General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp Energy March 10-11, 2008 

Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps

ANOPR Public Meeting

Closing 

Building Technologies Program

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

March 10-11, 2008

Closing 

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) directs DOE to 

consider seven factors when setting energy conservation standards 

Factor Analysis 

1. Economic impact on consumers and 

manufacturers 

Life-cycle cost analysis 

Manufacturer impacts analysis 

2. Lifetime operating cost savings Life-cycle cost analysis 

3. Total projected energy savings National impact analysis 

4. Impact on utility or performance Screening analysis 

Engineering analysis 

5. Impact of any lessening of 

competition 

Manufacturer impacts analysis 

6. Need for national energy 

conservation 

National impact analysis 

7. Other factors the Secretary 

considers relevant 

Environmental assessment 

Utility impact analysis 

Employment impact analysis 

2 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp Energy March 10-11, 2008 

Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Closing 

How to Submit Comments... 

 Public Meeting – oral comments will be captured in the transcript and become part of 

the public record. 

 Written comments – ANOPR comment period open until April 12, 2008 

Reference docket #: EE-2006-STD-0130 and/or RIN#: 1904-AA92 

Email: fluorescent_and_incandescent_lamps.rulemaking@ee.doe.gov 

Mail: Mrs. Brenda Edwards 

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program 

1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Mailstop EE-2J

Washington, DC 20585-0121 

Courier: Mrs. Brenda Edwards 

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program

950 L'Enfant Plaza, 6th Floor

Washington, DC 20024

Telephone: (202) 586-2945

3 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Building Technologies Program 

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

U.S. Department of Energy 

March 10-11, 2008 

2 

Document NOPR 

is i

l

i

is 

i

is 

i

i

le 

Peri is 

is 

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Framework ANOPR Final 

Rule 

National 

Impact 

Analys

Energy Use 

Character zation 

Market and 

Techno ogy 

Assessment 

Screen ng 

Analys

Engineer ng 

Analys

Product Pr ce 

Determ nation 

Life-Cyc

Cost and 

Payback 

od Analys

Shipments 

Analys

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

3 



• 



• ill not consider in the engineering 



• 

alternatives. 



• 

Purpose 

Market & Technology Assessment 

Characterize the fluorescent and incandescent reflector lamp market and 

industry, identify the measures to improve efficacy, and establish product 

classes. 

Screening Analysis 

Screen out technology options that DOE w

analysis for fluorescent and incandescent lamps. 

Engineering Analysis 

Identify baseline lamps or lamp-and-ballast systems and their higher-efficacy 

Product Price Determination 

Establish end-user prices for lamps and ballasts identified in the engineering 

analysis. 

Market and Technology Assessment 

General Service Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes 

 EPCA established efficacy and CRI standards for 8 separate categories 

of fluorescent lamps based on four lamp types and two wattage bins per 

lamp type. 42 U.S.C. 6295(i)(1) 

Lamp Type 

Four-Foot Medium Bipin 

Nominal 

Lamp 

Wattage 

W 

> 35 W 

Minimum 

CRI 

69 

Minimum 

Average 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

75.0 

≤ 35 W 45 75.0 

Two-Foot U-Shaped > 35 W 69 68.0 

≤ 35 W 45 64.0 

Eight-Foot Slimline > 65 W 69 80.0 

≤ 65 W 45 80.0 

Eight-Foot High Output > 100 W 69 80.0 

≤ 100 W 45 80.0 

4 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

Characteristics Used to Establish 

GSFL Product Classes 

 DOE divides covered product into classes by: 

• The type of energy used 

• Capacity of the product or other performance-related features that justify 

different standard levels, such as features affecting consumer utility (42 U.S.C. 

6295(q)) 

 DOE used the following criteria to subdivide GSFL product classes: 

• Physical constraints of the lamp 

• Lumen package 

• Correlated color temperature 

 DOE did not use the following criteria to subdivide the GSFL product classes: 

• Lamp diameter 

• Ballast interoperability 

• Lamp wattage 

5 

Market and Technology Assessment 

GSFL Product Classes: Physical Constraints of Lamps 

 Physical constraints of the lamp refer to the ability of lamp to use a 

particular fixture. 

 The ability of a lamp to use a particular fixture affect the utility of the 

lamp. 

 The efficacy of the product is also affected (e.g., 4-foot and 8-foot 

exhibit different efficacies). 

 Result: Subdivide product classes by: 

• Straight-shaped, 

• U-shaped lamps, 

• 4-foot length lamps, and 

• 8-foot length lamps. 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

GSFL Product Classes: Lumen Package of Fluorescent Lamps 

 Lumen package refers to the quantity of light a lamp-and-ballast 

system provides to the consumer. 

 Notable differences in standard lumen output lamps and high lumen 

output lamps indicate differences in utility. 

 8-foot single pin slimline vs. 8-foot recessed double contact high 

output lamps 

• High output systems have approximately 50% higher lumen output than 

slimline systems

• Efficacy differential can be as much as 10% between comparable slimline and 

high output systems 

 Result: Different product classes for 8-foot single pin slimline lamps 

and 8-foot recessed double contact high output lamps. 

7 

8 









CCT ≤

-

450 500 

) 

l i i

78 

80 

82 

84 

86 

88 

90 

92 

) 

GSFL Product Classes: Correlated Color Temperature 

Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a measure of the perceived 

color of the white light emitted from the lamp. 

CCT is a performance related feature that affects consumer utility. 

Higher CCT lamps emit less radiation in the visible part of the 

spectrum, resulting in relatively lower efficacies. 

DOE considers setting separate efficacy standards for lamps with 

4500K and lamps with CCT > 4500K. 

0.2 

0.4 

0.6 

0.8 

1.0 

1.2 

400 550 600 650 700 750 

Wavelength (nanometers

Re at ve Sensitiv ty 

6500K 4100K Lamp CCT 

Efficacy (lms/watt

Market and Technology Assessment 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

GSFL Product Classes 

 DOE does not subdivide product classes by lamp diameter (e.g., T12 

vs. T8) 

• These are not properties that affect lamp utility. 

• Manufacturer product literature and market trends show that T8 lamps are 

currently being offered as T12 product replacements 

 DOE does not subdivide product classes by ballast interoperability. 

• The economics of the ballast can be taken into account in the analyses. 

 DOE does not subdivide product classes by lamp wattage (e.g., 40W 

vs. 34W) 

• Lamp wattage is not a property that necessarily affects lamp utility (e.g., 34W 

lamps are considered as a replacement for 40W lamps) 

9 

Market and Technology Assessment 

Setting CRI standards 

 DOE is proposing to not subdivide product classes by wattage. 

 However, EPCA established minimum CRI requirements for 

fluorescent lamps based on wattage. 

• Higher wattage lamps have a minimum CRI of 69 

• Lower wattage lamps have a minimum CRI of 45 

 DOE believes that it does not have the authority to change the 

minimum CRI standard. 

 DOE can not maintain the current minimum CRI requirements within 

the new product class structure. 

DOE invites comment on the possible approaches to handling 

the issue of CRI in setting GSFL efficacy standards 

10 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

GSFL Product Classes Used in ANOPR Analyses 

Lamp Type For CCT ≤ 4,500K, 

Minimum Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

For CCT > 4,500K, 

Minimum Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

4-Foot Medium Bipin Product Class #1 Product Class #5 

2-Foot U-Shaped Product Class #2 Product Class #6 

8-Foot Single Pin 

Slimline Product Class #3 Product Class #7 

8-Foot Recessed 

Double Contact HO Product Class #4 Product Class #8 

11 

Market and Technology Assessment 

General Service Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes 

DOE invites comments on GSFL product classes. 

Specifically, DOE invites comment on whether T12 and T8 

fluorescent lamps should be in the same product class. 

DOE also invites comments on whether there should be a CCT 

divider, how many groupings of CCT are appropriate, and 

what the CCT divider or dividers should be. 

(Issue #3) 

12 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Product Classes 

 EPCA set efficacy standards for 6 different wattage bins 

 DOE believes wattage, though it affects efficacy, is not a direct 

measure of utility (e.g., a high efficacy 55W lamp can deliver the 

same amount of light as a lower efficacy 75W lamp) 

 Therefore, DOE is establishing a product class that encompasses 

the entire wattage range (40W-205W) 

 To take into account the effect of wattage on efficacy, the candidate 

standard level for incandescent reflector lamps would be an 

equation that depends on wattage. 

13 

Market and Technology Assessment 

14 

) 

i l / ) . 

β) , 

where α β

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Product Classes 

Lamp wattage (watts

Eff cacy ( umens watt

EPCA 

CSL1 

CSL2 

CSL3 

Lm / W ≥ α*( W^ 

 and are constants. 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Market and Technology Assessment 

Modified-Spectrum Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

 EISA 2007 defines a “colored incandescent lamp” such that some IRL 

(e.g., lamps containing > 5% neodymium) are no longer excluded from 

coverage 

 These lamps may fall under the definition for “modified-spectrum” IRL: 

• A lamp whose color point with (x,y) chromaticity coordinates lies below the blackbody locus and at least 4 MacAdam steps from the color point of a similar clear 

lamp. 

 Modified-spectrum IRL offer different light output (and utility) by 

absorbing a portion of the visible light emission emitted by the filament, 

thereby reducing efficacy. 

 DOE considers a separate product class for modified-spectrum lamps. 

15 

16 

IRL Product Class #9 Product Class #10

Efficacy 

lm/W 

Standard-Spectrum 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

#3) 

IRL Product Classes 

Modified-Spectrum 

Minimum Lamp Minimum Lamp 

Lamp Category 

DOE invites comment on the creation of product classes that 

encompass the full range of IRL wattages and the creation of a 

separated product class for modified spectrum lamps. (Issue 

Market and Technology Assessment 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Screening Analysis 

Screening Analysis Method 

 Design options were screened using the following criteria: 

• Technological feasibility 

• Practicability to manufacture, install and service 

• Adverse impacts on product utility or product availability 

• Adverse impacts on health or safety 

17 

Screening Analysis 

Design Options Selected for Further Consideration 

 General Service Fluorescent Lamp Design Options 

• Highly emissive electrode coatings 

• Higher-efficiency lamp fill gas composition 

• Higher-efficiency phosphors 

• Glass coatings 

• Higher-efficiency lamp diameter 

 Incandescent Reflector Lamp Design Options 

• Higher-temperature operation 

• Thinner filaments 

• Efficient filament coiling 

• Efficient filament orientation 

• Higher-efficiency inert fill gas 

• Tungsten-halogen lamps 

• Higher-pressure tungsten halogen lamps 

• Infrared glass coatings (thin-film) 

• Higher-efficiency reflector coatings 

• Efficient filament placement 

18 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

19 





• 

• 

Engineering 

Determination 

The purpose of the engineering analysis and the product price 

determination is to determine the relationship between fluorescent 

an incandescent lamps and end-user price. 

The engineering analysis identifies baseline lamps or lamp-andballast systems and their higher-efficacy alternatives. 

Engineering Analysis: Purpose 

Downstream Rulemaking 

Analyses 

Life-Cycle Cost and 

Payback Period Analysis 

National Impact Analysis 

Engineering Analysis 

Analysis 

Product Price 

Engineering Analysis 

Standard 

Scale to 

Product 

Classes Not 

l

Select 

Choose 

Product 

Classes 

Define 

Baseline 

Models 

Develop

Candidate 

Levels 

Ana yzed 

Efficient 

Substitutes 

Representative 

Engineering Analysis Methodology 

Õ Choose product classes to be analyzed in the engineering and 

life-cycle cost analysis. 

Õ Define characteristics of models in each representative product 

class which will serve as reference points to assess changes due 

to energy conservation standards. 

Õ Identify more-efficient substitutes from a database of 

commercially-available lamps. Substitutes will maintain similar 

light output and save energy. 

Õ Develop candidate standard levels that span the range of efficacy 

from the baseline to the maximum technologically feasible. 

Õ Scale results to other product classes not analyzed. 

20 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Representative Product Classes 

 DOE chose a subset of product classes to analyze in the 

engineering analysis and life-cycle cost analysis to concentrate its 

analytical effort. These are called “representative product classes.” 

 DOE based its selection on those product classes with the highest 

volume of shipments. 

 General Service Fluorescent Lamps 

• Of the 8 product classes, DOE analyzed three: 

– 4-foot medium bipin; CCT ≤ 4500K 

– 8-foot single pin slimline; CCT ≤ 4500K 

– 8-foot recessed double contact HO; CCT ≤ 4500K 

 Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

• DOE analyzed the standard-spectrum product class and is scaling its findings 

to the modified-spectrum product class. 

