J-S43002-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: R.M.R, A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

: PENNSYLVANIA

:

:

APPEAL OF: E.R., MOTHER : No. 22 MDA 2016

Appeal from the Dispositional Order December 11, 1015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County

Juvenile Division at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000258-2015

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and JENKINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED JUNE 28, 2016

Appellant, E.R. (“Mother”), appeals from the order entered in the 

Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, which adjudicated her minor 

daughter, R.M.R. (“Child”), dependent, approved a child permanency plan 

with the primary goal set as adoption, and suspended Mother’s visitation 

with Child. We affirm. 

The juvenile court’s opinion sets forth the relevant facts and 

procedural history of this case as follows:

On November 20, 2015, the Lancaster County Children and 

Youth Social Services Agency (“[CYS]”) received reports 

that Mother had given birth to her third child, R.M.[R]. 

[On November 23, 2015, CYS filed a petition for 

dependency and motion for the finding of aggravated 

circumstances.] Both Mother and Father have history with 

children services agencies. As of December 8, 2015, 

Father had fathered at least twelve children, only one of 

[whom] was in his care. Father previously had his 

parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child 

in Lancaster County. At the time of the hearing, Mother 

had given birth to three children, none of whom were in 
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her legal or physical custody. Mother also previously had 

her parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another 

child in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Neither Mother 

nor Father had completed a child permanency plan for 

reunification, despite having been afford[ed] plans and 

provided services. Based on the family’s history, [CYS] 

took emergency custody of the newborn and placed her in 

[a CYS] approved resource home. [CYS] filed a Petition for 

Dependency and a Motion for Finding of Aggravated 

Circumstances based on Mother’s...prior involuntary 

termination of [her] parental rights [to another child]. 

The Shelter Care hearing was held on November 24, 2015. 

Both parents were present and indicated through their 

respective attorneys that they wished to waive the shelter 

care hearing without admitting any of the allegations set 

forth in the petition for dependency and without prejudice. 

The [c]ourt granted temporary legal and physical custody 

of the Child to [CYS]. Given the age of the [C]hild, the 

[c]ourt granted parents supervised, one-hour weekly visits 

at [CYS] pending the Adjudication/Disposition hearing. 

The Adjudication/Disposition hearing was held on 

December 8, 2015. [CYS] presented the testimony of the 

caseworker.... Father was present, represented by 

counsel, and testified on his own behalf. Mother was also 

present, represented by counsel, and testified on her own 

behalf. The [c]ourt found [CYS] presented clear and 

convincing evidence establishing that the parental rights of 

the parent have been involuntarily terminated with respect 

to another child of the parent, proven as to Mother and 

Father, and found that aggravated circumstances existed 

as to both Mother and Father. An Aggravated 

Circumstances Order was issued on December 8, 2015. 

The [c]ourt also found that the [C]hild was without the 

proper care or control necessary for her physical, mental,

and emotional health, or morals and adjudicated her 

dependent. The [c]ourt issued an Order of Adjudication 

and Disposition on December 8, 2015, which approved a 

child permanency plan with no goals from reunification 

with parents and the primary placement goal set as 

adoption. Parents are appealing that Order. 

(Juvenile Court Opinion, filed February 1, 2016, at 1-3) (citations to record 
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and footnotes omitted). On January 5, 2016, Mother filed a timely notice of 

appeal and a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal per 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i). 

Mother raises the following issues on appeal: 

WHETHER THE COURT ERRED BY NOT APPROVING A PLAN 

FOR REUNIFICATION WITH MOTHER AND THE CHILD, 

CITING A FINDING OF AGGRAVATED CIRCUMSTANCES 

EXIST FOR MOTHER, BUT ORDERING A PLAN FOR 

REUNIFICATION FOR A CHILD BORN BEFORE THIS CHILD, 

DESPITE THE AGGRAVATED CIRCUMSTANCES.

WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN NOT GIVING PROPER 

WEIGHT TO MOTHER’S CHANGED 

CIRCUMSTANCES/CONDUCT.

WHETHER THE COURT ERRED BY NOT PROVIDING ANY 

VISITATION FOR MOTHER, BUT DID NOT FIND THAT 

MOTHER POSES A GRAVE RISK TO THE CHILD. 

(Mother’s Brief at 7). 

