ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 58 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0619; FRL-9915-16-OAR]

RIN 2060-AR59

PLEASE READ: ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT This document is being provided in response to a st atement in the preamble committing EPA to the development of a redline draft of the proposed changes contained in this pro posal. The text in the following pages was created through a compare process between the current regulatory text and the revisions in this proposal. Users are cautioned that this compar e process may create scenarios where changes have appeared to bee n made (or blocks of text deleted) when no such changes were p roposed in the rule. This occurs because only sections of the Part 58 text were revised and the proposal draft uses “asterisks ” to skip over unaffected portions of the CFR language. EPA h as attempted to minimize these occurrences whenever possible. A dditionally, the compare process highlights unchanged text block s that were simply relocated. This occurs quite frequently in Appendix A since that section was restructured for clarity. U sers will note that no redline section is present for Appendi x B sincethis is a new section that is being proposed for re placing a

section that was reserved in 2006. Users are strongly urged to base their comments on the actual text printed in the Federal Register notice for thi s proposal: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-09-11/html/201 4-19758.htm Lewis Weinstock§58.1 Definitions.

As used in this part, all terms not defined herein have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act.
AADT means the annual average daily traffic.
Act means the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7 401, et seq.)
Additive and multiplicative bias means the linear r egression intercept and slope of a linear plot fitted to corr esponding candidate and reference method mean measurement dat a pairs.

Administrator means the Administrator of the Enviro nmental Protection Agency (EPA) or his or her authorized re presentative.
Air Quality System (AQS) means the EPA's computerized system for storing and reporting of information relating to am bient air quality data.
Approved regional method (ARM) means a continuous P M 2.5 method that has been approved specifically within a state or local air monitoring network for purposes of comparison to th e NAAQS and to meet other monitoring objectives.
AQCR means air quality control region.
Area-wide means all monitors sited at neighborhood, urban, andregional scales, as well as those monitors sited at either

micro- or middle-scale that are representative of m any such locations in the same CBSA.
Certifying agency means a state, local, or tribal a gency responsible for meeting the data certification requ irements in accordance with §58.15 of this part for a unique se t of monitors.
Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) includes Speciati on Trends Network stations (STN) as specified in paragraph 4. 7.4 of appendix D of this part and supplemental speciation stations that provide chemical species data of fine particul ate.

CO means carbon monoxide.
Combined statistical area (CSA) is defined by the U .S. Office of Management and Budget as a geographical area consis ting of two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA ) with employment interchange of at least 15 percent. Comb ination is automatic if the employment interchange is 25 perce nt and determined by local opinion if more than 15 but les s than 25 percent . Core-based statistical area (CBSA) is defined by th e U.S. Office of Management and Budget, as a statistical geograph ic entity Deleted:(http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metrocity/List6.txt).consisting of the county or counties associated wit h at least

one urbanized area/urban cluster of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of soci al and economic integration. Metropolitan Statistical Area s (MSAs) and micropolitan statistical areas are the two categori es of CBSA (metropolitan areas have populations greater than 5 0,000; and micropolitan areas have populations between 10,000 and 50,000). In the case of very large cities where two or more CBSAs are combined, these larger areas are referred to as com bined statistical areas (CSAs)
Corrected concentration pertains to the result of a n accuracy or precision assessment test of an open path analyzer in which a high-concentration test or audit standard gas conta ined in a short test cell is inserted into the optical measur ement beam of the instrument. When the pollutant concentration me asured by the analyzer in such a test includes both the pollutant concentration in the test cell and the concentratio n in the atmosphere, the atmospheric pollutant concentration must be subtracted from the test measurement to obtain the corrected concentration test result. The corrected concentrat ion is equal to the measured concentration minus the average of the atmospheric pollutant concentrations measured (with out the test cell) immediately before and immediately after the test. Deleted: (http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/m etro-city/List1.txt).Design value means the calculated concentration acc ording to the

applicable appendix of part 50 of this chapter for the highest site in an attainment or nonattainment area.
EDO means environmental data operations.
Effective concentration pertains to testing an open path analyzer with a high-concentration calibration or a udit standard gas contained in a short test cell inserted into th e optical measurement beam of the instrument. Effective conce ntration is the equivalent ambient-level concentration that wou ld produce the same spectral absorbance over the actual atmosp heric monitoring path length as produced by the high-conc entration gas in the short test cell. Quantitatively, effective c oncentration is equal to the actual concentration of the gas sta ndard in the test cell multiplied by the ratio of the path lengt h of the test cell to the actual atmospheric monitoring path leng th.
Federal equivalent method (FEM) means a method for measuring the concentration of an air pollutant in the ambient ai r that has been designated as an equivalent method in accordan ce with part 53; it does not include a method for which an equiv alent method designation has been canceled in accordance with §5 3.11 or §53.16.
Federal reference method (FRM) means a method of sa mpling and Deleted: of this chapter

Deleted: of this chapteranalyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant that is specified

as a reference method in an appendix to part 50 of this chapter, or a method that has been designated as a reference method in accordance with this part; it does not include a me thod for which a reference method designation has been cance led in accordance with §53.11 or § 5316
.

HNO 3 means nitric acid.
Implementation Plan means an implementation plan ap proved or promulgated by the EPA pursuant to section 110 of t he Act.
Local agency means any local government agency, oth er than the state agency, which is charged by a state with the responsibility for carrying out a portion of the annual monitoring network plan required by §58.10
. Meteorological measurements means measurements of w ind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, temperature, r elative humidity, solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, a nd/or precipitation that occur at stations including NCore and PAMS
. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) means a CBSA as sociated with at least one urbanized area of 50,000 population or greater. The central county , plus adjacent counties with a high degree of integration , comprise the area. Deleted: 53.16 of this chapter

Deleted: planMonitor means an instrument, sampler, analyzer, or other device

that measures or assists in the measurement of atmo spheric air pollutants and which is acceptable for use in ambie nt air surveillance under the applicable provisions of app endix C to this part.
Monitoring agency means a state , local or Tribal agency responsible for meeting the requirements of this pa rt.
Monitoring organization means a monitoring agency or other monitoring organization responsible for operating a monitoring site for which the quality assurance regulations ap ply.
Monitoring path for an open path analyzer means the actual path in space between two geographical locations over wh ich the pollutant concentration is measured and averaged.
Monitoring path length of an open path analyzer mea ns the length of the monitoring path in the atmosphere over which the average pollutant concentration measurement (path-averaged concentration) is determined. See also, optical mea surement path length.
Monitoring planning area (MPA) means a contiguous g eographic area with established, well

- defined boundaries, such as a CBSA, county or state, having a common area that is used for planning Deleted: local

Deleted: State, local,monitoring locations for PM 2.5. A MPA may cross state boundaries,

such as the Philadelphia PA-NJ MSA, and be further subdivided into community monitoring zones. The MPAs are generally oriented toward CBSAs or CSAs with populations greater than 200,000, but for convenience, those portions of a state that are not associated with CBSAs can be considered as a single MPA.

NATTS means the national air toxics trends stations . This network provides hazardous air pollution ambient da ta.
NCore means the National Core multipollutant monito ring stations. Monitors at these sites are required to m easure particles (PM 2.5 , speciated PM 2.5 , PM 10-2.5 ), O 3 , SO 2 , CO, nitrogen oxides (NO/NO y ), and meteorology (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity).
Near-road monitor means any approved monitor meeting the applicable specifications described in 40 CFR part 58, appendix
D (sections 4.2.1, 4.3.2, 4.7.1(b)(2)) and appendix E (section 6.4(a), Table E-4) for near-road measurement of PM 2.5, CO, or NO 2 . Network means all stations of a given type or types
. Network Plan means the Annual Monitoring Network Pl an described in §58.10 of this part.

NH 3 means ammonia. Deleted: An

Deleted: NO2/ Deleted: Pb, Deleted: basic Deleted:

. Deleted: NO2 Deleted: NO2 Deleted: 4.3.2 of Deleted: paragraphs 2, 4(d), 6.1, and 6.4 of Deleted: of this partNO 2 means nitrogen dioxide.

NO means nitrogen oxide.

NO X means the sum of the concentrations of NO 2 and NO.

NO y means the sum of all total reactive nitrogen oxide s, including NO, NO 2 , and other nitrogen oxides referred to as NO Z.

O 3 means ozone.
Open path analyzer means an automated analytical me thod that measures the average atmospheric pollutant concentr ation in situ along one or more monitoring paths having a monitor ing path length of 5 meters or more and that has been design ated as a reference or equivalent method under the provisions of part 53 of this chapter.
Optical measurement path length means the actual le ngth of the optical beam over which measurement of the pollutan t is determined. The path-integrated pollutant concentra tion measured by the analyzer is divided by the optical measureme nt path length to determine the path-averaged concentration . Generally, the optical measurement path length is:
(1) Equal to the monitoring path length for a (bist atic) system having a transmitter and a receiver at opposite end s of the Deleted: oxides of nitrogen and is defined asmonitoring path;

(2) Equal to twice the monitoring path length for a (monostatic) system having a transmitter and receiver at one end of the monitoring path and a mirror or retroreflector at t he other end;

or
(3) Equal to some multiple of the monitoring path l ength for more complex systems having multiple passes of the measurement beam through the monitoring path.
PAMS means photochemical assessment monitoring stat ions.

Pb means lead.

PM means particulate matter, including but not limited to PM 10 , PM 10C , PM 2.5 , and PM 10-2.5 .

PM 2.5 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diame ter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers as measu red by a reference method based on appendix L of part 50 and designated in accordance with part 53, by an equivalent method designated in accordance with part 53, or by an approved regio nal method designated in accordance with appendix C to this pa rt.

PM 10 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diame ter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers as measur ed by a Deleted: ¶ Plan means an implementation plan approved or promulgated pursuant to section 110 of the Act.¶ ¶ Deleted: PM110C Deleted: , or particulate matter of unspecified size range

Deleted: of this chapter
Deleted: of this chapter
Deleted: of this chapterreference method based on appendix J of part 50 and designated

in accordance with part 53 or by an equivalent meth od designated in accordance with part 53.

PM 10C means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diame ter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers as measur ed by a reference method based on appendix O of part 50 and designated in accordance with part 53 or by an equivalent meth od designated in accordance with part 53.

PM 10-2.5 means particulate matter with an aerodynamic diame ter less than or equal to a nominal 10 micrometers and greater than a nominal 2.5 micrometers as measured by a referenc e method based on appendix O to part 50 and designated in ac cordance with part 53 or by an equivalent method designated in ac cordance with part 53.
Point analyzer means an automated analytical method that measures pollutant concentration in an ambient air sample extracted from the atmosphere at a specific inlet p robe point , and that has been designated as a reference or equi valent method in accordance with part 53 of this chapter.
Primary Monitor means the monitor identified by the monitoring organization that provides concentration data used for comparison to the NAAQS. For any specific site, onl y one monitor Deleted: of this chapter
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Deleted: of this chapter
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Deleted: ¶ Population-oriented monitoring (or sites) means res idential areas, commercial areas, recreational areas, indust rial areas where workers from more than one company are locate d, and other areas where a substantial number of peopl e may spend a significant fraction of their day.¶ ¶for each pollutant can be designated in AQS as prim ary monitor

for a given period of time. The primary monitor ide ntifies the default data source for creating a combined site re cord for purposes of NAAQS comparisons.
Primary quality assurance organization (PQAO) means a monitoring organization , a group of monitoring organizations or other organization that is responsible for a set of stati ons that monitor the same pollutant and for which data quali ty assessments can be pooled. Each criteria pollutant sampler/monitor at a monitoring station in the SLAM S and SPM networks must be associated with only one PQAO . Probe means the actual inlet where an air sample is extracted from the atmosphere for delivery to a sampler or po int analyzer for pollutant analysis.
PSD monitoring network means a set of stations that provide concentration information for a specific PSD permit
. PSD monitoring organization means a source owner/op erator, a government agency, or a contractor of the source or agency that operates an ambient air pollution monitoring networ k for PSD
purposes.
PSD reviewing authority means the state air polluti on control Deleted: one, and Deleted: , primary quality assurance organizationagency, local agency, other state agency, tribe, or other agency

authorized by the Administrator to carry out a perm it program under §51.165 and §51.166, or the Administrator in the case of EPA-implemented permit programs under §52.21.
PSD station means any station operated for the purp ose of establishing the effect on air quality of the emiss ions from a proposed source for purposes of prevention of signi ficant deterioration as required by §51.24(n ).
Regional Administrator means the Administrator of o ne of the ten EPA regional offices or his or her authorized repre sentative.
Reporting organization means an entity, such as a s tate, local, or tribal monitoring agency, that reports air quali ty data to the EPA.
Site means a geographic location. One or more stati ons may be at the same site.
SLAMS means state or local air monitoring stations. The SLAMS include the ambient air quality monitoring sites and monitors that are required by appendix D of this part and are needed for the monitoring objectives of appendix D, including NAAQS comparisons, but may serve other data purposes. The SLAMS includes NCore, PAMS, CSN, and all other state or locally Deleted: ) of this chapter.

Deleted: collects and

Deleted: make up
Deleted: primarily

Deleted: exclude special purpose monitor (SPM) stations and includeoperated criteria pollutant monitors operated in accordance to

this part, that have not been designated and approved by the Regional Administrator as SPM stations in an annual monitoring network plan .

SO 2 means sulfur dioxide.
Special purpose monitor (SPM) station means a monit or included in an agency's monitoring network that the agency h as designated as a special purpose monitor station in its annual monitoring network plan and in the AQS , and which the agency does not count when showing compliance with the minimum requiremen ts of this subpart for the number and siting of monitors of va rious types. Any SPM operated by an air monitoring agency must b e included in the periodic assessments and annual monitoring netw ork plan required by §58.10 and approved by the Regional Adm inistrator.
State agency means the air pollution control agency primarily responsible for development and implementation of a State Implementation Plan under the Act.
Station means a single monitor, or a group of monit ors, located at a particular site.

STN station means a PM 2.5 chemical speciation station designated to be part of the speciation trends network. This n etwork Deleted: stations

Deleted: Air Quality System

Deleted: ¶ State speciation site means a supplemental PM2.5 speciation station that is not part of the speciati on trends network.¶ ¶ Deleted: with a shared objectiveprovides chemical species data of fine particulate.

Supplemental speciation station means a PM 2.5 chemical speciation station that is operated for monitoring agency need s and not part of the STN.
Traceable means that a local standard has been comp ared and certified, either directly or via not more than one intermediate standard, to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-certified primary standard such as a NIST-tr aceable Reference Material (NTRM) or a NIST-certified Gas M anufacturer's Internal Standard (GMIS).
TSP (total suspended particulates) means particulat e matter as measured by the method described in appendix B of p art 50.

Urbanized area means an area with a minimum residen tial population of at least 50,000 people and which gene rally includes core census block groups or blocks that ha ve a population density of at least 1,000 people per squ are mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall dens ity of at least 500 people per square mile. The Census Bureau notes that under certain conditions, less densely settled terr itory may be part of each Urbanized Area.

VOCs means volatile organic compounds. Deleted: of this chapter

Deleted: ¶ VOC§58.10 Annual monitoring network plan and periodic network

assessment. (a)(1) Beginning July 1, 2007, the state, or where applicable local, agency shall submit to the Region al Administrator an annual monitoring network plan whi ch shall provide for the documentation of the establishment and maintenance of an air quality surveillance system t hat consists of a network of SLAMS monitoring stations that can include FRM, FEM, and ARM monitors that are part of SLAMS, NCore , CSN, PAMS, and SPM stations
. The plan shall include a purpose statement for each monitor along with a statement of whether the operation of each monitor meets the requirements of appendices A , B, C, D, and E of this part, where applicable. The Regional Administrator may require the submission of additional informatio n as needed to evaluate compliance with applicable requirements of part 58 and its appendices. The annual monitoring network plan must be made available for public inspection and comment for at least 30 days prior to submission to the EPA and the submitted plan shall reference and address any such received comments
. (2) Any annual monitoring network plan that propos es SLAMS network modifications (including new or discontinued monitoring sites, new determinations that data are not of suff icient quality to be compared to the NAAQS, and changes in identification of monitors as suitable or not suita ble for Deleted: adopt and

Deleted: including
Deleted: stations, STN stations, State speciation stations, Deleted: , and/or, in serious, severe and extreme ozone nonattainment areas, PAMS stations, and SPM monitoring stations. Deleted: of purposes Deleted: and evidence that siting and

Deleted: EPAcomparison against the annual PM 2.5 NAAQS) is subject to the

approval of the EPA Regional Administrator, who sha ll approve or disapprove the plan within 120 days of submission o f a complete plan to the EPA. (* * * * * 9) A detailed description of the PAMS network being operated in accordance with the requirements of appendix D to this part shall be submitted as part of the annual monitoring network plan for review by the EPA Administrator. The PAMS Network Description described in section 5 of appendix D may be used to meet this requirement
. (b) * * * (14) The identification of any SPMs operating for a longer period than 24 months that utilize FRM, FEM, and/or ARM monitors accompanied by a discussion of the rationale for re tention as an SPM rather than a reclassification to SLAMS. Deleted: provide opportunity for public comment and shall approve or disapprove the plan and schedule within 120 days. If the State or local agency has already provided a public comment opportunity on its plan and has made no changes subsequent to that comment opportunity, and has submitted the received comments together with the plan, the Regional Administrator is not required to provide a separate opportunity for comment. Deleted: 3) The plan for establishing required NCore multipollutant stations shall be submitted to Deleted: ( Deleted: Administrator not later than July 1, 2009. The plan shall provide for all required stations to be operational by January 1, 2011.¶(4) A plan for establishing sourceoriented Pb monitoring sites Deleted: for Pb sources emitting 1.0 tpy or greater Deleted: to the EPA Regional Administrator no later than July 1, 2009, Deleted: network plan required in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The plan shall provide for the required source-oriented Pb monitoring sites for ... [1] Deleted: required in paragraph (a) (1). The plan shall provide Deleted: all required SO2 monitoring sites to be operational Deleted: January 1, 2013.¶ (7) A plan for establishing CO monitoring sites in accordance with the ... [2] Deleted: Regional Deleted: Plans for required CO monitors shall be submitted at least six months prior to the date such monitors must be ... [3] Deleted: §58.30.¶ (8) The MSA, CBSA, CSA or other area represented by the monitor.¶ ... [4] Deleted: in the monitoring agency's network where the data are not of sufficient quality such that data are ... [5] Deleted: the network design criteria described in appendix D to this part Deleted: (c) The annual monitoring network plan must document how state and local agencies provide for the review of ... [6]§58.11 Network technical requirements.

