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				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; ">United States of America</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; ">OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; "> 1120 20th Street, N.W., Ninth Floor</span></p>
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				<p style="widows:0; orphans:0; "><span style="font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:11pt; "> Washington, D.C. 20036-3457</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Secretary of Labor,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Complainant,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> v.</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHRC Docket Nos. 16-1161 and 16-1162</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Payton Roofing, Inc.,</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Consolidated for Trial and Discovery Purposes</span></p>
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							<p style="margin-bottom:0cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Respondent.</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Appearances:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Melanie Stratton, Attorney</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Melanie Paul, Associate Counsel </span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor, Atlanta, Georgia<span>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Secretary</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span> </p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Tim Payton</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Payton Roofing, Inc., Coral Springs, Florida</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>For the Respondent</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Before:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Dennis L. Phillips</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_BodyText style_BodyText " style="line-height:1; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Administrative Law Judge</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">DECISION AND ORDER</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This proceeding is before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (Commission) pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. §§ 651-678 (OSH Act).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This proceeding arises from two separate investigations, Nos.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1128469</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1128473</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conducted by the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Occupational Safety and Health Administration<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">From March 2, 2016 through May 11, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA conducted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nspection No. 1128469 of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Payton Roofing, Inc.’s (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or Payton Roofing)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite at 4160 NW 21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">st</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>St., Building B, Lauderhill, F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lorida</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>33313 (Building B).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On May 11, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA issued a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">one item repeat<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">citation and a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">alleging a violation of OSHA’s construction standards and proposing a total penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">56</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the two citations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 12-15;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8-20). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent filed a notice of contest (NOC). The Commission docketed the case as Docket No. 16-116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on July 22, 2016.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The Secretary filed his complaint in Docket No. 16-1161 on July 15, 2016.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">From<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">February</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 2016 through May 11, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA conducted</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nspection No. 11284</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">73</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s worksite at 4160 NW 21</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">st</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>St., Building<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Lauderhill, F</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lorida</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>33313 (Building<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On May 11, 2016,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA issued<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>item</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>repeat citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>alleging a violation of OSHA’s construction standards and proposing a total penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">32,340 for the two citations</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 12-15;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent filed a NOC. The Commission docketed the case as Docket No. 16-1162 on July 22, 2016. The Secretary filed his complaint in Docket No. 16-1162 on July 15, 2016.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent then failed to file a timely answer to the Secretary’s complaints for either case leading to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the Chief Judge issuing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Order</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Default in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-1161</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">May 12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and in Docket No. 16-1162 on May 16, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Shortly thereafter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent filed a letter disputing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">all</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">allegations.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Chief Judge<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">construed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">letter as answers and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Motion</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to Set Aside Sanctions of Default</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in both cases</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. On May 22, 2017,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the Chief Judge</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">granted Respondent’s Motions to Set Aside Sanctions and rescinded her Orders of Default in both cases.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>On<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">May 23, 2017</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the two cases were assigned to the Court for trial.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On June 8, 2017, during the pre-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>scheduling conference, the Court ordered, without objection, Docket Nos. 16-1161 and 16-1162 to be consolidated for discovery and trial purposes.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref1" href="#ftn1">1</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On July 6, 2017, Complainant filed its Motion to Withdraw Citation 1, Items 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Citation 2, Items 1 and 2,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in Docket No. 16-1162</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">];</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Citation 1, Items 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">b</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and Citation 2, Item 1<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in Docket No. 16-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1161</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Motion to Withdraw Citation Items]</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref2" href="#ftn2">2</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court granted Complainant’s Motion to Withdraw Citation Items at the start of the trial, without objection. (Tr. 12).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on July 13, 2017.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">At the start of the trial, Complainant also withdrew Citation 1, Item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">without objection<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in Docket No. 16-1162</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with the Court’s permission</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref3" href="#ftn3">3</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-12</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent did not appear at the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref4" href="#ftn4">4</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 9). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary filed a post-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>brief. Respondent did not file a post-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>brief. For the reasons set forth below, the Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">affirms Citation</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1, Item 1, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">assesses</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Citation 1, Item 2a, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15) and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">assesses</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>penalty of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">$4,900</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in Docket No. 16-1161</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and Citation 1, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">502(d)(21)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">assesses</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0 in Docket No. 16-1162.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">JURISDICTION</span></p>
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				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText " style="text-align:center; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="width: 105;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence establishes that, at the time of the OSHA inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Respondent was performing roofing work on two residential construction sites in Lauder</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hill</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Florida.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">13</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Roof repair qualifies as “construction work” which is defined as “work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.32(g).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The construction industry<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">affects</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>commerce, and even small employers within that industry are engaged in commerce. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Slingluff</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 425 F.3d 861, 866-67 (10th Cir. 2005);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Clarence M. Jones, d/b/a C. Jones Co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 11 BNA OSHC 1529, 1531 (No. 77-3676, 1983)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The record also establishes that Respondent had at least one employee who was working as a roofer</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">each of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 31;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1 at p. 2, 2 at pp. 2-3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based upon the record, the Court finds that at all relevant times Respondent was engaged in a business affecting commerce and was an employer within the meaning of sections 3(3) and 3(5) of the OSH Act. The Court concludes that the Commission has jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter in this case, and Respondent is covered under the OSH Act.