For purposes of disposition, we combine Mother’s issues. Mother 

argues the juvenile court gave too much weight to her prior involuntary 

termination of parental rights in determining whether aggravated 

circumstances exist related to the finding of R.M.R.’s dependency. Mother 

claims that her prior termination occurred in 2009, more than three years 

before Child’s birth. Mother submits no aggravated circumstances can be 

found on that basis. Mother insists the family goal should be to reunify the 

family in a child permanency plan and her prior termination of parental 

rights should not have precluded a goal of reunification when the court 

fashioned R.M.R.’s child dependency plan. Likewise, Mother contends the 
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court failed to give enough weight to her changed circumstances when it 

approved the child permanency plan without reunification. Specifically, 

Mother states she has taken part in prenatal care, family-nurturing classes, 

and parenting educational classes; she has stable housing and income; and 

she has had no criminal charges against her since 2012. Mother concludes 

CYS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that Mother posed a 

risk to the health, safety, or welfare of Child; it was not in the best interest 

of R.M.R. to suspend visitation with Mother because a bond was created with 

Child when Mother carried her in the womb, nurtured her, and after birth 

temporarily visited with her weekly at the order of the court. We disagree. 

Our standard and scope of review from an adjudication of dependency 

is as follows:

The standard of review which this Court employs in cases 

of dependency is broad. However, the scope of review is 

limited in a fundamental manner by our inability to nullify 

the fact-finding of the [trial] court. We accord great 

weight to this function of the hearing [court] because [it] 

is in the position to observe and rule upon the credibility of 

the witnesses and the parties who appear before [it]. 

Relying upon [the court’s] unique posture, we will not 

overrule [its] findings if they are supported by competent 

evidence.

In re E.B., 898 A.2d 1108, 1112 (Pa.Super. 2006) (quoting In re D.A., 801 

A.2d 614, 617-18 (Pa.Super. 2002) (en banc)). The Juvenile Act defines a 

dependent child, in pertinent part, as follows:

§ 6302. Definitions

* * *
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“Dependent child.” A child who:

(1) is without proper parental care or control, 

subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or 

control necessary for [her] physical, mental, or emotional 

health, or morals. A determination that there is a lack of 

proper parental care or control may be based upon 

evidence of conduct by the parent, guardian or other 

custodian that places the health, safety or welfare of the 

child at risk, including evidence of the parent’s, guardian’s 

or other custodian’s use of alcohol or a controlled 

substance that places the health, safety or welfare of the 

child at risk[.] 

* * *

(10) is born to a parent whose parental rights with regard 

to another child have been involuntarily terminated under 

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511 (relating to grounds for involuntary 

termination) within three years immediately preceding the 

date of birth of the child and conduct of the parent poses a 

risk to the health, safety or welfare of the child. 

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1), (10). A court may adjudicate a child as dependent 

if the child meets the statutory definition by clear and convincing evidence. 

E.B., supra. Additionally, “[a] finding of dependency can be made based on 

prognostic evidence and such evidence is sufficient to meet the strict burden 

of proof necessary to declare a child dependent.” In re R.W.J., 826 A.2d 

10, 14 (Pa.Super. 2003). “The court must make a comprehensive inquiry 

into whether proper parental care is immediately available or what type of 

care [m]other could provide in the future.” Id.

If the court finds that the child is dependent, then the 

court may make an appropriate disposition of the child to 

protect the child’s physical, mental and moral welfare, 

including allowing the child to remain with the parents 
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subject to supervision, transferring temporary legal 

custody to a relative or a private or public agency, or 

transferring custody to the juvenile court of another state.

E.B., supra at 1112. 

Upon a finding of dependency, the court must focus on the child’s best 

interests and order a disposition best suited to the child’s safety and wellbeing. In re S.B., 943 A.2d 973 (Pa.Super. 2008); In re L.C., II, 900 A.2d 

378, 381 (Pa.Super. 2006) (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6341(a), 6341(c), 

6351(a)); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(g)). The court may not separate the child 

from her parent unless it finds that the separation is clearly necessary. In 

re G.T., 845 A.2d 870 (Pa.Super. 2004). Such necessity is implicated where 

the child’s welfare, safety, or health demands she be taken from her parent’s 

custody. Id.; In re R.W.J., supra; 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301(b), 6351(b). 

Aggravated circumstances may be alleged during dependency 

proceedings where “[t]he parental rights of the parent have been 

involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the parent.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. 

§ 6302. 

If the county agency or the child’s attorney alleges the 

existence of aggravated circumstances and the court 

determines that the child is dependent, the court shall also 

determine if aggravated circumstances exist. If the court 

finds from clear and convincing evidence that aggravated 

circumstances exist, the court shall determine 

whether...reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the 

need for removing the child from the home or to preserve 

and reunify the family shall be made or continue to be 

made and schedule a [permanency] hearing as required in 

section 6351(e)(3) (relating to disposition of dependent 

child). 
J-S43002-16

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42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(c.1). See also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(2). The 

existence of aggravated circumstances militates against returning the 

dependent child to her parents. In re A.H., 763 A.2d 873, 878 (Pa.Super. 

2000). 

