PART 4

FINAL REGULATION ORDER TEST PROCEDURES

(Part 1065)

Small Off-Road Engines
This Page Left Intentionally Blank
FINAL REGULATION ORDER TEST PROCEDURES

Note: This appendix shows the entirety of regulatory amendments to the test 

procedures titled below, which were approved by the Air Resources Board on 

December 16, 2011, and refined via subsequent conforming modifications 

authorized under Resolution 11-41. Incorporated by reference into these test 

procedures are portions of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

Part 1065 – Engine-Testing Procedures, Subparts A through K inclusive, as 

amended June 28, 2011; and, the internally referenced sections of Title 

40 CFR, Parts 60, 80, 86, 90, 1054, and 1068. Sections that have been 

included in their entirety are set forth with the section number and title. 

California provisions that replace specific federal language provisions are 

denoted by the words “DELETE” for the federal language and “REPLACE 

WITH” or “ADD” for the California language. The notation [ * * * * * ] or

[ ... ] means that the remainder of the CFR text for a specific section is not 

shown in these procedures but has been incorporated by reference, with only 

the printed text changed. CFR sections that are not listed are not part of 

California’s test procedures. If there is any conflict between the provisions of 

this document and the California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, or Title 

13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), the Health and Safety Code 

and Title 13 apply.

This document is all newly adopted text.
This Page Left Intentionally Blank
State of California

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND 

TEST PROCEDURES FOR NEW 2013 AND LATER SMALL OFF-ROAD ENGINES

ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

(PART 1065)

Adopted: October 25, 2012
i

PART 1065 – ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES......................................................... 1

Subpart A – Applicability and General Provisions ........................................................... 1

§ 1065.1 Applicability........................................................................................ 1

§ 1065.2 Submitting information to ARB under this part................................... 2

§ 1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard-setting 

part. ................................................................................................... 2

§ 1065.10 Other procedures............................................................................... 2

§ 1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures....................................................... 2

§ 1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.`................... 2

§ 1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.................................. 2

§ 1065.25 Recordkeeping................................................................................... 2

Subpart B – Equipment Specifications ............................................................................ 3

§ 1065.101 Overview............................................................................................ 3

§ 1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand. .... 3

§ 1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure........................... 3

§ 1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication........................................................... 3

§ 1065.125 Engine intake air. ............................................................................... 3

§ 1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation................................................................... 3

§ 1065.130 Engine exhaust.................................................................................. 3

§ 1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.......................................... 4

§ 1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system 

components. ...................................................................................... 4

§ 1065.150 Continuous sampling. ........................................................................ 4

§ 1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents. ............................ 4

§ 1065.190 PM-stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric analysis.

........................................................................................................... 4

§ 1065.195 PM-stabilization environment for in-situ analyzers............................. 4

Subpart C – Measurement Instruments........................................................................... 5

§ 1065.201 Overview and general provisions....................................................... 5

§ 1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control................................................ 5

§ 1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments. ............... 5

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions ................................. 5

§ 1065.210 Work input and output sensors. ......................................................... 5

§ 1065.215 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint sensors. 5

Flow-Related Measurements.................................................................................... 5

§ 1065.220 Fuel flow meter. ................................................................................. 5

§ 1065.225 Intake-air flow meter. ......................................................................... 5

§ 1065.230 Raw exhaust flow meter..................................................................... 5

§ 1065.240 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters....................................... 5

§ 1065.245 Sample flow meter for batch sampling............................................... 6
ii

§ 1065.248 Gas divider......................................................................................... 6

CO and CO2 Measurements..................................................................................... 6

§ 1065.250 Nondispersive infra-red analyzer. ...................................................... 6

Hydrocarbon Measurements .................................................................................... 6

§ 1065.260 Flame-ionization detector................................................................... 6

§ 1065.265 Nonmethane cutter. ........................................................................... 6

§ 1065.267 Gas chromatograph. .......................................................................... 6

NOx and N2O Measurements.................................................................................... 6

§ 1065.270 Chemiluminescent detector. .............................................................. 6

§ 1065.272 Nondispersive ultraviolet analyzer. .................................................... 6

