# Patent

## Title
Wideband tuner architecture

## Abstract

A wideband receiver system is provided to concurrently receive multiple RF channels including a number of desired channels that are located in non-contiguous portions of a radio frequency spectrum and to group the number of desired channels into a contiguous frequency band. The system includes a wideband receiver having a complex mixer for down-shifting the multiple RF channels and transforming them to an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal in the baseband. The system further includes a wideband analog-to-digital converter module that digitizes the in-phase and quadrature signals and a digital frontend module that transforms the digital in-phase and quadrature signals to baseband signals that contains only the number of desired RF channels. that are now located in a contiguous frequency band. An up-converter module up-shifts the baseband signals to a contiguous band in an IF spectrum so that the system can directly interface with commercially available demodulators.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. provisional application No. 61/170,526, filed Apr. 17, 2009, entitled “Wideband Tuner Architecture,” the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to wideband receiver systems and methods having a wideband receiver that is capable of receiving multiple radio frequency channels located in a broad radio frequency spectrum. In particular, the invention relates to wideband receiver systems that are capable of receiving multiple desired television channels that extend over multiple non-contiguous portions of the broad frequency spectrum and grouping them into a contiguous, or substantially-contiguous frequency spectrum.
Receivers used to down-convert and selectively filter TV channels are referred to as tuners, and tuners designed to concurrently receive several TV channels are referred to as wideband tuners. Existing tuners for these applications down-convert a swath of channels to an intermediate frequency which are then sent to a demodulator. Because the swath of channels are not contiguous, this swath includes the desired channels as well as undesired channels. The demodulator employs a high-speed data converter to capture this swath of desired and undesired channels in the digital domain and subsequently filters out the desired channels.
In general, television channels broadcasted over the air or over cable networks are distributed across a broad frequency spectrum. That is, the channel frequencies may not be adjacent to each other. In certain applications such as DVR and picture-in-picture, the receiver system may have to concurrently receive several desired channels that may or may not be contiguous. The wideband receiver requirement poses a trade-off to the system to limit either the dynamic range of the wideband tuner or reduce the bandwidth covered by the tuner so that fewer channels may be received and processed by the demodulator.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional wideband tuner 100. Tuner 100 may be a direct conversion tuner and includes a low noise amplifier LNA1 having an input terminal coupled to a radio frequency (RF) input signal 102 and an output terminal coupled to a mixer M1. The RF signal may include one or more television channels receiving from a cable network via an RF connector or wirelessly via an antenna. The RF input signal may include the VHF and UHF television channels in a terrestrial television broadcasting system or the CATV channels in cable networks. In order to receive all broadcasted channels present in the RF input signal, LNA1 must necessarily have a wide tuning range, high linearity, and low noise. Mixer M1 is coupled to a synthesizer S1 that can generate an oscillator frequency located around the center of the RF signal. Mixer M1 frequency down-converts the received RF input signal to a more convenient intermediate frequency (IF) band. Tuner 100 includes an amplifier V1 having a programmable gain for amplifying the IF signal, which is then band-pass filtered by a filter F1 before outputting to a demodulator.
In general, the RF signal includes multiple desired channels that are located in non-contiguous portions of a radio frequency spectrum. As shown in FIG. 1, the swath of channels 110 occupies a bandwidth BW1 120 at an RF center frequency frfc 130 Synthesizer S1 may be tuned to a frequency around the center frequency frfc 130 for mixing channels 110 to an intermediate frequency fifc 160, the frequency down-mixed channels 140 are amplified by amplifier V1 and then filtered by F1 to produce a swath of channels 170 centered around frequency fifc 160. In an exemplary application shown in FIG. 1, bandwidth BW1 contains 10 channels. In the case where channels are TV channels that are spaced at either 6 MHz or 8 MHz in most parts of the world, bandwidth BW1 120 would span from 60-80 MHz, i.e., the down-converted bandwidth at the intermediate frequency would require a bandwidth equal to at least BW1, or at least 80 MHz when such architecture is used. It is noted that in other applications where the desired RF channels are located in the low band such as channels numbers 2 to 6 (VHF in the terrestrial TV broadcast or CATV) and in the high band such as channels numbers 14 to 83 of the UHF TV broadcast or channel numbers 63-158 of the CATV's ultra band, the bandwidth BW1 can be 800 MHz or higher. This wide bandwidth of 800 MHz would require a very expensive digital processing circuitry such as very high-speed analog to digital conversion and high-speed processor in the demodulator.
It is desirable to have wideband receiver systems that can increase the dynamic range without requiring expensive data conversion, filtering and channel selection at the demodulator.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention includes a wideband receiver system that is configured to concurrently receive multiple radio frequency (RF) channels including a number of desired channels that are located in non-contiguous portions of a frequency spectrum and group the desired channels in a contiguous or substantially-contiguous frequency band at an intermediate frequency spectrum, where the term “substantially-contiguous” includes spacing the desired channels close to each other (e.g. as a fraction of the total system bandwidth, or relative to a channel bandwidth) but with a spacing that can be variable to accommodate the needs of overall system. The term “contiguous” heretofore encompasses “substantially-contiguous.” The term “spacing” is referred to as the frequency difference between adjacent channels. The system includes a wideband receiver having a complex mixer module for down-shifting the multiple RF channels and transforming them to an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal in the baseband or low intermediate frequency (IF) band. The system further includes a wideband analog-to-digital converter module that digitizes the in-phase and quadrature signals. The digital in-phase and quadrature signals are provided to a digital frontend module that contains a bank of complex mixers that frequency-shift the number of desired channels to a baseband where the desired channels are individually filtered.