(a) * * * (3) The owner or operator of an existing or a propo sed source shall follow the quality assurance criteria in appendix B to this part that apply to PSD monitoring when oper ating a PSD site. * * * * * §58.12 Operating schedules.
* * * * * (d) * * * (1)(i) Manual PM 2.5 samplers at required SLAMS stations without a collocated continuously operating PM 2.5 monitor must operate on at least a 1-in-3 day schedule unless a waiver for an alternative schedule has been approved per paragrap h (d)(1)(ii) of this section
. (ii) For SLAMS PM 2.5 sites with both manual and continuous
PM 2.5 monitors operating, the monitoring agency may requ est approval for a reduction to 1-in-6 day PM 2.5 sampling or for seasonal sampling from the EPA Regional Administrat or. Other requests for a reduction to 1-in-6 day PM 2.5 sampling or for seasonal sampling may be approved on a case-by-case basis. The EPA Regional Administrator may grant sampling frequ ency reductions after consideration of factors ( including but not limited to the historical PM 2.5 data quality assessments, the Deleted: (a)(1) State and local governments shall follow the applicable quality assurance criteria contained in appendix A to this part when operating the SLAMS networks.¶ (2) Beginning January 1, 2009, State and local governments shall follow the quality assurance criteria contained in appendix A to this part that apply to SPM sites when operating any SPM site which uses a FRM, FEM, or ARM and meets the requirements of appendix E to this part, unless the Regional Administrator approves an alternative to the requirements of appendix A with respect to such SPM sites because meeting those requirements would be physically and/or financially impractical due to physical conditions at the monitoring site and the requirements are not essential to achieving the intended data objectives of the SPM site. Alternatives to the requirements of appendix A may be approved for an SPM site as part of the approval of the annual monitoring plan, or separately.¶ Deleted: A Deleted: (b) State and local governments must follow the criteria in appendix C to this part to determine acceptable monitoring methods or instruments for use in SLAMS networks. Appendix C criteria are optional at SPM stations.¶ (c) State and local governments must follow the network design criteria contained in appendix D to this part in designing and maintaining the SLAMS stations. The final network design and all changes in design are subject to approval of the Regional Administrator. NCore, STN, and PAMS network design and changes are also subject to approval of the Administrator. Changes in SPM stations do not require approvals, but a change in the designation of a monitoring site from SLAMS to SPM requires approval of the Regional Administrator.¶ ... [7] Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Deleted: State and local governments shall collect ambient air quality data at any SLAMS station on the following operational schedules:¶ (a) For continuous analyzers, consecutive hourly averages must be collected except during:¶ (1) Periods of routine maintenance,¶ (2) Periods of instrument calibration, ... [8] Deleted: ,location of current PM 2.5 design value sites, and their

regulatory data needs ) if the Regional Administrator determines that the reduction in sampling frequency will not c ompromise data needed for implementation of the NAAQS. Required SLAMS stations whose measurements determine the design va lue for their area and that are within plus or minus 10 percent o f the annual NAAQS , and all required sites where one or more 24-hour v alues have exceeded the 24-hour NAAQS each year for a consecutive period of at least 3 years are required to maintain at least a 1-in-3 day sampling frequency until the design value no longer meets these criteria for 3 consecutive years. A continuously operating FEM or ARM PM 2.5 monitor satisfies this requirement unless it is identified in the monitoring agency's annual monitoring network plan as not appropriate for comp arison to the NAAQS and the EPA Regional Administrator has approv ed that the data from that monitor may be excluded from compari son to the NAAQS . (iii) Required SLAMS stations whose measurements de termine the 24-hour design value for their area and whose d ata are within plus or minus 5 percent of the level of the 24-hour PM 2.5 NAAQS must have an FRM or FEM operate on a daily sc hedule if that area's design value for the annual NAAQS is le ss than the level of the annual PM 2.5 standard. A continuously operating FEM
or ARM PM 2.5 monitor satisfies this requirement unless it is Deleted:

.

Deleted: ;

Deleted:

.identified in the monitoring agency's annual monito ring network

plan as not appropriate for comparison to the NAAQS and the EPA Regional Administrator has approved that the data f rom that monitor may be excluded from comparison to the NAAQ S. The daily schedule must be maintained until the referenced de sign values no longer meets these criteria for 3 consecutive ye ars . (2) Manual PM2.5 samplers at NCore stations and req uired regional background and regional transport sites mu st operate on at least a 1-in-3 day sampling frequency. (iv) Changes in sampling frequency attributable to changes in design values shall be implemented no later than January 1 of the calendar year following the certification of su ch data as described in §58.15. * * * * * (3) Manual PM 2.5 speciation samplers at STN stations must operate on at least a 1-in-3 day sampling frequency unless a reduction in sampling frequency has been approved b y the EPA Administrator based on factors such as area’s desig n value, the role of the particular site in national health stud ies, the correlation of the site’s species data with nearby sites, and presence of other leveraged measurements . * * * * * Deleted: (e) For PM10 samplers, a 24-hour sample must be taken from midnight to midnight (local standard time) to ensure national consistency. The minimum monitoring schedule for the site in the area of expected maximum concentration shall be based on the relative level of that monitoring site concentration with respect to the 24-hour standard as illustrated in Figure 1. If the operating agency demonstrates by monitoring data that during certain periods of the year conditions preclude violation of the PM10 24-hour standard, the increased sampling frequency for those periods or seasons may be exempted by the Regional Administrator and permitted to revert back to once in six days. The minimum sampling schedule for all other sites in the area remains once every six days. No less frequently than as part of each 5-year network assessment, the most recent year of data must be considered to estimate the air quality status at the site near the area of maximum concentration. Statistical models such as analysis of concentration frequency distributions as described in “Guideline for the Interpretation ofOzone Air Quality Standards,” EPA450/479-003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, January 1979, should be used. Adjustments to the monitoring schedule must be made on the basis of the 5-year network assessment. The site having the highest concentration in the most current year must be given first consideration when selecting the site for the more frequent sampling schedule. Other factors such as major change in sources of PM10 emissions or in sampling site characteristics could influence the location of the expected maximum concentration site. Also, the use of the most recent 3 years of data might, in some cases, be justified in order to provide a more representative database from which to estimate current air quality status and to provide stability to the network. This multiyear consideration reduces the possibility of an anomalous year biasing a site selected for accelerated sampling. If the maximum concentration site based on the most current year is not selected for the more frequent operating schedule, documentation of the justification for selection of an alternative site must be submitted to the Regional Office for approval during ... [9] Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt§58.14 System modification.

(a) The state, or where appropriate local, agency s hall develop and implement a network modification plan and schedule to modify the ambient air quality monitoring networ k that implements the findings of the network assessment required every 5 years by §58.10( d ). The network modification plan shall be submitted as part of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan that is due no later than the year after submittal of the n etwork
assessment. * * * * * §58.15 Annual air monitoring data certification. (a) The state, or where appropriate local, agency s hall submit to the EPA Regional Administrator an annual air monitoring data certification letter to certify data collected by FRM, FEM, and ARM monitors at SLAMS and SPM sites that meet criteria in appendix A to this part from January 1 to December 31 of the previous year. The head official in each monitoring agency, or his or her designee, shall certify that the previou s year of ambient concentration and quality assurance data ar e completely submitted to AQS and that the ambient concentration data are accurate to the best of her or his knowledge, takin g into consideration the quality assurance findings. The a nnual data certification letter is due by May 1 of each year. (b) Along with each certification letter, the state shall Deleted: complies with Deleted: assessments Deleted: e Deleted: State or local agency shall consult with the EPA Regional Administrator during the development of the schedule to modify the monitoring program, and shall make the Deleted: and schedule available to the public for 30 days prior to submission to the EPA Regional Administrator. The final plan and schedule with respect to the SLAMS network are subject to the approval of the EPA Regional Administrator. Plans containing modifications to NCore Stations or PAMS Stations Deleted: to the Administrator. The Regional Administrator shall provide opportunity for public comment and shall approve or disapprove submitted plans and schedules within 120 days. Deleted: at all SLAMS and at all Deleted: stations

Deleted: senior air pollution control officer

Deleted: ¶ (1) Through 2009, the annual data certification letter is due by July 1 of each year.¶ (2) Beginning in 2010,submit to the Regional Administrator an annual summary report of

all the ambient air quality data collected by FRM, FEM, and ARM monitors at SLAMS and SPM sites . The annual report(s) shall be submitted for data collected from January 1 to Dece mber 31 of the previous year. The annual summary serves as the rec ord of the specific data that is the object of the certificati on letter. (c) Along with each certification letter, the state shall submit to the Regional Administrator a summary of the precision and accuracy data for all ambient air quality data collected by FRM, FEM, and ARM monitors at SLAMS and SPM sites . The summary of precision and accuracy shall be submitted for data collected from January 1 to December 31 of the previous year. §58.16 Data submittal and archiving requirements. (a) The state, or where appropriate, local agency, shall report to the Administrator, via AQS all ambient ai r quality data and associated quality assurance data for SO 2 ; CO; O 3 ; NO 2 ; NO; NOy; NO x ; Pb

– TSP mass concentration; Pb

– PM 10 mass concentration; PM 10 mass concentration; PM 2.5 mass concentration; for filter-based PM 2.5 FRM/FEM , the field blank mass; chemically speciated PM 2.5 mass concentration data; PM 10-2.5 mass concentration; meteorological data from NCore and P AMS sites; and metadata records and information specified by t he AQS Data Coding Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/manuals/manual s.htm). Air Deleted: (through the appropriate Regional Office) Deleted: at all Deleted: at Deleted: stations using FRM, FEM, or ARMs

Deleted: The annual summary report(s) must contain all information and data required by the State's approved plan and must be submitted on the same schedule as the certification letter, unless an approved alternative date is included in the plan.
Deleted: (through the appropriate Regional Office) Deleted: at all Deleted: at Deleted: stations using FRM, FEM, or ARMs

Deleted: The summary of precision and accuracy must be submitted on the same schedule as the certification letter, unless an approved alternative date is included in the plan.

Deleted:

- Deleted:

- Deleted: , sampler-generated average daily temperature, and sampler-generated average daily pressure Deleted: average daily temperature and average daily pressure for Pb sites if not already reported from sampler generated records; Deleted: The state, or where appropriate, local agency, may report site specific meteorological measurements generated by onsite equipment (meteorological instruments, or sampler generated) or measurements from the nearest airport reporting ambient pressure and temperature. Suchquality data and information must be submitted dire ctly to the

AQS via electronic transmission on the specified sc hedule described in paragraphs (b ) and (d ) of this section. * * * * *

(c) Air quality data submitted for each reporting p eriod must be edited, validated, and entered into the AQS (within the time limits specified in paragraphs (b ) and (d ) of this section) pursuant to appropriate AQS procedures. The procedu res for editing and validating data are described in the AQ S Data Coding Manual and in each monitoring agency's quality assu rance project plan. (d) The state shall report VOC and if collected, ca rbonyl,
NH 3 , and HNO 3 data from PAMS sites , and chemically speciated PM 2.5 mass concentration data to AQS within 6 months following the end of each quarterly reporting period listed in paragr aph (b) of this section. * * * * * Deleted: quarterly
Deleted: paragraph

Moved down [1]: * * * * *¶

Deleted: paragraph

Deleted: ,

Deleted: * * * * * Moved (insertion) [1]Appendix A to Part 58—Quality Assurance Requirement s for

Monitors used in Evaluations of National Ambient Air Quality Standards

1. General Information
2. Quality System Requirements
3. Measurement Quality Check Requirements
4. Calculations for Data Quality Assessments
5. Reporting Requirements

6. References

1. General Information
1.1 Applicability. (a) This appendix specifies the minimum quality system requirements applicable to SLAMS and other monitor types whose data are intended to be used to determine compliance with the NAAQS (e.g., SPMs, tribal, CAST NET, industrial, etc), unless the EPA Regional Administr ator has reviewed and approved the monitor for exclusion fro m NAAQS use and these quality assurance requirements.
(b) Primary quality assurance organizations are enc ouraged to develop and maintain quality systems more extens ive than the Deleted: SLAMS, SPMs and PSD Deleted: Monitoring

Deleted:

.required minimums. Additional guidance for the requ irements

reflected in this appendix can be found in the “Qua lity Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Sy stems,” Volume II (see reference 10 of this appendix) and a t a national level in references 1, 2, and 3 of this appendix.
1.2 Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO). A PQAO is defined as a monitoring organization or a coordi nated aggregation of such organizations that is responsib le for a set of stations that monitors the same pollutant and fo r which data quality assessments will be pooled. Each criteria p ollutant/ monitor must be associated with only one PQAO. In s ome cases, data quality is assessed at the PQAO level.
1.2.1 Each PQAO shall be defined such that measurem ent uncertainty among all stations in the organization can be expected to be reasonably homogeneous as a result o f common factors. Common factors that should be considered i n defining PQAOs include:

( a) Operation by a common team of field operators ac cording to a common set of procedures;
(b) Use of a common quality assurance project plan (QAPP) or standard operating procedures; Moved (insertion) [2]( c) Common calibration facilities and standards;

( d) Oversight by a common quality assurance organiza tion; and
( e) Support by a common management organization (i.e., state agency) or laboratory.
Since data quality assessments are made and data ce rtified at the PQAO level, the monitoring organization identified as the PQAO will be responsible for the oversight of the q uality of data of all monitoring organizations within the PQA O.
1.2.2 Monitoring organizations having difficulty de scribing its PQAO or in assigning specific monitors to prima ry quality assurance organizations should consult with the app ropriate EPA regional office. Any consolidation of monitoring or ganizations to PQAOs shall be subject to final approval by the appropriate EPA regional office.
.2.3 Each PQAO is required to implement a quality system that provides sufficient information to assess the quality of the monitoring data. The quality system must, at a minimum, include the specific requirements described in this appendix
. Failure to conduct or pass a required check or proc edure, or a series of required checks or procedures, does not b y itself Moved (insertion) [3]

Deleted: ) Each

Deleted: 1

Deleted: of this subpart.invalidate data for regulatory decision making. Rat her, PQAOs

and the EPA shall use the checks and procedures required i n this appendix in combination with other data quality inf ormation, reports, and similar documentation that demonstrate overall compliance with part 58. Accordingly, the EPA and PQAOs shall use a “weight of evidence” approach when determinin g the suitability of data for regulatory decisions. The E PA reserves the authority to use or not use monitoring data sub mitted by a monitoring organization when making regulatory deci sions based on the EPA's assessment of the quality of the data. Consensus built validation templates or validation criteria a lready approved in Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPPs) should be used as the basis for the weight of evidence approa ch.

1.2 1.3 Definitions.

a) Measurement Uncertainty. A term used to describe deviations from a true concentration or estimate th at are related to the measurement process and not to spati al or temporal population attributes of the air being mea sured.
( (b ) Precision. A measurement of mutual agreement amon g individual measurements of the same property usuall y under prescribed similar conditions, expressed generally in terms of the standard deviation. Deleted: monitoring agencies Deleted: documents showing Deleted: monitoring agencies Deleted: Generally, Deleted: (b) This appendix specifies the minimum quality system requirements applicable to SLAMS air monitoring data and PSD data for the pollutants SO2, NO2, O3, CO, Pb, PM2.5, PM10 and PM10- 2.5 submitted to EPA. This appendix also applies to all SPM stations using FRM, FEM, or ARM methods which also meet the requirements of appendix E of this part, unless alternatives to this appendix for SPMs have been approved in accordance with §58.11(a)(2). Monitoring organizations are encouraged to develop and maintain quality systems more extensive than the required minimums. The permit-granting authority for PSD may require more frequent or more stringent requirements. Monitoring organizations may, based on their quality objectives, develop and maintain quality systems beyond the required minimum. Additional guidance for the requirements reflected in this appendix can be found in the “Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems”, Volume II (see reference 10 of this appendix) and at a national level in references 1, 2, and 3 of this appendix.¶ 1.1 Similarities and Differences Between SLAMS and PSD Monitoring. In most cases, the quality assurance requirements for SLAMS, SPMs if applicable, and PSD are the same. Affected SPMs are subject to all the SLAMS requirements, even where not specifically stated in each section. Table A-1 of this appendix summarizes the major similarities and differences of the requirements for SLAMS and PSD. Both programs require:¶ (a) The development, documentation, and implementation of an approved quality system;¶ ... [10] Deleted: ( Deleted: Measurement uncertainty is Deleted: Monitoring organizations must develop quality assurance project plans (QAPP) which describe how the organization intends to control measurement uncertainty to an appropriate level in order to achieve ... [11] Deleted: a( c ) Bias. The systematic or persistent distortion of a

measurement process which causes errors in one dire ction.
( d ) Accuracy. The degree of agreement between an obse rved value and an accepted reference value. Accuracy inc ludes a combination of random error (imprecision) and syste matic error (bias) components which are due to sampling and ana lytical operations.

( e ) Completeness. A measure of the amount of valid da ta obtained from a measurement system compared to the amount that was expected to be obtained under correct, normal c onditions.
(f) Detection Limit. The lowest concentration or am ount of target analyte that can be determined to be differe nt from zero by a single measurement at a stated level of probab ility.

. 4 Measurement Quality Checks. The measurement qualit y checks described in sections 3 of this appendix sha ll be reported to AQS and are included in the data requir ed for certification.