Section 6351(f) provides in relevant part as follows: 

§ 6351. Disposition of dependent child

* * *

(f) Matters to be determined at permanency 

hearing.—At each permanency hearing, a court shall 

determine all of the following:

* * *

(9) if the child has been in placement for at least 15 of 

the last 22 months or the court has determined that 

aggravated circumstances exist and that reasonable efforts 

to prevent or eliminate the need to remove the child from 

the home or to preserve and reunify the family need not 

be made or continue to be made, determine whether the 

county agency has filed or sought to join a petition to 

terminate parental rights and to identify, recruit, process 

and approve a qualified family to adopt the child....

* * *

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(f)(9). 

Additionally, in reviewing an order suspending visitation, our standard 

of review is as follows: 

The polestar and paramount concern in evaluating parental 

visitation, in dependency as well as non-dependency 

situations, is the best interests and welfare of the children. 

Once a child is adjudicated dependent, the issues of 

custody and continuation of foster care are determined 
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according to a child’s best interests. Thus, it has been said 

that the sole concerns of a court called upon to enforce a 

parent’s right of visitation are the welfare and best 

interests of the child. 

However, because of the constitutionally protected liberty 

interest parents have to such visitation, parental visitation 

is usually not denied or limited unless visitation with the 

parent poses a grave threat to the child. In fact:

It has long been the law in this Commonwealth that 

only when the evidence clearly shows that [parents] 

are unfit to associate with [their] children should 

[they] be denied the right to see them. ... 

In dependency cases such as this, the standard against 

which visitation is measured also depends upon the goal 

mandated in the family service plan. Where, as here, 

reunification still remains the goal of the family service 

plan, visitation will not be denied or reduced unless it 

poses a grave threat. If, however, the goal is no longer 

reunification of the family, then visitation may be limited 

or denied if it is in the best interests of the child or 

children. The “best interests” standard, in this context, is 

less protective of parents’ visitation rights than the “grave 

threat” standard.

In re C.J., 729 A.2d 89, 94-96 (Pa.Super. 1999) (internal citations and 

footnote omitted). “[S]o as not to usurp the role of the lower court as 

factfinder, we will affirm only if the evidence is such that no two reasonable 

people could disagree that the grave threat standard has been met.” In re 

B.G., 774 A.2d 757, 762 n.5 (Pa.Super. 2001). 

After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the 

applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Jay J. 

Hoberg, we conclude Mother’s issues merit no relief. The juvenile court’s 

opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the questions 
J-S43002-16

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presented. (See Juvenile Court Opinion at 5-12) (finding: (1) during 

Mother’s pregnancy with her first child, CYS had concerns regarding her lack 

of prenatal care, mental health, and drug and alcohol issues; Mother’s 

parental rights to her second child were terminated over concerns for that 

child’s safety and Mother’s threats to harm herself; Mother took classes to 

address issue of prenatal care but did not address her previous mental 

health issues including suicidal ideations; neither parent has made visible 

progress toward alleviating concerns which necessitated removal of other 

children in their care; court cannot return Child to Mother and Father without 

jeopardizing Child’s safety due to history of sexual abuse and inappropriate 

relationships, untreated mental health of both parents, statutory finding of 

aggravated circumstances against both parents, lack of response to remedial 

efforts taken by CYS, and current lack of realistic remedial services; CYS 

presented clear and convincing evidence that neither parent is able to parent 

Child; thus, Child is dependent; (2) CYS caseworker testified credibly; 

testimony of Mother was not persuasive; in previous case involving 

termination of Mother’s parental rights to her first child, court approved plan 

for reunification but Mother moved in with Father and signed consents for 

adoption for second child; Mother has not made progress in goals for her 

previous permanency plan and has not parented any of her children; Mother 

is in denial of her history of mental health diagnoses; Mother remains 

unemployed and is on probation for retail theft until 2018; Mother continued 
J-S43002-16

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to live with Father after CYS informed her that her housing situation was 

inappropriate for her second child to be returned to her; Child is in suitable 

resource home where she is doing well and is safe from abuse; in light of 

family history, sexual abuse of Father’s other child, and lack of remedial 

actions taken by Mother or Father regarding abuse and mental health issues, 

it was not in Child’s best interest to be reunified with Mother or Father; thus, 

child permanency plan with primary goal set as adoption was appropriate; 

(3) record is clear Mother and Father have extensive mental health and 

parenting issues, which justified goal of adoption based on concern for safety 

of Child if placed in custody of either parent; to that end, court suspended all 

visitation; Mother and Father’s denial of need for mental health services 

does not bode well for Child’s safety; decision to suspend visitation was 

appropriate).1 Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the juvenile court’s 

opinion. 

Order affirmed. 