The digital frontend module may also include a decimator module that decimates the desired RF channels by a factor M before demodulating them to a digital data stream.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the wideband receiver system additionally includes an up-converter module having multiple complex up-mixers, each of the complex up-mixers is configured to frequency up-shift each one of the desired RF channels to a sub-portion of an IF spectrum, wherein all sub-portions of the desired channels are adjacent to each another and form a contiguous frequency band in the IF spectrum. The act of frequency shifting the desired channels to the IF spectrum allows the wideband receiver system to directly interface with commercially available demodulators. Allowing the spacing of the desired channels in the contiguous spectrum to be variable allows a system to optimize placement of these desired channels for the purposes of avoiding sensitive portions of the spectrum which may either be vulnerable to spurious signals and interference; or which may generate interference directly or as a harmonic product, to other systems.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a multi-tuner receiver system having two or more tuners is provided to receive multiple desired RF channels that extend over several non-contiguous sub-portions of a broad frequency spectrum and group them into a contiguous frequency spectrum. The multi-tuner system includes at least a first tuner that processes a first sub-portion of the broad frequency spectrum into a first in-phase signal and a first quadrature signal and a second tuner that processes a second sub-portion of the broad frequency spectrum into a second in-phase signal and a second quadrature signal. The multi-tuner receiver system further includes a first analog-to-digital converter module that digitizes the first in-phase and quadrature signals and a second analog-to-digital converter module that digitizes the second in-phase and quadrature signals. In addition, the multi-tuner system includes a first digital frontend module having a first number of complex mixers corresponding to a first number of the desired RF channels located in the first sub-portion of the broad frequency spectrum and a second digital frontend module having a second number of complex mixers corresponding to a second number of the desired RF channels located in the second sub-portion of the broad frequency spectrum. The first digital frontend module frequency shifts the first number of the desired RF channels to a first plurality of baseband signals and the second digital frontend module frequency shifts the second number of the desired RF channels to a second plurality of baseband signals.
The multi-tuner system further includes a first up-converter module having a plurality of N complex mixers, wherein N is an integer value equal to the number of desired channel. The first up-converter module frequency up-shifts the first plurality of the baseband signals to a first portion of an intermediate frequency. In addition, the multi-tuner system includes a second up-converter module that frequency up-shifts the second plurality of the baseband signals to a second portion of an intermediate frequency. The first and the second portions of the intermediate frequency are non-overlapping and located adjacent to each other to form a contiguous intermediate frequency (IF) band. The multi-tuner system further includes a digital-to-analog converter that converts the contiguous IF band to an analog waveform signal.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional wideband tuner;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wideband receiver system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of a complex down-mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic block diagram of a wideband receiver system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified circuit diagram of a complex up-mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary digital front end according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary tiled up-converter module according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail;
FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system 1000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wideband receiver system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wideband receiver system 200 includes a radio front end 210 and a digital front end 230. Radio front end 210 may be a single very wide-band tuner receiver that captures the desired swath of channels located in non-contiguous portions of the spectrum having a frequency bandwidth BW1 120. In this example, the number of available channels in BW1 120 are assumed to be 10 with each channel occupying an 8 MHz bandwidth for a total of 80 MHz. Radio front end 210 is shown as including a low noise amplifier LNA 202 having an input terminal configured to receive an RF input signal 102. In the example shown, RF signal 102 includes four desired RF channels having the respective carrier frequency frf1, frf2, frf3, and frf4 that are located in non-contiguous portions of the wide frequency spectrum BW1. It is understood, however, that spectrum BW1 120 may have any other number of desired frequencies that are not contiguous. LNA 202 has a very low noise figure and very high linearity and a wide tuning range (i.e., very high IIP2 and IIP3 intercept points) to maximize a signal-to-noise-and distortion ratio (SNDR) at the amplifier output. LNA 202 may have a programmable gain to amplify RF signal 102 to adequate voltage levels for mixers M1 211 and M2 221.
