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###### Department of Commerce

###### International Trade Administration

          - [A-570-182, A-552-845]

# AGENCY:

Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce.

# DATES:

Applicable October 28, 2024.

# FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Rebecca Trainor or Dennis McClure at (202) 482-4007 or (202) 482-5973, respectively (the People's Republic of China (China)) and Thomas Martin at (202) 482-3936 (the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam)), AD/CVD Operations, Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230.

# SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

## The Petitions

                    On October 8, 2024, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) received antidumping duty (AD) petitions concerning imports of thermoformed molded fiber products (molded fiber products) from China and Vietnam filed in proper form on behalf of Genera, Tellus Products, LLC, and the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO (the USW), collectively, the American Molded Fiber Products Coalition (the petitioners), domestic producers of molded fiber products and a certified union, which represents workers engaged in the production of molded fiber products in the United States.[1]                                          The AD Petitions were accompanied by countervailing duty (CVD) petitions concerning imports of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam.[2] 

                    Between October 11 and 22, 2024, Commerce requested supplemental information pertaining to certain aspects of the Petitions in supplemental questionnaires.[3]                                          The petitioners responded to Commerce's supplemental questionnaires between October 16 and 24, 2024.[4] 

In accordance with section 732(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), the petitioners allege that imports of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam are being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at less than fair value (LTFV) within the meaning of section 731 of the Act, and that imports of such products are materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, the molded fiber products industry in the United States. Consistent with section 732(b)(1) of the Act, the Petitions were accompanied by information reasonably available to the petitioners supporting their allegations.

                    Commerce finds that the petitioners filed the Petitions on behalf of the domestic industry, because the petitioners are interested parties, as defined in sections 771(9)(C) and (D) of the Act.[5]                                          Commerce also finds that the petitioners demonstrated sufficient industry support for the initiation of the requested LTFV investigations.[6] 

## Periods of Investigation

Because the Petitions were filed on October 8, 2024, and because China and Vietnam are non-market economy (NME) countries, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.204(b)(1), the periods of investigation (POI) for the China and Vietnam LTFV investigations are April 1, 2024, through September 30, 2024.

## Scope of the Investigations

                    The products covered by these investigations are molded fiber products from China and Vietnam. For a full description of the scope of these investigations,                     *see*                     the appendix to this notice.                

## Comments on the Scope of the Investigations

                    On October 11 and 22, 2024, Commerce requested information and clarification from the petitioners regarding the proposed scope to ensure that the scope language in the Petitions is an accurate reflection of the products for which the domestic industry is seeking relief.[7]                                          On October 16 and 24, 2024, the petitioners provided clarifications and revised the scope.[8]                                          The description of merchandise covered by these investigations, as described in the appendix to this notice, reflects these clarifications.                

                    As discussed in the                     *Preamble*                     to Commerce's regulations, we are setting aside a period for interested parties to raise issues regarding product coverage (                    *i.e.,*                     scope).[9]                                          Commerce will consider all scope comments received from interested parties and, if necessary, will consult with interested parties prior to the issuance of the preliminary determinations. If scope comments include factual information,[10]                                          all such factual information should be limited to public information. To facilitate preparation of its questionnaires, Commerce requests that scope comments be submitted by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on November 18, 2024, which is the next business day after 20 calendar days from the signature date of this notice.[11]                                          Any rebuttal comments, which may include factual information, and should also be limited to public information, must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 29, 2024, which is the next business day after 10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline.[12] 

                    Commerce requests that any factual information that parties consider relevant to the scope of these investigations be submitted during that period. However, if a party subsequently finds that additional factual information pertaining to the scope of the investigations may be relevant, the party must contact Commerce and request                           ( print page 87552)                        permission to submit the additional information. All scope comments must be filed simultaneously on the records of the concurrent LTFV and CVD investigations.                

## Filing Requirements

                    All submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically via Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS), unless an exception applies.[13]                                          An electronically filed document must be received successfully in its entirety by the time and date it is due.                