21 

Engineering Analysis 

Baseline Models 

 DOE selected baseline lamps from each representative product 

class. 

 Typically a baseline lamp just meets the existing energy 

conservation standard. 

 DOE selected specific attributes like light output, wattage, and 

operating lifetimes that are typical of the most common lamp on the 

market for that product class. 

 DOE selected multiple baseline lamps in each product class to 

ensure consideration of different high-volume lamps and their 

associated consumer economics. 

22 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

23 

 ≤ 4500K Product Class: 

• 

• 

• CCT: 4100K 

• 

 ≤ 4500K Product Class: 

• 

• 

• CCT: 4100K 

• 

 ≤ 4500K Product 

Class: 

• 

• 

• CCT: 4100K 

• 

24 





T8 25 85

T8 28 82

T8 30 82

T8 32 82

T8 32 85

T8 32 82

T8 32 75

T12 34 85

T12 34 80

T12 34 70

T12 34 62

T12 40 85

T12 40 80

T12 40 80

T12 40 70

W lm/W

CRI Rated Lamp 

Baseline Models: General Service Fluorescent Lamps 

4-Foot Medium Bipin, 

Wattage: 40W T12, 34W T12, 32W T8 

Operating lifetime: 20,000 hrs 

Phosphor: 40W T12 and 32W T8: 700 series, 34W T12: 600 series 

8-Foot Single Pin Slimline, 

Wattage: 75W T12, 60W T12, 59W T8 

Operating lifetime: 12,000 and 15,000 hrs 

Phosphor: 75W T12 and 59W T8: 700 series, 60W T12: 600 series 

8-Foot Recessed Double Contact High Output, 

Wattage: 110W T12, 95W T12 

Operating lifetime: 12,000 hrs 

Phosphor: 110W T12: 700 series, 95W T12: 600 series 

Engineering Analysis 

Based on commercially-available lamps 

Example of 4-Foot Medium Bipin higher efficacy lamps 

Select Efficacious Fluorescent Lamp Substitutes 

96.0 

97.3 

95.0 

95.4 

92.3 

90.8 

Baseline 86.2 

91.2 

85.3 

82.4 

Baseline 77.9 

90.0 

85.0 

82.5 

Baseline 80.0 

Efficacy 

Nominal 

Wattage Diameter 

Engineering Analysis 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Fluorescent Lamp Systems Approach 

 For GSFL, lamps must be operated on ballasts. DOE takes a 

“systems approach” that considers both reduced-wattage and 

equal-wattage lamps operated by different ballasts 

 The ballast influences the light output and energy consumption of 

the lamp 

 Each lamp is paired with one or more ballasts Æ “system” 

 Systems are chosen to have similar mean lumen output as the 

baseline system 

 Energy savings from the baseline system can be obtained by using 

either: 

1. A more efficacious reduced-wattage lamp on the same ballast; or 

2. A more efficacious same or reduced wattage lamp on a different ballast so it 

operates the lamp at a lower power level. 

25 

Engineering Analysis 

Fluorescent Lamp Systems Introduction 

 System mean lumen output = number of lamps per ballast x ballast 

factor x mean lumen output of lamp 

• For example, given a 3-lamp ballast with a 0.9 BF and lamps that emit 2,000 

mean lumens each the system mean lumen output is equal to 3 x 0.9 x 2,000 

or 5,400 lumens. 

 System power is dependent on lamp wattage and the ballast factor 

of the ballast. 

• As ballast factor decreases, system power decreases. 

• As lamp wattage decreases, system power decreases. 

26 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Ballast 

Lamp Substitutes for 4-foot Medium Bipin Product Class 

Change Lamp Only Change Lamp and 

or Lamp and Ballast 

27 

72 

74 

76 

78 

80 

82 

84 

86 

88 

90 

92 

94 

96 

98 

100 

26 28 32 34 36 38 42 

) 

) 

28 



• Baseli

– i ll ll ( ) i l

– 

• Additi

– 



• Baseli

– 

– 

• Additi

– 



• Baseli

– 

• Additi

– : 0.81 BF 

24 30 40 

Rated Wattage (W

Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W

Fluorescent Lamp-and-Ballast Systems: Baselines and Substitutes 

4-Foot Medium Bipin: 3-Lamp System 

ne systems 

T12 system: magnet c ba ast or a 0.88 ba ast factor BF electron c ba last 

T8 system : 0.88 BF electronic ballast 

onal electronic ballasts used for higher efficacy systems 

T12 system : 0.87 and 0.86 BF; T8 system: 1.18, 1.00, 0.78, and 0.75 BF 

8-Foot Single Pin Slimline: 2-Lamp System 

ne systems 

T12 system: magnetic ballast or a 0.88 BF electronic ballast 

T8 system: 0.88 BF electronic ballast 

onal electronic ballasts used for higher efficacy systems 

T12 system: 0.85 BF; T8 system: 0.78, 0.85, and 1.18 BF 

8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO: 2-Lamp System 

ne systems 

T12 system: 0.88 BF electronic ballast 

onal electronic ballasts 

T12 system: 0.90 and 0.89 BF; T8 system

Engineering Analysis 

T8 

32W T8 Baseline 

T12 

34W T12 Baseline 

40W T12 Baseline 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Fluorescent Lamp CSL Summary 

 Candidate standard levels based on several design options (primarily 

phosphor series) and commercially available lamps. 

 Phosphor Series 

• 600 series cool white halophosphor 

– Lower efficacy, reduced-wattage baselines; CRI between 60 and 69 

• 700 series rare earth phosphor 

– Higher-wattage baselines and higher-efficacy lamps; CRI between 70 and 79 

• 800 series rare earth phosphor 

– Higher efficacy lamps; CRI between 80 and 89 

 Other Possible Design Options Incorporated to meet CSLs 

• Highly emissive electrode coatings, higher efficiency lamp fill gas composition, 

thicker phosphor coating, glass coatings, or higher efficiency lamp diameter 

 Some CSLs in each product class eliminate all T12 lamps 

29 

Engineering Analysis 

4-Foot Medium Bipin CSLs 

CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 

40W T12 34W T12 32W T8 

CSL0 < 82.4 lm/W 700 series 600 series -

CSL1 82.4 lm/W Improved 700 700 series -

series or 800 

series 

CSL2 85.0 lm/W 800 series 800 series 700 series 

CSL3 90.0 lm/W Improved 800 

series 

Improved 800 

series 

800 series 

CSL4 92.3 lm/W Improved 800 

series – 30W lamp 

available 

CSL5 95.4 lm/W Improved 800 

series – 28W and 

25W available 

30 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

4-Foot Medium Bipin CSLs (continued)

Engineering Analysis 

31 

72 

74 

76 

78 

80 

82 

84 

86 

88 

90 

92 

94 

96 

98 

24 26 28 32 34 36 38 40 42 

32 

100 

30 

Rated Wattage (W) 

Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W) 

8-Foot Single Pin Slimline CSLs 

Engineering Analysis 

4-foot T8 medium bipin 

32W T8 Baseline 

CSL1 

CSL2 

CSL3 

CSL4 

CSL5 

EPACT 1992 

4-foot T12 medium bipin 

40W T12 Baseline 

34W T12 Baseline 

CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 

75W T12 60W T12 59W T8 

CSL0 < 87.3 lm/W 700 series - -

CSL1 87.3 lm/W 800 series 600 series -

CSL2 92.0 lm/W Improved 800 

series 

700 series -

CSL3 94.8 lm/W Improved 800 

series 

Improved 700 

series 

700 series 

CSL4 98.2 lm/W 800 series 

CSL5 101.5 lm/W Improved 800 

series – 57W and 

55W available 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

8-Foot Single Pin Slimline CSLs (continued)

Engineering Analysis 

33 

54 58 60 62 70 74 76 78 

34 

75.0 

77.0 

79.0 

81.0 

83.0 

85.0 

87.0 

89.0 

91.0 

93.0 

95.0 

97.0 

99.0 

101.0 

103.0 

105.0 

52 56 64 66 68 72 

Rated Wattage (W) 

Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W) 

8-foot T8 single pin 8-foot T12 single pin slimline 

8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO CSLs 

*Note: 86W T8 is not a baseline lamp 

Engineering Analysis 

60W T12 Baseline 

59W T8 Baseline 

CSL1 

CSL2 

CSL3 

CSL4 

CSL5 

EPACT 1992 

75W T12 Baseline 

CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 

110W T12 95W T12 86W T8* 

CSL0 < 83.2 lm/W 700 series 600 series -

CSL1 83.2 lm/W 800 series - -

CSL2 86.1 lm/W 700 series -

CSL3 87.6 lm/W 800 series -

CSL4 91.9 lm/W 700 series 

CSL5 95.3 lm/W 800 series 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

35 

) 

80 82 86 88 90 92 96 

/W) 

B 

8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO CSLs (continued

CSL2 

CSL3 

CSL4 

CSL5 

EPACT 1992 

75.0 

77.0 

79.0 

81.0 

83.0 

85.0 

87.0 

89.0 

91.0 

93.0 

95.0 

97.0 

99.0 

101.0 

103.0 

105.0 

84 94 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 

Rated Wattage (W) 

Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm

8-foot T8 

recessed double 

contact HO 

110W T12 

li 

95W T12 Baseline 

8-foot T12 recessed 

double contact HO 

CSL1 

36 

CSL3 T12 34 ic 0.88 7,366

CSL0 T12 40 0.95 8,208

W lm/W W lm

Rated Lamp 

CSL 

CSL5 T8 25 1.18 8,071

CSL5 T8 28 1.00 7,680

CSL5 T8 32 0.88 7,696

CSL4 T8 30 1.00 8,040

CSL4 T8 32 0.88 7,524

CSL3 T8 32 1.00 8,130

CSL3 T12 34 0.88 7,366

CSL3 T12 40 0.87 8,483

CSL2 T8 32 1.18 8,921

CSL2 T12 40 0.87 7,987

CSL1 T12 40 0.87 7,830

CSL1 T12 40 0.88 7,920

CSL0 T12 40 0.88 7,603

CSL0 T12 40 0.95 8,208

Lamp and 

40W T12 Example Engineering Analysis System Results 

91.2 Magnet 108.0 

80.0 Magnetic 129.0 

System 

Mean Light 

Output 

System 

Power Ballast 

Factor 

Ballast 

Type Efficacy 

Nominal 

Diameter Wattage 

96.0 Electronic 93.0 

97.3 Electronic 80.5 

95.4 Electronic 87.5 

95.0 Electronic 90.2 

92.3 Electronic 87.5 

90.8 Electronic 98.3 

91.2 Electronic 91.7 

90.0 Electronic 107.0 

86.2 Electronic 114.5 

85.0 Electronic 107.0 

82.5 Electronic 107.0 

82.5 Electronic 107.7 

80.0 Electronic 107.7 

80.0 Magnetic 129.0 

Lamp Only 

Replacement 

Ballast 

Replacement 

Engineering Analysis 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Selection of Fluorescent Lamp-and-Ballast Designs 

and Candidate Standard Levels 

DOE invites comments on the selection of GSFL lamp-andballast designs from baseline to max-tech as well as the 

selection of GSFL candidate standard levels. 

Additional results can be found in Chapter 5 of the TSD. 

37 

Engineering Analysis 

Scaling to Other Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes: 

Product Classes with CCT > 4500K 

 Scale from corresponding fluorescent product class with CCT ≤

4500K 

 Efficacies of commercially available T8 lamps at 6500K are 

approximately 4% to 7% lower than that of the 4,100K lamps 

 To avoid overly penalizing current product offered in the market, DOE 

considers adopting the larger of the two scaling factors (7%) 

 Example: If 82.4 lm/W (i.e., CSL1) were selected for the 4-foot medium 

bipin product class of 4,500K CCT and below, the scaled efficacy 

requirement for the product class greater than 4,500K CCT would be 

76.6 lm/W. 

38 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Scaling to Other Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes: 

2-Foot U-shaped with CCT ≤ 4500K 

 Scale from 4-foot medium bipin product class with CCT ≤ 4500K 

 Efficacy differentials in commercially available products depend on 

lamp diameter and wattage – U-shaped are approximately 3-6% lower 

efficacy 

 To avoid overly penalizing current product offered in the market, DOE 

considers adopting the larger of the two scaling factors (6%) 

DOE invites comments on the method used to scale to product 

classes with CCT > 4100K and the 2-foot U-shaped product 

class. (Issue #4) 

39 

Engineering Analysis 

Baseline Models: Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

 DOE has identified three common lumen packages that represent 

the most typical standard-spectrum IRL in the market 

 These three lamps are currently regulated by EPCA and meet the 

EPCA standard. 

