testing procedures necessary to identify and evaluate hazards and 

suggest general abatement procedures during or following their assigned 

inspections, as well as preparation of reports and other documentation to 

support the inspection findings.

Subpart K – Field Federal Safety and Health Councils

1960.85 Role of the Secretary

(a) The Secretary shall maintain liaison with agency heads to ensure 

that they encourage their field activities to participate actively in 

field council programs. To ensure maximum participation, the field 

councils’ annual reports to the Secretary shall provide descriptions of 

the degree of management and employee participation by the defined 

Federal field activities. The Secretary shall annually furnish each 

agency head with a report consolidating the information received as 

to the participation of the agency’s several field installations in field 

council activities.

(b) The Secretary shall provide leadership and guidance and make 

available necessary equipment, supplies, and staff services to the Field 

Federal Safety and Health Councils to assist them in carrying out 

their responsibilities. The Secretary shall also provide consultative and 

technical services to field councils. These services shall involve aid in 

any phase of developing and planning programs; and in sponsoring, 

conducting or supporting safety and health training courses.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 245

Training Resources

TRAINING RESOURCES

Appendix A – Multilingual Resources

Below are resources to use when looking for (mostly) Spanish language safety and health 

material. Remember that simply translating English safety and health materials into Spanish 

or another language is not necessarily adequate for your target population to understand 

the material.  There are many different terms and dialects in Spanish (and other languages) 

and you need to ensure that you are using the correct ones. Also, using the correct literacy 

level is just as important in other languages as it is in English. It is best to test the translated 

materials using a focus group made up of a subset of your target population. 

OSHA Publications

OSHA Dictionaries (English and Spanish)

• Frequently Used Construction Industry Terms

• Frequently Used General Industry Terms

• General OSH Terms

OSHA Publications in Spanish and Other Languages

Many OSHA publications are available in both English and Spanish, as well as 

Portuguese, Russian and other languages. To order multiple copies of these resources, 

call OSHA’s Publications Office at (202) 693-1888 or visit OSHA’s Publications page at 

www.osha.gov/publications. 

Adobe Reader is required to view PDF files.

OSHA Mobile-Friendly e-Books

Select OSHA publications are available in e-Book format. OSHA e-Books are designed 

to increase readability on smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices. For access, go 

to www.osha.gov/ebooks.
246 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix A – Multilingual Resources

Susan Harwood Training Grant Products

This web site features training materials such as PowerPointTM presentations, instructor 

and student manuals, and test questions developed by Susan Harwood grantees. These 

resources are available in multiple languages.

OSHA Safety Campaigns

OSHA’s Campaign to Prevent Heat Illness in Outdoor Workers

OSHA’s nationwide Heat Illness Prevention Campaign aims to raise awareness and 

teach workers and employers about the dangers of working in hot weather and provide 

valuable resources to address these concerns. Begun in 2011, the Heat Illness Prevention 

Campaign has reached more than 10 million people and distributed close to half a 

million fact sheets, posters, QuickCardsTM, training guides and wallet cards. OSHA, 

together with other federal and state agencies and non-governmental organizations, 

spreads the word about preventing heat illness. For example, OSHA collaborates with 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Weather 

Service to include worker safety precautions in Excessive Heat Watch, Warning, and 

Advisory Products.

Available on this web page are numerous resources that can be used to prevent heat illnesses:

• The Educational Resources section links to information about heat illnesses and 

how to prevent them. Many of these resources target vulnerable workers with 

limited English proficiency and/or low literacy.

• The Using the Heat Index section provides guidance to help employers develop a 

heat illness prevention plan.

• The Training section includes a guide to help employers and others to teach 

workers about heat illness. There are links to more resources in other languages.

• The Online Toolkit section includes news releases, public service announcements, 

drop-in articles about heat illness prevention that you can customize to share, and 

campaign artwork.

• The Fatality Map is an interactive infographic representing many of the heatrelated fatalities that occurred outdoors between 2008 and 2014. The map provides 

a geographic reminder that Water.Rest.Shade. is vital to providing a safe and 

healthful environment when working outdoors in the heat.

The Heat Illness web page and many resources are available en español.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 247

Training Resources

OSHA’s Fall Prevention Campaign

This campaign is part of OSHA’s nationwide effort to raise awareness among workers 

and employers about the hazards of falls from ladders, scaffolds and roofs. The 

educational resources page gives workers and employers information about falls and 

how to prevent them. There are also training tools for employers to use and posters to 

display at their worksites. Many of the new resources target vulnerable workers with 

limited English proficiency.