1. 5 Assessments and Reports. Periodic assessments and documentation of data quality are required to be re ported to the
EPA. To provide national uniformity in this assessment and reporting of data quality for all networks, specifi c assessment Deleted: b

Deleted: c

Deleted: d

Deleted: (e) Detectability. The low critical range value of a characteristic that a method specific procedure can reliably discern.¶

Deleted: 1 Deleted: 3 Deleted: SLAMS Deleted: 3.2 and 3.
Deleted: The PSD network is required to implement the measurement quality checks and submit this information quarterly along with assessment information to the permit-granting authority. Deleted: 4 Deleted: EPA or to the permit granting authority (PSD).and reporting procedures are prescribed in detail i n sections 3,

4, and 5 of this appendix. On the other hand, the s election and extent of the quality assurance and quality control activities used by a monitoring organization depend on a numbe r of local factors such as field and laboratory conditions, th e objectives for monitoring, the level of data quality needed, t he expertise of assigned personnel, the cost of control procedur es, pollutant concentration levels, etc. Therefore, quality syste m requirements in section 2 of this appendix are spec ified in general terms to allow each monitoring organization to develop a quality system that is most efficient and effective for its own circumstances while achieving the data quality obje ctives described in this appendix.
2. Quality System Requirements
A quality system (reference 1 of this appendix) is the means by which an organization manages the quality of the monitoring information it produces in a systematic, organized manner. It provides a framework for planning, imple menting, assessing and reporting work performed by an organi zation and for carrying out required quality assurance and qua lity control activities.
2.1 Quality Management Plans and Quality Assurance Project Deleted: required for the SLAMS sites.Plans. All PQAOs must develop a quality system that is described

and approved in quality management plans (QMP) and QAPPs to ensure that the monitoring results:
(a) Meet a well-defined need, use, or purpose (reference 5 of this appendix);
(b) Provide data of adequate quality for the intend ed monitoring objectives;
(c) Satisfy stakeholder expectations;
(d) Comply with applicable standards specifications ;
(e) Comply with statutory (and other legal ) requirements; and
(f) Reflect consideration of cost and economics.
2.1.1 The QMP describes the quality system in terms of the organizational structure, functional responsibiliti es of management and staff, lines of authority, and requi red interfaces for those planning, implementing, assess ing and reporting activities involving environmental data o perations (EDO). The QMP must be suitably documented in accor dance with EPA requirements (reference 2 of this appendix), an d approved by the appropriate Regional Administrator, or his or h er Deleted: monitoring organizations
Deleted: quality assurance project plans (QAPP)

Deleted: ;

Deleted: of societyrepresentative. The quality system described in the QMP will be

reviewed during the systems audits described in sec tion 2.5 of this appendix. Organizations that implement long-te rm monitoring programs with EPA funds should have a separate QMP document. Smaller organizations , organizations that do infrequent work with the EPA or have monitoring programs of limited size or
scope may combine the QMP with the QAPP if approved by, and subject to any conditions of the EPA . Additional guidance on this process can be found in reference 10 of this a ppendix. Approval of the recipient's QMP by the appropriate Regional Administrator or his or her representative may allo w delegation of authority to review and approve environmental data collection activities adequately described and covered under t he scope of the QMP and documented in appropriate planning docu ments ( QAPP ) to the PQAOs independent quality assurance function. Where a PQAO or monitoring organization has been delegated authority to review and approve their QAPP, an electronic copy m ust be submitted to the EPA region at the time it is submi tted to the PQAO/monitoring organizations QAPP approving author ity. The QAPP will be reviewed by the EPA during systems audits or circumstances related to data quality . The QMP submission and approval dates for PQAOs/monitoring organizations m ust be reported to AQS . Deleted: or Deleted: funds
Deleted: based on negotiations with the funding agency

Deleted: , Deleted: the Deleted: the

Deleted: recipient, based on adequacy of Deleted: procedures described and documented in the QMP.2 .1.2 The QAPP is a formal document describing, in

sufficient detail, the quality system that must be implemented to ensure that the results of work performed will s atisfy the stated objectives. PQAOs must develop QAPPs that describe how the organization intends to control measurement unc ertainty to an appropriate level in order to achieve the data q uality objectives for the EDO. The quality assurance policy of the EPA requires every EDO to have a written and approved QAPP prior to the start of the EDO. It is the responsibility of t he PQAO/ monitoring organization to adhere to this policy. T he QAPP must be suitably documented in accordance with EPA requirements (reference 3 of this appendix ) which include standard operating procedures for all EDOs either within the document or by appropriate reference. The QAPP must identify each PQAO operating monitors under the QAPP as well as genera lly identify the sites and monitors to which it is applicable. T he QAPP submission and approval dates must be reported to A QS.

2.1.3 The PQAO/ monitoring organization's quality system must have adequate resources both in personnel and funding to plan, implement, assess and report on the achieveme nt of the requirements of this appendix and its approved QAPP
. 2.2 Independence of Quality Assurance. The PQAO must provide for a quality assurance management function ; that aspect Deleted: environmental data operation (EDO)

Deleted: ).

Deleted: monitoring organization
Deleted:

-of the overall management system of the organizatio n that

determines and implements the quality policy define d in a PQAO's QMP. Quality management includes strategic planning , allocation of resources and other systematic planning activiti es (e.g., planning, implementation, assessing and reporting) pertaining to the quality system. The quality assurance managemen t function must have sufficient technical expertise and manage ment authority to conduct independent oversight and assu re the implementation of the organization's quality system relative to the ambient air quality monitoring program and shou ld be organizationally independent of environmental data generation activities.
2.3. Data Quality Performance Requirements.
2.3.1 Data Quality Objectives. The DQOs, or the results of other systematic planning processes , are statements that define the appropriate type of data to collect and specify the tolerable levels of potential decision errors that will be used as a basis for establishing the quality and quantit y of data needed to support the monitoring objectives (reference 5 of this appendix). The DQOs will be developed by the EPA to support the primary regulatory objectives for each criteria pollutant. As they are developed , they will be added to the regulation. The quality of the conclusions derived from data interpretation can Deleted: monitoring organization's

Deleted: Data quality objectives (DQO)

Deleted: the SLAMS stations. DQO

Deleted: SLAMS Deleted: DQO or the results of other systematic planning processes for PSD or other monitoring will be the responsibility of the monitoring organizations. The Deleted: madebe affected by population uncertainty (spatial or t emporal

uncertainty) and measurement uncertainty (uncertain ty associated with collecting, analyzing, reducing and reporting concentration data). This appendix focuses on assessing and contr olling measurement uncertainty.

2 .3.1.1 Measurement Uncertainty for Automated and Manual
PM 2.5 Methods . The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty i s defined for precision as an upper 90 percent confidence limit for the coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 percent and plus or minus 10 percent for total bias.

2.3.1.2 Measurement Uncertainty for Automated O 3 Methods . The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty is defined for precision as an upper 90 percent confidence limit f or the CV of 7 percent and for bias as an upper 95 percent confi dence limit for the absolute bias of 7 percent.

.3.1.3 2.3.1.4 Measurement Uncertainty for Pb Methods
. The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty is defined for precision as an upper 90 percent confidence limit f or the CV of 20 percent and for bias as an upper 95 percent conf idence limit for the absolute bias of 15 percent.

2.3.1. 4 Measurement Uncertainty for NO 2 . The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty is defined for p recision as Deleted: 10
Deleted: for total precision

Deleted: Ozone

Deleted: coefficient variation (CV)

Deleted: 2 Deleted: Measurement Uncertainty for PM10-2.5 Methods. The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty is defined for precision as an upper 90 percent confidence limit for the coefficient variation (CV) of 15 percent and for bias as an upper 95 percent confidence limit for the absolute bias of 15 percent.¶ Deleted: coefficient variation (CV)
Deleted: 5an upper 90 percent confidence limit for the CV of 15 percent

and for bias as an upper 95 percent confidence limi t for the absolute bias of 15 percent.

2.3.1. 5 Measurement Uncertainty for SO 2 . The goal for acceptable measurement uncertainty for precision is defined as an upper 90 percent confidence limit for the CV of 10 percent and for bias as an upper 95 percent confidence limi t for the absolute bias of 10 percent.
2.4 National Performance Evaluation Programs. The PQAO shall provide for the implementation of a program o f independent and adequate audits of all monitors providing data for NAAQS compliance purposes including the provision of adequate resources for such audit programs. A monitoring pla n (or QAPP) which provides for PQAO participation in the EPA's National Performance Audit Program (NPAP ), the PM 2.5 Performance Evaluation Program ( PM 2.5 - PEP) program and the Pb Performance Evaluation Program (Pb-PEP) and indicates the consent of the PQAO for the EPA to apply an appropriate portion of the grant funds, which the EPA would otherwise award to the PQAO for these QA activities, will be deemed by the EPA to meet this requirement. For clarification and to participate, PQAOs should contact either the appropriate EPA regional quality assurance (QA) coordinator at the appropriate EPA regional of fice Deleted: coefficient of variation (CV)

Deleted: 6

Deleted: coefficient of variation (CV)

Deleted: Monitoring plans or the QAPP

Deleted: SLAMS and PSD

Deleted: monitoring organization
Deleted: ) and Deleted: PM Deleted: which

Deleted: monitoring organization
Deleted: monitoring organization Deleted: monitoring

Deleted: monitoring organizationslocation, or the NPAP coordinator at the EPA Air Quality

Assessment Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, in Research Triangle Park, North Carolin a. The PQAOs that plan to implement these programs (self-impleme nt) rather than use the federal programs must meet the adequac y requirements found in the appropriate sections that follow, as well as meet the definition of independent assessme nt that follows.
2.4.1 Independent assessment. An assessment perform ed by a qualified individual, group, or organization that i s not part of the organization directly performing and accountabl e for the work being assessed. This auditing organization mus t not be involved with the generation of the ambient air mon itoring data. An organization can conduct the performance evaluat ion (PE) if it can meet this definition and has a management st ructure that, at a minimum, will allow for the separation of its routine sampling personnel from its auditing personnel by t wo levels of management. In addition, the sample analysis of aud it filters must be performed by a laboratory facility and labo ratory equipment separate from the facilities used for rou tine sample analysis. Field and laboratory personnel will be re quired to meet PE field and laboratory training and certifica tion requirements to establish comparability to federall y implemented Deleted: U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyprograms.

2 .5 Technical Systems Audit Program. Technical syste ms audits of each PQAO shall be conducted at least every 3 years by the appropriate EPA regional office and reported to the AQS. If a PQAO is made up of more than one monitoring organ ization, all monitoring organizations in the PQAO should be audi ted within 6 years (two TSA cycles of the PQAO). As an example, if a state has five local monitoring organizations that are co nsolidated under one PQAO, all five local monitoring organizat ions will receive a technical systems audit within a 6-year p eriod. Systems audit programs are described in reference 1 0 of this appendix. For further instructions, PQAOs should contact the appropriate EPA regional QA coordinator.

2.6 Gaseous and Flow Rate Audit Standards.
2.6.1 Gaseous pollutant concentration standards (pe rmeation devices or cylinders of compressed gas) used to obt ain test concentrations for carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dio xide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) must be traceable to either a National Institute of Standards and Tec hnology (NIST) Traceable Reference Material (NTRM) or a NIS T-certified Gas Manufacturer's Internal Standard (GMIS), certif ied in accordance with one of the procedures given in refe rence 4 of Deleted: ambient air monitoring organization

Deleted: monitoring organizationsthis appendix. Vendors advertising certification wi th the

procedures provided in reference 4 of this appendix and distributing gases as “EPA Protocol Gas” for ambient air monitoring purposes must participate in the EPA Ambient Air Protocol Gas Verification Program or not use “EPA” in any form of advertising. Monitoring organizations must provide information to the EPA on the gas producers they us e on an annual basis and those PQAOs purchasing standards w ill be obligated, at the request of the EPA, to participat e in the program at least once every 5 years by sending a ne w unused standard to a designated verification laboratory.
2.6.2 Test concentrations for ozone (O 3 ) must be obtained in accordance with the ultraviolet photometric calibration procedure specified in appendix D to part 50 of thi s chapter and by means of a certified NIST-traceable O 3 transfer standard. Consult references 7 and 8 of this appendix for gui dance on transfer standards for O 3 . 2.6.3 Flow rate measurements must be made by a flow measuring instrument that is NIST- traceable to an authoritative volume or other applicable standard. Guidance for c ertifying some types of flowmeters is provided in reference 1 0 of this appendix. Deleted: gasses

Deleted: ultra violet
Deleted: , or

Deleted: primary and2.7 Primary Requirements and Guidance. Requirements and

guidance documents for developing the quality syste m are contained in references 1 through 11 of this appendix, which also contain many suggested procedures, checks, and control specifications. Reference 10 describes specific gui dance for the development of a quality system for data collected for comparison to the NAAQS . Many specific quality control checks and specifications for methods are included in the respective reference methods described in part 50 of this chap ter or in the respective equivalent method descriptions available from the EPA (reference 6 of this appendix). Similarly, quality control procedures related to specifically designated refer ence and equivalent method monitors are contained in the respective operation or instruction manuals associated with th ose monitors.
3. Measurement Quality Check Requirements
his section provides the requirements for PQAOs to perform the measurement quality checks that can be used to assess data quality. Data from these checks are required to be submitted to the AQS within the same time frame as routinely-collected ambient concentration data as described (a) Operation by a common team of field operators according to a commo n set of procedures; Deleted: 10 Deleted: of this appendix Deleted: SLAMS Deleted: analyzers Deleted: analyzers. Deleted: T Deleted: primary quality assurance organizations ( Deleted: ) Deleted: With the exception of the flow rate verifications (sections 3.2.3 and 3.3.2 of this appendix), Deleted: routine Deleted: . Section 3.2 of this appendix describes checks of automated or continuous instruments while section 3.3 describe checks associated with manual sampling instruments. Other quality control samples are identified in the various references Deleted: earlier and can be used to control certain aspects of the measurement system.¶ 3.1 Primary Quality Assurance Organization. A primary quality assurance organization is defined as a monitoring organization or a coordinated aggregation of such organizations that is responsible for a set of stations that monitors the same pollutant and for which data quality assessments can logically be pooled. Each criteria pollutant sampler/monitor at a monitoring station in the SLAMS network must be associated with one, and only one, primary quality assurance organization.¶ 3.1.1 Each primary quality assurance organization shall be defined such that measurement uncertainty among all stations in the organization can be expected to be reasonably homogeneous, as a result of common factors. Common factors that should be considered by monitoring organizations in defining primary quality assurance organizations include:¶ Moved up [2]: (a) Operation by a common team of field operators according to a common set of procedures;¶(c) Common calibration facilities and standards;

(
3.2 Measurement Quality Checks of Automated Metho ds. in 40 CFR 58.16. Table A –1 of this appendix provides a summary of the types and frequency of the measurement quality chec ks that will be described in this section.

3 .1 . Gaseous Monitors of SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and CO.

.1.1 One-Point Quality Control (QC) Check for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and CO. (a) A one-point QC check must be performed at least onc e every 2 weeks on each automated monitor used to measure SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 and CO. With the advent of automated calibration sy stems , more frequent checking is strongly encouraged. See Reference 10 of this appendix for guidance on the review procedure. The QC check is made by challenging the monitor with a QC check gas of known concentration (effective concentration for open pat h monitors ) between the prescribed range of 0. 005 and 0. 08 parts per million (ppm) for SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 , and between the prescribed range of 0.5 and 5 ppm for CO monitors. The QC check gas concentration selected within the prescribed range must be related to the mean or median of the ambient air concentrations normally measured at sites within the monitoring network in order to app ropriately reflect the precision and bias at these ambient air Deleted: (b) Use of a common QAPP or standard operating procedures;¶ Moved up [3]: (c) Common calibration facilities and standards;¶ (d) Oversight by a common quality assurance organization; and¶ (e) Support by a common management

Deleted: ( Deleted: , laboratory or headquarters.¶ 3.1.2 Primary quality assurance organizations are not necessarily related to the organization reporting data to the AQS. Monitoring organizations having difficulty in defining the primary quality assurance organizations or in assigning specific sites to primary quality assurance organizations should consult with the appropriate EPA Regional Office. All definitions of primary quality assurance organizations shall be subject to final approval by the appropriate EPA Regional Office during scheduled network reviews or systems audits.¶ 3.1.3 Data quality assessment results shall be reported as specified in section 5 of this appendix.¶ Deleted: -2 Deleted: 2. Deleted: 3 Deleted: quality control ( Deleted: ) Deleted: analyzer Deleted: The frequency of QC checks may be reduced based upon review, assessment and approval of the EPA Regional ... [12] Deleted: analyzer Deleted: analyzers Deleted: 01 Deleted: 10 Deleted: 1 Deleted: 10 Deleted: analyzers. The ranges allow for appropriate check gas selection for ... [13] Deleted: should Deleted: routine Deleted: routine concentration ranges. To check the precision and bias of SLAMS ... [14]concentration ranges. If the mean or median concent rations at

the sites are below or above the prescribed range f or the relevant pollutant, select the lowest or highest co ncentration in the range. An additional QC check point is encou raged for those organizations that may have occasional high v alues or would like to confirm the monitors’ linearity at th e higher end of the operational range or around NAAQS concentrat ions
.
3 (b) Point analyzers must operate in their normal sampl ing mode during the QC check and the test atmosphere mu st pass through all filters, scrubbers, conditioners and ot her components used during normal ambient sampling and as much of the ambient air inlet system as is practicable. The QC check must be conducted before any calibration or adjustm ent to the monitor.

3 (c) Open path monitors are tested by inserting a test cell containing a QC check gas concentration into the op tical measurement beam of the instrument. If possible, th e normally used transmitter, receiver, and as appropriate, ref lecting devices should be used during the test , and the normal monitoring configuration of the instrument should b e altered as little as possible to accommodate the test cell for the test. However, if permitted by the associated operation o r instruction manual, an alternate local light source or an alter nate optical Deleted: .2.1.1 Except for certain CO analyzers described below, Deleted: ,

Deleted: If permitted by the associated operation or instruction manual, a CO point analyzer may be temporarily modified during the QC check to reduce vent or purge flows, or the test atmosphere may enter the analyzer at a point other than the normal sample inlet, provided that the analyzer's response is not likely to be altered by these deviations from the normal operational mode. If a QC check is made in conjunction with a zero or span adjustment, it must be made prior to such zero or span adjustments. Deleted: .2.1.2 Deleted: analyzerspath that does not include the normal atmospheric m onitoring

path may be used. The actual concentration of the Q C check gas in the test cell must be selected to produce an eff ective concentration in the range specified earlier in thi s section. Generally, the QC test concentration measurement wi ll be the sum of the atmospheric pollutant concentration and the QC test concentration. As such , the result must be corrected to remove the atmospheric concentration contribution. The cor rected concentration is obtained by subtracting the averag e of the atmospheric concentrations measured by the open pat h instrument under test immediately before and immediately after the QC test from the QC check gas concentration measurement. If the difference between these before and after measureme nts is greater than 20 percent of the effective concentrat ion of the test gas, discard the test result and repeat the te st. If possible, open path monitors should be tested during periods when the atmospheric pollutant concentrations are r elatively low and steady.
3(d) Report the audit concentration of the QC gas and th e corresponding measured concentration indicated by t he monitor to AQS . The percent differences between these concentrati ons are used to assess the precision and bias of the monito ring data as described in sections 4.1.2 (precision) and 4.1.3 ( bias) of this Deleted: If so

Deleted: analyzers

Deleted: .2.1.3 Deleted: (effective concentration for open path analyzers) Deleted: (corrected concentration, if applicable, for open path analyzers) Deleted: analyzerappendix.

3
. 1. 2 Annual performance evaluation for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , or CO. A performance evaluation must be conducted on each primary monitor once a year. This can be accomplished by ev aluating 25 percent of the primary monitors each quarter. The evaluation should be conducted by a trained experienced techni cian other than the routine site operator.

