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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">1924 Building – Room 2R90, 100 Alabama Street SW</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3104</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Secretary o</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">f Labor</span><span style="text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> </span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Complainant,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> </span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">                        v.</span></p>
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								</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">OSHRC Docket<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">No.<span>
									</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">16-0256</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Jesco, Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1px; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">           Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:0px; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Appearances:  </span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">                               </span></p>
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				<p style="text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">John A. Black</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, Esquire, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor,</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">For the Secretary</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">McCord Wilson</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Esquire,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Rader & Campbell</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, P.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Dallas, Texas</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Respondent</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">BEFORE:</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Sharon D. Calhoun</span></p>
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				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; line-height:1.15; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Jesco, Inc. was hired by Sunshine Mills, a dry pet food manufacturer, to replace a bucket conveyor system at its plant in Tupelo, Mississippi. On September 13, 2015, an employee of Jesco was killed while working with other Jesco employees to remove the old bucket conveyor system. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">conducted a fatality investigation. On January 15, 2016, the Secretary issued a Citation and Notification of Penalty</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">to Jesco alleging it committed four violations of OSHA’s Construction Standards. </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">At issue in this proceeding is Item 4 of the Citation, which alleges a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.850(d), for failing to temporarily relocate or pro</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">tect a necessary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">electrical power line during demolition.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The Secretary proposes a penalty of $7,000.00 for Item 4.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court held a hearing in this matter on September 27, 2016, in Tupelo, Mississippi. The parties filed briefs on December 5, 2016. Jesco argues 29 C.F.R. § 1926.850(d) does not apply to the cited conditions.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">For the reasons that follow, the Court finds 29 C.F.R. § 1926.850(d) does not apply to the cited conditions. The Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">VACATES</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Item 4. No penalty is assessed.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">Background</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">In July of 2015, Sunshine Mills hired Jesco to replace one of two bucket conveyor systems in its plant in Tupelo, Mississippi. Sunshine Mills and Jesco had a longstanding working relationship. The system being replaced is referred to as Bucket Elevator #2 (Bucket Elevator #1, located approximately 8 feet from Bucket Elevator #2, was replaced in late 2013 or early 2014) (Exh. C-4; Tr. 25-30, 43).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Bucket Elevators #1 and #2 are in the tunnel shaft of the facility (Exh. C-106A; Tr. 29-30). The bucket conveyor system operates as a vertical loop that carries pet food in buckets attached to a conveyor belt from the ground floor to a bin storage system at the top of the building. The bin storage system is approximately 50 to 60 feet above ground level (Tr. 28).</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The conveyor belt with attached buckets is housed vertically inside connected 8-foot long steel casings that make up the two “legs.” The casings are approximately 8 inches wide. On the up side of one leg, the conveyor belt transports the buckets upward. After reaching the top of the loop, the buckets travel downward on the down side of the other leg (Exh. C-110A; Tr. 45-47, 49).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Bucket Elevator #2 is 80 to 85 feet high (Tr. 48). The legs of Bucket Elevator #2 are attached to the tunnel shaft walls with angle iron (Tr. 185). Bucket Elevator #2 is powered by a motor and drive pulley located at the top of the elevator in the head section. The boot section of the elevator (at ground level) also contains a pulley wheel around which the conveyor belt runs. To remove the old bucket conveyor system, Jesco needed to cut through the angle iron attaching the assembly to the tunnel shaft walls and remove the old parts with a crane, which was parked in the south parking lot. The crane removed the steel casings in 20- to 30-foot long sections at a time. Sunshine Mills planned to sell the metal casings as scrap, dispose of the conveyor belt, and possibly keep the buckets, depending on their condition (Tr. 52, 55-56, 67, 97). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">A man lift is located in the tunnel shaft area between Bucket Elevators #1 and #2. It is used to transport plant personnel between the ground level and the upper dry bin level. The man<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">lift consists of a passenger compartment with a safety door that ascen</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ds and descends on guiderails. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The passenger compartment is not enclosed. The man lift is operated by electrical power controlled in the motor control center (Tr. 68). During the bucket elevator replacement project, Jesco used the top of the man lift passenger compartment as a work platform for its employees. An employee stood on top of the man lift to unbolt sections of Bucket Elevator #2 (Exh. C-4; Tr. 54). </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">At some point, Jesco removed sheet metal siding at the upper level of Bucket Elevator #2 and discovered a junction box mounted to an I-beam with conduit running into it on one side and out from the other side (Tr. 105). Neither Jesco nor Sunshine Mills had been aware of the existence of the junction box. Jesco and Sunshine Mills representatives examined the junction box and held a meeting to discuss it. Sunshine Mills</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>plant</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>electrician Bobby Norris told the Jesco representatives he could move the junction box. Jesco declined, responding it “could work around the junction box.” (Tr. 128) Due to the location of the junction box, Jesco decided it needed to remove one side of the leg casing at a time with the crane, instead of lifting both sides simultaneously as it had planned (Tr. 77, 104-108, 110, 125-129).<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Work on the project began around the second week of September 2015. To use the top of the man lift as a work platform, Jesco secured the man lift guide rail to the bin walls. On Sunday, September 13, 2015, Jesco was using the crane to remove three connected sections of leg casings from the shaft of Bucket Elevator #2. Jesco Employee #1 was on top of the man lift, cutting the angle iron that connected the metal legs to the tunnel shaft walls. Employee #2 was inside the passenger compartment of the man lift so he could operate the controls to position it for Employee #1. As the crane lifted the connected leg casings, a section struck the conduit connected to the junction box, causing the man lift to ascend to the top of its shaft. Employee #1 was crushed between the top of the man lift and the shaft ceiling (Tr. 79, 93).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">OSHA compliance safety and health officer (CSHO) David Young arrived at the Sunshine Mills’s facility the next day, Monday, September 14, 2015, and opened a fatality investigation. He conducted interviews and took photographs. Based on CSHO Young’s inspection, the Secretary issued the Citation to Jesco on January 15, 2016.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">JURISDICTION AND COVERAGE</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> </span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Jesco timely contested the Citation and Notification of Penalty on January 28, 2016. The parties stipulate the Commission has jurisdiction over this action and Jesco is a covered employer under the O</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">ccupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. §§ 651-678 (Act)<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 13). Based on the parties' stipulations and the record evidence, the Court finds the Commission has jurisdiction over this proceeding under § </span><span style="color:#252525; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">10</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(</span><span style="color:#252525; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">c</span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">) of the Act</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Jesco<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">is a covered employer under § 3(5) of the Act.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">CITATION NO. 1</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">Item 4: Alleged Serious Violation of § 1926.850(d)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Item 4 of the Citation alleges, “On or about September 14, 2015, electrical power to the special purpose personnel elevator was not temporarily relocated, as necessary, and protected during demolition work.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.850(d) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="background-color:#FFFFFF; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">If it is necessary to maintain any power, water or other utilities during demolition, such lines shall be temporarily relocated, as necessary, and protected.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">The Secretary’s Burden of Proof</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">To establish a violation of a safety or health OSHA standard, the Secretary must prove: (1) the cited standard applies; (2) its terms were violated; (3) employees were exposed to the violative condition; and (4) the employer knew or could have known with the exercise of reasonable diligence of the violative condition.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See Astra Pharm. Prods., Inc</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in pertinent part</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; ">Applicability of the Cited Standard</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.850(d) is found in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Subpart T—Demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">of the Construction Standards. </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Jesco’s sole defense in this case is the Secretary cited an inapplicable standard. Counsel for Jesco stated in his opening argument, “The standard simply doesn’t apply because this wasn’t demolition.” (Tr. 18)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">T</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">he Work Being Performed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Was Not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Demolition</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.32(g) defines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">construction work</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as “</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating.” Therefore, to qualify as demolition, a work assignment must manifest some quality other than “construction, alteration and/or repair,” which<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">applies to general construction work. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">OSHA’s Construction Standards do not define<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 150, 183).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young testified that when he interviewed Jesco superintendent Darryl Cooks, Cooks referred to the removal of Bucket Elevator #2 as “’demo,’ meaning demolition.” (Tr. 199) CSHO Young stated Cooks’s use of the word “demo” “weighed a little bit in the factor” of his conclusion Jesco was engaged in demolition work (Tr. 201). The inspection at issue was CSHO Young’s first inspection for which he recommended issuing a citation for violations under<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Subpart T—Demolition</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 197). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court concludes the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">text of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">cited standard alone does not make clear the definition of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">demolition.