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">BACKGROUND</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">OSHA Inspection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; margin-left:-316.8px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> 1. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-1162, Inspection No. 1128473</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Building D</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On February 29, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>an anonymous caller reported to OSHA an alleged fall protection violation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s worksite at Building D in Lauderhill, Florida. OSHA registered the complaint and dispatched Compliance Officer (CO) Gregory Rodgers to inspect the worksite located at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Building D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref5" href="#ftn5">5</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> Upon arrival, CO Rodgers observed employees working on the roof of a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">multi-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">residential building appearing to be without any form of fall protection. The building was two stories high and the roofers were about 18 - 22 feet above the ground.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref6" href="#ftn6">6</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 17</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">19, 27-31; Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>also took photographs<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of the worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>He then</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>presented his credentials<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and motioned for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">those</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to descend.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers spoke briefly with Max Rodriguez</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>who said he was the supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(foreman)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at that time</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Rodriguez<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was in charge of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>directing the employees and their activities while the supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of record</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Ronald Brown, was away</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>from the job site</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Following the brief discussion, CO Rodgers continued his investigation.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>He went up to the roof and took additional photographs. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">took the names of employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and interviewed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">them<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for bas</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ic information</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">34-40;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1, 3, 9-10, 18 at p. 2).<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Re</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">spondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees, including Mr. Rodriguez, returned to their work on the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 25,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">31-3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers observed Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employee,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Jose<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, in a personal fall arrest system with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lifeline</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s joined by a knot</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was undersized</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>frayed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">with</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>various knots</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and abrasions.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">After completing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>his inspection, CO Rodgers discussed his findings with Mr. Rodriguez.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that Mr. Rodriguez signed a statement claiming he knew the lifeline was defective</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and that Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had used it<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for the past two days.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>training, CO Rodgers testified that both Mr. Rodriguez and Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees stated they had received a video training, at company offices, on fall arre</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">st systems.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 44-49;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1, at p. 3,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">40)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; margin-left:-316.8px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> 2. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-116</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Inspection No. 11284</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">69, Building B</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">On March 2, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CO Rodgers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">returned to Respondent’s worksite at Lauderhill, Florida<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in order to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>conclude his investigation of inspection no. 1128473 that he had started three days earlier.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 53</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> U</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">pon arriv</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ing at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Building B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, CO Rodgers observed Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">working<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">They appeared to be using harnesses and lifelines while placing a tape barrier around the perimeter</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Building</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">had the same<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">architecture</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">design,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">style,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">structure and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>dimensions as to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">size</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>height</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">53, 82</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers went up to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Building B’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>roof and photographed the area while<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">essrs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Rodriguez<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and Brown<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">were present.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers observed two areas with holes in the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The first was a large hole, approximately 16 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t by 8 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The hole was created by Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees when the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>removed the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s old<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">plywood<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">sheathing.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The second area was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a deteriorated</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">portion<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that was caving in, which according to CO Rodgers, “constituted a hole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> N</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">either of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">areas surrounding the holes had been</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>covered or<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">surrounded by guardrails</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers saw workers using shovels to strip the old layered roof. He also saw one<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Carlos</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Montes, standing within 6 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t of the large hole<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">without<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">us</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>any fall protection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The two areas exposed employees to a fall of 12 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t as they moved debris near the open and unguarded holes.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 53-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">60;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18, 28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>33</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">While<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Montes</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>failed to use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ny</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fall protection system,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers observed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two oth</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">er</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s, Messrs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Hipolitan</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a fall protection<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">system<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that was non-compliant with OSHA standards<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ile</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>working on the perimeter of the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">their fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>system was faulty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">because Messrs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had improperly attached<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">their<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two lifelines to a single anchorage</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref7" href="#ftn7">7</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The single anchorage was only intended to be used by one person.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 14,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">75</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-79</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 103</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Following the investigation, CO Rodgers discussed his findings with supervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brown. CO Rodgers testified that Mr. Brown acknowledged the existence of the holes, that they had been there for a few days</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and employees had worked around the holes without any form of fall protection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Additionally,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">user’s manual</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was on the roof which set out the permitted uses of harnesses and anchorages.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">anchor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>used by<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">espondent’s employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was designed and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">approved for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a single user.