17-2108-cv 

Cheeseboro v. Little Richie Bus Serv., Inc.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN 

ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY 

ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. 

 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 

held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 

New York, on the 18th day of May, two thousand eighteen. 

PRESENT: 

PETER W. HALL, 

SUSAN L. CARNEY, 

Circuit Judges, 

JOHN G. KOELTL,*

 District Judge. 

_____________________________________ 

Chan Cheeseboro, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

v. No. 17-2108-cv 

Little Richie Bus Service, Inc., 

Defendant–CrossClaimant–Appellee, 

Peter Pan Bus Lines, Inc., 

Defendant, 

Bus Driver Joseph Risiteneau, other Joseph 

Risitano, 

Defendant–CrossClaimant, 

 

* Judge John G. Koeltl, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New 

York, sitting by designation.
“John Coe” Motor Vehicle Driver, 

Defendant–CrossDefendant. 

_____________________________________ 

FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: RALPH WHITNEY for Chan Cheeseboro, pro se, 

Greenville, N.C. 

FOR DEFENDANT–CROSSCLAIMANT–APPELLEE: NICHOLAS HURZELER (Kimberly Edmonds, on the 

brief), Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP, New 

York, N.Y. 

_____________________________________ 

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of 

New York (Townes, J.; Kuo, M.J.). 

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

Appellant Chan Cheeseboro, proceeding pro se, appeals from a judgment in favor of Little 

Richie Bus Service, Inc. (“Little Richie”) in her negligence action. In 2000, Cheeseboro was a 

student passenger on a Little Richie school bus that was involved in an automobile accident. After 

the accident, Little Richie transported the involved students to the hospital on a second bus. Years 

later, Cheeseboro, through counsel, sued Little Richie, claiming negligence because Little Richie’s 

bus had not been equipped with seatbelts, which she claimed worsened her injuries. On summary 

judgment, conceding that the bus did in fact have seatbelts, she instead pressed a theory that a bus 

matron had breached her duty of care to ensure that Cheeseboro was wearing her seat belt at the 

time of the accident. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of Little Richie, 

concluding that there was no breach, and in any event, Little Richie was entitled to immunity under 

state law. This appeal followed. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, 

the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal. 
3 

We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, “resolv[ing] all 

ambiguities and draw[ing] all inferences against the moving party.” Garcia v. Hartford Police 

Dep’t, 706 F.3d 120, 126–27 (2d Cir. 2013) (per curiam). “Summary judgment is proper only 

when, construing the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant, ‘there is no genuine 

dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’” 

Doninger v. Niehoff, 642 F.3d 334, 344 (2d Cir. 2011) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a)). 

On appeal, Cheeseboro primarily argues that she received ineffective assistance of counsel. 

But however deficient her attorney’s performance was, there is no constitutional right to effective 

assistance of counsel in a civil case. See, e.g., United States v. Coven, 662 F.2d 162, 176 (2d Cir. 

1981). 

Cheeseboro also raises various new and undeveloped challenges to the district court’s grant 

of summary judgment to Little Richie. The district court concluded that summary judgment was 

proper because Cheesboro failed to dispute any material fact with respect to either (1) whether 

Little Richie breached a duty of care owed to her, or (2) whether Little Richie is entitled to 

immunity under New York Education Law § 3813(4). She fails meaningfully to challenge the 

second ruling, which alone is a sufficient ground on which to affirm. 

Section 3813(4) provides as follows: 

In any action for personal injuries by a passenger on a school bus against a . . . 

school bus operator under contract with a school district, . . . no such person shall 

be held liable solely because the injured party was not wearing a seat safety belt; 

provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall be construed to grant 

immunity from liability for failure to . . . comply with applicable statutes, rules or 

regulations. 
4 

N.Y. Educ. Law § 3813(4). Cheeseboro asserts that Little Richie should not be entitled to 

immunity because it chose to send a second school bus rather than ambulances to transport the 

students to the hospital after the accident. This argument is raised for the first time on appeal, 

however, and only in unusual cases do we address arguments raised for the first time on appeal. 

See, e.g., Greene v. United States, 13 F.3d 577, 586 (2d Cir. 1994). Moreover, Cheeseboro 

identifies no statute, rule, or regulation that Little Richie’s decision violated, nor does she provide 

any other basis on which to disturb the district court’s immunity ruling. Little Richie was 

therefore entitled to summary judgment. 

We have considered Cheeseboro’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. 

Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. 

FOR THE COURT: 

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court