## Comments on Product Characteristics

Commerce is providing interested parties an opportunity to comment on the appropriate physical characteristics of molded fiber products to be reported in response to Commerce's AD questionnaires. This information will be used to identify the key physical characteristics of the subject merchandise in order to report the relevant factors of production (FOP) accurately, as well as to develop appropriate product comparison criteria.

                    Interested parties may provide any information or comments that they feel are relevant to the development of an accurate list of physical characteristics. In order to consider the suggestions of interested parties in developing and issuing the AD questionnaires, all product characteristics comments must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 18, 2024, which is the next business day after 20 calendar days from the signature date of this notice.[14]                                          Any rebuttal comments must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 29, 2024, which is the next business day after 10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline.[15]                                          All comments and submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically using ACCESS, as explained above, on the record of each of the LTFV investigations.                

## Determination of Industry Support for the Petitions

Section 732(b)(1) of the Act requires that a petition be filed on behalf of the domestic industry. Section 732(c)(4)(A) of the Act provides that a petition meets this requirement if the domestic producers or workers who support the petition account for: (i) at least 25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product; and (ii) more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for, or opposition to, the petition. Moreover, section 732(c)(4)(D) of the Act provides that, if the petition does not establish support of domestic producers or workers accounting for more than 50 percent of the total production of the domestic like product, Commerce shall: (i) poll the industry or rely on other information in order to determine if there is support for the petition, as required by subparagraph (A); or (ii) determine industry support using a statistically valid sampling method to poll the “industry.”  

                    Section 771(4)(A) of the Act defines the “industry” as the producers as a whole of a domestic like product. Thus, to determine whether a petition has the requisite industry support, the statute directs Commerce to look to producers and workers who produce the domestic like product. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), which is responsible for determining whether “the domestic industry” has been injured, must also determine what constitutes a domestic like product in order to define the industry. While both Commerce and the ITC apply the same statutory definition regarding the domestic like product,[16]                                          they do so for different purposes and pursuant to a separate and distinct authority. In addition, Commerce's determination is subject to limitations of time and information. Although this may result in different definitions of the like product, such differences do not render the decision of either agency contrary to law.[17] 

                    Section 771(10) of the Act defines the domestic like product as “a product which is like, or in the absence of like, most similar in characteristics and uses with, the article subject to an investigation under this title.” Thus, the reference point from which the domestic like product analysis begins is “the article subject to an investigation” (                    *i.e.,*                     the class or kind of merchandise to be investigated, which normally will be the scope as defined in the petition).                

                    With regard to the domestic like product, the petitioners do not offer a definition of the domestic like product distinct from the scope of the investigations.[18]                                          Based on our analysis of the information submitted on the record, we have determined that molded fiber products, as defined in the scope, constitute a single domestic like product, and we have analyzed industry support in terms of that domestic like product.[19] 

                    In determining whether the petitioners have standing under section 732(c)(4)(A) of the Act, we considered the industry support data contained in the Petitions with reference to the domestic like product as defined in the “Scope of the Investigations,” in the appendix to this notice. To establish industry support, the petitioners provided the 2023 total production of the domestic like product for the U.S. producers and workers that support the Petitions and compared this to the estimated total U.S. production of the domestic like product for the entire U.S. molded fiber products industry.[20]                                          We relied on data provided by the petitioners for purposes of measuring industry support.[21] 

                    On October 21, 2024, we received timely filed comments on industry support from Eco-Products, PBC, a U.S. importer of molded fiber products.[22]                                          On                           ( print page 87553)                        October 23, 2024, the petitioners responded to the comments from Eco-Products, PBC in a timely filed rebuttal submission.[23] 