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Furthermore,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that Mr. Brown’s 30 years of roofing experience should have made him aware that his employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>use of two lifelines</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>attached<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to a single anchor was against OSHA standards.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 68</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">76,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>84</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">89;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 29, 34, 36</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">both of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>these</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inspections, OSHA issued the citations in these<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">cases to Payton Roofing on May 11, 2016.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">OSHA Citations</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA issued Respondent two citations:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">u</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nder Docket No. 16-1162, a one-item serious<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">citation proposing a penalty of $5,390;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">u</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nder Docket No. 16-1161, a two-item serious citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">proposing a penalty of $10,780 for a total prop</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">osed penalty of $16,170.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>44-45, 47</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-1162</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 1c, the uninspected fall arrest system violation, alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">21) and proposed a penalty of $5,390.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Section<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">21) states:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Personal fall arrest systems were not inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, and other deterioration, and/or defective components were not removed from service. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">21). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleged that an employee was “exposed to a fall hazard of approximately 18 feet while using a defective undersized lifeline that had knots and abrasions” wh</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ile conducting roof repairs.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 44; Sec’y Br. at 5)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-1161</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 1, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">floor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hole violation, alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) and proposed a penalty of $5,390. Section 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) states:<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Each employee on walking/working surfaces was not protected from falling through holes (including skylights) more than 6 feet (1.8m) above lower levels, by personal fall arrest systems, covers, or guardrail systems erected around such holes.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleged that Respondent’s “employees were exposed to a fall hazard of approximately 12 feet while exposed to unguarded holes in the roof sheathing while performing roof repairs without means of co</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">nventional fall protection.”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 45; Sec’y Br. at 5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Citation 1, Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the anchorage violation,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lleged<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15) and proposed a penalty of $5,390. Section § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15) states:</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">kN</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) per employee attached, or shall be designed, installed, and used as follows</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">:<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two; and (ii) under the supervision of a qualified person. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:48px; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary alleged that two of Respondent’s employees, Messrs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, were “exposed to a fall hazard of approximately 18 feet while both being attached to the same anchorage that w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as intended for one person</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. 47; Sec’y Br. at 6)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline ;">DISCUSSION</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">To establish a violation of an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSH Act</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard, the Secretary must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">: “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(1) the cited standard applies; (2) the employer failed to comply with the standard; (3) the employees had access to the hazardous condition; and (4) the employer had actual or constructive knowledge of the violation.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gioioso</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>& Sons, Inc. v. Occupational Safety and Health Review Comm’n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 675 F.3d 66, 72 (1st Cir. 2012) (citation<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">omitted);<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">see also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Astra Pharm. Prods</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">., 9 BNA OSHC 2126, 2129 (No. 78-6247, 1981),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">aff’d in relevant part</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 681 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1982). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exposure to the hazard requires the Secretary to show whether<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">it is “reasonably predictable”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">empl</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">oyees,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">during the course of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>their</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>duties, “will be, are or have been in a ‘zone of danger’.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Con Agra Flour Milling Co.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1137</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 1150</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 88-1250, 1993)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">rev’d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">. in irrelevant part,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">25 F.3d 653 (8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1994).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">To establish employer knowledge of a violation, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ecretary is required to show that the employer knew, or could have known, of a hazardous condition.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Knowledge can be proven through actual knowledge of the hazard or constructive knowledge.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Constructive knowledge requires the hazard to be “readily apparent” at the time of the violation.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hamilton Fixture</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC 1073, 1091 (No. 88-1720, 1993).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Further, constructive knowledge can be imputed to an employer through the employer’s supervisor.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at 109</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ee also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">P.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gioioso</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>& Sons, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 675 F.3d at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">72.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">If the supervisor was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in close proximity to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the hazard at the time the violation occurred, constructive knowledge can be imputed.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">N</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>State Elec. & Gas Corp</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">No. 91-2897</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2000 WL 35301892</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">*</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">12 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J., Oct. 17,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2000). Even if an employee has been<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">temporarily<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">designated as a supervisor, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employee may</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>still</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>a supervisor<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for the purpose of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>imputing knowledge.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Tampa Shipyards, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 15 BNA OSHC 1533, 1539 (No. 86-360, 1992)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(consolidated)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">1.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
					</span>A</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">lleged Violations</span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">a.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Serious Citation 1, Item 1c – uninspected fall arrest system (No. 16-1162)</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary claims that Respondent violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">21) when its employee failed to remove a defective lifeline from use.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br. at 7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex. 44</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The recor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d establishes that Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">mployee, Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, was using a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">defective<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fall arrest system while performing roofing work on Building D.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Such use exposed him to the possible danger of falling<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18 feet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the ground.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>was using the lifeline as interim<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, Max Rodriguez, was present on the roof. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 42-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">48;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 44</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard applies.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The record establishes that the lifeline was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">damaged and therefor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>defective</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for several reasons.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">First, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">life</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">line had various visible abrasions.</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">According to CO Rodgers, these abrasions could impact the “tensile strength” of the ropes and cause the lifeline to fail.