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">When determining the meaning of a standard, the Commission must first look to its text and structure.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Superior Masonry Builders Inc.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 20 BNA OSHC 1182, 1184 (No. 96-1043, 2003). “If the meaning of the [regulatory] language is “sufficiently clear,' the inquiry ends there.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Beverly Healthcare-Hillview</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 21 BNA OSHC 1684, 1685 (No. 04-1091, 2006) (consolidated) (citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Unarco Commercial Prods.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1499, 1502 (No. 89-1555, 1993)),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">aff'd in relevant part</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 541 F.3d 193 (3d Cir. 2008). If “the meaning of [regulatory] language is not free from doubt,” the standard is ambiguous.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Martin v. OSHRC (CF & I Steel Corp.)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 499 U.S. 144, 150-51 (1991);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">see also Exelon Generation Co. v. Local 15, Int'l Bhd. of Elec. Workers</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 676 F.3d 566, 570 (7th Cir. 2012) (“A regulation is ‘ambiguous' as applied to a particular dispute or circumstance when more than one interpretation is ‘plausible’ and ‘the text alone does not permit a more definitive reading.”’ (citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Chase Bank USA, N.A. v. McCoy</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 562 U.S. 195, 207 (2011)));<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Sec'y of Labor v. Beverly Healthcare-Hillview</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 541 F.3d 193, 197-98 (3d Cir. 2008) (citing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">CF & I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">'s ““free from doubt” test). Only if the standard is ambiguous will the Commission defer to the Secretary's reasonable interpretation of that standard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">CF & I</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 499 U.S. at 150-51, 158;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Unarco</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1502-03.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:13.333px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">The Davey Tree Expert Co</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">., 25 BNA OSHC 1933, 1934 (No. 11-2556, 2016).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young acknowledged OSHA does not define<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">demolition,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">but “it’s referenced, though, through the ANSI standard.” (Tr. 183) ANSI/ASSE A10.6-2006 addresses</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Safety and Health Program Requirements for Demolition Operations.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> Section 3.9 of A10.6 defines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">as, “Dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or any part thereof.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(emphasis added) This definition leads to consideration of another ambiguous term<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">upon which the parties cannot agree. It is undisputed Bucket Elevator #2 is not a building. But is it a “structure”? “The Secretary’s position is that the bucket elevator was a structure within the meaning of the ANSI standard (and, thus, encompassed by ‘demolition’ in the OSHA standard). The bucket elevator was a large object—more than 80 feet tall—comprised from many different parts, which had been assembled, erected, and physically attached to and made a part of the Sunshine Mills plant.” (Secretary’s brief, p. 11)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Jesco disagrees. “The unambiguous commonly understood meaning of both building and structure do not include things such as the conveyor belt system being removed by Respondent.” (Jesco’s brief, p.11)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young was unable to provide a reference for his assertion the bucket elevator conveyor was a structure.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Q.: I unders</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">tand you’re saying that [Jesco wa</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">s] removing [the bucket elevator conveyor], cutting it away, whatever. I’m trying to focus on why you’re saying it’s a structure. And I think what you said was that it’s part of their manufacturing work, correct?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young: That is correct.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Q.: Are those the two elements that you looked to to determine that the conveyor system was a structure?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young: No. The conveyor system is a structure by itself.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Q.: Based on what definition?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young: My judgment.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Q.: Anything else?</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young: No.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Tr. 189)<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Structure</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>has been defined as “a building or other object constructed from several parts.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Structure, New Oxford American Dictionary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(3</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">rd</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ed. 2010)</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Scope</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section of the A</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">10.6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§ 1.1, provides, “This standard applies to the demolition of buildings and other structures.” The use of the word<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structures</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must be considered when determining the meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structures. “</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">See, e.g.