                    Our review of the data provided in the Petitions, the First General Issues Supplement, Petitioners' Rebuttal, the Second General Issues Supplement, and other information readily available to Commerce indicates that the petitioners have established industry support for the Petitions.[24]                                          First, the Petitions established support from domestic producers (or workers) accounting for more than 50 percent of the total production of the domestic like product and, as such, Commerce is not required to take further action in order to evaluate industry support (                    *e.g.,*                     polling).[25]                                          Second, the domestic producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry support under section 732(c)(4)(A)(i) of the Act because the domestic producers (or workers) who support the Petitions account for at least 25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product.[26]                                          Finally, the domestic producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry support under section 732(c)(4)(A)(ii) of the Act because the domestic producers (or workers) who support the Petitions account for more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for, or opposition to, the Petitions.[27]                                          Accordingly, Commerce determines that the Petitions were filed on behalf of the domestic industry within the meaning of section 732(b)(1) of the Act.[28] 

## Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and Causation

                    The petitioners allege that the U.S. industry producing the domestic like product is being materially injured, or is threatened with material injury, by reason of the imports of the subject merchandise sold at LTFV. In addition, the petitioners allege that subject imports exceed the negligibility threshold provided for under section 771(24)(A) of the Act.[29] 

                    The petitioners contend that the industry's injured condition is illustrated by the significant and increasing volume and market share of subject imports; underselling and price depression and/or suppression; lost sales and revenues; and adverse impact on the domestic industry's production, capacity utilization, employment variables, and financial performance.[30]                                          We assessed the allegations and supporting evidence regarding material injury, threat of material injury, causation, cumulation, as well as negligibility, and we have determined that these allegations are properly supported by adequate evidence and meet the statutory requirements for initiation.[31] 

## Allegations of Sales at LTFV

The following is a description of the allegations of sales at LTFV upon which Commerce based its decision to initiate LTFV investigations of imports of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam. The sources of data for the deductions and adjustments relating to U.S. price and normal value (NV) are discussed in greater detail in the Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.

## U.S. Price

                    For China, the petitioners based export price (EP) on a price quote for molded fiber products produced in and exported from China and sold or offered for sale in the U.S. market during the POI.[32]                                          For Vietnam, the petitioners based EP on transaction-specific average unit values (AUVs) (                    *i.e.,*                     month- and port-specific AUVs) derived from official import statistics and tied to ship manifest data.[33]                                          For each country, the petitioner made certain adjustments to U.S. price to calculate a net ex-factory U.S. price, where applicable.[34] 

## Normal Value

                    Commerce considers China and Vietnam to be NME countries.[35]                                          In accordance with section 771(18)(C)(i) of the Act, any determination that a foreign country is an NME country shall remain in effect until revoked by Commerce. Therefore, we continue to treat China and Vietnam as NME countries for purposes of the initiation of the China and Vietnam LTFV investigations. Accordingly, we base NV on FOPs valued in a surrogate market economy country in accordance with section 773(c) of the Act.                

                    The petitioners claim that Malaysia is an appropriate surrogate country for China because it is a market economy that is at a level of economic development comparable to that of China and is a significant producer of comparable merchandise.[36]                                          The petitioners provided publicly available information from Malaysia to value all FOPs except labor.[37]                                          Consistent with Commerce's recent practice in cases involving Malaysia as a surrogate country,[38]                                          to value labor, the petitioners provided data from another surrogate country, the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye).[39]                                          Based on the information provided by the petitioners, we believe it is appropriate to use Malaysia as a surrogate country for China to value all FOPs except labor and Türkiye to value labor for initiation purposes.                

                    The petitioners claim that Indonesia is an appropriate surrogate country for Vietnam because it is a market economy that is at a level of economic development comparable to that of Vietnam and is a significant producer of comparable merchandise.[40]                                          The petitioners provided publicly available information from Indonesia to value all FOPs.[41]                                          Based on the information provided by the petitioners, we believe it is appropriate to use Indonesia as a surrogate country for Vietnam to value all FOPs for initiation purposes.                
      ( print page 87554)    
Interested parties will have the opportunity to submit comments regarding surrogate country selection and, pursuant to 19 CFR 351.301(c)(3)(i), will be provided an opportunity to submit publicly available information to value FOPs within 30 days before the scheduled date of the preliminary determinations.

