# FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLASTS ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS

LawrenceBerkeley Laboratory February 24, 1995
INPUT DATA Basic Data Electricity Prices. Sectoral electricity prices in $1994/kilowatt

-hour come from the Annual Energy Outlook 1994' projectedfor theyear 2000. All ballasts except those driving F96 T12HO lamps are assumed to operate in the commercial sector with an electricity price of $0 .075/kWh. Based on comments submitted to DoE by the Advance Transformer Company, F96 T12HO ballasts are assumed to operate in the industrial sector, with an electricity price of$0.05/kWh. For F96 T12 lamps, calculations have been done with thecommercial sector price,with a sensitivity analysis using the industrial sector price. Annual LightingHours. Commercial sector annual lighting hours of operation by building type for fluorescent ballasts come primarily from Energy Information Administration (EIA) calculations that supplementEIA publishedlighting datafor thecommercial sector2

. Industrial sector lighting hours, as well as commercial sector hours for some building types,come from comments submitted to DoE by Advance. F 32 T8 and F40 T12 lamps operate in a variety of building types (office, retail, school, college, health,restaurant,lodging, etc.). Hours of operation from EIA are weighted based on estimated year 2000 ballast sales to each buildingtype (obtained from an average of estimates provided by luminaire companies in a surveyby theLighting Research Institute,LRI). Hours of operation for each building type are from EIA as reported by LBL3. The weighted

-average of the annual lighting hours is approximately 4100 hours per year. F96 T12 lamps are assumed to operate in some retail stores, based on comments by Advance. We average their categories for 12 hour and 24 hour retail stores to 6500 hours per year. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been performed using the industrial sector assumptions of 4000 hours per year (see below).

'DOE/EIA. 1994. Annual Energy Outlook 1994. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy,Washington,D.C. DOE/ EIA-0383(94). 2DOE/EIA. 1992

. Lighting in Commercial Buildings

. Energy Information Administration,U.S. Department of Energy,Washington, D.C. DOE/ EIA-0555(92)/1. 3"Technology Data Characterizing Lighting in Commercial Buildings," Sezgen et al, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley CA, May 1994. LBL-34243. 1

# F96 T12HO lamps are assumed to operate in the industrial sector, based on Advance's comments.

We averaged their categories for single-shift and two-shift factory to 4000 hours per year.
Labor Ratesare from Means Electrical Cost Data 1994. Lamps are assumed to be changed by an electrician's helper whose rate including overhead and profit is $29.35/hour. Half of all ballasts are changed by an electrician's helper and the other half by an electrician at $42.10/hour in both the commercial and industrial sectors.
Real Discount Ratesrequested by DoE are 4, 8, and 12 percent: Lamp equipment and labor costs and total life cycle costs are calculated at these 3 discount rates. Total installed cost is reported at 8 percent. Payback is calculated at 8 percent. .
Period. The period for this analysis is the ballast service life, which is the ballast rated lifetime of 48,000 hours divided by the annual lighting hours. The period thus varies by ballast type, and by sensitivity analysis assumptions. Product Classes and Design Options The analysis categorizes fluorescent ballasts by product class. Each product class represents ballasts that operate specific numbers of specific fluorescent lamp types. These lamp types are F40 T12, F96 T12, F96 T12HO, and F32 T8. Each four-foot lamp type is analyzed separately for 1-lamp, 2-lamp, 3-lamp and 4-lamp ballasts. Eight-foot lamp types are analyzed for 2-lamp ballasts. The product classes are Fluorescent Ballasts with: One F40 T 12/RE70 Lamp 2. One F40 T 12/ES Lamp 3. Two F40 T12/,RE70 Lamps 4. Two F40 T 12/ES Lamps 5. Three F40 T12/RE70 Lamps 6. Three F40 T12/ES Lamps 7. Four F40 T 12/RE70 Lamps (8. Four F40 T12/ES Lamps) 9. Two F96 T 12/RE70 Lamps 10. Two F96 T 12/ES Lamps 11. Two F96 T12HO/RE70 Lamps 12. Two F96 T12HO/ES Lamps 13. One F32 T8 Lamp 14. Two F32 T8 Lamps 15. Three F32 T8 Lamps 16. Four F32 T8 Lamps

2

# RE70 lamps are rare earth phosphor fluorescent lamps with a color rendering index of 70. These

lamps were chosen for the ballasts driving full-wattage lamps, since the standard halophosphor T12 lamps will be obsolete under the Energy Policy Act in November 1995. Since reduced-wattage (ES) lamps using halophosphors will still be available, these lamps are used for their respective product classes. Note that Product Class 8 has not been analyzed due to lack of data as described below. For each Product Class, up to fourdesign optionsare analyzed. These includea Baselineand several design options to which the baseline is compared. Each design option represents a fluorescent ballast technology. The design options analyzed are: Energy-Efficient Magnetic (Baseline) Cathode Cutout4 Electronic Rapid Start Electronic Instant Start Maximum Efficiency The Maximum Efficiency design option represents the most efficient ballast in that product class. For electronic rapid start and electronic instant start ballasts, two design options are analyzed. One represents an efficiency level met by 50 percent of ballasts on the market in that product class. The other represents a level met by 90 percent of ballasts; 10% of ballasts on the market in that product class do not meet this efficiency level. These design options are designated by "50%" or " 10%" in the tables. Ballast Efficiency Data
ANSI Wattsrepresent the wattage of the lamp/ballast combination in open air, eg. under ANSI test conditions of 25 degrees C ambient temperature. These "LBL ANSI Watts" were obtained from a combination of data supplied by NEMA and from publicly available databases, as described in Data Development below.
Fixture Wattsrepresent the wattage of the lamp/ballast combination in the fixture. See Fixture Watts Corrections below for an explanation of their derivation. Normalized Fixture Wattsrepresent the wattage necessary to produce equivalent light output to that of the baseline (energy-efficient magnetic) ballast, whose ballast factor (BF) is 0.95. The adjustment is performed by multiplying fixture watts by the ratio of baseline BF to design option BF. The Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF) remains the same for each option. Normalized Watts are not dependent on
'For some product classes there is no cathode cutout ballast; therefore the calculations were done for three technologies. 3