Mixers M1 211 and M2 221 may be conventional mixers formed using, for example, differential Gilbert cells. Each of the mixers 211 and 221 multiplies (mixes) a amplified RF signal 203 with a respective first oscillator frequency signal 205 and a second oscillator frequency signal 207 to generate an in-phase signal 212 and a quadrature signal 222 that have a phase shift of 90° degree between them. Mixers 211 and 221 are identical so that the amplitude of the in-phase signal 212 and quadrature signal 222 are the same. The first and second oscillator frequencies 205 and 207 are identical and have a 90° degree phase shift generated through a 90° degree phase shifter P1 206. Synthesizer S1 may be a single local oscillator operable to generate the oscillator frequency 205 for converting the receive RF signal 102 to a zero-IF or low-IF band. Synthesizer S1 can be a coarse (large step) phase locked loop. Synthesizer S1 can also be programmable to cover the wideband frequency of the analog and digital terrestrial broadcast and/or the cable television system. The RF signal 102 may have relatively uniform signal strength in a cable network. However, its signal strength may extend in several orders of magnitude in a terrestrial broadcast system, thus, LNA 202 and/or mixers M1 211, M2 221 are required to have a relatively high dynamic range to handle the large variations in the signal strength.
In-phase signal 212 and quadrature signal 222 are further amplified and filtered by respective amplifiers V1 213, V2 223 and filters F1 215, F2 225 to generate a filtered in-phase signal 216 and a filtered quadrature signal 226. Filters F1 215 and F2 225 may be passive or active low-pass filters to filter out any unwanted frequency components of the signals 214 and 224 before digitizing them for further processing in digital front end 230. It is understood that the in-phase path 216 and the quadrature path 226 must have the same amplitude spectrum and maintain a fixed phase relationship, i.e., amplifiers V1 213, V2 223 and filters F1 215, F2 225 must be substantially identical. Because the two paths 216 and 226 are in quadrature, the spectral components from both positive and negative frequencies can be overlaid so that the bandwidth (cutoff frequency) of filters F1 215 and F2 225 can be one half of the BW1 bandwidth 120.
Analog-to-digital converters ADC1 218 and ADC2 228 are high-speed (i.e., high sampling rate) converters to maximize the dynamic range. In an exemplary application, radio front end 210 operates as a nominal zero-IF down-mixer so that signals 216 and 226 have a nominal bandwidth 290 equal to one half of the RF signal bandwidth BW1 thanks to the complex down-mixer architecture. In other embodiment, radio front end 210 operates as a low-IF down-mixer so that the nominal bandwidth 290 of signals 216 and 226 is greater than one half of the bandwidth BW1. In practice, the sampling rate of ADC1 218 and ADC2 228 is chosen to be higher than the Nyquist sampling requirement, i.e., the filtered analog quadrature signals 216 and 226 may be over-sampled in order to reduce or avoid aliasing of undesired signals into the digitized I and Q signals.
ADC1 218 generates a digital signal I 232 that is a digital representation of the analog filtered signal 216; ADC2 228 generates a digital signal Q 242 that is a digital representation of the analog filtered signal 226. Digital signals I 232 and Q 242 are then applied to a bank of N complex mixers 250, wherein N is an integer value corresponding to the number of desired RF channels located in the non-contiguous portions of the frequency spectrum BW1. It is understood that the number N can be any integer value. In one embodiments, N can be equal to the number of all available channels that exist in the licensed frequency spectrum to provide system flexibility. In other embodiments, N can be equal to the number of all receivable channels within a geographic area. In yet another embodiments, N can be an integer value less than the number of receivable channels with the geographic area to reduce system costs. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the number of desired channels are 4. That is, each of the 4 complex mixers 250 mixes in-phase and quadrature signals 232 and 242 with an associated frequency to generate a corresponding baseband, which is then individually filtered, decimated and provided to an associated demodulator.
Each of the N complex mixers 250 receives the digital signals I 232 and Q 242 from ADCs 218 and 228 to extract a different one of the desired channels and frequency-shifts the extracted signals to the baseband frequency. Each of the frequency shifted desired channels 252 is filtered by an associated filter module (identified as 260a to 260n). In an embodiment, each of the filtered signals 260a to 260n may be sent directly to an associated demodulator (identified as 270a to 270n) for extracting the original information transmitted in the associated desired channel. In another embodiment, each of the filtered signals 262a to 262n is further decimated before providing to a demodulator. A path of digital front end 230 is described in more detail below.
FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of one of the signal paths 272a to 272n of digital front end 230 shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, digital signal I 232 may be further filtered by a filter 311 to obtain a filtered signal 312. Similarly, digital signal Q 242 may be further filtered by a filter 321 to obtain a filtered signal 322. Thus, digital signals 312 and 322 only contain low-frequency components with undesired high-frequency components being eliminated by respective filters 311 and 321. It is noted that filtered signals 312 and 322 are interposed between the respective ADCs 218, 228 and the bank of N complex mixers 250.
Mixer 300, which represents one of the N complex mixers 250, includes four multipliers 313, 315, 323, and 325. Multipliers 313 and 315 multiply the filtered signal 312 with respective cos(ωcit) and sin(ωcit) signals and generate respective products 314 and 316. Similarly, multipliers 323 and 325 multiply the filtered Q signal 322 with respective cos(ωcit) and sin(ωcit) signals and generate respective products 324 and 326. An adder 317 sums the products 314 and 326 to generate a frequency-shifted signal I 318. An adder 327 sums the products 324 and 316 to generate a frequency-shifted signal Q 328. Basically, complex mixer 300 causes a frequency shift of the filtered components 312 and 322 to respective baseband signals 318 and 328 in the digital domain according to the operation:

Y(t)=X(t)*e−jωct  (1)

or taken the Fourier transform, we obtain:

Y(ω)=X(ω−ωc)  (2)

Multipliers 313, 315, 323, and 325 are identical digital multipliers. In an embodiment, a numerically controlled oscillator with quadrature output generates the cos(ωcit) and sin(ωcit) signals. Numerically controlled oscillators (NCO) can be implemented using a phase accumulator and a look-up table. NCOs are known to those of skill in the art and will not be described herein. The frequency ωci is so chosen that each one of the desired channels embedded in the digital signals I 232 and Q 242 will be downshifted to the baseband. In the given example shown in FIG. 2, the bank of N complex mixers will have four complex mixers, each one of the N (i.e., four) complex mixers is coupled to an individual NCO having a distinct frequency ωci so that when mixing the filtered digital I and Q signals 312 and 322 with that frequency, each one of the complex mixers will generate the signals I (318) and Q (328) of a corresponding one of the desired channels at the baseband.
In an embodiment, baseband signals 318 and 328 are further individually filtered by respective filters 330 and 340 that are identified as one of the filters 260a-n in FIG. 2. Filters 330 and 340 may be band-pass or low-pass filters having a narrow bandwidth equal to the bandwidth of a desired channel. In certain embodiments, filters 330 and 340 can be analog passive or active low-pass or complex band-pass filters such as polyphase filters. In another embodiment, filters 330 and 340 can be digital low-pass filters, such as finite impulse response (FIR) filters to eliminate high frequency components that may be aliased back to the baseband signals Ii (332) and Qi (342) when decimated by subsequent decimator 350.
The reduced sampling rate of the N desired baseband channels will be sent as a serial or parallel digital data stream to a demodulator using a serial or parallel data interface according to commonly known methods, as shown in FIG. 2. This approach provides several advantages over conventional tuner architectures. First, it eliminates the need of expensive data conversion, filtering and channel selection on the demodulator side. Second, it removes undesired channels from the signal path at an early stage, thus relieves the large dynamic range requirement in the demodulator.
FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic block diagram of a wideband receiver system 400 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Wideband receiver system 400 includes a radio front end 410, a digital front end 430, a tiled up-conversion module 450, and a summing digital-to-analog converter module DAC 470. Radio front end 410 includes a low noise amplifier LNA1 that receives an RF input signal 102 and provides an amplified RF signal 403 to mixers M1 411 and M2 421. Mixer M1 411 is coupled to an oscillator frequency 405 of a synthesizer S1 whereas mixer M2 421 is coupled with the oscillator frequency 405 via a phase shifter P1 406 that generates a 90° degree phase-shift to the oscillator frequency 405. Mixers M1 411 and M2 421 generate respective in-phase signal 412 and quadrature signal 422 that are further amplified by respective amplifiers V1 413 and V2 423. The amplified in-phase and quadrature signals 414, 424 are then filtered by filters F1 415 and F2 425 to eliminate undesired frequency components that would be aliased back to the in-phase and quadrature signals when digitally sampled by subsequent analog-to-digital converters ADC1 418 and ADC2 428. Digital signals I 422 and Q 442 at the input of digital front end 430 are digital representations of the filtered analog in-phase and quadrature signals 416, 426 before the ADCs. Digital front end 430 include a bank of N complex mixers 432 comprising 432a to 432n identical mixers, where N is an integer value corresponding to the number of the desired channels located in non-contiguous portions of the frequency spectrum. Each of the N complex mixers 432a to 432n frequency down-converts signals I 432 and Q 442 to an associated baseband. Each of the frequency down-converted I and Q signals are coupled to respective low-pass, band-pass, or decimating filters 434. In this regard, the radio front end 410 and the digital front end 430 are similar to respective radio front end 210 and digital front end 230 of FIG. 2 that have been described in detail above.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the N filtered and decimated channels 438a to 438n (where indices a to n correspond to the associated number of desired channels) are not provided to a demodulator for demodulation. Instead, the N filtered and decimated channels 438a to 438n are further frequency up-converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) spectrum. In order to achieve that, the N filtered and decimated channels are coupled to a tiled up-conversion module 450 that includes a bank of N complex up-mixers, where N is an integer value correspond to the number of desired received channels. The N complex up-mixers include identical digital mixers 452a to 452n that will be described further in detail below with reference to FIG. 5. The N up-shifted channels are then filtered by a subsequent bank of channel filters 454 that, in an embodiment, comprises N individual finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The N filtered channels are then digitally combined and converted to the analog domain by a summing digital-to-analog converter module DAC 470. The N up-shifted channels are adjacent to each other and form a contiguous or substantially-contiguous set of channels 475 in the IF spectrum centered around fif as illustrated in FIG. 4. In an embodiment, the spectra of the mixed products are spaced in such a way so as to avoid overlap with known frequency bands containing potential or actual interferers. In another embodiment, the spectra of the mixed products are spaced in such a way so as to avoid overlap with frequency bands that might introduce interference to other systems. In general, because the bandwidth BW2 is substantially lower than BW1, the IF frequency fif can be set proportionally lower, e.g., typically about 16 MHz to accommodate the spectrum of BW2 of up to 32 MHz (corresponding to the total bandwidth of the four desired channels, each having a bandwidth of 8 MHz in this example).
The up-conversion approach of FIG. 4 provides several advantages over conventional tuner architectures. First, it allows the demodulator to operate the data converter at a lower data rate and with lower resolution (fewer bits) due to the fact that the contiguous channels have a narrower bandwidth. Second, the up-conversion approach provides full compatibility with existing demodulators that require an analog IF signal. Third, it removes undesired channels from the signal path at an early stage, thus relieves the requirement of a high dynamic range requirement of the demodulator's analog-to-digital converter and the demodulator itself.
FIG. 5 shows a simplified exemplary circuit diagram of a complex up-mixer 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Up-mixer 500 is one of the N complex up-mixers 452a to 452n in tiled up-conversion module 450 shown in FIG. 4. Up-mixer 500 includes filter 510 and 520 configured to eliminate unwanted frequency components present in respective input signals I 501 and Q 502. Filtered signals 512 and 522 are provided to up-mixers UMI 515 and UMQ 525 that multiply the filtered signals 512 and 522 with respective cos(ωut) and sin(ωut). The products 516 and 526 are summed in an adder 530 to generate an IF signal 532 according to the following equation:

IF(t)=I(t)*cos(ωut)+Q(t)*sin(ωut)  (3)

Up-mixers UMI 515 and UMQ 525 are identical digital multipliers that multiply the respective filtered signal 512 and 522 with a cosine function 505 and a sine function 506 that can be generated from a NCO using a digital phase accumulator and a look-up table.
As described above, TV channels are grouped into multiple frequency bands in North America. For example, channels 2 through 6 are grouped in VHF-low band (aka band I in Europe), channels 7 through 13 in VHF-high band (band III), and channels 14 through 69 in UHF band (bands IV and V). In order to receive such a wide frequency spectrum, the low noise amplifier and mixer must have very low noise, wide tuning range, and high linearity as described above in the wideband receiver systems 200 and 400. However, a wideband receiver having a single tuner with high sensitivity may have a high power consumption. For certain applications, it may be advantageous to use multiple tuners that are optimized for a given frequency band, such as a dedicated tuner for the low VHF band, another dedicated tuner for the high VHF band and the UHF band, and yet other dedicated tuners for receiving the digital video broadcasting (DVB) via satellite (DVB-S), via cable (DVB-C), or terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T). The multi-tuner approach may also be advantageously applied to cable networks that carry TV programs on an 88 MHz to 860 MHz according to the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) protocol.
FIG. 6 shows a simplified schematic block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, multi-tuner system 600 includes low noise amplifier A1602 for receiving an RF input signal 601. Amplifier A1 602 is coupled to at least a tuner1 610 and a tuner2 720. In another embodiment, multi-tuner system 600 may not include amplifier 602 so that RF input signal 601 can be received directly at each tuner 610 and 720.
Tuner1 610 includes an amplifying filter AF1 613 that filters and amplifies a first portion BWtuner1 604 of a broad frequency spectrum 608 that contains a first plurality of RF channels 606 including desired channels 607 having respective channel frequencies frf1 and frf2. The first portion of the broad frequency spectrum BWtuner1 604 is then frequency down-converted to a low-IF or zero-IF in-phase signal I1 612 and a quadrature signal Q1 622 through respective mixer M1 611 and M2 621. Signals I1 612 and Q1 622 are further amplified and low-pass filtered before applying to respective analog-to-digital converters ADC1 618 and ADC2 628 that convert analog signals Ia1 616 and Qa1 626 to respective digital in-phase signal Id1 631 and digital quadrature signal Qd1 641. Because tuner1 610 only covers a portion BWtuner1 604 of the entire frequency spectrum 608 having fewer channels, the ADC1 618 and ADC2 628 can be slower-speed analog-to-digital converters with a large number of bits, i.e., large dynamic range.
Digital signals Id1 631 and Qd1 641 are then provided to a digital front end DFE 630 that includes a first bank of N complex mixers 632 and channel and decimating filters 634. The first bank of N complex filters 632 has N identical complex mixers, where N is an integer value equal to the number of desired channels located in the first portion BWtuner1 604 of the broad frequency spectrum 608. In an embodiment, each one of the first bank of N complex mixers includes four digital mixers that multiply digital stream Id1 631 and Qd1 641 with respective digitized cosine function and sine function to generate the sum and difference frequency components, as shown in FIG. 3. The digitized cosine and sine frequency, i.e., the mixer frequency is so chosen so that when mixing signals Id1 631 and Qd1 641 will move them to a baseband or a low-IF band. In an embodiment, channel and decimating filters have similar structures as filters 330 and 340 and demodulator 350 as shown in FIG. 3. That is, channel and decimating filters include digital low-pass filters 330 and 340 that eliminates unwanted high frequency components of the baseband signals I and Q prior to applying them to a decimator 350 (FIG. 3) that reduces the sample frequency without any loss of information since Id1 631 and Qd1 641 are sampled at a much higher frequency by the respective ADC1 618 and ADC2 628.
The decimated desired channels are then provided to an up-converter module 650 that includes a bank of N up-mixers. The bank of N up-mixers includes N identical up-mixers whose structure is shown in FIG. 5. In an embodiment, N is an integer value equal to the number of desired channels present in BWtuner1 604. Each one of the up-mixer frequency-shifts the baseband signals I and Q of each one of the desired channels to an appropriate portion of the intermediate frequency band according to Equation (3). In other words, the bank of N up-mixers is “frequency multiplexing” the desired channels onto a first portion 682 of an IF band 686.
Similarly, tuner2 720 includes an amplifying filter AF2 713 that is configured to receive a second portion BWtuner2 704 of the broad frequency spectrum 608. The second portion 704 contains a second plurality of RF channels 706 including a second number of desired channels. In the exemplary illustration of FIG. 6, the second portion 704 has a frequency bandwidth of BWtuner2 that contains desired channels 707 having respective channel frequencies frf3 and frf4. Tuner2 720 includes elements such as mixers M3 711, M4 721, amplifiers V3 714, V4 724, filters F3 715, F4 725 and analog-to-digital converters ADC3 731 and ADC4 741 that are substantially the same as the like-named elements of the signal path of tuner1 610. Thus, redundant description is omitted herein.
Digital in-phase signal Id2 731 and digital quadrature signal Qd2 741 are then provided to digital front end 740. Digital front end 740 includes a bank of L complex filters, where L is an integer value equal to the number of desired channels in the second portion BWtuner2 704 of the broad frequency spectrum 608. Each one of the bank of L complex filters is a digital complex mixer configured to transform the signals Id2 731 and Qd2 741 to baseband signals that are further filtered by individual digital low-pass filters such as FIR filters before decimated by a subsequent decimator. The elements of digital front end 740 are substantially similar to those described in digital front end 630. Thus, redundant description is omitted herein.