## Factors of Production

                    Because information regarding the volume of inputs consumed by Chinese and Vietnamese producers/exporters was not reasonably available, the petitioners used the production experience and product-specific consumption rates of a U.S. producer of molded fiber products as a surrogate to value Chinese and Vietnamese manufacturers' FOPs.[42]                                          Additionally, the petitioners calculated factory overhead, selling, general, and administrative expenses, and profit based on the experience of Malaysian and Indonesian producers of comparable merchandise for China and Vietnam, respectively.[43] 

## Fair Value Comparisons

                    Based on the data provided by the petitioners, there is reason to believe that imports of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam are being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. Based on comparisons of EP to NV in accordance with sections 772 and 773 of the Act, the estimated dumping margins for molded fiber products for each of the countries covered by this initiation are as follows: (1) China—477.97 percent; and (2) Vietnam—231.73 to 260.56 percent.[44] 

## Initiation of LTFV Investigations

Based upon the examination of the Petitions and supplemental responses, we find that they meet the requirements of section 732 of the Act. Therefore, we are initiating LTFV investigations to determine whether imports of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam are being, or are likely to be, sold in the United States at LTFV. In accordance with section 733(b)(1)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.205(b)(1), unless postponed, we will make our preliminary determinations no later than 140 days after the date of these initiations.

## Respondent Selection

                    In the Petitions, the petitioners identified 63 companies in China and eight companies in Vietnam as producers and/or exporters of molded fiber products.[45]                                          Our standard practice for respondent selection in AD investigations involving NME countries is to select respondents based on quantity and value (Q&V) questionnaires in cases where Commerce has determined that the number of companies is large, and it cannot individually examine each company based upon its resources. Therefore, considering the number of producers and/or exporters identified in the Petitions, Commerce will solicit Q&V information that can serve as a basis for selecting exporters for individual examination in the event that Commerce determines that the number is large and decides to limit the number of respondents individually examined pursuant to section 777A(c)(2) of the Act. Because there are 63 Chinese producers and/or exporters identified in the Petitions, Commerce has determined that it will issue Q&V questionnaires to the largest producers and/or exporters in China that are identified in the U.S. Customs and Border Protection POI entry data for which there is complete address information on the record.[46]                                          For Vietnam, because there are eight producers and/or exporters identified in the Petitions Commerce will issue a Q&V questionnaire to each potential respondent in Vietnam for which there is complete address information on the record.                

                    Commerce will post the Q&V questionnaires along with filing instructions on Commerce's website at                     *https://www.trade.gov/​ec-adcvd-case-announcements.*                     Producers/exporters of molded fiber products from China and Vietnam that do not receive Q&V questionnaires may still submit a response to the Q&V questionnaire and can obtain a copy of the Q&V questionnaire from Commerce's website. Responses to the Q&V questionnaire must be submitted by the relevant Chinese and Vietnamese producers/exporters no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on November 12, 2024, which is the next business day after two weeks from the signature date of this notice.[47]                                          All Q&V questionnaire responses must be filed electronically via ACCESS. An electronically filed document must be received successfully, in its entirety, by ACCESS no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on the deadline noted above.                

                    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under administrative protective order (APO) in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(b). As stated above, instructions for filing such applications may be found on Commerce's website at                     *https://www.trade.gov/​administrative-protective-orders.*

## Separate Rates

                    In order to obtain separate rate status in an NME investigation, exporters and producers must submit a separate rate application. The specific requirements for submitting a separate rate application in an NME investigation are outlined in detail in the application itself, which is available on Commerce's website at                     *https://access.trade.gov/​Resources/​nme/​nme-sep-rate.html.*                     The separate rate application will be due 30 days after publication of this initiation notice. Exporters and producers must file a timely separate rate application if they want to be considered for individual examination. Exporters and producers who submit a separate rate application and have been selected as mandatory respondents will be eligible for consideration for separate rate status only if they respond to all parts of Commerce's AD questionnaire as mandatory respondents. Commerce requires that companies from China and Vietnam submit a response both to the Q&V questionnaire and to the separate rate application by the respective deadlines to receive consideration for separate rate status. Companies not filing a timely Q&V questionnaire response will not receive separate rate consideration.                