§ 1065.275 N2O measurement devices. ............................................................... 6

O2 Measurements..................................................................................................... 7

§ 1065.280 Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection analyzers. ........ 7

Air-to-Fuel Ratio Measurements............................................................................... 7

§ 1065.284 Zirconia (ZrO2) analyzer..................................................................... 7

PM Measurements ................................................................................................... 7

§ 1065.290 PM gravimetric balance. .................................................................... 7

§ 1065.295 PM inertial balance for field testing analysis. ..................................... 7

Subpart D –Calibrations and Verifications....................................................................... 8

§ 1065.301 Overview and general provisions....................................................... 8

§ 1065.303 Summary of required calibration and verifications. ............................ 8

§ 1065.305 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise............................ 8

§ 1065.307 Linearity verification. .......................................................................... 8

§ 1065.308 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording 

verification – for gas analyzers not continuously compensated for 

other gas species............................................................................... 8

§ 1065.309 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording 

verification – for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other 

gas species........................................................................................ 8

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions ................................. 8

§ 1065.310 Torque calibration. ............................................................................. 8

§ 1065.315 Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration............................... 8

Flow-Related Measurements.................................................................................... 8

§ 1065.320 Fuel-flow calibration........................................................................... 8

§ 1065.325 Intake-flow calibration. ....................................................................... 9

§ 1065.330 Exhaust-flow calibration..................................................................... 9

§ 1065.340 Diluted exhaust flow (CVS) calibration............................................... 9

§ 1065.341 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check). ....................... 9

§ 1065.342 Sample dryer verification. .................................................................. 9

§ 1065.345 Vacuum-side leak verification. ........................................................... 9

CO and CO2 Measurements..................................................................................... 9

§ 1065.350 H2O interference verification for CO2 NDIR analyzers. ...................... 9

§ 1065.355 H2O and CO2 interference verification for CO NDIR analyzers.......... 9
iii

Hydrocarbon Measurements .................................................................................... 9

§ 1065.360 FID optimization and verification........................................................ 9

§ 1065.362 Non-stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O2 interference verification. ...... 9

§ 1065.365 Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions......................................... 10

NOx and N2O Measurements.................................................................................. 10

§ 1065.370 CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification. ........................................... 10

§ 1065.372 NDUV analyzer HC and H2O interference verification. .................... 10

§ 1065.375 Interference verification for N2O analyzers. ..................................... 10

§ 1065.376 Chiller NO2 penetration.................................................................... 10

§ 1065.378 NO2-to-NO converter conversion verification................................... 10

PM Measurements ................................................................................................. 10

§ 1065.390 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification. ........... 10

§ 1065.395 Inertial PM balance verifications. ..................................................... 10

Subpart E – Engine Selection, Preparation, and Maintenance...................................... 11

§ 1065.401 Test engine selection....................................................................... 11

§ 1065.405 Test engine preparation and maintenance....................................... 11

§ 1065.410 Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.................................. 11

§ 1065.415 Durability demonstration. ................................................................. 11

Subpart F –Performing an Emission Test in the Laboratory.......................................... 12

§ 1065.501 Overview.......................................................................................... 12

§ 1065.510 Engine mapping............................................................................... 12

§ 1065.512 Duty cycle generation. ..................................................................... 12

§ 1065.514 Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified duty cycles..... 12

§ 1065.520 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection. .......... 12

§ 1065.525 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown, and optional repeating of 

void discrete modes......................................................................... 12

§ 1065.526 Repeating void modes or test intervals............................................ 12

§ 1065.530 Emission test sequence................................................................... 12

§ 1065.545 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling................ 12

§ 1065.546 Validation of minimum dilution ration for PM batch sampling........... 12

§ 1065.550 Gas analyzer range validation, drift validation, and drift correction.. 13

§ 1065.590 PM sampling media (e.g., filters) preconditioning and tare weighing.