3. 1. 2.1 The evaluation is made by challenging the monitor with audit gas standards of known concentration from at least three audit levels. Two of the audit levels selected will represent a range of 10- 80 percent of the typical ambient air concentrations either measured by the monitor or in the PQAOs network of monitors. The third point should be at t he NAAQS level or above the highest 3-year ambient air hourl y concentration, whichever is greater. An additional 4th level is encouraged for those agencies that would like to co nfirm the monitors’ linearity at the higher end of the operat ional range. In rare circumstances, there may be sites measuring concentrations above audit level 10. Notify the app ropriate EPA region and the AQS program in order to make accommo dations for auditing at levels above level 10.

Audit Concentration Range, ppm Deleted: .2
Deleted: Each calendar quarter (during which analyzers are operated), evaluate at least

Deleted: SLAMS analyzers that monitor for SO2, NO2, O3, or CO such that each analyzer is evaluated at least once per year. If there are fewer than four analyzers for a pollutant within a primary quality assurance organization, it is suggested to randomly evaluate one or more analyzers so that at least one analyzer for that pollutant is evaluated Deleted: calendar Deleted: 2. Deleted: (a) Deleted: analyzer Deleted: standard Deleted: (effective concentration for open path analyzers) Deleted: consecutive Deleted: should Deleted: or bracket Deleted: analyzer being evaluated:Level O 3 SO 2 NO 2 CO

1 0. 004

-

0. 0059 0.0003-

0. 0029 0. 0003 -0. 0029 0. 020 -0. 059

2 0. 006 -0. 019 0. 0030

- 0. 0049 0. 0030 -0. 0049 0. 060-0.199

3 0. 020 -0. 039 0. 0050

- 0. 0079 0. 0050 -0. 0079 1 0.200-0.899

4 0.040-0.069 0.0080- 0.0199 0.0080-0.0199 0.900-2.999

5 0.070-0.089 0.0200- 0.0499 0.0200-0.0499 3.000-7.999

6 0.090-0.119 0.0500- 0.0999 0.0500-0.0999 8.000-15.999

4 7 0. 120 -0. 139 0. 1000

- 0. 1499 0. 1000 -0. 2999 5 16.000- 30.999 5 8 0. 140 -0. 169 0. 1500

- 0. 2599 0. 3000 -0. 4999 2 31.000- 39.999 9 0.170-0.189 0.2600- 0.7999 0.5000-0.7999 40.000- 49.999 10 0.190-0.259 0.8000-1.000 0.8000-1.000 50.000- 60.000

1. 2.2 The NO 2 audit techniques may vary depending on the ambient monitoring method. For chemiluminescence-type NO 2 analyzers , gas phase titration (GPT) techniques should be based on EPA guidance documents and monitoring agency exp erience. The
NO 2 gas standards may be more appropriate than GPT for direct NO 2 methods that do not employ converters. Care should be taken to ensure the stability of such gas standards prior to use. Deleted: 02...04-0.05 ... [15]

Deleted: 005 Deleted: 0002...003-0.002 ... [16] Deleted: 08...20-0.10 ... [17]

Deleted: 06...06-0.10 ... [18] Deleted: 006...030-0.01 ... [19] Deleted: 003...030-0.005 ... [20] Deleted: 50-1.00 Deleted: 11...20-0.20 ... [21] Deleted: 02...050-0.10 ... [22] Deleted: 006...050-0.10 ... [23] Deleted: .50-4.00 Deleted: 21...20-0.30 ... [24] Deleted: 11...000-0.40 ... [25] Deleted: 11...000-0.30 ... [26] Deleted: -15 Deleted: 31...40-0.90 ... [27] Deleted: 41...500-0.90 ... [28] Deleted: 31...000-0.60 ... [29] Deleted: 0-50 Deleted: (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentration ranges described by the initial three selected.¶ 3.....2.2.2 (a)...The NO 2 audit gas techniques may vary depending on the ambient monitoring method. For chemiluminescence-type NO 2 analyzers must also contain at least 0.08 ppm NO. NO concentrations substantially higher than 0.08 ppm, as may occur when using some... gas phase titration (GPT) techniques, may lead to evaluation errors in chemiluminescence analyzers due to inevitable minor NO-NOX channel imbalance. Such errors may be atypical...should be based on EPA guidance documents and monitoring agency experience. The NO 2 gas standards may be more appropriate than GPT for direct NO 2 methods that do not employ converters. Care should be taken to ensure the stability of routine monitoring errors to the extent that ...uch NO concentrations exceed typical ambient NO concentrations at the site. These errors may be minimized by modifying the GPT ... [30]3. 1 .2.3 The standards from which audit gas test

concentrations are obtained must meet the specifica tions of section 2.6 .1 of this appendix. The gas standards and equipment used for the performance evaluation must not be the same as the standards and equipment used for one-point QC, calibrations, span evaluations or NPAP.

3. 1 .2.4 For point analyzers, the evaluation shall be carried out by allowing the monitor to analyze the audit gas test atmosphere in its normal sampling mode such th at the test atmosphere passes through all filters, scrubbers, c onditioners, and other sample inlet components used during norma l ambient sampling and as much of the ambient air inlet syste m as is practicable.

3. 1 .2.5 Open path monitors are evaluated by inserting a test cell containing the various audit gas concentr ations into the optical measurement beam of the instrument. If possible, the normally used transmitter, receiver, and, as approp riate, reflecting devices should be used during the evalua tion, and the normal monitoring configuration of the instrument s hould be modified as little as possible to accommodate the t est cell for the evaluation. However, if permitted by the associ ated operation or instruction manual, an alternate local light source or an alternate optical path that does not include the normal Deleted: 2

Deleted: evaluations
Deleted: calibration or calibration span adjustments. For SLAMS sites, the auditor should not be the operator or analyst who conducts the routine monitoring, calibration, and analysis. For PSD sites the auditor must not be the operator or analyst who conducts the routine monitoring, calibration, and analysis. Deleted: 2 Deleted: analyzer

Deleted: The exception provided in section 3.2.1 of this appendix for certain CO analyzers does not apply for evaluations. Deleted: 2 Deleted: analyzersatmospheric monitoring path may be used. The actual

concentrations of the audit gas in the test cell mu st be selected to produce effective concentrations in the evaluation level ranges specified in this section of this appe ndix. Generally, each evaluation concentration measuremen t result will be the sum of the atmospheric pollutant concentrati on and the evaluation test concentration. As such , the result must be corrected to remove the atmospheric concentration c ontribution. The corrected concentration is obtained by subtract ing the average of the atmospheric concentrations measured by the open path instrument under test immediately before and i mmediately after the evaluation test (or preferably before and after each evaluation concentration level) from the evaluation concentration measurement. If the difference betwee n the before and after measurements is greater than 20 percent o f the effective concentration of the test gas standard, d iscard the test result for that concentration level and repeat the test for that level. If possible, open path monitors should be evaluated during periods when the atmospheric pollutant conce ntrations are relatively low and steady. Also, if the open path i nstrument is not installed in a permanent manner, the monitoring path length must be reverified to be within plus or minus 3 percent to validate the evaluation since the monitoring path l ength is critical to the determination of the effective conc entration. Deleted: If so

Deleted: analyzers

Deleted: ,3. 1 .2.6 Report both the evaluation concentrations

(effective concentrations for open path monitors ) of the audit gases and the corresponding measured concentration (corrected concentrations, if applicable, for open path monitors ) indicated or produced by the monitor being tested to AQS . The percent differences between these concentrations are used t o assess the quality of the monitoring data as described in sect ion 4.1. 1 of this appendix.
3.1.3 National Performance Audit Program (NPAP).
The NPAP is a performance evaluation which is a typ e of audit where quantitative data are collected independently in order to evaluate the proficiency of an analyst, monitoring instrument or laboratory. Details of the program can be found in reference 11 of this appendix. The program requirements include:

3.1.3.1 Performing audits of the primary monitors a t 20 percent of monitoring sites per year, and 100 perce nt of the sites in 6 years. High-priority sites may be visited more often. Since not all gaseous criteria pollutants are monitored a t every site within a PQAO, it is not required that 20 percent o f the primary monitors for each pollutant receive an NPAP audit e ach year only that 20 percent of the PQAOs monitoring sites recei ve an NPAP Deleted: 2
Deleted: analyzers

Deleted: analyzers
Deleted: analyzer

Deleted: 4audit. It is expected that over the 6-year period a ll primary

monitors for all gaseous pollutants will receive an NPAP audit. 3.1. 3.2 Developing a delivery system that will allow for t he audit concentration gasses to be introduced to the probe inlet where logistically feasible. 3.1.3.3 Using audit gases that are verified against the NIST standard reference methods or special review p rocedures and validated annually for CO, SO 2 and NO 2, and at the beginning of each quarter of audits for O 3 . 3.1.3.4 As described in section 2.4 of this appendi x, the PQAO may elect, on an annual basis, to utilize the federally implemented NPAP program. If the PQAO plans to self -implement NPAP, the EPA will establish training and other tec hnical requirements for PQAOs to establish comparability t o federally implemented programs. In addition to meeting the re quirements in sections 3.1.3.1 through 3.1.3.3 of this appendix, the PQAO
must:
(a) Utilize an audit system equivalent to the feder ally implemented NPAP audit system and is separate from equipment used in annual performance evaluations. (b) Perform a whole system check by having the NPAP system tested against an independent and qualified EPA lab , or equivalent. Deleted: .3(c) Evaluate the system with the EPA NPAP program through

collocated auditing at an acceptable number of site s each year (at least one for an agency network of five or less sit es; at least two for a network with more than five sites). (d) Incorporate the NPAP in the PQAO’s quality assu rance project plan. (e) Be subject to review by independent, EPA-traine d personnel. (f) Participate in initial and update training/certification sessions.

3.2 PM 2.5 .
.2.1 Flow Rate Verification for PM 2.5 . A one-point flow rate verification check must be performed at least once every month (each verification minimally separated by 14 days) on each monitor used to measure PM 2.5 . The verification is made by checking the operational flow rate of the monitor. If the verification is made in conjunction with a flow rat e adjustment, it must be made prior to such flow rate adjustment. For the standard procedure, use a flow rate transfer standa rd certified in accordance with section 2.6 of this appendix to check the monitor's normal flow rate. Care should be used in selecting and using the flow rate measurement device such that it does not alter the normal operating flow rate of the monitor . Report the Deleted: 3 Deleted: Particulate Matter.

Deleted: on each automated analyzer
Deleted: PM10, PM10-2.5 andflow rate of the transfer standard and the correspo nding flow

rate measured by the monitor to AQS. The percent di fferences between the audit and measured flow rates are used to assess the bias of the monitoring data as described in section 4.2.2 of this appendix (using flow rates in lieu of concentr ations).

3.2.2 Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit for PM 2.5 . Audit the flow rate of the particulate monitor twice a year. The t wo audits should ideally be spaced between 5 and 7 months apa rt. The EPA strongly encourages more frequent auditing. The aud it should (preferably) be conducted by a trained experienced technician other than the routine site operator. The audit is made by measuring the monitor's normal operating flow rate( s) using a flow rate transfer standard certified in accordance with section 2.6 of this appendix. The flow rate standard used f or auditing must not be the same flow rate standard used for ve rifications or to calibrate the monitor. However, both the cali bration standard and the audit standard may be referenced t o the same primary flow rate or volume standard. Care must be taken in auditing the flow rate to be certain that the flow measurement device does not alter the normal operating flow rat e of the monitor. Report the audit flow rate of the transfer standard and the corresponding flow rate measured by the monitor to AQS. The percent differences between these flow rates are us ed to Moved (insertion) [4]evaluate monitor performance.

3.2.3 Collocated Quality Control Sampling Procedure s for
PM 2.5 . For each pair of collocated monitors, designate one sampler as the primary monitor whose concentrations will be used to report air quality for the site, and designate the other as the quality control monitor. There can be only one prim ary monitor at a monitoring site for a given time period.
3.2.3.1 For each distinct monitoring method designa tion (FRM or FEM) that a PQAO is using for a primary mon itor, the PQAO must:
(a) Have 15 percent of the primary monitors of each method designation collocated (values of 0.5 and greater r ound up); and have at least one collocated quality control monito r (if the total number of monitors is less than three). The f irst collocated monitor must be a designated FRM monitor
. 3.2.3.2 In addition, monitors selected for collocat ion must also meet the following requirements:
(a) A primary monitor designated as an EPA FRM shal l be collocated with a quality control monitor having th e same EPA FRM method designation.
(b) For each primary monitor designated as an EPA F EM usedby the PQAO, 50 percent of the monitors designated for

collocation, or the first if only one collocation i s necessary, shall be collocated with a FRM quality control moni tor and 50 percent of the monitors shall be collocated with a monitor having the same method designation as the FEM prima ry monitor. If an odd number of collocated monitors is required , the additional monitor shall be a FRM quality control m onitor. An example of the distribution of collocated monitors for each unique FEM is provided below. Table A–2 of this app endix demonstrates the procedure with a PQAO having an FR M and multiple FEMs.
#Primary FEMS of a unique method designation #Collocated #Collocated with an FRM #Collocated

with same method designation "1-9" 1 1 0 "10-16" 2 1 1 "17-23" 3 2 1 "24-29" 4 2 2 "30-36" 5 3 2 "37-43" 6 3 3

3.2.3.3 Since the collocation requirements are used to assess precision of the primary monitors and there can only be one primary monitor at a monitoring site, a site ca n only count for the collocation of the method designation of th e primarymonitor at that site.

3.2.3.4 The collocated monitors should be deployed according to the following protocol:
(a) Fifty percent of the collocated quality contro l monitors should be deployed at sites with annual av erage or daily concentrations estimated to be within ±20 per cent of either the annual or 24-hour NAAQS and the remainde r at the PQAOs discretion;
(b) If an organization has no sites with annual ave rage or daily concentrations within ±20 percent of the annu al NAAQS or 24-hour NAAQS, 50 percent of the collocated quality control monitors should be deployed at those sites with the annual mean concentrations or 24-hour concentrations among the highest for all sites in the network and the remainder at the P QAOs discretion.
(c) The two collocated monitors must be within 4 me ters (inlet to inlet) of each other and at least 2 meter s apart for flow rates greater than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for samplers having flow rates less than 200 liters /min to preclude airflow interference. A waiver allowing up to 10 meters horizontal distance and up to 3 meters vertical dis tance (inlet to inlet) between a primary and collocated sampler may beapproved by the Regional Administrator for sites at a

neighborhood or larger scale of representation duri ng the annual network plan approval process. Calibration, samplin g, and analysis must be the same for both primary and coll ocated quality control samplers and the same as for all ot her samplers in the network.
(d) Sample the collocated quality control monitor o n a 1- in-12 day schedule. Report the measurements from bo th primary and collocated quality control monitors at each col located sampling site to AQS. The calculations for evaluati ng precision between the two collocated monitors are described i n section 4.2.1 of this appendix.

3.2.4 PM 2.5 Performance Evaluation Program (PEP) Procedures. The PEP is an independent assessment used to estima te total measurement system bias. These evaluations will be performed under the NPEP as described in section 2.4 of this appendix or a comparable program. Performance evaluations will be performed annually within each PQAO. For PQAOs with less than or equal to five monitoring sites, five valid performance evalu ation audits must be collected and reported each year. For PQAOs with greater than five monitoring sites, eight valid performance evaluation audits must be collected and reported each year. A valid performance evaluation audit means that both the pr imary monitor Moved (insertion) [5]

Moved (insertion) [6]and PEP audit concentrations are valid and above 3 μg/m 3
. Siting

of the PEP monitor should be consistent with sectio n 3.2.3.7. However, any horizontal distance greater than 4 met ers and any vertical distance greater than one meter must be re ported to the EPA regional PEP coordinator. Additionally for ever y monitor designated as a primary monitor, a primary quality assurance organization must:
3.2.4.1 Have each method designation evaluated each year; and,
3.2.4.2 Have all FRM, FEM or ARM samplers subject t o a PEP audit at least once every six years; which equates to approximately 15 percent of the monitoring sites au dited each
year.
3.2.4.3. Additional information concerning the PEP is contained in reference 10 of this appendix. The cal culations for evaluating bias between the primary monitor and the performance evaluation monitor for PM 2.5 are described in section 4.2.5 of this appendix.

3.3 PM 10 .
3.3.1 Flow Rate Verification for PM 10 Low Volume Samplers (less than 200 liter/minute). A one-point flow rate verification Deleted: analyzercheck must be performed at least once every month ( each

verification minimally separated by 14 days) on eac h monitor used to measure PM 10 . The verification is made by checking the operational flow rate of the monitor . If the verification is made in conjunction with a flow rate adjustment, it must be made prior to such flow rate adjustment. For the standar d procedure, use a flow rate transfer standard certified in acco rdance with section 2.6 of this appendix to check the monitor's normal flow rate. Care should be taken in selecting and using the flow rate measurement device such that it does not alter the normal operating flow rate of the monitor. The percent differences between the audit and measured flow rates are reported to AQS and used to assess the bias of the monitoring data as d escribed in section 4.2.2 of this appendix (using flow rates in lieu of concentrations).

3. 3.2 Flow Rate Verification for PM 10 High Volume Samplers (greater than 200 liters/minute). For PM 10 high volume samplers, the verification frequency is one verification ever y 90 days (quarter) with 4 in a year. Other than verification frequency, follow the same technical procedure as described in section 3.3.1 of this appendix.

.3.3 Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit for PM 10 . Audit the flow rate of the particulate monitor twice a year. The two audits Deleted: Randomization of the flow rate verification with respect to time of day, day of week, and routine service and adjustments is encouraged where possible. Deleted: analyzer's Deleted: used

Deleted: analyzer. Report the flow rate of the transfer standard and the corresponding flow rate measured (indicated) by the analyzer.

Deleted:

.

Deleted: 3 Deleted: Particulate Matter. Every 6 months, Deleted: PM10, PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 Deleted: analyzers. Where possible, Moved up [4]: EPA strongly encourages more frequent auditing. The audit should (preferably) be conducted by a trained experienced technician other than the routine site operator.should ideally be spaced between 5 and 7 months apa rt. The EPA

strongly encourages more frequent auditing. The aud it should (preferably) be conducted by a trained experienced technician other than the routine site operator. The audit is made by measuring the monitor's normal operating flow rate using a flow rate transfer standard certified in accordance with section 2.6 of this appendix. The flow rate standard used for a uditing must not be the same flow rate standard used for verifications or to calibrate the monitor . However, both the calibration standard and the audit standard may be referenced to the sam e primary flow rate or volume standard. Care must be taken in auditing the flow rate to be certain that the flow measurement d evice does not alter the normal operating flow rate of the monitor . Report the audit flow rate of the transfer standard and th e corresponding flow rate measured by the monitor to AQS . The percent differences between these flow rates are us ed to evaluate monitor performance.