 

1 With respect to Mother’s claim of a limited statutory look-back period of 

three years, we observe Mother conflates the definitions of dependency and 

aggravated circumstances. Although her claim implicates the definition of 

dependency, found in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, the specific subsection on which 

she relies does not apply to this case; and it also fails to mention aggravated 

circumstances. The juvenile court was not precluded from finding 

dependency pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1) (defining “Dependent Child” 

to include determination that conduct of parent “places the health, safety or 

welfare of the child at risk”). Accordingly, under subsection (1), the juvenile 

court’s finding was not limited to a statutory look-back period and the 

finding of dependency was appropriate. 
J-S43002-16

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 6/28/2016
Agency (hereinafter "the Agency") received reports that Mother had given birth to her third 

child, ~.fl\.~· Both Mother and Father have history with children services agencies. As of 

On November 20, 2015, the Lancaster County Children and Youth Social Services 

aggravated circumstances against them. 

visitation between the Child and Parents. Neither Mother nor Father are appealing the finding of 

without goals for reunification for parents. Third, Parents argue the Court erred in suspending all 

dependent child. Second, Parents argue the Court erred in approving a Child Permanency Plan 

December 8, 2015, Order of Adjudication and Disposition. Parents assert the same three issues in 

their respective l 925(b) statements. First, Parents argue the Court erred in finding Ql..i...eA to be a 

Adjudication and Disposition. That same day, Mother also filed Notice of Appeal of the 

On January 5, 2016, Father filed Notice of Appeal of the December 8, 2015, Order of 

finding that.aggravated circumstances exist as to both parents. 

). The Court also issued an Aggravated Circumstances Order 

suspended visitation for birth mother,. E. e. (μ\o~') ') and birth father, 

' )> ~ (") 

:z: o-. ' ("') ...,, rT1 

)> ,.,., ::tJ 

(I) a, ~ 

OPINION SUR APPEAL ~ 1 c 

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On December 8, 2015, the Court issued an Order of Adjudication and Disposi~n ~ g 

c c:: 

adjudicating. (-{. , rn • (< • ( ~) 1 as ~ep~ent~ 

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child, approved a child permanency plan (CPP) with the primary goal set as adoption,~d 

No. CP-36-DP-0000258-2015 

INRE: 

THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 

JUVENILE COURT I5IVISION ·--- 

Circulated 06/06/2016 03:36 PM
2 

1 Father's first four children were through an incestuous relationship with his mother, . Three of the four 

children died in infancy. The surviving child,' S. I, was in and out of the Agency care until his I 81h 

birthday, when he aged out and returned to Father's home N. T. 12/8/15 at 11-12. The caseworker testified 

that Father did not have names, locations, or birth dates for children five through eight. Id. at 10. Father's 

ninth child, G. was in the custody of her mother. Father reported to have occasional contact with 

Gt, but has never actually seen her face-to-face, paid child support, or parent E7l . i. Id. at 10. Father's 

eleventh child, A, , was periodically in Father's care. The Agency was providing services toward 

reunification until Father was indicated as a perpetrator of sexual abuse by omission as to A .. Father was 

not given a plan for reunification and his parental rights were involuntarily terminated on May 27, 2011. 

See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 3, 12/8/15. 

presented the testimony of the caseworker, Alexis Palmer. Father was present, represented by 

The Adjudication/Disposition hearing was held on December 8, 2015. The Agency 

Agency pending the Adjudication/Disposition hearing. 

Given the age of the child, the Court granted parents supervised, one-hour weekly visits at the 

prejudice. The Court granted temporary legal and physical custody of the Child to the Agency. 

without admitting any of the allegations set forth in the petition for dependency and without 

indicated through their respective attorneys that they wished to waive the shelter care hearing 

The Shelter Care hearing was held on November 24, 2015. Both parents were present and 

Mother's and Father's prior involuntary termination of their parental rights. 

filed a Petition for Dependency and a Motion for Finding of Aggravated Circumstances based on 

newborn and placed her in an Agency approved resource home. N.T. 12/8/15, 3. The Agency 

provided services. Based on the family's history, the Agency took emergency custody of the 

completed a child permanency plan for reunification, despite having been afford plans and 

County, Pennsylvania. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1, 12/8/15. Neither Mother nor Father had 

previously had her parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in Montgomery 

given birth to three children, none of whom were in her legal or physical custody. Mother also 

Lancaster County. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, 12/8/15. At the time of the hearing, Mother had 

December 8, 2015, Father had fathered at least twelv~ children, only one of which was in his 

care. 1 Father previously had his parental rights involuntarily terminated as to another child in 
3 

counsel, and testified on his own b~half. Mother was also present, represented by counsel, and 

testified on her own behalf. The Court found the Agency presented clear and convincing 

evidence establishing that the parental rights of the parent have been involuntarily terminated 

with respect to another child of the parent, proven as to Mother and Father, and found that 

aggravated circumstances existed as to both Mother and Father. See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 1 & 

3. An Aggravated Circumstances Order was issued on December 8, 2015. The Court also found 

that the child was without the proper care or control necessary for her physical, mental, and 

emotional health, or morals and adjudicated her dependent. The Court issued an Order of 

Adjudication and Disposition on December 8, 2015, which approved a child permanency plan 

with no goals from reunification with parents and the primary placement goal set as adoption. 