Descriptor Design 

Option 

Wattage 

W 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

Initial Light Output 

lm 

Lifetime 

hr 

PAR30 50 11.6 580 3,000 

PAR38 Halogen 75 14.0 1,050 2,500 

PAR38 90 14.6 1,310 2,500 

40 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Select Efficacious IRL Substitutes 

 DOE chose IRL substitutes that save energy and achieve similar 

lumen output by increasing efficacy and using reduced-wattage 

lamps. e.g., 50W @ 12 lumens/watt ≈ 44W @ 14 lumens/watt 

 Used commercially available lamps when possible. 

 Three basic design options available commercially: 

• Improved Halogen (3,000 hr life) 

• Halogen Infrared (HIR) (3,000 hr life) 

• Improved HIR (4,000 hr life) 

 Improved Halogen and Improved HIR could be achieved using the 

following design options: 

• Higher efficiency filaments, efficient filament coiling, filament configuration, 

capsule design, high pressure capsules, or higher efficiency reflector coating. 

41 

Engineering Analysis 

“Model” Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

 When commercially available lamps were not available, DOE 

developed model lamps to have a continuous range of lamp 

efficacies across the three lumen packages 

 Model lamps were developed from technical literature and 

confidential information from manufacturers 

 Model Lamps: 

• 44.3W, 14.0 lm/W PAR30 lamp reduced-wattages of the 50W, 

• 41.3W, 15.0 lm/W PAR30 lamp 11.6 lm/W PAR 30 baseline 

reduced-wattage of 90W, • 66.0W, 19.8 lm/W PAR38 lamp 14.6 lm/W PAR38 baseline 

42 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

43 

11.0 

13.0 

15.0 

17.0 

19.0 

21.0 

35 65 85 95 

Lamp Power (W) 

) 

PAR38 90W 

Baseline 

Incandescent Reflector Reduced Wattage Options 

Engineering Analysis 

DOE invites comment on the selection of IRL lamp designs 

from baseline to max-tech. 

45 55 75 

Lamp Efficacy (lm/W

PAR38 75W 

Baseline 

PAR30 50W 

Baseline 

Engineering Analysis 

Incandescent Reflector CSLs 

 DOE developed continuous equations that set a minimum efficacy 

requirement across all wattages. 

 Each equation represents the same IRL design option across the 

wattage range of a product class. 

Candidate Standard 

Level 

Minimum Efficacy 

Requirement 

Design Option 

lm/W 

CSL1 5.0*P0.27 Improved Halogen 

CSL2 5.5*P0.27 HIR 

CSL3 6.2*P0.27 Improved HIR 

P = rated wattage 

44 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

45 

30 40 50 70 80 90 100 130 

(W) 

/W) 

: Halogen (

:

:

:

Incandescent Reflector CSLs 

DOE invites comment on whether the IRL candidate standard 

level represents the appropriate technology across all wattages. 

Engineering Analysis 

10.0 

12.0 

14.0 

16.0 

18.0 

20.0 

22.0 

60 110 120 

Lamp Power 

Lamp Efficacy (lm

Baseline 

EPCA 

CSL1 

CSL2 

CSL3 

PAR30, 50W 

PAR38, 75W 

PAR38, 90W 

Baseline/EPCA 2,500-3,000 hr) 

CSL1 Improved Halogen (3,000 hr) 

CSL2 HIR (3,000 hr) 

CSL3 Improved HIR (4,000 hr) 

Engineering Analysis 

Scaling to Modified Spectrum 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

 DOE identified several IRL lamps with modified-spectrums and 

compared their performance with standard (i.e., non modifiedspectrum) lamps. 

 The reduction in efficacy caused by the modified-spectrum ranged 

from 2% to 29% with an average reduction in efficacy of 15%. 

 DOE recognizes that those modified-spectrum lamps may have a 

distinct utility. 

 DOE wishes to establish a standard for modified-spectrum lamps 

that: 

• Does not eliminate modified-spectrum lamps which require a lower efficacy 

standard because of their distinct utility; and 

• Acknowledges the ranges of spectrum modification possible for IRL and their 

corresponding effects on efficacy 

46 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Engineering Analysis 

Possible Scaling Method for Modified-Spectrum IRL 

 Modified spectrum scaling could be based on the light output of the 

modified spectrum lamp and an equivalent reference standardspectrum lamp 

 Reference standard-spectrum lamp would be equivalent to the 

modified spectrum lamp except for the coating of neodymium (or 

other additive) that causes the lamp to emit a modified-spectrum. 

 Equation: 

lmModified −Spectrum CSLModified −Spectrum = lmS tan dard −Spectrum 

*CSLS tan dard −Spectrum 

DOE invites comments on the method used to scale from a 

standard-spectrum lamp to a modified-spectrum lamp. 

(Issue #4)

47 

Product Price Determination 

Product Price Determination 

Purpose 

 Establish end-user prices for those lamps or lamp-and-ballast systems 

identified in the engineering analysis. 

Method 

 Product price determination is based on available pricing lists (e.g., 

manufacturer price lists, state procurement price lists). 

 DOE discounted blue-book prices to develop high-range, mediumrange, and low-range end-user retail prices to reflect variability in the 

market. 

• Medium-range prices are used as reference prices in life-cycle cost and national 

impact analysis 

• High and low-range prices are used as sensitivities in the life-cycle cost analysis. 

 DOE developed a weighted-average sales tax data by region based on 

local data from Sales Tax Clearinghouse. 

• National average: 6.9%. 

48 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 



• (i.e.





• Consistent wi

 ( ) 



• Consistent wi

and institutional 



• Consistent wi

General Service Fluorescent Lamp Methodology 

Market Today 

Higher efficacy lamps received higher markups , lower discounts off the 

blue book price schedule) than lower efficacy lamps in the market. 

DOE mirrored State procurement contracts by applying a constant 

discount across all lamps to reflect the commoditization of the 

product in marketplace after a standard. 

Low-Range Prices (high discount off “blue book”) 

th prices found in State procurement contracts and other 

sources which have a single high-volume discount typically between 70-90%

for all products. 

Medium-Range Prices (medium discount off “blue book”) 

th the typical discount provided by distributors for commercial 

consumers on high-volume lamps, incorporating a 13% 

contractor mark-up (2000 Ballast Rule). 

High-Range Prices (low discount off “blue book”) 

th prices encountered by small quantity purchasers (e.g., 

internet prices, distributor quotes). These prices also incorporate a 13% 

Product Price Determination 

49 

50 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

) contractor mark-up. 

Product Price Determination 

32W T8 4-foot Medium Bipin Results 

DOE requests feedback on the approach for developing enduser GSFL prices. 

84.0 86.0 88.0 90.0 92.0 94.0 96.0 

Lamp Efficacy (lm/W) 

End-User Prices ($

General Service Fluorescent Lamp End-User Price Results 

High-Range 

Medium-Range 

Low-Range 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Product Price Determination 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices 

 DOE did not observe significant variation in prices by lamp wattage. 

 DOE did develop separate prices for PAR 38 and PAR 30 IRL. 

 Research indicated that the PAR 38 IRL market was a more 

developed market than the PAR 30 IRL market. 

 DOE developed discounts off of the blue-book prices for PAR 38 

lamps. DOE then based the PAR 30 lamp prices off the PAR 38 

analysis. 

51 

Product Price Determination 

PAR 38 Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices 

 DOE mirrored state procurement contracts by applying a constant 

discount off the “blue-book” over all halogen and HIR technology 

IRL to reflect commoditization of the product in the marketplace 

after the standard. 

 Low-Range Prices (high discount off “blue book”) 

• Consistent with prices found in State procurement 

 Medium-Range Prices (medium discount off “blue book”) 

• Consistent with shipment-weighted average prices paid by consumers for 

commonly available IRL. 

 High-Range Prices (low discount off “blue book”) 

• Consistent with prices encountered by small quantity purchasers (e.g., 

internet prices). 

52 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Product Price Determination 

PAR30 Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices 

 Research indicates that the PAR 30 market is less developed 

 Therefore, DOE developed modified list (“blue-book”) prices for 

PAR 30 lamps by applying the same incremental differences 

between incandescent (non-halogen) lamps and higher efficacy 

lamps from the PAR 38 lamps. 

Developing PAR 30 “Blue Book” Prices 

BR 40 Incandescent BR 30 

PAR 38 Halogen PAR 30 

PAR 38 Improved Halogen PAR 30 

PAR 38 HIR PAR 30 

PAR 38 Improved HIR PAR 30 

 DOE then applied the same discounts off of the modified “blue 

book” prices to develop low, medium and high-range prices. 

53 

54 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

13.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 

(l

) 

Hi

Product Price Determination 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp End-User Prices 

DOE requests feedback on the approach for developing enduser IRL prices. 

75W PAR38 Baseline Results 

14.0 19.0 

Lamp Efficacy m/W) 

End-user Prices ($

gh-Range 

Medium-Range 

Low-Range 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

55 

 Product Classes (Issue #3) 









ANOPR Issues for Public Comment 

Standards for Color Rendering Index 

Selection of Efficacious Lamp Substitutes and Candidate Standard 

Levels 

Scaling to Product Classes Not Analyzed (Issue #4) 

Approaches for Establishing End-user Prices 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
2

General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps

ANOPR Public Meeting

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Building Technologies Program

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

March 10-11, 2008

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Framework 

Document ANOPR NOPR Final 

Rule 

National 

Impact 

Analysis 

Energy Use 

Characterization 

Market and 

Technology 

Assessment 

Screening 

Analysis 

Engineering 

Analysis 

Product Price 

Determination 

Life-Cycle 

Cost and 

Payback 

Period Analysis 

Shipments 

Analysis 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Purpose 

 Energy Use Characterization 

• To develop energy consumption estimates for the lamp or lamp-and-ballast 

systems selected in the engineering analysis. 

 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

• To develop the customer life-cycle cost savings and payback period for higher 

efficiency lamps. 

3 

Energy Use Characterization 

Energy Use Characterization 

Energy Use = Operating Hours x Power 

Distribution of Operating Hours developed by 

• Lamp type (i.e., GSFL, IRL) 

• Sector (i.e., Residential, Commercial, Industrial) 

• Building type 

• Region (9 census divisions, 4 large states) 

Power Developed in Engineering Analysis 

• For IRL: lamp wattage 

• For GSFL: system power: depends on ballast factor and lamp wattage 

4 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Use Characterization 

Residential Sector Operating Hours 

 2002 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization Vol I.: 

• Average operating hours by building type (e.g., mobile home, single family 

detached, single family attached) and lamp type (i.e., IRL). 

 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey 

• Probability a certain building type resides in one of nine census divisions and 

four large states. 

 Operating Hours of Average IRL: 884 hrs/year

 Sensitivity using high and low operating hours by room type: 

• 1,210 hrs/ year (i.e., lamp placed in kitchen of a single-family detached) 

• 183 hrs/ year (i.e., lamp placed in the closet of a multi-family 2-4 unit) 

5 

Energy Use Characterization 

Commercial Sector Operating Hours 

2002 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization Vol I.: 

• Average operating hours by building type (e.g., office, refrigerated warehouse, 

lodging, food sales) and lamp type (e.g., IRL, GSFL) 

2003 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey 

• Probability a certain building type resides in one of nine census divisions and 

four large states. 

Operating Hours of Average IRL: 3,450 hrs/year 

Operating Hours of Average GSFL: 3,435 hrs/year 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Use Characterization 

Sample Commercial Sector Operating Hours Distribution 

20% 

Commercial Sector GSFL Probability 

18% 

16% 

14% 

12% 

10% 

8% 

6% 

4% 

2% 

0% 

1 

2 

16 

15 

14 

13 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

11 

12 

17 

18 

25 

26 

1: Vacant 

2: Office 

4: Laboratory 

5: Nonrefrigerated warehouse 

6: Food sales 

7: Public order and safety 

8: Outpatient health care 

11: Refrigerated warehouse 

12: Religious worship 

13: Public assembly 

14: Education 

15: Food service 

16: Inpatient health care 

17: Nursing 

18: Lodging 

25: Retail other than 

mall 

26: Service 

91: Other 

91 

3,5453,6864,9733,4605,2243,5703,3313,8191,7052,5702,6434,5985,7514,3853,7803,6813,3943,638 

Annual Operating Hours by Building Type (hrs/year) 7 

Energy Use Characterization 

Industrial Sector Operating Hours

 2002 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization Vol I.:

• Average operating hours by building type (e.g., printing and publishing, textile 

mill, fabricated metal products) and lamp type (e.g., IRL, GSFL) 

 2002 Manufacturer Energy Consumption Survey 

• Probability a certain building type resides in the country 

 2007 Census 

• Probability a certain building type resides in census division or large state 

Operating Hours of Average IRL: 4,664 hrs/year

Operating Hours of Average GSFL: 4,795 hrs/year

DOE requests feedback on whether the average operating 

hours derived are a reasonable estimation of their end-uses. 