## Use of Combination Rates

Commerce will calculate combination rates for certain respondents that are eligible for a separate rate in an NME investigation. The Separate Rates and Combination Rates Bulletin states:

                        {w}hile continuing the practice of assigning separate rates only to exporters, all separate rates that {Commerce} will now assign in its NME investigation will be specific to those producers that supplied the exporter during the period of investigation. Note, however, that one rate is calculated for the exporter and all of the producers which supplied subject merchandise to it during the period of investigation. This practice applies both to mandatory respondents receiving an individually calculated separate rate as well as the pool of non-investigated firms receiving the {weighted average} of the individually calculated rates. This practice is                               ( print page 87555)                            referred to as the application of “combination rates” because such rates apply to specific combinations of exporters and one or more producers. The cash-deposit rate assigned to an exporter will apply only to merchandise both exported by the firm in question                         *and*                         produced by a firm that supplied the exporter during the period of investigation.[48] 

## Distribution of Copies of the Petitions

In accordance with section 732(b)(3)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.202(f), copies of the public version of the Petitions have been provided to the governments of China and Vietnam via ACCESS. To the extent practicable, we will attempt to provide a copy of the public version of the Petitions to each exporter named in the Petitions, as provided under 19 CFR 351.203(c)(2).

## ITC Notification

Commerce will notify the ITC of our initiation, as required by section 732(d) of the Act.

## Preliminary Determinations by the ITC

                    The ITC will preliminarily determine, within 45 days after the date on which the Petitions were filed, whether there is a reasonable indication that imports of molded fiber products from China and/or Vietnam are materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, a U.S. industry.[49]                                          A negative ITC determination for any country will result in the investigation being terminated with respect to that country.[50]                                          Otherwise, these LTFV investigations will proceed according to statutory and regulatory time limits.                

## Submission of Factual Information

                    Factual information is defined in 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) as: (i) evidence submitted in response to questionnaires; (ii) evidence submitted in support of allegations; (iii) publicly available information to value factors under 19 CFR 351.408(c) or to measure the adequacy of remuneration under 19 CFR 351.511(a)(2); (iv) evidence placed on the record by Commerce; and (v) evidence other than factual information described in (i)-(iv). Section 351.301(b) of Commerce's regulations requires any party, when submitting factual information, to specify under which subsection of 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) the information is being submitted [51]                                          and, if the information is submitted to rebut, clarify, or correct factual information already on the record, to provide an explanation identifying the information already on the record that the factual information seeks to rebut, clarify, or correct.[52]                                          Time limits for the submission of factual information are addressed in 19 CFR 351.301, which provides specific time limits based on the type of factual information being submitted. Interested parties should review the regulations prior to submitting factual information in these investigations.                

## Extensions of Time Limits

                    Parties may request an extension of time limits before the expiration of a time limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by Commerce. In general, an extension request will be considered untimely if it is filed after the expiration of the time limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by Commerce.[53]                                          For submissions that are due from multiple parties simultaneously, an extension request will be considered untimely if it is filed after 10:00 a.m. ET on the due date. Under certain circumstances, Commerce may elect to specify a different time limit by which extension requests will be considered untimely for submissions which are due from multiple parties simultaneously. In such a case, we will inform parties in a letter or memorandum of the deadline (including a specified time) by which extension requests must be filed to be considered timely. An extension request must be made in a separate, standalone submission; under limited circumstances we will grant untimely filed requests for the extension of time limits, where we determine, based on 19 CFR 351.302, that extraordinary circumstances exist. Parties should review Commerce's regulations concerning the extension of time limits and the                     *Time Limits Final Rule*                     prior to submitting factual information in these investigations.[54] 

## Certification Requirements

                    Any party submitting factual information in an AD or CVD proceeding must certify to the accuracy and completeness of that information.[55]                                          Parties must use the certification formats provided in 19 CFR 351.303(g).[56]                                          Commerce intends to reject factual submissions if the submitting party does not comply with the applicable certification requirements.                