The Fall Prevention web page and many resources are available en español.

Fall Prevention Videos (v-Tools)

Videos are an effective educational 

tool. Several workplace training videos, 

based on true stories, examine how falls 

lead to death and how these fatal falls 

could have been prevented.

These training tools (v-Tools) explain 

why using the right type of fall protection 

equipment allows workers to return home 

the same way they go to work each day. 

You can download the following videos in 

English and Spanish, read the transcripts 

or watch the videos on YouTube:

Falls in Construction

• Floor Openings

• Fixed Scaffolds

• Bridge Decking

• Reroofing

• Leading Edge Work

V-Tools on other construction hazards

are also available.
248 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix A – Multilingual Resources

OSHA State Plan Foreign Language Safety and Health Resources 

State Plan Spanish language resource page

This page lists examples of Spanish language resources from OSHA state plan states. 

This listing also includes selected Spanish language resources from state agencies in 

states under Federal OSHA jurisdiction.

Other Foreign Language Safety and Health Resources

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This site includes links to NIOSH publications in Spanish on a variety of construction 

topics, and also provides links to other agencies and organizations that have Spanish 

language resources.

Electronic Library of Construction Occupational Safety and Health (eLCOSH)

This electronic library was developed and is maintained by CPWR — The Center 

for Construction Research and Training — and provides a wide range of materials 

on construction safety and health. The goal is to improve safety and health for 

construction workers by making such information more accessible.

Information is available here in English, Spanish, and other languages.

Georgia Tech Spanish Language Construction Training Website

This site provides training guides in Spanish on several construction safety and health 

topics — scaffolding, fall protection, electricity, handling of objects/materials, and trenches 

and excavations. For each topic, there are educational materials in various formats, 

including posters, pamphlets, tailgate session guides, and formal presentations.

Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP), UC Berkeley

This site provides training guides in English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, and 

Vietnamese to assist trainers in homecare, restaurant safety, janitorial safety, 

agriculture and other industries.
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 249

Training Resources

LOHP Multilingual Resource Guide

This guide contains an extensive collection of links to worker safety and health 

training materials (such as fact sheets, curricula, and checklists) that are available 

from many sources online in languages other than English.

Occupational Health Branch, California Department of Health Services

BuildSafe produced a safety and health tailgate training kit in English and Spanish. The 

kit consists of Safety Break cards that cover 23 general construction safety topics and 

are linked to information in the Cal/OSHA Pocket Guide for the Construction Industry. 

These cards are simple to use and designed to improve the quality of tailgates.

Mi Trabajo Seguro (My Safe Job)

This Spanish language web site provides safety and health information for construction 

workers. Developed in collaboration with the hit telenovela “Pecados Ajenos” (“Sins 

of Others”), this site introduces helpful construction safety information that follows a 

construction safety storyline on the show.
250 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix B – References

Appendix B – References

• A Worker’s Sourcebook: Spanish Language Health and Safety Materials for Workers, 

University of California, Los Angeles, Labor and Occupational Safety and Health. 

• Assessing Occupational Safety and Health Training: A Literature Review, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-145, June 1998. 

• Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health, and Environmental Training, 

American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI)/American Society of Safety 

Engineers (ASSE), Z490.1-2009. 

• Delp, L. et al, Teaching for Change: Popular Education and the Labor Movement, 

UCLA Center for Labor Research and Education, 2002. 

• Evaluation of the Limited English Proficiency and Hispanic Worker Initiative, U.S. 

Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Prepared by Coffey 

Consulting, December 2009. 

• Immigrant Worker Safety and Health Report, from a conference on research needs, 

draft NIOSH scientific information disseminated for peer review, NIOSH and 

University of Massachusetts Lowell, April 2010. 

• Minimum Health and Safety Training Criteria: Guidance for Hazardous Waste 

Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER), HAZWOPER-Supporting and 

All-Hazards Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Response, National Institute of 

Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Worker Education and Training Program 

(WETP), January 2006. 

• ODP Blended Learning Approach, version 1.0, ODP/DHS, November 27, 2003. 

• OSHA Outreach Training Program Guidelines, U.S. Department of Labor, 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, February 2009. 