(Issue #6) 

8 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

9 

Fluorescent System Power Rating 

 DOE calculated system power rating using published catalog data. 

 To estimate system power for a range of ballast factors with similar 

attributes (BEF, THD, etc.), DOE developed a linear fit. 

 Example: 3-lamp 32W 4-foot T8 120V Ballasts with THD <20%, 

PF>0.95, and BEF 0.98 - 1.02 

Linear Fit: m=89.8, b=8.5 

DOE invites comments on the system power rating of the 

lamp-and-ballast systems analyzed. (Issue #7) 

60.0 

70.0 

80.0 

90.0 

100.0 

110.0 

0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 

Ballast Factor 

System Power Rating (W) 

Energy Use Characterization 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

 Purpose: To develop the customer life-cycle cost (LCC) 

savings and payback period (PBP) for higher efficiency product 

compared to the baseline product. 

10 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

11 

 LCC equals consumer price plus the sum of operating costs 

discounted to a particular base year. 

 Economic evaluation from the consumer perspective. 

 Analysis implemented in an Excel® spreadsheet. 

 Results are expressed as LCC savings (baseline minus candidate 

efficiency level). 

 Simple Payback Period (PBP, years) is also calculated and reported 

in this analysis. 

First Cost 

(Consumer Price + 

Installation Cost) 

Operating 

Expenses 

Combine Changes 

in Costs 

LCC Results 

Convert to Present Value 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Method 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Approach 

 The analysis only considers consumer choices that save energy: 

• Reduced-wattage lamps 

• Lamp and ballast combinations that have reduced system power 

 Various events that trigger the purchasing of a lamp are considered. 

 Varying lifetimes among lamp designs requires the use of a residual 

value. 

 Distributions are correlated in analysis (e.g., operating hours, sales 

tax, and electricity prices are correlated by region). 

12 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Events Triggering the Purchase of Lamp 

 Various events that trigger the purchasing of a lamp involve different 

consumer economics. DOE analyzes five such events: 

IRL 



; Lamp Failure - a lamp fails and must be replaced. 

Standards-Induced Retrofit - an increase in the efficacy standard 

prompts end-users to retrofit lamps and ballasts where, in the base case, 

they would otherwise only replace the lamp. 

GSFL 

;

;

 ; Ballast Failure - an existing ballast fails and the consumer purchases a 

new lamp and ballast. 

 ; Ballast Retrofit – consumers who were going to voluntarily retrofit their 

existing lamp and ballasts do so, and at certain CSLs are impacted by 

being forced to a higher standard. 

; ; New Construction and Renovation - all the new fixture installations where 

the lighting design will be new or can be completely reconfigured. 

13 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Detailed Summary of Triggering Events for T12 Baseline Lamps 

Event Base Case Action Standards Case Action 

Lamp Failure (a) Installs a T12 lamp. Installs a lower-wattage, higher efficacy 

lamp, where the system light output never 

drops below 10 percent of the baseline 

system. 

(b) Installs a T12 lamp. 

Installs a T12 or T8 electronic ballast and 

lamp, where the system light output never 

drops below 10 percent of the baseline 

system. 

Standards-Induced 

Retrofit 

Replace T12 lamp halfway 

through analysis period. 

Ballast Failure Installs a T12 electronic 

ballast and lamps in the 

existing fixture. 

Ballast Retrofit Installs a T8 electronic ballast 

and lamps in the existing 

fixture. 

New Construction 

and Renovation 

Installs a new T12 system 

(only applies to T12 HO 

systems) 

Installs a new T12 or T8 system that is 

where the system light output never 

drops below 10 percent of the baseline 

system. Light output can be maintained 

through spacing. 

14 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Detailed Summary of Triggering Events for T8 Baseline Lamps 

Event Base Case Action Standards Case Action 

Lamp Failure Installs a T8 lamp. Installs a lower-wattage, higher 

efficacy lamp, where the system light 

output never drops below 10 percent 

of the baseline system. 

Ballast Failure Installs a T8 

electronic ballast and 

lamps in the existing 

fixture. 

Installs new T8 ballast and lamps, 

where the system light output never 

drops below 10 percent of the baseline 

system. 

New Construction and 

Renovation 

Installs a new T8 

system. 

Installs a new T8 system, where the 

system light output never drops below 

10 percent of the baseline system. 

Light output can be maintained 

through spacing. 

15 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Residual Value 

To compare the life-cycle cost of two products, one must evaluate 

them over the same period of time (i.e., analysis period). 

The analysis period must be based on the lifetime of the product 

being regulated. 

To account for varying lifetimes among lamp designs, DOE uses a 

residual value (prorating the value of the remaining life of the lamp or 

ballast). 

The residual value is an estimate of the product’s value to the 

consumer at the end of the life-cycle cost analysis period. 

LCC = Installed Cost + Operating Cost – Residual Value 

DOE seeks comment on the use of residual value and on other 

possible approaches to calculating life-cycle costs for products 

with varying lifetimes. (Issue #8) 16 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

T12 Lamp Failure (a) Cash Flows 

Lamp Purchase:

Operating Expense:

Lamp Residual Value:

Baseline T12 Lamp on 

Magnetic Ballast: 

5 year Service-Life 

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 

17 

Standards-Compliant 

Reduced Wattage T12 

Lamp on Magnetic 

Ballast: 

6 year Service-Life 

18 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

LCC Calculation Flowchart 

End-User 

Product Price 

Sales Tax 

Final 

Product 

Price 

Installation 

Cost 

Total 

Installed 

Cost 

Electricity 

Prices Annual 

Electricity 

Usage 

Cost 

PBP 

Electricity 

Price Trend 

Discount Rate 

Analysis 

Period 

Operating 

Cost Over 

Analysis 

Period 

Replacement 

Cost 

Residual 

Value 

LCC 

Power Rating 

Operating 

Hours 

Product 

Lifetime 

Service 

Life 

Energy 

Consumption 

Total 

Replacement 

Cost 

Calculated 

Value LCC Input LCC Output 

Legend 

From 

Product Price 

Determination 

From Energy Use 

Characterization 

From 

Engineering 

Analysis 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Total Installed Costs 

 Total Installed Costs = Retail Price + Installation Cost 

 Equipment Retail Price = End-User Product Price + Sales Tax 

• End-User Product Price and Sales Tax developed in the Product Price 

Determination.

 Installation costs represent the labor necessary to install the lamp or 

ballast. 

• Labor Times (minutes): 

– GSFL: 2000 Ballast Rule (depends on lamp type, weighted average group 

and spot) 

– IRL: 2007 RS Means Electrical Cost Data. (DOE assumes no installation 

costs for IRL in the residential sector.) 

• Labor Rate ($/hr): 

– Lamp Replacement: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics- General Maintenance 

Worker ($15.49/hr) 

– Lamp and Ballast Replacement: 2007 RS Means-Electrician and Electrician’s 

Helper ($53.88/hr) 19 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Installation Costs and the 2005 National Electric Code 

 The 2005 National Electric Code requires a means for disconnecting 

luminaires installed indoors. 

 This new requirement may affect the labor time to install a fluorescent 

lamp ballast. 

DOE seeks comment on average labor times and labor rates. 

Specifically, DOE requests comment on how labor times will be 

affected by the 2005 National Electric Code. (Issue #9) 

20 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Electricity Prices 

 Electricity Prices 

• Based on EIA Form 861 Data 

• Developed for 13 regions: 9 census divisions and 4 large states. 

Geographic Area Res. Elec 

(2006$ / kWh) 

Comm. Elec 

(2006$ / kWh) 

Ind. Elec 

(2006$ / kWh) 

New England $0.129 $0.105 $0.094 

Middle Atlantic (excludes NY) $0.110 $0.088 $0.059 

East North Central $0.087 $0.075 $0.054 

West North Central $0.082 $0.070 $0.075 

South Atlantic (excludes FL) $0.086 $0.074 $0.054 

East South Central $0.078 $0.078 $0.065 

West South Central (excludes TX) $0.086 $0.079 $0.065 

Mountain $0.089 $0.080 $0.058 

Pacific (excludes CA) $0.086 $0.084 $0.050 

New York State $0.160 $0.097 $0.056 

California $0.099 $0.087 $0.078 

Texas $0.113 $0.106 $0.095 

Florida $0.129 $0.121 $0.090 

Weighted Average Prices $0.100 $0.086 $0.070 21 

22 

Electricity Price Trends 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

 Electricity Price Trend 

• Energy price projections to 2030 based on EIA/AEO Reference Case 

• AEO High Growth and Low Growth cases can be run as a sensitivity 

0.85 

0.87 

0.89 

0.91 

0.93 

0.95 

0.97 

0.99 

1.01 

1.03 

1.05 

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 

Year 

Price Trend (2006=1) 

High Growth-Res Reference-Res Low Growth-Res 

High Growth-Comm Reference-Comm Low Growth-Comm 

High Growth-Ind Reference-Ind Low Growth-Ind 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Discount Rates 

 Based on the finance cost of raising funds to purchase products 

• Financial cost of any debt incurred to purchase product 

• Opportunity cost of any equity used to purchase product 

 Residential Rates 

• Weighted-average real rate associated with various household equity (e.g., 

savings bonds, stocks, CDs) and debt (e.g., credit card, home equity loans) 

• Primary data source: Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances 

for the years 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, and 2004 

• Average Residential Discount Rate: 5.6% 

 Commercial and Industrial Rates 

• Calculated from the weighted-average cost of capital to the firm (WACC) to 

obtain equity and debt financing. 

• Cost of Equity calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. 

• Cost of Debt calculated by adding a risk adjustment factor to the current yield on 

long-term corporate bonds. 

• Average Commercial Discount Rate: 6.2% 

• Average Industrial Discount Rate: 7.5% 23 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Other Inputs 

 Lamp Lifetime: 

• GSFL: 

– Manufacturing Literature: rated life for a 3-hr start 

– 2000 Ballast Rule: group and spot re-lamping rates (group replacements 

are made at 75% of rated life) 

• IRL: Manufacturing literature 

 Ballast Lifetime 

• 2000 Ballast Rule: 49,054 hrs 

 Repair and Maintenance Costs 

• No repair or maintenance costs are included 

• DOE does account for lamp replacements 

 Analysis Period 

• Time span over which life-cycle cost is calculated 

• Based on the longest-lived baseline lamp in a product class. 