## Notification to Interested Parties

                    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under APO in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305. Parties wishing to participate in these investigations should ensure that they meet the requirements of 19 CFR 351.103(d) (                    *e.g.,*                     by filing the required letter of appearance). Note that Commerce has amended certain of its requirements pertaining to the service of documents in 19 CFR 351.303(f).[57] 

This notice is issued and published pursuant to sections 732(c)(2) and 777(i) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.203(c).

Dated: October 28, 2024.

Ryan Majerus,

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance. 

## Appendix

## Scope of the Investigations

The merchandise subject to these investigations consists of thermoformed molded fiber products regardless of shape, form, function, fiber source, or finish. Thermoformed molded fiber products are formed with cellulose fibers, thermoformed using one or more heated molds, and dried/cured in the mold.

Thermoformed molded fiber products include, but are not limited to, plates, bowls, clamshells, trays, lids, food or foodservice contact packaging, and consumer or other product packaging.

                        Thermoformed molded fiber products are relatively dense, with a typical fiber density above 0.5 grams per cubic centimeter, and are generally characterized by relatively smooth surfaces. They may be derived from any virgin or recycled cellulose fiber source (including, but not limited to, those sourced from wood, woody crops, agricultural crops/byproducts/residue, and agricultural/industrial/other waste). They may have any weight, shape, dimensionality, design, or size, and may be bleached, unbleached, dyed, colored, or printed. They may include ingredients, additives, or chemistries to enhance functionality including, but not limited to, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, heat/flame resistant, hydrophobic, oleophobic, absorbent, or adsorbent.                               ( print page 87556)                            Thermoformed molded fiber products may also be subject to other processing or treatments, including, but not limited to, hot or after pressing, die-cutting, punching, trimming, padding, perforating, printing, labeling, dying, coloring, coating, laminating, embossing, debossing, repacking, or denesting. Thermoformed molded fiber products subject to these investigations may also have additional design features, including, but not limited to, tab closures, venting, channeling, or stiffening.                    

                        Thermoformed molded fiber products remain covered by the scope of these investigations whether the subject product is encased by exterior packaging or whether the subject product forms the outer packaging for non-subject products. They also remain covered by the scope of these investigations whether imported alone, or in any combination of subject and non-subject merchandise (                        *e.g.,*                         a lid or cover of any type packaged with a molded fiber bowl, addition of any items to make the thermoformed molded fiber packaging suitable for end-use such as absorbent pads). When thermoformed molded fiber products are imported in combination with non-subject merchandise, only the thermoformed molded fiber products are subject merchandise.                    

                        Excluded from the scope of these investigations are thermoformed molded fiber products imported as packaging material that enclose and/or surround non-subject merchandise prepackaged for final sale upon importation into the United States (                        *e.g.,*                         molded fiber packaging surrounding a cellular phone).                    

Thermoformed molded fiber products include thermoformed molded fiber products matching the above description that have been finished, packaged, or otherwise processed in a third country by performing finishing, packaging, or processing that would not otherwise remove the merchandise from the scope of the investigations if performed in the country of manufacture of the thermoformed molded fiber products. Examples of finishing, packaging, or other processing in a third country that would not otherwise remove the merchandise from the scope of the investigations if performed in the country of manufacture of the thermoformed molded fiber products include, but are not limited to, hot or after pressing, die-cutting, punching, trimming, padding, perforating, printing, labeling, dying, coloring, coating, laminating, embossing, debossing, repacking, or denesting.

Thermoformed molded fiber products are classified under subheadings 7823.70.0020 and 4823.70.0040, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). Imports may also be classified under subheadings 4823.61.0020, 4823.61.0040, 4823.69.0020, 4823.69.0040, 4823.90.1000, HTSUS. References to the HTSUS classification are provided for convenience and customs purposes, and the written description of the merchandise under investigation is dispositive.