......................................................................................................... 13

§ 1065.595 PM sample post-conditioning and total weighing............................. 13

Subpart G –Calculations and Data Requirements......................................................... 14

§ 1065.601 Overview.......................................................................................... 14

§ 1065.602 Statistics. ......................................................................................... 14

§ 1065.610 Duty cycle generation. ..................................................................... 14

§ 1065.630 1980 international gravity formula.................................................... 14

§ 1065.640 Flow meter calibration calculations. ................................................. 14

§ 1065.642 SSV, CFV, and PDP molar flow rate calculations............................ 14
iv

§ 1065.644 Vacuum-decay leak rate. ................................................................. 14

§ 1065.645 Amount of water in an ideal gas....................................................... 14

§ 1065.650 Emission calculations. ..................................................................... 14

§ 1065.655 Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.......................... 15

§ 1065.659 Removed water correction............................................................... 15

§ 1065.660 THC, NMHC, and CH4 determination............................................... 15

§ 1065.665 THCE and NMHCE determination. .................................................. 15

§ 1065.667 Dilution air background emission correction. ................................... 15

§ 1065.670 NOx intake-air humidity and temperature corrections. ..................... 15

§ 1065.672 Drift correction. ................................................................................ 15

§ 1065.675 CLD quench verification calculations. .............................................. 15

§ 1065.690 Buoyancy correction for PM sample media...................................... 15

§ 1065.695 Data requirements. .......................................................................... 16

Subpart H –Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration 

Standards ........................................................................................................ 17

§ 1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.................................................. 17

§ 1065.703 Distillate diesel fuel. ......................................................................... 18

§ 1065.705 Residual and intermediate residual fuel........................................... 19

§ 1065.710 Gasoline........................................................................................... 19

§ 1065.715 Natural gas. ..................................................................................... 19

§ 1065.720 Liquefied petroleum gas................................................................... 19

§ 1065.740 Lubricants. ....................................................................................... 19

§ 1065.745 Coolants........................................................................................... 19

§ 1065.750 Analytical gases............................................................................... 19

§ 1065.790 Mass standards. .............................................................................. 19

Subpart I – Testing with Oxygenated Fuels................................................................... 20

§ 1065.801 Applicability...................................................................................... 20

§ 1065.805 Sampling system. ............................................................................ 20

§ 1065.845 Response factor determination........................................................ 20

§ 1065.850 Calculations. .................................................................................... 20

Subpart J – Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems .................... 21

§ 1065.901 Applicability...................................................................................... 21

§ 1065.905 General provisions........................................................................... 21

§ 1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing....................................... 21

§ 1065.915 PEMS instruments. .......................................................................... 21

§ 1065.920 PEMS calibrations and verifications................................................. 21

§ 1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing. .................................................. 21

§ 1065.930 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown........................................ 21

§ 1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing........................................... 21

§ 1065.940 Emission calculations. ..................................................................... 21
v

Subpart K – Definitions and Other Reference Information ............................................ 22

§ 1065.1001 Definitions........................................................................................ 22

§ 1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure............... 26

§ 1065.1010 Reference materials......................................................................... 26
I - 1

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

NEW 2013 AND LATER SMALL OFF-ROAD ENGINES

The following provisions of Part 1065, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as 

promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on the date listed, 

are adopted and incorporated herein by this reference for 2013 model year and later 

small off-road engines as the California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for New 2013 and Later Small Off-Road Engines, except as altered or 

replaced by the provisions set forth below.

PART 1065 – ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

SOURCE: 76 FR 37977, June 28, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A – Applicability and General Provisions

§ 1065.1 Applicability.

* * * * *

(a) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(a) (1) This part applies to 2013 and later model year small off-road engines regulated 

under Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Chapter 9, Article 1, and subject to the 

emission standards in § 2403(b)(1) of that Article. These provisions do not apply to 

engines and equipment that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 

209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of 

the Environmental Protection Agency.

(2) Every new small off-road engine that is manufactured for sale, sold, offered 

for sale, introduced or delivered or imported into California for introduction into 

commerce and that is subject to any of the standards prescribed herein is required to be 

covered by an Executive Order issued pursuant to Article 1, Chapter 9, Title 13, 

California Code of Regulations, including these Test Procedures.

* * * * *

(d) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR that define emission 

standards and other requirements for particular types of engines. In this part, we refer 
2

to each section of the Article 1, Chapter 9, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, and 

the incorporated CFR part 1054, generically as the ”standard-setting part.”