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. Wong Kim Bo</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 472 F.2d 720, 722 (5th Cir. 1972) (“[W]ords in statutes should not be discarded as ‘meaningless' and ‘surplusage’ when Congress specifically and expressly included them....”);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">accord<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">[</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">AKM LLC dba</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">]<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Volks<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">[</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Constructors v. Secretary of Labor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">]</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 675 F.3d [752,] 756 [(D.C. Cir. 2012)] (“[W]e must be ‘hesitant to adopt an interpretation of a congressional enactment which renders superfluous another portion of that same law.’ ” (quoting<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 564 U.S. 162, 185, 131 S.Ct. 2313, 180 L.Ed.2d 187 (2011))).” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Delek Ref., Ltd. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 845 F.3d 170, 177–78 (5th Cir. 2016).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Thibodeaux v. Grasso Production Management Inc.,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>370 F.3d 486 (5th Cir. 2004), the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit addressed the issue of whether a fixed oil production platform was a covered situs under § 903(a) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (LHWCA). Section 903(a) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Except as otherwise provided in this section, compensation shall be payable under this chapter in respect of disability or death of an employee, but only if the disability or death results from an injury occurring upon the navigable waters of the United States (including any adjoining pier, wharf, dry dock, terminal, building way, marine railway, or other adjoining area customarily used by an employer in loading, unloading, repairing, dismantling, or building a vessel).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court of Appeals stated it had adopted “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">a functional approach to construing the parenthetically enumerated structures in </span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=L&pubNum=1000546&cite=33USCAS903&originatingDoc=I02d085b88a0511d98b51ba734bfc3c79&refType=LQ&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.History*oc.Search)"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§ 903(a)</span></a><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at 488-89. The Court of Appeals interpreted the word<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">before the phrase<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">adjoining area</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>as meaning “additional.”</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">[W]e note that in context the word “other” in the phrase “or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>adjoining area customarily used by an employer in loading [or] unloading” (emphasis added) means something to the effect of “additional,” and necessarily refers back to the enumerated structures, indicating that what follows will have some resemblance to what preceded. It is reasonable to surmise that Congress intended for the additional unspecified “adjoining areas” to have qualities similar to those possessed by the enumerated structures, such as being used for a maritime purpose. Thus the similarity between the enumerated structures and any qualifying structure in the catch-all “other adjoining area” category is that structures in both categories customarily are used for a maritime purpose such as loading and unloading vessels.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:13.333px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at 491.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">This approach is in accordance with two other basic principles of statutory construction,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">noscitur a sociis<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">ejusdem generis</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">. “The canon<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">noscitur a sociis,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>‘a word is known by the company it keeps,’ is ‘often wisely applied where a word is capable of many meanings in order to avoid the giving of unintended breadth to the Acts of Congress.’<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Hickman v. Texas,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>260 F.3d 400, 403 (5th Cir.2001) (quotations omitted).”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">at 491. “</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Ejusdem generis</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>means ‘of the same kind,’ and is a variation of the maxim<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">noscitur a sociis. Ejusdem generis</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>instructs that, where general words follow specific words in an enumeration describing a statute's legal subject, the general words are construed to embrace only objects similar in nature to those objects enumerated by the preceding specific words.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">United States v. Kaluza</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, 780 F.3d 647, 657 (5th Cir. 2015)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court of Appeals concluded the fixed oil production platform did not qualify as any of the enumerated structures in § 903(a), nor as an “other adjoining area,” because it was not customarily used for a maritime purpose.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Here,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>must refer to “buildings,” which is the only other item listed in the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Scope</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section of the A10.6. Jesco argues,<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Since the language used [in the</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Scope<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">section of A10.6] was “buildings and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>structures,” instead of “buildings and structures” we know that the two words are used synonymously in the standard. . . . The OSHA demolition standards also use the two words synonymously and interchangeabl[y]. 1926.850(k) states that “[e]mployee entrances to multistory<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structures</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>being demolished shall be completely protected by sidewalk sheds or canopies, or both, providing protection from the face of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for a minimum of 8 feet.” (Emphasis added). The standard switches midsentence between structures and building, but it is clear that both words are referring to the same thing: the building/structure being demolished.