3. 3.4 Collocated Quality Control Sampling Procedures for Manual PM 10 . Collocated sampling for PM 10 is only required for manual samplers. For each pair of collocated monitors, designate one sampler as the primary monitor whose concentrat ions will be used to report air quality for the site and designa te the other as the quality control monitor. Deleted: analyzer's

Deleted: analyzer

Deleted: Great Deleted: used

Deleted: analyzer

Deleted: (indicated) Deleted: analyzer

Deleted: validate the one-point flow rate verification checks used to estimate bias as described in section 4.2.3 of this appendix. Deleted: 2.5 Deleted: PM2.5.

Deleted: , Deleted: audit3.3.4.1 For manual PM 10 samplers, a PQAO must:

(a) Have 15 percent of the primary monitors collocated (values of 0.5 and greater round up); and
(b) Have at least one collocated quality control monitor (if the total number of monitors is less than three).

3. 3.4. 2 The collocated quality control monitors should be deployed according to the following protocol :
(a) Fifty percent of the collocated quality control monitors should be deployed at sites with daily con centrations estimated to be within ±20 percent of the applicabl e NAAQS and the remainder at the PQAOs discretion ;
(b) If an organization has no sites with daily concentrations within ±20 percent of the NAAQS , 50 percent of the collocated quality control monitors should be deployed at those sites with the daily mean concentrations among the highest for all sites in the network and the remainder at the PQAOs discretion
.
3(c) The two collocated monitors must be within 4 m eters (inlet to inlet) of each other and at least 2 meter s apart for flow rates greater than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for samplers having flow rates less than 200 liters /min to Deleted: 3.2.5.1 Each EPA designated Federal reference method (FRM) or Federal equivalent method (FEM) within a primary quality assurance organization must:¶ Deleted: 1 Deleted: 3). The first collocated monitor must be a designated FRM monitor. Deleted: .5.2 In addition, Deleted: selected for collocation must also meet Deleted: requirements Deleted: (a) A primary monitor designated as an EPA FRM shall be Deleted: with an audit monitor having the same EPA FRM method designation.¶ (b) For each primary monitor model designated as an EPA FEM used by the PQAO, 50 percent of the monitors designated for collocation shall be collocated with an audit monitor having the same method designation and 50 percent of the monitors shall be collocated with an FRM audit monitor. If the primary quality assurance organization only has one FEM monitor it shall be collocated with an FRM audit monitor. If there are an odd number of collocated monitors required, the additional monitor shall be an FRM audit monitor. An example of this procedure is found in Table A-3 of this appendix.¶ 3.2.5.3 The collocated monitors should be deployed according to the following protocol:¶ (a) 80 percent of the collocated audit Deleted: annual average or Deleted: what the monitoring organizations designate as high value sites Deleted: annual average or Deleted: annual Deleted: (or 24-hour NAAQS if that is affecting the area), 60 Deleted: audit Deleted: annual Deleted: (or 24-hour NAAQS if that is affecting the area) Deleted: 25 percent Deleted: .2.5.4 In determining the number of collocated sites required for ... [31]preclude airflow interference. A waiver allowing up to 10 meters

horizontal distance and up to 3 meters vertical dis tance (inlet to inlet) between a primary and collocated sampler may be approved by the Regional Administrator for sites at a neighborhood or larger scale of representation. Thi s waiver may be approved during the annual network plan approval process. Calibration, sampling, and analysis must be the sam e for both collocated samplers and the same as for all other s amplers in the network.
(d) Sample the collocated quality control monitor o n a 1- in-12 day schedule. Report the measurements from bo th primary and collocated quality control monitors at each col located sampling site to AQS. The calculations for evaluati ng precision between the two collocated monitors are described i n section 4.2.1 of this appendix.

( e) In determining the number of collocated quality control sites required for PM 10 , monitoring networks for lead (Pb-PM 10 ) should be treated independently from networks for particul ate
matter (PM), even though the separate networks may share one or more common samplers. However, a single quality control monitor that meets the collocation requirements for Pb-PM 10 and PM 10 may

serve as a collocated quality control monitor for both networks. Extreme care must be taken when using the filter fr om a quality Deleted: , as Deleted: for Class I visibility areas, EPA will accept visibility aerosol mass measurement instead of a PM2.5 measurement if the latter measurement is unavailable. Any PM2.5 monitoring site which does not have Deleted: monitor which is an EPA FRM, FEM or ARM is not required to be included in the number of sites which are used to determine the number of collocated monitors.¶ 3.2.5.5 For each PSD monitoring network, one site must be Deleted: . A site with the predicted highest 24-hour pollutant concentration must be selected.control monitor for both PM 10 and Pb analysis. A PM 10 filter

weighing should occur prior to any Pb analysis.

3
. 4 Pb.

3.4.1 Flow Rate Verification for Pb-PM 10 Low Volume Samplers (less than 200 liter/minute). A one-point flow rate verification check must be performed at least once every month ( each verification minimally separated by 14 days) on eac h monitor used to measure Pb. The verification is made by che cking the operational flow rate of the monitor. If the verifi cation is made in conjunction with a flow rate adjustment, it must be made prior to such flow rate adjustment. For the standar d procedure, use a flow rate transfer standard certified in acco rdance with section 2. 6 of this appendix to check the monitor's normal fl ow rate. Care should be taken in selecting and using t he flow rate measurement device such that it does not alter the normal operating flow rate of the monitor. The percent dif ferences between the audit and measured flow rates are repor ted to AQS and used to assess the bias of the monitoring data as described in section 4.2.2 of this appendix (using flow rates in lieu of concentrations).
3.4.2 Flow Rate Verification for Pb High Volume Sa mplers (greater than 200 liters/minute). For high volume s amplers, theverification frequency is one verification every 90 days

(quarter) with four in a year. Other than verificat ion frequency, follow the same technical procedure as d escribed in section 3.4.1 of this appendix.

3.4.3 Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit for Pb. Audit the flow rate of the particulate monitor twice a year. The t wo audits should ideally be spaced between 5 and 7 months apart. The EPA strongly encourages more frequent auditing. The aud it should (preferably) be conducted by a trained experienced technician other than the routine site operator. The audit is made by measuring the monitor's normal operating flow rate using a flow rate transfer standard certified in accordance with section 2.6 of this appendix. The flow rate standard used for a uditing must not be the same flow rate standard used for verific ations or to calibrate the monitor. However, both the calibratio n standard and the audit standard may be referenced to the sam e primary flow rate or volume standard. Care must be taken in auditing the flow rate to be certain that the flow measurement d evice does not alter the normal operating flow rate of the mon itor. Report the audit flow rate of the transfer standard and th e corresponding flow rate measured by the monitor to AQS. The percent differences between these flow rates are us ed to evaluate monitor performance.3.4.4 Collocated Quality Control Sampling for TSP P b for

monitoring sites other than non-source NCore. For e ach pair of collocated monitors for manual TSP Pb samplers, des ignate one sampler as the primary monitor whose concentrations will be used to report air quality for the site, and designate t he other as the quality control monitor.
3.4.4.1 A PQAO must:
(a) Have 15 percent of the primary monitors (not co unting non-source NCore sites in PQAO) collocated. Values of 0.5 and greater round up; and
(b) Have at least one collocated quality control mo nitor (if the total number of monitors is less than three ).
3.4.4.2 The collocated quality control monitors sho uld be deployed according to the following protocol:
(a) The first collocated Pb site selected must be t he site measuring the highest Pb concentrations in the netw ork. If the site is impractical, alternative sites, approved by the EPA Regional Administrator, may be selected. If additional collocated sites are necessary, collocated sites ma y be chosen that reflect average ambient air Pb concentrations in the network. Moved (insertion) [7]

Deleted: .6(b) The two collocated monitors must be within 4 meters

(inlet to inlet) of each other and at least 2 meter s apart for flow rates greater than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for samplers having flow rates less than 200 liters /min to preclude airflow interference.
(c) Sample the collocated quality control monitor o n a 1- in-12 day schedule. Report the measurements from bo th primary and collocated quality control monitors at each col located sampling site to AQS. The calculations for evaluati ng precision between the two collocated monitors are described i n section 4.2.1 of this appendix.
3.4.5 Collocated Quality Control Sampling for Pb-PM 10 at monitoring sites other than non-source NCore. If a PQAO is monitoring for Pb-PM 10 at sites other than at a non-source oriented NCore site then the PQAO must:
3.4.5.1 Have 15 percent of the primary monitors (no t counting non-source NCore sites in PQAO) collocated . Values of 0.5 and greater round up; and
3.4.5.2 Have at least one collocated quality contro l monitor (if the total number of monitors is less th an three).
3.4.5.3 The collocated monitors should be deployedaccording to the following protocol:

(a) Fifty percent of the collocated quality control monitors should be deployed at sites with the highe st 3–month average concentrations and the remainder at the PQA Os discretion.

( b) The two collocated monitors must be within 4 met ers (inlet to inlet) of each other and at least 2 meters apart for flow rates greater than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for samplers having flow rates less than 200 liters /min to preclude airflow interference. A waiver allowing up to 10 meters horizontal distance and up to 3 meters vertical dis tance (inlet to inlet) between a primary and collocated sampler may be approved by the Regional Administrator for sites at a neighborhood or larger scale of representation. Thi s waiver may be approved during the annual network plan approval process. Calibration, sampling, and analysis must be the sam e for both collocated samplers and the same as for all other samplers in the network.
(c) Sample the collocated quality control monitor on a 1- in- 12 day schedule
. Report the measurements from both primary and collocated quality control monitors at each collocated sampling site to AQS . The calculations for evaluating precision Deleted: all the Deleted: each agency's Deleted: 3.2.5.7 Deleted: audit Deleted: for SLAMS sites Deleted:

- Deleted: ; sample PSD sites on a 6-day schedule or every third day for PSD daily monitors. If a primary quality assurance organization has only one collocated monitor, higher sampling frequencies than the 12-day schedule may be needed in order to produce about 25 valid sample pairs a year. Deleted: auditbetween the two collocated monitors are described i n section

4. 2 .1 of this appendix.

3.3.1.1 (d) In determining the number of collocated quality control sites required for Pb -PM 10 , monitoring networks for PM 10 should be treated independently from networks for PbPM 10 , even though the separate networks may share one or more common samplers. However, a single quality control monitor that meets the collocation requirements for Pb -PM 10 and PM 10 may serve as a collocated quality control monitor for both networks.
Extreme care must be taken when using a using the filter from a quality control monitor for both PM 10 and Pb analysis. A PM 10 filter weighing should occur prior to any Pb analys is.

3.4. 6 Pb Analysis Audits. Each calendar quarter , audit the Pb reference or equivalent method analytical procedure using filters containing a known quantity of Pb. These au dit filters are prepared by depositing a Pb standard on unexposed filters and allowing them to dry thoroughly. The audit samp les must be prepared using batches of reagents different from t hose used to calibrate the Pb analytical equipment being audited . Prepare audit samples in the following concentration ranges :

Range Equivalent ambient Pb concentration, μg/m 3
1 30

– 100% of Pb NAAQS. Deleted: 3 Deleted: 3.2.6 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM10 −2.5. For the PM10

- 2.5 network, all automated methods must be designated as Federal equivalent methods (FEMs). For each pair of collocated monitors, designate one sampler as the primary monitor whose concentrations will be used to report air quality for the site, and designate the other as the audit monitor.¶ 3.2.6.1 The EPA shall ensure that each EPA designated FEM within the national PM10-2.5 monitoring network must:¶ (a) Have 15 percent of the monitors ... [32] Moved up [5]: PM 2.5 Performance Evaluation Program (PEP) Procedures. The PEP is an Deleted: These evaluations will be performed under the PM Performance ... [33] Moved up [6]: with greater than five monitoring sites, eight valid Deleted: Additionally, each year, every designated FRM or FEM within a primary ... [34] Deleted: PM10, monitoring networks for lead ( Deleted: ) Deleted: particulate matter (PM), Deleted: pair of samplers collocated at a common-sampler monitoring site Deleted: both a collocated Deleted: site Deleted: a collocated PM site Deleted: site Deleted: ¶ 3.3.1.2 The two collocated monitors ... [35] Deleted: used in auditing high-volume particulate matter samplers having flow ... [36] Deleted: to assure that flow patterns are not perturbed at the point of flow ... [37] Deleted: the same procedures described in sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 of this ... [38] Deleted: 3. Deleted: 2 Deleted: or sampling quarter (PSD), Deleted: solution Deleted:

-2 200

– 300% of Pb NAAQS.

(a) Extract the audit samples using the same extraction procedure used for exposed filters.
(b) Analyze three audit samples in each of the two ranges each quarter samples are analyzed. The audit sample analyses shall be distributed as much as possible over the e ntire calendar quarter.
(c) Report the audit concentrations (in μg Pb/filte r or strip) and the corresponding measured concentration s (in μg Pb/filter or strip) to AQS using AQS unit code 077. The percent differences between the concentrations are used to calculate analytical accuracy as described in section 4. 2.6 of this appendix.

3.4.7 Pb PEP Procedures for 3.3.4.3 Collocated Sampling. PQAO that have a combination of source andmonitorin g sites other than non-source NCore . The PEP is an independent assessment used to estimate total measurement system bias. These ev aluations will be performed under the NPEP described in section 2. 4 of this appendix 3.3.4.4 Pb Performance Evaluation P rogram (PEP) Procedures or a comparable program . Each year, one performance evaluation audit must be performed at one Pb site i n each primary quality assurance organization that has les s than or Deleted:

-
Deleted: must be extracted

Deleted: 1.3 Deleted: (d) The audits of an equivalent Deleted: method are conducted and assessed in the same manner as Deleted: the reference method. The flow auditing device and Pb analysis audit samples must be compatible with the specific requirements of the equivalent method.¶ Deleted: -oriented sites (unless the only non-source-oriented site Deleted: NCore site) Deleted: follow the procedures described in sections 3.3.1 of this appendix with the exception that the first collocated Pb site selected must be the site measuring the highest Pb concentrations in the network. If the site is impractical, alternative sites, approved by the EPA Regional Administrator, may be selected. Moved up [7]: If additional collocated sites are necessary, collocated sites may be chosen that reflect average ambient air Pb concentrations in the network. Deleted: The collocated sampling requirements for PQAO that only have Pb monitoring at a non-source-oriented NCore site for sampling required Deleted: 40 CFR 58, Appendix D, paragraph 4.5(b) shall be implemented as Deleted: 3. Deleted: 6 Deleted: with the exception that the collocated monitor will be the same method designation as the primary monitor.¶ Deleted: , as described in section 3.2.7 of this appendix,equal to five sites and two audits at PQAOs with greater than

five sites. Non-source oriented NCore sites are not counted. In addition, each year, four collocated samples from PQAOs with less than or equal to five sites and six collocated samples at PQAOs with greater than five sites must be sent to an independent laboratory, the same laboratory as the performance evaluation audit, for analysis. Siting of this PEP monitor should be consistent with section 3.4.5.4. However, any horizontal distance greater than 4 meters and any v ertical distance greater than 1 meter must be reported to t he EPA regional PEP coordinator. The calculations for eval uating bias between the primary monitor and the performance eva luation monitor for Pb are described in section 4.2.4 of th is appendix.
4. Calculations for Data Quality Assessment
(a) Calculations of measurement uncertainty are car ried out by the EPA according to the following procedures. The PQAOs must report the data to AQS for all measurement quality checks as specified in this appendix even though they may ele ct to perform some or all of the calculations in this section on their own.
(b) The EPA will provide annual assessments of data quality aggregated by site and PQAO for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 and CO and by PQAO for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and Pb. Deleted: 5 Deleted: primary quality assurance organizations Deleted: 5 Deleted: primary quality assurance organizations Deleted: 5 Deleted: primary quality assurance organizations Deleted: 5 Deleted: 3.3.5 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM2.5. Follow the same procedure as described in section 3.2.5 of this appendix. PM2.5 samplers used in the PM10-2.5 network, may be counted along with the PM2.5 samplers in the PM2.5 network as long as the PM2.5 samplers in both networks are the same method designation.¶ 3.3.6 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM10-2.5. All designated FRMs within the PM10-2.5 monitoring network must have 15 percent of the monitors collocated (values of 0.5 and greater round up) at the PM10-2.5 sites. All FRM method designations can be aggregated.¶ 3.3.6.1 The EPA shall ensure that each designated FEM within the PM10-2.5 monitoring network must:¶ (a) Have 15 percent of the monitors collocated (values of 0.5 and greater round up); and¶ (b) Have at least 2 collocated monitors (if the total number of monitors is less than 10). The first collocated monitor must be a designated FRM monitor and the second must be a monitor of the same method designation. Both collocated FRM and FEM monitors can be located at the same site.¶ 3.3.6.2 The Regional Administrator for the EPA Region where the FRM or FEMs are implemented will select the sites for collocated monitoring. The collocation site selection process shall consider sites at primary quality assurance ... [39] Deleted: Primary quality assurance organizations should Deleted: appropriate Deleted: primary quality assurance organization Deleted: primary quality assurance organization Deleted: PM10-2.5(c) At low concentrations, agreement between the

measurements of collocated quality control samplers, expressed as relative percent difference or percent differenc e, may be relatively poor. For this reason, collocated measur ement pairs are selected for use in the precision and bias calc ulations only when both measurements are equal to or above the fo llowing limits:
(1) Pb: 0.002 μg/m 3 (Methods approved after 3/04/2010, with exception of manual equivalent method EQLA-0813-803 ).
(2) Pb: 0.02 μg/m 3 (Methods approved before 3/04/2010, and manual equivalent method EQLA-0813-803).
(3) PM 10 (Hi-Vol): 15 μg/m 3
.
(4) PM 10 (Lo-Vol): 3 μg/m 3
.
(5) PM 2.5 : 3 μg/m 3
.
4.1 Statistics for the Assessment of QC Checks for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 and CO.

4.1.1 Percent Difference. Many of the measurement quality checks start with a comparison of an audit concentr ation or value ( flow rate ) to the concentration/value measured by the monitor and use percent difference as the comparison stati stic Deleted: (1) TSP: 20 μg/m3.¶

Deleted:

.

Deleted: PM10-2.5 and

Deleted: All

Deleted: flowrate
Deleted: analyzeras described in equation 1 of this section. For eac h single

point check, calculate the percent difference, d i , as follows:
Equation 1

where, meas is the concentration indicated by the PQAO's instrument and audit is the audit concentration of the standard used in the QC check being measured.
4.1.2 Precision Estimate. The precision estimate is used to assess the one-point QC checks for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , or CO described in section 3. 1 .1 of this appendix. The precision estimator is the coefficient of variation upper bound and is cal culated using equation 2 of this section:
Equation 2



## ( ) 2 1 ,1.0 1 2

1 2 1 1

− = = −

⋅

−      

− ⋅

= 

## ∑ ∑

n

n

i n

i i i n n n d d n CV χ

where, n is the number of single point checks being aggregated;
X 2 0.1,n–1 is the 10th percentile of a chi-squared distribution with

n – 1 degrees of freedom.