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">38</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">43</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1, 9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Second, the lifeline was comprised of two pieces of rope tied together by a knot.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that the knot<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">compr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">omises</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the lifeline by reducing the strength of the rope by 50% in the event of a fall.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 34</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">43;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.1, 9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Third, one of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lifeline<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ropes was undersized.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">said,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“a regulation compliant lifeline should be five-eighths in diameter, and this line clearly was under five-eighths.” CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers believed that the lifeline was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a half-inch in diameter. He testified that any competent, qualified person would have determined that the anchorage was not capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds per employee attached. CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers said the lifeline should have been a single, continuous lifeline that was neither damaged<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">n</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">or frayed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>affixed to an anchorage rated at 5,000 pounds with either a snap hook or a termination plate. (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">34-40;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1, 9-10, 18 at p. 2).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> These portions of the lifelines were defective</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>but they were not removed fr</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">om</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>service as Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had used the lifelines for two days.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 45</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-48; Ex. 1, at p. 3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers testified that 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">21) required “that personal fall arrest systems be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, deterioration, and those items identified as defective be removed from service.” (Tr. 42). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">This was not done. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>standard was violated.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">With regards to knowledge, CO Rodgers testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Foreman</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Rodri</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">g</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">uez<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">told him on February 29, 2016<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that he knew Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lifelines were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">defective and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“faulty</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Rodriguez<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also told CO Ro</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">gers that he had observed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>use the faulty lifelines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for two days</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">i.e</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. February 28 and February 29, 2016</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 45</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">48</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 40</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">As stated in the Secretary’s post-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>brief,</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“[w]here a cited condition is “readily apparent to anyone who looked” employers have been found to have constructive knowledge.”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hamilton Fixture</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1091</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Constructive knowledge has been found where the hazard is in plain view.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Kokosing Constr. Co., Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>17 BNA OSHC 1869</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 1871</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 92-2596, 1996) (“The conspicuous location, the readily observable nature of the violative condition and the presence of the [employer’s] crews in the area warrant a finding of constructive knowledge.”).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See also MCC of Fla</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 9 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1895, 1898<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 15757, 1981) (finding constructive knowledge when the hazard is in plain view). (Sec’y Br. at 8).</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Here, Respondent had actual and constructive knowledge that its employee, Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, was using a defective personal fall arrest system.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">First, Respondent had actual knowledge of the hazard because acting foreman Max Rodriguez identified the lifeline as “faulty.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0, p. 4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Next, Respondent had constructive knowledge of the violative condition given the obvious defects of the lifeline</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Mr. Rodriguez was on the roof with Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and the fact that the defective lifeline was in use and plain view for two days</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>demonstrates constructive knowledge</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 48</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See Kokosing Constr. Co., Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>17 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">71</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Knowledge has been established.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation is affirmed.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ecretary characterized this citation as serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A violation is “serious” if there was a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could have resulted from the hazardous condition. 29 U.S.C. § 666(k). The Secretary is only required to show that “‘an accident is possible and there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from the accident.’”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Flintco</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>16 BNA OSHC 1404, 1405-06 (No. 92-1396, 1993) (citation omitted). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">testified that the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">efective lifeline</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>used at the worksite</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>could<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fail</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and expose the employee to a fall hazard of 18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>- 20 fee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the mostly concrete surface below</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>result</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>in</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>injury</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref8" href="#ftn8">8</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">42-44)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He further testified that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the probability of a failure was greater because the employee had been using the defective equipment for two days</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">50</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">; Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the record, the court finds that a fall due to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">defective</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>lifelines<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>possible on Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The court further finds that a fall from a height of 18<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">feet<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">could result in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fatalit</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">y</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">severe injuries,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>disability.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">49</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation item is properly characterized as serious.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">b.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Serious Citation 1, Item 1 – alleged hole violation (No. 16-1161)</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">alleges</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">) when its employees were working in “close proximity to unguarded hole[s],” without the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">means of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conventional</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>fall protection, as they “removed debris from the roof of Building B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref9" href="#ftn9">9</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 68-69;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 45;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sec’y Br. at 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence establishes that Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees had created a large hole on the roof of Building B by removing the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s sheathing.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers photographed the large hole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. 33, at “A”)</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref10" href="#ftn10">10</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, and</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">deteriorated portion of the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Ex. 28, at “A”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref11" href="#ftn11">11</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>which w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ere</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>uncovered and without guardrails erected around them to protect the employees from falling through.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Further, CO Rodgers photographed employees within<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">close proximity</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the holes without proper fall protection systems. The cited standard app</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lies.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 54</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-61</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">28,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">33,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">45</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that during his investigation seven employees were on the roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>inc</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">luding M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">essrs</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Rodriguez<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brown</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, working around the large hole without wearing any fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref12" href="#ftn12">12</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The photograph at Ex. 33 shows five of the seven employees pictured on the roof not wearing any personal fall arrest systems. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">testified that he observed<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employee, Mr. Montes,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">only<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">about six feet away from the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded “</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">” at Ex. 28, at “A”,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>without<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wearing<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">any form of personal fall arrest system.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Two other<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees, Messrs.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also observed near the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hole</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">” at Ex. 28, at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“A”,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">using</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">personal fall arrest system</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">But<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the use of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">such system</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>faulty because</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>they had improperly attached<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">their<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two lifelines to a single anchorage.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">59</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-29</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">33,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">40; Sec’y Br. at 11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent violated the standard.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Court finds that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees were exposed to the hazard.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Employees working and walking on the roof had access to the unguarded holes.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">First, CO Rodgers testified that he personally observed an employee walking by an unguarded hole.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 60</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Second,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Montes was standing approximately six feet away from an unguarded section of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">deteriorated roof without wearing fall protection.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 62</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">65</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>He<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">was working within the “zone of danger” of the hazardous condition.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Con Agra Flour Milling Co.,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">11</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">50</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Third, the employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">on the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">had access to the unguarded holes because they were working directly beside and around the unguarded hole and deteriorated roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that the workers were walking around the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as they<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">remov</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>portions of old roof, including the plywood sheathing and roof membrane, and piling the debris on the roof.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 56–5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>He also said</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that he observed portions of the removed roof piled beside the unguarded hole.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex. 33,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">D</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court finds that i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t is “reasonably predictable” that the workers walked past the unguarded hole and deteriorated roof</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>section</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>have placed the debris and trash directly beside the unguarded hole.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; background-color:#FFFFFF; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Sec’y Br. at 12).</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Respondent’s f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ailure to use</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>proper personal fall arrest system</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>near uncovered and unguarded holes exposed employees to a fall of 12 feet</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to the floor below</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The decayed portion of the roof had a diameter of at least 4 feet, with two openings estimated to be one to two feet long by four to six inches wide and two feet long by two to three inches wide. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Together, the Court finds that the decayed portion of the roof and the two openings constituted a hole,</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref13" href="#ftn13">13</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or holes, within the meaning of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court further finds that the hole at Ex. 28, at “A”, constituted a hole that was required to be guarded and protected from falling under the OSHA standard at 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>finds that one of Respondent’s employees could have fallen through these holes. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">These holes presented a hazard to Respondent’s employees. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">R</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">espondent’s employees were exposed to the hazard.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>In<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Monahan & Loughlin, Inc.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>15 BNA OSHC 1086 (No. 89-1524, 1991), a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(b)(1) was established when an employee was injured after falling through a hole that was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">estimated<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to be</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>1 1⁄2 feet by 1 1⁄2 feet.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Similarly, in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Ultra Commercial Interiors, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>23</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>BNA OSHC 1826 (No. 10-1645, 2011),<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious violations of 29 C.F.R. §</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">§</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1926.502(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(3) and 502(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(4) were affirmed when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an employee fell 16 feet through a hole approximately<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2 feet wide by 6 feet long. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1827-30. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">59-6</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 96-98; Ex. 28</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">With regards to knowledge, CO Rodgers testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">upervisor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Brown had been on the roof while employees move</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d debris near the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">large<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hole.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that Mr. Brown admitted that the “workers worked around the holes” for the past two days, “without any form of fall protection</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Mr. Brown also told CO Rodgers that both he (Mr. Brown) and Mr. Rodri</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">g</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">uez had observed Respondent’s employees on the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">working<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">around and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">in<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">close</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>proximity<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">o</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the holes without any means of fall protection. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The large</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>hole was approximately 16 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t by 8 f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t meaning it was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">large enough where Mr. Brown should have been aware of the hazard it presented</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Knowledge has been established.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">67</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">74;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. 18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 29</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation is affirmed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">S</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ecretary characterized this citation as serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A violation is “serious” if there was a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could have resulted from the hazardous condition. 29 U.S.C. § 666(k). The Secretary is only required to show that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">accident is possible and there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from the accident.’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Flintco</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1405-06</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on the record, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds that a fall through holes, that were not covered or guarded,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">wa</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s possible on Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The court further finds that an unprotected fall through a hole, 12 feet above the ground, could result in severe injuries, temporary or permanent disability, or death.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref14" href="#ftn14">14</a></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation item is properly characterized as serious.</span></p>
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			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:72px; text-indent:-.635cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; padding-right:20px;">c.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Serious Citation 1, Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">– alleged anchorage violation (No. 16-1161)</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Secretary claims the Respondent violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15) when two of Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees, wearing personal fall arrest systems, had<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">improperly<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">attached two lifeline</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>to a single anchorage.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref15" href="#ftn15">15</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 88;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ex.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">47;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Sec’y Br.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 13</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The evidence shows that Respondent’s employees implemented a personal fall arrest system with<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">anchor.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>system was used under the supervision of a qualified person, supervisor Brown.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The cited standard applies.<span>