• OSHA Training Standards Policy Statement, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational 

Safety and Health Administration, April 28, 2010. 

• Report from the 1999 National Conference on Workplace Safety & Health Training: 

Putting the Pieces Together & Planning for the Challenges Ahead, Co-sponsored by the 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, HHS (NIOSH) 

Publication No. 2004-132, February 2004. 

• Robson L., Stephonson C., Schulte P., Amick B., Chan S., Bielecky A., Wang A., 

Heidotting T., Irvin E., Eggerth D., Peters R., Clarke J., Cullen K., Boldt L., Grubb P., 

A systematic review of the effectiveness of training & education for the protection of 

workers. Toronto: Institute for Work & Health, 2010; Cincinnati, OH: National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-127. 
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 251

Training Resources

• Szudy, Elizabeth and Gonzalez Arroyo, Michele, The Right to Understand: Linking 

Literacy to Health and Safety Training, Labor Occupational Health Program, 

University of California at Berkeley, 1994. 

• Wallerstein, N. and Rubenstein, H., Teaching about Job Hazards, A Guide for Workers 

and Their Health Providers, American Public Health Association, 1993. 

Appendix C – States with Approved OSHA Plans

Private Sector Workers

OSHA covers most private sector employers and workers in all 50 states, the District 

of Columbia, and other U.S., jurisdictions either directly through Federal OSHA or 

through an OSHA-approved state plan. 

State plans are OSHA-approved job safety and health programs operated by individual 

states instead of Federal OSHA. The OSH Act encourages states to develop and operate 

their own job safety and health programs and precludes state enforcement of OSHA 

standards unless the state has an approved program. OSHA approves and monitors 

all state plans and provides as much as fifty percent of the funding for each program. 

State-run safety and health programs must be at least as effective as the Federal OSHA 

program. To find the contact information for the OSHA Federal or state plan office 

nearest you, call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) or go to www.osha.gov.

The following 22 states or territories have OSHA-approved state programs: 

• Alaska

• Arizona

• California

• Hawaii

• Indiana

• Iowa

• Kentucky

• Maryland

• Michigan

• Minnesota

• Nevada

• New Mexico

• North Carolina

• Oregon

• Puerto Rico

• South Carolina

• Tennessee

• Utah

• Vermont

• Virginia

• Washington

• Wyoming

Federal OSHA provides coverage to certain workers specifically excluded from a 

state’s plan — for example, those in some states who work in maritime industries or 

on military bases.
252 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix C – States with Approved OSHA Plans

State and Local Government Workers

Workers at state and local government agencies are not covered by Federal OSHA, 

but have OSH Act protections if they work in those states that have an OSHA-approved 

state program. 

OSHA rules also permit states and territories to develop plans that cover only public 

sector (state and local government) workers. In these cases, private sector workers and 

employers remain under Federal OSHA jurisdiction. Five additional states and one U.S. 

territory have OSHA-approved state plans that cover public sector workers only:

• Connecticut

• Illinois

• Maine

• New Jersey

• New York

• Virgin Islands

Federal Government Workers

OSHA’s protection applies to all federal agencies. Section 19 of the OSH Act makes 

federal agency heads responsible for providing safe and healthful working conditions 

for their workers. Although OSHA does not fine federal agencies, it does monitor 

these agencies and conducts federal workplace inspections in response to workers’ 

reports of hazards.

Federal agencies must have a safety and health program that meets the same standards 

as private employers. Under a 1998 amendment, the OSH Act covers the U.S. Postal 

Service the same as any private sector employer.

Not Covered under the OSH Act

• The self-employed;

• Immediate family members of farm employers; and

• Workplace hazards regulated by another federal agency (for example, the Mine 

Safety and Health Administration, the Department of Energy, or Coast Guard).
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 253

Training Resources

Appendix D – Free On-site Safety and Health Consultation 

Services for Small Business

OSHA’s On-site Consultation Program offers free and confidential advice to small and 

medium-sized businesses in all states across the country, with priority given to highhazard worksites. Each year, responding to requests from small business owners looking 

to create or improve their safety and health management programs, OSHA’s On-site 

Consultation Program conducts over 29,000 visits to small business worksites covering 

over 1.5 million workers across the nation.

On-site consultation services are separate from enforcement and do not result in 

penalties or citations. Consultants from state agencies or universities work with 

employers to identify workplace hazards, provide advice on compliance with OSHA 

standards, and assist in establishing safety and health management programs.