# the BF of a particular ballast, but represent the wattage necessary to achieve a BF of 0.95; this

assumes that such a ballast could actually be (or is) produced. Preliminary analysis shows that for some product classes such ballasts already exist. Ballast Manufacturer Costs. LBL has not yet received data on the ballast manufacturer costs. Data from the LRI survey will permit estimation of these costs. Data Development. For 15 of 16 product classes, LBL developed BF,ANSI Watts, Fixture Watts, Normalized Fixture Watts, and BEF values. We used data on the BF, wattage, and BEF for a large number of actual fluorescent ballast models from two primary and two secondary sources as described below. For each product class and each of the four design options, we first chose a representative BEF value as described below. Then we selected a BF value from MA data and calculated theANSI Watts from the formula: BEF = BF/W. On January 27th, MA provided ballast efficiency data for some design options for 10 product classes. They did not provide data for ballasts operating reduced-wattage ("energy saver" or ES) lamps. When these data were complete for each of the appropriate design options for a particular product class, we utilized the full MA data set. This occurred for six of ten product classes. For the F32 T8 product classes, NEMA provided two alternate data sets. One set contained BEF values met by 90 percent of electronic rapid and instant start ballasts on the market, and the other set with BEFs met by 50 percent of these ballasts. Both of these data sets were analyzed by LBL. For the four product classes for which MA data were incomplete (3-lamp F40 T12, 4-lamp F40 T12, 3-lamp F32 T8, and 4-lamp F32 T8) we utilized a combination of data submitted by NEMA on January 6th (for magnetic ballasts) and data from the January 1995 Seattle Lighting Design Lab database (for electronic ballasts). For all product classes with full-wattage lamps, most BEFs for the energy-efficient magnetic (EEM) and cathode cutout (CC) ballasts were obtained from average BEF data submitted by NEMA. For EEM and CC ballasts with ES lamps, NEMA did not supply any data; the databases available contained only electronic ballasts. Therefore, for EEM ballasts we used data obtained from manufacturer catalogs, and for CC ballasts we used New York State Energy Office data. These are probably not complete data sets for those product classes but are the best available at this time. For all electronic ballasts, we obtained data for four of the 10 product classes and for ballast operating ES lamps from the Seattle Lighting Design Lab data base. Data were not available for 4- lamp F40 T12/ES ballasts. We obtained electronic ballast 10 and 50 percentile BEFs. directly from this data base. For three- and four-lamp EEM and CC ballasts, we could not identify any currently-made ballasts. For the four-lamp case, 2 two-lamp ballasts were assumed to be used; for the three-lamp case, tandem

4

# wiring with two-lamp ballasts was assumed.

For actual ballasts from the sources described above, we selected the appropriate BEF representing either the 50 percentile or 10 percentile levels as appropriate. For electronic ballasts, we selected the BF and input Watts that corresponded to these BEFs of representative ballasts. The BF was assumed to be 95% for EEM ballasts and 86% and 83% for CC ballasts (T8 and T12 lamps, respectively). These BF values were taken from NEMA Standard LE55, as proposed by the ballast manufacturers. Wattages were calculated using these BF values and the BEFS described above. These are referred to as "LBL ANSI Watts." For the Maximum Efficiency design option, the BEF, BF, and Watts represent those of the most efficient option found in the data sources used for that product class.
Fixture Watts Corrections. Corrections were made to adjust the LBL ANSI Watts for three- and four-lamp fixtures. In calculating energy consumption, Fixture Watts must be used instead of ANSI Watts to account for differences in ballast energy consumption due to hotter temperatures in the lamp/ballast operating environment caused by the fixtures. Under standard ANSI test conditions, a lamp is in open air at 25 degrees C ambient, allowing it to operate closer to its optimal temperature. The thermal effects are different for each lamp type. Standard F40 lamps peak in efficacy at an ambient temperature only slightly higher than the ANSI 25 degrees (about 30 degrees). But 34-Watt T 12 lamps and T8 lamps seem to reach peak efficacy at an ambient temperature several degrees higher still (about 35 degrees). Electronic ballasts seem to shift the curve slightly also, but not as significantly as the lower wattage lamps. Primarily, electronic ballasts seem flatten the efficacy curve slightly, making lamp/ballast efficacy less sensitive to ambient temperature than with magnetic ballasts. These corrections were performed only for three- and four-lamp fixtures, because the temperature effects for one-and two-lamp fixtures are not significant. The F96 T12 or F96 T12HO lamps were also uncorrected since they are typically used in open-type fixtures operating close to ANSI test conditions. Two sources were used for the corrections: NEMA's LE5 and the CEC's Advanced Lighting Guidelines 1992 (ALG). These sources list "generic" fixture wattages for these major four-foot fixture types: recessed louvered, recessed lensed, and wraparound. The ALG also reports ANSI Watts for ballast/lamp combinations. LE5 data for strip fixtures was used to represent ANSI Watts for this source. The LE5 report does not contain fixture wattage information for electronic ballasts; thus, the ALG data were used for these ballasts.
5NEMA Standards Publications LE5 - 1993 Revised Procedure For Determining Luminaire Efficacy Ratings For Fluorescent Luminaires Revision 1: Draft #4: 5/16/94

# Fixture Watts were calculated by multiplying LBL ANSI Watts by the ratio of the generic fixture

wattages for the sameballast/lampcombination to the generic ANSI Watts from the same data source (see below). These corrected wattages are referred to as "LBL Fixture Watts." Weighting factors representing market shares of the three major types were 42 percent recessed louvered, 28 percent recessed lensed, and 30 percent wraparound. These are derived from a combinationof NEMA LE5 and LRIdata providedfor the LPAfor projected 1995 fixture shares. Summary of Fixture Correction Sources:

Wattagesfor all electronic ballast were corrected usingALG values Energy EfficientMagneticand Cathode-CutoutBallasts Three F32T8
LE5 data were used. ® Tandem wiring was assumed. ® CC ballasts used the same correction factors as EEM ballasts magnetic since separate data were not available.
Four F32T8 LE5 data were used. ® Two 2-lamp ballasts were assumed. Three F40T12/F40T12FS ALG data wereused because LE5 data gave incongruent results. Tandem wiring was assumed.
Four F40T12/F40T12ES LE5 data were used. Two 2-lamp ballasts were assumed. Ballast Prices LBL subcontracted with Lighting Research Institute (LRI) to develop price data for each of the lamp/ballast combinations and for each of four technologies (or design options). The options were EEM, CC magnetic, electronic rapid start and electronic instant start. LRI collected data from ballast manufacturers,lighting maintenance companies (LMCs)and fixture manufacturers (OEMs). Through a process of using original data submitted by the above entities and certain markups, LBL was informed as to how to generate prices for the various ballasts. LRI supplied average data from both

6

# LMCs and OEMs. LRI also provided markups to generate end user prices from each of those two

sources. The two sources of prices had large differences for electronic ballasts and good agreement for magnetic ballasts. The OEM electronic ballast prices are often higher than those obtained from the LMCs. The life-cycle cost analysis uses weighted prices. This decision was made after consultation with LRI's subcontractor, Jim Burke and Associates. The markups used for generating the end user price from the fixture company price data were as follows: markup to distributor 50%, distributor markup to electrical contractor 15%, and electrical contractor markup to end user 5%. For the LMCs, the markup is 20% from contractor to the end user. We weighted the two sources of prices as follows: for EEM and CC ballasts LMC prices represented were weighted by 20% and fixture companies prices by 80%; for electronics, we weighted LMC prices by 50% and fixture company prices by 50%. Prices for the Maximum Efficiency design options are assumed identical to those of the most efficacious design option in the product class. Note that EEM and CC ballast prices are considerably higher than those for electronic ballasts in the 3- and 4-lamp product classes. This is because there are no three- and four-lamp ballasts produced for these design options. Therefore, two 2-lamp ballasts are assumed to be purchased for each 4- lamp electronic ballast. One 1.5 2-lamp ballasts are purchased for each 3-lamp electronic ballast (assuming tandem-wiring.) Labor Times for Fluorescent Ballasts and Lamps Fluorescent ballasts are installed under two scenarios:
1. New Construction or Renovation Ballasts are shipped in the fixtures and installed with them. Lamps are supplied separately and installed in the fixtures. There is no difference in time to install fixtures with electronic vs. magnetic ballasts, assuming the same number of ballasts per fixture. Nor is there any difference in time to remove a fixture with two ballasts vs. one ballast. 2. Replacement (at ballast end-of-life or early replacement) Old ballasts are removed and new ones installed. Lamps are also typically changed at the same time. For 1- and 2-lamp ballasts, we assume one ballast per fixture. There is no difference between electronic and magnetic ballast installation times. For 4-lamp ballasts, we assume 2 magnetic ballasts per fixture and 1 electronic ballast per fixture. It takes 5 extra minutes to remove the 2 magnetic ballasts, no matter what type of new ballast(s) are