The decimated baseband I and Q channels are further provided to a subsequent up-conversion module 760 that performs a function substantially similar to that of the up-conversion module 650 already described above. The outputs of up-conversion module 650 and 760 can be tiled to generate a contiguous set of IF frequencies 682, 684 centered at fif 686. In an embodiment, the outputs of up-conversion module 650 and 760 are digitally summed and converted to an analog signal by summing DAC 670. In another embodiment, the up-conversion modules 650 and 760 and the digital summing function 672 can be performed using an inverse discrete Fourier transform or an inverse Fast Fourier transform operation.
The multi-tuner architecture provides the flexibility that multiple commercially available tuners can be used without the need of designing a wideband tuner. For example, a tuner designed for a terrestrial broadcast digital TV can be used together with a tuner dedicated to receiving a cable signal and/or a tuner for receiving a satellite broadcast signal. The multi-tuner receiver system provides an additional advantage that other tuners can be added quickly to the system to accommodate any future applications. Additionally, the multi-tuner architecture allows the use of slower speed (i.e., lower cost) analog-to-digital converters with a larger number of bits for achieving large dynamic range.
FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of an exemplary digital front end of the invention in more detail. In an embodiment, in-phase signal Id2 731 and quadrature signal Qd2 741 at the output of respective ADC converters 718 and 728 are provided to each of the L complex mixers 732 comprising mixers 732A to 732L. A more detailed description of each of L complex mixers is shown in FIG. 3. Mixer 732A multiplies Id2 731 and Qd2 741 with a cosine signal and a sine signal that are generated from an NCO1 and produces an I-732A signal and a Q-732A signal that are further individually filtered by an FIR filter before decimating. The bank of L complex mixers corresponds to the block 732 in FIG. 6; and the set of FIR filters and decimator corresponds to the block 734 in FIG. 6. Each decimated pair of I-732i/M in the baseband, where the index “i” is from A to L, is further provided to a subsequent up-mixer for frequency-shifting to an intermediate frequency as shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a bank of L complex up-mixers according to the present invention. Each decimated pair of complex signals I-732i/M and Q-732i/M is provided to an associated complex up-mixer, whose frequency is so chosen that when mixing with the pair of complex signals I-732i/M and Q-732i/M will generate an associated channel at a predetermined sub-portion of the intermediate frequency band 686 (FIG. 6). A more detailed schematic block of one of the L up-mixers is described above together with FIG. 5.
FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, system 900 includes a crossbar switch 910 having at least an input terminal 912 configured to receive signals from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 912 and an input terminal 922 configured to receive signals from an ADC 922. Crossbar switch 910 also includes an output terminal 924 that is coupled to a digital front end 930. In an embodiment, input terminals 912 and 922 of crossbar switch 910 have P inputs, where P is an integer value that is equal to the total number of desired channels received by tuner1 610 and tuner2 720. Output terminal 924 of crossbar switch 910 have Q outputs, where Q is an integer value that is equal to the total number of desired channels received by tuner1 610 and tuner2 720.
In an embodiment, digital front end 930 may include a bank of R complex mixers that frequency shifts the received channels to a baseband. Digital front end 930 may combine digital front end 630 and 740 shown in FIG. 6. Similarly, a tiled up-conversion module 950 may include up-converter modules 650 and 760 of FIG. 6.
System 900 further includes a summing DAC that operates similarly as summing DAC 470 and 670 that have been described in detail in relation with respective FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 above. Thus, redundant description is omitted herein.
FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a wideband multi-tuner receiver system 1000 according to another embodiment of the present invention. System 1000 includes at least tuner1 610 coupled with digital front end 630 through an analog-to-digital converter 620 and tuner2 720 coupled with digital front end 740 through an analog-to-digital converter 730. System 1000 further includes a crossbar switch 1010 that is interposed between digital front ends 630, 740 and up-conversion modules 650, 760. Crossbar switch 1010 includes an input terminal 1012 having S inputs coupled with DFE 630 and an input terminal 1022 having T inputs coupled with DFE 740. In an embodiment, S is an integer value equal to the number of desired channels processed in DFE 630 and T is an integer value equal to the number of desired channels processed in DFE 740. Crossbar switch 1010 further includes an output terminal 1024 having U outputs coupled with up-converter module 650 and an output terminal 1024 having V outputs coupled with up-converter module 760. In an embodiment, the total number of the outputs U and V is equal to the sum of the inputs S and T. Thus, crossbar switch 1010 allows the routing of any channel from either DFE 630 or DFE 740 to up-converters 650 or 760. It is understood that system 1000 is not as flexible as system 900 because DFE 630 and DFE 740 are already pre-assigned to respective tuner1 (610) and tuner2 (720). However, this pre-assigned arrangement allows a simpler implementation of crossbar switch 1010 that operates at lower speeds.
While several embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been described, it is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