* * * * *

(g) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

For additional information regarding these test procedures, visit our Web site at

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sore.htm

§ 1065.2 Submitting information to ARB under this part.

* * * * *

§ 1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard-setting part.

* * * * *

§ 1065.10 Other procedures.

* * * * *

§ 1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures.

* * * * *

§ 1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.` 

* * * * *

§ 1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.

* * * * *

§ 1065.25 Recordkeeping.

* * * * *
3

Subpart B – Equipment Specifications

§ 1065.101 Overview.

* * * * *

§ 1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand.

* * * * *

§ 1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

* * * * *

§ 1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication.

(a) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

The use of auxiliary fans for engine cooling must be indicated in the application for 

certification. The manufacturer must detail the use of such fans and demonstrate that 

the supplemental cooling resulting from the use of the fans is representative of in-use 

engine operation. The records must be maintained by the manufacturer and must be 

made available to the Executive Officer upon request.

(b) DELETE

* * * * *

§ 1065.125 Engine intake air.

* * * * *

§ 1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation.

* * * * *

§ 1065.130 Engine exhaust.

* * * * *

(g) DELETE

* * * * *
4

§ 1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *

§ 1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system 

components.

* * * * *

§ 1065.150 Continuous sampling.

* * * * *

§ 1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *

§ 1065.190 PM-stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric analysis.

* * * * *

§ 1065.195 PM-stabilization environment for in-situ analyzers.

* * * * *
5

Subpart C – Measurement Instruments

§ 1065.201 Overview and general provisions.

* * * * *

§ 1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control.

* * * * *

§ 1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

* * * * *

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

§ 1065.210 Work input and output sensors.

* * * * *

§ 1065.215 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint sensors.

* * * * *

Flow-Related Measurements

§ 1065.220 Fuel flow meter.

* * * * *

§ 1065.225 Intake-air flow meter.

* * * * *

§ 1065.230 Raw exhaust flow meter.

* * * * *

§ 1065.240 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.

* * * * *
6

§ 1065.245 Sample flow meter for batch sampling.

* * * * *

§ 1065.248 Gas divider.

* * * * *

CO and CO2 Measurements

§ 1065.250 Nondispersive infra-red analyzer.

* * * * *

Hydrocarbon Measurements

§ 1065.260 Flame-ionization detector.

* * * * *

§ 1065.265 Nonmethane cutter.

* * * * *

§ 1065.267 Gas chromatograph.

* * * * *

NOx and N2O Measurements

§ 1065.270 Chemiluminescent detector.

* * * * *

§ 1065.272 Nondispersive ultraviolet analyzer.

* * * * *

§ 1065.275 N2O measurement devices.

* * * * *
7

O2 Measurements

§ 1065.280 Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection analyzers.

* * * * *

Air-to-Fuel Ratio Measurements

§ 1065.284 Zirconia (ZrO2) analyzer.

* * * * *

PM Measurements

§ 1065.290 PM gravimetric balance.

* * * * *

§ 1065.295 PM inertial balance for field testing analysis.

* * * * *
8

Subpart D –Calibrations and Verifications

§ 1065.301 Overview and general provisions.

* * * * *

§ 1065.303 Summary of required calibration and verifications.

* * * * *

§ 1065.305 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise.

* * * * *

§ 1065.307 Linearity verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.308 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording 

verification – for gas analyzers not continuously compensated for other gas species.

* * * * *

§ 1065.309 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording 

verification – for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other gas species.

* * * * *

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

§ 1065.310 Torque calibration.

* * * * *

§ 1065.315 Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

* * * * *

Flow-Related Measurements

§ 1065.320 Fuel-flow calibration.

* * * * *
9

§ 1065.325 Intake-flow calibration.

* * * * *

§ 1065.330 Exhaust-flow calibration.

* * * * *

§ 1065.340 Diluted exhaust flow (CVS) calibration.

* * * * *

§ 1065.341 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check).

* * * * *

§ 1065.342 Sample dryer verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.345 Vacuum-side leak verification.