Parents are appealing that Order. 

Both Father and Mother argue the Court erred in finding the Child dependent. Father 

argues the Court erred in finding 1°'\ \~ to be dependent when Father testified he had previously 

completed mental health treatment, drug and alcohol treatment, a parenting class, anger 

management treatment, domestic violence treatment, he had stable housing, and he had steady 

income to provide for. Chi tJ~ needs. The Court finds that the evidence presented on the record, 

including Father's own testimony, does not support Father's assertion. 

Father testified he participated in mental health counseling and medicinal management 

from 1981-1989. Father stated he quit attending because he had his depression under control and 

no longer needed mental health counseling. N.T. 12/8/15 at 24. Father has not participated in any 

mental health treatment since 1989. Father testified that since his involvement with the Agency 

in his role as a parent, Father has not received any type of mental health treatment. Id. at 24-25. 

Father testified that he previously had an alcohol issue, but that he attended treatment for 12 
4 

weeks in 2001 and graduated from that program. H~~tat~~Jle will occasionally attend meetings, 

--- 

but often cannot due to his work schedule. Id. at 27. In response to the question of how long 

Father has remained sober, Father testified, "I haven't- I drink on special occasions, New Years, 

Christmas, I have one or two, which anybody does. But constantly being called a drunk, that's 

not me because ifl was a drunk I would not keep a steady job. I would get lazy, not get up for 

work and not have nothing to show for in life." Id. at 28, lines 6-11. 

Father testified that he works for A&A Waste "off and on", and stated he was "off' for a 

period of six years recently, due of his late wife's health and medical issues. He testified he 

started working again full-time after his wife died in November 2014. Father stated that he often 

works fourteen-hour days at least three days a week. Id. at 25. 

Father testified that he participated in anger management and parenting in the late 1990s. 

Id. at 27. Father further testified he took a domestic violence class in the late 1990s and in 2004. 

Id. at 27, 29. It is uncontested that Father was involved in a domestic violence incident shortly 

after attending some domestic violence classes in 2004 and has not taken any domestic violence 

classes since. Id. at 29. Father testified he has, and has had, stable housing. Father admitted he 

has only been living at his current address since June 2015. Id. at 26. Before that, he lived with 

his aunt for two years. No evidence was present as to where Father resided before that. He 

currently lives with Mother and his son/brother, 5 ·.) from his incestuous relationship with his 

Mother. Id. 

Father did not offer any evidence aside from his testimony that he participated in 

treatment. The Court did not find his testimony to be credible or persuasive. Even if the Court 

accepted Father's assertion that he has successfully completed treatment in those areas, Father 

has still not addressed all the Agency's continued concerns. Concerns were for inappropriate 
5 

does not support Mother's assertions. 

and stability, which put her in a position to parent this child. The Court also finds that the record 

position to parent that child. Now, Mother argues, circumstances have changed, she has housing 

signed a Consent for Adoption for her second child after Mother realized she was not in a 

Mother also argues the Court erred in finding the child to be dependent because Mother 

with his mother, despite the abuse and prior PF As. Id. at 30, 32. 

mother, who was also the mother of four of his children, to sleep in the same bed with 

Fa~sl)!o~Y 

~ 1 and ~ • into their teenage years. It was reported that sometimes A would be naked 

'-~"'r;.~otw 

sleeping in the same bed with the children. There were also concerns that f\ taught A .. to 

masturbate, which; A, was doing at school. Id. at 12. Father testified he still remains in contact 

to be there for." Id.· at 31, lines 15-16. 