• The analysis period in years is equal to the life of the lamp in hours divided by 

the annual operating hours of the lamp for a given sector or building. 24 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

3-lamp 4-foot Medium Bipin 34W T12 Baseline 

Standards-Induced Retrofit LCC and PBP Results 

CSL 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

Design Option LCC 

$ 

LCC 

Savings 

$ 

Installed 

Price 

$ 

Operating 

Cost 

Savings 

$ 

Payback 

Period 

yr 

Mean 

Lumen 

From 

Baseline 

% 

Baseline 77.9 34 W T12 & 0.88 BF Mag 138.35 N/A 11.04 N/A N/A 0.0 

CSL1 82.4 34 W T12 & 0.88 BF Elec 156.35 -18.00 65.93 4.44 12.4 7.0 

CSL2 85.3 34 W T12 & 0.86 BF Elec 161.71 -23.36 72.96 4.81 12.9 10.9 

CSL2 86.2 32.5 W T8 & 0.88 BF Elec 144.65 -6.31 56.52 5.56 8.2 9.6 

CSL3 90.8 32.5 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 136.74 1.60 59.62 8.00 6.1 4.4 

CSL3 91.2 34 W T12 & 0.86 BF Elec 162.00 -23.66 76.15 4.81 13.5 18.5 

CSL4 92.3 32.5 W T8 & 0.75 BF Elec 132.09 6.26 60.05 8.73 5.6 5.6 

CSL4 95.0 30 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 133.34 5.01 60.90 9.67 5.2 3.3 

CSL5 95.4 32.5 W T8 & 0.75 BF Elec 133.47 4.88 61.61 8.73 5.8 8.0 

CSL5 97.3 28 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 121.38 16.96 60.30 12.16 4.1 -1.3 

CSL5 96.0 25 W T8 & 0.88 BF Elec 125.13 13.22 64.66 11.18 4.8 -0.9 

25 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

3-lamp 4-foot Medium Bipin 34W T12 Baseline 

Ballast Failure LCC and PBP Results 

CSL 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

Design Option LCC 

$ 

LCC 

Savings 

$ 

Installed 

Price 

$ 

Operating 

Cost 

Savings 

$ 

Payback 

Period 

yr 

Mean 

Lumen 

From 

Baseline 

% 

Baseline 77.9 34 W T12 & 0.88 BF Elec 152.66 N/A 62.25 N/A N/A 0.0 

CSL1 82.4 34 W T12 & 0.86 BF Elec 154.69 -2.02 65.93 0.37 10.0 4.5 

CSL2 85.3 34 W T12 & 0.86 BF Elec 161.71 -9.05 72.96 0.37 29.0 10.9 

CSL2 86.2 32.5 W T8 & 0.88 BF Elec 144.65 8.01 56.52 1.12 0.0 9.6 

CSL3 90.8 32.5 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 136.74 15.92 59.62 3.56 0.0 4.4 

CSL3 91.2 34 W T12 & 0.86 BF Elec 162.00 -9.34 76.15 0.37 37.7 18.5 

CSL4 92.3 32.5 W T8 & 0.75 BF Elec 132.09 20.58 60.05 4.29 0.0 5.6 

CSL4 95.0 30 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 133.34 19.33 60.90 5.22 .0.0 3.3 

CSL5 95.4 32.5 W T8 & 0.75 BF Elec 133.47 19.19 61.61 4.29 0.0 8.0 

CSL5 97.3 28 W T8 & 0.78 BF Elec 121.38 31.28 60.30 7.72 0.0 -1.3 

CSL5 96.0 25 W T8 & 0.88 BF Elec 125.13 27.53 64.66 6.74 0.4 -0.9 

26 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

LCC and PBP Results for the

75W PAR38 Lamp Operating in the Commercial Sector

CSL 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

lm/W 

Design Option LCC 

$ 

LCC 

Savings 

$ 

Installed 

Price 

$ 

Operating 

Cost 

Savings 

$ 

Payback 

Period 

yr 

Initial 

Lumens 

From 

Baseline 

% 

Baseline 14.0 75W, 14 lm/W & 

2,500 hrs, Halogen 25.53 N/A 6.16 N/A N/A 0.0 

CSL1 15.9 66W, 15.9 lm/W & 

3,000 hrs, Improved Halogen 22.81 2.71 7.55 2.21 0.6 0.0 

CSL2 17.5 60W, 17.5 lm/W & 

3,000hrs, HIR 21.60 3.92 7.73 3.68 0.4 0.0 

CSL3 19.1 55W, 19.1 lm/W & 

4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 19.64 5.89 9.05 4.91 0.6 0.0 

 Additional GSFL and IRL results can be found in Chapter 8 of the 

Technical Support Document. 

27 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Life-Cycle Cost Sensitivities 

 Sensitivity Results Shown in Appendix 8B of the Technical Support 

Document. 

• Monte Carlo Runs: variability in operating hours, sales tax, electricity prices, 

discount rates. 

• High and Low Lamp Prices 

• IRL: High and Low Operating Hours in Residential Sector 

• GSFL: Assume No Ballast Price 

 Other Possible Sensitivities 

• High and Low Growth Electricity Price Trends 

• Variable Start Year 

• Analysis Period as Multiple of Baseline Service Life 

• Vary Sector for each Lamp Type 

28 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses 

Other Issues 

DOE seeks comment on any other aspects related to the LifeCycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses. 

29 

ANOPR Issues for Public Comment 

 Operating Hours (Issue #6)

 General Service Fluorescent Lamp Energy Consumption (Issue #7)

 Life-Cycle Cost Calculation (Issue #8)

 Installation Costs (Issue #9)

30 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps

ANOPR Public Meeting

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

Building Technologies Program

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

March 10-11, 2008

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

2 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

ANOPR Revisions 

Revise ANOPR Analyses 

ANOPR Analysis Action 

Engineering Analysis • Consider ANOPR comments 

• Revise using latest data 

Life-Cycle Cost and 

Payback Period Analyses 

• Consider ANOPR comments 

• Revise using latest data 

• Conduct LCC Sub-Group Analysis 

National Impact Analysis • Consider ANOPR comments 

• Revise using latest data 

3 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

4 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Trial Standard Levels 

Selection of Trial Standard Levels 

 Purpose 

• To develop a list of standard levels from which impacts are weighed and 

a proposed standard level is selected 

– Each trial standard level consists of a set of candidate standard levels 

covering all product classes, and may vary between product classes 

– NOPR analyses assess impacts for trial standard levels (not product classes) 

 Method 

• Trial standard levels are assembled from the product classes and 

candidate standards identified in the ANOPR 

– Candidate standard levels cover a range of efficiencies and can include: 

 Most energy efficient level (max tech) 

 Efficiency level with the lowest life-cycle cost 

 Efficiency levels with noteworthy technologies 

 Efficiency levels that fill in large gaps between candidate standard levels 

– Each trial standard level consists of the candidate standard level from each 

product class that meets one of the above criteria 

5 

Trial Standard Levels 

Trial Standard Levels 

 A critical part of the NOPR analysis on which DOE is seeking early 

guidance and input. 

 Trial standard levels are created from combinations of candidate 

standard levels at a product class level. 

 Based around a consistent theme, such as lowest life-cycle cost. 

DOE requests feedback on the criteria it should use for basing 

the selection of Trial Standard Levels. (Issue #13) 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

7 

Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis 

LCC Subgroup Analysis 

 Purpose 

• To evaluate the economic impacts of standards on consumer subgroups who may 

be disproportionately impacted compared with the general user population 

 Potential subgroups 

• The LCC Analysis includes the ability to examine impacts of consumers: 

– Operating lamps in a variety of sectors (e.g., residential, commercial, 

industrial) 

– Operating lamps in a variety of building types (e.g., mobile home, vs. 

educational facility) 

– Replacing different baseline lamps or lamp-and-ballast systems (e.g., T8 vs. 

T12 baseline system) 

– Subject to a variety of purchasing events (e.g., lamp failure, ballast failure) 

• DOE may also consider analyzing the impacts of low-income consumers. 

DOE welcomes comment on how LCC inputs may change for 

each consumer subgroup.

8 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

9 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

 Purpose 

• To assess the financial impacts and other quantitative and qualitative industry 

impacts of standards on manufacturers of general service florescent lamps (GSFL) 

and incandescent reflector lamps (IRL) 

• To identify and estimate impacts on manufacturer sub-groups that may be more 

severely impacted than the industry as a whole 

• To examine the impact of cumulative regulatory burdens on the industry 

 Method 

• Analyze industry cash flow and net present value through use of the Government 

Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM) 

• Interview manufacturers to refine inputs to the GRIM, develop sub-group analyses, 

and address qualitative issues 

 Output 

• Industry Net Present Value impacts 

• Sub-group Net Present Value impacts 

• Other impacts 

10 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
l

Engineering Analysis

LCC Analysis

National Energy

Savi l sis

Consumer Subgroup

Utility Impacts

Environmental Impacts

Indirect Employment

ts

General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis Process 

 The MIA consists of three phases 

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 

Industry

profile 

Develop

preliminar

GRIM* 

Develo

interview 

guide 

Interviews 

& industrywide 

subgroup

analyses 

Assess direct 

employment,

competition, 

cumulative 

burden 

Finalize 

MIA results 

for NOPR 

* Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM) 

11 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

The MIA is both concurrent and coordinated with activities throughout 

the rulemaking process. 

12 

Phase I 

Industry Profile 

Phase III 

Manufacturer Interviews 

Revised Industry Cash Flow 

Manufacturer Subgroup Analysis 

Qualitative Assessment 

Phase II 

Preliminary GRIM 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Screening Ana ysi Screening Analysis

Engineering Analysis 

LCC Analysis 

ngs Ana y 

National Energy 

Savings Analysis 

Consumer Subgroup 

Utility Impacts 

Environmental Impacts 

Other Rulemaking Analyses 

Impac 

Indirect Employment 

Impacts 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase I: Industry Profile 

 Collect financial and market information 

• Industry reports 

• Company annual reports and websites 

• Trade journals 

• U.S. Census Bureau 

• SEC 10-K form filings 

• ANOPR information from the market and technology assessment, 

engineering analysis, life-cycle cost analysis, and analysis of consumer 

prices 

13 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase II: Develop Preliminary GRIM 

 The Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM) is an industry

cash flow analysis that estimates the change in industry value 

due to the introduction of new energy conservation standards.

Manufacturer Prices 

Shipments 

Manufacturing Costs 

Financial Information 

Cash Flow Impacts, 

Changes in Industry NPV 

GRIM 

14 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase II: Develop Interview Guide 

 A critical aspect of the MIA involves interviews with manufacturers. An 

interview guide is sent to manufacturers in preparation for Phase III. 

 Interview topics will include . . . 

• Engineering analysis 

• Shipments model 

• Cost structure and financial parameters 

• Conversion costs (capital expenditures, tooling, R&D, testing) 

• Impact of other regulations / cumulative burden 

• Direct employment impacts 

• Import / export issues 

• Consolidation / competitive impacts 

• Replacement parts or refurbishments 

• Impact of the standard’s effective date 

• Other topics important to manufacturers 

15 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase III: Manufacturer Interviews 

 Expected timeframe 

 Time and personnel commitment for manufacturers (industry-wide 

GRIM, GRIM assumptions, subgroup analysis discussion) 

 Confidentiality agreements 

16 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase III: Manufacturer Subgroup Analysis 

 The subgroup analysis is a more focused version of the industrywide analysis. 

• Gather information about what sub-groups or characteristics are most 

appropriate. 

• Work with subgroup representatives to tailor a GRIM incorporating unique 

financial characteristics 

• Consider and focus on issues of importance to the subgroup, including 

employment, capacity utilization and cumulative burden 

• Review draft findings with subgroup members during development 

17 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis 

Phase III: Results 

 During interviews, DOE seeks comments and suggestions on the 

parameters used in the preliminary GRIM. The results for the 

financial impacts on the industry following these comments are 

presented in the NOPR phase. 

 In addition, the results for the following qualitative impacts on the 

industry are also presented: 

• Competitive Impact Assessment 

• Manufacturing Capacity Impact 

• Employment Impact 

• Cumulative Regulatory Burden 

18 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

19 

Utility Impact Analysis 

Utility Impact Analysis 

 Purpose 

• To investigate the effects on utilities from reduced energy sales and 

peak load demand due to potential standards 

 Method 

• Uses national energy savings results 

• Uses the Energy Information Administration’s National Energy 

Modeling System (NEMS) tailored for DOE’s Building Technologies 

Program (NEMS-BT) 

 Output 

• Change in energy sales by region 

• Change in the mix of electricity generation 

• Change in new capacity construction 

20 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

21 

Employment Impact Analysis 

Employment Impact Analysis 

 Purpose 

• To report net jobs created or eliminated nationally as a consequence 

of new energy efficiency standards 

 Method 

• Uses the ImSET tool, a spreadsheet model of the U.S. economy that 

focuses on 188 sectors most relevant to industrial, commercial, and 

residential building energy use 

• Changes in product and energy expenditures taken from the National 

Impact Analysis 

• Estimates the national employment and income effects of energy 

saving appliances 

• Direct employment impacts taken from the Manufacturer Impact 

Analysis 

 Output 

• Change in employment by sector as a consequence of new 

standards 22 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

23 

Environmental Assessment 

Environmental Assessment 

 Purpose 

• To report environmental impacts as a consequence of new energy 

efficiency standards, including changes in power plant emissions 

 Method 

• Energy savings results taken from the National Impact Analysis 

• National Energy Modeling System (NEMS-BT) provides power-plant 

emissions 

 Output 

• Estimate of national emission reductions 

– Impact on CO2 emissions reported 

– Power plant SO2 and NOx emissions are effectively capped through 

Congressional legislation resulting in little to no emission reductions 

due to standards 

– The mercury cap-and-trade rule was recently overturned by the 

courts; replacement regulations are not yet determined 

24 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 

Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

NOPR Analyses and Next Steps 

NOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Manufacturer 

Impact 

Analysis 

Utility 

Impact 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Impact 

Analysis 

Employment 

Impact 

Analysis 

LCC 

Subgroup 

Analysis 

25 

Regulatory Impact Analysis 

Regulatory Impact Analysis 

 Purpose 

• To investigate the national impacts due to non-regulatory alternatives 

compared with mandatory energy efficiency standards 

• The non-regulatory alternatives that may be considered: 

– Early replacement; customer tax credits; manufacturer tax credits; 

customer rebates; voluntary efficiency targets; enhanced consumer 

education and labeling program; and bulk government procurement 

 Method 

• Modify NES spreadsheet model to consider non-regulatory scenarios 

– Non-regulatory scenarios increase overall lamp efficacy and are modeled 

by modifying the base-case efficacy trend 

– A percent market adoption estimate is applied to each non-regulatory 

scenario. In each case, the percent adoption will be less than the 100% 

adoption implicit in the regulatory standard option. 