.1.3 Bias Estimate. The bias estimate is calculated using d meas audit audit i = −

⋅ 100 Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt

Deleted: monitoring organization's

Deleted: 2

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt

Deleted: X20.1, Deleted: -1

Deleted:

-

Deleted: 4the one-point QC checks for SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , or CO described in

section 3. 1 .1 of this appendix. The bias estimator is an upper bound on the mean absolute value of the percent dif ferences as described in equation 3 of this section:
Equation 3

where, n is the number of single point checks being aggregat ed;
t 0.95,n –1 is the 95th quantile of a t-distribution with n

– 1 degrees of freedom; the quantity AB is the mean of the absolute values of the d i's and is calculated using equation 4 of this section :
Equation 4

and the quantity AS is the standard deviation of the absolute value of the d i's and is calculated using equation 5 of this section:
Equation 5 bias AB t AS

n n = + ⋅

− 0 95 1 . ,

AB n d i

i n
= ⋅

= 

# ∑ 1
1



### ( ) AS n d d

n n i i n i

i n

= ⋅ − 

      

− = = 

# ∑ ∑

2
1 1 2

1 Deleted: 2 Deleted: and the performance evaluation program for PM10-2.5 described in sections 3.2.8 and 3.3.8 of this appendix

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt

Deleted: -1 is Deleted:

-

Deleted: di's

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 12 pt4.1.3.1 Assigning a sign (positive/negative) to the bias

estimate. Since the bias statistic as calculated in equation 3 of this appendix uses absolute values, it does not have a tendency (negative or positive bias) associated wit h it. A sign will be designated by rank ordering the percent dif ferences of the QC check samples from a given site for a partic ular assessment interval.
4.1.3.2 Calculate the 25th and 75th percentiles of the percent differences for each site. The absolute bia s upper bound should be flagged as positive if both percentiles a re positive and negative if both percentiles are negative. The absolute bias upper bound would not be flagged if the 25th and 75 th percentiles are of different signs.

4.2 Statistics for the Assessment of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and Pb .
4.2.1 Collocated Quality Control Sampler Precision Estimate for PM 10 , PM 2.5 and Pb. Precision is estimated via duplicate measurements from collocated samplers . It is recommended that the precision be aggregated at the PQAO level quarterly, annually, and at the 3-year level. The data pair wo uld only be considered valid if both concentrations are greater than or equal to the minimum values specified in section 4(c) of thi s appendix. For each collocated data pair, calculate the relative Deleted: 4.1.4 Validation of Bias Using the one-point QC Checks. The annual performance evaluations for SO2, NO2, O3, or CO described in section 3.2.2 of this appendix are used to verify the results obtained from the one-point QC checks and to validate those results across a range of concentration levels. To quantify this annually at the site level and at the 3-year primary quality assurance organization level, probability limits will be calculated from the one-point QC checks using equations 6 and 7 of this appendix: ¶

¶ ¶

¶ ¶ where, m is the mean (equation 8 of this appendix):¶

¶ ¶ where, k is the total number of one point QC checks for the interval being evaluated and S is the standard deviation of the percent differences (equation 9 of this appendix) as follows:¶

¶ ¶ 4.1.5 Percent Difference. Percent differences for the performance evaluations, calculated using equation 1 of this appendix can be compared to the ... [40] Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Deleted: from Collocated Samplers. Deleted: of the same type. Deleted: primary quality assurance organizationpercent difference, d i , using equation 6 of this appendix:
Equation 6



### 100

/2 Y X Y X d i

i i i i 

### ⋅ + − = 

    

where, X i is the concentration from the primary sampler and Y i is the concentration value from the audit sampler. The coefficient of variation upper bound is calculated using equati on 7 of this appendix: Equation 7

2 1 n 0.1, 2 n
1 i i n
1 i 2 i X 1

n 1)- 2n(n d d n CV

− = = −

⋅      

− ⋅

= 

## ∑ ∑

where, n is the number of valid data pairs being aggregated, and
X 2 0.1,n

– 1 is the 10th percentile of a chi-squared distributio n with n

– 1 degrees of freedom. The factor of 2 in the denomi nator adjusts for the fact that each d i is calculated from two values with error.

4.2.2 One-Point Flow Rate Verification Bias Estimate for
PM 10 , PM 2.5 and Pb. For each one-point flow rate verification, calculate the percent difference in volume using eq uation 1 of this appendix where meas is the value indicated by the sampler's volume measurement and audit is the actual volume indicated by Deleted: 10

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt

Deleted: the Deleted: 11

Deleted: ¶ Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt

Deleted:

- Deleted:

-

Deleted: Bias Estimate Using Deleted: Verifications. Deleted: described in sections 3.2.3 and 3.3.2 of this appendixthe auditing flow meter. The absolute volume bias u pper bound is

then calculated using equation 3, where n is the number of flow rate audits being aggregated; t 0.95,n –1 is the 95th quantile of a tdistribution with n-1 degrees of freedom, the quant ity AB is the mean of the absolute values of the d i's and is calculated using equation 4 of this appendix, and the quantity AS in equation 3 of this appendix is the standard deviation of the a bsolute values if the d i's and is calculated using equation 5 of this appendix.

4.2.3 Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit Bias Estimate for PM 10 , PM 2.5 and Pb. Use the same procedure described in sectio n 4.2.2 for the evaluation of flow rate audits.
4.2.4 Performance Evaluation Programs Bias Estimate for Pb. The Pb bias estimate is calculated using the paired routin e and the PEP monitor as described in section 3.4.7. Use the same procedures as described in section 4.1.3 of this ap pendix.
4.2.5 Performance Evaluation Programs Bias Estimat e for
PM 2.5 . The bias estimate is calculated using the PEP aud its described in section 4.1.3 of this appendix. The bi as estimator is based on the mean percent differences (Equation 1). The mean percent difference, D , is calculated by Equation 8 below. Equation 8 Deleted: -1 is

## ∑

= ⋅ = j

n

1 i i j d n 1 D 5.

where, n j is the number of pairs and d 1 ,d 2, ...d nj are the biases for each pair to be averaged.
4.2.6 Pb Analysis Audit Bias Estimate. The bias estimate is calculated using the analysis audit data described in section 3.4.6. Use the same bias estimate procedure as desc ribed in section 4.1.3 of this appendix.

5 . Reporting Requirements
5.1 Reporting Requirements. For each pollutant, pre pare a list of all monitoring sites and their AQS site ide ntification codes in each PQAO and submit the list to the appropriate EPA regional office, with a copy to AQS. Whenever there is a change in this list of monitoring sites in a PQAO , report this change to the EPA regional office and to AQS.
5.1.1 Quarterly Reports. For each quarter, each PQAO shall report to AQS directly (or via the appropriate EPA regional office for organizations not direct users of AQS) t he results of all valid measurement quality checks it has carried out during the quarter. The quarterly reports must be submitte d consistent with the data reporting requirements specified for air quality Deleted: 4.2.3 Assessment Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audits. The flow rate audits described in sections 3.2.4 and 3.3.3 of this appendix are used to assess the results obtained from the one-point flow rate verifications and to provide an estimate of flow rate acceptability. For each flow rate audit, calculate the percent difference in volume using equation 1 of this appendix where meas is the value indicated by the sampler's volume measurement and audit is the actual volume indicated by the auditing flow meter. To quantify this annually and at the 3-year primary quality assurance organization level, probability limits are calculated from the percent differences using equations 6 and 7 of this appendix where m is the mean described in equation 8 of this appendix and k is the total number of one-point flow rate verifications for the year and S is the standard deviation of the percent differences as described in equation 9 of this appendix.¶ 4.2.4 Percent Difference. Percent differences for the annual flow rate audit concentration, calculated using equation 1 of this appendix, can be compared to the probability intervals for the one-point flow rate verifications for the respective primaryquality assurance organization. Ninetyfive percent of the individual percent differences (all audit concentration levels) for the performance evaluations should be captured within the probability intervals for primary quality assurance organization.¶ 4.3 Statistics for the Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5.¶ 4.3.1 Precision Estimate. Precision for collocated instruments for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 may be estimated where both the primary and collocated instruments are the same method designation and when the ... [41] Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) Courier New, 12 pt Deleted: SLAMS Deleted: primary quality assurance organization Deleted: primary quality assurance organization Deleted: primary quality assurance organizationdata as set forth in 40 CFR 58.16. The EPA strongly encourages

early submission of the quality assurance data in o rder to assist the PQAOs ability to control and evaluate the quality of the ambient air data.
5.1.2 Annual Reports.

5.1.2.1 When the PQAO has certified relevant data for the calendar year, the EPA will calculate and report the measurement uncertainty for the entire calendar year.

6.0 References
(1) American National Standard—Specifications and Guidelines for Quality Systems for Environmental Da ta Collection and Environmental Technology Programs. ANSI/ASQC E4

– 2004. February 2004. Available from American Society for Quality Control, 611 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 5 3202.
(2) EPA Requirements for Quality Management Plans. EPA QA/R

– 2. EPA/240/B

– 01/002. March 2001 , Reissue May 2006 . Office of Environmental Information, Washington DC 20460. http://www.epa.gov/quality/qs-docs/r2-final.pdf.
(3) EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance Project Plans for Environmental Data Operations. EPA QA/R

– 5. EPA/240/B

– 01/003. March 2001 , Reissue May 2006 . Office of Environmental Deleted: §

Deleted: monitoring organizations

Deleted: monitoring organization

Deleted: 5.2 PSD Reporting Requirements. At the end of each sampling quarter, the organization must report the appropriate statistical assessments in section 4 of this appendix for the pollutants measured. All data used to calculate reported estimates of precision and bias including span checks, collocated sampler and audit results must be made available to the permit granting authority upon request. ¶ Deleted:

-

Deleted:

- Deleted:

-

Deleted:

- Deleted:

-Information, Washington DC 20460. http://www.epa.gov/quality/qsdocs/r5-final.pdf.

( 4) EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certific ation of Gaseous Calibration Standards. EPA

– 600/R –12/531. May, 2012. Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park NC 27711. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/appcd/mmd/db-traceabilityprotocol.html.
(5) Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Proces s. EPA QA/G

– 4. EPA/240/B

– 06/001. February, 2006. Office of Environmental Information, Washington DC 20460. http://www.epa.gov/quality/qs-docs/g4-final.pdf.
(6) List of Designated Reference and Equivalent Met hods. Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Exposure Research Laboratory, Human Exposure and At mospheric Sciences Division, MD-D205

– 03, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/criteria.html.

( 7) Transfer Standards for the Calibration of Ambien t Air Monitoring Analyzers for Ozone. EPA–454/B-13-004 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, October, 2013. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qapollutant.html. Deleted:

- Deleted: -97/121. September 1997. Deleted: ORD Publications Office, Center for Environmental Deleted: Information (CERI), 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268.

Deleted:

- Deleted:

-

Deleted:

-

Deleted: McElroy, F.F.( 8) Paur, R.J. and F.F. McElroy. Technical Assistanc e

Document for the Calibration of Ambient Ozone Monit ors. EPA

– 600/4

– 79 –057 . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, September, 1979. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/cpreldoc.html.
(9) Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume 1—A Field Guide to Envi ronmental Quality Assurance. EPA

– 600/R

– 94/038a. April 1994. Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD Publicati ons Office, Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI ), 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268. http://www.epa.gov/ ttn/amtic/qabook.html.
(10) Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program Quality System Development. EPA

– 454/ B-13–003
. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qabook.html.
(11 ) National Performance Evaluation Program Standard Operating Procedures. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/npapsop.html.
Table A-1 of Appendix A to Part 58— Minimum Data Assessment Requirements for NAAQS Related Criteria Pollutant Monitors

T Method S Asses

sment method P Covera

ge M inimu

m P arameter

s r eported A QS

Assessm Moved (insertion) [8]
Deleted:

- Deleted:

- Deleted: -056

Moved up [8]: (8) Paur, R.J. and F.F. McElroy. Technical Assistance Document for the Calibration of Ambient Ozone Monitors. Deleted: (...) Paur, R.J. and F.F. McElroy. Deleted: EPA-600/4-79-057. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, September, 1979. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/cpreldoc.ht ml.¶ Deleted:

- Deleted:

-

Deleted: Part 1—
Deleted:

- Deleted: R-98-004

Deleted: Difference and Similarities Between SLAMS and PSD

Deleted: opic Deleted: LAMS

Deleted: SD Moved (insertion) [9] Inserted Cells Moved (insertion) [10]

Inserted Cells

Inserted CellsF reque ncy ent Type Gaseous Methods (CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 )

R 1-Point QC for SO2, NO2, O3, CO 1Respo
nse check at
concen tratio
n 0.005- 0.08 ppm SO2, NO2, O3, and 0 .5 and 5 ppm CO S Each

analyzer O nce

per 2 weeks. A udit

concentra tion 1 and measured concentra tion 2
. 1

- Point

QC

Annual performance evaluation for SO2, NO2, O3, CO See sectio
n 3.1.2 of this append ix Each

analyzer O nce

per year Audit

concentra tion 1 and measured concentra tion 2 for each level. Annual

PE Deleted: equirements

Deleted: . The development, documentation, and implementation of an approved quality system

Deleted: ame as SLAMS. Inserted Cells Inserted Cells

Inserted Cells

Moved (insertion) [11]Appendix D to Part 58—Network Design Criteria for A mbient Air Quality Monitoring * * * * * 3
. * * * (b) The NCore sites must measure, at a minimum, PM 2.5 particle mass using continuous and integrated/filte r-based samplers, speciated PM 2.5 , PM 10-2.5 particle mass, O 3 , SO 2 , CO, NO/NO Y , wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, an d ambient temperature. (1) Although the measurement of NO y is required in support of a number of monitoring objectives, available com mercial instruments may indicate little difference in their measurement of NO y compared to the conventional measurement of NO X , particularly in areas with relatively fresh sources of nitrogen emissions. Therefore, in areas with negligible expe cted difference between NO y and NO X measured concentrations, the Administrator may allow for waivers that permit NO X monitoring to be substituted for the required NO y monitoring at applicable NCore sites. (2) EPA recognizes that, in some cases, the physica l location of the NCore site may not be suitable for representative meteorological measurements due to t he site's physical surroundings. It is also possible that nea rby meteorological measurements may be able to fulfill this data need. In these cases, the requirement for meteorolo gical Deleted: speciated PM10-2.5,

Deleted: NCore sites in CBSA with a population of 500,000 people (as determined in the latest Census) or greater shall also measure Pb either as Pb-TSP or Pb-PM10. The EPA Regional Administrator may approve an alternative location for the Pb measurement where the alternative location would be more appropriate for logistical reasons and the measurement would provide data on typical Pb concentrations in the CBSA.monitoring can be waived by the Administrator.

* * * * * 4.5 * * * (b) [Reserved] (c) The EPA Regional Administrator may require addi tional monitoring beyond the minimum monitoring requiremen ts contained in paragraph 4.5(a) of this appendix where the likelihood of Pb air quality violations is significant or where the emissions density, topography, or population locations are co mplex and varied. EPA Regional Administrators may require add itional monitoring at locations including, but not limited to, those near existing additional industrial sources of Pb, recently closed industrial sources of Pb, airports where pis ton-engine aircraft emit Pb, and other sources of re-entrained Pb dust.

* * * * * Deleted: (b) State and, where appropriate, local agencies are required to conduct non-source-oriented Pb monitoring at each NCore site required under paragraph 3 of this appendix in a CBSA with a population of 500,000 or more.¶ Deleted: paragraphs Deleted: and 4.5(b)NPAP for SO2,

NO2, O3, CO Indepe ndent Audit 20% of

sites each year Once

per year Audit

concentra tion 1 and measured concentra tion 2 for each level. NPAP

Particulate Methods
2 Continuous
4 method – collocated quality control sampling PM2.5 C olloca

ted sampler
s. 1 5% 1 -in12 days P rimary

sampler concentra tion and duplicate sampler concentra tion. 3 N o

Transac tion reporte d as
raw data

Manual methodcollocated quality control sampling PM10, PM2.5, Pb-TSP, Pb-PM10. Colloca ted sampler
s. 15% 1-in12 days P rimary

sampler concentra tion and duplicate sampler concentra tion. 3 No

Transac tion reporte d as
raw data
Flow rate verification P M10 (low Vol) PM2.5, Pb-PM10 3 Check of sampler E ach

sampler O nce

every month A udit

flow rate and measured F low

Rate Verific ation Deleted Cells

Deleted:

Deleted: . The assessment of data quality

Inserted Cells Inserted Cells Moved (insertion) [12] Inserted Cells

Inserted Cells

Moved (insertion) [13]

Deleted: . The use of reference, equivalent, or approved methods Inserted Cells Moved (insertion) [14] Inserted Cells Inserted Cellsflow rate. flow rate indicated by the sampler.

Flow rate verification PM10 (High-Vol), Pb-TSP Check of sampler flow rate. Each

sampler Once

every quarte
r A udit

flow rate and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler. Flow

Rate Verific ation

Semi-annual flow rate audit P M10, TSP, PM10-2.5, PM2.5, PbTSP, Pb-PM10. 4 Check of sampler flow rate using indepen dent standar d . E ach

sampler

, O nce

every 6 months

. A udit

flow rate and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler S emi

Annual Flow Rate Audit

Pb analysis audits P b-TSP, Pb-PM10 5 Check of analyti cal system with Pb audit strips/ S Analyt

ical. O nce

each quarte
r. M easured

value and audit value (ug Pb/filter ) using AQS unit code 077 P b

Analysi
s Audits Moved (insertion) [15]

Deleted: . The use

Deleted: calibration standards traceable to NIST or other primary Inserted Cells Moved (insertion) [16] Inserted Cells

Inserted Cells

Moved (insertion) [17] Deleted: . The participation in EPA performance evaluations and the permission for EPA to conduct system audits
Deleted: ame as SLAMSfilters

.

M Performance Evaluation Program PM2.5 C olloca ted sampler
s. S(1) 5

valid audits for primary QA orgs, with <= 5 sites. (2) 8 valid audits for primary QA orgs, with > 5 sites. ( 3) All sampler s in 6 years S Distr

ibuted
over all 4 quarte
rs P rimary

sampler concentra tion and performan
ce evaluatio n sampler concentra tion. P EP

Annual Performance Evaluation Program Pb-TSP, Pb-PM10 C olloca ted sampler
s. S(1) 1

valid audit and 4 colloca D istri

buted
over all 4 P rimary

sampler concentra tion and performan P EP Deleted: onitoring and QA Responsibility Inserted Cells Deleted: tate/local agency via the “primary quality assurance organization”

Deleted: ource owner/operator. Moved (insertion) [18]

Deleted: Monitoring Duration ... [42]

Deleted: (PE) Inserted Cells Deleted: tandards and equipment different from those used for spanning, calibration, and verifications. Prefer different personnel

Inserted Cells Moved (insertion) [19]

Inserted Cellsted samples for primary QA orgs, with <=5 sites. ( 2) 2 valid audits and 6 colloca ted samples for primary QA orgs with > 5 sites. quarte

rs ce

evaluatio n sampler concentra tion. Primary sampler concentra tion and duplicate sampler concentra tion.