Additionally, Father left. -A, in the care of 6, ) who has significant delays in mental 

development and has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Id. at 13. Father allowed his 

his child, Father testified, "How can I work and protect her? That's what my wife was supposed 

response to questions about Father being indicated as a perpetrator by omission for not protecting 

That individual was also indicated as a perpetrator of sexual abuse against./:\. Id. at 12. In 

his daughter, A~ . Father allowed an indicated perpetrator of sexual abuse to reside in his home. 

children who were in his care. Father was twice indicated a perpetrator of abuse by omission for 

concerns over Father's ability to protect his children due to the ongoing sexual abuse of the two 

his children and lack of appropriate supervision of his children. The Agency continues to have 

child's emotional wellbeing. Father has a history of allowing inappropriate individuals access to 

caretakers, lack of apQro2ria~e S_!:!Qervision, Father's.mental_health, drug use, parenting and the I 

... ! 
6 

2 Mother presented a certificate for Family Nurturing, and educational and support program for parents, which she 

attended from August 18, 2015, through November 3, 2015, and completed the necessary 20 hours of 

instruction. She also presented a letter from Cherilyn Reynolds CRNP from SouthEast Lancaster Health 

Services, Inc., attesting to Mother's treatment ofcare throughout her entire pregnancy. Finally, Mother 

presented a letter from Terri Hershey, a client advocate from A Woman's Concern attesting that Mother 

participated in five parenting education classes through A Woman's Concern, not only during her last 

pregnancy, but also her previous pregnancy. See collectively, Mother's Exhibit No. I, 12/8/15. 

visible progress made by either parent toward alleviating the Agency's initial concerns. This is 

concerns have still not been properly addressed. Despite their arguments otherwise, there is no 

It is clear, for both Mother and Father, that many of the Agency's valid and continuous 

and Father without jeopardizing her safety, protection, physical, mental and moral welfare. 

and the current lack of realistic remedial services, the Court cannot return this child to Mother 

against both Mother and Father, the lack of response to remedial efforts taken by the Agency, 

the untreated mental health of both parents, the statutory finding of aggravate circumstances 

The Court believes because of the history of sexual abuse and inappropriate relationships, 

Agency's concerns that her children were not receiving proper prenatal care, it does not rebut the 

Agency's evidence that Mother's current circumstances remain inappropriate for Cht_/A. 

suicidal ideations during her past pregnancies. Therefore, while Mother may have rectified the 

Nurturing classes did not address any of Mother's previous mental health issues including 

safety and Mother's threats to harm herself. Based on the evidence presented, these Family 

care, Mother's second child was placed because the hospital reported concerns for the child's 

care classes.2 See Mother's Exhibit No. l, 12/8/15. While Mother has rectified issues of prenatal 

Mother's termination of parental rights to her second daughter, Mother has attended a basic child 

knowledge of her pregnancy because she showed no symptoms. N.T. 12/8/15 at 38. Since 

Mother asserted the lack of prenatal care for that child was the result of Mother's lack of 

concerns regarding Mother's lack of prenatal care, mental health and drug and alcohol issues. 

During_ Mother's pregnancy with_h~r first child, the Montgomery County Agency had 

--- 
7 

---not-a-situation-where_one_parenLis_appr_op.ri.a.te_.__T.he..Agency_P-resented clear and convincing ·-------·--·- 

evidence that neither parent is able to parent Qi\ lo-. The Court did not find the testimony of 

Mother and Father compelling. They have not appropriately addressed all of the Agency's prior 

concerns which necessitated removal of their other children from their care. Neither parent was 

satisfactorily able to show they could be trusted to ensure the safety of this child or were able to 

parent this child. The evidence is both clear and convincing that :Ck ti A is dependent and that 

finding otherwise would place the health and safety of the child at risk. 

Once <..i'll lJ has been adjudicated dependent, additional decisions in the context of 

permanency planning must be made according to her best interest. In re J.S.W., 651 A. 2d 167 

(Pa. Super. 1994). Permanency planning is a concept whereby children are not relegated to the 

limbo of spending their childhood in foster homes, but instead, dedicated effort is made by the 

court and the children's agency to rehabilitate and unite the family in a reasonable time, and 

failing in this, to free the child for adoption. In re J.S.W., at 170. The Superior Court has held 

that providing no plan for reunification can be an appropriate decision, depending on the factual 

circumstances. In re R.T., C.A.. K.A., 778 A.2d 670 (Pa. Super. 2001). 

In reaching its dispositional decision, this Court found the Agency caseworker to be 

credible witness who provided independent, consistent, relevant, and persuasive testimony. The 

Court did not find the testimony of Father or Mother to be persuasive. Father was vague as to 

any specifics of his past treatment and offered no further evidence. Further, Mother provided no 

compelling reason why she is more committed to Chi Id. than she was her second child. 

Parents argue that the Court erred in its approval of the CPP with the primary goal set as 

adoption. Father argues the Court erred in approving a Child Permanency Plan that fails to 

provide any goals for reunification with Father when Father previously completed treatment 
8 

Mother further argues that in the matter of her second child, which was also before this Court, 

because a finding aggravated circumstances does not preclude Mother from being given a plan. 

Mother argues the Court erred in not approving a plan for reunification for Mother 

access to his daughter. 

