#### STATE *v.*J. B. STANLY, *et al.*

Where a party has been tried in the County Court upon an indictment for an aifray, he cannot be again tried for the same act in the Superior Court upon a bill for assault and battery.

This was an indictment for assault and battery, tried before Ilis Honor, Judge PeesoN, at the Spring Term, 1857, of Columbus Superior Court.

The defendant pleaded not guilty, and former conviction.

*Brands M. Buie*swore that he met with the defendants in Whitesville, (eleven in number) and went with them about two miles up the public road leading towards Bladen County; that they there blindfolded, stripped, and whipped him severely with switches, cutting the skin, and causing the blood to flow freely.

*Mr. Smith*swore that he saw Buie next day, and that his back was badly lacerated, and the splinters from the switches were then sticking in the flesh.

The defendant offered in evidence the sranscript of a record of the County Court of Columbus, which showed that the defendants had been indicted in that Court, and convicted for an affray. The bill in that Court charged that the defendants, with Marion Buie, “being unlawfully assembled together, and arrayed in a war-like manner, then and there in a certain public place and highway there situate, unlawfully, and to the great terror and disturbance of divers citizens, then and there being, did make an affray against the peace, &c.”

The grand jury found a true bill as to all but Buie. The defendants pleaded guilty to the bill of indictment.

In the County Court there was no evidence before the Court when they pronounced the judgment. The chairman stated that the defendants had submitted for violating the law, and fined them five dollars each.

The county attorney swore that the indictment was founded on the same transaction for which the defendants were here *291indicted, but that no witnesses were examined before the County Court.

The Court charged the jury “ that to sustain the plea of former conviction, the evidence in the Superior Court must be such as would have been sufficient to convict the defendant upon the indictment in the County Court. They were indicted here for an assault and battery upon Buie ; in the County Court the indictment was for an affray by them and Buie, but omitted to charge that they assaulted and beat each other, and that the evidence now before this Court would not have been sufficient to convict the defendants upon that indictment, and, therefore, -that they had failed to make good their plea of former conviction.” Defendants excepted to the charge.

Yerdict and judgment for the State, and appeal by the defendants.

*Attorney*General, for State.

*IS. G.*Haywood, for defendants.

Battle, J.

The plea of *autrefois convict,*like that of *au-trefois acqwit,*is founded upon the principle, that no man shall be placed in peril of legal penalties more than once, upon the same accusation; 1 Chit. Crim. Law, 452, 462. To entitle the defendant to either of these pleas, it is necessary that the offence charged be the same, and that the former indictment, as well as the conviction, or acquittal, be sufficient. In the case of a former acquittal, the test of identity is, that the testimony given upon the latter indictment would have supported the first indictment. The rules in relation to a former conviction are generally the same ; but, as has been well contended by the counsel for the defendants, there must necessarily be an exception in favor of the plea of *autrefois*convict, in order to sustain the principle upon which both pleas are founded. Thus it has been settled, that if one be indicted for burglary in breaking a dwelling house, and *stealing goods*therefrom,, and be acquitted of the charge, he cannot plead *292such acquittal in bar of an indictment for burglary in breaking the dwelling bouse with *intent to steal;*1 Russ. on Crim., page 830, (of the 6th Am. Ed.) The reason is, that proof under the latter indictment of the *Irealdng with intent to steal,*would not have supported the charge in the former, of breaking and *aotual stealing.*Rut if the defendant had been convicted upon the first indictment and pardoned, we presume he hardly would have been convicted a second time upon another indictment for a breaking with intent to steal. The latter is included in the former, and to permit such a conviction would be placing the accused “ in peril of legal penalties more than once upon the same accusation.” This principle is directly applicable to the present case. The first indictment (which was in a Court having concurrent jurisdiction of the subject with the Superior Court) was for an affray. This charge necessarily included that of the assault and battery, for which the second indictment was found. *“*An affray (say the Court in the *State*v. Allen, 4 Hawks Rep. 356) is the fighting of two or more persons in a public place, to the terror of the citizens. The very definition, therefore, includes an assault and battery, and if it were proved to the j ury that two men fought together, in a private place, and under such circumstances as that it could not be a terror to the people, we think there is no doubt that they might be acquitted of the affray, and convicted of the assault and battery.” See also *State*v. *Woody,*2 Jones’ Rep. 335 ; Arch. Crim. Pl. 451 ; 1 Hawk. PI. Cr. ch. 63, sec. 1. Now it is manifest, that if the parties can be convicted and punished for the affray, and af-terwards be indicted, convicted and punished for the assault and battery, they will be twice punished for the same offence. If they had been acquitted of the charge for an affray, upon the ground that the fighting was in private, no notice being taken in the verdict of the assault and battery, we can at once see that there would be no injustice in permitting them to be indicted and punished for the offence of mutually assaulting and beating each other. But we do not decide whether the plea of *autrefois acquit*would be a good bar in such a case, *293as it seems that an acquittal for murder may be pleaded in bar of ”an indictment for manslaughter; 1 Chit. Crim. Law, 455. "We are clearly of opinion, however, for the reasons above stated, that *cmtrefois convict*is a good plea in bar of the indictment for the assault and battery. In making this decision we are upholding a great conservative principle in favor of the liberty of the citizen, though, in the instance before us, its application will save from adequate punishment a gross and outrageous violation of the law. In the County Court there were no witnesses examined to show the aggravated circumstances of the offence, and the chairman, after stating simply that “ the defendants had submitted for violating the law,” pronounced the judgment of the Court that, they be fined five dollars eaeh; while in the Superior Court, when all the facts were proved, the presiding Judge deemed it a fit case for the imposition of a fine of fifty dollars each, upon *a*majority of the offenders, and twenty dollars each upon the others. There must be a *venire de novo.*

Pee CubiaM. Judgment reversed.