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">(Jesco’s brief, p. 7)</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court does not agree the words<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">are synonymous and interchangeable (otherwise the ANSI and OSHA standards would just choose one word to use), but agrees, as explained by the court in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Thibodaux “</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">that what follows [</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">other</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">] will have some resemblance to what preceded. It is reasonable to surmise that Congress intended for the additional unspecified [</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">] to have qualities similar to those possessed by [</span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">building</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">.]” </span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Thibodaux,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">370 F.3d at 491.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">CSHO Young conceded the bucket elevator conveyor was not structural, in that it did not support anything. Bucket Elevator #2 was not load-bearing or foundational, and Jesco did not remove any walls or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">floor</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">s during the project (Tr. 185, 195-196). Section 1926.850(a) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Prior to permitting employees to start demolition operations, an engineering survey shall be made, by a competent person, of the structure to determine the condition of the framing, floors, and walls, and possibility of unplanned collapse of any portion of the structure. Any adjacent structure where employees may be exposed shall also be similarly checked. The employer shall have in writing evidence that such a survey has been performed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">In this subpart of § 1926.850 (the same standard cited here), the employer is required to have a competent person, prior to starting demolition operations, make an engineering survey of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure,<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">to determine the condition of the</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>framing, floors,</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">walls.</span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "> The standard presumes the elements of a structure are similar to the elements of a building: framing, floors, and walls. Nothing in the standard indicates<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>encompasses a conveyor system such as the one at issue. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.851(a) provides: </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Only those stairways, passageways, and ladders, designated as means of access to the structure of a building, shall be used. Other access ways shall be entirely closed at all times.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The standard refers to the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure of a building</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, indicating again the elements of framing, floors, and walls. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.852(a) provides:</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">No material shall be dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the structure unless the area is effectively protected.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Again, the standard presumes the structure will have exterior walls. Section 1926.854 addresses the removal of walls; § 1926.855 addresses the removal of floors. “R</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">egulations are to be read as a whole with each part or section construed in connection with every other part or section.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">The Davey Tree Expert Co.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">25 BNA OSHC at 1934. T</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">he demolition standards as a<span>
						</span></span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">whole address “dismantling, razing, destroying, or wrecking” elements associated with buildings. Because A10.6 applies to “buildings and other structures,” the structures must have a quality in common with buildings. Bucket Elevator #2, which is a conveyor belt housed inside an 8-inch wide steel casing, is not akin to framing, floors, or walls. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">“</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">An agency's interpretation of its standards is entitled to deference when it is reasonable and consistent with the language of the standard.</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Brand Energy Sols. LLC,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">25 BNA OSHC 1</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">386, 1390 (No. 09-1048, 2015). </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Here, the Secretary’s interpretation of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>is not reasonable and is at odds with the language of the standard. </span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Secretary is asking the Court to strain the common meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">structure</span><span style="color:#000000; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to cover a piece of equipment. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:48px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">“In an adjudicatory proceeding, the Commission should not strain the plain and natural meaning of words....”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. Occupational Safety & Health Rev. Comm'n,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>573 F.2d 157, 161 (3d Cir.1978). There is a clear purpose behind this precedent of refusing to support strained interpretations of agency regulations: To do so “for the purpose of alleviating a perceived safety hazard is to delay the day when the occupational safety and health regulations will be written in clear and concise language so that employers will be better able to understand and observe them.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Diamond Roofing Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Rev. Comm'n,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>528 F.2d 645, 650 (5th Cir.1976).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:13.333px; margin-bottom:13.333px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Fabi Const. Co. v. Sec'y of Labor,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>508 F.3d 1077, 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2007).