7

# installed. It takes an additional extra 5 minutes to install two magnetic ballasts vs. one electronic

ballast. For 3-lamp ballasts, we assume tandem-wiring for EEM and CC ballasts (1.5 ballasts per fixture) vs. one electronic ballast per fixture. This allows less ballasts to be purchased, but adds some labor time (1.5 times as much to install the new EEM and CC ballasts as the electronic ballast). To estimate the incremental time to change the ballast, we subtract the time to change one lamp from the estimated time to change the combination. The assumption used for this analysis best represents the ballast labor time for the replacement condition. Labor Times for Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts
Fluorescent Lamps TIME TO (minutes) CHANGE
4-FOOT LAMPS 1-lamp fixture 13.5 2-lamp fixture 14.0 3-lamp fixture 14.5 4-lamp fixture 15.0 8-FOOT LAMPS 1-lamp fixture 10.0 2-lamp fixture 10.5 8-FOOT HO LAMPS 1-lamp fixture 13.0 2-lamp fixture 13.5
Fluorescent Ballasts TIME TO CHANGE (minutes) 4-FOOT LAMPS Ballast Ballast + Lamps 1-lamp, 2-lamp ballasts EEM, CC 16.5 30 1 ballast per fixture Electronic 16.5 30 1 ballast per fixture 3 - lam p ballasts EEM, CC 40.0 56.5 1.5 ballasts per fixture (tandem wiring) 

# 8

# Electronic 21.5 35 1 ballast per fixture

4 - lam p ballasts EEM, CC 26.5 40 2 ballasts per fixture Electronic 21.5 35 1 ballast per fixture 8-FOOT LAMPS Magnetic 44.5 55 1 ballast per fixture Electronic 44.5 55 1 ballast per fixture 8-FOOT HO LAMPS Magnetic 46.5 60 1 ballast per fixture Electronic 46.5 60 1 ballast per fixture
OUTPUT DATA AND TABLE STRUCTURE (Tables 4.1 - 4.20) The upper tier summarizes the ballast and lamp equipment and labor costs from the lower tier below, and calculates the Annual Energy Use, Annual Electricity Costs, Payback, and Total Life Cycle Costs at 3 discount rates. The lower tier calculates the lamp equipment and labor costs over the ballast service life. This is necessary because for the F32 T8 product classes, lamp life varies by ballast type. T8 lamps operated in rapid start mode have 20,000 hours rated lamp life, while T8 lamps operated in instant start mode are rated at 15,000 hours. Lamps are assumed to be installed with the ballast and replaced several times over the ballast's lifetime. The present value of these lamp equipment and labor costs is calculated per ballast for 3 discount rates. Relamp Life is the time after which lamps are changed in a group relamping scenario. This is 70 percent of the rated lamp lifetime. See Labor Times for Lamps and Ballasts above for elaboration on these quantities. Paybackperiod is the difference between the baseline and the design option's Total Installed Costs divided by the difference between the design option and the baseline's Annual Electricity Costs. Because the Total Installed Cost includes the present value (PV) of the lamp costs over the ballast's lifetime, this is not simple payback period.
Total LCC (Life Cycle Cost) is the sum of the Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual ElectricityCostover the Period (ballast service life).Table 1.1. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with One F40 T12/RE70 Lamp 173.318

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

-Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 51.1 51.1 51.1 0.95 1.86 209 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 42.8 42.8 49.0 0.83 1.94 201 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 37.4 37.4 40.9 0.87 2.32 168 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 37.4 37.4 39.5 0.90 2.41 162 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 36.6 36.6 38.3 0.91 2.48 157 NA

Table 1.2. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with One F40 T12/ES Lamp 173.319

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 50.3 50.3 50.3 0.95 1.89 206 NA 1 Cathode-Cutout 36.7 36.7 42.0 0.83 2.26 172 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid,Start 10% 35.0 35.0 36.9 0.90 2.57 151 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 33.0 33.0 34.5 0.91 2.76 141 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 30.0 30.0 30.6 0.93 3.10 126 NATable 1.3. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F40 T12/RE70 Lamps 173.320

Design Design No. Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 88.8 88.8 88 .8 0.95 1.07 364 NA 1 Cutout 72 Cathod 2 72 2 6 83 1 5 33

e . . 82. 0. .1 9 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 72.9 72.9 80.6 0.86 1.18 331 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 71.9 71.9 79.5 0.86 1.20 326 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 70.8 70.8 77.2 0.87 1.23 317 NA

Table 1.4. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F40 T12/ES Lamps 173.321

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 76.6 76.6 76.6 0.95 1.24 314 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 62.4 62.4 71.4 0.83 1.33 293 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 65.0 65.0 71.0 0.87 1.34 291 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 58.0 58.0 67.2 0.82 1.41 276 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 60.0 60.0 66.3 0.86 1.43 272 NATable 1
. 5. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Three F40 T12 /RE70 Lamps 173.322

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 133.2 119.4 119.4 0.95 0.71 489 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 108.3 96.7 110.7 0.83 0.77 454 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 107.0 98.0 112.2 0.83 0.78 460 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 109.0 99.9 110.3 0.86 0.79 452 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 104.0 95.3 100.6 0.90 0.87 412 NA

Table 1.6. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Three F40 T12 /ES Lamps 173.323

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 114.9 109.9 109.9 0.95 0.83 450 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 93.6 89.8 102.8 0.83 0.89 421 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid'Start 10% 97.0 94.8 101.2 0.89 0.92 415 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 95.0 92.8 100.2 0.88 0.93 411 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 86.0 84.1 90.7 0.88 1.02 372 NATable 1.7. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Four F40 T12/RE70 Lamps 173.324

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 

### Energy Efficient Magnetic 177.6 166.8 166.8 0.95 0.54 684 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 144.3 141.5 161.9 0.83 0.58 664 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 146.0 133.7 147.7 0.86 0.59 605 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 146.0 133.7 146.0 0.87 0.60 599 NA 4 Maximum Efficiency 146.0 133.7 146.0 0.87 0.60 599 NATable 1.9. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12/RE70 Lamps 173.352 Commercial Sector

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 161.0 161.0 161.0 0.95 0.59 1047 NA 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 140.0 140.0 151.0 0.88 0.63 981 NA 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 136.1 136.1 145.6 0.89 0.65 946 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 129.0 129.0 142.5 0.86 0
. 67 926 NA

Table 1.9a
. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12 /RE70 Lamps 174.350

Industrial Sector

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 161.0 161
. 0 161.0 0.95 0.59 644 NA 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 140.0 140.0 151.0 .0.88 0.63 604 NA 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 136
. 1 136.1 145.6 0.89 0.65 582 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 129.0 129.0 142.5 0.86 0.67 570 NATable 1.10. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12/ES Lamps 173.353 Commercial Sector

'Design No. Design ANSI

Option Watts Fixture Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 141.8 141.8 141.8 0.95 0.67 922 NA 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 112.0 112.0 122.3 0.87 0.78 795 NA 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 111.0 111
. 0 119.8 0.88 0.79 779 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 104.0 104.0 113.6 0.87 0.84 738 NA

Table 1.10a. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12/ES Lamps 174.351

Industrial Sector

Design Design No. Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 141.8 141.8 141.8 0.95 0.67 567 NA 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 112.0 112.0 122.3 0.87 0.78 489 NA 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 111.0 111.0 119.8 0.88 0.79 479 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 104.0 104.0 113.6 0.87 0.84 454 NATable 1.11
. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12HO/RE70 Lamps 174.344