* * * * *

CO and CO2 Measurements

§ 1065.350 H2O interference verification for CO2 NDIR analyzers.

* * * * *

§ 1065.355 H2O and CO2 interference verification for CO NDIR analyzers.

* * * * *

Hydrocarbon Measurements

§ 1065.360 FID optimization and verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.362 Non-stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O2 interference verification.
10

* * * * *

§ 1065.365 Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

* * * * *

NOx and N2O Measurements

§ 1065.370 CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.372 NDUV analyzer HC and H2O interference verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.375 Interference verification for N2O analyzers.

* * * * *

§ 1065.376 Chiller NO2 penetration.

* * * * *

§ 1065.378 NO2-to-NO converter conversion verification.

* * * * *

PM Measurements

§ 1065.390 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification.

* * * * *

§ 1065.395 Inertial PM balance verifications.

* * * * *
11

Subpart E – Engine Selection, Preparation, and Maintenance

§ 1065.401 Test engine selection.

* * * * *

§ 1065.405 Test engine preparation and maintenance.

* * * * *

§ 1065.410 Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.

* * * * *

§ 1065.415 Durability demonstration.

* * * * *
12

Subpart F –Performing an Emission Test in the Laboratory

§ 1065.501 Overview.

* * * * *

§ 1065.510 Engine mapping.

* * * * *

§ 1065.512 Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *

§ 1065.514 Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified duty cycles.

* * * * *

§ 1065.520 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection.

* * * * *

§ 1065.525 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown, and optional repeating of void 

discrete modes.

* * * * *

§ 1065.526 Repeating void modes or test intervals.

* * * * *

§ 1065.530 Emission test sequence.

* * * * *

§ 1065.545 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling.

* * * * *

§ 1065.546 Validation of minimum dilution ration for PM batch sampling.

* * * * *
13

§ 1065.550 Gas analyzer range validation, drift validation, and drift correction.

* * * * *

§ 1065.590 PM sampling media (e.g., filters) preconditioning and tare weighing.

* * * * *

§ 1065.595 PM sample post-conditioning and total weighing.

* * * * *
14

Subpart G –Calculations and Data Requirements

§ 1065.601 Overview.

* * * * *

§ 1065.602 Statistics.

* * * * *

§ 1065.610 Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *

§ 1065.630 1980 international gravity formula.

* * * * *

§ 1065.640 Flow meter calibration calculations.

* * * * *

§ 1065.642 SSV, CFV, and PDP molar flow rate calculations.

* * * * *

§ 1065.644 Vacuum-decay leak rate.

* * * * *

§ 1065.645 Amount of water in an ideal gas.

* * * * *

§ 1065.650 Emission calculations.

* * * * *

ADD:

(i) For PM testing, engine manufacturers must use the particulate sampling test 

procedure specified in this part 1065 or any similar procedure that has been approved 

by the Executive Officer. For two-stroke engines, engine manufacturers may, in lieu of 

testing, determine PM emissions through the following equation:
15

Fuel to oilratio

HC PMest =

Where HC = weighted hydrocarbons in g/kW-hr, and 

Fuel to oil ratio = the fuel to oil ratio used in the test engine.

Engine manufacturers may report this estimate as PMest, and indicate that the PM 

emissions were estimated as per this paragraph.

§ 1065.655 Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.

* * * * *

§ 1065.659 Removed water correction.

* * * * *

§ 1065.660 THC, NMHC, and CH4 determination.

* * * * *

§ 1065.665 THCE and NMHCE determination.

* * * * *

§ 1065.667 Dilution air background emission correction.

* * * * *

§ 1065.670 NOx intake-air humidity and temperature corrections.

* * * * *

§ 1065.672 Drift correction.

* * * * *

§ 1065.675 CLD quench verification calculations.

* * * * *

§ 1065.690 Buoyancy correction for PM sample media.

* * * * *
16

§ 1065.695 Data requirements.

* * * * *
17

Subpart H –Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration 

Standards

§ 1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.

(a) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(a) Certification test fuel. 