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The Court determines the Secretary failed to establish Bucket Elevator #2 was a structure within the meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Subpart T—Demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Scope</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section of A10.6. Because Bucket Elevator #2 was not a structure, Jesco was not engaged in a demolition operation when removing it. Section 1926.850(d) does not apply to the cited conditions. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">It Was Not Necessary to Maintain the Electrical Power to the Man Lift</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Even if Bucket Elevator #2 were determined to be a structure within the meaning of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Subpart T—Demolition<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">and the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">Scope</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section of A10</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">:6</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">, the Secretary still failed to establish applicability of the cited standard. </span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Section 1926.850(d) requires the employer to temporarily relocate or protect a utility line “[i]f it is necessary to maintain.” Here, it was not necessary to maintain the electrical power for the man lift. Philip Bates, vice-president of manufacturing for Sunshine Mills, testified the electrical controls for the man lift could have been locked out (Tr. 69-70). He stated Jesco could still use the top of the man lift as a work platform if it were locked out. “[Jesco] would have taken the man lift to the location that they wanted to work and then<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">basically come down—there’s a ladder system next to the man lift that they could have come back to ground level and locked and tagged out the elevator and then went back to that location to work on it.” (Tr. 74)</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Bobby Norris, the plant electrician for Sunshine Mills, testified the junction box serviced only the man lift, so no other system would be affected if the man lift power were locked out. “[The junction box] was strictly the controls for the push buttons, limit switches, door switches, everything that controlled the man lift. . . . We knew all along that it did not serve anything except the man lift. It only served the man lift.” (Tr. 129)</span><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Secretary conceded it was possible for Jesco to lockout the man lift, acknowledging it was not necessary to maintain the power. “Jesco elected not to lock-out and tag-out the man lift power when [Employee #1] was on top of the passenger compartment, which would have de-energized the junction box and conduit while the crane lifted out the leg casing sections.” (Secretary’s brief, p. 8) The Court determines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">it was not necessary to maintain the electrical power to the man lift while removing the Bucket Elevator #2; thus,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">§ 1926.850(d) does not apply to the cited conditions.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Item 4 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">VACATED.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">The foregoing decision constitutes the findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:center; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Based on the foregoing decision, it is hereby ORDERED:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">Item 4 of Citation No. 1, alleging a violation of § 1926.850(d), is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">VACATED<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">and no penalty is assessed.</span></p>
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				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:384px; widows:2; orphans:2; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/</span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; text-decoration:underline ;"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-style:italic; ">
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				<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; ">April 3, 2017</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">SHARON D. CALHOUN</span></p>
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				<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span>Administrative Law Judge<span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
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				<p style="margin-left:336px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Atlanta, Georgia</span></p>
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					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
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					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">1 </span></a><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>During the pre-hearing conference held in this proceeding on September 24, 2016, the parties informed the Court they had settled Items 1 through 3 of the Citation. The parties submitted a written settlement agreement regarding those items on October 26, 2016, which the Court approved October 31, 2016. </p>
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					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>The Court took judicial notice of ANSI/ASSE A10.6-2006 at the hearing (Tr. 175-176).</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Despite his conclusion that Jesco was engaged in a demolition operation, CSHO Young did not recommend citing Jesco for a violation of § 1926.850(a) because “it depends on what you’re doing with the demolition to get an engineering survey. <span style="font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">If it involves structure, that you’re removing a wall</span>, yeah, you’d want to get a competent person . . . to look at that before you do the dismantling because it could bring on a whole new kind of ball game. [In this case, Jesco] didn’t need an engineer to look at it.” (Tr. 196-187) (emphasis added). Section 1926.850(a) does not distinguish among different<span><span></span>
					</span>types of demolition operations in its requirement of an engineering survey.</p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:justify; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a><span style="position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span>Jesco Employee #3, who flagged the crane the day of the accident, stated the junction box powered both the man lift and Bucket Elevator #1 (which was still in use) (Tr. 106). This is contrary to the testimony of Bates and Norris, both of whom worked for Sunshine Mill and who were more knowledgeable about the plant’s electrical system. The Court does not credit the testimony of Employee #3 on this issue.</p>
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