# Footnotes

1.                                                     *See*                         Petitioners' Letter, “Petitions for the Imposition of Antidumping and Countervailing Duties,” dated October 8, 2024 (Petitions).                    
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2.                                                     *Id.*
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3.                                                     *See*                         Commerce's Letters, “Supplemental Questions,” dated October 11, 2024 (First General Issues Questionnaire);                         *see also*                         Country-Specific AD Supplemental Questionnaires: China Supplemental and Vietnam Supplemental, dated October 11, 2024; and Memorandum, “Phone Call,” dated October 22, 2024 (October 22, 2024, Memorandum).                    
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4.                                                     *See*                         Petitioners' Letters, “Responses to Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petition Supplemental Questionnaire,” dated October 16, 2024 (First General Issues Supplement);                         *see also*                         Country-Specific AD Supplemental Responses: China AD Supplement and Vietnam AD Supplement, dated October 16, 2024; and Petitioners' Letter, “Responses to Second Supplemental Questionnaire,” dated October 24, 2024 (Second General Issues Supplement).                    
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5.                             Genera and Tellus Products, LLC are interested parties under section 771(9)(C) of the Act, while the USW is an interested party under section 771(9)(D) of the Act.                    
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6.                                                     *See*                         section on “Determination of Industry Support for the Petitions,”                         *infra.*
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7.                                                     *See*                         First General Issues Questionnaire;                         *see also*                         October 22, 2024, Memorandum.                    
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8.                                                     *See*                         First General Issues Supplement at 2-4;                         *see also*                         Second General Issues Supplement at 1-4.                    
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9.                                                     *See Antidumping Duties; Countervailing Duties, Final Rule,*62 FR 27296, 27323 (May 19, 1997) (                        *Preamble*);                         *see also*19 CFR 351.312.                    
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10.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) (defining “factual information”).                    
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11.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). The deadline for scope comments falls on November 17, 2024, which is a Sunday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), Commerce will accept comments filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 18, 2024 (“For both electronically filed and manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next business day.”).                    
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12.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). The deadline for rebuttal scope comments falls on November 28, 2024, which is a Federal holiday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), Commerce will accept comments filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 29, 2024 (“For both electronically filed and manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next business day.”).                    
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13.                                                     *See Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings: Electronic Filing Procedures; Administrative Protective Order Procedures,*76 FR 39263 (July 6, 2011);                         *see also Enforcement and Compliance: Change of Electronic Filing System Name,*79 FR 69046 (November 20, 2014) for details of Commerce's electronic filing requirements, effective August 5, 2011. Information on using ACCESS can be found at                         *https://access.trade.gov/​help.aspx*                         and a handbook can be found at                         *https://access.trade.gov/​help/​Handbook_​on_​Electronic_​Filing_​Procedures.pdf.*
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14.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). The deadline for comments on product characteristics falls on November 17, 2024, which is a Sunday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), Commerce will accept comments filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 18, 2024 (“For both electronically filed and manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next business day.”).                    
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15.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). The deadline for rebuttal product characteristics comments falls on November 28, 2024, which is a Federal holiday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), Commerce will accept comments filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 29, 2024 (“For both electronically filed and manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next business day.”).                    
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16.                                                     *See*                         section 771(10) of the Act.                    
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17.                                                     *See USEC, Inc.*                         v.                         *United States,*                         132 F. Supp. 2d 1, 8 (CIT 2001) (citing                         *Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd.*                         v.                         *United States,*                         688 F. Supp. 639, 644 (CIT 1988),                         *aff'd Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd.*                         v.                         *United States,*                         865 F.2d 240 (Fed. Cir. 1989)).                    
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18.                             For a discussion of the domestic like product analysis as applied to these cases and information regarding industry support,                         *see*                         Checklists, “Antidumping Duty Investigation Initiation Checklists: Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products from the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,” dated concurrently with, and hereby adopted by, this notice (Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists), at Attachment II, Analysis of Industry Support for the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products from the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Attachment II). These checklists are on file electronically via ACCESS.                    
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19.                                                     *See*                         Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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20.                                                     *Id.*
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21.                             For further discussion,                         *see*                         Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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22.                                                     *See*                         Eco-Products' Letter, “Comments on Domestic Industry Support,” dated October 21, 2024.                    
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23.                                                     *See*                         Petitioners' Letter, “Rebuttal Comments on Domestic Industry Support,” dated October 23, 2024 (Petitioners' Rebuttal).                    