(1) The certification test fuel used for emission testing must be consistent with 

the fuel specifications as outlined in the California Code of Regulations, title 13, 

§1960.1, and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

– 2014 Model Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles”, as last 

amended [insert latest amendment date], and as incorporated by reference herein. The 

test fuel specification should remain consistent from batch to batch. If a particular 

engine requires a different octane fuel, test records should indicate the fuel used.

(2) For 2020 and later gasoline-fueled engines: The certification test fuel for 

emission testing must be consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in title 13, 

section 1961.2 and the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” adopted [insert adoption date], 

and incorporated by reference herein. The test fuel specifications must remain 

consistent from batch to batch. Optionally, manufacturers may use other renewable fuel 

blends under this paragraph that have been certified by ARB as yielding test results 

equivalent, or more stringent than, those resulting from the fuel specified by 13 CCR 

1961.2, and which are appropriate for the certification of small off-road engines.

(3) For 2013 – 2019 model-year gasoline-fueled engines, the manufacturer has 

the option to use the certification test fuel specified in §1065.701(a)(2). 

(4) Alcohol-based fuels. Alcohol-based fuels must be allowed for emission test 

purposes when the appropriate emission standards with respect to such fuels are a part 

of these provisions. Such fuels must be as specified in either §1065.701(a)(1) or 

§1065.701(a)(2), as applicable. 

(b) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

With Executive Officer approval, the certifying entity may use other test fuels so long as 

they do not affect the demonstration of compliance.
18

* * * * *

(f) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(f) Test fuels – service accumulation and aging. 

(1) Gasoline.

(i) Gasoline representative of commercial gasoline generally available 

through retail outlets must be used in service accumulation and aging for gasoline 

fueled, spark ignition engines. As an alternative, the certification test fuels specified 

under either §1054.501(b)(2)(ii)(A) or §1054.501(b)(2)(ii)(B), as applicable, may be used 

for engine service accumulation and aging. 

(ii) The octane rating of the gasoline used for service accumulation and 

aging must be no higher than 4.0 Research Octane Numbers above the minimum 

recommended by the engine manufacturer when a certification fuel is not used for 

service accumulation, and must have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 Octane Numbers. 

Sensitivity is the Research Octane Number minus the Motor Octane Number.

(iii) The Reid Vapor Pressure of a gasoline used for service accumulation 

and aging must be characteristic of the engine fuel during the season in which the 

service accumulation takes place in the outdoors, or must be characteristic of the 

engine fuel appropriately suited to the ambient conditions of an indoor test cell in which 

the entire service accumulation takes place.

(2) Alternative fuels. 

(i) Liquefied petroleum gas meeting the ASTM D1835 (11/10/1997) or 

NGPA HD-5 (1970) specifications must be used for service accumulation.

(ii) Natural gas representative of commercial natural gas that is available 

locally to the manufacturer’s test site may be used in service accumulation. The 

manufacturer must provide the Executive Officer with detail of how the commercial 

natural gas differs from the certification test fuel specifications.

* * * * *

§ 1065.703 Distillate diesel fuel.

DELETE
19

§ 1065.705 Residual and intermediate residual fuel.

DELETE

§ 1065.710 Gasoline.

DELETE

§ 1065.715 Natural gas.

DELETE

§ 1065.720 Liquefied petroleum gas.

DELETE

§ 1065.740 Lubricants.

* * * * *

ADD:

(c) During all engine tests, the engine shall employ a lubricating oil consistent with the 

engine manufacturer’s specifications for that particular engine. These specifications 

shall be recorded and declared in the certification application.

§ 1065.745 Coolants.

* * * * *

§ 1065.750 Analytical gases.

* * * * *

§ 1065.790 Mass standards.

* * * * *
20

Subpart I – Testing with Oxygenated Fuels

§ 1065.801 Applicability.

* * * * *

§ 1065.805 Sampling system.

* * * * *

§ 1065.845 Response factor determination.

* * * * *

§ 1065.850 Calculations.

* * * * *
21

Subpart J – Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems

§ 1065.901 Applicability.

* * * * *

§ 1065.905 General provisions.

* * * * *

§ 1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.

* * * * *

§ 1065.915 PEMS instruments.

* * * * *

§ 1065.920 PEMS calibrations and verifications.

