Opinion issued August 13, 2013.

In The

Court of Appeals 

For The 

First District of Texas 

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NO. 01-13-00442-CR

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IN RE RANDELL GLEN LAWS, Relator

Original Proceeding on Petition for Writ of Mandamus

MEMORANDUM OPINION

On August 6, 2004, relator, Randell Glen Laws, was convicted of murder and 

the trial court assessed punishment at 99 years’ confinement. This Court affirmed 

his conviction on February 2, 2006. See Laws v. State, No. 01-04-00847-CR (Tex. 

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 2, 2006) (not designated for publication). In this petition 
2

for writ of mandamus, relator contends that the 2004 judgment1 was erroneous because 

the trial court incorrectly made a deadly weapon finding and requests that this Court 

correct the “erroneously added Deadly Weapon Finding.”

If relator is requesting that this Court alter the judgment from his final 

conviction, we cannot do so. Laws seeks relief from a final felony conviction. This 

Court is without jurisdiction to grant such relief because the exclusive remedy for 

final felony convictions is a writ of habeas corpus. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.

ANN. art. 11.07 (West 2005); Bd. of Pardons & Paroles ex rel. Keene v. Court of 

Appeals for the Eighth Dist., 910 S.W.2d 481, 483 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995); In re 

McAfee, 53 S.W.3d 715, 717–18 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, orig. 

proceeding). Only the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has jurisdiction in final 

post-conviction habeas corpus proceedings. See TEX.CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 

11.07; Bd. of Pardons & Paroles ex rel. Keene, 910 S.W.2d at 483; In re McAfee, 

53 S .W.3d at 717–18. 

If relator is requesting that we review by mandamus the trial court’s denial 

of his request for a judgment nunc pro tunc,2he has not shown himself entitled to 

 

1

In April 2013, the trial court signed a judgment nunc pro tunc, which gave the 

relator an additional 15 days’ jail time credit, but which in no way affected the 

remaining portions of the 2004 judgment, including the deadly weapon finding.

2

See Ex parte Ybarra, 149 S.W.3d 147, 148–49 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (emphasis 

added) (holding that review of trial court action or inaction on motion for 

judgment by nunc pro tunc is by petition for writ of mandamus to court of 

appeals).
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such relief. To obtain a judgment nunc pro tunc, relator would have to demonstate 

that his motion for judgment nunc pro tunc was to correct a clerical error. A 

judgment nunc pro tunc should be issued only if the record is clear and convincing 

that a clerical error was made. See Riner v. Briargrove Park Prop. Owners, 

Inc.,976 S.W.2d 680, 682 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, no pet.). The 

court of criminal appeals has described the purpose of a judgment nunc pro tunc as 

follows:

The traditional purpose of a judgment nunc pro tunc is “to correctly 

reflect from the records of the court a judgment actually made by it, 

but which for some reason was not entered of record at the proper 

time.” A court cannot grant a judgment nunc pro tunc to “change a 

court’s records to reflect what it believes should have been done.” 

Therefore, “there must be proof that the proposed judgment was 

actually rendered or pronounced at an earlier time.” Moreover, a 

judgment nunc pro tunc may fix only clerical, not judicial errors. The 

difference between the two, itself a question of law, “depends on the 

nature of the error, not on who made the error.” Judicial errors result 

from “judicial reasoning.” If the trial judge must “exercise discretion 

or resolve conflicting legal claims,” then he or she has exercised 

judicial reasoning. In contrast, a trial judge commits a clerical error 

if her or she unintentionally fails to do some required, ministerial 

action “that is so obviously spelled out that the judge would not have 

any discretion about whether or not to perform the duty. 

State v. Schmitt, No. PD-0594-1, 2012 WL 3996813 (Tex. Crim. App. Sept. 12, 

2012) (not designated for publication). Relator alleges that the trial court did not 

have the legal authority to include a deadly weapon in the 2004 judgment, and that 

such an error was a clerical error that the trial court should have corrected by 

deleting the deadly weapon in a nunc pro tunc judgment.
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However, nothing in the record shows that the trial court accidentally 

included the deadly weapon finding in the 2004 judgment or that a clerical and 

ministerial duty was involved. Indeed, the trial court’s decision to include the 

deadly weapon finding, whether correct or erroneous, was based on the trial court’s 

decision that it had the legal authority to do so. Therefore, the trial court’s 

inclusion of the deadly weapon finding in the 2004 judgment was a judicial 

determination by the trial court. As such, the deadly weapon finding cannot be 

deleted by the trial court by way of judgment nunc pro tunc, and the trial court did 

not err in denying relator’s request for a judgment nunc pro tunc.

Accordingly, we deny the petition for writ of mandamus, and we dismiss all 

pending motions as moot.

PER CURIAM

Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Sharp and Massengale.

Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).