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 237.5 237.5 237.5 0.95 0.40 950 NA 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 196.3 196
. 3 221.5 0.84 0.43 886 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 195.0 195
. 0 217.9 0.85 0.44 872 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 205.5 205.5 216.9 0.90 0.44 868 NA

Table 1.12
. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F96 T12HO/ES Lamps 174.345

Design No. Design

Option ANSI Watts Fixture

Watts Normalized

Fixture Watts Ballast

Factor Ballast

Efficacy Factor (BEF) Annual

Energy Use (kWh/yr) Ballast

Manufacturer

Cost ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 246.8 246: 8 246
. 8 0.95 0.39 987 NA 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 172 .0 172. 0 196
. 9 0.83 0.48 787 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 177 .0 177.0 191.1 0. 86 0.50 764 NA 3 Maximum Efficiency 167.0 167. 0 182.4 0.87 0
. 52 729 NATable 1.13. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with One F32 T8 Lamp 174.346

Normalized . Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 39.3 39.3 39.3 0.95 2.42 161 NA 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 31.1 31.1 34.8 0.85 2.73 143 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 29.7 29.7 32.8 0.86 2.90 134 NA 3 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 30.4 30.4 33.0 0.88 2.88 135 NA 4 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 30.7 30.7 32.0 0.91 2.97 131 NA 5 Maximum Efficiency 30.0 30.0 31.7 0.90 3.00 130 NA

Table 1.14. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Two F32 T8 Lamps 174.347

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 74.2 74.2 74.2 0.95 1.28' 304 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 62.8 62.8 69.3 0.86 1.37 284 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 62.8 62.8 67.6 0.88 1.41 277 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 508 61.3 61.3 65.3 0.89 1.46 268 NA 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 59.4 59.4 63.8 0.88 1.49 262 NA 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 51.5 51.5 63.0 0.78 1.51 258 NA 6 Maximum Efficiency 58.5. 58.5 61.9 0.90 1.54 254 NATable 1.15. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Three F32 TB Lamps 174.348

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 111.3 109.2 109.2 0.95 0.85 448 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 94.2 92.3 102.0 0.86 0.91 418 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 91.0 82.3 92.0 0.85 0.93 377 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 97.0 87.7 88.6 0.94 0.97 363 NA 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 90.0 81.4 85.9 0.90 1.00 352 NA 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 94.0 85.0 84.1 0.96 1.02 345 NA 6 Maximum Efficiency 90.0 81.4 82.2 0.94 1.04 337 NA

Table 1.16. Cost Efficiency Data for Flourescent Ballasts with Four F32 TO Lamps 174.349

Normalized Ballast Annual Ballast Design Design ANSI Fixture Fixture Ballast Efficacy Energy Manufacturer No. Option Watts Watts Watts Factor Factor Use Cost (BEF) (kWh/yr) ($1994)
0 Energy Efficient Magnetic' 148.4 144.9 144.9 0.95 0.64 594 NA 1 Cathode Cutout 125.5 122.6 135.4 0.86 0.69 555 NA 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 119.0 107.7 118.9 0.86 0.72 488 NA 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 122.0 110.4 116.5 0.90 0.74 478 NA 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 109.0 98.6 115.7 0.81 0.74 474 NA 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 109.0 98.6 111.5 0.84 0.77 457 NA 6 Maximum Efficiency 109.0 98.6 106.5 0.88 0.81 437 NATable 4.1 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with 173.301 One F40 T12/RE70 Lamp COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994 /kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast Equip + Labor Cost PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Total Ballast Annual

installed Service Normalized Energy Annual Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design Number Technology Option (at 8% ) ($1994) (at 8% )

($1994) Cost Life Fixture Use

($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) Cost ($1994 ) (at 8%)

(years) 4% 8% 12%

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 22.28 25
. 10 47.38 11
. 71 51.1 209 15.71 NA 196 164 141 1 Cathode Cutout 28.66 25
. 10 53.76 11
. 71 49
. 0 201 15.06 9.9 196 166 143 2 Electronic , Rapid Start 10% 39 .11 25. 10 64 .21 11. 71 40.9 168 12.57 5
. 4 184 158 138 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 39
. 11 25
. 10 64.21 11 .71 39. 5 162 12
. 14 4.7 180 154 136 4 Maximum Efficiency 39.11 25.10 64.21 11.71 38.3 157 11.76 4. 3 176 152 133

PV Lamp Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast

• Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (51994)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 1 2 3 4 Energy Efficient Magnetic 3.16 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 28. 69 25 .10 22.36 12.46 9.82 16.5 22.28 Cathode Cutout 3.16 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 28.69 25.10 22.36 18.84 9.82 16.5 28.66 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 3.16 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 28.69 25.10 22.36 29.29 9.82 16.5 39.11 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 3.16 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 28.69 25.10 22.36 29.29 9.82 16.5 39.11 Maximum Efficiency 3.16 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 28.69 25.10 22. 36 29 .29 9.82 16.5 39.11

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costa. 4) Ballast Time to Change in the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period in equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Coat over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.2 ENOINEERINO/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.302 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with One F40 T12/ES Lamp COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Design Labor Cost Labor Cost (at 8%) (at 8%) installed Cost Service

Life Normalized

Fixture Energy

Use Elect

cost Payback

(at 8%) Total LCC ($1994) Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12%

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 22.28 21.18 43.46 11.71 50.3 206 15.46 NA 189 158 136 1 Cathode Cutout 28.66 21.18 49.84 11.71 42.0 172 12.93 2.5 172 146 127 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 39.11 21.18 60.29 11.71 36.9 151 11.36 4.1 168 145 128 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 39.11 21.18 60.29 11.71 34.5 141 10.59 3.5 161 139 123 4 Maximum Efficiency 39.11 21.18 60.29 11.71 30.6 126 9.42 2.8 150 130 116

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Coat Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 1.64 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 24.21 21.18 18.87 12.46 9.82 16.5 22.28 1 Cathode Cutout 1.64 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 24.21 21.18 18.87 18.84 9.82 16.5 28.66 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 1.64 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 24.21 21.18 18.87 29.29 9.82 16.5 39.11 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 1.64 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 24.21 21.18 18.87 29.29 9.82 16.5 39.11 4 Maximum Efficiency 1.64 6.60 13.5 14000 3.41 24.21 21.18 18.87 29.29 9.82 16.5 39.11

1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Coat and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture;, lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Coat over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor. Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.3 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.303 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F40 T12/RE70 Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8% ) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 46 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 22.05 33.85 55.90 11.71 88.8 364 27.30 NA 312 259 219 1 Cathode Cutout 28.30 33.85 62.15 11.71 82.6 339 25.40 3.3 301 251 214 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 38.33 33.85 72.18 11.71 80.6 331 24.79 6.5 305 256 220 3 Electronic, Rapid start 50% 38.33 33.85 72.18 11.71 79.5 326 24.45 5.7 302 254 218 4 Maximum Efficiency 38.33 33.85 72.18 11.71 77.2 317 23.75 4.6 296 248 214