Father continually allowed inappropriate individuals into his home and gave them unsupervised 

with his mother resulting in four children, and was unemployed for a period of at least six years. 

continued to use alcohol despite his history with alcohol abuse, had an incestuous relationship 

another child, has experience the death of his wife, has moved on numerous occasions, has 

a perpetrator of sexual abuse by omission, has had his parental rights involuntarily terminated to 

Since Father's last participation in mental health treatment, he has been twice indicated as 

plan for reunification with any of his children. Moreover, out of Father's twelve children, only 

two were ever in his care, ~.·and I\. The Agency was involved with both children. 

sufficient to address the Agency's concerns. It is uncontested that Father has never completed a 

Father's treatment was too far removed to support Father's assertion that his past treatment was 

completed a 12 week alcohol treatment program in 2001. The Court found that the majority of 

treatment in the 1980s, attended a few parenting and domestic violence classes in the 1990s, and 

programs is not supported by the record. Father testified that he participated in mental health 

stated above, Father's argument that he previously completed all the necessary treatment 

The Court has fully address Father's claims of prior treatment in the previous section. As 

housing and income. 

treatment program a second time to address the Agency's current concerns and provide him the 

necessary skills to parent Chi\!. Father also asserts that he plans on maintaining his current 

..... !_ .. PJ:ogram.s to address the Agency's concerns and testified he was willing to complete these 

I --------·-·-·--------- .. ·-· ------·-----

' i 
9 

3 Mother admitted she had mental health goals on both plans but just never worked on the mental health portion of 

either of her plans. She testified that she was supposed to have an intake for mental health treatment the 

same day as the hearing, but that she couldn't get to it. Mother's attorney indicated Mother scheduled her 

plans. Both parents were provided with help and services. Mother chose not to work on either of 

Neither Mother3 nor Father have addressed the mental health portions of their previous 

previous CPP. 

plan for reunification. In fact, Mother has not made progress in any of the goal areas on her 

parental rights. Id. at 8. She has never parented any of her children and has never completed a 

Agency and signed consents for adoption for her second child, voluntarily terminating her 

no intention of separating from Father at that time. Id. On March 31, 2014, Mother contacted the 

not be appropriate housing for her child. The caseworker testified that Mother indicated she had 

Agency informed Mother that based on Father's previous involvement with the Agency, it would 

when the Court approved the plan for reunification, Mother was residing with Father. The 

goal. Id. at 7. At the time of her second child's birth, Mother was homeless. Two months later, 

goal, a crime-free goal, a parenting goal, an income goal, a housing goal, and a commitment 

reunification with objectives for Mother on March 2, 2014. Her goals included a mental health 

termination of parental rights in Montgomery County. Even so, this Court approved a plan for 

circumstances were found to exist as to Mother based on Mother's previous involuntary 

During Mother's prior involvement with the Agency and with this Court, aggravated 

not in the child's best interest. See In Re R.J. T., 9 A.3d at 1190. 

a plan. The trail court has discretion in determining that reunification is not appropriate and is 

afford Mother the opportunity for reunification, it is thereafter compelled to provide Mother with 

reunification despite that finding. Mother erroneously believes that since the Court was willing to 

________ the_Courtfound_aggraYate.d.J.ircumstances existed for Mother, but ordered a Qian for --- 
10 

intake appointment at T. W. Ponessa in Lancaster for noon on December 8, 2015. The Court proceedings 

for the morning were scheduled from 8:30AM to 12:00PM. The hearing was concluded at 12: l 9PM. 

and has never had a mental health evaluation in her adult life, despite it being a component on 

and mild mental retardation. Id. at 4. She testified that she does not have any of these conditions 

previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder NOS, 

of Father's therapy has been recent nor did any of it deal with the abuse of his child. Mother was 

grave concern regarding Father's failure to accept his responsibly in, A 's sexual abuse. None 

different times, have seriously threatened the well-being of their other children. This Court has 

The Court cannot rely upon either Mother or Father to keep the child safe since both, at 

programs "sometime in the late 1990s" to be particularly relevant or persuasive. 

counseling. The Court did not find Father's testimony that he participated in these treatment 

program, anger management classes, parenting classes, or sexual abuse perpetrator by omission 

nearly 27 years ago. Father offered no evidence that he completed any domestic violence 

does not believe he needs mental health services because he received treatment for depression 

and has a history of allowing inappropriate individuals unsupervised access to his children. He 

admitted to maintaining contact with at least one indicated perpetrator of abuse against his child 

daughter from the sexual abuse she suffered in his home, because he had a job at the time. He 

three decades ago. Father continues to insist that it was not his responsibility to protect his 

Father sporadically participated in elements of his plans, but most of that occurred two to 

her second child to be returned to her. 