For more information, to find the local On-site Consultation office in your state, or to 

request a brochure on Consultation Services, visit www.osha.gov/consultation, or call 

1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

Under the consultation program, certain exemplary employers may request 

participation in OSHA’s Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program 

(SHARP). Eligibility for participation includes, but is not limited to, receiving a 

full-service, comprehensive consultation visit, correcting all identified hazards and 

developing an effective safety and health management program. Worksites that receive 

SHARP recognition are exempt from programmed inspections during the period that 

the SHARP certification is valid.
254 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix E – NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program

Appendix E – NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program

Getting Help with Health Hazards

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is a federal agency 

that conducts scientific and medical research on workers’ safety and health. At no cost 

to employers or workers, NIOSH can help identify health hazards and recommend 

ways to reduce or eliminate those hazards in the workplace through its Health Hazard 

Evaluation (HHE) Program.

Workers, union representatives and employers can request a NIOSH HHE. An HHE 

is often requested when there is a higher-than-expected rate of a disease or injury in 

a group of workers. These situations may be the result of an unknown cause, a new 

hazard, or a mixture of sources. To request a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation go to 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/request.html. To find out more, in English or Spanish, about 

the Health Hazard Evaluation Program: 

E-mail HHERequestHelp@cdc.gov or call 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636).
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards 255

Appendix F – OSHA Regional Offices

Region I

Boston Regional Office

(CT*, ME*, MA, NH, RI, VT*)

JFK Federal Building, Room E340

Boston, MA 02203

(617) 565-9860 (617) 565-9827 Fax

Region II

New York Regional Office

(NJ*, NY*, PR*, VI*)

201 Varick Street, Room 670

New York, NY 10014

(212) 337-2378 (212) 337-2371 Fax

Region III

Philadelphia Regional Office

(DE, DC, MD*, PA, VA*, WV)

The Curtis Center

170 S. Independence Mall West

Suite 740 West

Philadelphia, PA 19106-3309

(215) 861-4900 (215) 861-4904 Fax

Region IV

Atlanta Regional Office

(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN*)

61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 6T50

Atlanta, GA 30303

(678) 237-0400 (678) 237-0447 Fax

Region V

Chicago Regional Office

(IL*, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)

230 South Dearborn Street, Room 3244

Chicago, IL 60604

(312) 353-2220 (312) 353-7774 Fax

Region VI

Dallas Regional Office

(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)

525 Griffin Street, Room 602

Dallas, TX 75202

(972) 850-4145 (972) 850-4149 Fax

(972) 850-4150 FSO Fax

Region VII

Kansas City Regional Office

(IA*, KS, MO, NE)

Two Pershing Square Building

2300 Main Street, Suite 1010

Kansas City, MO 64108-2416

(816) 283-8745 (816) 283-0547 Fax

Region VIII

Denver Regional Office

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)

Cesar Chavez Memorial Building

1244 Speer Blvd., Suite 551

Denver, CO 80204

(720) 264-6550 (720) 264-6585 Fax

Region IX

San Francisco Regional Office

(AZ*, CA*, HI*, NV*, and American Samoa, 

Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)

90 7th Street, Suite 18100

San Francisco, CA 94103

(415) 625-2547 (415) 625-2534 Fax

Region X

Seattle Regional Office

(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)

300 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1280

Seattle, WA 98104

(206) 757-6700 (206) 757-6705 Fax
256 Training Requirements in OSHA Standards

Appendix F – OSHA Regional Offices

*These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health 

plans and cover state and local government employees as well as private-sector 

employees. The Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands 

programs cover public employees only. (Private-sector workers in these states are 

covered by Federal OSHA). States with approved programs must have standards that are 

identical to, or at least as effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.

Note: To get contact information for OSHA area offices, OSHA-approved state plans 

and OSHA consultation projects, please visit us online at www.osha.gov or call us at 

1-800-321-OSHA (6742).
How to Contact OSHA

For questions or to get information or advice, to report an 

emergency, fatality, inpatient hospitalization, amputation, 

or loss of an eye, or to file a confidential complaint, contact 

your nearest OSHA office, visit www.osha.gov or call 

OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627.

For assistance, contact us.

We are OSHA. We can help.
U.S. Department of Labor

For more information:

Occupational

Safety and Health

Administration

www.osha.gov (800) 321-OSHA (6742)