Effective concentration for open path analyzers 2 Corrected concentration, if applicable for open pat h analyzers 3 Both primary and collocated sampler values are repo rted as raw data 4 PM 2.5 is the only particulate criteria pollutant requiri ng collocation of continuous and manual primary monitors Table A-2 of Appendix A to Part 58 – Summary of PM 2.5 Number and Type of Collocation (15% Collocation Requirement) R equired Using an example of a PQAO that has 54 Primary Mon itors (54 sites) with One Federal Reference Method Type and T hree types of

Approved Federal Equivalent Methods. Performance evaluation C Total no.

of monitors 1 Total

no. of O No. of

collocated N o. of

collocated Moved (insertion) [20]

Deleted: Personnel, standards and equipment different from those used for spanning, calibration, and verifications.

Deleted: PE audit rate: ... [43] Moved (insertion) [21]

Deleted: Table A-2 of Appendix A to Part 58—Minimum Data Assessment Requirements for SLAMS Sites¶ Deleted: Method ... [44] Moved up [9]: Minimum Moved up [10]: Parameters Moved up [11]: Once per year Moved up [20]: Primary sampler concentration and duplicate sampler concentration.

Moved up [19]: Primary sampler concentration and performance evaluation sampler concentration. Moved up [13]: Primary sampler concentration and duplicate sampler concentration.

Moved up [14]: Audit flow rate and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler. Moved up [15]: Audit flow rate and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler. Moved up [16]: Audit flow rate and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler Deleted: ollocated samplers Deleted: . 1 valid audit and 4 collocated samples for primary QA orgs, with >5 sites 2. 2 valid audits and 6 collocated samples for primary QA orgs, with >5 sites Deleted: ver all 4 quartersprogram

Primary sampler method designation collocate d with FRM with same method designation as primary

FRM 20 3 3 3 FEM (A) 20 3 2 1 FEM (B) 2 1 1 0 FEM (C) 12 2 1 1 Moved up [17]: Pb-TSP, Pb-PM10 Moved up [18]: Primary sampler concentration and performance evaluation sampler concentration.Primary Moved up [12]: Primary sampler concentration and duplicate sampler concentration.

Moved up [21]: 1 Effective concentration for open path Deleted: 1

... ffective concentration for open path analyzers
. ¶ Deleted: .¶ 2Corrected concentration, if applicable, for open path analyzers.¶ Table A-3 of Appendix A to Part 58— Summary of PM2.5 Number and Type of Collocation (15% Collocation Requirement) Needed as an Example of a Primary Quality Assurance Organization That Has 54 Monitors and Procured FRMs and Three Other Equivalent Method Types¶ Primary sampler method designation ... [45]Page 18: [1] Deleted Author



## network plan required in paragraph (a)(1) of this s ection. The plan shall provide for the required source-oriented Pb monitoring sites for Pb sources emitting 1.0 tpy or greater to be operational by January 1, 2010. A plan for estab lishing source-oriented Pb monitoring sites in accordance w ith the requirements of appendix D to this part for Pb sour ces emitting equal to or greater than 0.50 tpy but less than 1.0 tpy shall be submitted to the EPA Regional Administrator no late r than July 1, 2011. The plan shall provide for the required so urce-oriented Pb monitoring sites for Pb sources emitting equal t o or greater than 0.50 tpy but less than 1.0 tpy to be operation al by December 27, 2011. (5)(i) A plan for establishing or identifying an ar ea-wide NO2 monitor, in accordance with the requirements of App endix D, section 4.3.3 to this part, shall be submitted as p art of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan to the EPA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2012. The plan shall provide for these r equired monitors to be operational by January 1, 2013. (ii) A plan for establishing or identifying any NO2 monitor intended to characterize vulnerable and susceptible populations, as required in Appendix D, section 4.3.4 to this pa rt, shall be submitted as part of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan to the EPA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2012. The pla n shall

## provide for these required monitors to be operation al by January

1, 2013. (iii) A plan for establishing a single near-road NO 2 monitor in CBSAs having 1,000,000 or more persons, in accordan ce with the requirements of Appendix D, section 4.3.2 to this p art, shall be submitted as part of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan to the EPA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2013. The pla n shall provide for these required monitors to be operation al by January 1, 2014. (iv) A plan for establishing a second near-road NO2 monitor in any CBSA with a population of 2,500,000 or more per sons, or a second monitor in any CBSA with a population of 500 ,000 or more persons that has one or more roadway segments with 250,000 or greater AADT counts, in accordance with the require ments of Appendix D, section 4.3.2 to this part, shall be su bmitted as part of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan to the E PA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2014. The plan shall provi de for these required monitors to be operational by January 1, 2 015. (v) A plan for establishing a single near-road NO2 monitor in all CBSAs having 500,000 or more persons, but less than 1,000,000, not already required by paragraph (a)(5) (iv) of this section, in accordance with the requirements of App endix D, section 4.3.2 to this part, shall be submitted as p art of the Annual Monitoring Network Plan to the EPA Regional Administrator

## by July 1, 2016. The plan shall provide for these m onitors to be

operational by January 1, 2017. (6) A plan for establishing SO2 monitoring sites in accordance with the requirements of appendix D to this part sh all be submitted to the EPA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2011 as part of the annual
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## January 1, 2013. (7) A plan for establishing CO monitoring sites in accordance with the requirements of appendix D to this part sh all be submitted to
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## Plans for required CO monitors shall be submitted a t least six months prior to the date such monitors must be esta blished as required by section 58.13. (8)(i) A plan for establishing near-road PM2.5 moni toring sites in CBSAs having 2.5 million or more persons, in acc ordance with the requirements of appendix D to this part, shall be submitted as part of the annual monitoring network plan to th e EPA Regional Administrator by July 1, 2014. The plan sh all provide for these required monitoring stations to be operat ional by January 1, 2015. (ii) A plan for establishing near-road PM2.5 monito ring sites in CBSAs having 1 million or more persons, but less th an 2.5

## million persons, in accordance with the requirement s of appendix

D to this part, shall be submitted as part of the a nnual monitoring network plan to the EPA Regional Adminis trator by July 1, 2016. The plan shall provide for these requ ired monitoring stations to be operational by January 1, 2017. (b) The annual monitoring network plan must contain the following information for each existing and propose d site: (1) The AQS site identification number. (2) The location, including street address and geog raphical coordinates. (3) The sampling and analysis method(s) for each me asured parameter. (4) The operating schedules for each monitor. (5) Any proposals to remove or move a monitoring st ation within a period of 18 months following plan submittal. (6) The monitoring objective and spatial scale of representativeness for each monitor as defined in a ppendix D to this part. (7) The identification of any sites that are suitab le and sites that are not suitable for comparison against the an nual PM2.5 NAAQS as
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## §58.30. (8) The MSA, CBSA, CSA or other area represented by the monitor.

## (9) The designation of any Pb monitors as either so urce-oriented

or non-source-oriented according to Appendix D to 4 0 CFR part 58. (10) Any source-oriented monitors for which a waive r has been requested or granted by the EPA Regional Administra tor as allowed for under paragraph 4.5(a)(ii) of Appendix D to 40 CFR part 58. (11) Any source-oriented or non-source-oriented sit e for which a waiver has been requested or granted by the EPA Reg ional Administrator for the use of Pb-PM10 monitoring in lieu of PbTSP monitoring as allowed for under paragraph 2.10 of Appendix C to 40 CFR part 58. (12) The identification of required NO2 monitors as near-road, area-wide, or vulnerable and susceptible population monitors in accordance with Appendix D, section 4.3 of this par t. (13) The identification of any PM2.5 FEMs and/or AR Ms
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## in the monitoring agency's network where the data a re not of sufficient quality such that data are not to be com pared to the NAAQS. For required SLAMS where the agency identifi es that the PM2.5 Class III FEM or ARM does not produce data of sufficient quality for comparison to the NAAQS, the monitoring agency must ensure that an operating FRM or filter-based FEM me eting the sample frequency requirements described in §58.12 o r other Class

## III PM2.5 FEM or ARM with data of sufficient qualit y is

operating and reporting data
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## (c) The annual monitoring network plan must documen t how state and local agencies provide for the review of change s to a PM2.5 monitoring network that impact the location of a vi olating PM2.5 monitor. The affected state or local agency must do cument the process for obtaining public comment and include an y comments received through the public notification process wi thin their submitted plan. (d) The state, or where applicable local, agency sh all perform and submit to the EPA Regional Administrator an ass essment of the air quality surveillance system every 5 years t o determine, at a minimum, if the network meets the monitoring o bjectives defined in appendix D to this part, whether new sit es are needed, whether existing sites are no longer needed and can be terminated, and whether new technologies are approp riate for incorporation into the ambient air monitoring netwo rk. The network assessment must consider the ability of exi sting and proposed sites to support air quality characterizat ion for areas with relatively high populations of susceptible ind ividuals (e.g., children with asthma), and, for any sites th at are being proposed for discontinuance, the effect on data use rs other than the agency itself, such as nearby states and tribes or health

## effects studies. The state, or where applicable loc al, agency

must submit a copy of this 5-year assessment, along with a revised annual network plan, to the Regional Admini strator. The assessments are due every five years beginning July 1, 2010. (e) All proposed additions and discontinuations of SLAMS monitors in annual monitoring network plans and per iodic network assessments are subject to approval according to §5 8.14.
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## (b) State and local governments must follow the cri teria in appendix C to this part to determine acceptable mon itoring methods or instruments for use in SLAMS networks. A ppendix C criteria are optional at SPM stations. (c) State and local governments must follow the net work design criteria contained in appendix D to this part in de signing and maintaining the SLAMS stations. The final network d esign and all changes in design are subject to approval of the Re gional Administrator. NCore, STN, and PAMS network design and changes are also subject to approval of the Administrator. Changes in SPM stations do not require approvals, but a change in the designation of a monitoring site from SLAMS to SPM requires approval of the Regional Administrator. (d) State and local governments must follow the cri teria contained in appendix E to this part for siting mon itor inlets, paths or probes at SLAMS stations. Appendix E adher ence is

## optional for SPM stations.

(e) State and local governments must assess data fr om Class III PM2.5 FEM and ARM monitors operated within their ne twork using the performance criteria described in table C-4 to subpart C of part 53 of this chapter, for cases where the data a re identified as not of sufficient comparability to a collocated FRM, and the monitoring agency requests that the FEM or ARM data should not be used in comparison to the NAAQS. These assessmen ts are required in the monitoring agency's annual monitori ng network plan described in §58.10(b) for cases where the FEM or ARM is identified as not of sufficient comparability to a collocated FRM. For these collocated PM2.5 monitors the perfor mance criteria apply with the following additional provis ions: (1) The acceptable concentration range (Rj), μg/m3 may include values down to 0 μg/m3. (2) The minimum number of test sites shall be at le ast one; however, the number of test sites will generally in clude all locations within an agency's network with collocate d FRMs and
FEMs or ARMs. (3) The minimum number of methods shall include at least one FRM and at least one FEM or ARM. (4) Since multiple FRMs and FEMs may not be present at each site; the precision statistic requirement does not apply, even if precision data are available.

## (5) All seasons must be covered with no more than t hirty-six

consecutive months of data in total aggregated toge ther. (6) The key statistical metric to include in an ass essment is the bias (both additive and multiplicative) of the PM2.5 continuous FEM(s) compared to a collocated FRM(s). Correlation is required to be reported in the assessment, but f ailure to meet the correlation criteria, by itself, is not ca use to exclude data from a continuous FEM monitor. [71 FR 61298, Oct. 17, 2006, as amended at 78 FR 32 82, Jan. 15, 2013] Back to Top
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## State and local governments shall collect ambient a ir quality data at any SLAMS station on the following operatio nal schedules: (a) For continuous analyzers, consecutive hourly av erages must be collected except during: (1) Periods of routine maintenance, (2) Periods of instrument calibration, or (3) Periods or monitoring seasons exempted by the R egional Administrator. (b) For Pb manual methods, at least one 24-hour sam ple must be collected every 6 days except during periods or sea sons exempted by the Regional Administrator.

## (c) For PAMS VOC samplers, samples must be collecte d as

specified in section 5 of appendix D to this part. Area-specific PAMS operating schedules must be included as part o f the PAMS network description and must be approved by the Reg ional Administrator. (d) For manual PM2.5 samplers:
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## (e) For PM10 samplers, a 24-hour sample must be tak en from midnight to midnight (local standard time) to ensur e national consistency. The minimum monitoring schedule for th e site in the area of expected maximum concentration shall be bas ed on the relative level of that monitoring site concentratio n with respect to the 24-hour standard as illustrated in F igure 1. If the operating agency demonstrates by monitoring dat a that during certain periods of the year conditions preclude vio lation of the PM10 24-hour standard, the increased sampling frequ ency for those periods or seasons may be exempted by the Reg ional Administrator and permitted to revert back to once in six days. The minimum sampling schedule for all other sites i n the area remains once every six days. No less frequently tha n as part of each 5-year network assessment, the most recent yea r of data must be considered to estimate the air quality stat us at the site near the area of maximum concentration. Statis tical models such as analysis of concentration frequency distrib utions as

## described in “Guideline for the Interpretation of O zone Air

Quality Standards,” EPA-450/479-003, U.S. Environme ntal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, Janu ary 1979, should be used. Adjustments to the monitoring sched ule must be made on the basis of the 5-year network assessment. The site having the highest concentration in the most curren t year must be given first consideration when selecting the sit e for the more frequent sampling schedule. Other factors such as major change in sources of PM10 emissions or in sampling site characteristics could influence the location of the expected maximum concentration site. Also, the use of the mo st recent 3 years of data might, in some cases, be justified in order to provide a more representative database from which t o estimate current air quality status and to provide stability to the network. This multiyear consideration reduces the p ossibility of an anomalous year biasing a site selected for accel erated sampling. If the maximum concentration site based o n the most current year is not selected for the more frequent operating schedule, documentation of the justification for se lection of an alternative site must be submitted to the Regional Office for approval during the 5-year network assessment proce ss. Minimum data completeness criteria, number of years of data and sampling frequency for judging attainment of the NAAQS are d iscussed in appendix K of part 50 of this chapter.

## View or download PDF

(f) For manual PM10-2.5 samplers: (1) Manual PM10-2.5 samplers at NCore stations must operate on at least a 1-in-3 day schedule at sites without a c ollocated continuously operating federal equivalent PM10-2.5 method that has been designated in accordance with part 53 of t his chapter. (2) [Reserved] (g) For continuous SO2 analyzers, the maximum 5-min ute block average concentration of the twelve 5-minute blocks in each hour must be collected except as noted in §58.12 (a).
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## (b) This appendix specifies the minimum quality sys tem requirements applicable to SLAMS air monitoring dat a and PSD data for the pollutants SO2, NO2, O3, CO, Pb, PM2.5 , PM10 and PM10-2.5 submitted to EPA. This appendix also appli es to all SPM stations using FRM, FEM, or ARM methods which also meet the requirements of appendix E of this part, unless alt ernatives to

## this appendix for SPMs have been approved in accord ance with

§58.11(a)(2). Monitoring organizations are encourag ed to develop and maintain quality systems more extensive than th e required minimums. The permit-granting authority for PSD may require more frequent or more stringent requirements. Monitoring organizations may, based on their quality objective s, develop and maintain quality systems beyond the required mi nimum. Additional guidance for the requirements reflected in this appendix can be found in the “Quality Assurance Han dbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems”, Volume II (see refe rence 10 of this appendix) and at a national level in reference s 1, 2, and 3 of this appendix.

1.1 Similarities and Differences Between SLAMS an d PSD Monitoring. In most cases, the quality assurance re quirements for SLAMS, SPMs if applicable, and PSD are the same . Affected SPMs are subject to all the SLAMS requirements, eve n where not specifically stated in each section. Table A-1 of t his appendix summarizes the major similarities and differences o f the requirements for SLAMS and PSD. Both programs requi re:
(a) The development, documentation, and implementat ion of an approved quality system;
(b) The assessment of data quality;

## (c) The use of reference, equivalent, or approved m ethods. The

requirements of this appendix do not apply to a SPM that does not use a FRM, FEM, or ARM;
(d) The use of calibration standards traceable to N IST or other primary standard;
(e) Performance evaluations and systems.
1.1.1 The monitoring and quality assurance respon sibilities for SLAMS are with the State or local agency, herea fter called the monitoring organization, whereas for PSD they a re with the owner/operator seeking the permit. The monitoring d uration for SLAMS is indefinite, whereas for PSD the duration i s usually 12 months. Whereas the reporting period for precision and accuracy data is on an annual or calendar quarter basis for SLAMS, it is on a continuing sampler quarter basis for PSD, sinc e the monitoring may not commence at the beginning of a c alendar quarter.
1.1.2 The annual performance evaluations (describ ed in section 3.2.2 of this appendix) for PSD must be conducted b y personnel different from those who perform routine span check s and calibrations, whereas for SLAMS, it is the preferre d but not the required condition. For PSD, the evaluation rate is 100 percent of the sites per reporting quarter whereas for SLAM S it is 25

## percent of the sites or instruments quarterly. Moni toring for

sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for PSD must be done with automated analyzers—the manual bubbler me thods are not permitted.
1.1.3 The requirements for precision assessment f or the automated methods are the same for both SLAMS and P SD. However, for manual methods, only one collocated site is req uired for
PSD.
1.1.4 The precision, accuracy and bias data for P SD are reported separately for each sampler (site), wherea s for SLAMS, the report may be by sampler (site), by primary qua lity assurance organization, or nationally, depending on the pollutant. SLAMS data are required to be reported t o the AQS, PSD data are required to be reported to the permit- granting authority. Requirements in this appendix, with the exception of the differences discussed in this section, and in T able A-1 of this appendix will be expected to be followed by bo th SLAMS and PSD networks unless directly specified in a particu lar section.