informed Mother in 2014 that Father's presence in the home made the home inappropriate for 

housing. She currently lives and maintains a relationship with Father, even after the Agency 

retail theft and will be on probation until February 8, 2018. Id. at 4. Mother argues she has stable 

her plans. Mother remains unemployed. She has failed to remain crime free. She was arrested for 

--- -----· 
l I 

with Father, and neither parents' progress on addressing the Agency's continuing concerns, 

Father and Mother cannot be trusted to provide a safe haven for this child within a reasonable 

amount of time. Based on the record and for the reasons set out above, the Court finds that the 

--~her-CP-P-forJter_firsLt.w_o children. Id. at 37. Mother was reRorted to have thoughts of suicide and 

threatened to harm herself. Mother also refused to heed the Agency's warnings that Father's 

presence in the home made her housing inappropriate for her child's return. Id. at 7. 

Given the history of this family, the sexual abuse perpetrated against Father's other child, 

and the fact that there have been no serious remedial actions taken by the family relative to 

infliction of abuse or mental health treatment, the Court found that it was not in this Child's best 

interest to be reunified with parents and approved the CPP with the primary goal set as adoption. 

It is clearly not in Ou\ 1' s best interest to once again provide parents with access to the same 

services they previously failed to accept and complete. 

Having found d\;. l!. to be a dependent child, the Court must issue a disposition in the 

best interest of the child. Chi \A·~ best interest requires that she live permanently in a loving 

home where there exists no risk of abuse or harm from her birth parents. Ms. Palmer, the Agency 

caseworker, testified that~· is doing well in current resource home, which includes her halfsister, . .:t::., . . ~"' J Mother's second child, was adopted by the resource family on May 14, 

2015. Id. at 15; See Petitioner's Exhibit No. 2, 12/8/15. The child is in a suitable resource home 

where she is doing well, is happy, and is safe from the abuse and threat of abuse Mother and 

Father posed. Her home is a potential permanent resource for Ch,\ i.The Court finds this 

placement appropriate. It is a safe, family-setting where all her needs are being met. 

Given the Father's long history with the Agency, Mother's decision to continue residing 
12 

current disRosition of no plan for reunification with parents_~d a primary goal for adoption is 

best suited to the safety, protection, and physical, mental and moral welfare of~. 

Father's final l 92S(b) issue argues the Court erred in suspending all visitation with 

Father when the Agency failed to prove that Father posed a grave threat to Ou.Y. or that 

visitation between Father and the Child is not in the best interest of the Child. Father again 

argues he previously completed treatment programs that addressed that Agency's current 

concerns with Father and the Agency failed to provide any evidence of concerns pertaining to 

Father' care of Child while in the hospital after Child was born. Mother argues the Court erred 

when it did not provide any visitation for Mother, but did not make a formal finding that Mother 

posed a grave risk to the child. 

Having determined that C!,J,1 ~ '~ primary goal should be adoption, the Court suspended 

visitation for both Mother and Father in furtherance and preparation of the child for adoption. 

While the Court did not make any formal finding that Mother and Father posed a grave risk to 

the child, the record is quite clear that they have extensive mental health and parenting issues 

that justify the Court's concern for the future safety of~· if she were placed in to the custody 

. of either parent, and supports the Court's decision to establish the goal as adoption, and to that 

end suspend all visitation. Neither Mother nor Father believe they need mental health services. 

This is a problem and points out the gravity of the situation. Whether parents' denial is 

purposeful or unconscious, it does not bode well for the safety of d'IA.ld.. in their care. The 

decision to suspend visits was appropriate and was the only decision this Court could make given 

the totality of the record and in furtherance of the Child's primary goal of adoption. 
13 

Copies to: 

Catharine I. Roland, Esquire - Attorney for Appellant Mother 

Jeremy Montgomery, Esquire-Attorney for Appellant Father 

John E. Churchville, Esquire - Attorney for Agency 

Pamela J. Breneman, Esquire - Guardian ad Litem 

Children and Youth (2) 

I certify this document to be filed 

in lla9cl.a1Uls,1!lr, ~nty Office of 

the Clerk of the Courts. 

-

~,,11t11tllll111,,,1. ~ ~"' 9. ~ If I ~ · · c:..-J r: ' \\.~i) 'r": ~1-:t,a;, . ~,~~'~. Jacauelyn E. Pfurs1ch 

'"''"""'"''' L:\'-" Clerk of Courts 

BY THE COURT: 

The Clerk of Courts is directed to transmit the record to the Superior Court. 

Court's Order of Adjudication and Disposition dated December 8, 2015, should be affirmed. 

Based upon the totality of the record, and for the reasons sets forth in this Opinion, the 

,..