						</span></span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified that he observe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>two of Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employe</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">es, Messrs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, using two lifelines attached to a single anchorage.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref16" href="#ftn16">16</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">According to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the employees had been using this method for two days.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>further observed a user manual</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>entitled “Full Body Harness User Instructions”</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The manual specified the appropriate usages of body harnesses and anchorages for personal fall arrest<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">systems.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The manual permitted only one user per anchorage</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>otherwise the anchor would not comply with the OSHA standard.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref17" href="#ftn17">17</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The “Performance” section of the manual also required the maintenance of a safety factor of two.</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref18" href="#ftn18">18</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">B</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ecause two lifelines were improperly attached to a single anchor, the anchorage was not<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“ ‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">installed’ and ‘used’ as ‘designed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref19" href="#ftn19">19</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Wil</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">liam<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Trahant</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Jr., Constr., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">No. 15-0489</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2017 WL 3399778, at *8 (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">O.S.H.R.C.A.L.J. June 26,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2017) (finding that the employer violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15) where the CO observed that the roof anchorage “was not ‘installed’ and ‘used’ as ‘designed.’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The standard was violated.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">75</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">81</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 89</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 103</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">E</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">x</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">25</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">26</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 34</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">35, 47</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers testified<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">that Respondent’s employees “were exposed to a hazard of a fall of up to 22 feet from that edge of the roof, and if they indeed had fallen, naturally the possibility of a fatality, of a death, if they had used that anchorage and exceeded its limitations and capability and it had failed and did not arrest their fall.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">He said that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the improper use of an anchorage could cause the anchorage to fail and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">employees<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">fall<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">about 18-22</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t to the ground</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Exposure to the hazard has been established.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr. 81</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">82</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 88</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
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				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Both<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">M</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ess</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">r</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Brown and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Rodriguez</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">were on the roo</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">f while Messrs.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tobia</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were attach</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ed to a single anchorage.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Further CO Rodgers testified that, upon request, he was given a copy of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">manufacturer’s manual</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>for the body harnesses and anchorage use.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The manual was present on the roof<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">when</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>were<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">us</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ing</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">lone<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">anchor</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>point</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Respondent should have known,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">through<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">manufacturer’s instructions,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">use<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of the anchorage was improper</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO Rodgers further testified Respondent</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s employees</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, including Mr. Rodriguez,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been t</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">rained in fall arrest systems.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Rodgers concluded that based on Mr. Brown</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s 30 years of experience in roofing, Mr. Rodriguez’s training in fall arrest systems and the manual that was on the roof of the worksite, Respondent should have been informed on how to properly use the anchor.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Knowledge has been established.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Tr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>49,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">71,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">85,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>107</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation is affirmed.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Se</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">cretary characterized this citation as serious.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">A violation is “serious” if there was a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could have resulted from the hazardous condition. 29 U.S.C. § 666(k). The Secretary is only required to show that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an accident is possible and there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from the accident.’</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">”<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Flintco</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC at 1405-06.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ourt finds, based on the record, that an anchorage failure was possible on Respondent’s worksite.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court further finds that a fall of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">18</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>f</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ee</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">t, due to a failed anchorage, could result in severe injuries</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, including broken bones,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>or death.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(Tr. 82</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 88</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">). </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Daniel Crowe Roof Repair</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">23 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2001,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>2017<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(No. 10-2090, 2011)<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(roofing an inherently dangerous activity). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The citation item is properly characterized as serious.</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; text-indent:-1.27cm; line-height:2; text-align:justify; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; padding-right:20px;">2.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">Penalties</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">“Section 17(j) of the [OSH] Act, 29 U.S.C. § 666(j), requires that when assessing penalties, the Commission must give ‘due consideration’ to four criteria: the size of the employer's business, gravity of the violation, good faith, and prior history of violations.” </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1619,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">1624</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(No. 88-1962, 1994)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. When determining gravity,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">typically the most important factor, the Commission considers the number of exposed employees, the duration of their exposure, whether precautions could have been taken against injury, and the likelihood of injury. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> When evaluating good faith:<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px; margin-right:84px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">[T]he Commission focuses on a number of factors relating to the employer's actions, ‘including the employer's safety and health program and its commitment to assuring safe and healthful working<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">conditions[</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,]’ in determining whether an employer's overall efforts to comply with the OSH Act and minimize any harm from the violations merit a penalty reduction.<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Monroe Drywall Constr., Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 24 BNA OSHC 1209, 1211 (No. 12-0379, 2013) (citations omitted). The Commission is the “final arbiter” of penalties. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">16 BNA OSHC at 1622 (citation omitted). </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Regarding Docket No. 16-1162,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious Citation 1, Item 1c, the uninspected fall arrest system violation, the Secretary proposed a penalty of $5,390. For<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Docket No. 16-1161,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">serious Citation 1, Item 1, the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">unguarded<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">hole violation, the Secretary proposed a penalty of $5,390. For serious Citation 1, Item 2a, the anchorage violation, the Secretary proposed a penalty of $5,390. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">For each of these penalty calculations, the Secretary initially issued a penalty amount of $7,000.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">But the Secretary applied a 30% reduction to account for Respondent’s small<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">business<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">size, a 10% increase due to Respondent’s prior history of<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">an<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">OSHA violation,</span><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><a name="ftnref20" href="#ftn20">20</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and no reduction for good faith</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 50).