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## Monitoring organizations must develop quality assur ance project plans (QAPP) which describe how the organization in tends to control measurement uncertainty to an appropriate l evel in order

## to achieve the objectives for which the data are co llected. The

process by which one determines the quality of data needed to meet the monitoring objective is sometimes referred to the Data Quality Objectives Process. Data quality indicators associated with measurement uncertainty include:

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## The frequency of QC checks may be reduced based upo n review, assessment and approval of the EPA Regional Adminis trator. However,

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## analyzers. The ranges allow for appropriate check g as selection for SLAMS sites that may be sampling for different objectives, i.e., trace gas monitoring vs. comparison to Nation al Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

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## routine concentration ranges. To check the precisio n and bias of SLAMS analyzers operating at ranges either above or below the levels identified, use check gases of appropriate c oncentrations as approved by the appropriate EPA Regional Adminis trator or

## their designee. The standards from which check conc entrations

are obtained must meet the specifications of sectio n 2.6 of this appendix

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

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## (b) An additional 4th level is encouraged for those monitors that have the potential for exceeding the concentra tion ranges described by the initial three selected.

3.
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## .2.5.4 In determining the number of collocated si tes required for PM2.5, monitoring networks for visibility asses sments should
not

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## 3.2.6 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM10−2.5 . For the PM10-2.5 network, all automated methods must be des ignated as Federal equivalent methods (FEMs). For each pair of collocated monitors, designate one sampler as the primary moni tor whose concentrations will be used to report air quality f or the site, and designate the other as the audit monitor.
3.2.6.1 The EPA shall ensure that each EPA design ated FEM within the national PM10-2.5 monitoring network mus t:
(a) Have 15 percent of the monitors collocated (val ues of 0.5 and greater round up); and

## (b) Have at least 2 collocated monitors (if the tot al number of

monitors is less than 10). The first collocated mon itor must be a designated FRM monitor and the second must be a m onitor of the same method designation. Both collocated FRM and FE M monitors can be located at the same site.
3.2.6.2 The Regional Administrator for the EPA Re gions where the FEMs are implemented will select the sites for collocated monitoring. The site selection process shall consid er giving priority to sites at primary quality assurance orga nizations or States with more than one PM10-2.5 site, sites cons idered important from a regional perspective, and sites ne eded for an appropriate distribution among rural and urban NCor e sites. Depending on the speed at which the PM10-2.5 networ k is deployed, the first sites implementing FEMs shall b e required to perform collocation until there is a larger distrib ution of FEM monitors implemented in the network.

3.2.6.3 The two collocated monitors must be withi n 4 meters of each other and at least 2 meters apart for flow rat es greater than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for s amplers having flow rates less than 200 liters/min to precl ude airflow interference. A waiver allowing up to 10 meters hor izontal distance and up to 3 meters vertical distance (inle t to inlet) between a primary and a collocated sampler may be a pproved by

## the Regional Administrator for sites at a neighborh ood or larger

scale of representation taking into consideration s afety, logistics, and space availability. This waiver may be approved during the annual network plan approval process. Ca libration, sampling, and analysis must be the same for all the collocated samplers in each agency's network.
3.2.6.4 Sample the collocated audit monitor for S LAMS sites on a 12-day schedule. Report the measurements from bot h primary and collocated audit monitors at each collocated sampli ng site. The calculations for evaluating precision between the t wo collocated monitors are described in section 4.3.1 of this app endix.

3.2.7

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## These evaluations will be performed under the PM Pe rformance Evaluation Program (PEP) (section 2.4 of this appen dix) or a comparable program. Performance evaluations will be performed on the SLAMS monitors annually within each primary qua lity assurance organization. For primary quality assuran ce organizations with less than or equal to five monit oring sites, five valid performance evaluation audits must be co llected and reported each year. For primary quality assurance o rganizationsPage 66: [34] Deleted Author



## Additionally, each year, every designated FRM or FE M within a primary quality assurance organization must:
(1) Have each method designation evaluated each yea r; and,
(2) Have all FRM or FEM samplers subject to a PEP a udit at least once every six years; which equates to approximatel y 15 percent of the monitoring sites audited each year.
(b) Additional information concerning the Performan ce Evaluation Program is contained in reference 10 of this append ix. The calculations for evaluating bias between the primar y monitor and the performance evaluation monitor for PM2.5 are de scribed in section 4.3.2 of this appendix.
3.2.8 PM10-2.5 Performance Evaluation Program. Fo r the PM10- 2.5 network, all automated methods will be designat ed as federal equivalent methods (FEMs). One performance evaluati on audit, as described in section 3.2.7 must be performed at one PM10-2.5 site in each primary quality assurance organization each year. The calculations for evaluating bias between the pr imary monitor(s) and the performance evaluation monitors for PM10-2.5 are described in section 4.1.3 of this appendix.

## 3.3 Measurement Quality Checks of Manual Methods. Table A-2 of

this appendix provides a summary of the types and f requency of the measurement quality checks that will be describ ed in this section.
3.3.1 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM10. Fo r each network of manual PM10 methods, select 15 percent ( or at least one) of the monitoring sites within the primary qua lity assurance organization for collocated sampling. For purposes of precision assessment, networks for measuring total suspended particulate (TSP) and PM10 shall be considered sepa rately from one another. However, PM10 samplers used in the PM1 0-2.5 network, may be counted along with the PM10 sampler s in the PM10 network as long as the PM10 samplers in both networ ks are the same method designation. PM10 and TSP sites having annual mean particulate matter concentrations among the highest 25 percent of the annual mean concentrations for all the sites in the network must be selected or, if such sites are impr actical, alternative sites approved by the EPA Regional Admi nistrator may be selected.

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## 3.3.1.2 The two collocated monitors must be withi n 4 meters of

## each other and at least 2 meters apart for flow rat es greater

than 200 liters/min or at least 1 meter apart for s amplers having flow rates less than 200 liters/min to precl ude airflow interference. Calibration, sampling, analysis and verification/validation procedures must be the same for both collocated samplers and the same as for all other s amplers in the network.
3.3.1.3 For each pair of collocated samplers, des ignate one sampler as the primary sampler whose samples will b e used to report air quality for the site, and designate the other as the audit sampler. Sample SLAMS sites on a 12-day sched ule; sample PSD sites on a 6-day schedule or every third day fo r PSD daily samplers. If a primary quality assurance organizati on has only one collocated monitor, higher sampling frequencies than the 12- day schedule may be needed in order to produce appr oximately 25 valid sample pairs a year. Report the measurements from both samplers at each collocated sampling site. The calc ulations for evaluating precision between the two collocated sam plers are described in section 4.2.1 of this appendix.

3.3.2 Flow Rate Verification for Particulate Matt er. Follow the same procedure as described in section 3.2.3 of this appendix for PM2.5, PM10 (low-volume instruments), and PM10−2.5. High-volume PM10 and TSP instruments can also follo w the

## procedure in section 3.2.3 but the audits are requi red to be

conducted quarterly. The percent differences betwee n the audit and measured flow rates are used to assess the bias of the monitoring data as described in section 4.2.2 of th is appendix.

3.3.3 Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit for Particulate Matter. Follow the same procedure as described in section 3 .2.4 of this appendix for PM2.5, PM10, PM10-2.5 and TSP instrume nts. The percent differences between these flow rates are us ed to validate the one-point flow rate verification check s used to estimate bias as described in section 4.2.3 of this appendix.
Great

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## used in auditing high-volume particulate matter sam plers having flow regulators because the introduction of resista nce plates in the audit flow standard device can cause abnormal f low patterns at the point of flow sensing. For this reason, the flow audit standard should be used with a normal filter in pla ce and without resistance plates in auditing flow-regulate d high-volume samplers, or other steps should be

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## to assure that flow patterns are not perturbed at t he point of

flow sensing.

3.3.4 Pb Methods.

3.3.4.1 Flow Rates. For the Pb Reference Methods (40 CFR Part 50, appendix G and appendix Q) and associated FEMs, the flow rates of the Pb samplers shall be verified and audi ted

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## the same procedures described in sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 of this appendix.

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## 3.3.5 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM2.5. F ollow the same procedure as described in section 3.2.5 of thi s appendix. PM2.5 samplers used in the PM10-2.5 network, may be counted along with the PM2.5 samplers in the PM2.5 network as long as the PM2.5 samplers in both networks are the same me thod designation.
3.3.6 Collocated Sampling Procedures for PM10-2.5 . All designated FRMs within the PM10-2.5 monitoring netw ork must have 15 percent of the monitors collocated (values of 0. 5 and greater

## round up) at the PM10-2.5 sites. All FRM method des ignations can

be aggregated.
3.3.6.1 The EPA shall ensure that each designated FEM within the PM10-2.5 monitoring network must:
(a) Have 15 percent of the monitors collocated (val ues of 0.5 and greater round up); and
(b) Have at least 2 collocated monitors (if the tot al number of monitors is less than 10). The first collocated mon itor must be a designated FRM monitor and the second must be a m onitor of the same method designation. Both collocated FRM and FE M monitors can be located at the same site.
3.3.6.2 The Regional Administrator for the EPA Re gion where the FRM or FEMs are implemented will select the sit es for collocated monitoring. The collocation site selecti on process shall consider sites at primary quality assurance o rganizations or States with more than one PM10-2.5 site; primary quality assurance organizations already monitoring for PM10 and PM2.5 using FRMs or FEMs; and an appropriate distribution among rural and urban NCore sites. Monitoring organizations imp lementing PM10 samplers and PM2.5 FRM samplers of the same me thod designation as the PM10-2.5 FRM can include the PM1 0-2.5 monitors in their respective PM10 and PM2.5 count. Follow the

## same procedures as described in sections 3.2.6.2 an d 3.2.6.3 of

this appendix.
3.3.7 PM2.5 Performance Evaluation Program (PEP) Procedures. Follow the same procedure as described in section 3 .2.7 of this appendix.
3.3.8 PM10-2.5 Performance Evaluation Program (PE P) Procedures. One performance evaluation audit, as de scribed in section 3.2.7 of this appendix must be performed at one PM10-2.5 site in each primary quality assurance organization each year. Monitoring organizations implementing PM2.5 FRM sam plers of the same method designation in both the PM2.5 and the P M10-2.5 networks can include the PM10-2.5 performance evalu ation audit in their respective PM2.5 performance evaluation co unt as long as the performance evaluation is conducted at the P M10-2.5 site. The calculations for evaluating bias between the pr imary monitor(s) and the performance evaluation monitors for PM10-2.5 are described in section 4.1.3 of this appendix.

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## 4.1.4 Validation of Bias Using the one-point QC C hecks. The annual performance evaluations for SO2, NO2, O3, or CO described in section 3.2.2 of this appendix are used to verif y the results obtained from the one-point QC checks and to valida te those

## results across a range of concentration levels. To quantify this

annually at the site level and at the 3-year primar y quality assurance organization level, probability limits wi ll be calculated from the one-point QC checks using equat ions 6 and 7 of this appendix:

where, m is the mean (equation 8 of this appendix):

where, k is the total number of one point QC checks for the interval being evaluated and S is the standard devi ation of the percent differences (equation 9 of this appendix) a s follows:

## 4.1.5 Percent Difference. Percent differences for the

performance evaluations, calculated using equation 1 of this appendix can be compared to the probability interva ls for the respective site or at the primary quality assurance organization level. Ninety-five percent of the individual percen t differences (all audit concentration levels) for the performanc e evaluations should be captured within the probability intervals for the primary quality assurance organization.

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## 4.2.3 Assessment Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audits. Th e flow rate audits described in sections 3.2.4 and 3.3.3 of thi s appendix are used to assess the results obtained from the on e-point flow rate verifications and to provide an estimate of fl ow rate acceptability. For each flow rate audit, calculate the percent difference in volume using equation 1 of this appen dix where meas is the value indicated by the sampler's volume measurement and audit is the actual volume indicated by the aud iting flow meter. To quantify this annually and at the 3-year primary

## quality assurance organization level, probability l imits are

calculated from the percent differences using equat ions 6 and 7 of this appendix where m is the mean described in e quation 8 of this appendix and k is the total number of one-poin t flow rate verifications for the year and S is the standard de viation of the percent differences as described in equation 9 of this appendix.

4.2.4 Percent Difference. Percent differences for the annual flow rate audit concentration, calculated using equ ation 1 of this appendix, can be compared to the probability i ntervals for the one-point flow rate verifications for the respe ctive primary quality assurance organization. Ninety-five percent of the individual percent differences (all audit concentra tion levels) for the performance evaluations should be captured within the probability intervals for primary quality assurance organization.

4.3 Statistics for the Assessment of PM2.5 and PM 10-2.5.

4.3.1 Precision Estimate. Precision for collocate d instruments for PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 may be estimated where both the primary and collocated instruments are the same method desi gnation and when the method designations are not similar. Follo w the procedure described in section 4.2.1 of this append ix. In

## addition, one may want to perform an estimate of bi as when the

primary monitor is an FEM and the collocated monito r is an FRM. Follow the procedure described in section 4.1.3 of this appendix in order to provide an estimate of bias using the c ollocated data.
4.3.2 Bias Estimate. Follow the procedure describ ed in section 4.1.3 of this appendix for the bias estimate of PM1 0-2.5. The PM2.5 bias estimate is calculated using the paired routine and the PEP monitor data described in section 3.2.6 of this appendix. Calculate the percent difference, di, usi ng equation 1 of this appendix, where meas is the measured concen tration from agency's primary monitor and audit is the concentra tion from the PEP monitor. The data pair would only be considered valid if both concentrations are greater than the minimum va lues specified in section 4(c) of this appendix. Estimat es of bias are presented for various levels of aggregation, so metimes aggregating over time, sometimes aggregating over s amplers, and sometimes aggregating over both time and samplers. These various levels of aggregation are achieved using the same b asic statistic.
4.3.2.1 This statistic averages the individual bi ases described in equation 1 of this appendix to the des ired level of aggregation using equation 12 of this appendix:

## where, nj is the number of pairs and d1, d2, * * *, dnj are

the biases for each of the pairs to be averaged.

4.3.2.2 Confidence intervals can be constructed f or these average bias estimates in equation 12 of this appen dix using equations 13 and 14 of this appendix:

Where, t0.95,df is the 95th quantile of a t-distrib ution with degrees of freedom df = nj − 1 and s is an estimate of the variability of the average bias calculated using eq uation 15 of this appendix:

## 4.4 Statistics for the Assessment of Pb.

4.4.1 Precision Estimate. Follow the same procedu res as described for PM10 in section 4.2.1 of this appendi x using the data from the collocated instruments. The data pair would only be considered valid if both concentrations are grea ter than the minimum values specified in section 4(c) of this ap pendix.
4.4.2 Bias Estimate. For the Pb analysis audits d escribed in section 3.3.4.2 and the Pb Performance Evaluation P rogram described in section 3.3.4.4, follow the same proce dure as described in section 4.1.3 for the bias estimate.
4.4.3 Flow rate calculations. For the one point f low rate verifications, follow the same procedures as descri bed for PM10 in section 4.2.2; for the flow rate audits, follow the same procedures as described in section 4.2.3.

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## Monitoring Duration Indefinitely Usually up to 12

## months.

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## PE audit rate: —Automated 100% per year 100% per quarter.

—Manual Varies depending on

pollutant. See Table A-2 of this appendix 100% per quarter.

Precision
Assessment:

—Automated One-point QC check

biweekly but data quality dependent One point QC check biweekly.

—Manual Varies depending on

pollutant. See Table A-2 of this appendix One site: 1 every 6 days or every third day for daily monitoring (TSP and Pb). Reporting

—Automated By site—EPA performs

calculations annually By site—source owner/operator performs calculations each sampling

## quarter.

—Manual By reporting

organization—EPA performs calculations annually By site—source owner/operator performs calculations each sampling quarter.

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## Method Assessment

method Coverage Minimum frequency Parameters

reported
Automated Methods

1-Point QC for SO2, NO2, O3, CO Response

check at concentration 0.01-0.1 ppm SO2, NO2, O3, and 1-10 ppm
CO Each

analyzer Once per

2 weeks Audit

concentration1 and measured concentration2.

Annual performance evaluation for SO2, NO2, O3, CO See section

3.2.2 of this appendix Each

analyzer Once per

year Audit

concentration1 and measured concentration2 for each level.

## Flow rate

verification PM10, PM2.5, PM10-2.5 Check of

sampler flow
rate Each

sampler Once

every month Audit flow rate

and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler.
Semi-annual flow rate audit PM10, PM2.5, PM10- 2.5 Check of

sampler flow rate using independent standard Each

sampler Once

every 6 months Audit flow rate

and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler.

Collocated sampling PM2.5, PM10- 2.5 Collocated

samplers 15% Every 12 days Primary sampler

concentration and duplicate sampler concentration.

Performance evaluation
program PM2.5, PM10- 2.5 Collocated

samplers 1. 5 valid

audits for primary QA orgs, with ≤ 5 sites 2. 8 valid audits for primary QA Over all

4 quarters Primary sampler

concentration and performance evaluation sampler concentration.

## orgs, wi th >5 sites 3. All samplers in 6 years
Manual Methods
Collocated sampling PM10, TSP, PM10-2.5,PM2.5, PbTSP, Pb-PM10 Collocated

samplers 15% Every 12 days PSD— every 6 days Primary sampler

concentration and duplicate sampler concentration.

Flow rate verification PM10 (low Vol), PM10- 2.5, PM2.5, Pb-PM10 Check of

sampler flow
rate Each

sampler Once

every month Audit flow rate

and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler.

Flow rate verificationPM10 (HighVol), TSP, Pb-TSP Check of

sampler flow
rate Each

sampler Once

every quarter Audit flow rate

and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler.

## Semi-annual

flow rate audit PM10, TSP, PM10- 2.5, PM2.5,Pb-TSP, PbPM10 Check of

sampler flow rate using independent standard Each

sampler, all locations Once

every 6 months Audit flow rate

and measured flow rate indicated by the sampler.

Pb auditstrips PbTSP, Pb-PM10 Check of

analytical system with Pb audit strips Analytical Each quarter Actual

concentration and audit concentration.

Performance evaluation
program PM2.5, PM10- 2.5 Collocated

samplers 1. 5 valid

audits for primary QA orgs, with ≤ 5 sites 2. 8 valid audits for primary QA orgs, with >5 sites 3. All Over all

4 quarters Primary sampler

concentration and performance evaluation sampler concentration.

## samplers in 6 years
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## . 2Corrected concentration, if applicable, for open p ath analyzers.
Table A-3 of Appendix A to Part 58—Summary of PM2.5 Number and Type of Collocation (15% Collocation Requirement) N eeded as an Example of a Primary Quality Assurance Organization That Has 54 Monitors and Procured FRMs and Three Other Equivale nt Method Types

Primary sampler method designation Total no.

of monitors Total no.

collocated No. of

collocated
FRM No. of

collocated monitors of same method designation as primary FRM 20 3 3 n/a FEM (A) 20 3 2 1 FEM (C) 2 1 1 0 FEM (D) 12 2 1 1