------------------------------- --------------
PV Lamp Lamp Replacement Coat Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994 ) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 1 Cathode Cutout 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 4 Maximum Efficiency 6.32 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 38.69 33.85 30.16 12.23 9.82 16.5 22.05 6.32 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 38.69 33.85 30.16 18.48 9.82 16.5 28.30 6.32 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 38.69 33.85 30.16 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33 6.32 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 38.69 33.85 30.16 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33 6.32 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 38.69 33.85 30.16 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture, lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of, the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Changeare calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.4 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.304 Floureacent Lamp Ballasts with Two F40 T12 /ES Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994 ) $ 29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71
Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8%) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994 ) ($1994 ) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years ) 49, 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 22.05 26
. 01 48.07 11.71 76.6 314 23.56 NA 269 223 189 1 Cathode Cutout 28.30 26.01 54.32 11.71 71.4 293 21.96 3.9 260 217 186 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 38.33 26.01 64.35 11.71 71.0 291 21.83 9.4 269 226 195 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 38.33 26.01 64.35 11.71 67.2 276 20.66 5.6 258 218 188 4 Maximum Efficiency 38.33 26.01 64.35 11.71 66.3 272 20.38 5.1 256 216 186

-PV Lamp Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994 ) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)
0 1 2 3 4 Energy Efficient Magnetic 3.28 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 29.74 26.01 23.18 12.23 9.82 16
. 5 22.05 Cathode Cutout 3.28 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 29.74 26.01 23.18 18.48 9.82 16.5 28.30 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 3.28 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 29.74 26.01 23.18 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 3.28 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 29.74 26.01 23.18 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33 Maximum Efficiency 3.28 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 29.74 26.01 23.18 28.51 9.82 16.5 38.33

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast ( for one or more lamps).Table 4.5 ENGINEERING /ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.305 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Three F40 T12/RE70 Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100- Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 $42.10 Real Discount Rates 4% 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71
Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 88) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 128 0 Energy Efficient magnetic 42.17 42.60 84.77 11.71 119.4 489 36.71 NA 429 357 305 1 Cathode Cutout 51.54 42.60 94.14 11.71 110.7 454 34.04 3.5 414 347 298 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 44.62 42.60 87.22 11.71 112.2 460 34.51 1.1 411 343 294 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 44.62 42.60 87.22 11.71 110.3 452 33.92 0.9 406 339 290 4 Maximum Efficiency 44.62 42.60 87.22 11.71 100.6 412 30.93 0.4 378 317 272

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip ' Labor Time to Relamp service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years ) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 9.49 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 48.70 42,60 37.96 18.35 23.82 40.0 42.17 1 Cathode Cutout 9.49 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 48.70 42.60 37,96 27.72 23.82 40.0 51.54 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 9.49 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 48.70 42.60 37.96 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 9.49 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 48.70 42.60 37.96 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62 4 Maximum Efficiency 9.49 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 48.70 42.60 37.96 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62

1) For this analysis , the Period in the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period), 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.6 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Three F40 T12/ES Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 173.306
2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ( $1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 49, $42.10 89 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 89 ) ( at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994 ) - ($ 1994 ) ($1994 ) (years ) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994 ) (years) 4% 8% 12%

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 42.17 30.85 73.02 11.71 109.9 450 33.78 NA --- 388 -------

324 ---

276 1 Cathode Cutout 51.54 30.85 82.39 11.71 102.8 421 31.60 4.3 378 317 272 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 44.62 30.85 75.47 11.71 101.2 415 31.12 0.9 366 306 263 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 44.62 30.85 75.47 11.71 100.2 411 30.82 0.8 364 304 261 4 Maximum Efficiency 44.62 30.85 75.47 11.71 90.7 372 27.90 0.4 337 283 243

PV Lamp Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 4.91 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 35.27 30.85 27.49 18.35 23.82 40.0 42.17 1 Cathode Cutout 4.91 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 35.27 30.85 27.49 27.72 23.82 40.0 51.54 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 4.91 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 35.27 30.85 27.49 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 4.91 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 35.27 30.85 27.49 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62 4 Maximum Efficiency 4.91 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 35.27 30.85 27.49 31.82 12.80 21.5 44.62

---------------------- 1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.7 ENGINEERING /ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.307 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Four F40 T12/RE70 Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 $42.10 Real Discount Rates 4% 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8% ) ( at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12% ---"""-----''-'''__'--'-°---_____--""---""""'_____-'-------- --"--- -------------------------'-----------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 40.24 51.36 91.60 11.71 166.8 684 51.29 NA 571 472 400 1 Cathode Cutout 52.74 51.36. 104.10 11.71 161.9 664 49.79 8.3 570 474 403 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 46.53 51.36 97.89 11.71 147.7 605 45.41 1.1 523 435 370 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 46.53 51.36 97.89 11.71 146.0 599 44.89 1.0 518 431 367 4 Maximum Efficiency 46.53 51.36 97.89 11.71 146.0 599, 44.89 1.0 518 431 367

Lamp Replacement Cost, Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equ}p Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design ` Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 0 1 2 3 4 Energy Efficient Magnetic 12.65 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 58.71 51.36 45.76 24.46 15.78 26.5 40.24 Cathode Cutout 12.65 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 58.71 51.36 45.76 36.96 15.78 26.5 52.74 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 12.65 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 58.71 51.36 45.76 33.73 12.80 21.5 46.53 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 12.65 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 58.71 51.36 45.76 33.73 12.80 21.5 46.53 Maximum Efficiency 12.65 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 58.71 51.36 45.76 33.73 12.80 21.5 46.53

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total-LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.9 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.308 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12/RE70 Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 6500 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 $42.10 Real Discount Rates 4% 8% 12% Period (Years) 7.38
Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8%) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12% --------------------------------------7-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 46.68 89.01 135.69 7.38 161.0 1047 78.50 NA 639 561 498 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 68.36 89 .01 157.37 7.38 151.0 981 73.60 4.4 630 556 497 2 Electronic , Instant Start 50% 68.36 89 .01 157.37 7.38 145.6' 946 70.98 2.9 613 542 485 3 Maximum Efficiency 68.36 89.01 157.37 7.38 142.5 926 69.47 2.4 604 534 477

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 1.29 98.90 89.01 80.89 20.18 26.50 44.5 46.68 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 1.29 98.90 89.01 80.89 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 1.29 98.90 89.01 80.89 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36 3 Maximum Efficiency 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 1.29 98.90 89.01 80.89 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps). Ballast Equip + Labor Cost ($1994)Table 4.9a ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.342 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12 /RE70 Lamps INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity cost ($1994/kWh) $0.050 Annual Lighting Hours 4000 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 44 $42.10 81 121 Period (Years) 12.00
Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8%) (at 81) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 81) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 84 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 46.68 78.53 125.20 12.00 161.0 644 32,20 NA - 441 368 368 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10%- 68 .36 78.53 146.88 12.00 151.0 604 30.19 10.8 444 374 374 2 Electronic, Instant start 50% 68.36 78.53 146.88 12.00 145.6 582 29.12 7.0 434 366 366 3 Maximum Efficiency 68.36 78.53 146.88 12.00 142.5 570 28.50 5.9 428 362 362

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 41 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 2.10 92.29 78.53 78.53 20.18 26.50 44.5 46.68 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 2.10 92.29 78.53 78.53 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36 2 Electronic, Instant start 50% 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 2.10 92.29 78.53 78.53 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36 3 Maximum Efficiency 14.30 5.14 10.5 8400 2.10 92.29 78.53 78.53 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36