– NPV calculated for non-regulatory alternatives in the same way as for the 

adopted standard 

 Output 

• National Energy Savings and Net Present Value of the non-regulatory 

alternatives 

26 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
2

General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector 

Lamps

ANOPR Public Meeting

National Impact Analysis 

Building Technologies Program

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

March 10-11, 2008

National Impact Analysis 

ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagram 

Framework 

Document ANOPR NOPR Final 

Rule 

National 

Impact 

Analysis 

Energy Use 

Characterization 

Market and 

Technology 

Assessment 

Screening 

Analysis 

Engineering 

Analysis 

Product Price 

Determination 

Life-Cycle 

Cost and 

Payback 

Period Analysis 

Shipments 

Analysis 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Purpose 

 Shipments Analysis 

• To estimate lamp shipments and the product mix of the stock over time (2012-

2042) in the base case and standards case. 

 National Impact Analysis 

• To estimate the National Energy Savings (NES) from GSFL and IRL efficacy 

standards at different levels. 

• To estimate the national economic impact on the nation (or the Net Present 

Value (NPV)) from GSFL and IRL efficacy standards at different levels. 

3 

4 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Base-Case Shipment Methodology 

# of Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Extrapolated 

Shipments to 2011 

# of Systems in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Total Lumens in 

2011 

Lumen Demand System Age 

Distribution 

NEMA Historical 

Shipments 

(2001-2005) 

Average Lamp 

Lifetime in 2011 

Lamps per 

System 

Ballast 

Shipment 

Census Data 

Characteristic 

Lamp and 

Ballast Lifetimes 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp and 

Ballast Inventory in 

2011 

Market Shares of 

Lamp and Ballast 

Shipments in 2012-

2042 

Lamp 

Replacement 

Shipments 

Ballast 

Replacement 

Shipments 

New 

Construction 

Shipments 

Total Shipments (2012-2042) 

Lumen Growth Rate 

• Product Mix of Shipments 

• Product Mix of Inventory 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

2011 Fluorescent Lamp Stocks 

 NEMA provided data from 2001 to 2005 for fluorescent lamp shipments 

 DOE assumes that NEMA shipments represent 90% of total fluorescent lamp 

shipments 

 2011 lamp stocks calculated from lamp average lifetimes determined by 

assumed market shares of lamp inventory in 2011 

Lamp Type Lamp Stock 

(millions) 

4-foot T8 medium bipin 1,670 

4-foot T12 medium bipin 626 

8-foot T8 single pin slimline 28 

8-foot T12 single pin slimline 72 

8-foot T8 recessed double contact HO 1 

8-foot T12 recessed double contact HO 63 

5 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Forecast Assumptions: 

4-foot Medium Bipin 

 New Construction: Exponential growth of total lumens serviced by 

4-foot medium bipin lamps and 8-foot single pin slimline lamps 

• 1.6% annual growth rate obtained from growth in CBECS commercial building 

floor space 

• All new construction results in the purchase of 4-foot T8 lamp-and-ballast 

systems 

 Ballast Replacement: 14 year ballast service lifetime 

• No new 4-foot T12 MBP magnetic ballast purchases after 2009 (2000 Ballast 

Rulemaking) 

• As 4-foot T8, 4-foot T12, and some 8-foot T12 SP slimline ballasts retire, new 

4-foot T8 lamp-and-ballast systems are purchased as system replacements 

 Currently, the model assumes commercial operating hours and 

electricity prices 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Forecast Assumptions: 

8-foot SP Slimline 

 No new construction modeled 

• Historical shipments indicate a decline in total 8-foot SP slimline shipments 

 Ballast Replacement: 14 year ballast service lifetime 

• No new 8-foot T12 SP slimline magnetic ballast purchases after 2009 (2000 

Ballast Rulemaking) 

• As 8-foot T12 SP slimline ballasts retire, 10% of those systems are replaced 

with 8-foot T8 SP slimline lamp-and-ballast systems and 90% are replaced 

with two 4-foot T8 MBP lamp-and-ballast systems 

• As 8-foot T8 SP slimline ballast retire, new 8-foot T8 SP slimline lamp-andballast systems are purchased as system replacements 

 Currently, the model assumes commercial operating hours and 

electricity prices 

7 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Forecast Assumptions: 

8-foot RDC High Output 

 No new construction modeled 

• Historical shipments indicate relatively flat 8-foot RDC HO shipments 

• All new construction assumed to be serviced by other technologies (e.g., T5) 

 Initial (2012) stock of only T12 lamps are modeled 

• T8 lamps accounted for less than 2% of total 8-foot RDC HO shipments in 

2005 

 Ballast Replacement: 10 year ballast service lifetime 

• As 8-foot T12 RDC HO ballasts retire, new electronic 8-foot T12 RDC HO 

lamp-and-ballast systems are purchased as system replacements 

 Currently, the model assumes industrial operating hours and 

electricity prices 

8 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Market-Share Matrices 

 Two base-case market share (product mix) inputs for each lamp 

type: 

• Product mix of the lamp and ballast inventory in 2011 

• Product mix of new system shipments after from 2012 to 2042 

 The shipment model assumes that when a lamp fails it is replaced 

with the same lamp 

 Key Inputs into the Matrices: 

• Lamp wattage distributions (e.g., 32W, 30W, 28W, 25W) 

• Lamp efficacy distributions (CSLs) 

• Ballast factor distributions (e.g., 0.88, 0.78, 0.75) 

• Correlation of the above properties to obtain system distributions 

9 

National Impact Analysis 

4-foot Medium Bipin Base-Case Market Share Matrix Inputs 

4-foot T8 MBP Electronic Systems 

System 

Characteristic 

2012 

Shipment 

Distribution 

2042 

Shipment 

Distribution 

Lamp 

Wattage 

32W 90% 60% 

30W 4% 15% 

28W 6% 17% 

25W 0% 8% 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

CSL2 43% 12% 

CSL3 29% 10% 

CSL4 15% 35% 

CSL5 13% 43% 

Ballast 

Factor 

0.88 90% 54% 

0.78 5% 33% 

0.75 5% 13% 

4-foot T12 MBP Magnetic 

Systems 

System 

Characteristic 

2012 

Inventory 

Distribution 

Lamp 

Wattage 

40W 31% 

34W 69% 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

CSL0 56% 

CSL1 22% 

CSL2 14% 

CSL3 8% 

Complete 4-foot MBP basecase market share matrices 

are presented in Tables 9.3.3 

and 9.3.4 in Chapter 9 of the 

ANOPR TSD. 

10 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Example Base-Case Market Share Matrix: 4-foot T8 MBP 

CSL Lamp 

Efficacy 

Lamp 

Wattage 

Lamp 

Lifetime 

System 

Input 

Power 

Installed 

Lamp Price 

Mix of Systems 

Purchased in 

2012 and 

Earlier 

Mix of 

Systems 

Purchased in 

2042 

lm/W W hrs W $ % % 

BF 

0.88 

2 86.2 32.5 20,000 87.5 3.93 43 8 

3 90.8 32.5 20,000 87.5 4.96 29 10 

4 92.3 32.5 24,000 87.5 5.10 11 14 

4 95.0 30.0 18,000 80.5 5.39 0 3 

5 95.4 32.5 24,000 87.5 5.62 7 12 

5 97.3 28.0 18,000 71.1 5.19 0 3 

5 96.0 25.0 24,000 66.8 6.64 0 4 

0.78 

2 86.2 32.5 20,000 78.5 3.93 0 4 

3 90.8 32.5 20,000 78.5 4.96 0 0 

4 92.3 32.5 24,000 78.5 5.10 0 6 

4 95.0 30.0 18,000 72.4 5.39 2 6 

5 95.4 32.5 24,000 78.5 5.62 0 6 

5 97.3 28.0 18,000 63.3 5.19 3 7 

5 96.0 25.0 24,000 58.1 6.64 0 4 

0.75 

2 86.2 32.5 20,000 75.9 3.93 0 0 

3 90.8 32.5 20,000 75.9 4.96 0 0 

4 92.3 32.5 24,000 75.9 5.10 0 0 

4 95.0 30.0 18,000 70.0 5.39 2 6 

5 95.4 32.5 24,000 75.9 5.62 0 0 

5 97.3 28.0 18,000 60.9 5.19 3 7 

5 96.0 25.0 24,000 55.5 6.64 0 0 

Total 100 100 

11 

National Impact Analysis 

8-foot SP Slimline Base-Case Market Share Matrix Inputs 

CSL5 8% 53% 

CSL4 48% 27% 

CSL3 44% 20% 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

8-foot T12 SP Slimline Magnetic 

Systems 

8-foot T8 SP Slimline Electronic Systems 

System 2012 2042 

Characteristic System 2012 

Distribution 

Shipment Shipment 

Characteristic Inventory 

Distribution 

Distribution 

59W 100% 70% 

Lamp Lamp 75W 63% 57W 0% 15% Wattage Wattage 60W 37% 55W 0% 15% 

0.88 70% 40% 

Ballast 0.85 15% 33% Factor 

0.78 15% 27% 

CSL1 41% 

CSL3 8%

CSL2 19% 

CSL0 32% 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

Complete 8-foot SP slimline 

base-case market share matrices 

are presented in Tables 9.3.5 and 

9.3.6 in Chapter 9 of the ANOPR 

TSD. 12 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

8-foot RDC HO Base-Case Market Share Matrix Inputs 

8-foot T12 RDC High Output Electronic 

Systems 

System 

Characteristic 

2012 

Shipment 

Distribution 

2042 

Shipment 

Distribution 

Lamp 

Wattage 

110W 60% 34% 

95W 40% 66% 

Lamp 

Efficacy 

CSL0 54% 15% 

CSL1 21% 25% 

CSL3 7% 21% 

CSL3 18% 39% 

Ballast 

Factor 

0.90 33% 33% 

0.89 33% 35% 

0.88 34% 32% 

Complete 8-foot RDC HO 

base-case market share 

matrices are presented in 

Table 9.3.8 in Chapter 9 of 

the ANOPR TSD. 