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24.                                                     *See*                         Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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25.                                                     *Id.; see also*                         section 732(c)(4)(D) of the Act.                    
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26.                                                     *See*                         Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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27.                                                     *Id.*
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28.                                                     *Id.*
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29.                             For further information regarding negligibility and the injury allegation,                         *see*                         Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists at Attachment III, Analysis of Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and Causation for the Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products from the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Attachment III).                    
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30.                                                     *Id.*
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31.                                                     *Id.*
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32.                                                     *See*                         China AD Initiation Checklist.                    
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33.                                                     *See*                         Vietnam AD Initiation Checklist.                    
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34.                                                     *See*                         Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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35.                                                     *See, e.g.,**Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances,*88 FR 15372 (March 13, 2023), and accompanying Preliminary Decision Memorandum at 5, unchanged in                         *Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof from the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less-Than-Fair Value and Final Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances,*88 FR 34485 (May 30, 2023);                         *see also, e.g.,**Raw Honey from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review,*89 FR 64411 (August 7, 2024), and accompanying NME Analysis Memorandum at 5.                    
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36.                                                     *See*                         China AD Initiation Checklist.                    
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37.                                                     *Id.*
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38.                                                     *See, e.g., Certain Collated Steel Staples from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; and Final Determination of No Shipments; 2021-2022,*88 FR 85242 (December 7, 2023), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum (IDM) at Comment 2; and                         *Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review,*88 FR 15671 (March 14, 2023), and accompanying IDM at Comment 2.                    
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39.                                                     *See*                         China AD Initiation Checklist.                    
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40.                                                     *See*                         Vietnam AD Initiation Checklist.                    
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41.                                                     *Id.*
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42.                                                     *See*                         Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists.                    
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43.                                                     *Id.*
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44.                                                     *Id.*
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45.                                                     *See*                         Petitions at Volume I (page 15 and Exhibit I-15).                    
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46.                                                     *See*                         Memorandum, “Release of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Entry Data,” dated October 25, 2024.                    
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47.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). The deadline for Q&V questionnaire responses falls on November 11, 2024, which is a Federal holiday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), Commerce will accept responses to the Q&V questionnaire filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on November 12, 2024 (“For both electronically filed and manually filed documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next business day.”).                    
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48.                                                             *See*                             Enforcement and Compliance's Policy Bulletin No. 05.1, regarding, “Separate-Rates Practice and Application of Combination Rates in Antidumping Investigation involving NME Countries,” (April 5, 2005) at 6 (emphasis added), available on Commerce's website at                             *https://access.trade.gov/​Resources/​policy/​bull05-1.pdf.*
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49.                                                     *See*                         section 733(a) of the Act.                    
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50.                                                     *Id.*
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51.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.301(b).                    
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52.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.301(b)(2).                    
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53.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.301;                         *see also Extension of Time Limits; Final Rule,*78 FR 57790 (September 20, 2013) (                        *Time Limits Final Rule*), available at                         *https://www.gpo.gov/​fdsys/​pkg/​FR-2013-09-20/​html/​2013-22853.htm.*
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54.                                                     *See*19 CFR 351.302;                         *see also, e.g., Time Limits Final Rule.*
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55.                                                     *See*                         section 782(b) of the Act.                    
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56.                                                     *See Certification of Factual Information to Import Administration During Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings,*78 FR 42678 (July 17, 2013) (                        *Final Rule*). Additional information regarding the                         *Final Rule*                         is available at                         *https://access.trade.gov/​Resources/​filing/​index.html.*
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57.                                                     *See Administrative Protective Order, Service, and Other Procedures in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings,*88 FR 67069 (September 29, 2023).                    
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[FR Doc. 2024-25562 Filed 11-1-24; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P