* * * * *

§ 1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing.

* * * * *

§ 1065.930 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.

* * * * *

§ 1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing.

* * * * *

§ 1065.940 Emission calculations.

* * * * *
22

Subpart K – Definitions and Other Reference Information

§ 1065.1001 Definitions.

ADD:

The definitions in Section 2401, Chapter 9, Title 13 of the California Code of 

Regulations, 40 CFR 1054.801, and 1068.30 apply with the following additions:

* * * * *

Act DELETE.

Adjustable parameter DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone 

can adjust (including those which are difficult to access) and that, if adjusted, may affect 

emissions or engine performance during emission testing or normal in-use operation. 

This includes, but is not limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling 

rate. You may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it cannot be 

adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading engine performance, or if 

you otherwise show us that it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during 

in-use operation.

* * * * *

Aftertreatment DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate filter, thermal reactor, 

or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust 

valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to decrease emissions in the engine 

exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR), 

turbochargers, and oxygen sensors are not aftertreatment.

* * * * *

Applicable standard DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means an emission standard to 

which an engine (or equipment) is subject. Additionally, if an engine (or equipment) has 

been or is being certified to another standard or FEL, applicable emission standard 

means the FEL or other standard to which the engine (or equipment) has been or is 

being certified. 
23

* * * * *

Brake power DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not including power 

required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to 

operate aftertreatment devices. 

* * * * *

Calibration DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular 

design, version, or application of a component or assembly capable of functionally 

describing its operation over its working range.

* * * * *

ADD:

Certificate of Conformity means an Executive Order issued in accordance with the 

California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 5.

Certification DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

Certification means, with respect to new small off-road engines, obtaining an executive 

order for an engine family complying with the small off-road engine emission standards 

and requirements specified in the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Chapter 9, 

Sections 2400-2409.

* * * * *

Designated Compliance Officer DELETE,

REPLACE WITH: 

Designated Compliance Officer means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources 

Board, or a designee of the Executive Officer.

* * * * *

Discrete-mode DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-state test described 

in §1054.505.

* * * * *
24

Engine DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Engine as used in this part, refers to small off-road engine. 

* * * * *

ADD:

EPA means Air Resources Board.

ADD:

Executive Order means an order issued by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources 

Board or his or her delegate certifying engines for sale in California.

* * * * *

Fuel type DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or natural gas. There can 

be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as low-temperature or all-season 

gasoline. 

Good engineering judgment DELETE.

* * * * *

Hydrocarbon DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission standards are 

based for each fuel type, as described in subpart B of 40 CFR 1054.

* * * * *

Manufacturer DELETE.

* * * * *

Nonroad engine DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

Nonroad engine means a small off-road engine as defined in the California Code of 

Regulations, Title 13, Chapter 9, Section 2401.
25

* * * * *

Ramped-modal DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Ramped-modal means ramped-modal type of steady-state test, as described in 40 CFR 

1054. 

* * * * *

ADD:

Small volume engine manufacturer means any engine manufacturer whose total 

production of small off-road engines slated for sale in California are projected at the 

time of certification of a given model year to be no more than 500 engines.

* * * * *

Steady-state DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Steady-state means relating to emission tests in which engine speed and load are held 

at a finite set of essentially constant values. Steady-state tests are either discrete-mode 

tests or ramped-modal tests. 

* * * * *

Test sample DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the population of an 

emission family for emission testing. This may include testing for certification, 

production-line testing, or in-use testing. 

* * * * *

United States DELETE.

* * * * *

Useful life DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH:

Useful life means the period during which the engine and equipment are designed to 

properly function in terms of power output and intended function, without being 

remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or calendar years, 

whichever comes first. It is the period during which an off-road engine must comply with 
26

all applicable emission standards. If an engine has no hour meter, the specified number 

of hours does not limit the period during which an in-use engine is required to comply 

with emission standards unless the degree of service accumulation can be verified 

separately.

* * * * *

We (us, our) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH: 

We (us, our) means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board or a designee of 

the Executive Officer.

* * * * *

§ 1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.

* * * * *

§ 1065.1010 Reference materials.

* * * * *