13 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Results: 4-foot Medium Bipin 

New Construction 

7% 1.0 

Lamp 

Replacement 

63%

0.9 

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 

Year 

4-foot T8 MBP 

4-foot T12 MBP 

Shipments (billions) 0.8 

0.7 Ballast 

Replacement 

30% 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0.0 

 4-foot T8 MBP shipments grow due to new construction and 

retrofitting of 4-foot T12 and 8-foot T12 SP Slimline systems 

 2000 Ballast Rule effectively eliminates the sale of 4-foot T12 MBP 

magnetic ballasts causing T12 lamp shipments to reach zero by 

2022 

14 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

15 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Results: 8-foot SP Slimline 

Ballast 

Replacement 

22% 

Lamp 

Replacement 

78% 

0.00 

0.01 

0.02 

0.03 

0.04 

0.05 

0.06 

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 

Year 

Shipments (billions) 

8-foot T8 SP 

8-foot T12 SP 

 8-foot T8 SP slimline shipments show slight growth due to the 

retrofitting of some 8-foot T12 SP slimline systems 

 2000 Ballast Rule effectively eliminates the sale of 8-foot T12 SP 

magnetic ballasts causing T12 lamp shipments to reach zero by 

2022 

16 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipment Results: 8-foot RDC High Output 

Ballast 

Replacement 

20% 

Lamp 

Replacement 

80% 0.00 

0.01 

0.01 

0.02 

0.02 

0.03 

0.03 

0.04 

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 

Year 

Shipments (billions) 

8-foot T8 RDC HO 

8-foot T12 RDC HO 

 8-foot T12 RDC HO shipments are projected to be flat due to 

penetration of other technologies 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

17 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Standards-Case Shipment Methodology 

# of Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Extrapolated 

Shipments to 2011 

# of Systems in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Total Lumens in 

2011 

Lumen Demand System Age 

Distribution 

NEMA Historical 

Shipments 

(2001-2005) 

Average Lamp 

Lifetime in 2011 

Lamps per 

System 

Ballast 

Shipment 

Census Data 

Characteristic 

Lamp and 

Ballast 

Lifetimes 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp and 

Ballast Inventory in 

2011 

Standards-Case 

Market Shares of 

Lamp and Ballast 

Shipments in 2012-

2042 

Lumen Growth Rate 

• Product Mix of Shipments 

• Product Mix of Inventory 

Retrofit Rate 

Lamp 

Replacement 

Shipments 

Ballast 

Replacement 

Shipments 

New 

Construction 

Shipments 

Total Shipments 

Retrofit 

Shipments 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Standards-Case Shipment Methodology 

 Develop standards-case market-share matrices 

• Use shipment scenarios to characterize how consumers will change purchase 

decisions with standards 

• Standards-case market share matrices show movement to higher efficacy 

lamps and alternate BF ballasts 

• Separate standards-case market-share matrices for lamp replacements on 

existing ballasts and for new system purchases 

 Incorporate standards-induced retrofits 

• Assumes that the increased first-cost of higher-efficacy 4-foot T12 MBP and 

8-foot T12 SP lamps will result in additional voluntary retrofits in the standards 

case 

• Mandatory T12 ballast retrofits when no standard-compliant T12 lamps are 

available 

 Recalculate shipments and stock product mixes 

18 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Standards-Case Shipment Scenarios 

 Scenarios consider lamp price, system lumen output, and system 

energy consumption as drivers for consumer purchases 

 Roll-up Scenario – “lower bound of energy savings” 

• Only consumers purchasing below the candidate standard level analyzed, 

change purchase decisions in the standards case. 

• These consumers purchase the lowest first cost lamp option 

 Shift Scenario – “upper bound of energy savings” 

• All consumers reevaluate their lamp and ballast purchase decisions 

• Consumers currently purchasing the lowest efficacy option, purchase the 

lowest first cost standards compliant lamp option 

• All other consumers purchase the lowest first-cost, energy-saving option 

19 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Lamp Standards-Case Retrofits 

 Increased Voluntary Magnetic T12 Ballast Retrofit at all CSLs 

• Current trends indicate that consumers are retrofitting their existing 4-foot T12 

MBP and 8-foot T12 SP slimline magnetic systems and are replacing them 

with the corresponding more cost-effective T8 electronic systems 

Increased 

efficacy 

standard 

Increased 

T12 lamp 

price 

Increased 

T12 

retrofits 

• Increasing retrofit rate of 4-foot T12 MBP and 8-foot T12 SP systems in the 

standards case at each CSL 

CSL Retrofit Rate (% remaining stock per year) 

1 10% 

2 20% 

3 30% 

4 40% 

5 50% 

 Mandatory T12 Ballast Retrofit 

• At CSL4 and CSL5, no T12 lamps are standards-compliant. Therefore, upon 

T12 lamp failure, the entire T12 lamp-and-ballast system is retrofitted and 

replaced with a T8 system. 20 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Fluorescent Shipment Forecasts 

DOE invites comment on the methodology and data sources used to 

estimate initial lamps stocks in 2011. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on the fluorescent base-case and standardscase market share matrices. (Issue #10, Issue #12) 

DOE invites comment on the fluorescent base-case shipment 

forecasts. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on appropriate standards-case voluntary 

magnetic T12 ballast retrofit rates for the 4-foot MBP and 8-foot SP 

slimline. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on the shipment scenarios analyzed and other 

scenarios DOE should analyze for GSFL. (Issue #12) 

21 

22 

National Impact Analysis 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Base-Case Shipment 

Methodology 

Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Extrapolated 

Shipments to 2011 

NEMA Historical 

Shipments 

(2001-2005) 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp Inventory 

in 2011 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp Inventory 

in 2012-2042 

Lamp 

Replacement 

Shipments 

New 

Construction 

Shipments 

Total Shipments 

Rate of New Construction 

• Product Mix of Shipments 

• Product Mix of Inventory 

# of Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2012-

2042 

Historical 

Shipments of 

Covered Lamps by 

Sector 

Emerging Technologies 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Shipments Forecasts: IRL 

2011 Lamp Stock 

 NEMA data provides historical shipments for non-halogen and 

halogen IRL 

 Assumptions: 

• NEMA shipments represent 85% of total IRL shipments 

• DOE estimates that EISA 2007 exempts approximately 60% of nonhalogen IRL 

• Non-halogen shipments: 33 percent serve the commercial sector, 67 

percent serve the residential sector 

• Halogen shipments: 60 percent serve the commercial sector, 40 

percent serve the residential sector 

 Installed stock of covered IRL in 2011 

• Residential sector: 297 million lamps 

• Commercial sector: 77 million lamps 

23 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Stock Projection Assumptions 

 New Construction: Exponential growth in IRL sockets 

• Historical annual growth rate of IRL stock is estimated to be 8-10%. 

However, this growth may be unsustainable. 

• DOE uses building floor space growth to estimate new construction 

growth 

– 1.3% sockets/year in the residential sector (RECS building floor 

space) 

– 1.6% sockets/year in the commercial sector (CBECS building 

floor space) 

 DOE assumes other technologies like reflector CFL, ceramic metal 

halide, and solid state lighting will penetrate the IRL market: ~50% 

IRL sockets in 2042 

24 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
2011 

2014 

2017 

2020 

2023 

2026 

2029 

2032 

2035 

2038 

2041 

General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Stock Projection 

0 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600

Reflector Lamp Sockets (millions) 

Covered Incandescent 

Reflector Lamps 

Emerging 

Technologies 

Year 

25 

National Impact Analysis 

Base-Case Market-Share Matrices: IRL 

 Analyzed three lumen packages: 

• 27% at 580 lumens (50W Halogen baseline) 

• 32% at 1,050 lumens (75W Halogen baseline) 

• 41% at 1,310 lumens (90W Halogen baseline) 

 Residential stock: 100% halogen throughout the analysis period 

 Commercial stock: 80% halogen and 20% HIR in 2012 

50% halogen and 50% HIR in 2042 

Commercial Sockets 

Lamp Design 

Stock in 

2011 

Stock in 

2042 

90W, 14.6 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, 

Halogen 33% 21% 

75W, 14.0 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, 

Halogen 26% 16% 

50W, 11.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, 

Halogen 22% 14% 

70W, 18.0 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 8% 21% 

60W, 17.5 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 6% 16% 

41.3W, 15 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 5% 14% 

Residential Sockets 

Lamp Design 

Stock in 

2011 

Stock in 

2042 

90W, 14.6 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, 

Halogen 41% 41% 

75W, 14.0 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, 

Halogen 32% 32% 

50W, 11.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, 

Halogen 27% 27% 

26 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

27 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Base-Case Shipment Forecasts 

Commercial Sector Residential Sector 

 Shipments calculated by tracking the retirement (based on lifetime) 

of IRL in the stock 

 Base-case shipment decline caused by: 

• Increased penetration of reflector CFLs and other emerging technologies 

• Shift towards longer-lived HIR lamps in the commercial sector 

0.00 

0.02 

0.04 

0.06 

0.08 

0.10 

0.12 

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 

Year 

Shipments (billions) 

Base-Case Forecast 

Historical Shipments 

0.00 

0.02 

0.04 

0.06 

0.08 

0.10 

0.12 

2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 

Year 

Shipments (billions) 

Base-Case Forecast 

Historical Shipments 

28 

National Impact Analysis 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Standards-Case Shipment 

Methodology 

Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2011 

Extrapolated 

Shipments to 2011 

NEMA Historical 

Shipments 

(2001-2005) 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp Inventory 

in 2011 

Standards-Case 

Market Shares of 

the Lamp Inventory 

in 2012-2042 

Lamp 

Replacement 

Shipments 

New 

Construction 

Shipments 

Total Shipments 

Rate of New Construction 

• Product Mix of Shipments 

• Product Mix of Inventory 

# of Lamps in the 

Inventory in 2012-

2042 

Historical 

Shipments of 

Covered Lamps by 

Sector 

Emerging Technologies 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Standards Case Scenarios 

 Stock of IRL lamps in the standards-case is the same as the stock 

of IRL lamps in the base-case in all scenarios. 

 Main Scenario – “upper bound of energy savings” 

• Assumes all base-case IRL consumers continue to purchase regulated IRL 

products 

• All IRL consumers purchase lowest first cost, higher efficacy, reducedwattage lamps in the standards case (light output of standards-compliant lamp 

is same as baseline lamp) 

 65W BR Lamp Substitution Sensitivity – “reduced energy savings” 

• Accounts for standards case market migration to the exempted 65W BR30 

and BR40 lamps 

• 65W BR lamp is a direct replacement for the 50W PAR baseline lamp. 

 10% Lumen Increase Sensitivity – “reduced energy savings” 

• Residential consumers purchase same-wattage, higher-wattage, and 

reduced-wattage lamp designs 

• Results in an overall increase in lumens 

29 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Main Scenario: Commercial Standards-Case Market Share Matrices 

CSL Lamp Design 

Stock in 

2011* 

Stock in 

2013** 

Stock in 

2042 

% % % 

90W, 14.6 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, Halogen 33 21 

75W, 14.0 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, Halogen 26 16 

50W, 11.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Halogen 22 14 

Base Case 70W, 18.0 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 8 21 

60W, 17.5 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 6 16 

41.3W, 15 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 5 14 

Total 100 100 

79W, 16.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 32 21 

66W, 15.9 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 25 16 

44.3W, 14 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 21 14 

CSL1 70W, 18 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 9 21 

60W, 17.5 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 7 16 

41.3W, 15 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 6 14 

Total 100 100 

70W, 18 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 41 41 

CSL2 60W, 17.5 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 32 32 

41.3W, 15 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 27 27 

Total 

66W, 19.8 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 41 41 

CSL3 55W, 19.1 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 32 32 

40W, 17 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 27 27 

Total 100 100 

*Base-Case Input Only 

**Standards-Case Input Only (2013 is the year when standards-compliant lamps are 

able to fill all sockets. 30 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Main Scenario: Residential Standards Case Market Share Matrices 

CSL Lamp Design 

Stock in 

2011* 

Stock in 

2015** 

Stock in 

2042 

% % % 

90W, 14.6 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, Halogen 41 41 

Base Case 75W, 14.0 lm/W, 2,500 hrs, Halogen 32 32 

50W, 11.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Halogen 27 27 

Total 100 100 

79W, 16.6 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 41 41 

CSL1 66W, 15.9 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 32 32 

44.3W, 14 lm/W, 3000 hrs, Improved Halogen 27 27 

Total 100 100 

70W, 18 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 41 41 

CSL2 60W, 17.5 lm/W, 3,000 hrs, HIR 32 32 

41.3W, 15 lm/W, 3000 hrs, HIR 27 27 

Total 

66W, 19.8 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 41 41 

CSL3 55W, 19.1 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 32 32 

40W, 17 lm/W, 4,000 hrs, Improved HIR 27 27 

Total 100 100 

*Base-Case Input Only 

**Standards-Case Input Only (2015 is the year when all standards-compliant lamps are able 

to fill all sockets. 

31 

National Impact Analysis 

IRL Shipment Forecasts 

DOE invites comment on the methodology used to incorporate 

emerging technologies in the base-case IRL forecast. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on the assumptions discussed including IRL 

operating sectors, market shares of incandescent and halogen IRL, and 

market shares of exempted IRL. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on the population of IRL base-case and 

standards-case market share matrices. (Issue #10, Issue #12) 

DOE invites comment on the national lumen output projection in both 

the standards case and base case. Specifically DOE invites comment 

on whether any shipment or stock adjustments are necessary in 

response to over-lighting or under-lighting. (Issue #11) 

DOE invites comment on standards-case shipment scenarios analyzed 

for incandescent reflector lamps. (Issue #12) 

32 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

National Energy Savings Inputs 

 Product Stock by Design 

• Tracked by shipments, market-share matrices, and product retirements 

 Unit Annual Energy Consumption 

• Per unit values for each lamp or lamp-and-ballast system as developed by the 

Energy-Use Characterization 

 Electricity Site-to-Source Conversion Factors 

• Conversion factors forecast using 2007 Annual Energy Outlook (2030-2042 

estimated using 2020-2030 forecast trends) 

• Factors vary annually and account for generation, distribution, and 

transmission losses

 HVAC Interaction 

• Commercial and industrial sector: 6.25% (2000 Ballast rulemaking) 

• No HVAC modeled in the residential sector 

 Rebound Rate 

• Accounts for increased lighting usage due to lower operating costs in the 

standards case 

• Commercial and Industrial sectors: 1%, Residential sector: 8.5% 

33 

National Impact Analysis 

National Energy Savings Inputs 

DOE invites comment on the HVAC interaction implemented in the 

commercial and residential sectors. 