---------------- 1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) Pv Lamp Equip + Labor Coat is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are, assumed to be changed at the same time. since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Costand the present value of the Annual Elect Coat over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.10 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 173.309 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12 /ES Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994 /kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 6500 Labor Rates ($1994 ) $ 29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period ( Years) 7.38 Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8%) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Coat (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 46.68 50.38 97.06 7.38 141.8 922 69 .12 NA 537 472 419 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 68
.36 50 .38 118.74 7. 38 122.3 795 59. 62 2.3 499 442 396 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 68.36 50
. 38 118 .74 7.38 119.8 779 58. 42 2.0 492 435 390 3 Maximum Efficiency 68.36 50
. 38 118 .74 7.38 113.6 738 55.36 1.6 472 419 376

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp 7 Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994 ) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)
0 1 2 3 Energy Efficient Magnetic 5.87 5.14 10
.5 8400 1.29 55.98 50
.38 45.78 '20.18 26
. 50 44
. 5 46.68 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 5
. 87 5.14 10.5 8400 1
. 29 55
. 98 50
. 38 45.78 41.86 26
. 50 44.5 68.36 Electronic., Instant Start 50% 5.87 5
.14 10.5 8400 1.29 55.98 50
.38 45.78 41
. 86 26.50 44.5 68.36 Maximum Efficiency 5.87 5.14 10
. 5 8400 1.29 55.98 50.38 45.78 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36

1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.10a ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.343 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12/ES Lamps INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost (91994/kWh) $0.050 Annual Lighting Hours 4000 b 29 35

9 42 10 La or Rates ($1
. 94) $ Real Discount Rates 4% . $ 8% 12% Period (Years) 12.00
Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Desi Labor Cost ( t 8%) Labor Cost

(at 8%) installed Cost service

Life Normalized

Fixture Energy

Use Elect

Co t Payback

t 8%) ( Total LCC ($1994) gn Number Technology Option a ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) s ($1994) a

(years) 44 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 46.68 44 .45 91.12 12.00 141.8 567 28.36 NA 365 305 305 1 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 68.36 44.45 112.80 12.00 122.3 489 24.46 5.6 350 297 297 2 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 68.36 44.45 112.80 12.00 119.8 479 23.97 4.9 346 293 293 3 Maximum Efficiency 68.36 44.45 112.80 12.00 113.6 454 22.71 3.8 334 284 284

Lamp Replacement Cost Design Number Technology Option 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 1 Electronic, Instant start 10% 2 Electronic, Instant start 50% 3 Maximum Efficiency Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Cost ($1994 ) . Labor Cost ( 91994) Time to

Change (minutes ) Relamp

Life (hours) Service Life (years) 4% ($1994)
8% 121 Consumer Price ($1994) Labor

Cost (51994) Time To

Change (minutes) Equip +

Labor Cost ($1994) 5.87 5.14 10. 5 8400 2 .10 52. 24 44
. 45 44 .45 20. 18 26 .50 44. 5 46.68 5 .87 5.14 10 .5 8400 2 .10 52.24 44. 45 44 .45 41. 86 26.50 44.5 68.36 5.87 5.14 10. 5 8400 2 .10 52. 24 44 .45 44.45 41. 86 26 .50 44.5 68.36 5.87 5.14 10 .5 8400 2 .10 52.24 44.45 44.45 41.86 26.50 44.5 68.36

1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurredevery Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costa. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.11 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.336 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12HO/RE70 Lamps INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost (01994/kWh) $0.050 Annual Lighting Hours 4000 Labor Rates ($1994 ) $ 29 35 $42 10 . . Real Discount Rates 49, 81 12% Period (Years) 12.00 Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Design ( at 8% ) ( at 8% ) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost Payback (at 8%) Total LCC ($1994) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (51994) ( years ) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 44 8% 121

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 67.02 101.22 168.24 12.00 237.5 950 47.50 NA 632 526 449 1 Electronic, Rapid start 104 82.36 101.22 183.58 12.00 221.5 886 44.30 4.8 617 517 445 2 Electronic, Rapid start 504 82.36 101.22 183.58 12.00 217.9 872 43.59 3.9 610 512 440 3 Maximum Efficiency 82.36 101.22 183.58 12.00 216.9 868 43.38 3.7 608 511 439

Design Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Cost Labor

Cost Time to

Change tes) Relamp

Life (hours) Service Life (years) 4% ($1994) 8% 12% Consumer Price ($1994) Labor .

Cost ($1994) Time To

Change (minutes) Equip +

Labor Cost ($1994)

------------------------------------------=-------------------------------------------------------------- 18.46 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 118.97 101.22 87.94 39.33 27.69 46.5 67.02 18.46 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 118.97 101.22 87.94 54.67 27.69 46.5 82.36 18.46 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 118.97 101.22 87•.94 54.67 27.69 46.5 82.36 18.46 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 118.97 101.22 87.94 54.67 27.69 46.5 82.36 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 501 3 Maximum Efficiency

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor. Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.12 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.337 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F96 T12H0/ES Lamps INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.050 Annual Lighting Hours 4000 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 $42.10 Real Discount Rates 44 8% 12% Period (Years) 12.00 Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 8%) (at 8%) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 84 12%
------------------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 67.02 82.34 149.36 12.00 246.8 987 49.35 NA 627 521 444 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 82.36 82.34 164.70 12.00 196.9 787 39.37 1.5 549 461 398 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 82.36 82.34 164.70 12.00 191.1 764 38.22 1.4 538 453 391 3 Maximum Efficiency 82.36 82.34 164.70 12.00 182.4 729 36.47 1.2 521 440 380

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 13.78 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 13.78 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 13.78 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 3 Maximum Efficiency 13.78 6.60 13.5 8400 2.10 PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast ($1994 ) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Price Cost Change Labor Cost 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 96.78 82
. 34 71
. 54 39
. 33 27
. 69 46.5 67.02 96.78 82
. 34 71
. 54 54
. 67 27
. 69 46
. 5 82.36 96.78 82
. 34 71
. 54 54
. 67 27 . 69 46.5 82.36 96.78 82.34 71.54 54 .67 ' 27. 69 46
. 5 82.36

1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor cost is the present value of Lamp Equip cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total installed cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.13 ENGINEERING /ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.339 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with One F32 T8 Lamp COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 88 12% Period (Years) 11.71

esign Ballast Equip + Labor Cost (at 8%) PV Lamp

Equip + Labor cost (at 8%) Total

Installed Cost Ballast Service Life Normalized

Fixture Annual.

Energy Use Annual

Elect Cost Payback

(at 8%) Total LCC ($1994) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 26.25 23
. 67 49.93 11.71 39.3 161 12
. 07 NA 164 140 121 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 39.36 23.67 63.04 11
. 71 34.8 143 10.69 9.5 165 142 126 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 39.36 23.67 63.04 11
. 71 32.8 134 10.08 6.6 159 138 122 3 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 38.94 30.58 69.53 11.71 33.0 135 10.15 10.2 168 145 128 4 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 38
. 94 30
.58 69.53 11 .71 32.0 131 9.83 8.8 165 143 126 5 Maximum Efficiency 38.94 30
.58 69.53 11 .71 31.7 130 9
. 74 8.4 164 142 125

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip Labor Time to PV Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Relamp Service - ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost (hours) (years) 4% 8% 129, ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14000 3.41 27.06 23.67 21.09 16.43 9.82 16.5 26.25 14000 3.41 27.06 23.67 21.09 29.54 9.82 16.5 39.36 14000 3.41 27.06 23.67 21.09 29.54 9.82 16.5 39.36 10500 2.56 35.50 30.58 26.87 29.12 9.82 16.5 38.94 10500 2.56 35.50 30.58 26.87 29.12 9.82 16.5 38.94 10500 2.56 35.50 30.58 26.87 29.12 9.82 16.5 38.94 Design Cost Cost Change Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 2.61 6.60 13.5 1 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 2