## Claims

1. A wideband receiver system comprising:
a wideband receiver configured to concurrently receive a plurality of desired RF channels located in non-contiguous portions of an RF spectrum; said wideband receiver comprising:
a mixer module coupled to the plurality of desired RF channels and having a first mixer configured to generate an in-phase signal and a second mixer configured to generate a quadrature signal;
a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module having a first wideband ADC coupled with the in-phase signal and configured to generate a digitalized in-phase signal and a second wideband ADC coupled with the quadrature signal and configured to generate a digitalized quadrature signal; and
a digital frontend (DFE) module having a plurality of complex mixers coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals, each one of the plurality of complex mixers frequency-shifting a different one of the plurality of the desired RF channels to form a contiguous spectrum of channels.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprises a local oscillator having an oscillator frequency centered around the plurality of the desired RF channels.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the local oscillator comprises a phase-locked loop.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of desired RF channels conform to a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) protocol.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein each one of the plurality of complex mixers comprises a pair of digital multipliers, each pair of the digital multipliers is coupled to a numerically controlled oscillator.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the DFE module further comprises a plurality of channel filters, each one of the plurality of channel filters is coupled to each one of the plurality of complex mixers and configured to filter one of the plurality of the desired channels.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein each one of the plurality of channel filters is a finite impulse response filter.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the DFE module further comprises a decimator module configured to decimate each one of the plurality of the desired channels in the baseband.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the DFE module further comprises a digital interface module configured to communicate the decimated plurality of the desired channels to a demodulator.

10. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
an up-converter module configured to frequency-shift the plurality of desired RF channels in the baseband to an intermediate frequency band.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the up-converter module comprises a plurality of N up-mixers having a plurality of associated oscillator frequencies,
wherein N is an integer value equal to the plurality of the desired RF channels;
wherein the plurality of associated oscillator frequencies are so chosen so that when mixing with the plurality of desired channels in the baseband, the mixed products occupy a contiguous frequency spectrum, or a substantially-contiguous frequency spectrum with one or more spacings between the desired channels,
wherein the one or more spacings are variable, and
wherein the one or more spacings are smaller than or comparable to a channel bandwidth, or small measured as a fraction of the bandwidth of the first and second wideband ADCs.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the mixed products comprise spectra that are spaced in such a way so as to avoid overlap with known frequency bands containing potential or actual interferers.

13. The system of claim 11 wherein the mixed products comprise spectra that are spaced in such a way so as to avoid overlap with known frequency bands that introduce interference to other systems.

14. The system of claim 11 wherein each one of the plurality of N up-mixers is a digital complex mixer and each one of the plurality of associated oscillator frequencies is generated by a numerically controlled oscillator.

15. The system of claim 1 further comprises a digital-to-analog converter configured to convert the contiguous spectrum of channels in the intermediate frequency spectrum to an analog waveform.

16. A multi-tuner receiver system for receiving a plurality of desired radio frequency (RF) channels that extend over multiple non-contiguous portions of a broad frequency spectrum and grouping them in a contiguous frequency spectrum, the system comprising:
a first tuner configured to receive a first portion of the broad frequency spectrum, the first tuner includes a first mixer module coupled to a first oscillator and is configured to generate a first in-phase signal and a first quadrature signal;
a second tuner configured to receive a second portion of the broad frequency spectrum, the second tuner includes a second mixer module coupled to a second oscillator and is configured to generate a second in-phase signal and a second quadrature signal;
a first analog-to-digital converter module configured to digitize the first in-phase and quadrature signals;
a second analog-to-digital converter module configured to digitize the second in-phase and quadrature signals;
a first digital frontend (DFE) module having a first bank of down-mixers coupled to the first digital in-phase and quadrature signals, each of the first bank of down-mixers is configured to frequency shift one of the desired RF channels in the first portion of the broad frequency spectrum; and
a second digital frontend (DFE) module having a second bank of down-mixers coupled to the second digital in-phase and quadrature signals, each of the second bank of down-mixers is configured to frequency shift one of the desired RF channels in the second portion of the broad frequency spectrum;
wherein the first DFE module frequency-shifts the desired RF channels in the first portion of the broad frequency spectrum to a first portion of a baseband signal;
wherein the second DFE module frequency-shifts the desired RF channels in the second portion of the broad frequency spectrum to a second portion of the baseband signal.

17. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 further comprising a crossbar switch interposed between the first and second analog-to-digital converter modules and the first and second DFE modules.

18. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 further comprises:
a first up-converter module having a first bank of up-mixers coupled to the first portion of the baseband signal and configured to frequency shift the first portion of the baseband signal to a first portion of an intermediate frequency spectrum;
a second up-converter module having a second bank of up-mixers coupled to the second portion of the baseband signal and configured to frequency shift the second portion of the baseband signal to a second portion of the intermediate frequency spectrum; and
a digital-to-analog converter configured to convert the first and second portions of the intermediate frequency spectrum to an analog waveform signal.

19. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 18 further comprising a crossbar switch interposed between the first and second DFE modules and the first and second up-converter modules.

20. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein the first and second portions are adjacent to each other and non-overlapping.

21. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein each one of the first bank of down-mixers comprises a pair of digital multiplier having an input terminal coupled to a numerically controlled oscillator.

22. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein the first DFE module further comprises a plurality of channel filters, each one of the plurality of channel filters is coupled to each one of the first bank of down-mixers and configured to filter one of the frequency down-shifted RF channels.

23. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein the plurality of desired RF channels conform to one of a digital video broadcasting (DVB) standard.

24. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein the plurality of desired RF channels conform to a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) protocol.

25. The multi-tuner receiver system of claim 16 wherein the plurality of RF channels conform to a television broadcasting standard.

26. A method of receiving a plurality of radio frequency (RF) channels including a number of desired channels that are located in non-contiguous portions of a frequency spectrum, the method comprising:
concurrently receiving the plurality of RF channels;
producing an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal by mixing the plurality of RF channels with a first oscillator frequency and a second local frequency;
digitizing the in-phase and quadrature signals; and
grouping the desired channels to a contiguous frequency spectrum by frequency down-shifting the digital in-phase and quadrature signals using a number of complex mixers,
wherein the first and second oscillator frequencies are identical and have a phase shift of 90° degree between them,
wherein the number of complex mixers corresponds to the number of desired channels.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprises:
frequency up-shifting the contiguous frequency spectrum to an intermediate frequency.