DOE invites comment on the inclusion and the magnitude of the 

rebound effect for purposes analyzing the expected effects of this 

regulation. 

34 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

National Impact Analysis 

Net Present Value Inputs 

 Shipments by Product Design 

• Taken from shipments analysis 

 Per Unit Installed Cost 

• Taken from LCC and Product Price Determination (prices and labor costs) 

 Electricity Prices 

• Average prices taken from LCC analysis 

• Future energy prices adjusted according to trend forecasted by the 2007 

Annual Energy Outlook 

 Discount Rate 

• 7% and 3% real from OMB’s Regulatory Analysis Circular A-4 

• Future expenses discounted to 2007, reported in 2006$ 

 DOE also calculates a residual value in 2042 to account for 

remaining life of installed lamps in the base case and standards 

case. 

DOE invites comment on its usage of residual value to account for 

the remaining lifetime of lamps. 35 

36 

National Impact Analysis 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps NES and NPV Results 

(Shift Scenario, 7% Discount Rate) 

4-foot Medium Bipin 

0 

2 

4 

6 

8 

10 

12 

14 

CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5 

Energy Savings (Quads) 

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

NPV (Billion $) 

Energy Savings NPV 

8-foot Single Pin Slimline 

0 

0.05 

0.1 

0.15 

0.2 

0.25 

0.3 

0.35 

0.4 

0.45 

CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5 

Energy Savings (Quads) 

-0.1 

0 

0.1 

0.2 

0.3 

0.4 

0.5 

0.6 

0.7 

0.8 

NPV (Billion $) 

Energy Savings NPV 

8-foot Recessed Double Contact High Output 

0 

0.5 

1 

1.5 

2 

2.5 

CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5 

Energy Savings (Quads) 

0 

0.5 

1 

1.5 

2 

2.5 

3 

3.5 

4 

NPV (Billion $) 

Energy Savings NPV 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

37 

National Impact Analysis 

Incandescent Reflector NES and NPV Results 

(Main Scenario, 7% Discount Rate) 

0 

0.5 

1 

1.5 

2 

2.5 

3 

CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 

Energy Savings (Quads) 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

NPV (Billion $) 

Energy Savings NPV 

National Impact Analysis 

ANOPR Issues for Public Comment 

 Base-Case and Standards-Case Market Share Matrices (Issue #10)

 Shipment Forecasts (Issue #11)

 Base-Case and Standards-Case Forecasted Efficiencies (Issue #12)

 NES and NPV Calculation Inputs

38 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

ANOPR Public Meeting 

Rulemaking Overview 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Building Technologies Program 

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

U.S. Department of Energy 

March 10-11, 2008 

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/incandescent_lamps_anopr.html 

Overview 

Purpose of the Public Meeting 

 To present methodologies and characterize results for analyses to 

date 

 To discuss specific issues related to each analysis 

 To seek input from attendees on methodologies, assumptions and 

data sources 

 To describe upcoming analyses and next steps 

2 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Overview 

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) directs DOE to consider 

seven factors when setting energy conservation standards 

Factor Analysis 

1. Economic impact on consumers Life-cycle cost analysis 

and manufacturers Manufacturer impact analysis 

2. Lifetime operating cost savings Life-cycle cost analysis 

3. Total projected energy savings National impact analysis 

4. Impact on utility or performance Screening Analysis 

Engineering analysis 

5. Impact of any lessening of Manufacturer impact analysis 

competition 

6. Need for national energy National impact analysis 

conservation 

7. Other factors the Secretary Environmental assessment 

considers relevant Utility impact analysis 

Employment impact analysis 

3 

Overview 

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: ANOPR 

Framework 

Document ANOPR NOPR Final 

Rule 

Effective 

Date 

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment Engineering Product Price 

Screening Analysis Determination 

Analysis Life-Cycle 

Cost and 

Payback 

Period Analyses 

Energy Use National 

Characterization Impact 

Analysis 

Shipments 

Analysis 

4 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Overview 

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: NOPR 

Framework 

Document ANOPR NOPR Final 

Rule 

Effective 

Date 

Impact Impact Impact Subgroup Impact

Manufacturer 

Analysis 

Utility 

Analysis 

Trial 

Standard 

Levels 

Revise 

ANOPR 

Analyses 

Environmental 

Assessment 

Regulatory 

Analysis 

Employment 

Analysis 

LCC 

Analysis 

Issues for Public Comment 

 Expansion of Scope for General Service Fluorescent Lamps (Issue #1)

 Product Classes (Issue #3)

 Standards for Color Rendering Index

 Selection of Efficacious Lamp Substitutes and Candidate Standard Levels

 Scaling to Product Classes Not Analyzed (Issue #4)

 Approaches for Establishing End-user prices

 Operating Hours (Issue #6)

 General Service Fluorescent Lamp Energy Consumption (Issue #7)

 Life-Cycle Cost Calculation (Issue #8)

 Installation Costs (Issue #9)

 Base-Case and Standards-Case Market Share Matrices (Issue #10)

 Shipment Forecasts (Issue #11)

 Base-Case and Standards-Case Forecasted Efficiencies (Issue #12)

 NES and NPV Calculation Inputs

 Trial Standard Levels (Issue #13)

5 

Overview 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Overview 

Comments from Participants 

 Participants are invited to provide summary comments or 

statements 

 Participants are invited to raise additional issues for discussion 

today 

 ANOPR comment period open through April 12, 2008 

7 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Energy Conservation Standards for 

General Service Fluorescent Lamps and 

Incandescent Reflector Lamps
 

ANOPR Public Meeting
 

Scope of Coverage 

Building Technologies Program
 

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
 

U.S. Department of Energy
 

March 10-11, 2008
 

EISA 2007 

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 

	 Amendments to EPCA contained in EISA 2007 significantly affected the 

scope of coverage for this rulemaking: 

•	 Set energy conservation standards for general service incandescent 

lamps (GSIL) (no longer part of this rulemaking) 

•	 Amended 42 U.S.C. 6295(i)(5) to remove DOE’s authority to consider 

coverage of additional GSIL, including IRL 

•	 Modified EPCA definitions for GSFL and IRL, bringing additional lamps 

under DOE’s authority 

2 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

EISA 2007 

General Service Fluorescent Lamp Definition 

	 The term “general service fluorescent lamp” means a fluorescent lamp 

which can be used to satisfy the majority of fluorescent applications, but 

does not include any lamp designed and marketed for the following nongeneral lighting applications: 

(i) Fluorescent lamps designed to (v) Reflectorized or aperture lamps. 

promote plant growth. (vi) Fluorescent lamps designed for use in 

(ii) Fluorescent lamps designed for reprographic equipment. 

cold temperature applications. (vii) Lamps primarily designed to produce 

(iii) Colored fluorescent lamps. radiation in the UV region. 

(iv) Impact-resistant fluorescent (viii) Lamps with a CRI ≥ 87. 

lamps. 

(42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(B)) 3 

EISA 2007 

Incandescent Reflector Lamp Definition 

	 The term “incandescent reflector lamp” means a lamp in which light is 

produced by a filament heated to incandescence by an electric current, 

and which is not colored or designed for rough or vibration service 

applications, that contains an inner reflective coating on the outer bulb to 

direct the light, an R, PAR, ER, BR, BPAR or similar bulb shapes with 

E26 medium screw bases, a rated voltage or voltage range that lies at 

least partially within 115 and 130 volts, a diameter which exceeds 2.25 

inches, and has a rated wattage that is 40 watts or higher. 

(42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(C)) 

	 DOE plans to continue to regulate IRL rated 40 to 205 watts. 

	 EISA included statutory exemptions for the following IRL:

•	 ER30, BR30, BR40, and ER40 lamps rated at 50 watts or less; 

•	 BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps rated at 65 watts; and 

•	 R20 lamps rated at 45 watts or less. 

4 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

EISA 2007 

Colored Incandescent Lamp Definition 

	 EISA 2007 introduces a new definition for colored incandescent 

lamp: 

The term “colored incandescent lamp” means an incandescent lamp 

designated and marketed as a colored lamp that has--

(i) a color rendering index of less than 50, as determined according to the test 

method given in C.I.E. publication 13.3-1995; or 

(ii) a correlated color temperature of less than 2,500K, or greater than 4,600K, 

where correlated temperature is computed according to the Journal of Optical 

Society of America, Vol. 58, pages 1528-1595 (1968). 

	 This new definition effectively removes the exclusion of neodymium 

incandescent reflector lamps from regulation. DOE considers 

standards for these lamps by creating a separate product class for 

“modified spectrum” IRL. 

5 

Preliminary Determination 

Expansion Scope of Coverage 

	 “...the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking procedure to determine 

if the standards in effect for fluorescent lamps...should be amended 

so that they would be applicable to additional general service 

fluorescent lamps...” 42 U.S.C. 6295(i)(5) 

	 Schedule: 

Determination Analysis Energy Conservation Standards 

Preliminary Determination of Scope ANOPR 

Proposed Determination of Scope NOPR 

Final Determination of Scope Final Rule 

6 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Preliminary Determination 

Scope of Coverage Criteria / Rationale 

 Statutory definition for GSFL (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(B)) 

 Potential energy savings of the lamps

•	 Estimated using market-share information and incremental energy 

savings of more-efficacious lamps. 

	 Includes lamps whose shipments may not currently be high-volume 

but which have the potential to grow.

•	 Mitigates the risk that regulating one lamp type may lead to rapid 

increased sales of other, non-regulated lamps. 

	 Potential for a standard to meet two remaining statutory criteria

•	 Technologically feasible 

•	 Economically justified 

7 

Preliminary Determination 

Preliminary Determination of Scope - GSFL 

 Additional General Service Fluorescent Lamps 

•	 Four-foot, medium bipin lamps with wattages ≥ 25 and < 28 

•	 Eight-foot recessed double contact, rapid start, HO lamps not defined in 

ANSI C78.1-1991 (e.g., 86W, T8, 0.4 A, high-frequency) 

•	 Eight-foot single pin instant start slimline lamps, with a rated wattage 

≥ 52, not defined in ANSI C78.3-1991 (e.g., 59W, T8, single pin) 

8 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Preliminary Determination 

Fluorescent 

Lamps
 

8-Foot	 8-Foot 4-Foot 2-Foot U-shaped Recessed Single Pin Medium Bipin ≥ 28 W Double Contact Slimline ≥ 25W High Output	 ≥ 52 W 

95W 

0.8-Amp 

T12 

110W 

0.8-Amp 

T12 

60W 

T12 

75W 

T12 

40W 

6” 

Center 

T12 

40W 

3-5/8” 

Center 

T12 

31W 

1-5/8” 

Center 

T8 

32W 

6” 

Center 

T8 

Other 

lamps 

e.g. 34W 

T12, ... 

86 W 

0.4-Amp 

T8 

59W 

T8 

57W 

T8 

55W 

T8 

Fluorescent Lamps Covered 

Currently in EPCA 

Proposed Product Additions 

in the Lamps ANOPR 44W 

T8 

40W 

T12 

40W 

T12 

40W 

T10 

34W 

T12 

32W 

T8 

Other 

lamps 

e.g. T8: 

30, 28W; 

... 

25W 

T8 

9 

Preliminary Determination 

Other Lamps Considered for Coverage 

	 DOE considered, but is presently not planning to extend coverage 

to the following lamp types: 

	 T5 Miniature Bipin Lamps

•	 Lower potential for per-unit energy savings because they already represent 

more efficacious product. 

•	 Currently small market share. 

•	 Regulation of these lamps may slow the adoption of these higher-efficacy 

products. 

	 Very High Output Lamps

• Though may have potential for relatively large per-unit energy savings, 

research indicates that they have small and decreasing market share. 

	 Fluorescent lamps with alternate lengths, diameters, bases, and 

shapes

•	 Constitute a small market share with little potential to grow. 

10 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07
General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector Lamp March 10-11, 2008 

Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting 

Preliminary Determination 

Consideration of Additional General Service Fluorescent Lamps 

DOE invites comment on its considered expansion of 

coverage of general service fluorescent lamps. (Issue #1) 

11 

EERE-2007-BT-TP-0013 COMMENT 07