<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">CO<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Rodgers</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>did not recommend a good faith reduction<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for Citation 1, Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, in Docket No. 16-1162 because</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">severity of the item<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>deemed to be high</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because a failure<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">of the lifeline could result in a fatality</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he assigned probability for the item was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">greater</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because Mr.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Ocana</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>had been using the defective lifeline for two days, about 8 hours each day</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> (Tr. 37-40, 49-51, 55-56, 68-70, 78-79, 83-86, 94-96; Sec’y Br. at 1).<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>CO Rodgers also testified that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">severity of the Citation 1, Item 1, in Docket No. 16-1161,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>deemed to be high</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because a fall of 12 feet could result in a disabling</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>permanent injury or death</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he assigned probability for the item was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">greater</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because employees had been working around the holes for<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">two</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>day</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 70-7</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">2; Ex. 18, at p. 4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> He further said that<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">severity of the Citation 1, Item 2a, in Docket No. 16-1161,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>deemed to be high</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because a fall could result in injuries ranging from temporary to permanent disability, broken bones and death</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. T</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">he assigned probability for the item was<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">greater</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>because employees had been using this anchorage for the past two days, about eight hours a day.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">(Tr. 90).</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">
					</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court also agrees that the gravity of these violations is high. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">All of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the safety hazards here had a high likelihood of injury and could have been readily mitigated, but Respondent chose</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not to</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>take simple precautions in order to complete the job. </span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Court agrees with the Secretary’s approach to these factors</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>with one exception</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "> The Court disagrees with the Secretary’s imposition of a 10% increase for Respondent’s prior history.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>The Court is unwilling to consider,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for the purpose of</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>imposing a 10% increase in the penalty, a prior citation that became a final order of the Commission well after the inspections were conducted and the citations issued in this matter. </span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The Commission is not bound by the Secretary’s proposed penalties. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Hern Iron Works, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 16 BNA OSHC at 1621</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">-22</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">. Once a citation is contested, the Secretary’s proposed penalties become advisory and the penalty amount is left to the discretion of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">C</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">ommission.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Id</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>at 1622;<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">ee also</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Brennan v. OSHRC</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 487 F.2d 438, 442 (8</span><span style="font-size:12pt; position:relative;font-size:0.58em; bottom: 1ex;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">th</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Cir. 1973) (“Congress gave<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">the OSHRC the authority to assess penalties.... The Secretary's proposed penalty is effective only if not contested; once contested, the OSHRC can affirm the proposed penalty, modify it, vacate it, or direct other appropriate relief.”). Further, when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">considering an employer’s history of previous violations when<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">determining the appropriate penalty amount</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, the</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>history of prior violations<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">should not include<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a judge’s</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>decision that</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">at the time of the inspections and issuance of citations at issue, was</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>pending before the Commission.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">Gen. Steel Fabricators, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">, 5 BNA OSHC 1837, 1838 (No. 76-710, 1977) (</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Inasmuch as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>the earlier penalty order was not final, the Judge erred by taking cognizance of it in determining the penalty.)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; color:#212121; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>The Court finds that because the previous citation w</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">as</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>not final order at the time the citations here were issued,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">it</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>cannot be used<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">by the Secretary<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">to impose a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>10%</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>increase for the penalty amount.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">The 10% increase for history is therefore excluded, reducing the penalties for each citation as follows: regarding Docket No. 16-1162, the penalty in Citation 1, item 1c is reduced to $4,900; for Docket No. 16-1161, the penalty for Citation 1, item 1 is reduced to $4,900 and the penalty in Citation 1, item 2a, is reduced to $4,900. The total<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Court<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">assessed</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">penalty<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">for these affirmed citation items<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">is $14,700.</span></p>
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			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">All findings of fact and conclusions of law relevant and necessary to a determination of the contested issues have been made above. </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-style:italic; ">See</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a). All proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law inconsistent with this decision are denied.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:13.333px; line-height:1.15; text-align:center; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDER</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:2; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Based on these findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ORDERED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>that:</span></p>
			</div>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">1)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">For Docket No. 16-1162: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">c</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">21), is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">0 is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">.<span>
					</span></span></p>
			<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_ListParagraph style_ListParagraph " style="margin-left:48px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; margin-left:24px; text-indent:-.635cm; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; ">
				<span style="font-size:12pt; padding-right:20px;">2)</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">For Docket No. 16-1161: </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">Item 1 of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">i</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">), is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>and a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">900</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
					</span>is<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">,<span>
					</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:12pt; ">and</span></p>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:0px; line-height:2; margin-left:24px; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Item 2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">a</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>of Citation 1, alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">)(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">15), is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">AFFIRMED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>and a penalty of $</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">,</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">90</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">0 is<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">ASSESSED</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; ">SO</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; font-weight:bold; "><span><span></span>
						</span>ORDERED.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="text-align:justify; margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="text-decoration:underline ;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; text-decoration:underline ;">/s/Dennis L. Phillips<span>
						</span></span>__________<span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">The Honorable Dennis L. Phillips<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Default style_Default " style="margin-left:240px; text-indent:1.27cm; "> U.S. OSHRC Judge</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; ">Date:</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>October 30, 2017</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="text-align:justify; "><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:12pt; "><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>Washington, D.C.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p> </p>
			</div>
			<hr/>"
      <div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn-1" href="#ftnref-1"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn0" href="#ftnref0"></a> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn1" href="#ftnref1"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">1 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Respondent failed to participate in the June 8, 2017 telephone conference. Respondent also did not participate in the final pre-trial<span><span></span>