. 61 6.60 13.5 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 504 2.61 6.60 13.5 3 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 2.61 6.60 13.5 4 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 2.61 6.60 13.5 5 Maximum Efficiency 2.61 6.60 13.5

1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costa. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total installed Coat and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.14 ENGINEERING /ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.339 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Two F32 TO Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994) $29.35 $42.10 Real Discount Rates 41 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71
Ballast PV Lamp Equip + Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Labor Cost Labor Cost Installed Service Normalized Energy Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 81 ) ( at 81 ) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 41 8% 12% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 25.91 31.01 56.92 11.71 74.2 304 22.82 NA 271 226 193 1 Cathode Cutout 31.60 31.01 62.61 11.71 69.3 284 21.32 3.8 263 221 190 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 38.56 31.01 69.57 11.71 67.6 277 20.78 6.2 265 224 193 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 38.56 31.01 69.57 11.71 65.3 268 20.08 4.6 259 219 189 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 38.14 40.05 78.20 11.71 63.8 262 19.63 6.7 265 224 194 S Electronic, Instant Start 501 38.14 40.05 78.20 11.71 63.0 258 19.39 6.2 263 222 192 6 Maximum Efficiency 38.14 40.05 78.20 11.71 61.9 254 19.03 5.6 260 219 190

PV Lamp Lamp Replacement Coat Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip + Labor Cost . Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp service ($1994 ) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Coat Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option (51994 ) ($ 1994 ) ( minutes ) ( hours ) ( years ) 4% 8% 12% ($1994) ($1994 ) (minutes) ($1994)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 5.22 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 35.44 31.01 27.62 16.09 9.82 16.5 25.91 1 Cathode Cutout 5.22 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 35.44 31.01 27.62 21.78 9.82 16.5 31.60 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 101 5.22 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 35.44 31.01 27.62 28.74 9.82 16.5 38.56 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 5.22 6.85 14.0 14000 3.41 35.44 31.01 27.62 28.74 9.82 16.5 38.56 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 5.22 6.85 14.0 10500 2.56 46.49 40.05 35.19 28.32 9.82 16.5 38.14 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 5.22 6.85 14.0 10500 2.56 46.49 40.05 35.19 28.32 9.82 16.5 38.14 6 Maximum Efficiency 5.22 6.85 14.0 10500 2.56 46.49 40.05 35.19 28.32 9.82 16.5 38.14

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture ; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total Installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps).Table 4.15 ENGINEERING /ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR 174.340 Flourescent Lamp Ballasts with Three F32 T8 Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994/kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 L b R 35

1994 29 10 $42 a or ates ($
. ) $ Real Discount Rates 4% . 89, 12% Period (Years) 11.71 Ballast Equip + PV Lamp

Equip + Total Ballast Annual Annual Desi n Labor Cost (at 81) Labor Cost

(at 81) Installed

Cost Service

Life Normalized

Fixture Energy

Use Elect

Cost Payback (at 8%) Total LCC ($1994) g Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12$, 0 Energy Effic ient Magnetic 47.96 38.34 86.29 11.71 109.2 448 33.57 NA 401 335 288 1 Cathode Cutout 56.49 38.34 94.82 11.71 102.0 418 31.37 3.9 389 328 283 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 44.89 38 .34 83.23 11.71 92.0 377 28.28 *' 349 293 252 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 44.89 38.34 83.23 11.71 88.6 363 27.25 ** 340 286 246 4 Electronic, Instant Start 10% 44.44 49.53 93.97 11.71 ° 85.9 352 .26.41 1.1 345 290 250 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 44.44 49.53 93.97 11.71 84.1 345 25.86 1.0 , 340 286 246 6 Maximum Efficiency 44.44 49.53 93.97 11.71 82.2 337 25.28 0.9 335 282 243

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost Change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology Option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 8R 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994) 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 1 Cathode Cutout 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 3 Electronic, Rapid start 50% 4 Electronic, instant Start 104 5 Electronic, instant Start 50% 6 Maximum Efficiency 7.83 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 43.83 38.34 34.16 24.14 23.82 40.0 47.96 7.83 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 43.83 38.34 34.16 32.67 23.82 40.0 56.49 7.83 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 43.83 38.34 34.16 32.09 12.80 21.5 44.89 7.83 7.09 14.5 14000 3.41 43.83 38.34 34.16 32.09 12.80 21.5 44.89 7.83 7.09 14.5 10500 2.56 57.48 49.53 43.51 31.64 12.80 21.5 44.44 7.83 7.09 14.5 10500 2.56 57. 48 49 .53 43.51 31.64 12.80 21.5 44.44 7.83 7.09 14.5 10500 ' 2.56 57. 48 49 .53 43.51 31.64 12.80 21.5 44.44

1) For this analysis , the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Coat is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once- (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total installed cost and the present value of the Annual Elect cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps). ** Total Installed Cost is less than that of the baseline.Table 4.16 ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR Floureacent Lamp Ballasts with 174.341 Four F32 TO Lamps COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2000 Electricity Cost ($1994 /kWh) $0.075 Annual Lighting Hours 4100 Labor Rates ($1994 ) $29.35 Real Discount Rates 4% $42.10 8% 12% Period (Years) 11.71
Ballast Equip + Labor Cost PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost Total Ballast Annual

Installed Service Normalized Energy Annual Elect Payback Total LCC ($1994) Design (at 84) (at 8% ) Cost Life Fixture Use Cost (at 8%) Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) ($1994) (years) Watts (kWh/yr) ($1994) (years) 4% 8% 12% 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 47.97 45.67 93.64 11.71 144.9 594 44 .56 NA 510 424 361 1 Cathode Cutout 59.34 45.67 105.01 11.71 135.4 555 41.64 3.9 495 414 355 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 46.81 45 .67 92.48 11.71 118. 9 488 36.58 ** 436 364 311 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 46.81 45.67 92.48 11.71 116.5 478 35.83 * 429 358 307 4 Electronic, Instant start 10% 46 .32 59.00 105.32 11.71 115.7 474 35.57 1.3 442 369 316 5 Electronic, Instant Start 504 46.32 59.00 105.32 11.71 111.5 457 34.30 1.1 431 360 308 6 Maximum Efficiency 46.32 59.00 105.32 11.71 106.5 437 32.74 1.0 416 348 299

Lamp Replacement Cost Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Equip PV Lamp + Labor Cost Ballast Ballast Ballast Ballast Equip Labor Time to Relamp Service ($1994) Consumer Labor Time To Equip + Design Cost Cost change Life Life Price Cost Change Labor Cost Number Technology option ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) (hours) (years) 4% 84 12% ($1994) ($1994) (minutes) ($1994)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 0 Energy Efficient Magnetic 10.44 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 52.21 45.67 40.69 32:19 15.78 26.5 47.97 1 Cathode Cutout 10.44 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 52.21 45.67 40.69 43.56 15.78 26.5 59.34 2 Electronic, Rapid Start 10% 10.44 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 52.21 45.67 40.69 34.01 12.80 21.5 46.81 3 Electronic, Rapid Start 50% 10.44 7.34 15.0 14000 3.41 52.21 45.67 40.69 34.01 12.80 21.5 46.81 4 Electronic, Instant start 10% 10 .44 7.34 15.0 10500 2.56 68.48 59.00 51.83 33.52 12.80 21.5 46.32 5 Electronic, Instant Start 50% 10.44 7.34 15.0 10500 2.56 68 .48 59 .00 51.83 33.52 12.80 21.5 46.32 6 Maximum Effi ciency 10.44 7.34 15.0 10500 2.56 68.48 59.00 51.83 33.52 12.80 21.5 46.32