					</span>conference conducted on July 6, 2017.<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span><span><span></span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn2" href="#ftnref2"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">2 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The remaining citation items in Docket No. 16-1161 for trial were Citation 1, Item 1, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
					</span>1926.501(b)(4)(i) with a proposed penalty of $5,390 and Citation 1, Item 2a, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
					</span>1926.502(d)(15) with a proposed penalty of 5,390. Both alleged violations occurred at Building B on March 2, 2016. (Tr. 13-14).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn3" href="#ftnref3"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">3 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The remaining citation item in Docket No. 16-1162 for trial was Citation 1, Item 1c, which alleged a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. §<span>
					</span>1926.502(d)(21) with a proposed penalty of $5,390. The alleged violation occurred at Building D on February 29, 2016. (Tr. 11-15).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; ">
					<a name="ftn4" href="#ftnref4"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">4 </span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Commission Rule 64 states that the failure of a party to appear at a<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>“may result in a decision against that<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">party.” 29 C.F.R. § 2200.64(a). A failure to appear may be excused where good cause is shown, but a request for<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">reinstatement must be made within five days of the<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">. 29 C.F.R. § 2200.64(b). Respondent has made no<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">such request. The evidence produced by the Secretary is uncontested since Respondent failed to appear at the<span>
						</span></span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p style="margin-left:-48px; text-indent:1.27cm; "><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, proffer any trial exhibits, or file any post-</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">trial</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>brief.</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText "> </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn5" href="#ftnref5"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">5 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers has been familiar with OSHA’s construction safety regulations for more than 20 years, initially as a safety manager and later<span><span></span>
					</span>as an OSHA CO<span>
					</span>beginning in 2009. He has performed approximately 200 OSHA investigations, a third of which involved fall protection. He has an Associate of Science degree in environmental hazardous materials management. (Tr. 20-26). The Court had the opportunity to observe CO Rodgers’ demeanor while testifying at trial. The Court found CO Rodgers to be entirely credible and truthful in his testimony.</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn6" href="#ftnref6"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">6 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers used an electrical rod to make the measurements.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>He measured the height of the roof to be approximately 18 feet.<span>
					</span><span><span></span>
					</span>(Tr.<span><span></span>
					</span>29-31; Ex. 11).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn7" href="#ftnref7"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">7 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Messrs. Brown and Rodriguez were still on the roof at this point. (Tr. 84).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn8" href="#ftnref8"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">8 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Specifically, CO Rodgers testified:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">Q. Okay. And<span>
					</span>so<span><span></span>
					</span>when you say that the equipment could fail, what do you mean?</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">A. Well, when we examine the exhibit [9], we see that this lifeline is compromised with knots and abrasions and being undersized. [Extraneous material<span>
					</span>omitted] And<span><span></span>
					</span>– if that system had been used to arrest a fall, it is questionable that it would be -- have been effective in preventing a fall, in arresting a fall and being exposed to the anticipated forces of a fall. It could have very well failed and resulted in a fatality. (Tr. 43).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn9" href="#ftnref9"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">9 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that 29 C.F.R. § 1926.501(b)(4)(i) required “[t]hat each employee on a walking/working surface be protected from falling through holes, including skylights, when there’s a fall of more than six feet be protected with either a personal fall arrest system, covers or guardrail system around each hole.” (Tr. 69-70).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn10" href="#ftnref10"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">10 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that the large hole could also be considered separate holes because<span>
					</span>the<span>
					</span>roof joists<span>
					</span>actually separated<span><span></span>
					</span>the hole into multiple holes. (Tr. 95;<span>
					</span>Exs. 28, 3-34).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn11" href="#ftnref11"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">11 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that the diameter of the “hole” at Ex. 28, at “A”, was roughly 4 feet. He said the plywood there was “[d]ecayed<span><span></span>
					</span>and its structural integrity is such that it would not support the weight of an employee.” He also said that the area “appears to be deteriorated and caving in in the roof sheeting area, which would constitute the hole.” (Tr. 61-62, 96-97; Ex. 28, at “A”). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn12" href="#ftnref12"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">12 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>Other employees seen on the roof included Messrs. Tobias,<span>
					</span>Ocana, Montes, and<span>
					</span>Tobia. (Tr. 92-93; Ex. 18). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn13" href="#ftnref13"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">13 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>29 C.F.R. § 1926.500(b) defines a “hole” and<span><span></span>
					</span>says “it means a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.”<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn14" href="#ftnref14"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">14 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that “fatalities, disabling injuries, [and] permanent disability” often occur<span>
					</span>as a result of<span><span></span>
					</span>unguarded holes. (Tr. 27, 70).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn15" href="#ftnref15"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">15 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that the standard at 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(d)(15) “requires that anchorages that are used for attachment for fall arrest systems be capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds per employee attached and designed and installed with a safety factor of at least 2.” He further said that the standard “protects against falls that an employee could experience if the anchorage is not rated and approved and used in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and the application of the standard. In the event of a failed anchorage, it would not arrest the fall of the employee and could result in a death.” (Tr. 88).<span>
					</span></p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn16" href="#ftnref16"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">16 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The photographs at<span>
					</span>Exs. 25 and 26 show a nail-on type anchorage with two snap hooks and lifelines running from Messrs.<span>
					</span>Ocana<span><span></span>
					</span>and<span>
					</span>Tobia<span><span></span>
					</span>attached to one anchor point. (Tr. 75-79; Ex. 25-26). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn17" href="#ftnref17"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">17 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>The “Use Limitations” section of the manual stated:</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>1. Permanent Roof Anchors are designed for a single user (including clothing, tools, etc.) with a capacity<span>
					</span><span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span> up to 310 pounds (140 kg).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">(Tr.79-80; Ex. 36).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn18" href="#ftnref18"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">18 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that the anchorage could not maintain a safety factor of two and comply with the manual and OSHA standard if two employees were attached to the anchor point. (Tr. 89).</p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p class="style_Normal style_Normal style_FootnoteText style_FootnoteText ">
					<a name="ftn19" href="#ftnref19"><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:13pt; font-size:10pt; ">19 </span></a><span><span></span>
					</span>CO Rodgers testified that most roof anchorages are not designed to carry a capacity of two individual loads per employee. (Tr. 83-84). He testified that “in order for that anchorage to be used in compliance with the OSHA standard, it cannot have more than one user attached to it.” (Tr. 84). </p>
			</div>
			<div>
				<p>
					<a name="ftn20" href="#ftnref20"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "> On January 19, 2016,<span>
							</span></span></a><span class="style_DefaultParagraphFont style_DefaultParagraphFont style_FootnoteReference style_FootnoteReference " style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">20 </span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">less than two</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>month</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">s</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>before the inspections at issue here, OSHA inspected a different Payton Roofing</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Inc.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>worksite and issued a citation alleging a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.502(h)(1)(iii)</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "> Respondent filed a timely notice of contest, but failed to appear at<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">the</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>trial.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "> A</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">fter hearing the Secretary’s case and viewing the evidence put forth,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">the judge</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>affirmed the citation and assessed a civil penalty against Payton<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">Roofing Inc.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">in the amount of $2,800</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">. The judge’s decision became the final order of the Commission on<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">January 4, 2017</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">, well after the inspections were conducted and the citations issued in this matter.<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span>Payton Roofing, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; ">,</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; font-style:italic; "><span><span></span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">26<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">BNA<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">OSHC 1445</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">,<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">1449<span>
						</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; "><span><span></span>
						</span>(</span><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:11pt; font-size:10pt; ">No. 16-1163, 2017)(ALJ). </span></p>
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