----------------- 1) For this analysis, the Period is the Ballast Service Life. 2) Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost are incurred every Lamp Service Life throughout the Period. 3) PV Lamp Equip + Labor Cost is the present value of Lamp Equip Cost and Lamp Labor Cost for all replacement Lamps over the Period, including the initial lamp costs. 4) Ballast Time to Change is the incremental time to replace the ballast in an existing fixture; lamps are assumed to be changed at the same time. Since the Period is equal to the Ballast Service Life, the ballast is changed once (at the beginning of the Period). 5) Total LCC is the sum of Total installed Cost and the present value of the Annual Elect Cost over the Period. 6) Payback uses present value of equipment and labor costs over the Period (rather than simple payback using initial costs). 7) Lamp Equip Cost, Lamp Labor Cost, and Lamp Time to Change are calculated per ballast (for one or more lamps). ** Total Installed Cost is less than that of the baseline.

# Table A20. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1992

(Million Square Feet)
Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours

Total Floorspace 39 or Building of All 

### Fewer 40 to 48 49 to 60 

### 61 to 84 85 to 167 Open Characteristics Buildings Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Continuously 

### RSE RSE Column Factor 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.9 ii 1.3 1.3 Row Factor

All Buildings 67876 8246 14 998 14 046 12062

. ...................................,', , 8,467 Building Floorspace (Square 

### t ^- -^ ^j^ Feet) 

# 3 L9o Pa^>, 78/""""^ d 1.001 to 5.000 ............................... 7.327 1,797 1 904 5.001 to 10,000 7,199 1.341 2.186 10,001 to 25,000 .......................... 10,375 1,592 2.994 25.001 to 50,000

........................... 10,069 1 309 50,001 to 100.000

......................... 8.062 1,007 100,001 to 200,000

....................... 9,678 200,001 to 500:000 ....................... 7,889 Over 500,000 ................................. 7,278 2.553 1,698 0 2.254 418 1,178 0 230 1.430 

### 926 772 1,610 1.098 492 2,549 1.408 1,022 2,536 1,443 1,151 7.440 1.769 1.132 2,278 2.152 1,390 1,188 1,238 1,480 7,076 2,028 1,027 

### Principal Building Activity Education

........................................ 8,470 1 ,221 2,761 1 ,447 1,607 1.333 Food Sales

..................................... 757 Q NC 0 149 372 Food Service

.................................. 1,491 Q 81 Q 334 862 Health Care

.................................... 1,763 Q 151 151 0 Q Lodging ........................................... 2,891 0 0 0 Q Q Mercantile and Service

................. 12,402 348 1,657 3,299 4,667 2,038 Office

.............................................. 12,379 220 4,635 4,037 2,048 752 Parking Garage

.............................. 1,652 0 Q Q Q 0 Public Assembly

............................ 4,556 877 353 363 871 978 Public Order and Safety

....... ...- . 820 Q 0 0 0 NC Religious Worship ......................... 3,747 1,806 349 647 406 Q Warehouse and Storage

.............. 71,484 878 3,964 3,273 1,305 1,098 Other

............................................... 1.130 279 290 Q Q Vacant

............................................. 4,396 2,756 601 267 372 Q 

### Year Constructed 1899 or Before .............................. 1,721 385 484 363 147 272 1900 to 1979 ................................. 3,608 927 883 803 356 402 7920 to 1945 ................................. . 8 ,712 1,564 2,045 2,013 1,393 780 1946 t0 1959 ................................. 10,421 1,570 2,877 2,640 1,072 1,117 1960 to 1969 ................................. 12,612 1,320 2,617 2,371 2,692 1,910 1970 to 1979 ................................. 14,014 1,455 2,614 2,476 2.778 2,248 1980 to 1989 ................................. 14,287 849 2,923 2,720 3,210 1,485 1990 to 1992 ................................. 2,502 176 554 861 475 273 

### Census Region Northeast

........................................ Midviest

........................................... South

............................................... West

................................................ 

### Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas

.................................... Fuel Oil ...............................:........... District Heat

................................... District Chilled Water .................... Propane

.......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings

........................... Air-Conditioned Buildings

............. Buildings with Water Heating

....... Buildings with Cooking ................. Buildings with Manufacturing

........ See footnotes at end of table. 

### 13,400 1,400 2,272 2,622 2,578 2,486 17,280 2,454 3,448 3,474 3,212 2,217 24.577 3,278 6,543 5,002 3,795 1,938 72,619 1,174 2,738 2,948 2,477 1,826

66,549 7,083 14,952 14,020 12,028 8,455 45,097 4,032 9,529 9

.575 9,141 6,509 13,218 1,137 2,448 2,473 2,320 1,695 5,339 375 807 1,059 702 508 2,066 Q 312 357 178 278 3,393 522 532 674 533 493 1,551 176 323 292 Q Q

61,996 8,000 13,745 13, 251 11,529 8,141 57,041 4,632 12,558 12,218 11,158 7,742 58.479 5,005 12,613 12,405 11,308 8,020 23,065 1,828 3,010 3,118 5,195 4,750 3,174 Q 891 920 418 403 70,057

498 472 810 1,077 1,015 1.371 2,387 2,427



### Q 200 Q 1,284 2,730 392 626 1,268 Q 619 Q 967 261 Q

Q 237 918 1,146 1,701 2,444 3,120 

### 423
2,042 2,477 4,021 1,517

10,011 6,311 3,145 1,888 724 639 240



### 9,329 8,733 9,128 5,163 410 8.1

9.1 98 12.5 14 6 194 20 0 30.9

17.1 31.4 24.7 32.9 46.6 15.0 14.4 47.4 25.4 38.7 26.8 15.0 30.6 27.0



### 23.7 26.7 16.7 12.8 15.5 11.4 14.2 21.2

13.3 11.3 11.3 12.2



### 6.9 7.8 12.2 22.7 32.7 19.5 31.8

7.1 7.5 7.3 12.5 25.8

Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992

--PRELIMINARY 75

# ERRATA FOR LBL ENGINEERING/ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

To Interested Parties: This letter contains information to add to the documentation of the fluorescent ballast analysis prepared by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory on February 24, 1995. On page 1, Electricity Prices, there is one correction. Electricity prices from the Annual Energy Outlook 1995, rather than AEO 1994, were used in the analysis. On page 5, 2nd full paragraph, additional explanation is important for Energy-Efficient Magnetic and Cathode Cutout ballasts used with "energy saver" lamps. NEMA's LE5 lists the BF (ballast factor) for these combinations as 0.87 and 0.81 respectively. LBL has "normalized" these BFs to 0.95 by holding the Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF) constant and adjusting the wattage. See Normalized Fixture Watts(page 3) for further explanation. On page 8, the Labor Times for Fluorescent Lamps include cleaning the fixture lens. Tables 4.1- 4.16 use the "Ballast Service Life" as the period of the analysis. This is the ballast rated lifetime divided by the annual lighting hours for that product class. LBL assumed that all ballasts have a lifetime of 48,000 hours. While some manufacturers expect electronic ballasts to have longer lifetimes than magnetic ballasts. LBL is not aware of life tests that allow longer manufacturer rated lifetimes for electronic ballasts. Electronic ballasts have not been installed long enough to establish a field record for rated lifetime.